WO2014192938A1 - 幹細胞の培養用培地 - Google Patents
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- WO2014192938A1 WO2014192938A1 PCT/JP2014/064497 JP2014064497W WO2014192938A1 WO 2014192938 A1 WO2014192938 A1 WO 2014192938A1 JP 2014064497 W JP2014064497 W JP 2014064497W WO 2014192938 A1 WO2014192938 A1 WO 2014192938A1
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- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
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- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
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- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
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- C12N5/0603—Embryonic cells ; Embryoid bodies
- C12N5/0606—Pluripotent embryonic cells, e.g. embryonic stem cells [ES]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a medium for culturing stem cells, a method for producing the medium, and the like.
- stem cells embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), etc.
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- the xenogeneic component can be an infection source of blood-borne pathogens or a heterologous antigen.
- the culture results may vary due to differences between serum lots. Therefore, in recent years, it has become mainstream to culture stem cells using a chemically defined medium (chemically defined medium), and development of a serum-free medium has been promoted.
- Albumin is one of the most important components in serum-free media. By adding albumin, a stable maintenance effect of the medium performance can be expected.
- Several types of albumin are commercially available for cell culture. However, not all albumins have the same effect in cell culture, particularly stem cell culture, and the culture results are affected by the quality of albumin.
- Non-Patent Documents 1, 4, 5, and 6 activated carbon treatment, ion exchange, heat treatment, and the like are known as methods for purifying albumin.
- Non-Patent Documents 1, 4, 5, and 6 a report that palmitic acid induces apoptosis in mesenchymal stem cells (Non-patent Document 2), and addition of a substance that inhibits oleic acid synthase in iPS cells causes accumulation of palmitic acid, resulting in ER stress-apoptosis has been reported (Non-patent Document 3).
- Patent Document 1 describes that octanoic acid is used in the medium for stabilizing albumin, and that this octanoic acid is harmful to stem cell culture.
- octanoic acid is a medium-chain fatty acid.
- Patent Document 2 describes that fatty acid-free albumin is contained in a stem cell medium. This document does not describe how much fatty acid is enough to be removed from albumin in culturing stem cells, and uses commercially available bovine serum-derived albumin manufactured by Proliant as fatty acid-free albumin. Therefore, the complexity of removing fatty acids from albumin has not been studied.
- the present invention elucidates the mechanism of variation in culture results due to differences in the quality of albumin added to the medium, provides a medium for stem cell culture with better culture results, and provides a method for producing the culture medium
- a method for selecting albumin suitable for addition to a culture medium, a medium additive for stem cell culture, and a culture system capable of maintaining stem cells in an undifferentiated state The purpose is to provide.
- the present inventors have found that there is a correlation between the fatty acid carried by albumin added in the culture of stem cells and cell growth, and defatting with respect to albumin. It was confirmed that the culture results were improved by performing purification for the purpose of completing the present invention.
- the present invention is as follows.
- [1] A culture medium for culturing stem cells containing albumin with a reduced amount of fatty acid supported.
- [2] The medium according to [1], wherein the reduction in the amount of fatty acid supported is due to the defatty acid treatment.
- [3] The medium according to [2], wherein the fatty acid removal treatment is activated carbon treatment.
- [4] The medium according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the amount of fatty acid supported by albumin is 10 mg / g or less.
- [5] The medium according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the amount of fatty acid supported by albumin is 6 mg / g or less.
- the albumin is human serum-derived albumin.
- the stem cells are pluripotent stem cells.
- the pluripotent stem cell is an embryonic stem cell (ES cell) or an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS cell).
- a method for culturing a stem cell comprising a step of culturing in the medium according to any one of [1] to [12].
- the stem cell is a pluripotent stem cell.
- the pluripotent stem cell is an embryonic stem cell (ES cell) or an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS cell).
- ES cell embryonic stem cell
- iPS cell induced pluripotent stem cell
- a method for producing a medium for culturing stem cells comprising preparing albumin with a reduced amount of fatty acid supported by defatting albumin, and adding the prepared albumin to the medium.
- the fatty acid removal treatment is activated carbon treatment.
- the activated carbon treatment is performed using an activated carbon amount of 30 to 60% by weight per albumin weight.
- the activated carbon treatment is performed at a pH of 6.7 to 7.3.
- the activated carbon treatment is performed at a pH of 3.7 to 4.3.
- the pluripotent stem cell is an embryonic stem cell (ES cell) or an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS cell).
- a medium additive for culturing stem cells comprising albumin having a fatty acid loading of 0.1 mg / g to 0.65 mg / g.
- the medium additive according to [33], wherein the fatty acid is a long-chain fatty acid.
- the fatty acid is at least one selected from the group consisting of oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid.
- the pluripotent stem cell is an embryonic stem cell (ES cell) or an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS cell).
- ES cell embryonic stem cell
- iPS cell induced pluripotent stem cell
- a stem cell culture system comprising a step of culturing in a medium containing albumin having a reduced amount of fatty acid carried, such that the amount of fatty acid carried can maintain the stem cell in an undifferentiated state. Selected culture system.
- the stem cells are pluripotent stem cells.
- the pluripotent stem cell is an embryonic stem cell (ES cell) or an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS cell).
- stem cells can be grown while maintaining an undifferentiated state. Furthermore, if the culture medium of the present invention is used, stem cells can be efficiently propagated, so that the frequency of medium exchange during culture can be reduced, and the culture cost of stem cells can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 shows the results of culturing stem cells in a medium supplemented with albumin.
- the left figure shows an example of a culture dish labeled as “cultivation result +” in Table 1, and the right figure shows an example of a culture dish marked as “cultivation result ⁇ ”.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the results of measuring the number of viable cells when stem cells were cultured in a medium supplemented with albumin adsorbed with fatty acid.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the influence of human serum-derived albumin with different purification degrees on iPS cell proliferation.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the influence of human serum-derived albumin re-loaded with different types of fatty acids on iPS cell proliferation.
- stem cell means an immature cell having self-renewal ability and differentiation / proliferation ability.
- Stem cells include subpopulations such as pluripotent stem cells, multipotent stem cells, and unipotent stem cells, depending on differentiation ability.
- a pluripotent stem cell means a cell having an ability to differentiate into all tissues and cells constituting a living body.
- a multipotent stem cell means a cell having the ability to differentiate into multiple types of tissues and cells, although not all types.
- a unipotent stem cell means a cell having the ability to differentiate into a specific tissue or cell.
- pluripotent stem cells examples include embryonic stem cells (ES cells), embryonic germ cells (EG cells), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells). Preferred are embryonic stem cells (ES cells) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells). Stem cells established by culturing early embryos produced by nuclear transfer of somatic cell nuclei are also preferred as pluripotent stem cells (Nature, 385, 810 (1997); Science, 280, 1256 (1998) Nature Biotechnology, 17, 456 (1999); Nature, 394, 369 (1998); Nature Genetics, 22, 127 (1999); Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 14984 (1999); Nature Genetics, 24, 109 (2000)). In addition, pluripotent stem cells that are induced and selected by stress or stimulation on the cells can also be mentioned as examples of pluripotent stem cells.
- pluripotent stem cells that are induced and selected by stress or stimulation on the cells can also be mentioned as examples of pluripotent stem cells.
- multipotent stem cells examples include somatic stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, nervous system stem cells, bone marrow stem cells, and reproductive stem cells.
- the multipotent stem cell is preferably a mesenchymal stem cell, more preferably a bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell.
- a mesenchymal stem cell broadly means a population of stem cells or precursor cells thereof that can differentiate into all or some mesenchymal cells such as osteoblasts, chondroblasts, and lipoblasts.
- the basal medium used in the present invention may be any known per se and is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the proliferation of stem cells.
- the medium used in the present invention may contain additives known per se.
- the additive is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the proliferation of stem cells.
- growth factors such as insulin
- iron sources such as transferrin
- polyamines such as putrescine
- minerals such as sodium selenate) Etc.
- saccharides eg glucose etc.
- organic acids eg pyruvic acid, lactic acid etc.
- amino acids eg L-glutamine etc.
- reducing agents eg 2-mercaptoethanol etc.
- vitamins eg ascorbic acid, d- Biotin etc.
- steroids eg ⁇ -estradiol, progesterone etc.
- antibiotics eg streptomycin, penicillin, gentamicin etc.
- buffering agents eg HEPES etc.
- the medium used in the present invention may contain serum.
- the serum is not particularly limited as long as it is an animal-derived serum, as long as it does not inhibit the proliferation of stem cells, but is preferably a mammal-derived serum (eg, fetal bovine serum, human serum, etc.).
- the serum concentration may be within a concentration range known per se. However, since serum components are known to contain human ES cell differentiation factors and the like, and the culture results may vary due to differences between serum lots, the serum content is A lower value is preferable, and most preferably no serum is contained. Further, when the cultured stem cells are used for medical purposes, it is preferable that the xenogeneic component does not contain serum since it may become an infection source of a blood-borne pathogen or a heterologous antigen. When serum is not included, serum substitute additives (eg, Knockout Serum Replacement (KSR) (Invitrogen), Chemically-defined Lipid concentrated (Gibco), Glutamax (Gibco), etc.) may be used.
- the present invention provides a medium for culturing stem cells, characterized in that the fatty acid content is reduced (hereinafter also referred to as the medium of the present invention). 1. Medium of the present invention
- the medium of the present invention can be suitably used for the growth of any stem cell, but is preferably used for the growth of embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells.
- the medium of the present invention can be suitably used for the growth of stem cells derived from any animal.
- Stem cells that can be cultured using the medium of the present invention include, for example, rodents such as mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbit eyes such as rabbits, ungulates such as pigs, cows, goats, horses, sheep, Stem cells derived from cats such as dogs and cats, primates such as humans, monkeys, rhesus monkeys, marmosets, orangutans, chimpanzees, etc., preferably human-derived stem cells.
- the medium of the present invention is characterized in that the fatty acid content is reduced.
- the culture medium of the present invention is characterized by containing albumin with a reduced amount of fatty acid.
- the albumin used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is used for cell culture. If the amount of fatty acid supported is already reduced, the amount of fatty acid supported is not reduced. For example, it is added to the medium after defatting treatment.
- subjecting albumin to defatting treatment may be expressed as “purifying” albumin.
- fatty acids include saturated fatty acids having 8 to 20 carbon atoms (for example, palmitic acid and stearic acid) and unsaturated fatty acids having 16 to 20 carbon atoms (for example, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid). It is done.
- long chain fatty acid means a fatty acid having 12 or more carbon atoms.
- the long-chain fatty acid to be reduced in the medium of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a long-chain fatty acid having a stem cell growth inhibitory action, but specific examples of the long-chain fatty acid to be reduced include oleic acid, stearic acid, Palmitic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid are mentioned, and examples of preferred long chain fatty acids to be reduced include stearic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid.
- albumin examples include naturally-derived albumin such as ovalbumin, porcine-derived albumin, bovine-derived albumin, and human-derived albumin, and bovine-type, porcine-type or human-type albumin.
- serum-derived albumin and human-type recombinant albumin can be preferably exemplified.
- albumin derived from human serum is particularly suitable.
- Albumin is a protein having a high ability to bind to various substances, and binds to trace elements such as calcium and zinc, fatty acids, enzymes, hormones and the like.
- serum-derived albumin is bound to various substances contained in serum, and in the case of fatty acids, one albumin molecule usually has the ability to bind to two fatty acid molecules.
- the defatty acid treatment of albumin is not particularly limited as long as it can reduce the amount of albumin fatty acid carried, activated carbon treatment (Non-Patent Document 1), ion exchange treatment (Non-Patent Documents 4 and 5), and heat treatment. (Non-patent Document 6) and the like are mentioned, and activated carbon treatment is preferred from the viewpoint of economy and convenience.
- the measurement of the amount of fatty acid supported by albumin can be carried out using a method commonly used in the art or a method similar thereto, for example, detection of free fatty acid after methyl esterification by GC-MS, infrared
- the Duncombe extraction method the ACS-ACOD method using acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACOD), and the like can be mentioned. Any of those commercially available as measurement kits can be used.
- the activated carbon treatment may be performed under any conditions as long as a desired effect can be obtained.
- the activated carbon treatment is performed at 30 to 60% by weight, preferably 40 to 50% by weight based on the weight of albumin. This can be done using the amount of activated carbon.
- the pH during the activated carbon treatment is not particularly limited as long as a desired effect can be obtained, but the pH is 3 to 8, preferably 3.7 to 7.3, more preferably 3.7 to 4.3 or Examples are 6.7 to 7.3.
- the defatty acid treatment of albumin can also be suitably performed by performing ion exchange chromatography.
- an albumin solution is dialyzed against a 40 ⁇ mM sodium phosphate buffer adjusted to a pH close to neutral, and this is preliminarily equilibrated with the same buffer for anion exchange chromatography.
- Load a column eg, DEAE Sepharose FF (GE Healthcare Japan)
- the linear concentration gradient at a volume 10 times the column volume of 80 ⁇ mM sodium phosphate adjusted to a pH close to neutral.
- bonded with a fatty acid can be mentioned by providing.
- the amount of fatty acid supported by albumin used in the present invention is reduced to such an extent that stem cells can be favorably grown.
- a fatty acid carrying amount of albumin that has not been subjected to defatting treatment a fatty acid carrying amount of about 14 mg / g is exemplified.
- the reduction of the amount of fatty acid supported by albumin used in the present invention is preferably carried out so that the amount of fatty acid supported is 10 mg / g or less, more preferably 6 mg / g or less, and more preferably substantially no fatty acid is supported.
- “substantially does not carry fatty acid” means that the albumin has no fatty acid bound or is bound to the measurement method or measurement kit used to measure the amount of fatty acid loaded. Means less than the limit.
- the total amount is preferably reduced so as to fall within the above range.
- the fatty acid loading of albumin used in the medium of the present invention is 10 mg / g or less, more preferably 6 mg / g or less, and may be 0.1 mg / g or more.
- the amount of fatty acid supported can be 0.1 mg / g to 0.8 mg / g, preferably 0.1 mg / g to 0.65 mg / g, or 0.2 mg / g to 0.8 mg. / G, more preferably 0.2 mg / g to 0.65 mg / g, most preferably 0.29 mg / g to 0.65 mg / g.
- the fatty acid carrying amount is, for example, the fatty acid carrying amount of albumin that can be achieved by performing a defatty acid treatment of albumin by a simple method such as activated carbon treatment, and the fatty acid carrying amount is within the above range.
- the amount of fatty acid supported within this range can be suitably employed for simple mass production of the culture medium of the present invention.
- the desired effect can be obtained even when the amount of fatty acid supported on albumin is less than 0.1 mg / g, but in order to reduce the amount of supported fatty acid below 0.1 mg / g, for example, a method such as ion exchange chromatography Further, it is necessary to carry out a defatty acid treatment, and time, labor, cost, etc. are required as compared with a simple method such as activated carbon treatment. Therefore, when the amount of albumin fatty acid supported is less than 0.1 mg / g, it is disadvantageous for mass production of the medium of the present invention at an industrial level. When two or more fatty acids are bound to albumin, the total amount is preferably reduced so as to fall within the above range.
- the amount of albumin with a reduced amount of fatty acid added to the medium is not particularly limited as long as it can be normally added to the cell culture medium, but the final concentration is 0 to 50 mg / mL, preferably 0. 0.01 to 30 mg / mL, more preferably 0.05 to 10 mg / mL, and still more preferably 0.5 to 5 mg / mL, added to the basal medium for stem cell culture.
- the medium of the present invention has a reduced fatty acid content as a whole medium.
- the fatty acid content is reduced as a whole medium means that the amount of free fatty acid is also reduced in addition to the reduction in the amount of fatty acid bound to albumin.
- the amount of fatty acid bound to albumin is reduced.
- the fatty acid content in the medium is preferably 60 ⁇ M or less, more preferably 30 ⁇ M or less, even more preferably 10 ⁇ M or less, and even more preferably 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 ⁇ M or less. Most preferably, the concentration does not significantly affect the fatty acid concentration contained in the basal medium for stem cell culture.
- the fatty acid concentration contained in the basal medium for stem cell culture is, for example, about 0.3 ⁇ M and 0.15 ⁇ M in commercially available Ham's Medium F-12 and DMEM / Ham's Medium F-12.
- the fact that it does not have a great effect is that the concentration change is within 10 times from the fatty acid concentration contained in the basal medium for stem cell culture. That is, fatty acids of 0 ⁇ M or more, concentrations exceeding 0 ⁇ M, 0.15 ⁇ M or more, 0.3 ⁇ M or more, 0.5 ⁇ M or more are included within a range not exceeding 10 times the fatty acid concentration contained in the basal medium for stem cell culture. Is acceptable.
- the fatty acid content can be measured according to the above-described method for measuring the amount of fatty acid bound to albumin, and a measurement kit is also commercially available.
- a measurement kit is also commercially available.
- two or more kinds of fatty acids are contained in the culture medium, it is preferable to reduce the total amount to be in the above range.
- fatty acids include saturated fatty acids having 8 to 20 carbon atoms (for example, palmitic acid and stearic acid) and unsaturated fatty acids having 16 to 20 carbon atoms (for example, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid). It is done.
- the fatty acids to be reduced are long-chain fatty acids (fatty acids having 12 or more carbon atoms). Specific examples thereof include oleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid, and preferred specific examples include stearic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid. It is done.
- a culture medium for stem cell culture in which the amount of fatty acid supported per gram of albumin is 0.1 mg to 0.65 mg, is preferable. Further, a medium for culturing stem cells in which the content of fatty acid in the medium is 60 ⁇ M or less is preferable.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a culture medium for stem cells, characterized in that the fatty acid content is reduced (hereinafter also referred to as the production method of the present invention).
- the production method of the present invention comprises preparing albumin with a reduced amount of fatty acid supported by defatting albumin (step 1), and adding the prepared albumin to the medium.
- Step 2) Method.
- Step 1) Step of preparing albumin with a reduced amount of fatty acid supported by defatting albumin
- the method can be carried out according to the above-mentioned section of “Medium of the present invention”.
- human-derived serum albumin and rHSA were subjected to defatty acid treatment (preferably activated carbon treatment) such as activated carbon treatment, ion exchange treatment, and heat treatment, and the amount of fatty acid carried was reduced (preferably the amount of fatty acid carried was 10 mg. / G or less, more preferably 6 mg / g or less, and more preferably, substantially no fatty acid is supported) albumin.
- defatty acid treatment preferably activated carbon treatment
- the amount of fatty acid carried was reduced (preferably the amount of fatty acid carried was 10 mg. / G or less, more preferably 6 mg / g or less, and more preferably, substantially no fatty acid is supported) albumin.
- Confirmation that the amount of fatty acid carried has been reduced can be carried out by measuring the amount of fatty acid bound to albumin using a method commonly practiced in the art or a method analogous thereto. What is marketed as a kit can be utilized.
- the amount of fatty acid supported by albumin is 10 mg / g or less, more preferably 6 mg / g or less, and may be 0.1 mg / g or more.
- the amount of fatty acid supported can be 0.1 mg / g to 0.8 mg / g, preferably 0.1 mg / g to 0.65 mg / g, or 0.2 mg / g to 0.8 mg. / G, more preferably 0.2 mg / g to 0.65 mg / g, most preferably 0.29 mg / g to 0.65 mg / g.
- Step 2 A step of adding albumin obtained by the above step 1 and having a reduced amount of fatty acid carried to the medium.
- the step can be carried out according to the above-mentioned section of the “medium of the present invention”.
- Albumin with a reduced amount of fatty acid loaded is added to the medium (basic medium) at a final concentration of 0 to 50 mg / mL, preferably 0.01 to 30 mg / mL, more preferably 0.05 to 10 mg / mL, and even more preferably 0. Add to 5-5 mg / mL.
- the basal medium those exemplified in the above-mentioned section “Medium of the present invention” can be used similarly.
- a culture medium for stem cell culture can be produced.
- the present invention provides a method for selecting albumin suitable for addition to a medium (hereinafter also referred to as the selection method of the present invention). 3. Selection Method of the Present Invention
- the selection method of the present invention measures the amount of fatty acid carried by albumin as a candidate for addition to a culture medium (step 1), and selects albumin with a reduced amount of fatty acid carried (step). 2) Method. (Step 1) Step of measuring the amount of fatty acid supported by albumin The step can be carried out in accordance with the above-mentioned section “Medium of the present invention”.
- ACS acyl-CoA synthetase
- ACOD acyl-CoA oxidase
- Step 2 Step of selecting albumin with a reduced amount of fatty acid supported Step of selecting albumin with a reduced amount of fatty acid based on the measurement result obtained in step 1 above.
- the “albumin having a reduced amount of fatty acid” preferably includes albumin having a fatty acid amount of 10 mg / g or less, more preferably 6 mg / g or less, and even more preferably substantially no fatty acid.
- the amount of fatty acid supported by albumin is 10 mg / g or less, more preferably 6 mg / g or less, and may be 0.1 mg / g or more.
- the amount of fatty acid supported can be 0.1 mg / g to 0.8 mg / g, preferably 0.1 mg / g to 0.65 mg / g, or 0.2 mg / g to 0.8 mg. / G, more preferably 0.2 mg / g to 0.65 mg / g, most preferably 0.29 mg / g to 0.65 mg / g.
- the thus selected “albumin having a reduced amount of fatty acid” is suitably added to the medium for stem cell culture.
- the present invention provides a method for culturing stem cells (hereinafter also referred to as the culture method of the present invention). 4).
- Culture method of the present invention The culture method of the present invention includes a step of culturing stem cells in the medium of the present invention.
- the incubator used for stem cell culture is not particularly limited as long as stem cells can be cultured. Flask, tissue culture flask, dish, petri dish, tissue culture dish, multi-dish, microplate, microwell Plates, multiplates, multiwell plates, microslides, chamber slides, petri dishes, tubes, trays, culture bags, and roller bottles may be mentioned.
- the incubator may be cell-adhesive or non-cell-adhesive and is appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- the cell-adhesive incubator can be coated with any cell-supporting substrate such as an extracellular matrix (ECM) for the purpose of improving adhesion with cells on the surface of the incubator.
- ECM extracellular matrix
- the cell support substrate can be any substance intended to adhere to stem cells or feeder cells (if used).
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited, but may be about 30-40 ° C., preferably about 37 ° C.
- the CO 2 concentration can be about 1-10%, preferably about 2-5%.
- the oxygen partial pressure can be 1-10%. 5. Additive of the present invention
- the present invention also provides a medium additive for culturing stem cells containing albumin with a reduced amount of fatty acid carried (sometimes referred to herein as “the additive of the present invention”).
- the amount of fatty acid supported by albumin contained in the additive of the present invention is 10 mg / g or less, more preferably 6 mg / g or less, and still more preferably albumin that does not substantially support fatty acid.
- the amount of fatty acid supported by albumin is 10 mg / g or less, more preferably 6 mg / g or less, and may be 0.1 mg / g or more.
- the amount of fatty acid supported can be 0.1 mg / g to 0.8 mg / g, preferably 0.1 mg / g to 0.65 mg / g, or 0.2 mg / g to 0.8 mg. / G, more preferably 0.2 mg / g to 0.65 mg / g, most preferably 0.29 mg / g to 0.65 mg / g.
- the additive of the present invention can further contain additives other than albumin as long as the desired effect is not impaired.
- the additive is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the proliferation of stem cells, but for example, growth factors (such as insulin), iron sources (such as transferrin), polyamines (such as putrescine), minerals (such as selenate) Sodium, etc.), saccharides (eg, glucose, etc.), organic acids (eg, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, etc.), amino acids (eg, L-glutamine, etc.), reducing agents (eg, 2-mercaptoethanol, etc.), vitamins (eg, ascorbic acid, d -Biotin etc.), steroids (eg ⁇ -estradiol, progesterone etc.), antibiotics (eg streptomycin, penicillin, gentamicin etc.), buffering agents (eg HEPES etc.) and the like.
- the additive conventionally used for the culture of the stem cell can also be included suitably.
- the additive of the present invention may be in any dosage form as long as a desired effect is obtained, and examples thereof include solutions, solids, and powders. When it is in a solid or powder form, it can be used after being dissolved to a desired concentration using an appropriate buffer or the like.
- the content of albumin having a reduced amount of fatty acid in the additive of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the desired effect can be obtained.
- 0.05 to 250 mg / mL preferably 0.05 to 150 mg / mL, more preferably 0.25 to 50 mg / mL, still more preferably 2.5 to 25 mg / mL.
- the additive has a final albumin concentration in the medium of 0.01 to 50 mg / mL, preferably 0.01 to 30 mg / mL, more preferably 0.05 to 10 mg / mL, still more preferably 0.5 to 5 mg. / ML so that it can be suitably used for culturing stem cells.
- the present invention is a stem cell culture system including a step of culturing in a medium containing albumin having a reduced amount of fatty acid supported, and the amount of fatty acid supported can maintain the stem cell in an undifferentiated state.
- a culture system selected in this manner (which may be referred to herein as "the culture system of the invention").
- “Selecting so that stem cells can be maintained in an undifferentiated state” means selecting a fatty acid carrying amount within a range in which the stem cells can proliferate in an undifferentiated state.
- the proportion of differentiated cells does not increase during the culture period, and the stem cells are cultured in a state where the proportion is maintained at most within about 10%, more preferably.
- the fatty acid carrying amount can be selected within a range in which the stem cells are cultured in an undifferentiated state and the undifferentiated cells can proliferate without substantially mixing the differentiated cells.
- the undifferentiated state of the stem cells can be confirmed by a method known per se.
- Examples thereof include confirmation by alkaline phosphatase staining, confirmation of the undifferentiated marker protein positive rate by FACS, confirmation of colonies by a microscope, and the like.
- a cell that is determined not to be in an undifferentiated state by the method can be recognized as a differentiated cell.
- the fatty acid carrying amount of albumin used in the culture system of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is reduced to the fatty acid carrying amount selected so that the stem cells can be maintained in an undifferentiated state.
- albumin is 10 mg / g or less, more preferably 6 mg / g or less, and still more preferably albumin substantially not carrying a fatty acid.
- the amount of fatty acid supported by albumin is 10 mg / g or less, more preferably 6 mg / g or less, and may be 0.1 mg / g or more.
- the amount of fatty acid supported can be 0.1 mg / g to 0.8 mg / g, preferably 0.1 mg / g to 0.65 mg / g, or 0.2 mg / g to 0.8 mg. / G, more preferably 0.2 mg / g to 0.65 mg / g, most preferably 0.29 mg / g to 0.65 mg / g.
- the fatty acids that can be reduced in the culture system of the present invention are based on the above, and the definition of the stem cells in the culture system of the present invention is also based on the above.
- the filtered solution was diluted 100 times, and the absorbance was measured at wavelengths of 260 nm, 280 nm, and 320 nm using a UV absorption measuring device UV1800 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, and the concentration was calculated using the formula (A280-A320) /0.55 ⁇ 100. did.
- iPS cells induced pluripotent stem cells
- 201B7 strain purchased from iPS Academia Japan was used as the iPS cell.
- Cell culture a culture vessel coated with basement membrane matrix with (Nippon Becton Dickinson, Falcon culture dishes or Falcon culture plate) was carried out under the conditions of 5% CO 2/37 °C.
- Various test compounds are present in a medium having an “E8” composition (disclosed in Nature Methods, 2011, 8, 424-429) which is considered to be the minimum composition for culturing human pluripotent stem cells. The effect was examined by adding it at a concentration of and using it for culture.
- the sample was dissolved in 2-propanol, and the amount of fatty acid was determined in terms of oleic acid by a calibration curve method using a fatty acid amount measurement kit (Lab Assay TM NEFA, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.).
- a fatty acid amount measurement kit (Lab Assay TM NEFA, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.).
- SH900 manufactured by Corona Electric Co. was used.
- Example 1 Effect of various albumins on cell culture Human serum-derived albumin was added to the medium at a final concentration of 2.6 g / L, and the culture results of each albumin were compared.
- Several albumins were subjected to purification treatment (defatty acid treatment) for the purpose of removing lipids. The culture period was 1 week.
- a single cell was seeded with 13,000 live cells per well of a 6-well plate.
- As a basement membrane matrix 5 ⁇ g per well of a fragment containing the active domain of laminin 511 purchased from Osaka University was coated.
- Y-27632 was added to the medium used at the time of seeding (final concentration 10 ⁇ M, Nacalai Tesque: 08945-84).
- FIG. 1 shows a state after culturing when “+” or “ ⁇ ” is written in the column of the culture results.
- albumin obtained from Nova Biologics, Sigma, and Biocell Laboratories was added to the medium, the cells did not grow except for a part.
- Example 2 Effect of fatty acid re-addition to purified human serum-derived albumin (fatty acid addition) 12.6 ⁇ l of oleic acid was placed in a 15 ml falcon tube and a solution of purified human serum albumin B (5.9 ml, 8.8%) was added. The solution was shaken at 37 ° C. for 3 hours, allowed to cool, and then filtered through a 0.22 ⁇ m syringe filter. Thus, albumin on which oleic acid was adsorbed was obtained. Experiments were performed using a medium in which the obtained albumin adsorbed with oleic acid was added at a final concentration of 2.6 g / L (the concentration of oleic acid in the medium was 196 ⁇ M).
- a solution or powder corresponding to 10 mg of albumin was prepared to 200 ⁇ l using 1% saline, and 400 ⁇ l of methanol and 200 ⁇ l of chloroform were added and shaken for 10 minutes. After adding 200 ⁇ l of chloroform and 200 ⁇ l of 1% saline, the mixture was shaken for 10 minutes, and then centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 2 minutes to separate the lower layer. The solvent of the obtained chloroform layer was dried and used as an assay sample.
- the sample was dissolved in 2-propanol, and the amount of fatty acid was determined in terms of oleic acid by a calibration curve method using a fatty acid amount measurement kit (Lab Assay TM NEFA, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). For the measurement of absorbance, SH900 manufactured by Corona Electric Co. was used. Table 2 shows the added fatty acid in the medium, the added concentration of the fatty acid, and the fatty acid content per 1 g of albumin (fatty acid carrying amount).
- Cell evaluation Stem cells were cultured using a medium to which albumin adsorbed with fatty acid was added at a concentration shown in Table 2. The culture period was 1 week. A single cell was seeded with 13,000 live cells per well of a 6-well plate. As a basement membrane matrix, 5 ⁇ g per well of a fragment containing the active domain of laminin 511 purchased from Osaka University was coated. Y-27632 was added to the medium used at the time of seeding (final concentration 10 ⁇ M). On the following day, the cells were cultured in a medium not added with Y-27632. Cells were detached from each well with Triple Select (Life Technologies: 12563-011), and the number of viable cells in the wells was measured. The result is shown in FIG.
- Example 3 Effect of albumin derived from human serum with different degrees of purification on iPS cells (FIG. 3) Human serum albumin having the following five purity levels was prepared.
- Each group of human serum albumin was added to the medium at a final concentration of 2.6 g / L, and iPS cells were cultured.
- a 6-well plate coated with 5 ⁇ g / well of a fragment containing the active domain of laminin 511 (iMatrix-511 (Nippi Co., Ltd.)) as a basement membrane matrix was used, and 13,000 iPS cells per well were used as a single cell. Seeding and culturing for 1 week.
- Y-27632 (Nacalai Tesque: 08945-84) at a final concentration of 10 ⁇ M was added only to the medium used at the time of seeding. Cells were detached from each well with Triple Select (Life Technologies: 12563-011), and the number of viable cells was counted.
- FIG. 3 shows the average values of three independent experiments for each group.
- the number of viable iPS cells when cultured for 1 week by the main culture method is about 3.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells or more.
- the groups (I) to (III) good cell proliferation was observed, and all of the cells exceeded 3.0 ⁇ 10 5 .
- the (IV) and (V) groups a clear growth inhibitory effect was observed. From this, it was revealed that iPS cells can proliferate satisfactorily at least when the amount of fatty acid supported by albumin is 0.65 mg / g or less.
- the culture was further continued for one week after the above culture, and the differentiation rate was examined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining.
- the differentiation rate (%) was calculated as ALP negative colony count / total colony count ⁇ 100 in each well.
- the differentiation rates of the groups (I), (II), and (III) were 0.4%, 1.5%, and 2.6%, respectively. These values can be said to be sufficiently low values, and it has become clear that all conditions are suitable for growing while maintaining the undifferentiated state of iPS cells. Similar results were obtained in the observation of colonies with a microscope, and it was confirmed that the higher the degree of purification of albumin, the higher the undifferentiated state of iPS cells can be maintained.
- Example 4 Effect of Albumin from Purified Human Serum Reloaded with Seven Fatty Acids (FIG. 4) 18.3 ⁇ L of octanoic acid was placed in a 50 mL Falcon tube, and defatty acid-treated human serum albumin B solution (15 mL, 10%, Sigma) was added. The solution was shaken at 37 ° C. for 7 hours, allowed to stand at 4 ° C. overnight, and then filtered through a 0.22 ⁇ m syringe filter. Thus, albumin on which octanoic acid was re-adsorbed was obtained.
- the amount of fatty acid supported by the albumin on which the octanoic acid was re-adsorbed was measured, and the final octanoic acid concentration in the medium was 28 ⁇ M or 57 ⁇ M.
- the mixture was appropriately mixed while adjusting the ratio so that The albumin was added so that the final concentration of albumin was 2.6 g / L.
- oleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid fatty acids were again adsorbed by the same procedure. The same applies to the final concentration and added amount in the medium.
- the influence of each fatty acid on the proliferation of iPS cells was examined.
- a 6-well plate coated with 5 ⁇ g / well of a fragment containing the active domain of laminin 511 (iMatrix-511 (Nippi Co., Ltd.)) as a basement membrane matrix was used, and 13,000 iPS cells per well were used as a single cell. Seeding and culturing for 1 week. Y-27632 (Nacalai Tesque: 08945-84) at a final concentration of 10 ⁇ M was added only to the medium used at the time of seeding. As a positive control, iPS cells were cultured using albumin in which fatty acid was not re-adsorbed, that is, albumin subjected to defatting treatment.
- FIG. 4 shows the average values of three independent experiments for each group.
- stearic acid, palmitic acid, and arachidonic acid were adsorbed again, cells were killed at both 28 ⁇ M and 57 ⁇ M, and viable cells could not be obtained.
- Linoleic acid and linolenic acid also had a strong inhibitory effect on iPS cell growth.
- 57 ⁇ M re-adsorbed the cells died, and even with 28 ⁇ M re-adsorption, iPS cell proliferation was significantly suppressed compared to the positive control.
- stem cells can be grown while maintaining an undifferentiated state. Furthermore, if the culture medium of the present invention is used, stem cells can be efficiently propagated, so that the frequency of medium exchange during culture can be reduced, and the culture cost of stem cells can be reduced.
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Abstract
Description
[1]脂肪酸担持量が低減されたアルブミンを含有してなる幹細胞の培養用培地。
[2]脂肪酸担持量の低減が脱脂肪酸処理によるものである、[1]記載の培地。
[3]脱脂肪酸処理が活性炭処理である、[2]記載の培地。
[4]アルブミンの脂肪酸担持量が10mg/g以下である、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の培地。
[5]アルブミンの脂肪酸担持量が6mg/g以下である、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の培地。
[6]アルブミンの脂肪酸担持量が0.1mg/g~0.65mg/gである、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の培地。
[7]培地中の脂肪酸含有量が60μM以下である、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の培地。
[8]アルブミン1g当たりの脂肪酸担持量が0.1mg~0.65mgである、幹細胞の培養用培地。
[9]培地中の脂肪酸含有量が60μM以下である、[8]に記載の培地。
[10]脂肪酸が長鎖脂肪酸である、[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載の培地。
[11]脂肪酸が、オレイン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸及びアラキドン酸からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載の培地。
[12]アルブミンがヒト血清由来アルブミンである、[1]~[11]のいずれかに記載の培地。
[13]幹細胞が多能性幹細胞である、[1]~[12]のいずれかに記載の培地。
[14]多能性幹細胞が胚性幹細胞(ES細胞)又は人工多能性幹細胞(iPS細胞)である、[13]記載の培地。
[15][1]~[12]のいずれかに記載の培地で培養する工程を含む、幹細胞の培養方法。
[16]幹細胞が多能性幹細胞である、[15]記載の方法。
[17]多能性幹細胞が、胚性幹細胞(ES細胞)又は人工多能性幹細胞(iPS細胞)である、[16]記載の方法。
[18]脂肪酸担持量を測定し、脂肪酸担持量が低減されたアルブミンを選抜する工程を含む、培地への添加に適したアルブミンを選択する方法。
[19]アルブミンを脱脂肪酸処理して脂肪酸担持量が低減されたアルブミンを調製し、該調製されたアルブミンを培地に添加することを特徴とする、幹細胞の培養用培地の製造方法。
[20]脱脂肪酸処理が活性炭処理である、[19]記載の方法。
[21]活性炭処理がアルブミン重量当り30~60重量%の活性炭量を用いて行われる、[20]記載の方法。
[22]活性炭処理がpH6.7~7.3で行われる、[20]または[21]記載の方法。
[23]活性炭処理がpH3.7~4.3で行われる、[20]または[21]記載の方法。
[24]調製されたアルブミンの脂肪酸担持量が10mg/g以下である、[19]~[23]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[25]調製されたアルブミンの脂肪酸担持量が6mg/g以下である、[19]~[23]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[26]調製されたアルブミンの脂肪酸担持量が0.1mg/g~0.65mg/gである、[19]~[23]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[27]培地中の脂肪酸含有量が60μM以下である、[19]~[26]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[28]脂肪酸が長鎖脂肪酸である、[19]~[27]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[29]脂肪酸が、オレイン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸及びアラキドン酸からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、[19]~[27]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[30]アルブミンがヒト血清由来アルブミンである、[19]~[29]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[31]幹細胞が多能性幹細胞である、[19]~[30]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[32]多能性幹細胞が胚性幹細胞(ES細胞)又は人工多能性幹細胞(iPS細胞)である、[31]記載の方法。
[33]脂肪酸担持量が0.1mg/g~0.65mg/gであるアルブミンを含有してなる幹細胞培養用の培地添加剤。
[34]脂肪酸が長鎖脂肪酸である、[33]に記載の培地添加剤。
[35]脂肪酸が、オレイン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸及びアラキドン酸からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、[33]に記載の培地添加剤。
[36]アルブミンがヒト血清由来アルブミンである、[33]~[35]のいずれかに記載の培地添加剤。
[37]幹細胞が多能性幹細胞である、[33]~[36]のいずれかに記載の培地添加剤。
[38]多能性幹細胞が胚性幹細胞(ES細胞)又は人工多能性幹細胞(iPS細胞)である、[37]に記載の培地添加剤。
[39]脂肪酸担持量が低減されたアルブミンを含有してなる培地で培養する工程を含む、幹細胞の培養システムであって、該脂肪酸担持量が、幹細胞を未分化状態で維持することができるように選択される培養システム。
[40]脂肪酸担持量の低減が脱脂肪酸処理によるものである、[39]記載の培養システム。
[41]脱脂肪酸処理が活性炭処理である、[40]記載の培養システム。
[42]アルブミンの脂肪酸担持量が10mg/g以下である、[39]~[41]のいずれかに記載の培養システム。
[43]アルブミンの脂肪酸担持量が6mg/g以下である、[39]~[41]のいずれかに記載の培養システム。
[44]アルブミンの脂肪酸担持量が0.1mg/g~0.65mg/gである、[39]~[41]のいずれかに記載の培養システム。
[45]培地中の脂肪酸含有量が60μM以下である、[39]~[44]のいずれかに記載の培養システム。
[46]脂肪酸が長鎖脂肪酸である、[39]~[45]のいずれかに記載の培養システム。
[47]脂肪酸が、オレイン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸及びアラキドン酸からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、[39]~[45]のいずれかに記載の培養システム。
[48]アルブミンがヒト血清由来アルブミンである、[39]~[47]のいずれかに記載の培養システム。
[49]幹細胞が多能性幹細胞である、[39]~[48]のいずれかに記載の培養システム。
[50]多能性幹細胞が胚性幹細胞(ES細胞)又は人工多能性幹細胞(iPS細胞)である、[49]記載の培養システム。
1.本発明の培地
本明細書中、「長鎖脂肪酸」は、炭素数12以上の脂肪酸を意味する。幹細胞の増殖阻害作用を有する長鎖脂肪酸であれば、本発明の培地において低減される長鎖脂肪酸は特に限定されないが、低減されるべき長鎖脂肪酸の具体例としては、オレイン酸、ステアリン酸、パルミチン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸およびアラキドン酸が挙げられ、好ましい低減されるべき長鎖脂肪酸の例として、ステアリン酸、パルミチン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸およびアラキドン酸が挙げられる。
2種以上の脂肪酸がアルブミンに結合している場合は、その合計量が上記範囲となるように低減されることが好ましい。
また、アルブミンの脂肪酸担持量を0.1mg/g未満にした場合でも所望の効果は得られるが、脂肪酸担持量を0.1mg/g未満にするには、例えば、イオン交換クロマトグラフィー等の方法により更に脱脂肪酸処理を行う必要があり、活性炭処理等の簡便な方法と比べ、時間、労力、費用等を要する。従って、アルブミンの脂肪酸担持量を0.1mg/g未満にした場合には産業レベルで本発明の培地を大量生産するのには不利である。
2種以上の脂肪酸がアルブミンに結合している場合は、その合計量が上記範囲となるように低減されることが好ましい。
2種以上の脂肪酸が培地中に含まれている場合には、その合計量が上記範囲となるように低減されることが好ましい。
2.本発明の製造方法
一実施態様として、本発明の製造方法は、アルブミンを脱脂肪酸処理して脂肪酸担持量が低減されたアルブミンを調製し(工程1)、該調製されたアルブミンを培地に添加する(工程2)方法である。
(工程1) アルブミンを脱脂肪酸処理して脂肪酸担持量が低減されたアルブミンを調製する工程
上記、「本発明の培地」の項に準じて実施することができる。要すれば、ヒト由来の血清アルブミンやrHSAを活性炭処理、イオン交換処理、加熱処理等の脱脂肪酸処理(好ましくは活性炭処理)に付し、脂肪酸担持量が低減された(好ましくは脂肪酸担持量10mg/g以下、より好ましくは6mg/g以下となるよう、いっそう好ましくは実質的に脂肪酸を担持しない)アルブミンを調製する。脂肪酸担持量が低減されたことの確認は、当分野で通常実施されている方法またはそれに準じた方法を用いてアルブミンに結合している脂肪酸の量を測定することによって実施することができ、測定キットとして市販されているものを利用することができる。
一態様において、アルブミンの脂肪酸担持量は、10mg/g以下、より好ましくは6mg/g以下であって、かつ、0.1mg/g以上であり得る。具体的には、脂肪酸担持量は、0.1mg/g~0.8mg/gであり得、好ましくは0.1mg/g~0.65mg/g、または、0.2mg/g~0.8mg/g、より好ましくは0.2mg/g~0.65mg/g、最も好ましくは0.29mg/g~0.65mg/gであり得る。
上記、「本発明の培地」の項に準じて実施することができる。脂肪酸担持量が低減されたアルブミンを培地(基礎培地)に、終濃度が0~50mg/mL、好ましくは0.01~30mg/mL、より好ましくは0.05~10mg/mL、さらに好ましくは0.5~5mg/mLとなるように添加する。基礎培地としては、上記、「本発明の培地」の項で例示したものが同様に用いられる。
かくして幹細胞の培養用培地を製造することができる。
3.本発明の選択方法
一実施態様として、本発明の選択方法は、培地への添加候補となるアルブミンの脂肪酸担持量を測定し(工程1)、脂肪酸担持量が低減されたアルブミンを選抜する(工程2)方法である。
(工程1)アルブミンの脂肪酸担持量を測定する工程
上記、「本発明の培地」の項に準じて実施することができる。要すれば、当分野で通常実施されている方法またはそれに準じた方法を用いて実施することができ、例えば、Duncombeの抽出法、アシル-CoAシンセターゼ(ACS)とアシル-CoAオキシダーゼ(ACOD)を使用したACS-ACOD法などが挙げられる。いずれも測定キットとして市販されているものを利用することができる。
上記工程1で得られた測定結果に基づいて脂肪酸担持量が低減されたアルブミンを選抜する工程である。「脂肪酸担持量が低減されたアルブミン」としては、好ましくは脂肪酸担持量10mg/g以下、より好ましくは6mg/g以下、いっそう好ましくは実質的に脂肪酸を担持しないアルブミンが挙げられる。
一態様において、アルブミンの脂肪酸担持量は、10mg/g以下、より好ましくは6mg/g以下であって、かつ、0.1mg/g以上であり得る。具体的には、脂肪酸担持量は、0.1mg/g~0.8mg/gであり得、好ましくは0.1mg/g~0.65mg/g、または、0.2mg/g~0.8mg/g、より好ましくは0.2mg/g~0.65mg/g、最も好ましくは0.29mg/g~0.65mg/gであり得る。
かくして選抜された「脂肪酸担持量が低減されたアルブミン」は幹細胞培養用の培地に好適に添加される。
4.本発明の培養方法
本発明の培養方法は、幹細胞を本発明の培地で培養する工程を含む。
幹細胞の培養に用いられる培養器は、幹細胞の培養が可能なものであれば特に限定されないが、フラスコ、組織培養用フラスコ、ディッシュ、ペトリデッシュ、組織培養用ディッシュ、マルチディッシュ、マイクロプレート、マイクロウエルプレート、マルチプレート、マルチウエルプレート、マイクロスライド、チャンバースライド、シャーレ、チューブ、トレイ、培養バック、及びローラーボトルが挙げられ得る。
5.本発明の添加剤
6.本発明の培養システム
1.アルブミンの精製(活性炭処理)
ヒト血清アルブミンの生理食塩水溶液(40ml、25%)にリン酸緩衝液(pH7.2)を40ml加え、予め200℃で30分間加熱した活性炭(5g、和光純薬社製)にリン酸緩衝液20mlで懸濁した液に加えた。4℃で3時間撹拌した後、4℃にて11,900rpmで20分間遠心分離した。沈降した活性炭をデカンテーションで除き、反応液を0.22μmのシリンジフィルターでろ過した。ろ過した液を100倍希釈し、島津製作所製UV吸収測定装置UV1800を用いて波長260nm、280nm、320nmで吸光度を測定して計算式(A280-A320)/0.55×100にて濃度を算出した。
各種被験化合物による人工多能性幹細胞(iPS細胞)の増殖効果を評価した。iPS細胞は、iPSアカデミアジャパン社より購入した201B7株を用いた。細胞培養は、基底膜マトリックスをコートした培養容器(日本ベクトンディッキンソン社、Falcon培養シャーレもしくはFalcon培養プレート)を用い、5%CO2/37℃の条件で行った。
各種被験化合物は、現在のところ、ヒト多能性幹細胞を培養するための最小組成と考えられる「E8」組成(Nature Methods, 2011, 8, 424-429にて開示される)の培地に、所定の濃度にて添加し、培養に用いることにより、その効果を検討した。
アルブミン10mgに相当する溶液または粉末を、1%食塩水を用いて200μlに調製し、メタノール400μlとクロロホルム200μlを加えて10分間振とうした。クロロホルム200μlと1%食塩水200μlを加え10分間振とうした後、10,000rpmで2分間遠心分離して下層を分取した。得られたクロロホルム層の溶媒を乾固しアッセイ用サンプルとした。サンプルを2-プロパノールに溶解し、脂肪酸量測定キット(ラボアッセイTMNEFA、和光純薬社製)を用いて検量線法により脂肪酸量をオレイン酸換算にて定量した。吸光度の測定には、コロナエレクトリック社のSH900を用いた。
ヒト血清由来アルブミンを最終濃度2.6g/Lで培地に添加し、各アルブミンの培養成績を比較した。数種のアルブミンについて、脂質除去を目的とした精製処理(脱脂肪酸処理)を施した。培養期間は1週間であった。6ウェルプレートの1ウェルあたり、13,000個の生細胞をシングルセル播種した。基底膜マトリックスとして大阪大学より購入した、ラミニン511の活性ドメインを含む断片を1ウェル当たり5μgコートした。播種時に使用する培地にはY-27632を添加(最終濃度10μM、ナカライテスク社:08945-84)した。翌日以降はY-27632を添加していない培地で培養した。
各々の培地毎に実験を3連にて行った結果を表1に示す。
1週間の培養後、アルカリフォスファターゼ(ALP)染色を行い、未分化能維持の確認を行った。染色には、アルカリフォスファターゼ染色キット(シグマアルドリッジ社:86-R)を用いた。培養成績の欄において、+または-と表記した場合の培養後の様子を、図1に示す。Nova Biologics、Sigma、Biocell Laboratoriesの各社から入手したアルブミンを培地に添加した場合、一部を除いて細胞は増殖しなかった。しかし、アルブミンを精製処理に供した後で培地に添加した場合、細胞は増殖した。また、これら全てのアルブミンについて、脂肪酸担持量(脂肪酸含有量)を測定したところ、表1に示す結果となった。以上の結果から、アルブミンに結合した脂肪酸が、細胞の正常な増殖を阻害することがわかった。
脂肪酸担持量(mg/g)
(脂肪酸添加)
オレイン酸12.6μlを15mlのファルコンチューブに入れ、精製したヒト血清アルブミンBの溶液(5.9ml、8.8%)を加えた。溶液を37℃で3時間振とうし、放冷した後0.22μmのシリンジフィルターでろ過した。
かくしてオレイン酸を吸着させたアルブミンを得た。得られたオレイン酸を吸着させたアルブミンを、最終濃度2.6g/Lにて添加した培地を用いて実験を行った(培地中オレイン酸濃度196μM)。
パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸及びアラキドン酸についても、表2に記載の用量の脂肪酸と精製したヒト血清アルブミンを用いて同様の処理を行い、各種の脂肪酸を吸着させたアルブミンを得、各種の脂肪酸を吸着させたアルブミンが添加された培地を調製した。
尚、上記吸着操作後のアルブミンの脂肪酸担持量の測定は行っていない。
アルブミン10mgに相当する溶液または粉末を、1%食塩水を用いて200μlに調製し、メタノール400μlとクロロホルム200μlを加えて10分間振とうした。クロロホルム200μlと1%食塩水200μlを加え10分間振とうした後、10,000rpmで2分間遠心分離して下層を分取した。得られたクロロホルム層の溶媒を乾固しアッセイ用サンプルとした。サンプルを2-プロパノールに溶解し、脂肪酸量測定キット(ラボアッセイTMNEFA、和光純薬社製)を用いて検量線法により脂肪酸量をオレイン酸換算にて定量した。吸光度の測定には、コロナエレクトリック社のSH900を用いた。
培地中の添加脂肪酸及び脂肪酸の添加濃度、アルブミン1gあたりの脂肪酸含有量(脂肪酸担持量)を表2に示す。
脂肪酸を吸着させたアルブミンを表2に記載の濃度で添加された培地を用い、幹細胞を培養した。培養期間は1週間であった。6ウェルプレートの1ウェルあたり、13,000個の生細胞をシングルセル播種した。基底膜マトリックスとして大阪大学より購入した、ラミニン511の活性ドメインを含む断片を1ウェル当たり5μgコートした。播種時に使用する培地にはY-27632を添加(最終濃度10μM)した。翌日以降はY-27632を添加していない培地で培養した。
各ウェルから、トリプルセレクト(ライフテクノロジーズ社:12563-011)で細胞を剥離し、ウェル内の生細胞数を測定した。その結果を図2に示す。オレイン酸、パルミチン酸、ともに、添加によって、細胞増殖を抑制することがわかった。その抑制効果は、脂肪酸添加濃度に比例し、高濃度の脂肪酸を添加するほど、強く細胞増殖を抑制した。以上の結果から、アルブミンに吸着した脂肪酸の濃度依存的に、細胞培養効率が低下することがわかった。
以下の5通りの精製度のヒト血清アルブミンを調製した。
(I)群:脂肪酸除去処理が施されたヒト血清アルブミン(Sigma社)を使用した。脂肪酸担持量は0.07mg/g以下であると考えられる。
(II)群:ヒト血清由来アルブミン(Nova Biologics社)をpH4の条件下、アルブミン重量に対して50重量%の活性炭を使用して精製した後に使用した。脂肪酸担持量の測定結果は、0.29mg/gであった。
(III)群:ヒト血清由来アルブミン(Nova Biologics社)をpH7の条件下、アルブミン重量に対して50重量%の活性炭を使用して精製した後に使用した。脂肪酸担持量の測定結果は、0.65mg/gであった。
(IV)群:ヒト血清由来アルブミン(Nova Biologics社)をpH7の条件下、アルブミン重量に対して25重量%の活性炭を使用して精製した後に使用した。脂肪酸担持量の測定結果は、0.92mg/gであった。
(V)群:ヒト血清由来アルブミン(Nova Biologics社)をpH7の条件下、アルブミン重量に対して13重量%の活性炭を使用して精製した後に使用した。脂肪酸担持量の測定結果は、1.86mg/gであった。
上記各群のヒト血清アルブミンを最終濃度2.6g/Lで培地に添加し、iPS細胞の培養を行った。基底膜マトリックスとしてラミニン511の活性ドメインを含む断片(iMatrix-511(株式会社ニッピ社))を5μg/wellでコートした6ウェルプレートを使用し、1ウェル当り13,000個のiPS細胞をシングルセル播種し、1週間培養した。播種時に使用する培地にのみ、最終濃度10μMでY-27632(ナカライテスク社:08945-84)を添加した。
各ウェルからトリプルセレクト(ライフテクノロジーズ社:12563-011)で細胞を剥離し、生細胞数を計測した。図3には、各群についての3回の独立した実験の平均値を示す。培地性能に問題がない場合、本培養法で1週間の培養を行った場合のiPS細胞の生細胞数は3.0×105細胞程度以上になる。図3に示すように、(I)~(III)群においては、良好な細胞増殖が認められ、いずれも3.0×105を超える細胞数が得られた。一方で、(IV)および(V)群では、明らかな増殖阻害作用が認められた。このことから、少なくともアルブミンの脂肪酸担持量が0.65mg/g以下であれば、iPS細胞は良好に増殖できることが明らかとなった。
(I)~(III)群については、上記培養後さらに1週間の培養を行い、アルカリホスファターゼ(ALP)染色により分化率を調べた。分化率(%)は、各ウェル中における、ALP陰性コロニー数/全コロニー数×100にて算出した。(I)、(II)および(III)群の分化率は、それぞれ0.4%、1.5%および2.6%であった。これらの数値は十分に低い値といえ、いずれの条件もiPS細胞の未分化状態を維持したまま増殖させるのに適していることが明らかとなった。同様の結果は、顕微鏡によるコロニーの観察においても得られ、アルブミンの精製度が高いほど、iPS細胞の未分化状態がより高い割合で維持できることが確認された。
オクタン酸18.3μLを50mLのファルコンチューブに入れ、脱脂肪酸処理したヒト血清アルブミンB溶液(15mL、10%、Sigma社)を加えた。該溶液を37℃で7時間振とうし、4℃で終夜静置後、0.22μmのシリンジフィルターでろ過した。かくしてオクタン酸を再吸着させたアルブミンを得た。該オクタン酸を再吸着させたアルブミンの脂肪酸担持量を測定し、該オクタン酸再吸着後のアルブミンと再吸着前の脱脂肪酸処理後の精製アルブミンを、培地中の最終オクタン酸濃度が28μMまたは57μMとなるように比率を調製しながら適宜混合させた。培地にはアルブミンの最終濃度が2.6g/Lとなるように添加した。
オレイン酸、ステアリン酸、パルミチン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸およびアラキドン酸についても同様の手技にて脂肪酸の再吸着を行った。培地中の最終濃度および添加量についても同様である。
上記のようにして作製した培地を使用し、各脂肪酸のiPS細胞の増殖に対する影響を検討した。基底膜マトリックスとしてラミニン511の活性ドメインを含む断片(iMatrix-511(株式会社ニッピ社))を5μg/wellでコートした6ウェルプレートを使用し、1ウェル当り13,000個のiPS細胞をシングルセル播種し、1週間培養した。播種時に使用する培地にのみ、最終濃度10μMでY-27632(ナカライテスク社:08945-84)を添加した。尚、陽性対照には、脂肪酸を再吸着させていないアルブミン、即ち、脱脂肪酸処理を施したアルブミンを使用してiPS細胞の培養を行った。
各ウェルからトリプルセレクト(ライフテクノロジーズ社:12563-011)で細胞を剥離し、生細胞数を計測した。図4には、各群についての3回の独立した実験の平均値を示す。
ステアリン酸、パルミチン酸、およびアラキドン酸を再吸着させた場合は、28μMと57μMの双方で細胞が死滅し、生細胞を得られなかった。リノール酸およびリノレン酸も、iPS細胞の増殖阻害作用が強く、57μMの再吸着の場合は細胞が死滅し、28μMの再吸着でも陽性対照と比べiPS細胞の増殖が顕著に抑制された。オレイン酸を再吸着させた場合でも、濃度依存的な細胞増殖阻害作用が認められ、28μMおよび57μMのいずれの場合でも陽性対照よりも少ない生細胞数であった。一方で、オクタン酸の場合は、57μMの再吸着においては、一定の細胞増殖阻害作用が認められたが、28μMの再吸着では陽性対照と同等の生細胞数であった。これらの検討から、オレイン酸、ステアリン酸、パルミチン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸またはアラキドン酸をアルブミンへ再吸着させた場合は、いずれの濃度で添加された場合でもiPS細胞の増殖に対して阻害作用を示すことが明らかとなった。オクタン酸の再吸着の場合は、再吸着の濃度によっては陽性対照と同等の生細胞数が得られ、その阻害作用は低いことが明らかとなった。
以上より、オレイン酸等の長鎖脂肪酸の方が、オクタン酸等の中鎖脂肪酸に比べiPS細胞への毒性が強く増殖阻害作用が高いことが示された。
Claims (50)
- 脂肪酸担持量が低減されたアルブミンを含有してなる幹細胞の培養用培地。
- 脂肪酸担持量の低減が脱脂肪酸処理によるものである、請求項1記載の培地。
- 脱脂肪酸処理が活性炭処理である、請求項2記載の培地。
- アルブミンの脂肪酸担持量が10mg/g以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の培地。
- アルブミンの脂肪酸担持量が6mg/g以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の培地。
- アルブミンの脂肪酸担持量が0.1mg/g~0.65mg/gである、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の培地。
- 培地中の脂肪酸含有量が60μM以下である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の培地。
- アルブミン1g当たりの脂肪酸担持量が0.1mg~0.65mgである、幹細胞の培養用培地。
- 培地中の脂肪酸含有量が60μM以下である、請求項8に記載の培地。
- 脂肪酸が長鎖脂肪酸である、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の培地。
- 脂肪酸が、オレイン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸及びアラキドン酸からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の培地。
- アルブミンがヒト血清由来アルブミンである、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の培地。
- 幹細胞が多能性幹細胞である、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の培地。
- 多能性幹細胞が胚性幹細胞(ES細胞)又は人工多能性幹細胞(iPS細胞)である、請求項13記載の培地。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の培地で培養する工程を含む、幹細胞の培養方法。
- 幹細胞が多能性幹細胞である、請求項15記載の方法。
- 多能性幹細胞が、胚性幹細胞(ES細胞)又は人工多能性幹細胞(iPS細胞)である、請求項16記載の方法。
- 脂肪酸担持量を測定し、脂肪酸担持量が低減されたアルブミンを選抜する工程を含む、培地への添加に適したアルブミンを選択する方法。
- アルブミンを脱脂肪酸処理して脂肪酸担持量が低減されたアルブミンを調製し、該調製されたアルブミンを培地に添加することを特徴とする、幹細胞の培養用培地の製造方法。
- 脱脂肪酸処理が活性炭処理である、請求項19記載の方法。
- 活性炭処理がアルブミン重量当り30~60重量%の活性炭量を用いて行われる、請求項20記載の方法。
- 活性炭処理がpH6.7~7.3で行われる、請求項20または21記載の方法。
- 活性炭処理がpH3.7~4.3で行われる、請求項20または21記載の方法。
- 調製されたアルブミンの脂肪酸担持量が10mg/g以下である、請求項19~23のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 調製されたアルブミンの脂肪酸担持量が6mg/g以下である、請求項19~23のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 調製されたアルブミンの脂肪酸担持量が0.1mg/g~0.65mg/gである、請求項19~23のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 培地中の脂肪酸含有量が60μM以下である、請求項19~26のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 脂肪酸が長鎖脂肪酸である、請求項19~27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 脂肪酸が、オレイン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸及びアラキドン酸からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項19~27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- アルブミンがヒト血清由来アルブミンである、請求項19~29のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 幹細胞が多能性幹細胞である、請求項19~30のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 多能性幹細胞が胚性幹細胞(ES細胞)又は人工多能性幹細胞(iPS細胞)である、請求項31記載の方法。
- 脂肪酸担持量が0.1mg/g~0.65mg/gであるアルブミンを含有してなる幹細胞培養用の培地添加剤。
- 脂肪酸が長鎖脂肪酸である、請求項33に記載の培地添加剤。
- 脂肪酸が、オレイン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸及びアラキドン酸からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項33に記載の培地添加剤。
- アルブミンがヒト血清由来アルブミンである、請求項33~35のいずれか1項に記載の培地添加剤。
- 幹細胞が多能性幹細胞である、請求項33~36のいずれか1項に記載の培地添加剤。
- 多能性幹細胞が胚性幹細胞(ES細胞)又は人工多能性幹細胞(iPS細胞)である、請求項37に記載の培地添加剤。
- 脂肪酸担持量が低減されたアルブミンを含有してなる培地で培養する工程を含む、幹細胞の培養システムであって、該脂肪酸担持量が、幹細胞を未分化状態で維持することができるように選択される培養システム。
- 脂肪酸担持量の低減が脱脂肪酸処理によるものである、請求項39記載の培養システム。
- 脱脂肪酸処理が活性炭処理である、請求項40記載の培養システム。
- アルブミンの脂肪酸担持量が10mg/g以下である、請求項39~41のいずれか1項に記載の培養システム。
- アルブミンの脂肪酸担持量が6mg/g以下である、請求項39~41のいずれか1項に記載の培養システム。
- アルブミンの脂肪酸担持量が0.1mg/g~0.65mg/gである、請求項39~41のいずれか1項に記載の培養システム。
- 培地中の脂肪酸含有量が60μM以下である、請求項39~44のいずれか1項に記載の培養システム。
- 脂肪酸が長鎖脂肪酸である、請求項39~45のいずれか1項に記載の培養システム。
- 脂肪酸が、オレイン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸及びアラキドン酸からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項39~45のいずれか1項に記載の培養システム。
- アルブミンがヒト血清由来アルブミンである、請求項39~47のいずれか1項に記載の培養システム。
- 幹細胞が多能性幹細胞である、請求項39~48のいずれか1項に記載の培養システム。
- 多能性幹細胞が胚性幹細胞(ES細胞)又は人工多能性幹細胞(iPS細胞)である、請求項49記載の培養システム。
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EP14803369.9A EP3006558B1 (en) | 2013-05-30 | 2014-05-30 | Medium for culturing stem cells |
CA2913990A CA2913990C (en) | 2013-05-30 | 2014-05-30 | Medium for culturing stem cells |
SG11201509767UA SG11201509767UA (en) | 2013-05-30 | 2014-05-30 | Medium for culturing stem cells |
KR1020157036812A KR102229266B1 (ko) | 2013-05-30 | 2014-05-30 | 줄기 세포의 배양용 배지 |
JP2015519973A JP6634822B2 (ja) | 2013-05-30 | 2014-05-30 | 幹細胞の培養用培地 |
US14/953,132 US20160075993A1 (en) | 2013-05-30 | 2015-11-27 | Medium for culturing stem cells |
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WO2019240255A1 (ja) * | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-19 | 扶桑薬品工業株式会社 | 生殖補助医療用培地 |
WO2021220731A1 (ja) | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-04 | オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社 | 幹細胞用培地及び幹細胞の培養方法 |
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CN110462025B (zh) * | 2017-01-23 | 2023-11-21 | 加拿大干细胞技术公司 | 增强干细胞存活和增殖的培养基和方法 |
US20220290097A1 (en) * | 2019-08-03 | 2022-09-15 | Shenzhen Mytang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. | Poultry Egg-Based Culture Medium |
US11767504B2 (en) | 2020-08-14 | 2023-09-26 | Albcura Corporation | Albumin compositions and methods of producing and using same |
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CA2913990C (en) | 2021-10-12 |
KR20160012224A (ko) | 2016-02-02 |
CA2913990A1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
JPWO2014192938A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
US20160075993A1 (en) | 2016-03-17 |
US11859205B2 (en) | 2024-01-02 |
US20200370006A1 (en) | 2020-11-26 |
CN105283541B (zh) | 2019-02-19 |
EP3006558B1 (en) | 2020-05-13 |
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CN105283541A (zh) | 2016-01-27 |
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