WO2016159179A1 - ヒト血清アルブミンを含む神経幹細胞増殖培地 - Google Patents
ヒト血清アルブミンを含む神経幹細胞増殖培地 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a neural stem cell and / or neural progenitor cell growth medium containing human serum albumin, a neural stem cell and / or neural progenitor cell growth method using the medium, and the like.
- a neural stem cell is an undifferentiated cell having self-replicating ability and multipotency, a variety of cells of the nervous system (neural cells and neural progenitors), and glial cells (astrocytes) , Oligodendrocytes, etc.) and glial progenitor cells, etc.).
- Neural stem cells and neural progenitor cells which can supply cells that are difficult to grow in normal adults such as nerve cells, are attracting attention as a source of biomaterials in regenerative medicine, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, There are high expectations for therapeutic applications for intractable neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease and nerve damage.
- a large amount of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells are required for the treatment of intractable neurological diseases and nerve damages using such neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells, and for the development of these therapeutic methods. Therefore, development and improvement of a method for culturing neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells in vitro is one of the important issues.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes neurosphere culture as a method for culturing neural stem cells in vitro.
- neural stem cells are suspended in a serum-free medium containing epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), thereby maintaining the undifferentiated state of neural stem cells and the ability to differentiate It has been shown to be possible to grow while retaining EGF.
- EGF epidermal growth factor
- bFGF basic fibroblast growth factor
- a medium containing EGF and / or bFGF is used on an incubator coated with a substrate such as laminin, poly-L-ornithine, or fibronectin.
- a substrate such as laminin, poly-L-ornithine, or fibronectin.
- Examples include a method of culturing neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells (Non-patent Document 2).
- neural stem cells have been reported to undergo symmetric division and self-replicate, and have the advantage of being able to provide a uniform cell population as compared to neurosphere culture.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a medium with controlled osmotic pressure as a medium for differentiating stem cells into endoderm progenitor cells.
- a human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell line is prepared in a medium supplemented with human serum albumin. It is described that culturing promotes the efficiency of endoderm differentiation induction.
- Non-Patent Document 3 discloses that in order to examine the effect of the final glycation product (AGE) of the saccharification reaction (Maillard reaction) on the differentiation of neural stem cells, using a medium containing AGE-modified bovine serum albumin protein, Stem cell culture.
- AGE final glycation product
- Maillard reaction saccharification reaction
- Non-Patent Document 4 describes a culture medium for primary brain tumor cell culture supplemented with bovine serum albumin for maintaining osmotic pressure and maintaining growth factors and fatty acids.
- bovine serum albumin may be added to the medium in order to adjust the osmotic pressure in the medium or solubilize poorly soluble compounds such as fatty acids because it is inexpensive and readily available.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a medium that promotes cell proliferation while maintaining the undifferentiation and multipotency of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells, and neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells It is to provide a method for promoting cell proliferation while maintaining the undifferentiation and multipotency of the cells.
- human serum albumin acts to maintain undifferentiation and multipotency of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells and promote proliferation.
- the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention is as follows.
- [1] A medium for neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells containing human serum albumin.
- the human serum albumin is recombinant human serum albumin.
- the human serum albumin is derived from human plasma.
- the amount of fatty acid in the medium is 50 ⁇ M or less.
- bFGF basic fibroblast growth factor
- a method for growing neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells, which comprises adding human serum albumin to a medium which comprises adding human serum albumin to a medium.
- a method for maintaining undifferentiated neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells which comprises adding human serum albumin to a medium.
- a method for promoting proliferation while maintaining undifferentiated neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells which comprises adding human serum albumin to a medium.
- [20] The method according to any one of [17] to [19] above, wherein the neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells are derived from pluripotent stem cells.
- the human serum albumin is recombinant human serum albumin.
- the human serum albumin is derived from human plasma.
- the medium contains a fatty acid.
- the amount of fatty acid in the medium is 50 ⁇ M or less.
- [25] The method according to any one of [17] to [24] above, wherein the amount of fatty acid in the medium is 20 ⁇ M or less.
- [26] The method according to any one of [17] to [25] above, wherein the amount of human serum albumin in the medium is 0.2 mg / mL to 20 mg / mL.
- the amount of human serum albumin in the medium is 0.5 mg / mL to 10 mg / mL.
- neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells are cultured in suspension in the medium.
- a culture composition comprising the medium according to any one of [1] to [16] above, and neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells.
- the present invention it becomes possible to culture neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells efficiently in the long term while maintaining undifferentiation and multipotency. As a result, a large amount of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells can be obtained by culture. Moreover, it becomes possible to reduce the cost concerning culture
- neurospheres shows a tendency to suppress differentiation of neurospheres depending on human serum albumin concentration.
- the neurospheres after 14 days of culture in media supplemented with human serum albumin to final concentrations of 0.2 mg / mL, 1 mg / mL, and 2.1 mg / mL are shown.
- Neurospheres cultured in a medium supplemented with 1 mg / mL human serum albumin (lower left) and neurospheres cultured in a medium supplemented with 2.1 mg / mL human serum albumin (lower right) maintain good neurosphere morphology even after 14 days of culture. did.
- the results of immunostaining in neurospheres cultured in a medium supplemented with 2.1 mg / mL human serum albumin are shown. Many ⁇ III tubulin (green) positive neurons were observed.
- LtNES cells long-term self-renewing neuro epithelial-like stem cells
- the present invention provides a medium that promotes cell growth while maintaining the undifferentiation and multipotency of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells (hereinafter also referred to as the medium of the present invention), and neural stem cells and / or Provided is a method for efficiently cultivating neural progenitor cells in the long term while maintaining the undifferentiation and multipotency (hereinafter also referred to as the method of the present invention).
- Human serum albumin is a general term for proteins that are easily coagulated in egg white, serum, milk and the like. Albumin is soluble in weakly acidic to weakly alkaline solutions (dilute acid, water, dilute alkali), but does not salt out with 50% ammonium sulfate, but precipitates with a high concentration of ammonium sulfate. It is known that many things are globular proteins with an isoelectric point of pI 4.5 to 6 with a molecular weight of tens of thousands or less (about 45,000). Typical examples include ovalbumin, lactalbumin, serum albumin, parvalbumin and the like.
- Serum albumin protein is one of many proteins present in serum and is a soluble globular protein having a molecular weight of about 66,000. It is produced from preproalbumin via proalbumin. It is known to account for 50% to 60% of plasma proteins, and the concentration of serum albumin plays a major role in regulating the osmotic pressure of plasma and interstitial fluid. It is also known to play a role in binding and transporting poorly soluble substances (such as fatty acids and drugs) in blood.
- the human serum albumin used in the present invention may be natural human serum albumin or may be non-natural.
- Human serum albumin may be human serum albumin derived from plasma isolated and purified from plasma components, or recombinant human serum albumin isolated and purified from microorganisms, cells or plants produced by genetic engineering techniques. There may be.
- the human serum albumin used in the present invention is preferably recombinant human serum albumin from the viewpoint of avoiding contamination with foreign substances. desirable.
- the human serum albumin used in the present invention may be bound to metal ions such as copper ions and zinc ions, glutathione, pyrixadol, bilirubin or fatty acids, and any of metal ions, glutathione, pyrixadol, bilirubin and fatty acids. Also, it may be not bonded.
- the amount of fatty acid supported by human serum albumin is preferably 10 mg / g or less, more preferably 6 mg / g or less. The supported amount may be 0 mg / g.
- the measurement of the amount of fatty acid carried by human serum albumin can be carried out using a method commonly practiced in the art or a method analogous thereto, such as detection by GC-MS after methylation of free fatty acid, In addition to quantification by infrared spectroscopy, Duncombe extraction method, ACS-ACOD method using acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACOD), and the like can be mentioned. Any of those commercially available as measurement kits can be used.
- the human serum albumin used in the present invention may be one in which the amount of fatty acid to be bound is reduced to the above range by HSA having a high amount of fatty acid carried, for example, by the method described in WO2014 / 192929.
- Free human serum albumin eg, Essentially fatty acid free ( ⁇ 0.005%), Sigma Aldrich, etc.
- Essentially fatty acid free ⁇ 0.005%
- Sigma Aldrich etc.
- human serum albumin when using human serum albumin combined with fatty acid, human serum albumin is (1) low in fatty acid loading (usually 0.02% or less, It is preferable to use either human serum albumin (preferably 0.005% or less) and human serum albumin in which (2) (1) human serum albumin carries a fatty acid (eg, linoleic acid) with a clear composition. Even when human serum albumin with a low amount of fatty acid is used, since human serum albumin can bind to fatty acid in the medium, the amount of fatty acid supported by human serum albumin in the medium can vary from the above value. .
- human serum albumin is not the final glycation product.
- the human serum albumin used in the present invention may be a monomer or may form a multimer.
- human serum albumin is a monomer.
- the timing of adding human serum albumin achieves a desired effect such as promoting proliferation and maintaining undifferentiation of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells.
- a desired effect such as promoting proliferation and maintaining undifferentiation of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells.
- Human serum albumin is not particularly limited as long as it can achieve a desired effect such as promotion of proliferation of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells and maintenance of undifferentiation, and is added at the start of culture or at any timing during the culture. be able to.
- the amount of human serum albumin in the medium is not particularly limited as long as a desired effect such as promotion of proliferation of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells and maintenance of undifferentiation can be achieved.
- “about” is used to mean ⁇ 10%.
- the amount of human serum albumin in the medium is not particularly limited as long as a desired effect such as promotion of proliferation of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells and maintenance of undifferentiation can be achieved.
- mL to 20 mg / mL preferably 0.5 mg / mL to 10 mg / mL, more preferably 1 mg / mL to 5 mg / mL, more preferably about 1 mg / mL to about 2.1 mg / mL, most preferably 1 mg / mL ⁇ 2.1 mg / mL.
- “about” is used to mean ⁇ 10%.
- the amount of human serum albumin contained in the medium is less than 0.2 mg / mL, it is not desirable in that the ratio of cells that differentiate into nerve cells increases. On the other hand, there is no problem even if the amount of human serum albumin contained in the medium is large, but usually the amount contained in the medium is 20 mg / mL or less.
- Plasma-derived human serum albumin can be obtained by a method known per se.
- human serum albumin can be obtained by isolation from plasma components.
- An example of a method for isolating human serum albumin from human plasma components includes, but is not limited to, a low-temperature ethanol fractionation method (Cohn Method).
- the low-temperature ethanol fractionation method is a method of separating plasma proteins by adjusting ethanol concentration, pH, etc. at low temperatures.
- the human serum albumin fraction obtained by the low-temperature ethanol fractionation method human serum albumin is a fraction).
- Natural human serum albumin can be obtained from the fraction V).
- Kistler et al. Graham, J.M., Rickwood, D. Subcellular Fractionation, a Practical Approach. Oxford Universal Press. 1997), Tanaka K et al.
- Human serum albumin can also be separated from plasma components by a modified method of Cohn Method such as: 1383-8).
- Methods for obtaining recombinant human serum albumin include, but are not limited to, methods of producing human serum albumin in microorganisms such as yeast, animal cells or plants, and isolating and purifying human serum albumin from the culture. Not.
- a method for producing microorganisms to produce human serum albumin a method using yeast (Quirk AV et al., Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 1989 Jun; 11 (3): 273-87, Okayaashi K et al., J Biochem. 1991 Jul; 110 (1 ): 103-10, JP-A-60-41487, JP-A-63-39576, JP-A-63-74493), a method using E.
- coli (Lawn RM et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Nov 25) 9 (22): 6103-114), a method using Bacillus subtilis (Saunders CW et al., J Bacteriol. 1987 Jul; 169 (7): 2917-25, JP-A No. 62-25133) and the like.
- a method for producing human serum albumin in a plant a method of producing human serum albumin in the endosperm of rice (Oryza sativa) (He et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011 Nov 22; 108 (47): 19078-83 ) And the like.
- Human serum albumin produced in animal cells such as CHO cells can also be used.
- Isolation and purification of human serum albumin from these human serum albumin producing hosts can be performed by a method according to the above-mentioned literature, JP-A-5-317079, JP-A-6-56883, JP-A-6-245789, Methods according to the purification methods described in JP-A-7-170993, JP-A-7-170994, JP-T-6-500050, JP-A-2005-348745, JP-A-2007-130025, etc. Alternatively, methods known per se such as affinity chromatography and anion exchange chromatography, and combinations thereof are appropriately selected and performed.
- NCBI Accession No. Examples thereof include AF542069, DQ986150, AY960291, NM_000477, but are not limited thereto.
- amino acid sequence of human serum albumin NCBI Accession No. NP_000468, AAA98797, CAA00844, CAA02034, etc., but are not limited thereto.
- human serum albumin 1) a protein comprising an amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acids have been deleted, substituted or added in the amino sequence of human serum albumin, and which promotes proliferation of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells, 2) a protein comprising an amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acids have been deleted, substituted or added in the amino sequence of human serum albumin and having an effect of maintaining undifferentiation of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells, Etc. are included.
- Whether or not the protein has the effect of promoting proliferation of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells is determined by, for example, neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells in a medium to which the protein is added or in a medium to which no protein is added. Can be determined by measuring and comparing the number of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells after 14 days of culturing in the medium, but is not limited thereto. Further, the culture period can be appropriately selected such as 13 days or less, 15 days or more.
- Whether or not a protein has an effect of maintaining undifferentiation of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells can be determined by, for example, neural stem cells and / or nerves in a medium to which the protein is added or in a medium to which no protein is added. Progenitor cells are seeded and neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells cultured for 14 days in the medium are stained with neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cell markers described later, and stained with neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cell markers It can be determined by measuring and comparing the number of cells to be measured, but is not limited thereto.
- the protein includes human serum albumin.
- human serum albumin can also be used.
- Commercially available recombinant human serum albumin includes Sigma-Aldrich A9731 (model number), Siencel Research Laboratories OsrHSA-10 (model number), Wuhan Healthgen Biotechnologies HY01E-10g (model number), Eenzyme Recombinant rice-derived products such as HSA-1r (model number), Bioverde IBK-A1-10 (model number), Sigma-Aldrich A7223 (model number), A6608 (model number), A7736 (model number), Novozyme Album ( Examples include products derived from recombinant yeast such as (registered trademark) (product name), Recombumin alpha (registered trademark) (product name), and AlbIX (registered trademark) (product name).
- neural stem cells are multi-differentiation into neural cells (neural cells and glial cells (such as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes) and their progenitor cells). It means an undifferentiated cell that maintains multipotency and has the ability to self-replicate.
- a neural stem cell is an epidermis as long as it has the ability to finally generate nerve cells and glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, etc.) and no special manipulation such as initialization is applied. It is a cell that does not substantially produce cells other than the nervous system such as system cells, blood cells, and muscle cells. 90% or more of the cells produced by neural stem cells are any of neurons and glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, etc.) and their precursor cells (including neural stem cells). Refers to the state.
- a neural progenitor cell is an undifferentiated cell having a division ability and a cell having an ability to finally differentiate into one or more types of nerve cells.
- a neural progenitor cell refers to a cell that is destined to ultimately produce a neuronal cell and that does not substantially produce anything other than the neural cell and its progenitor cells.
- a glial progenitor cell is an undifferentiated cell derived from a neural stem cell and having a dividing ability, and is one of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, Schwann cells or their progenitor cells. It refers to a cell that has the ability to differentiate into a cell and that does not substantially differentiate into a nerve cell.
- neural stem cells and neural progenitor cells are difficult to distinguish strictly, they may be used interchangeably as “neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells” in this specification.
- mammal-derived neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells are usually used.
- mammals include rodents such as mice, rats, hamsters, and guinea pigs, rabbit eyes such as rabbits, ungulates such as pigs, cows, goats, horses, and sheep, cats such as dogs and cats, and humans Primates such as, monkeys, rhesus monkeys, marmosets, orangutans and chimpanzees, but are not limited to these.
- the neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells used in the present invention are preferably rodents such as mice or primate neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells such as humans, more preferably human neural stem cells and / or Or it is a neural progenitor cell.
- Neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells used in the present invention are those derived from pluripotent stem cells, those isolated from living tissues, or directly induced to differentiate from fibroblasts without passing through pluripotent stem cells ( Stem Cells. 2012 Jun; 30 (6): 1109-19) and the like, as long as the above-mentioned cells that maintain the undifferentiation and maintain the multipotency and maintain the ability to generate nerve cells, There is no particular limitation.
- a pluripotent stem cell is an immature cell having self-renewal ability and differentiation / proliferation ability, and is a cell having the ability to differentiate into all tissues and cells constituting a living body excluding the placenta. means.
- pluripotent stem cells examples include embryonic stem cells (ES cells), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) (Takahashi K et al., Cell. 2007 Nov 30; 131 (5): 861-72), sperm stem cells ( Kanatsu-Shinohara M et al., Biol Reprod. 2007 Jan; 76 (1): 55-62), embryonic germ cells (Matsui Y et al., Cell. 1992 Sep 4; 70 (5): 841-7), by nuclear transfer Examples thereof include ES cells derived from cloned embryos (Wakayama T et al., Science. 2001 Apr 27; 292 (5517): 740-3).
- Pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells can be obtained by a method known per se.
- a method for producing a pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cell and / or neural progenitor cell a method of forming a neural stem cell and / or a neural progenitor cell via embryoid body formation by suspension culture of the pluripotent stem cell (Bain) G. et al., Dev Biol. 1995 Apr; 168 (2): 342-57), a method of culturing pluripotent stem cells using stromal cells as feeder cells, pluripotent stem cells in a serum-free medium containing bFGF.
- a method of performing suspension culture (Watanabe K et al., Nat Neurosci. 2005 Mar; 8 (3): 288-96, etc.), pluripotent stem cells (ES cells, etc.) in the presence of SMAD signal inhibitors Noggin and SB431542 (Chambers SM et al., Nat Biotechnol. 2009 Mar; 27 (3) 275-80), culturing pluripotent stem cells (such as ES cells) cultured in a monolayer in the presence of a glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibitor, a transforming growth factor ⁇ (TGF- ⁇ ) inhibitor, or a Notch signal inhibitor.
- GSK3 glycogen synthase kinase 3
- TGF- ⁇ transforming growth factor ⁇
- Notch signal inhibitor Li W et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.
- the neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells used in the present invention are derived from ES cells or induced pluripotent stem cells, more preferably derived from induced pluripotent stem cells.
- a cell is a neural stem cell.
- cells are cultured in suspension in a serum-free medium containing EGF and bFGF, and the cultured cell mass is dispersed and then differentiated into neurons and glial cells by adhesion culture. It can be confirmed by guiding.
- Neural stem cells can also be confirmed by a gene known to be expressed in neural stem cells, a transcription product thereof, a protein, etc. (neural stem cell marker).
- Neural stem cell markers include nestin (Nestin; Science, 276, 66 (1997)), SOX1 (SEX determining region Y) -box1), SOX2 (SRY (sex determining region Y) -box2), which are cytoskeletal proteins.
- neural stem cells suitable for the present invention include, but are not limited to, cells that are SOX2 positive and nestin positive.
- a cell is a neural progenitor cell can be confirmed, for example, by culturing the cell and inducing differentiation into the nerve cell.
- Examples of the gene expressed in neural progenitor cells include Tbr2 (T-box brain protein 2), MASH1 (Mammalian achaete-cut homolog 1), nestin and the like.
- Neural progenitor cells suitable for the present invention include, but are not limited to, SOX2 negative and nestin positive cells.
- markers for differentiated neurons include ⁇ III tubulin, MAP2 (microtubule-associated protein), and the like.
- neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells are maintained undifferentiated” means that at least one of the cells formed after the neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells divide as neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells.
- the neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells do not divide and have the properties of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells.
- the cells formed after the division of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells maintains the properties as neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells can be confirmed, for example, by the aforementioned marker.
- the term “inhibition of differentiation of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells” means that the proportion of differentiated cells (for example, neural cells) in the total cells produced by neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells decreases. Say to do.
- the inhibition of differentiation may be inhibition of differentiation from neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells to nerve cells and the like. Whether or not differentiation is suppressed can be confirmed by, for example, the above-described differentiation marker (for example, a neuronal cell marker such as ⁇ III tubulin).
- neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells used in the present invention are isolated. “Isolated” means that an operation to remove a target component or a factor other than cells has been performed and the state existing in nature (eg, in vivo) has been removed.
- the present invention provides a medium for culturing neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells.
- the medium of the present invention has the effect of maintaining the undifferentiation and multipotency of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells and promoting proliferation.
- the culture medium of the present invention is used for maintaining undifferentiated neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells, for promoting proliferation of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells, or neural stem cells and It is for maintaining undifferentiation of neural progenitor cells and promoting proliferation.
- the medium of the present invention contains human serum albumin.
- the human serum albumin to be added is as described above.
- the components other than human serum albumin contained in the medium of the present invention are not particularly limited as long as the desired effects such as promotion of proliferation of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells and maintenance of undifferentiation can be achieved.
- the composition used for culture of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells can be appropriately employed.
- the medium of the present invention may be prepared using a medium usually used for culturing animal cells as a basal medium.
- the basal medium is not particularly limited as long as a desired effect such as promotion of proliferation of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells and maintenance of undifferentiation can be achieved.
- the medium of the present invention may be prepared using a medium usually used for stem cell culture as a basal medium.
- basal media for stem cell culture include RHB medium (StemCells, Inc.), TeSRTM-E6 (STEMCELL Technologies), hESF-GRO medium (Nipro Corporation), HESF-DIF medium (Nipro Corporation), CSTI- 7 (Cell Science Research Institute), Essential 6 medium (Life Technologies), and the like.
- the medium used in the present invention is preferably a chemically defined medium (CDM) whose components are chemically determined from the viewpoint of avoiding mixing of chemically undecided components.
- CDM chemically defined medium
- the medium of the present invention is preferably a serum-free medium.
- the “serum-free medium” in the present invention means a medium that does not contain unconditioned or unpurified serum.
- a medium containing purified blood-derived components or animal tissue-derived components for example, growth factors such as EGF, bFGF, etc. is also included in the serum-free medium unless it contains unconditioned or unpurified serum. It is.
- the serum-free medium may contain a serum replacement.
- serum substitutes include those appropriately containing transferrin, fatty acids, collagen precursors, trace elements, 2-mercaptoethanol or 3 ′ thiolglycerol, or equivalents thereof.
- a serum replacement can be prepared, for example, by the method described in WO98 / 30679.
- a commercially available product may be used as a serum substitute. Examples of such commercially available serum substitutes include, but are not limited to, Glutamax TM (manufactured by Life Technologies) and N2 (Life Technologies).
- the culture medium of the present invention When the culture medium of the present invention is used for human neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells, it is preferable not to contain serum albumin derived from animals other than humans such as bovine serum albumin from the viewpoint of avoiding mixing of components derived from different species. Even when the culture medium of the present invention contains albumin derived from animals other than humans, the amount is preferably reduced as much as possible from the viewpoint of avoiding the mixing of components derived from different species. Specifically, the amount of albumin derived from a non-human animal in the medium of the present invention is usually 1000 ng / mL or less, preferably 500 ng / mL or less, more preferably 100 ng / mL or less, and even more preferably 10 ng / mL or less. Even more preferably, it is 0 ng / mL.
- the medium of the present invention may further contain a medium additive.
- Medium supplements include vitamins, non-essential amino acids such as glutamine, proteins such as cytokines and growth factors, L-ascorbic acid, L-ascorbyl magnesium phosphate, sodium pyruvate, 2-aminoethanol, glucose, sodium bicarbonate , HEPES, insulin, progesterone, sodium selenate, putrescine and the like.
- the additive is preferably contained within a concentration range known per se.
- the medium of the present invention contains essential amino acids (L-lysine, L-leucine, L-isoleucine, L-threonine, L-valine, L-phenylalanine, L-histidine, L-tryptophan).
- the medium of the present invention is preferably L-serine, L-cystine, glycine, L-cysteine, L-proline, L-methionine, L-glutamic acid, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid and L-alanine, L- Contains glutamine, L-arginine and L-tyrosine.
- the medium of the present invention comprises inositol, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium D-pantothenate, thiamine (vitamin B1), pyridoxine (vitamin B6), niacinamide, vitamin B12, riboflavin (vitamin B2), D-biotin, D-glucose 1 or more, preferably 2 or more, more preferably 3 or more, and still more preferably 4 or more medium additives selected from the group consisting of sodium pyruvate, hypoxanthine, thymidine, lipoic acid and putrescine hydrochloride.
- the medium of the present invention preferably contains epidermal growth factor (EGF) and / or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), more preferably bFGF.
- EGF epidermal growth factor
- bFGF basic fibroblast growth factor
- the upper limit of the amount of bFGF in the medium is not limited as long as the desired effect can be achieved, but is preferably 1000 ng / mL or less, more preferably 500 ng / mL or less, and even more preferably 200 ng / mL or less. .
- the lower limit of the amount of bFGF in the medium is not limited as long as the desired effect can be achieved, but is preferably 0.1 ng / mL or more, more preferably 1 ng / mL or more, and even more preferably 10 ng / mL or more. It is.
- the amount of bFGF in the medium is not limited as long as the desired effect can be achieved, but is preferably 0.1 ng / mL to 1000 ng / mL, more preferably 1 ng / mL to 200 ng / mL, and even more preferably 10 ng. / ML to 200 ng / mL.
- the medium of the present invention contains bFGF (final concentration of 10 ng / mL to 200 ng / mL). Moreover, it is preferable that the culture medium of the present invention does not substantially contain a substance having an effect of promoting differentiation of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells (also referred to as a nerve differentiation promoting substance in the present specification).
- a substance having an effect of promoting differentiation of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells also referred to as a nerve differentiation promoting substance in the present specification.
- the neuronal differentiation promoting substance include BDNF (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor), GDNF (Gial cell line-derived neurotropic factor), cAMP (Cyclic adenosbetic MP).
- the substance that does not substantially contain a neuronal differentiation promoting substance is an amount that cannot promote the differentiation of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells even if the neuronal differentiation promoting substance is contained.
- the concentration of the neuronal differentiation promoting substance contained in the medium of the present invention is 0 ⁇ M.
- the medium of the present invention may contain a fatty acid.
- Fatty acids contained in the medium of the present invention include oleic acid, linoleic acid, ⁇ -linolenic acid, ⁇ -linolenic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidonic acid, icosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, butyric acid, acetic acid, palmitoleic acid, Herbic acid (valeric acid), caproic acid, enanthic acid (heptylic acid), caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, pentadecylic acid, margaric acid, xenoic acid, eleostearic acid, arachidic acid, 8, Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, 11-eicosadienoic acid, 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid,
- the fatty acid contained in the medium of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as a desired effect can be achieved, and may be a saturated fatty acid or an unsaturated fatty acid. Although it is not limited as long as the desired effect can be achieved, linoleic acid is usually used for the medium.
- the medium of the present invention usually contains fatty acids derived from the basal medium.
- the amount of fatty acid in the medium is not limited as long as a desired effect such as promotion of proliferation and maintenance of undifferentiation of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells can be achieved, or the desired effect is not adversely affected.
- it is 50 ⁇ M or less, preferably 25 ⁇ M or less, more preferably 22 ⁇ M or less, still more preferably 20 ⁇ M or less, and even more preferably less than 20 ⁇ M.
- the fatty acid concentration is 60 ⁇ M, many of the neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells become cells that form black deformed spheres having a lower proliferation ability than usual, which is undesirable.
- the amount is desirably 50 ⁇ M or less, and the smaller the amount, the more difficult it is to form black deformed spheres.
- the medium of the present invention preferably contains an amount of fatty acid that is contained in a normal basal medium, and the amount is preferably 0.01 ⁇ M or more, more preferably 0.05 ⁇ M or more, and even more preferably 0.1 ⁇ M or more. It is.
- the fatty acid concentration in the medium is not limited as long as the desired effect can be achieved, but is preferably 0.01 ⁇ M to 50 ⁇ M, more preferably 0.05 ⁇ M to 25 ⁇ M, still more preferably 0.05 ⁇ M to 22 ⁇ M, and even more.
- the medium of the present invention contains human serum albumin bound to fatty acid
- the above-mentioned “amount of fatty acid in the medium” refers to the amount of fatty acid bound to human serum albumin in addition to the amount of free fatty acid in the medium.
- the medium of the present invention is prepared by adding human serum albumin combined with fatty acid
- the medium of the present invention is prepared using human serum albumin having an appropriate amount of fatty acid so that the desired amount of fatty acid in the medium can be achieved. It is desirable.
- the total amount is preferably set to be in the above range.
- the medium of the present invention contains bFGF (10 ng / mL to 200 ng / mL) and human serum albumin (0.5 mg / mL to 10 mg / mL), and the amount of fatty acid in the medium is 0.05 ⁇ M to 50 ⁇ M. Serum-free medium.
- the medium of the present invention contains bFGF (10 ng / mL to 200 ng / mL), human serum albumin (about 1 mg / mL to about 2.1 mg / mL), and the concentration of serum albumin derived from animals other than humans Is a serum-free medium in which the amount of fatty acid in the medium is about 0.1 ⁇ M to about 20 ⁇ M.
- “about” is used to mean ⁇ 10%.
- the medium of the present invention contains transferrin, insulin, NaHCO 3 , selenium, ethanolamine, and bFGF in addition to human serum albumin. More preferably, the medium of the present invention contains transferrin, insulin, NaHCO 3 , selenium, ethanolamine, bFGF, inositol, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium D-pantothenate, thiamine (vitamin B1), pyridoxine in addition to human serum albumin (Vitamin B6), niacinamide, vitamin B12, riboflavin (vitamin B2), D-biotin, D-glucose, sodium pyruvate, hypoxanthine, thymidine, lipoic acid, putrescine, linoleic acid, L-lysine, L-leucine, A serum-free medium containing L-isoleucine, L-threonine, L-valine, L-phenylalanine
- the medium of the present invention is based on DMEM / F-12 medium, added to human serum albumin (0.5 mg / mL to 10 mg / mL), and transferrin (0.5 ⁇ g / mL to 100 ⁇ g / mL).
- human serum albumin 0.5 mg / mL to 10 mg / mL
- transferrin 0.5 ⁇ g / mL to 100 ⁇ g / mL.
- Insulin (5 ⁇ g / mL to 1 mg / mL)
- NaHCO 3 100 ⁇ g / mL to 5 mg / mL
- sodium selenate 2 ng / mL to 1 ⁇ g / mL
- ethanolamine 100 ng / mL to 100 ⁇ g / mL
- bFGF 10 ng / mL to 200 ng / mL.
- the medium of the present invention contains bFGF, hLIF, glucose, glutamine, NaHCO 3 , HEPES, insulin, transferrin, progesterone, sodium selenate, and putrescine in addition to human serum albumin.
- the medium of the present invention contains, in addition to human serum albumin, glucose, glutamine, NaHCO 3 , HEPES, insulin, transferrin, progesterone, sodium selenate, putrescine, inositol, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium D-pantothenate, Thiamine (vitamin B1), pyridoxine (vitamin B6), niacinamide, vitamin B12, riboflavin (vitamin B2), D-biotin, D-glucose, sodium pyruvate, hypoxanthine, thymidine, lipoic acid, putrescine, linoleic acid, L A serum-free medium containing lysine, L-leucine, L-isoleucine, L-threonine, L-valine, L-phenylalanine, L-histidine, L-tryptophan and L-asparagine.
- the medium of the present invention is based on DMEM / F-12 medium, added to human serum albumin (0.5 mg / mL to 10 mg / mL), bFGF (10 ng / mL to 200 ng / mL), hLIF (1 ng / mL to 100 ng / mL), glucose (1 mg / mL to 10 mg / mL), glutamine (100 ⁇ g / mL to 1 mg / mL), NaHCO 3 (100 ⁇ g / mL to 5 mg / mL), HEPES (100 ⁇ g / mL to 5 mg / mL), insulin (5 ⁇ g / mL to 1 mg / mL), transferrin (0.5 ⁇ g / mL to 100 ⁇ g / mL), progesterone (2 ng / mL to 1 ⁇ g / mL), sodium selenate (2 ng / mL to 1 ⁇ g
- the medium of the present invention can be used for any culture method such as adhesion culture, suspension culture, embedding culture, tissue culture and the like.
- the medium is for suspension culture.
- the medium of the present invention can be suitably used for culturing neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells derived from any animal.
- Neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells that can be cultured using the medium of the present invention include, for example, rodents such as mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits such as rabbits, pigs, cows, goats, horses, Neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells derived from ungulates such as sheep, cats such as dogs and cats, primates such as humans, monkeys, rhesus monkeys, marmosets, orangutans and chimpanzees, preferably derived from humans Neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells.
- the present invention provides a method for culturing neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells, which comprises adding human serum albumin to a medium.
- the method is also a method of proliferating neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells and maintaining undifferentiation.
- the method of the present invention includes a step of culturing neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells in the medium of the present invention.
- the method of the present invention includes a step of adding human serum albumin to a medium not containing human serum albumin and culturing in the presence of human serum albumin for a certain period of time.
- the neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells in the method of the present invention are not limited.
- the culture period is usually 2 days or longer, preferably 4 days or longer, more preferably 8 days or longer.
- the time for adding human serum albumin to the medium is a length of time that can achieve a desired effect such as promotion of proliferation of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells and maintenance of undifferentiation.
- a desired effect such as promotion of proliferation of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells and maintenance of undifferentiation.
- cultivates in the culture medium containing human serum albumin in the whole period during a culture
- the composition of the medium is as described above.
- neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells can be cultured by a method known per se such as adhesion culture, suspension culture, tissue culture, etc., except that the medium used contains human serum albumin. It is.
- the culture method can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. Examples of neural stem cell and / or neural progenitor cell adhesion culture methods include Flanagan LA et al., J Neurosci Res. 2006 Apr; 83 (5): 845-56, Conti L et al., PLoS Biology. 2005 Sep; 3 (9): e283.
- Neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells in suspension culture means culturing neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells in a non-adherent condition in a culture medium or a feeder cell (if used) in a medium.
- suspension culture methods of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells include the neurosphere method (Reynolds BA and Weiss S., Science, USA, 1992 Mar 27; 255 (5052): 1707-10), serum-free aggregated suspension. Examples thereof include a culture method (SFEB method, SFEBq method; Watanabe et al., Nature Neuroscience 8, 288-296 (2005)).
- the tissue culture of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells is a method of culturing a tissue containing neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells as a tissue piece such as a slice or the entire tissue.
- a tissue culture of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells O'Rourke NA et al., Science. 1992 Oct 9; 258 (5080): 299-302. , Komuro H et al., Science. 1992 Aug 7; 257 (5071): 806-9, and the like.
- neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells are preferably cultured in suspension in a medium containing human serum albumin.
- Neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells form spherical masses, so-called neurospheres, by suspension culture.
- the presence / absence and degree of proliferation of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells can be evaluated by measuring the size of the neurospheres formed or the number of cells constituting the neurospheres.
- the presence or absence of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells and the degree thereof can be evaluated by measuring the number of living cells using a cell staining reagent such as trypan blue.
- the culture vessel used for culturing neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells is not particularly limited as long as neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells can be cultured. Examples include flasks, dishes, petri dishes, tissue culture dishes, multi dishes, micro plates, micro well plates, multi plates, multi well plates, micro slides, chamber slides, petri dishes, tubes, trays, culture bags, and roller bottles. obtain.
- the incubator used for culturing neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells may be cell-adhesive or non-cell-adhesive, and is appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- an adhesive culture vessel in order to remove easily differentiated cells.
- an incubator is cell adhesiveness.
- the cell-adhesive incubator is coated with any cell-supporting substrate such as an extracellular matrix (ECM) or an artificial material that mimics their functions for the purpose of improving the adhesion with cells on the surface of the incubator. Can be.
- the cell support substrate can be any substance intended to adhere to stem cells or feeder cells (if used).
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited as long as a desired effect such as promotion of proliferation of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells and maintenance of undifferentiation can be achieved, but it is about 30 to 40 ° C., preferably about 37 ° C. is there.
- the CO 2 concentration is about 1-10%, preferably about 2-5%.
- the oxygen concentration is usually 1 to 40%, but is appropriately selected depending on the culture conditions.
- the present invention further comprises a culture composition comprising the above-described culture medium of the present invention and neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells.
- Product also referred to herein as the culture composition of the present invention.
- the culture composition includes a result obtained by culturing cells.
- the definition and embodiment of each term relating to the culture composition of the present invention are the same as those described above.
- the neural stem cell and / or neural progenitor cell in the culture composition of the present invention is a living and proliferating cell.
- the purity of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells in the culture composition of the present invention is usually 70% or more, preferably 80% or more, more Preferably it is 90% or more, More preferably, it is 99% or more, Most preferably, it is 100%.
- neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells are present in the medium of the present invention.
- the culture composition of the present invention is a suspension of neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells in the medium of the present invention.
- the culture composition of the present invention may be enclosed in a suitable container.
- the culture composition of the present invention can be provided in a cryopreserved state.
- the culture composition of the present invention can be stored frozen, and can be used after thawing and sleeping as needed.
- cryopreservation a cell cryopreservation method known per se can be used.
- cryopreservation there is a method in which dimethyl sulfoxide is added to the culture composition of the present invention and the culture composition of the present invention is stored under the conditions of ⁇ 80 to ⁇ 200 ° C., preferably ⁇ 196 ° C. (in liquid nitrogen). Can be mentioned.
- Example 1 Functional evaluation of human serum albumin (1) Induction of human pluripotent stem cells into neurospheres B27 supplement (1x; Life Technologies), bFGF (PeproTech Inc.), hLIF (Millipore), Y27632 (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) ) Medium Media mix (MHM) medium supplemented with i) cells, and iPS cells dispersed in single cells with TrypLE TM Select in the medium under conditions of 37 ° C., 5% CO 2 , 4% O 2 Suspension culture was performed. The medium was changed once every 7 days. After culture, neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells formed neurospheres, which are spherical cell clusters.
- MMM Medium Media mix
- TrypLE Select (Life Technologies) was used for passage of neurospheres.
- the medium was removed from the culture dish during neurosphere culture and replaced with TrypLE Select.
- Incubation was performed at 37 ° C. for 10 minutes in Tryp Select, and then pipetting was performed to obtain a single cell.
- the dispersed cells were seeded in the above medium so as to be 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells / mL, and cultured at 37 ° C. in a 5% CO 2 environment.
- Human serum albumin function evaluation The function of the culture medium was evaluated using the neurospheres cultured in (2).
- Media homone mix (MHM) medium (Life Technologies) supplemented with bFGF (final concentration 20 ng / mL) and hLIF (final concentration 10 ng / mL) was prepared as a test basal medium.
- Human serum albumin (Essentially Fatty Acid Free ( ⁇ 0.005%), Sigma Aldrich) was added to this test basal medium to final concentrations of 0.2, 1, and 2.1 mg / mL (human serum, respectively).
- Neurosphere culture was performed in a medium supplemented with albumin) or a medium without control (control medium) to evaluate the function of human serum albumin.
- the medium was changed once every seven days, and after culturing for 14 days, the morphology of the neurosphere formed under a microscope was observed.
- the results are shown in FIG. (In addition, before the start of the culture in (3), the medium used before the culture was diluted and sufficiently removed so as to suppress the carry-in of the medium used before the culture described in (3) as much as possible.)
- Neurospheres cultured in control medium lost the spherical morphology after 14 days of culture and showed a cell morphology with extended protrusions found in differentiated neurons.
- neurospheres cultured in a medium supplemented with 1 mg / mL human serum albumin and a medium supplemented with 2.1 mg / mL human serum albumin maintain a spherical shape even after 14 days of culture, and the neurospheres as compared to before culture.
- Neurospheres cultured in these media did not show the extended cell morphology of differentiated cells.
- Neurospheres cultured in 0.2 mg / mL human serum albumin-supplemented medium were observed to have elongated protrusions in some differentiated cells, but the number of protrusions was small compared to the control medium, and spherical A number of neurospheres maintaining their morphology were also observed.
- Example 2 Induction of differentiation into nerve cells It is demonstrated that neurospheres cultured in a medium supplemented with human serum albumin maintain properties as neural stem cells and / or neural progenitor cells.
- neurospheres derived from human pluripotent stem cells were cultured for 14 days in a medium supplemented with 2.1 mg / mL human serum albumin, followed by differentiation induction culture.
- the neurospheres cultured in a medium supplemented with human serum albumin were dispersed. TrypLE Select (Life Technologies) was used for the dispersion process. The medium was removed from the culture dish during neurosphere culture and replaced with TrypLE Select. Incubation was performed at 37 ° C.
- the cells cultured for differentiation induction contained many ⁇ III tubulin positive neurons. It has been shown that neurospheres cultured in a medium supplemented with human serum albumin can efficiently differentiate into neurons.
- Example 3 Functional evaluation of fatty acid The fatty acid was further added to the medium supplemented with human serum albumin for functional evaluation.
- the purpose of Example 3 is to confirm the action of human serum albumin with a large amount of fatty acid.
- a medium supplemented with 2.1 mg / mL human serum albumin was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a medium added with oleic acid (Tokyo Kasei Kogyo) to a final concentration of 20 ⁇ M and 60 ⁇ M, or a medium not added with oleic acid was prepared in this medium, and neurosphere culture was performed in these media. .
- a medium containing fatty acid and human serum albumin can also be prepared by mixing fatty acid with a human serum albumin solution having a predetermined concentration and adding the mixture to the medium.
- Almost all of oleic acid in the medium It is estimated that 100% is bound to HSA.
- the medium was changed once every seven days, and after culturing for 14 days, the morphology of the neurosphere formed under a microscope was observed. The results are shown in FIG. Neurospheres cultured in 20 ⁇ M oleic acid-added medium showed good neurosphere morphology similar to neurospheres cultured in medium without added fatty acids.
- many neurospheres cultured in a 60 ⁇ M oleic acid-added medium were confirmed to show the shape of black deformed spheres.
- Example 4 Human serum albumin function evaluation (1) Long-term self-renewing neuro epithelial-like stem cells (hereinafter referred to as LtNES cells) induction method EBs were formed from iPS cells, and E6 medium (Life Technologies or STEMCELL Technologies) was removed from the ascorbic acid composition. Culture was performed for 4 days in a medium supplemented with transferrin (final concentration 0.5-10 ⁇ g / mL) and ethanolamine (final concentration 5-50 ⁇ M). EB was seeded on a dish coated with poly-L-ornithine (PO) and cultured in the above medium for about 10 days, and it was confirmed that a Rosette-like structure was formed.
- LtNES cells Long-term self-renewing neuro epithelial-like stem cells
- the Rosette portion was cut out, and suspension culture was performed for about 7 days in the above medium as a neurosphere.
- Neurospheres were dispersed in trypsin / EDTA and cultured in the above medium on a PO / laminin-coated dish to prepare LtNES cells.
- LtNES cells are a mixture of neural stem cells and neural progenitor cells.
- E6 culture medium Essential 6 culture medium
- Life Technologies homepage ⁇ URL: http: // www. lifetechnologies. com / order / catalog / product / A1516401>, it is described that the preparation is based on E8 medium and does not contain bFGF and TGF ⁇ .
- the E8 medium (Essential 8 medium) is described in Nat Methods 2011 May; 8 (5): 424-429.
- the component of the said E6 culture medium is Stem Cells. 2014 Apr; 32 (4), 1032-42.
- E6 medium Human serum albumin function evaluation E6 medium (Life Technologies or STEMCELL Technologies) to a medium corresponding to the composition obtained by removing ascorbic acid and transferrin, transferrin (final concentration 0.5 to 10 ⁇ g / mL), ethanolamine (final concentration) 5-50 ⁇ M) and bFGF (final concentration 5-100 ng / mL) were added to prepare a test basal medium.
- a test medium was prepared by adding human serum-derived albumin (Sigma Aldrich) to the test basal medium so that the final concentrations were 0, 0.21, 1, and 2.1 mg / mL. Using each test medium, LtNES cells (1.5 ⁇ 10 5 cells) derived from human pluripotent stem cells were cultured.
- the cells were cultured in an incubator at 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2 atmosphere. The medium was changed once every two days and cultured for 4 to 5 days. After culturing, TrypLE Select was added instead of the test medium, and the cells were dispersed at 37 ° C. for 1 minute. After TrypLE Select was diluted with a medium, pipetting was performed to obtain a single cell, and the number of cells was counted and evaluated. The number of cells was measured with a hemocytometer after staining dead cells with trypan blue (Life Technologies). The results are shown in FIG. The number of cells increased most in the medium supplemented with 1 mg / mL human serum albumin, and the cells showed good growth in the medium supplemented with 0.21 and 2.1 mg / mL human serum albumin.
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION it becomes possible to promote cell proliferation, maintaining the undifferentiation property and multi-differentiation ability of a neural stem cell and / or a neural progenitor cell, and the human cost concerning neural stem cell and / or neural progenitor cell culture
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、ヒト血清アルブミンを含む、神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞増殖培地、及び当該培地を用いた神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞増殖方法等に関する。
非特許文献1には、神経幹細胞のインビトロでの培養方法として、ニューロスフィア(neurosphere)培養が記載されている。該文献では、上皮細胞成長因子(EGF)および塩基性線維芽細胞成長因子(bFGF)を含む無血清培地中で神経幹細胞を浮遊培養することにより、神経幹細胞の未分化状態を維持し複分化能を保持したまま増殖させることが可能であることが示されている。
上記の接着単層培養においては、神経幹細胞は対称分裂を行い、自己複製することが報告されており、ニューロスフィア培養と比較して均一な細胞集団を提供可能であるという利点を有する。
[1] ヒト血清アルブミンを含む神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞用培地。
[2] 神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞の未分化維持用である、上記[1]に記載の培地。
[3] 神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞の増殖促進用である、上記[1]又は[2]に記載の培地。
[4] 神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞の未分化維持かつ増殖促進用である、上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の培地。
[5] 神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞が多能性幹細胞由来である、上記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の培地。
[6] ヒト血清アルブミンがリコンビナントのヒト血清アルブミンである、上記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の培地。
[7] ヒト血清アルブミンがヒト血漿由来である、上記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の培地。
[8] 培地中に脂肪酸を含む、上記[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の培地。
[9] 培地中の脂肪酸量が50μM以下である、上記[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の培地。
[10] 培地中の脂肪酸量が20μM以下である、上記[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載の培地。
[11] 培地中のヒト血清アルブミン量が0.2mg/mL以上20mg/mL以下である、上記[1]~[10]のいずれかに記載の培地。
[12] 培地中のヒト血清アルブミン量が0.5mg/mL以上10mg/mL以下である、上記[1]~[11]のいずれかに記載の培地。
[13] 浮遊培養用である、上記[1]~[12]のいずれかに記載の培地。
[14] 無血清培地である、上記[1]~[13]のいずれかに記載の培地。
[15] 塩基性線維芽細胞増殖因子(bFGF)を含む、上記[1]~[14]のいずれかに記載の培地。
[16] 培地中のbFGF量が1ng/mL以上200ng/mL以下である、上記[15]に記載の培地。
[17] ヒト血清アルブミンを培地に添加することを特徴とする神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞を増殖させる方法。
[18] ヒト血清アルブミンを培地に添加することを特徴とする神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞の未分化維持方法。
[19] ヒト血清アルブミンを培地に添加することを特徴とする神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞を未分化維持させながら増殖促進する方法。
[20] 神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞が多能性幹細胞由来である、上記[17]~[19]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[21] ヒト血清アルブミンがリコンビナントのヒト血清アルブミンである、上記[17]~[20]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[22] ヒト血清アルブミンがヒト血漿由来である、上記[17]~[20]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[23] 培地に脂肪酸が含まれることを特徴とする、上記[17]~[22]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[24] 培地中の脂肪酸量が50μM以下である、上記[17]~[23]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[25] 培地中の脂肪酸量が20μM以下である、上記[17]~[24]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[26] 培地中のヒト血清アルブミン量が0.2mg/mL以上20mg/mL以下である、上記[17]~[25]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[27] 培地中のヒト血清アルブミン量が0.5mg/mL以上10mg/mL以下である、上記[17]~[26]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[28] 該培地中で神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞を浮遊培養することを特徴とする、上記[17]~[27]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[29] 上記[1]~[16]のいずれかに記載の培地並びに神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞を含んでなる培養組成物。
アルブミンとは、卵白、血清、乳汁などに含まれる凝固しやすいタンパク質の総称である。アルブミンは、弱酸性から弱アルカリ性溶液(希酸、水、希アルカリ)に可溶であるが、50%の硫酸アンモニウムで塩析されず、高濃度の硫酸アンモニウムで沈殿する。分子量数万以下(45,000程度)で多くの物は等電点pI4.5~6の球状タンパク質であることが知られている。代表的なものとしては、オボアルブミン、ラクトアルブミン、血清アルブミン、パルブアルブミンなどが挙げられる。
ヒト血清アルブミンの脂肪酸担持量の測定は、当分野で通常実施されている方法またはそれに準じた方法を用いて実施することができ、例えば、遊離脂肪酸をメチルエステル化後GC-MSによる検出や、赤外分光による定量に加えてDuncombeの抽出法、アシル-CoAシンセターゼ(ACS)とアシル-CoAオキシダーゼ(ACOD)を使用したACS-ACOD法などが挙げられる。いずれも測定キットとして市販されているものを利用することができる。本発明に使用するヒト血清アルブミンは、脂肪酸担持量が高いHSAを、例えばWO2014/192938等に記載の方法により、結合する脂肪酸量を上記範囲に低減させたものであってもよく、市販の脂肪酸フリーヒト血清アルブミン(例、Essentially fatty acid free(~0.005%)、Sigma Aldrich等)を用いてもよい。組成が不明確な脂肪酸の培地への混入を避けるという観点から、脂肪酸と結合したヒト血清アルブミンを使用する場合、ヒト血清アルブミンは、(1)脂肪酸担持量の低い(通常0.02%以下、好ましくは0.005%以下)ヒト血清アルブミン、(2)(1)のヒト血清アルブミンに組成が明確な脂肪酸(例えばリノール酸)を担持させたヒト血清アルブミンのいずれかを用いることが好ましい。
上記脂肪酸担持量の低いヒト血清アルブミンを用いた場合であっても、ヒト血清アルブミンは培地中の脂肪酸と結合し得るため、培地中のヒト血清アルブミンの脂肪酸担持量は上記の値から変化し得る。
糖化反応(メイラード反応)により形成される最終糖化生成物は種々の毒性があることが知られているため、ヒト血清アルブミンは、最終糖化生成物でないことが好ましい。
本発明に使用するヒト血清アルブミンは、単量体であってもよく、多量体を形成していても良い。好ましくは、ヒト血清アルブミンは単量体である。
ヒト血清アルブミンとしては、
1)上記ヒト血清アルブミンのアミノ配列において1若しくは数個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換若しくは付加されたアミノ酸配列からなり、かつ神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞の増殖促進するタンパク質、
2)上記ヒト血清アルブミンのアミノ配列において1若しくは数個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換若しくは付加されたアミノ酸配列からなり、かつ神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞の未分化維持効果を有するタンパク質、
などが含まれる。
上記タンパク質が神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞の増殖促進効果を有するか否かは、例えば、該タンパク質を添加した培地中又はタンパク質を添加していない培地中で、神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞を播種し、該培地中で14日間培養後の神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞の数を測定し比較することで判定できるが、これに限定されない。また、培養期間は13日以下、15日以上など適宜選択可能である。また、タンパク質が神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞の未分化維持効果を有するか否かは、例えば、該タンパク質を添加した培地中又はタンパク質を添加していない培地中で、神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞を播種し、該培地中で14日間培養後の神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞を後述の神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞マーカーで染色し、神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞マーカーで染色される細胞数を測定し比較することで判定できるが、これに限定されない。なお、上記タンパク質にはヒト血清アルブミンが含まれる。
本明細書中、神経幹細胞とは、神経系細胞(神経細胞及びグリア細胞(アストロサイト、オリゴデンドロサイトなど)、並びにそれらの前駆細胞)への複分化能(multipotency)を維持し、自己複製能を有する未分化な細胞を意味する。具体的には、神経幹細胞とは、神経細胞及びグリア細胞(アストロサイト、オリゴデンドロサイトなど)を最終的に生み出す能力を有し、かつ、初期化などの特別な操作を加えない限りにおいて、表皮系細胞、血球系細胞、筋肉細胞等の神経系以外の細胞を実質的に生み出さない細胞である。実質的に生み出さないとは、神経幹細胞の生み出す細胞のうち、90%以上が、神経細胞及びグリア細胞(アストロサイト、オリゴデンドロサイトなど)、並びにそれらの前駆細胞(神経幹細胞を含む)のいずれかである状態を指す。
多能性幹細胞由来の神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞は自体公知の方法により、入手できる。多能性幹細胞由来の神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞の作成方法としては、多能性幹細胞の浮遊培養を行い胚葉体形成を経由して神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞を形成させる方法(Bain Gら,Dev Biol.1995 Apr;168(2):342-57など)、ストローマ細胞等をフィーダー細胞として使い多能性幹細胞を培養する方法、bFGFを含む無血清培地中で多能性幹細胞を浮遊培養を行う方法(Watanabe Kら,Nat Neurosci.2005 Mar;8(3):288-96など)、SMADシグナル阻害剤Noggin及びSB431542の存在下で多能性幹細胞(ES細胞等)を接着培養する方法(Chambers SMら,Nat Biotechnol.2009 Mar;27(3):275-80)、単層培養した多能性幹細胞(ES細胞等)を、glycogen synthase kinase 3(GSK3)阻害剤、transforming growth factor β(TGF-β)阻害剤、Notchシグナル阻害剤存在下で培養する方法(Li Wら,Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.2011 May 17;108(20):8299-304)などが挙げられる。
好ましくは、本発明に用いられる神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞は、ES細胞又は人工多能性幹細胞由来であり、より好ましくは人工多能性幹細胞由来である。
また、神経幹細胞は、神経幹細胞で発現することが知られている遺伝子、その転写産物、タンパク質など(神経幹細胞マーカー)により確認することもできる。
神経幹細胞マーカーとしては、細胞骨格タンパク質であるネスチン(Nestin;Science,276,66(1997))、SOX1(SRY(sex determining region Y)-box1)、SOX2(SRY(sex determining region Y)-box2)、Pax6(paired box 6)、Ki67、増殖細胞核抗原(PCNA)、脂肪酸結合タンパク質7(Fabp7、BLBPともいう)などが知られており、当業者は、これらのマーカーを適宜組み合わせて所望の神経幹細胞であることを確認することができる。本発明に適した神経幹細胞としては、例えば、SOX2陽性かつネスチン陽性である細胞が挙げられるが、これに限定されない。
神経前駆細胞で発現する遺伝子としては、Tbr2(T-box brain protein 2)、MASH1(Mammalian achaete-scute homolog 1)、ネスチン等が挙げられる。本発明に適した神経前駆細胞としては、SOX2陰性かつネスチン陽性である細胞が挙げられるが、これに限定されない。
分化した神経細胞のマーカーの例としては、βIIIチューブリン、MAP2(microtubule-associated protein)等が挙げられる。
本明細書中、神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞の分化が抑制されるとは、神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞が生み出す全細胞のうち、分化した細胞(例えば神経細胞)の占める割合が減少することを言う。分化の抑制は、神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞から神経細胞などへの分化抑制であってもよい。分化抑制されているか否かは、例えば、上述の分化マーカー(例えばβIIIチューブリン等の神経細胞マーカー)により確認することができる。
本発明の一実施形態として、本発明は、神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞の培養用の培地を提供する。本発明の培地は、神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞の未分化性及び複分化能を維持させ、増殖を促進させる効果を有する。本発明の一実施形態として、本発明の培地は、神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞の未分化維持用であり、神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞の増殖促進用であり、あるいは、神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞の未分化維持かつ増殖促進用である。
本発明の培地をヒト神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞に用いる場合、異種由来の成分の混入を避けるという観点から、ウシ血清アルブミン等のヒト以外の動物由来の血清アルブミンを含まないことが好ましい。
本発明の培地がヒト以外の動物由来のアルブミンを含む場合であっても、異種由来の成分の混入を避けるという観点から、その量は可能な限り低減されていることが好ましい。具体的には、本発明の培地中のヒト以外の動物由来のアルブミンの量は、通常1000ng/mL以下、好ましくは500ng/mL以下、より好ましくは100ng/mL以下、さらに好ましくは10ng/mL以下、さらにより好ましくは0ng/mLである。
本発明の培地は、必須アミノ酸(L-リジン、L-ロイシン、L-イソロイシン、L-トレオニン、L-バリン、L-フェニルアラニン、L-ヒスチジン、L-トリプトファン)を含む。本発明の培地は、好ましくは、L-セリン、L-シスチン、グリシン、L-システイン、L-プロリン、L-メチオニン、L-グルタミン酸、L-アスパラギン、L-アスパラギン酸及びL-アラニン、L-グルタミン、L-アルギニン、L-チロシンを含む。
本発明の培地は、イノシトール、塩化コリン、葉酸、D-パントテン酸カルシウム、チアミン(ビタミンB1)、ピリドキシン(ビタミンB6)、ナイアシンアミド、ビタミンB12、リボフラビン(ビタミンB2)、D-ビオチン、D-グルコース、ピルビン酸ナトリウム、ヒポキサンチン、チミジン、リポ酸、プトレシン塩酸塩から成る群より選択される培地添加物を1以上、好ましくは2以上、より好ましくは3以上、さらに好ましくは4以上含む。
本発明において培地中のbFGFの量の上限値は、所望の効果を達成し得る限り制限されないが、好ましくは1000ng/mL以下、より好ましくは500ng/mL以下、さらに好ましくは200ng/mL以下である。
本発明において培地中のbFGFの量の下限値は、所望の効果を達成し得る限り制限されないが、好ましくは0.1ng/mL以上、より好ましくは1ng/mL以上、さらに好ましくは10ng/mL以上である。
本発明において培地中のbFGFの量は、所望の効果を達成し得る限り制限されないが、好ましくは0.1ng/mL~1000ng/mL、より好ましくは1ng/mL~200ng/mL、さらに好ましくは10ng/mL~200ng/mLである。
一態様として、本発明の培地は、bFGF(終濃度10ng/mL~200ng/mL)を含む。
また、本発明の培地は、神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞の分化を促進させる効果を有する物質(本明細書中、神経分化促進物質ともいう)を実質的に含まないことが好ましい。
神経分化促進物質の例としては、BDNF(Brain-derived neurotrophic factor)、GDNF(Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor)、cAMP(Cyclic adenosine monophosphate)、dbcAMP(dibutyryl cAMP)、DAPT(tert-butyl (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)acetyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-2-phenylacetate)、compound E(N-[(1S)-2-[[(3S)-2,3-Dihydro-1-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]amino]-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl]-3,5-difluorobenzeneacetamide)、SU5402(2-[(1,2-Dihydro-2-oxo-3H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl]-4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-propanoic acid)、SU6668(3-[2,4-dimethyl-5-[(E)-(2-oxo-1H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl]-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]propanoic acid; Orantinib; 3-[2, 4-dimethyl-5-[(E)-(2-oxo-1H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl]-1H-pyrrol-3-yl] propanoic acid)が挙げられる。
神経分化促進物質を実質的に含まないとは、神経分化促進物質が含まれていても神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞の分化を促進し得ない量であり、用いる神経分化促進物質の種類によって適宜設定される。
より好ましくは、本発明の培地に含まれる神経分化促進物質の濃度は、0μMである。
所望の効果を達成し得る限り限定されるものではないが、培地には通常リノール酸が使用されている。
本発明において、培地中の脂肪酸の量は、神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞の増殖促進及び未分化性の維持等の所望の効果を達成し得る限り、あるいは所望の効果に悪影響を及ぼさない限り特に限定されないが、50μM以下、好ましくは25μM以下、より好ましくは22μM以下、更に好ましくは20μM以下、更により好ましくは20μM未満である。脂肪酸の濃度が60μMの場合では、神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞のうち、その多数が通常よりも増殖能が低い黒色の異形スフィアを形成する細胞となる点で望ましくなく、培地中の脂肪酸の量は50μM以下が望ましく、量が少ないほど黒色の異形スフィアが形成されにくくなるので望ましい。
本発明の培地は、通常の基礎培地に含まれる程度の量の脂肪酸を含むことが好ましく、その量は、好ましくは0.01μM以上、より好ましくは0.05μM以上、さらに好ましくは0.1μM以上である。
本発明において培地中の脂肪酸濃度は、所望の効果を達成し得る限り制限されないが、好ましくは0.01μM~50μM、より好ましくは0.05μM~25μM、さらに好ましくは0.05μM~22μM、さらにより好ましくは0.1μM~22μM、最も好ましくは0.1μM~20μMである。
本発明の培地が脂肪酸と結合しているヒト血清アルブミンを含む場合、上記「培地中の脂肪酸の量」は、培地中の遊離脂肪酸の量に加え、ヒト血清アルブミンと結合している脂肪酸の量も含む。
脂肪酸と結合したヒト血清アルブミンを添加して本発明の培地を作製する場合、所望の培地脂肪酸量を達成できるよう、脂肪酸担持量が適切なヒト血清アルブミンを使用して本発明の培地を作製することが望ましい。
2種以上の脂肪酸が本発明の培地中に含まれている場合には、その合計量が上記範囲となるように設定されることが好ましい。
本発明の一実施形態として、本発明は、ヒト血清アルブミンを培地に添加することを特徴とする神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞の培養方法を提供する。当該方法は、神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞を増殖させ、未分化を維持する方法でもある。
神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞を4日以上続けて培養する場合、3日に一回、好ましくは2日に一回培地を交換することが好ましい。
また、接着培養により神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞を培養する場合においても、培養器は細胞接着性であることが好ましい。細胞接着性の培養器は、培養器の表面の細胞との接着性を向上させる目的で、細胞外マトリックス(ECM)等の任意の細胞支持用基質又はそれらの機能をミミックする人工物でコーティングされたものであり得る。細胞支持用基質は、幹細胞又はフィーダー細胞(用いられる場合)の接着を目的とする任意の物質であり得る。
本発明はさらに上記本発明の培地並びに神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞を含んでなる、培養組成物(本明細書中、本発明の培養組成物ともいう)を提供する。該培養組成物は、細胞を培養することにより得られる結果物を含む。本発明の培養組成物に関連する各用語の定義及び態様は、上記に記載したものと同一である。
(1)ヒト多能性幹細胞からニューロスフィアへの誘導
B27サプリメント(1x;Life Technologies)、bFGF(PeproTech inc.)、hLIF(Millipore)、Y27632(和光純薬工業)を添加したMedia hormone mix(MHM)培地を作成し、iPS細胞をTrypLETM Selectで単一細胞に分散したものを該培地中で、37℃、5% CO2、4%O2環境下で浮遊培養を行った。培地の交換は7日に一回、行った。培養後、神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞は球状の細胞塊であるニューロスフィアを形成した。
B27サプリメント(1x;Life Technologies)、bFGF(最終濃度20ng/mL;PeproTech inc.)、hLIF(最終濃度10ng/mL;Millipore)を添加したMedia hormone mix(MHM)培地(Life Technologies)を作成し、ヒト多能性幹細胞より誘導した神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞を該培地中で、37℃、5% CO2、4%O2環境下で浮遊培養を行った。培地の交換は7日に一回、行った。培養後、神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞は球状の細胞塊であるニューロスフィアを形成した。
(2)で培養したニューロスフィアを用いて培地の機能評価を行った。bFGF(最終濃度20ng/mL)、hLIF(最終濃度10ng/mL)を添加したMedia hormone mix(MHM)培地(Life Technologies)を作成し被検基礎培地とした。この被検基礎培地にヒト血清アルブミン(Essentially fatty acid free(~0.005%)、Sigma Aldrich)をそれぞれ最終濃度0.2、1、2.1mg/mLとなるように添加した培地(ヒト血清アルブミン添加培地)又は未添加な培地(コントロール培地)中でニューロスフィア培養を行い、ヒト血清アルブミンの機能評価を行った。7日に一度培地交換を行い、14日間培養後、顕微鏡下で形成されたニューロスフィアの形態の観察を行った。結果を図1に示す。(尚、(3)の培養開始前に、(3)に記載の培養前に用いた培地の持ち込みを極力抑えられるよう、培養前に用いた培地を希釈し十分に取り除いた。)
コントロール培地で培養したニューロスフィアは、14日間の培養後に、球状の形態を失い、分化した神経細胞に見られる突起の伸びた細胞形態を示した。一方、1mg/mLヒト血清アルブミン添加培地、2.1mg/mLヒト血清アルブミン添加培地中で培養したニューロスフィアは、14日間の培養後も球状の形態を維持し、培養前と比較してニューロスフィアが大きくなっていた。これらの培地中で培養したニューロスフィアでは分化した細胞に見られる突起の伸びた細胞形態は示さなかった。0.2mg/mLヒト血清アルブミン添加培地で培養したニューロスフィアは、一部において分化した細胞に見られる突起の伸びた細胞形態が観察されたが、コントロール培地と比較して突起の数が少なく球状形態を維持しているニューロスフィアも多数観察された。
この結果から、ヒト血清アルブミン濃度依存的なニューロスフィアの分化抑制傾向が示された。ヒト血清アルブミンの量が0.2mg/mL以上で球状形態を維持しているニューロスフィアが多数観察されるが、特にヒト血清アルブミン1mg/mL以上で良好なニューロスフィア像の形成が確認された。
ヒト血清アルブミン添加培地中で培養したニューロスフィアが神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞としての性質を維持していることを実証する。
実施例1と同様に、ヒト多能性幹細胞由来のニューロスフィアを2.1mg/mLヒト血清アルブミン添加培地中で14日間培養し、その後分化誘導培養を行った。分化誘導培養のため、ヒト血清アルブミン添加培地中で培養したニューロスフィアの分散処理を行った。分散処理には、TrypLE Select(Life Technologies)を用いた。ニューロスフィア培養中の培養皿から培地を除去し、TrypLE Selectに置き換えた。TrypLE Select内で37℃、10分間インキュベートを行い、その後ピペッティングを行って、単一の細胞とした。細胞数測定は、血球計算盤を用いて行った。分散させた細胞は、1.5x105cells/wellとなるようにポリ-L-オルニチン/フィブロネクチンでコートした48ウェルプレートに播種し、B27サプリメント(1x;Life Technologies)を添加したMedia hormone mix(MHM)(Life Technologies)培地中で20日間培養した。37℃、5%CO2環境下で培養を行い、培地交換は2日に一度行った。
培養後、細胞を固定し、神経細胞マーカーであるβIIIチューブリンに対する抗体を用いて免疫染色を行った。結果を図2に示す。
分化誘導培養した細胞は、βIIIチューブリン陽性の神経細胞を多数含んでいた。ヒト血清アルブミン添加培地中で培養したニューロスフィアは効率的に神経細胞に分化し得ることが示された。
ヒト血清アルブミン添加培地にさらに脂肪酸を添加し機能評価を行った。実施例3の目的は、脂肪酸担持量の多いヒト血清アルブミンの作用を確認することである。
実施例1と同様に2.1mg/mLヒト血清アルブミン添加培地を作成した。この培地に、それぞれ最終濃度20μM、60μMとなるようにオレイン酸(東京化成工業)を添加した培地、又はオレイン酸を添加していない培地を作成し、これらの培地中でニューロスフィア培養を行った。(尚、脂肪酸及びヒト血清アルブミンを含む培地は、脂肪酸をあらかじめ所定の濃度のヒト血清アルブミン溶液と混合し、該混合液を培地に添加することによっても作製できる。)培地中のオレイン酸のほぼ100%がHSAと結合していると見積もられる。7日に一度培地交換を行い、14日間培養後、顕微鏡下で形成されたニューロスフィアの形態の観察を行った。結果を図3に示す。
20μMオレイン酸添加培地中で培養したニューロスフィアは、脂肪酸を添加していない培地中で培養したニューロスフィアと同様の良好なニューロスフィアの形態を示した。一方、60μMオレイン酸添加培地中で培養したニューロスフィアでは、黒色の異形スフィアの形態を示すものが多数確認された。
(1)Long-term self-renewing neuro epithelial-like stem cells(以下LtNES細胞)誘導法
iPS細胞よりEBを形成し、E6培地(Life TechnologiesまたはSTEMCELL Technologies)からアスコルビン酸及びトランスフェリンを除いた組成に相当する培地にトランスフェリン(終濃度0.5~10μg/mL)、エタノールアミン(終濃度5~50μM)を添加した培地中にて、4日間培養した。ポリLオルニチン(PO)コートしたdishにEBを播種し、上記培地中で10日程度培養し、Rosette様の構造が形成されることを確認した。Rosette部分をくり抜き、ニューロスフィアとして上記培地中で浮遊培養を7日程度行った。ニューロスフィアをトリプシン/EDTAにて分散し、PO/ラミニンコートしたdish上で上記培地中にて培養し、LtNES細胞を作成した。LtNES細胞は、神経幹細胞及び神経前駆細胞が混在したものである。
なお、上記E6培地(Essential 6培地)については、Life Technologies社ホームページ<URL:http://www.lifetechnologies.com/order/catalog/product/A1516401>において、E8培地をベースとした製法で作られ、bFGFとTGFβを含まないことが記載されている。なお、E8培地(Essential 8培地)については、Nat Methods 2011 May;8(5):424-429に記載されている。
また、上記E6培地の成分は、Stem Cells.2014 Apr;32(4),1032-42の要約中にも記載されている。
E6培地(Life TechnologiesまたはSTEMCELL Technologies)からアスコルビン酸及びトランスフェリンを除いた組成に相当する培地に、トランスフェリン(終濃度0.5~10μg/mL)、エタノールアミン(終濃度5~50μM)、bFGF(終濃度5~100ng/mL)を添加して、被検基礎培地を作成した。
被検基礎培地に、ヒト血清由来アルブミン(Sigma Aldrich)を終濃度0、0.21、1、2.1mg/mLとなるように添加した被検培地を作成した。
各被検培地を用い、ヒト多能性幹細胞より誘導したLtNES細胞(1.5×105細胞)を培養した。細胞の培養は、37℃、5%CO2雰囲気下のインキュベーター内で行った。2日に一度培地交換を行い、4~5日間培養した。培養後、被検培地の代わりにTrypLE Selectを添加し、37℃、1分間インキュベートして細胞分散処理を行った。TrypLE Selectを培地で希釈後、ピペッティングを行い、単一の細胞とし、細胞数をカウントし、評価した。細胞数測定は、トリパンブルー(ライフテクノロジーズ社)による死細胞染色を行った上で、血球計算盤で行った。
結果を図4に示す。1mg/mLヒト血清アルブミン添加培地において細胞数が最も増加し、0.21、2.1mg/mLヒト血清アルブミン添加培地においても細胞は良好な増殖を示した。
Claims (29)
- ヒト血清アルブミンを含む神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞用培地。
- 神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞の未分化維持用である、請求項1に記載の培地。
- 神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞の増殖促進用である、請求項1又は2に記載の培地。
- 神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞の未分化維持かつ増殖促進用である、請求項1に記載の培地。
- 神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞が多能性幹細胞由来である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の培地。
- ヒト血清アルブミンがリコンビナントのヒト血清アルブミンである、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の培地。
- ヒト血清アルブミンがヒト血漿由来である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の培地。
- 培地中に脂肪酸を含む、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の培地。
- 培地中の脂肪酸量が50μM以下である、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の培地。
- 培地中の脂肪酸量が20μM以下である、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の培地。
- 培地中のヒト血清アルブミン量が0.2mg/mL以上20mg/mL以下である、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の培地。
- 培地中のヒト血清アルブミン量が0.5mg/mL以上10mg/mL以下である、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の培地。
- 浮遊培養用である、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の培地。
- 無血清培地である、請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の培地。
- 塩基性線維芽細胞増殖因子(bFGF)を含む、請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の培地。
- 培地中のbFGF量が1ng/mL以上200ng/mL以下である、請求項15に記載の培地。
- ヒト血清アルブミンを培地に添加することを特徴とする神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞を増殖させる方法。
- ヒト血清アルブミンを培地に添加することを特徴とする神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞の未分化維持方法。
- ヒト血清アルブミンを培地に添加することを特徴とする神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞を未分化維持させながら増殖促進する方法。
- 神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞が多能性幹細胞由来である、請求項17~19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ヒト血清アルブミンがリコンビナントのヒト血清アルブミンである、請求項17~20のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ヒト血清アルブミンがヒト血漿由来である、請求項17~20のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 培地に脂肪酸が含まれることを特徴とする、請求項17~22のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 培地中の脂肪酸量が50μM以下である、請求項17~23のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 培地中の脂肪酸量が20μM以下である、請求項17~24のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 培地中のヒト血清アルブミン量が0.2mg/mL以上20mg/mL以下である、請求項17~25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 培地中のヒト血清アルブミン量が0.5mg/mL以上10mg/mL以下である、請求項17~26のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 該培地中で神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞を浮遊培養することを特徴とする、請求項17~27のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1~16のいずれかに記載の培地並びに神経幹細胞及び/又は神経前駆細胞を含んでなる培養組成物。
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CN108070558B (zh) * | 2017-11-24 | 2022-01-28 | 吉林省拓华生物科技有限公司 | 一种临床级神经干细胞的制备方法 |
JP2021126066A (ja) * | 2020-02-12 | 2021-09-02 | 株式会社カネカ | 細胞凝集抑制剤 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20180016554A1 (en) | 2018-01-18 |
EP3279318A1 (en) | 2018-02-07 |
CN107429234A (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
JPWO2016159179A1 (ja) | 2018-01-25 |
SG11201707858TA (en) | 2017-10-30 |
EP3279318A4 (en) | 2018-08-29 |
JP6780638B2 (ja) | 2020-11-04 |
CA2981277A1 (en) | 2016-10-06 |
KR20170132281A (ko) | 2017-12-01 |
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