WO2016159015A1 - トロンビン・アンチトロンビン複合体の測定試薬及び測定方法 - Google Patents
トロンビン・アンチトロンビン複合体の測定試薬及び測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G01N33/54326—Magnetic particles
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- G01N2800/226—Thrombotic disorders, i.e. thrombo-embolism irrespective of location/organ involved, e.g. renal vein thrombosis, venous thrombosis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a reagent and method for measuring thrombin (T) / antithrombin (AT) complex (TAT) in a biological sample.
- Thrombin / antithrombin complex is a protein complex produced in blood when blood coagulation progresses. TAT in blood is quantified by diagnosing thrombosis such as disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (DIC). Useful for. However, since the amount of TAT is about 100,000 times less than the amount of free antithrombin, measurement is not easy.
- the mainstream TAT quantification methods are reagent kits using enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) such as Enzygnost (registered trademark) TAT micro of Siemens, and chemiluminescent enzyme immunity such as Stacia (registered trademark) CLEIA TAT of LSI stipulatece.
- ELISA enzyme immunoassay
- CLEIA enzyme immunoassay
- B / F separation solid-phase / liquid-phase separation
- require manual or dedicated equipment require manual or dedicated equipment.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 and 5 reported a reagent system for measuring TAT using the latex agglutination method, but all of them were measurements of samples prepared by diluting TAT synthesized outside the body with a buffer. There is no report of a reagent that can accurately measure the concentration of TAT in human specimens using the latex agglutination method.
- a TAT measurement reagent is constructed depending on the specificity of the antibody, or the influence due to the cross-reactivity is avoided by an additive.
- Patent Document 4 discloses TAT measurement by a sandwich method using an antibody that does not have cross-reactivity, but is not sensitive enough for clinical use.
- JP 2001-289850 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-238099 JP 2002-316999 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-48158 JP 2001-228153 A
- the present invention provides a reagent and a method for measuring TAT in a biological sample using a latex agglutination method that does not require B / F separation and washing operations, and a method for efficiently selecting an antibody to be used therefor It is an issue to provide.
- TAT from the viewpoint of improving the sensitivity and specificity of the DIC diagnostic criteria, and from the viewpoint of the possibility of use as an exclusion diagnosis in which DIC is negative if the TAT measurement value is normal, its clinical Usefulness is recognized.
- the mainstream is the ELISA method that requires complicated procedures and the CLEIA method that requires dedicated equipment, which is also the cause of the delay in the spread of measurement.
- the latex agglutination method does not include a B / F separation step such as washing, unlike the ELISA method or CLEIA method, so it overcomes cross-reactivity with substances other than the target analyte, such as free antithrombin. This is a problem when constructing reagents and measurement methods.
- the present inventor has intensively studied to solve the above problems.
- a highly sensitive and accurate TAT measurement reagent is obtained by utilizing the cross-reactivity difference using an antibody having cross-reactivity. It was found that can be produced. That is, as one of the antibodies, an antibody having a difference between the reactivity to TAT and the reactivity to free antithrombin selected by the indirect inhibition ELISA method is more than 100 times, so that TAT in a biological sample is converted to free anti-antibody.
- thrombin can be measured accurately with minimal influence.
- TAT in a biological sample can be measured with high sensitivity and specificity by performing the agglutination reaction under weakly acidic conditions. It came to complete.
- a reagent for measuring thrombin-antithrombin complex An antibody that binds to the latex particle and binds to the antithrombin side and recognizes TAT; and an antibody that binds to the latex particle and binds to the thrombin side and recognizes TAT;
- the TAT measurement reagent wherein the antibody that binds to the antithrombin side and recognizes TAT has a reactivity to TAT of 100 times or more of a reactivity to free antithrombin.
- the TAT measurement reagent according to [1] wherein the pH at the time of measurement is 5.8 to 6.6.
- a second reagent comprising latex particles bound to the antibody that recognizes TAT bound to the antithrombin side, and a latex reagent bound to an antibody that binds to the thrombin side and recognizes TAT, and
- a method for screening an antibody used in measuring TAT present in a sample separated from a living body by latex agglutination comprising preparing a candidate antibody, releasing a certain amount of candidate antibody A step of reacting with antithrombin, a step of measuring the reactivity of the antibody to free antithrombin by subjecting the reaction solution obtained after the step to an enzyme immunoassay using a substrate on which TAT is immobilized, Comparing the reactivity of the antibody to free antithrombin with the reactivity of the antibody to TAT, and selecting an antibody whose reactivity to TAT is 100 times or more of the reactivity to free antithrombin. Screening method.
- a reagent for measuring thrombin / antithrombin complex A first antibody that binds to the latex particle and binds to the antithrombin side and recognizes TAT; and a second antibody that binds to the latex particle and binds to the thrombin side and recognizes TAT; A TAT measurement reagent characterized in that the pH at the time of measurement is 5.8 to 6.6.
- TAT thrombin / antithrombin complex
- [8] A method for measuring TAT in a sample present in a sample separated from a living body, wherein the latex immunoaggregation reaction is performed at a pH of 5. using the TAT measurement reagent according to [6] or [7]. A method characterized in that TAT is measured under the conditions of 8 to 6.6.
- the latex agglutination method reagent provided by the present invention can accurately measure (quantify) a small amount of TAT in a biological sample while avoiding the influence of a background such as a plasma matrix.
- measurement with a general-purpose automatic analyzer is possible, and there is an advantage that there is no restriction such as manual process or measurement with dedicated equipment. According to the present invention, it is possible to prepare a high-performance reagent in both sensitivity and specificity by keeping the pH during the reaction weakly acidic.
- the schematic diagram of the TAT measuring method by latex aggregation method The schematic diagram of the reaction system by indirect inhibition ELISA method.
- An embodiment of an embodiment of the present invention is an example of a TAT measurement reagent comprising an antibody that binds to the antithrombin side and recognizes TAT as the first antibody, and an antibody that binds to the thrombin side and recognizes TAT as the second antibody.
- the TAT measurement reagent of the present invention is an immunoassay reagent by a latex agglutination method in a sandwich system using latex particles to which two types of TAT antibodies are bound, respectively, for measuring TAT in a biological sample.
- the first antibody may be an anti-TAT antibody that binds to the antithrombin side and recognizes TAT.
- the TAT measurement reagent of the present invention comprises a first antibody that binds to latex particles, binds to the antithrombin side and recognizes TAT, and binds to latex particles and binds to the thrombin side to bind TAT. It is preferable that the reagent comprises a second antibody to be recognized, and that the reactivity of the first antibody with respect to TAT is 100 times or more of the reactivity with free antithrombin.
- the antibody to be bound to latex particles may be two types of antibodies bound to two types of particles, each of which may be bound to a plurality of types of antibodies, or a plurality of types of one type of antibody. It is also possible to use a mixture of those bonded to the particles.
- the reactivity of the first antibody with respect to TAT was at least 100 times higher than that with respect to free antithrombin. That is, the reactivity of the first antibody with respect to TAT may be at least 100 times or more than the reactivity with free antithrombin, preferably 1,000 times or more, and more preferably 10,000 times or more. The lower the cross-reactivity, the better, so there is no particular upper limit. For example, it may be less than 100,000 times or less than 50,000 times.
- a non-human animal may be immunized with free antithrombin or immunized with TAT, and TAT is bound to the antithrombin side.
- Any antibody that can be recognized can be used in the present invention.
- binding to the antithrombin side means that the antithrombin in the free state that is present most in the sample is bound to the free thrombin to form a complex (TAT).
- TAT a complex
- binding to the antithrombin side means binding to the complex type antithrombin.
- Free structure antithrombin has a structure different from complex structure antithrombin. This is because free structure antithrombin exists in a state in which its structure is changed by binding to free thrombin to form a complex.
- the second antibody may be any antibody that can bind to the thrombin side and recognize TAT, and an antibody that specifically reacts with thrombin can be used. Since there is almost no free thrombin in the sample, even an antibody having cross-reactivity with free thrombin can often be used. A person skilled in the art can select and use as appropriate.
- a non-human animal may be immunized with free thrombin or TAT, and may bind to the thrombin side and recognize TAT. Any antibody that can be used can be used in the present invention.
- binding to the thrombin side means binding of thrombin in a released state existing in a sample to thrombin in a state of binding to antithrombin to form a complex (TAT).
- TAT complex
- thrombin having the structure when the complex is formed is referred to as complex structure thrombin
- free structure thrombin binding to the thrombin side means that complex It means to bind to the body structure thrombin.
- the free structure thrombin may have a structure different from the complex structure thrombin. This is because free structure thrombin exists in a state in which its structure is changed by binding to antithrombin to form a complex.
- first antibody and the second antibody either a polyclonal antibody or a monoclonal antibody can be used.
- Those skilled in the art can obtain these antibodies according to known methods. Sheep, horses, goats, rabbits, mice, rats, etc. can be used as animals to immunize the immunogen for antibody production, and rabbits, goats, etc. are particularly preferred for polyclonal antibody production.
- Monoclonal antibodies can also be obtained by a known method for producing hybridoma cells. In this case, mouse, rat, rabbit or the like is preferable.
- TAT may be used as the immunogen, and an antibody prepared using VTAT bound with vitronectin as an immunogen can also be used in the present invention.
- antithrombin In the case of the first antibody, antithrombin may be used, and in the case of the second antibody, thrombin may be used.
- TAT purified using a sample collected from a living body as a raw material may be used, or TAT synthesized in vitro by mixing free thrombin and free antithrombin may be used.
- Synthetic TAT may be TAT obtained by incubating thrombin and antithrombin, which are available as biologics, in a test tube, known translations such as E. coli, mammalian cells, and insect cells infected with baculovirus. What collected and refine
- purified what was expressed using the expression system may be used as an immunogen.
- antithrombin in the case of the first antibody
- antithrombin in the case of the first antibody
- it can also be prepared using a partial peptide of thrombin.
- known methods can be used for selection of peptide sequences as antigens, peptide fragment synthesis methods, and immunization methods.
- latex aggregation occurs when the first antibody binds to the antithrombin side of TAT and the second antibody binds to the thrombin side of TAT, and the TAT concentration is based on the absorbance value at that time. Can be measured.
- the proportion of free antithrombin that does not form TAT and TAT in the living body is considered to be between 1: 60,000 to 1: 110,000 with reference to the measured value range of a healthy person. : It is thought that it exists at 100,000. In addition, it is known that the presence ratio changes in patients with sepsis or liver disease, but even when the amount of free antithrombin decreases, it is said to be about 1: 50,000. Therefore, if the first antibody is also reactive with free antithrombin, it becomes difficult to quantify TAT. Therefore, in order to quantify TAT, it is necessary to use an antibody having low reactivity to free antithrombin, and the reactivity to TAT is calculated from the reactivity of free antithrombin of 50,000 to 100,000.
- the antibody is designated as the first antibody. As a result, it was found that the TAT can be quantified sufficiently.
- the reactivity to TAT is 100 times or more of the reactivity to free antithrombin
- the affinity ratio to each antigen is 100 times or more, or when evaluated by an indirect inhibition ELISA described later.
- the ratio of the amount of antigen necessary to exhibit a certain percentage of inhibition is 100 times or more.
- an antibody having a reactivity to TAT of 100 times or more of the reactivity to free antithrombin is evaluated or screened by indirect inhibition ELISA.
- an antibody that binds to the antithrombin side and recognizes TAT (first antibody candidate antibody) is prepared.
- an antibody that recognizes TAT and whose binding site is on the antithrombin side may be selected after obtaining the antibody by a monoclonal antibody production method using a hybridoma described later.
- it may be used in the following evaluation system.
- a candidate antibody and a solution containing an antigen that can inhibit the TAT reaction in a certain amount (for example, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50 ⁇ g / mL) or a sufficient amount of time (for example, , 12 hours).
- a reaction solution is reacted with a substrate on which TAT is immobilized for a predetermined time.
- the amount of antibody bound to TAT on the substrate is measured using a labeled secondary antibody.
- a certain amount of TAT is solid-phased on a substrate such as a plate under the condition that there is no antigen that inhibits the antibody reaction.
- a person skilled in the art can appropriately set the amount of the antigen (TAT) to be immobilized on the substrate in consideration of the relationship between the dispensed amount of the antigen to be used and the kind of the antibody to be evaluated.
- TAT antigen
- the candidate antibody of the first antibody at each concentration (for example, 0.04 to 1 ⁇ g / mL) is reacted with the substrate on which the TAT is immobilized for a certain period of time.
- the amount of antibody bound to TAT on the substrate is measured using a labeled secondary antibody (anti-mouse IgG-HRP).
- the antibody concentration at which the absorbance is around 1.0 1000 in the method described in Table 1.
- This antibody concentration can be used as the antibody concentration at the time of inhibition by the antigen (Table 3; concentration at the time of reaction ( ⁇ g / mL)).
- the candidate antibody at the concentration determined by the above method and a solution containing a certain amount (for example, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50 ⁇ g / mL) of TAT or free antithrombin for a sufficient time For example, 12 hours).
- the reaction solution is reacted with a substrate on which TAT is immobilized for a predetermined time. Thereafter, after washing, the amount of antibody bound to TAT on the substrate (antibody residual ratio) is measured using a labeled secondary antibody (anti-mouse IgG-HRP).
- antibody residual ratio can be calculated with the detection value obtained when absorption by the antigen is not performed as 100%.
- the amount of TAT necessary to show the same residual antibody ratio was inhibited by the above TAT. Calculate from the time results.
- the amount of TAT-inhibiting antigen required to achieve 50% of the remaining antibody rate when TAT is inhibited is less than 0.50 ⁇ g / mL
- the reactivity to TAT is 100 times or more the reactivity to free antithrombin. It can be.
- the antibody selected in this way can be selected as the first antibody.
- the first antibody preferably has an affinity (Kd) for TAT of 10 ⁇ 8 or less.
- Kd affinity
- those skilled in the art are suitable for latex reagents with reference to the affinity value for TAT. It is possible to select the antibody appropriately.
- Antibodies used in the present invention include antibody fragments.
- the antibody fragment is a fragment of a desired antibody and has the same reactivity as the original antibody.
- Antibody fragments that can be used in the present invention include, for example, Fab, Fab ′, F (ab ′) 2 , or Fv. These fragments can be obtained, for example, by digesting an antibody with a proteolytic enzyme by a conventional method, and subsequently following a conventional method for protein separation and purification. These can be used as they are solid-phased on latex particles, but those prepared as Fab ′ fragments or F (ab ′) 2 fragments can be solid-phased on latex particles. Fab ′ and F (ab ′) 2 are more preferable from the viewpoint of avoiding a non-specific reaction of the antibody against the Fc fragment.
- the antibody to be used in the present invention is obtained by first obtaining a TAT antibody (candidate antibody) by a monoclonal antibody production method using a hybridoma, and then released from the TAT antibody (candidate antibody) by the above-described method and standard. It can be obtained by selecting an antibody having a low cross-reactivity with antithrombin, specifically, an antibody having a reactivity to TAT of 100 times or more of the reactivity to free antithrombin.
- Candidate antibodies can be obtained, for example, by a monoclonal antibody production method using a hybridoma prepared by a known cell fusion method.
- the antibody-producing cells can be selected from animals other than humans, such as mice, rats, guinea pigs and the like.
- the hybridoma and the monoclonal antibody can be prepared according to a conventional method, for example, a method described in a follow-up biochemistry experiment course (edited by the Japanese Biochemical Society) or an immunobiochemical research method (edited by the Japanese Biochemical Society).
- the second antibody is not particularly limited as long as it is an antibody that binds to the thrombin side and recognizes TAT.
- the affinity (Kd) for TAT is preferably 10 ⁇ 8 or less.
- those skilled in the art should appropriately select an antibody suitable for a latex reagent with reference to the affinity value for TAT. Is possible.
- an antibody prepared in the same manner as the first antibody can be used.
- the combination of the first antibody and the second antibody is not particularly limited as long as TAT can be measured in the latex agglutination method, but an antibody combination having the least influence of the matrix (background) contained in a biological sample such as plasma is selected. It is preferable to do.
- the reagent of the present invention is 10 to 15 ng /
- the reagent is preferably a reagent capable of quantifying mL TAT, more preferably a reagent capable of quantifying 3-4 ng / mL TAT, and even more preferably a reagent capable of quantifying even at a concentration of about 1 ng / mL.
- the latex particles to which the first antibody and the second antibody are bound are not particularly limited as long as they can be used in the latex agglutination reaction, but the average particle diameter is preferably 0.05 ⁇ m to 0.5 ⁇ m. More preferably, it is 2 to 0.4 ⁇ m.
- the kind of latex particles to be used only one kind of latex particles may be used, or plural kinds of latex particles may be used.
- latex particles having different particle diameters can be used in combination. Since latex particles are substantially difficult to produce with a single particle size, they are defined as the average particle size of the entire particle.
- the average particle diameter is 0.05 ⁇ m to 0.5 ⁇ m, even if it contains latex particles not included in the range, it may fall under the present invention.
- latex particles having different particle sizes are included, and those skilled in the art can use latex solutions containing particles having a large and non-biased particle size distribution. It is possible to build.
- the average particle diameter can be measured by a known method, and is calculated by, for example, image analysis using a transmission electron microscope apparatus.
- the latex particles according to the present invention are not particularly limited as long as they are usually used in this field.
- vinyl particles such as styrene, vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, acrylic acid ester, and methacrylic acid ester are used.
- Particles made of a single polymer obtained by polymerizing monomers for example, polystyrene, methacrylic acid polymer, acrylic acid polymer, etc.
- monomers for example, polystyrene, methacrylic acid polymer, acrylic acid polymer, etc.
- butadiene-based copolymers for example, styrene-butadiene copolymer, methyl methacrylate-butadiene copolymer
- Particles made of polymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer, etc., and other copolymers for example, styrene-styrene sulfonate copolymer, methacrylate ester copolymer, acrylate ester copolymer, vinyl chloride
- Acrylic ester copolymer etc. That.
- Examples thereof include particles having a carboxyl group, a primary amino group, a carbamoyl group (—CONH 2 ), a hydroxyl group, an aldehyde group, etc. as a functional group, and the substrate is composed of the organic fine particles.
- the antibody may be solid-phased on the latex particles in accordance with a known method.
- the antibody and latex particles are suspended in a buffer, reacted at 25 ° C. for 1 hour, and then centrifuged. It can be obtained by a process usually performed in this field, such as a blocking process.
- a method in which the antibody and latex particles are solid-phased by chemical bonding or a method in which the antibody is solid-phased by a biotin-avidin reaction can be selected.
- the antibody is bound to the latex particles, the antibody is subjected to the conditions that can maintain the reactivity and specificity for the TAT.
- a solid phase latex solution is prepared for each type of antibody as a first latex particle having a first antibody as a solid phase and a second latex particle having a second antibody as a solid phase.
- the reagent can be prepared by immobilizing the first antibody and the second antibody on one type of latex particle.
- a person skilled in the art can appropriately design how the antibody and latex particles are solid-phased to prepare the reagent.
- the reagent of the present invention may be a one-reagent system or a two-reagent system.
- TAT in a biological sample can be measured by adding a latex particle suspension in which the antibody is solid-phased to the biological sample and causing an antigen-antibody reaction. it can.
- the reagent of the present invention is a two-reagent system, a first reagent mainly composed of a buffer component is added to a biological sample, and then a second reagent containing latex particles having the antibody as a solid phase is added.
- an antigen-antibody reaction can be caused and TAT in a biological sample can be measured.
- the degree of aggregation of latex particles can be quantified by measuring the concentration of latex particles using, for example, absorbance and determining the concentration from a standard calibration curve determined in advance.
- the absorbance measurement wavelength is usually 340 nm to 1000 nm, preferably 500 nm to 900 nm.
- the time during which the latex agglutination reaction is measured can be measured by the rate of change per hour or the amount of change over a certain period of time. For example, when measuring the absorbance, it can be measured by the absorbance change rate per hour from 30 seconds to 5 minutes after the start of the latex agglutination reaction, or the absorbance change amount for a certain time.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 10 to 50 ° C., more preferably 20 to 40 ° C.
- the reaction time can be determined as appropriate. For example, in a general-purpose automatic analyzer, the reaction time can be measured with a reaction time of 10 to 15 minutes.
- a person skilled in the art can analyze the reaction temperature, reaction time, measurement wavelength, measurement time, reagent composition, latex concentration, antibody concentration to be immobilized on latex using an optical instrument or a general-purpose automatic analyzer according to known methods. Various additive concentrations can be appropriately determined.
- the concentration of latex particles used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a concentration applicable to an immunoassay reagent by latex agglutination method, but the latex particles at the time of reaction necessary for measuring TAT are not limited.
- the concentration is preferably 0.005 w / v% to 0.2 w / v%, and more preferably 0.01 w / v% to 0.1 w / v%.
- test sample that can be applied to the reagent of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a test sample that may contain TAT, but is preferably a biological sample, even a cultured cell. Although it is good, it can be particularly preferably used for measurement of serum and plasma.
- a sample derived from a mammal is preferable, and a sample derived from a human is more preferable.
- the reagent of the present invention can be used in addition to latex particles to which an antibody is immobilized, as well as additives that can be added to immunoassay reagents by latex agglutination, such as buffers, aggregation promoters, nonspecific reaction inhibitors, sensitization. An agent or the like can be further contained.
- the sensitizer that can be added to the reagent of the present invention include sodium alginate and propylene glycol alginate.
- the aggregation promoter that can be added to the reagent of the present invention water-soluble polymers and proteins are preferably used.
- Examples include water-soluble polymers such as dextran, dextran sulfate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, and polyvinylpyrrolidone, albumins such as bovine serum albumin, and globulins such as ⁇ -globulin.
- water-soluble polymers such as dextran, dextran sulfate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, and polyvinylpyrrolidone
- albumins such as bovine serum albumin
- globulins such as ⁇ -globulin.
- a third antibody can be added and used.
- the use of the third antibody is preferably performed by using an antibody having a different reaction rate as the third antibody, for example, when it is desired that the TAT measurement reagent can be widely measured from a low concentration to a high concentration. .
- the buffer solution is preferably a buffer solution having a buffer capacity at pH 5.8 to 6.6, more preferably 6.0 to 6.4, and still more preferably 6.1 to 6.3. 6.15 to 6.25 is particularly preferable, and about 6.2 is most preferable.
- the pH of the reagent is adjusted to 5.8 to 6.6.
- the pH is adjusted to 5.8 to 6.6 when mixed. It suffices to be configured.
- the pH of the first reagent is adjusted to 5.8 to 6.6.
- the pH of the mixed solution becomes 5.8 to 6.6 when both reagents are mixed.
- the pH may be adjusted with a pH adjusting agent, but is preferably adjusted with a buffer. Tris buffer, bis-Tris buffer, phosphate buffer, Good's buffer, or the like is preferably used, and the buffer concentration during the reaction is preferably 10 to 500 mmol / L, preferably 20 to 200 mmol / L. More preferably. If the pH when the blood sample is mixed with the reagent deviates from 5.8 to 6.6, it may be adjusted separately with a pH adjuster or the like.
- Nonspecific reaction inhibitors that can be added to the reagent of the present invention include antibodies and receptors for substances causing nonspecific reactions, Tris buffer, phosphate buffer, glycine buffer, borate buffer, citrate buffer, Buffers such as acetate buffer or Good buffer, chelating agents such as EDTA, CyDTA, DTPA, EGTA, NTA, NTP, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, etc.
- Tris buffer Tris buffer, phosphate buffer, glycine buffer, borate buffer, citrate buffer, Buffers such as acetate buffer or Good buffer
- chelating agents such as EDTA, CyDTA, DTPA, EGTA, NTA, NTP, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, etc.
- Nonionic surfactants such as alkyl glycosides and the like.
- the reagent of the present invention may contain TAT that can be used as a standard substance.
- TAT may be TAT purified from a living body, or TAT synthesized by gene recombination. Synthetic TAT can be obtained, for example, by incubating thrombin and antithrombin available as biologics in a test tube.
- TAT can be synthesized by mixing and purifying what was expressed using a known translational expression system in E. coli, mammalian cells, insect cells infected with baculovirus, and the like. .
- Example 1 Preparation of Synthetic TAT
- Commercially available human thrombin preparation (manufactured by Japan Blood Products Organization) and antithrombin preparation (manufactured by Japan Blood Products Organization) were combined with PBS (Dulbecco PBS (-) powder “Nissui (Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)" , Dissolved at 9.6 g / L), mixed at a molar ratio of 1: 3, and reacted at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes, DFP (diisopropyl fluorophosphate, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added to 0.75 mM to stop the reaction.
- PBS Denbecco PBS (-) powder "Nissui (Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)" , Dissolved at 9.6 g / L)
- DFP diisopropyl fluorophosphate, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- Example 2 Preparation of Anti-TAT Antibody The cell fusion method was performed according to Tamie Ando and Ikuzaki Ikuzaki / Author “Monoclonal Antibody / Hybridoma and ELISA” (Kodansha). 50 ⁇ g of the synthetic TAT prepared in Example 1 was mixed with Freund's complete adjuvant (manufactured by DIFCO) to obtain an administration antigen. BALB / c mice (female, 4 weeks old) were administered 3 times at 2-week intervals, and the fourth dose was intravenously injected with a half amount of 25 ⁇ g. One week later, lymphocytes were isolated from the spleen and myeloma cells P3x63-Ag. After mixing with No.
- cell fusion was performed using polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000, manufactured by Merck). Hybridomas were selected using a HAT selection medium, and one week later, hybridomas producing the desired antibody were screened using the binding activity to synthetic TAT as an indicator. Specifically, synthetic TAT was diluted to 0.2 ⁇ g / mL with 0.05 M carbonate buffer (pH 9.5), and 50 ⁇ L / well was added to an immunoplate (Maxisorp, manufactured by NUNC). After reaction at 4 ° C. and Over Night, the plate was washed 3 times with PBS containing 0.05% Tween-20, and 100 ⁇ L of PBS containing 1.0% BSA was added to each well for blocking.
- PEG 4000 polyethylene glycol
- Hybridomas were selected using a HAT selection medium, and one week later, hybridomas producing the desired antibody were screened using the binding activity to synthetic TAT as an indicator.
- synthetic TAT was diluted to 0.2 ⁇ g / mL with 0.05 M carbon
- Example 3 Preparation of anti-thrombin antibody An anti -thrombin antibody was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 using immunizing antigen as thrombin. An antibody that specifically reacts with thrombin was selected, and one of these clones was used as an antithrombin antibody (T-1).
- a schematic diagram of the reaction system by the indirect inhibition ELISA is shown in FIG.
- An antibody (anti-TAT antibody) candidate that recognizes TAT at a concentration of 0.04 to 0.4 ⁇ g / mL to be evaluated is mixed with an inhibitory antigen (prothrombin (Enzyme Research), thrombin, antithrombin, synthetic TAT). Incubated.
- the partially inhibited antibody candidate was bound as a primary antibody to synthetic TAT immobilized on a 96-well plate.
- a peroxidase-labeled anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibody (manufactured by Dako) was bound as a secondary antibody, a chromogenic substrate was added, and the absorbance was measured.
- the residual ratio of the antibody was calculated from the color change rate.
- TAT-5 the absorbance when each inhibitory antigen was used is shown in Table 1, and the residual ratio of the antibody calculated from the absorbance is shown in Table 2.
- the residual rate was calculated for each antigen concentration of each antibody.
- Pro-T represents prothrombin
- T represents thrombin
- AT antithrombin.
- the TAT antigen amount which becomes the inhibition rate equivalent to the residual rate when inhibiting with antithrombin 50 microgram / mL was calculated, and the TAT reactivity difference (magnification) with respect to antithrombin was calculated
- magnification was calculated for 27 types of antibody clones. There were 13 types of antibodies in which the difference (magnification) between the amount of added TAT and antithrombin was 100 times or more, 7 types of antibodies having 1000 times or more, and 2 types of antibodies having 10,000 times or more. Table 5 shows the five types of antibodies.
- Example 5 Evaluation of TAT reactivity with latex agglutination method reagents
- Antithrombin side antibodies (TAT-1, TAT-2, TAT-3, TAT-4, TAT-5) evaluated by the indirect inhibition ELISA of Example 4 and execution
- the thrombin antibody (T-1) obtained in Example 3 was sensitized to latex particles, and the reactivity was evaluated. Sensitization of antibody with latex particles is performed by adsorbing each antibody to 0.32 ⁇ m polystyrene latex particles, blocking with 0.3% BSA solution, and then centrifugation to 0.05% sodium azide (Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.). The product was washed with a solution and then dispersed again in a 0.05% sodium azide solution.
- Reagents containing latex particles sensitized with the antibody prepared above were prepared and evaluated for reactivity to TAT.
- the composition of the used reagent is as follows.
- As the first reagent 100 mM Bis-tris (manufactured by Dojindo) pH 6.0, 500 mM NaCl, 0.15% BSA was used.
- As the second reagent each antibody-sensitized particle was diluted and mixed with a 0.05% sodium azide solution so that the absorbance at a wavelength of 700 nm was 1.0. Since serum contains a large amount of TAT, the serum TAT diluted with physiological saline containing 0.5% BSA and priced with CLEIA reagent was used.
- diluted serum TAT was used pooled plasma (manufactured by VITRO LOGIC) so that the TAT concentration was 1000 ng / mL.
- 7170S manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation
- the measurement parameters are set to a sample amount of 12 ⁇ L, a first reagent of 90 ⁇ L, a second reagent of 90 ⁇ L, a main wavelength of 570 nm, and a sub wavelength of 800 nm, and the absorbance at the 34th point of the photometry point minus the absorbance at the 20th point multiplied by 10000 Measurements were performed as ⁇ Abs. The results are shown in FIG.
- TAT 1000 ng / mL reactivity 100 or more in ⁇ Abs with respect to the absence of TAT.
- TAT-1, TAT-2 and TAT-3 in Table 3 were confirmed to be highly reactive by the latex agglutination method.
- the reactivity of TAT-4 and TAT-5 antibodies was also confirmed, although they were smaller than those of TAT-1, TAT-2 and TAT-3.
- Example 6 Evaluation of Cross-reactivity with Antithrombin Using Latex Aggregation Reagent
- the cross-reactivity of the prepared reagent with antithrombin was determined by subjecting the human serum described in Example 5 to 1000 ng / in physiological saline containing 0.5% BSA. Evaluation was performed using a sample further diluted with antithrombin at 250 to 500 ⁇ g / mL in the sample diluted to mL. The reactivity when no antithrombin was added and the reactivity when each concentration of antithrombin was added were compared. The measurement reagents, measurement equipment, and measurement parameters were all the same as in Example 4.
- the types of anti-TAT antibodies used for the evaluation are TAT-1, TAT-2, TAT-3, TAT-4, and TAT-5.
- the evaluation result of the cross-reactivity to antithrombin by the latex reagent is shown in FIG.
- Antibodies (TAT-1, TAT-2, TAT-3) that obtained a specificity of 100 times or more in the indirect inhibition ELISA of Example 4 retained a reactivity of 70% or more even when an antithrombin concentration of 500 ⁇ g / mL was added. It was.
- antibodies (TAT-4, TAT-5) of 100 times or less an extreme decrease in reactivity was observed with increasing antithrombin concentration (FIG. 5).
- Example 7 Effect of First Reagent pH
- the influence of the latex reagent pH on the reactivity was evaluated by changing the pH between 5.7 and 7.2.
- the reagent composition is 100 mM Bis-tris or MES (manufactured by Dojin Chemical), 700 mM NaCl, 0.15% BSA, 0.20% sodium alginate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries), 0.05% 150 (manufactured by Kao), TAT-1 for the antithrombin side antibody and T-1 for the thrombin side antibody as the second reagent so that each antibody-sensitized particle has an absorbance at 700 nm of 1.0. Diluted and mixed with 0.05% sodium azide solution.
- Antibody sensitization to latex particles was performed in the same manner as in Example 5 except that particles having a particle size of 0.20 ⁇ m were used.
- physiological saline containing 0.5% BSA denoted as Saline
- human pooled plasma denoted as Plasma
- concentration 10, 50, 100 ng / mL
- concentration 10, 50, 100 ng / mL
- concentration 10, 50, 100 ng / mL
- Example 8 Correlation Test Using Clinical Specimens it was verified whether the TAT measurement latex reagent of the present invention can be used for measuring TAT concentration in blood.
- the reagent composition prepared as follows was used. 100 mM Bis-tris pH 6.2, 700 mM NaCl, 0.05% Emulgen 150, 0.20% sodium alginate, 0.15% BSA were used as the first reagent. The same second reagent as in Example 7 was used. As a control reagent, measurement was performed using CLEIA reagent. As a standard product, a TAT calibrator (manufactured by LSI stipulatece) was used with both a latex reagent and a CLEIA reagent.
- the sample used was 20 citrate plasma samples.
- the measurement equipment and parameters were measured in the same manner as in Example 4.
- STACIA manufactured by LSI Rulece
- measurement was carried out according to the parameters described in the package insert.
- the results measured with both reagents are shown in FIG.
- the latex reagent according to the present invention was in the range of 3 ng / mL to 120 ng / mL, and clinical samples showed a good correlation with the measurement reagent using the conventional CLEIA reagent.
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Abstract
Description
現在主流のTAT定量法は、シーメンス社のエンザイグノスト(登録商標)TAT micro等の酵素免疫測定法(ELISA)を用いる試薬キット、およびLSIメディエンス社のステイシア(登録商標) CLEIA TAT等の化学発光酵素免疫測定法(CLEIA)を用いる試薬キットがあるが、いずれも固相・液相分離(B/F分離)が必要な測定法で、煩雑な洗浄作業が要り、手作業あるいは専用機器が必要である。
以上より、測定が簡便なラテックス凝集法において、高感度・高精度に生体試料中のTATを測定する試薬及び方法が求められていた。
TATの測定については、DIC診断基準の感度・特異度の向上の観点から、また、TAT測定値が正常であればDICは否定的とする除外診断用としての使用可能性の観点から、その臨床的有用性が認められている。しかし、現在は煩雑な手技を必要とするELISA法や専用機器を必要とするCLEIA法が主流であることが、測定の普及が遅れている原因ともされている。
従って、測定が簡便なラテックス凝集法において、高感度・高精度に生体試料中のTATを測定する試薬及び方法が求められていた。
また、その臨床的意義を考慮した場合、CLEIA法と同等の数ナノグラム単位で測定できる検出感度が必要であるが、CLEIA法と同等の感度をラテックス凝集法で達成することは、使用する粒子の特性などその測定原理から考えて、非常に困難な課題である。
また、ラテックス凝集法ではELISA法やCLEIA法等のように、洗浄等によるB/F分離の工程を含まないため、遊離アンチトロンビン等、本来目的とする測定対象物質以外との交差反応性を克服することが、試薬や測定法の構築をする際の課題である。
[1] トロンビン・アンチトロンビン複合体(TAT)測定試薬であって、
ラテックス粒子に結合した、アンチトロンビン側に結合してTATを認識する抗体、および
ラテックス粒子に結合した、トロンビン側に結合してTATを認識する抗体を含み、
前記アンチトロンビン側に結合してTATを認識する抗体は、TATに対する反応性が遊離アンチトロンビンに対する反応性の100倍以上であることを特徴とする、TAT測定試薬。
[2]測定時のpHが5.8~6.6となるように構成されていることを特徴とする、[1]に記載のTAT測定試薬。
[3]前記アンチトロンビン側に結合してTATを認識する抗体が結合したラテックス粒子および前記トロンビン側に結合してTATを認識する抗体が結合したラテックス粒子を含む第2試薬、ならびに、
pHが5.8~6.6の緩衝液を含む第1試薬を含む、[1]または[2]に記載のTAT測定試薬。
[4] 生体から分離された試料中に存在するTATを測定する方法であって、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載のTAT測定試薬を用いてラテックス凝集法を行うことによりTATを測定することを特徴とする方法。
[5] ラテックス凝集法によって、生体から分離された試料中に存在するTATを測定する際に使用される抗体をスクリーニングする方法であって、候補抗体を用意する工程、候補抗体を一定量の遊離アンチトロンビンと反応させる工程、前記工程後に得られた反応液を、TATが固定化された基材を用いた酵素免疫測定法に供することにより、抗体の遊離アンチトロンビンに対する反応性を測定する工程、該遊離アンチトロンビンに対する反応性を、抗体のTATに対する反応性と比較する工程、および、TATに対する反応性が遊離アンチトロンビンに対する反応性の100倍以上である抗体を選択する工程、を含む、抗体のスクリーニング方法。
[6]トロンビン・アンチトロンビン複合体(TAT)測定試薬であって、
ラテックス粒子に結合した、アンチトロンビン側に結合してTATを認識する第1の抗体、および
ラテックス粒子に結合した、トロンビン側に結合してTATを認識する第2の抗体を含み、
測定時のpHが5.8~6.6となるように構成されていることを特徴とする、TAT測定試薬。
[7]前記第1の抗体が結合したラテックス粒子および前記第2の抗体が結合したラテックス粒子を含む第2試薬、ならびに、
pHが5.8~6.6の緩衝液を含む第1試薬を含む、[6]に記載のTAT測定試薬。
[8]生体から分離された試料中に存在する試料中のTATを測定する方法であって、[6]または[7]に記載のTAT測定試薬を用いてラテックス免疫凝集反応をpHが5.8~6.6の条件で行うことによりTATを測定することを特徴とする方法。
本発明によれば、上記問題が解決できる。すなわち、ラテックス凝集法に使用可能な抗体を効率よく選択することが可能となり、信頼性、感度、特異性に優れた試薬を、タイムリーに市場に提供することが可能となる。
また、本発明が提供するラテックス凝集法の試薬により、生体試料中の微量なTATを血漿マトリクスなどのバックグラウンドの影響を回避しつつ、正確に測定(定量)することが可能である。また、汎用自動分析装置での測定が可能となり、手作業の工程や専用機器による測定といった制限が無くなるといった利点がある。
本発明によれば、反応時のpHを弱酸性に保つことで、感度、特異性ともに高性能の試薬の調製が可能である。pHが高くなると、生理食塩水ブランク・血漿ブランク・TAT反応性がpH依存的に下がる傾向が見出された。pHが中性よりも高いと反応性が落ちるというのは、本発明者らが見出した意外な効果であった。従って、反応時のpHを弱酸性域にすることで、高い反応性を持ち、特異性の高い試薬の提供が可能となった。
例えば、本発明のTAT測定試薬は、生体試料中のTATを測定するための、2種類のTAT抗体をそれぞれ結合させたラテックス粒子を用いた、サンドイッチ系でのラテックス凝集法による免疫測定試薬である。
第1抗体は、アンチトロンビン側に結合してTATを認識する抗TAT抗体であればよいが、血中でのTATの存在量が遊離アンチトロンビンの存在量と比べてごく微量なので、遊離アンチトロンビンとの交差反応性が小さい抗TAT抗体を用いることが好ましい。
具体的には、本発明のTAT測定試薬は、ラテックス粒子に結合した、アンチトロンビン側に結合してTATを認識する第1抗体、および、ラテックス粒子に結合した、トロンビン側に結合してTATを認識する第2抗体を含み、前記第1抗体のTATに対する反応性が遊離アンチトロンビンに対する反応性の100倍以上であることを特徴とする、TAT測定試薬であることが好ましい。ラテックス粒子に結合させる抗体は、2種類の粒子にそれぞれ2種類の抗体を結合させてもよいし、1種類の粒子に複数種類の抗体を結合させてもよいし、1種類の抗体を複数種類の粒子に結合させたものを混合して使用することもできる。
ここで、本願発明においてアンチトロンビン側に結合するとは、試料中に最も多く存在している遊離した状態のアンチトロンビンが、遊離トロンビンと結合して複合体(TAT)を形成している状態のアンチトロンビンに結合することを意味する。従って、複合体を形成した時の構造を有するアンチトロンビンを複合体型構造アンチトロンビン、複合体を形成していない時の構造を有するアンチトロンビンを遊離型構造アンチトロンビン(遊離アンチトロンビン)と称した場合、アンチトロンビン側に結合するとは、複合体型構造アンチトロンビンに結合することを意味する。
遊離型構造アンチトロンビンは、複合体型構造アンチトロンビンと異なる構造を有する。それは、遊離型構造アンチトロンビンは、遊離トロンビンと結合して複合体を形成することによってその構造が変化した状態で存在するためである。
該抗体を調製するにあたっては、ヒト以外の動物に対して、遊離トロンビンを免疫したものであっても、TATを免疫したものであってもよく、トロンビン側に結合してTATを認識することができる抗体であれば、本発明に使用することができる。
ここで、本発明においてトロンビン側に結合するとは、試料中に存在している遊離した状態のトロンビンが、アンチトロンビンに結合して複合体(TAT)を形成している状態のトロンビンに結合することを意味する。従って、複合体を形成した時の構造を有するトロンビンを複合体型構造トロンビン、複合体を形成していない時の構造を有するトロンビンを遊離型構造トロンビンと称した場合、トロンビン側に結合するとは、複合体型構造トロンビンに結合することを意味する。
遊離型構造トロンビンは、複合体型構造トロンビンと異なる構造を有する可能性が考えられる。それは、遊離型構造トロンビンは、アンチトロンビンと結合して複合体を形成することによってその構造が変化した状態で存在することによる。
抗体作製用に免疫原を免疫する動物としては、ヒツジ、ウマ、ヤギ、ウサギ、マウス、ラット等が使用可能であり、特にポリクローナル抗体作製にはウサギ、ヤギなどが好ましい。また、ハイブリドーマ細胞を作製する公知の方法によりモノクローナル抗体を得ることも可能であり、この場合はマウス、ラット或いはウサギ等が好ましい。
免疫原としては、上述したように、TATを使用してもよいし、ビトロネクチンが結合したVTATを免疫原として作製した抗体を本願発明の使用することもできる。また、第1抗体の場合はアンチトロンビンを、第2抗体の場合にはトロンビンを使用してもよい。
これらの免疫原は、生体から採取された試料を原料として精製されたTATを使用してもよいし、遊離トロンビンと遊離アンチトロンビンを混合してinvitroで合成したTATを使用してもよい。合成TATとしては、例えば、生物製剤として入手可能なトロンビンとアンチトロンビンを試験管内でインキュベートして得られるTATでもよいし、大腸菌や哺乳動物細胞、バキュロウイルスを感染させた昆虫細胞等、既知の翻訳発現系を使用して発現させたものを回収して精製したものを免疫原として使用してもよい。
また、立体構造の違いを部分的なペプチドのみで免疫させることが可能である場合、具体的に抗体の結合部位を特定して抗体を作製したい場合には第1抗体の場合はアンチトロンビン、第2抗体の場合はトロンビンの部分ペプチドを用いて作製することもできる。その場合の抗原としてのペプチド配列の選択やペプチド断片の合成方法、免疫方法は既知の方法を使用することができる。
まず、アンチトロンビン側に結合してTATを認識する抗体(第1抗体の候補抗体)を用意する。このような抗体は、後述のハイブリドーマによるモノクローナル抗体産生法等により抗体を得たのち、結合部位がアンチトロンビン側である、TATを認識する抗体を選択すればよい。もちろん、あらかじめ、結合部位がアンチトロンビン側である、TATを認識する抗体が存在する場合はそれを以下の評価系に供すればよい。
該抗体の反応を阻害する抗原が存在しない条件で、各濃度(例えば0.04~1μg/mL)の上記第1抗体の候補抗体を、上記TATを固定化した基材と一定時間反応させる。その後、洗浄操作を行った後、標識2次抗体(抗マウスIgG-HRP)を用いて、基材上のTATに結合した抗体の量を測定する。吸光度が1.0付近(表1の記載方法だと1000)となる抗体濃度を決定する。この抗体濃度を、抗原による阻害時の抗体濃度とすることができる(表3;反応時濃度(μg/mL))。
次に上記方法で決定した濃度の候補抗体と一定量(例えば、0.1、0.5、1、5、10、50μg/mL)のTATまたは遊離アンチトロンビンを含む溶液とを十分な時間(例えば、12時間)反応させる。次いで、前記反応液をTATを固定化した基材と一定時間反応させる。その後、洗浄操作を行った後、標識2次抗体(抗マウスIgG-HRP)を用いて基材上のTATに結合した抗体の量(抗体残存率)を測定する。
なお、抗体残存率は、抗原による吸収が未実施の時に得られる検出値を100%として算出できる。
この抗体残存率を、最初にTATと抗体とを反応させた(阻害反応をTATで行った)後に、反応液を固体化TATと反応させたときの抗体残存率と比較する。
このようにして選択された抗体を第1抗体として選択することができる。なお、第1抗体は、モノクローナル抗体の場合、TATに対する親和性(Kd)が10-8以下であることが好ましいが、当業者であればTATに対する親和性の値を参考としてラテックス試薬に適した抗体の選択を適宜することが可能である。
TAT測定試薬に求められる感度は、健常人と患者とを明確に区別できる基準値、或いはその2倍の濃度を測定できることが必要であるため、本発明の試薬は生体試料中の10~15ng/mLのTATを定量できる試薬であることが好ましく、3~4ng/mLのTATを定量できる試薬であることがより好ましく、1ng/mL程度の濃度でも定量できる試薬であることがさらに好ましい。
使用するラテックス粒子の種類は、1種類のラテックス粒子のみを使用してもよいし、複数種のラテックス粒子を使用してもよい。例えば、粒子径の異なるラテックス粒子を組み合わせて使用することができる。ラテックス粒子は単一粒径で製造することは実質的に困難であることから、粒子全体の平均粒子径として規定される。従って、平均粒子径0.05μm~0.5μmという場合、当該範囲に含まれないラテックス粒子を含む場合であっても、本発明に該当する場合がある。当業者にとって、粒径が異なるラテックス粒子が含まれることは常識の範囲内であり、当業者であれば、その粒径の分布に大きく偏りの無い粒子群を含む溶液を使用してラテックス試薬の構築することが可能である。
なお、この平均粒子径は、公知の方法で測定することが可能であり、例えば、透過型電子顕微鏡装置を用いた画像解析により算出される。
ラテックス粒子に抗体を結合させる際には、抗体が、上記のTATに対する反応性および特異性を維持できる条件で行う。
好適な試薬の調製が行いやすいことから、第1抗体を固相した第1のラテックス粒子、第2抗体を固相した第2のラテックス粒子として、抗体の種類ごとに固相ラテックス液を調製することもできるし、1種類のラテックス粒子に第1の抗体と第2の抗体を固相させて試薬の調製を行うこともできる。抗体とラテックス粒子をどのように固相させて試薬の調製を行うかは、当業者であれば適宜設計することができる。
pHはpH調節剤によって調節されてもよいが、緩衝液により調整されることが好ましい。トリス緩衝液、ビス-トリス緩衝液、リン酸緩衝液、又はグッド緩衝液などが好適に使用され、反応時の緩衝液濃度は10~500mmol/Lであることが好ましく、20~200mmol/Lであることがより好ましい。
なお、血液試料を試薬と混合したときのpHが5.8~6.6から外れる場合は、別途、pH調整剤などで調整されてもよい。
市販のヒトトロンビン製剤(日本血液製剤機構製)とアンチトロンビン製剤(日本血液製剤機構製)をPBS(ダルベッコPBS(-)粉末「ニッスイ(日水製薬株式会社製)」、を9.6g/Lで溶解)で希釈し、1:3のモル比で混合後、37℃で30分間反応させた。30分後、DFP(フルオロリン酸ジイソプロピル、和光純薬社製)を0.75mMになるように添加し反応を停止した。
得られた反応物には未反応のトロンビン、アンチトロンビンが含まれるため、予め500mMのNaClを含む50mM Tris-HCl緩衝液(pH7.4)で平衡化したHiload 26/60 Superdex 200 HR(GEヘルスケア社製)によって精製した。
TAT画分はSDS-PAGEで確認した後、回収した。得られたTATは0.5%のBSAを含む生理食塩水で希釈し、CLEIA試薬(ステイシア(登録商標) CLEIA TAT、LSIメディエンス社製)を用いて値付けした。これを合成TATとして使用した。
細胞融合法は、安藤民衛・岩崎辰夫/著「単クローン抗体/ハイブリドーマとELISA」(講談社)に従って実施した。
実施例1で調製した合成TAT 50μgをフロインド完全アジュバント(DIFCO社製)と混合し、投与抗原とした。
BALB/cマウス(メス、4週令)に2週間間隔で3回投与し、4回目の投与は半量の25μgを静注した。
1週間後、脾臓よりリンパ球を分離し、ミエローマ細胞P3x63-Ag.8と混合した後、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG4000、メルク社製)を用いて細胞融合を実施した。
HAT選択培地によりハイブリドーマを選択し、1週間後目的の抗体を産生しているハイブリドーマを合成TATに対する結合活性を指標にスクリーニングした。すなわち、0.05M炭酸緩衝液(pH9.5)で合成TATをそれぞれ0.2μg/mLに希釈し、イムノプレート(Maxisorp、NUNC社製)に50μL/ウェル添加した。4℃、Over Nightで反応後、0.05% Tween-20を含むPBSで3回洗浄し、1.0%BSAを含むPBSを各ウェルに100μL添加しブロッキングを行った。
次に、培養上清各ウェルに50μL添加し、37℃で1時間反応させた後、0.05%Tween-20を含むPBSで3回洗浄した。ペルオキシダーゼ標識抗マウスイムノグロブリン抗体(Dako社製)を、0.05% Tween-20を含むPBSで1000倍に希釈し、各ウェルに50μL添加した。
37℃、1時間反応後、同様に5回洗浄しo-フェニレンジアミン溶液(和光純薬社製)を各ウェル50μL添加した。室温で5~10分間反応後、2N硫酸溶液で反応を停止した。
プレート分光光度計(EL312e、BIO-TEK INSTRUMENTS社製)で492nmの吸光度を測定した。合成TATとの反応が良好な抗体を産生している細胞を選択し、限界希釈法によりクローニングを行った。10日後、スクリーニングを行い、合成TATと反応する抗体を産生するハイブリドーマを取得した。
実施例2と同様の方法で免疫抗原をトロンビンとして、抗トロンビン抗体を得た。トロンビンに対して特異的に反応する抗体を選択し、このうちの1クローンを抗トロンビン抗体(T-1)として使用した。
間接阻害ELISA法によって、各抗体の反応性の評価を行った。間接阻害ELISA法による反応系の模式図を図2に示す。
評価しようとする0.04~0.4μg/mLの濃度のTATを認識する抗体(抗TAT抗体)候補を阻害抗原(プロトロンビン(エンザイムリサーチ社製)、トロンビン、アンチトロンビン、合成TAT)と混合し、インキュベートした。一部阻害された該抗体候補を一次抗体として、96ウェルプレートに固相化した合成TATと結合させた。さらにペルオキシダーゼ標識抗マウスイムノグロブリン抗体(Dako社製)を二次抗体として結合させ、発色基質を添加し吸光度を測定した。また、発色の変化率から、抗体の残存率を計算した。
特定の抗体(TAT-5)について、各阻害抗原を用いた時の吸光度を表1に、吸光度から計算された抗体の残存率を表2に示した。
例えば、TATの阻害抗原濃度が10μg/mLの時の残存率は、285/1066×100=26.7(%)となる。各抗体の各抗原濃度について残存率を算出した。なお、表中において、Pro-Tはプロトロンビンを、Tはトロンビンを、ATはアンチトロンビンを示す。
例えば、TAT-5の場合、アンチトロンビン 50 μg/mLの残存率は、74.0%でありその残存率と同様となるTAT抗原量は1.144 μg/mLである。すなわち、反応性の差は50/1.144=44倍となる。(図3)。
実施例4の間接阻害ELISAで評価したアンチトロンビン側抗体(TAT-1、TAT-2、TAT-3、TAT-4、TAT-5)および実施例3で得たトロンビン側抗体(T-1)をラテックス粒子に感作してその反応性を評価した。
抗体のラテックス粒子への感作はそれぞれの抗体を0.32μmのポリスチレンラテックス粒子に吸着させ、0.3% BSA溶液でブロッキング処理をしたのち遠心処理により0.05% アジ化ナトリウム(キシダ化学社製)溶液で洗浄後、再度0.05% アジ化ナトリウム溶液に分散させて行った。
上記で作製した抗体を感作したラテックス粒子を含む試薬を調製し、TATに対する反応性を評価した。使用した試薬の組成は、以下の通りである。第1試薬には、100mM Bis-tris(同仁化学社製) pH6.0、500mM NaCl、0.15% BSAを使用した。第2試薬には、各抗体感作粒子が波長700nmにおける吸光度が1.0になるように0.05%アジ化ナトリウム溶液で希釈し混合したものを使用した。
血清中には多量のTATが含まれるため、これを0.5%のBSAを含む生理食塩水で希釈しCLEIA試薬で値付けをしたものを血清TATとして使用した。測定用試料としては、値付けされた血清TATをプール血漿(VITRO LOGIC社製)でTAT濃度が1000ng/mLになるように希釈したものを使用した。
測定機器としては7170S(日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製)を使用した。測定用パラメータは、サンプル量12μL、第1試薬90μL、第2試薬90μL、主波長570nm、副波長800nmに設定し、測光ポイント34ポイント目の吸光度から20ポイント目の吸光度を差し引き10000倍したものをΔAbsとして測定を実施した。
結果を図4に示す。表3で示した5種類の抗体はいずれも、TAT無添加に対してTAT 1000ng/mLの反応性がΔAbsで100以上であった。
表3におけるTAT-1、TAT-2、TAT-3は、ラテックス凝集法で高い反応性が確認できた。また、TAT-4、TAT-5の抗体についても、前記TAT-1、TAT-2、TAT-3より小さいものの反応性が確認された。
調製した試薬のアンチトロンビンとの交差反応性を実施例5に記載のヒト血清を0.5%BSAを含む生理食塩水で1000ng/mLに希釈したサンプル中に更にアンチトロンビンを250、500μg/mLになるように添加したサンプルを用いて評価した。
アンチトロンビン無添加のときの反応性と各濃度のアンチトロンビンを添加した時の反応性を比較した。
測定用試薬、測定機器、測定パラメータはいずれも実施例4と同様にして実施した。評価に使用した抗TAT抗体の種類は、TAT-1、TAT-2、TAT-3、TAT-4、TAT-5である。
ラテックス試薬によるアンチトロンビンへの交差反応性の評価結果を図5に示す。実施例4の間接阻害ELISAで100倍以上の特異性が得られた抗体(TAT-1、TAT-2、TAT-3)はアンチトロンビン濃度500μg/mL添加でも70%以上の反応性を保持していた。一方、100倍以下の抗体(TAT-4、TAT-5)についてはアンチトロンビン濃度の増加に伴い、いずれも極端な反応性低下が認められた(図5)。
実施例5のラテックス凝集反応系において反応性が確認された各抗体について、ELISA法によって交差反応性を確認した結果、TAT-1、TAT-2、TAT-3の各抗体ではラテックス凝集の両反応系において高い特異性が認められたのに対し、TAT-4、TAT-5の各抗体はラテックス凝集法で反応性は見られるものの、特異性が十分ではないことが明らかとなった。
従って、実施例4の間接阻害ELISAによって確認した抗体の反応性の差が100倍以上の時に、それらの抗体は試薬としての使用に非常に有用であることが認められた。
ラテックス試薬のpHによる反応性への影響を、pH5.7~7.2の間で変えて評価した。
試薬組成としては、第1試薬として100mM Bis-trisまたはMES(同仁化学社製)、700mM NaCl、0.15% BSA、0.20% アルギン酸ナトリウム(和光純薬社製)、0.05% エマルゲン150(花王社製)、第2試薬としてアンチトロンビン側抗体にはTAT-1、トロンビン側抗体にはT-1を使用し、各抗体感作粒子が700nmにおける吸光度が1.0になるように0.05%アジ化ナトリウム溶液で希釈し混合した。ラテックス粒子への抗体感作は、粒径0.20μmの粒子を用いたこと以外は実施例5と同様に実施した。
測定対象サンプルの調製は、0.5% BSAを含む生理食塩水(Salineと表記)、ヒトプール血漿(Plasmaと表記)を使用した。また、CLEIA試薬によって値付けされたヒト血清を、上記プール血漿で各濃度(10、50、100ng/mL)に希釈したものを、TATサンプルとした。測定機器、パラメータは実施例4と同様にしておこなった。
第1試薬の緩衝液としてBis-trisを使用し、pHを6.0~7.2の間で変化させた場合の反応性への影響は、以下のような傾向がみられた。まず、pH6.7でSaline Baseが0以下となった(図6)。血漿ベースを差し引いたTAT反応性への影響はpHが高くなると徐々に反応性が下がる傾向が見られた(図7)。
高感度にTATを測定できる試薬性能を目指して、TAT濃度が50ng/mLの時のシグナル(ΔAbs)100以上を1つの指標とすることとし、その場合、反応液中におけるpHは6.6以下が好ましいことが分かった(図7)。
更に、ブランクの抑制と反応性の両立を目指し、pH5.7~6.2におけるブランク値への影響を調べた。その結果、ブランクの吸光度はBis-tris、MESいずれの緩衝液を用いた場合もpHが上昇すると低くなる傾向が見られた。特に、pH5.7から5.8の間での低下が大きく、pH6.0からpH6.2の間で吸光度が100以下となることが判明した(図8、9)。
pHが高くなると、Salineブランク・Plasmaブランク・TAT反応性がpH依存的に下がる傾向が見出された。pHが中性よりも高いと反応性が落ちるというのは、本発明者らが見出した、意外な効果であった。
以上より、ブランク抑制の観点からはpHの下限が5.8で、pH6.2が特に好ましく、反応性維持の観点から、pHの上限が6.6で、6.2が特に好ましいことが分かった。
臨床検体を使用して、本発明のTAT測定ラテックス試薬が、血中のTAT濃度測定に使用することができるか検証した。
試薬組成は以下の通り調製したものを使用した。100mM Bis-tris pH6.2、700mM NaCl、0.05% エマルゲン150、0.20% アルギン酸ナトリウム、0.15% BSAを第1試薬とした。第2試薬には実施例7と同様のものを使用した。
対照試薬には、CLEIA試薬を用いて測定した。標準品には、TATキャリブレーター(LSIメディエンス社製)をラテックス試薬、CLEIA試薬ともに使用した。
使用検体は、クエン酸血漿20検体を使用した。測定機器、パラメータはいずれも実施例4と同様にして測定した。CLEIA試薬の測定機器はSTACIA(LSIメディエンス社製)を使用し、添付文書記載のパラメータに準じて測定を実施した。
両試薬によって測定された結果について図10に示した。
本発明によるラテックス試薬は、3ng/mL~120ng/mLの範囲で、臨床検体でも従来のCLEIA試薬による測定試薬と良好な相関性を示した。本発明を用いればB/F分離などの処理を行うことなく、高感度に臨床検体での測定が可能である。
Claims (8)
- トロンビン・アンチトロンビン複合体(TAT)測定試薬であって、
ラテックス粒子に結合した、アンチトロンビン側に結合してTATを認識する抗体、および
ラテックス粒子に結合した、トロンビン側に結合してTATを認識する抗体を含み、
前記アンチトロンビン側に結合してTATを認識する抗体は、TATに対する反応性が遊離アンチトロンビンに対する反応性の100倍以上であることを特徴とする、TAT測定試薬。 - 測定時のpHが5.8~6.6となるように構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のTAT測定試薬。
- 前記アンチトロンビン側に結合してTATを認識する抗体が結合したラテックス粒子および前記トロンビン側に結合してTATを認識する抗体が結合したラテックス粒子を含む第2試薬、ならびに、
pHが5.8~6.6の緩衝液を含む第1試薬を含む、請求項1または2に記載のTAT測定試薬。 - 生体から分離された試料中に存在するTATを測定する方法であって、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のTAT測定試薬を用いてラテックス凝集法を行うことによりTATを測定することを特徴とする方法。
- ラテックス凝集法によって、生体から分離された試料中に存在するTATを測定する際に使用される抗体をスクリーニングする方法であって、抗体の候補抗体を用意する工程、候補抗体を一定量の遊離アンチトロンビンと反応させる工程、前記工程後に得られた反応液を、TATが固定化された基材を用いた酵素免疫測定法に供することにより、抗体の遊離アンチトロンビンに対する反応性を測定する工程、該遊離アンチトロンビンに対する反応性を、抗体のTATに対する反応性と比較する工程、および、TATに対する反応性が遊離アンチトロンビンに対する反応性の100倍以上である抗体を選択する工程、を含む、抗体のスクリーニング方法。
- トロンビン・アンチトロンビン複合体(TAT)測定試薬であって、
ラテックス粒子に結合した、アンチトロンビン側に結合してTATを認識する第1の抗体、および
ラテックス粒子に結合した、トロンビン側に結合してTATを認識する第2の抗体を含み、
測定時のpHが5.8~6.6となるように構成されていることを特徴とする、TAT測定試薬。 - 前記第1の抗体が結合したラテックス粒子および前記第2の抗体が結合したラテックス粒子を含む第2試薬、ならびに、
pHが5.8~6.6の緩衝液を含む第1試薬を含む、請求項6に記載のTAT測定試薬。 - 生体から分離された試料中に存在する試料中のTATを測定する方法であって、請求項6または7に記載のTAT測定試薬を用いてラテックス免疫凝集反応をpHが5.8~6.6の条件で行うことによりTATを測定することを特徴とする方法。
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