WO2016155613A1 - 用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊及其制备方法和自修复混凝土及其制备方法 - Google Patents

用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊及其制备方法和自修复混凝土及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2016155613A1
WO2016155613A1 PCT/CN2016/077788 CN2016077788W WO2016155613A1 WO 2016155613 A1 WO2016155613 A1 WO 2016155613A1 CN 2016077788 W CN2016077788 W CN 2016077788W WO 2016155613 A1 WO2016155613 A1 WO 2016155613A1
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self
core
microcapsule
microcapsules
concrete
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French (fr)
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董必钦
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Shenzhen University
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Shenzhen University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/38Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
    • C04B24/383Cellulose or derivatives thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/10Coating or impregnating
    • C04B20/1018Coating or impregnating with organic materials
    • C04B20/1029Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B20/1033Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J13/00Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/02Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/04Making microcapsules or microballoons by physical processes, e.g. drying, spraying
    • B01J13/043Drying and spraying
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C04B14/04Silica-rich materials; Silicates
    • C04B14/06Quartz; Sand
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/10Coating or impregnating
    • C04B20/1018Coating or impregnating with organic materials
    • C04B20/1029Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B20/1048Polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, or derivatives thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B22/00Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators or shrinkage compensating agents
    • C04B22/08Acids or salts thereof
    • C04B22/14Acids or salts thereof containing sulfur in the anion, e.g. sulfides
    • C04B22/142Sulfates
    • C04B22/148Aluminium-sulfate
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/26Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B24/2676Polystyrenes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/2038Resistance against physical degradation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/34Non-shrinking or non-cracking materials

Definitions

  • cracks The control and repair of cracks is the most important part of improving the durability of concrete materials. At present, there are several common repair methods for cracks: organic coating repair method, grouting method, fiber wrapping repair method,
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a microcapsule for self-repairing concrete, comprising a capsule core and a capsule wall, wherein the components of the capsule core include a repairing agent and a microcrystalline fiber.
  • the material of the capsule wall is a polymer organic material sensitive to crack stress.
  • the rice line-like core material obtained in the step 202 is poured into a roller in the spheronization device, and the core particles are rolled out;
  • the coating liquid is prepared, the ethyl cellulose is 100 parts by weight, the ethanol is 150-300 parts by weight, and the toluene is 800-1000 parts by weight; the ethyl cellulose is dissolved in the ethanol and In a mixture of toluene.
  • the polystyrene is 100 parts by weight and the chloroform is 900-1600 parts by weight; and the polystyrene is dissolved in the chloroform.
  • the microcapsules are spherical, the microcapsules have a particle diameter of 200-500 micrometers, and the microcapsules have a wall thickness of 50-200 micrometers.
  • the curing repair material is an epoxy resin or a curing agent.
  • the invention provides a preparation method of self-repairing concrete, which comprises the following steps:
  • the present invention provides a microcapsule for self-healing concrete, comprising a core and a capsule wall, wherein the components of the core comprise a repair agent, microcrystalline cellulose and Tween 80, the wall of the capsule
  • the material is a polymer organic material that is sensitive to crack stress.
  • the microcapsules for self-repairing concrete the material of the capsule wall is selected to be sensitive to crack stress, and the polymer material can be cracked when the crack is generated during the use of the concrete, and the core material is released;
  • the repairing agent can react to form an expanded product in the concrete to fill the crack and realize the repairing effect on the crack; in addition, the solidifying repairing material which can fill the repairing effect of the crack can also be selected in the core forming material to realize the repairing effect on the crack.
  • the microcapsule-based crack self-repairing concrete is a microcapsule which incorporates a physical triggering function sensitive to external stress in the conventional component of concrete, and forms a self-repairing system for intelligently repairing cracks inside the concrete, through a typical concrete production process,
  • the microcapsules are evenly distributed in the concrete, and the microcapsule material does not break during the mixing and curing process.
  • the microcapsules implanted in the concrete can be stably stored in the matrix for a long time.
  • FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of a microcapsule according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a 3D reconstruction diagram of internal microcapsules of a cement-based material sample according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 5-1 is an image of a XCT horizontal section of a microcapsule repairing a crack of a cement-based material sample provided in Example 1 of the present invention after a 0-day repair period;
  • Example 5-2 is an image of a XCT horizontal section of a microcapsule repairing a crack of a cement-based material sample provided by Example 1 of the present invention after a 63-day repair period;
  • 6-1 is an image of a XCT horizontal section of a microcapsule repairing a crack of a cement-based material sample according to Example 2 of the present invention after a 0-day repair period;
  • 6-2 is an image of a XCT horizontal section of a microcapsule repairing a crack of a cement-based material sample according to Example 2 of the present invention after a 63-day repair period;
  • 6-3 is an image of a XCT horizontal section of a microcapsule repairing a crack of a cement-based material sample according to Example 2 of the present invention after a repair period of 105 days;
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing the repair rate of microcapsules to cracks in cement-based material samples of cement-based material samples provided in Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a microcapsule for self-healing concrete, comprising a core and a capsule wall, wherein the components of the core comprise a repair agent, microcrystalline cellulose and Tween 80, the wall of the capsule
  • the material is a polymer organic material that is sensitive to crack stress.
  • the microcapsules for self-healing concrete provided by the present invention include a capsule core, which in composition comprises a restorative agent, microcrystalline cellulose, and Tween 80.
  • the restorative agent is preferably a sulphoaluminate cement.
  • the present invention has no particular requirement for microcrystalline cellulose, and microcrystalline cellulose which is well known to those skilled in the art can be used.
  • the present invention has no special requirements for Tween 80, and Tween 80, which is well known to those skilled in the art, is employed.
  • the mass ratio of the restorative agent, microcrystalline cellulose and Tween 80 is preferably 100: (90 to 100): (8 to 10), more preferably 100: 95: 9.
  • the capsule core preferably further comprises a cured repair material.
  • the curing repair material is preferably an epoxy resin or a curing agent, and the present invention has no special requirement for the source of the epoxy resin or the curing agent, and the epoxy resin or curing agent known to those skilled in the art can be used.
  • the mass ratio of the cured restorative material, microcrystalline cellulose, and Tween 80 is preferably 100: (90 to 100): (8 to 10), more preferably 100: 95: 9.
  • the particle diameter of the core is preferably from 150 to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably from 200 to 400 ⁇ m.
  • the microcapsules for self-healing concrete provided by the present invention include a capsule wall whose material is a polymer organic material sensitive to crack stress.
  • the polymer organic material sensitive to crack stress is preferably a polyacrylic resin, a polystyrene resin or an ethyl cellulose.
  • the capsule core is preferably prepared according to the following steps:
  • Extrusion and finening mixing the core material of the step (201) into an extrusion device to obtain a core material of a rice line shape;
  • discharging spheronization pouring the rice line-like core material into a roller in a spheronization device to obtain a core particle;
  • Drying The core particles are dried under forced air, and the drying temperature is 30-40 °C.
  • the core material is preferably weighed in parts by weight, including 100 parts of the repairing agent, 90-100 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 8-10 parts of Tween 80 and 100-120 parts of ethanol; Specifically, it is 100 parts of repairing agent, 95 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 9 parts of Tween 80 and 110 parts of ethanol, or 100 parts of repairing agent, 95 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 10 parts of Tween 80 and 115 parts of ethanol.
  • 30% ethanol is preferably ethanol having a volume percentage concentration of 30%.
  • the core material is preferably mixed, and is introduced into an extrusion device through a feeding port of the extrusion device, and is extruded and finely obtained to obtain a rice core material.
  • the invention has no special requirements on the extrusion equipment used, and the capsule core extrusion equipment well known to those skilled in the art can be used, and there is no special requirement for the extrusion and extraction process parameters, and the person skilled in the art is employed. The parameters of the extrusion process are well known.
  • the present invention preferably puts the core particles after rolling out of the rounding device into the drum of the drying device and performs drying under forced air; in the present invention, the drying temperature is preferably 30-40 ° C. After drying, the core is obtained.
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of microcapsules for self-repairing concrete, comprising the following steps:
  • preparing a coating liquid weighing 100 parts by weight of a polymer organic material sensitive to crack stress, and 900 to 1600 parts by weight of a solvent, dissolving a polymer material sensitive to crack stress in a solvent to obtain a coating liquid;
  • spray coating the capsule core obtained in the step 1301 is placed in a roller of a spray coating device, and in the coating mode, the coating liquid obtained in the step 1302 is sprayed through the spray nozzle of the device to the spray nozzle.
  • 1 to 2 g of talc is added every 5 to 10 minutes to obtain a coated core;
  • drying the coated capsule core obtained in the step 1303 is dried under forced air conditions, naturally cooled and naturally dried to obtain microcapsules, the drying temperature is 30-40 ° C, the drying time For 10 to 20 minutes, the drying is carried out in a drum of a drying apparatus.
  • the present invention preferably prepares the capsule core according to the preparation method of the capsule core according to the above technical solution, and details are not described herein again.
  • the capsule core After the capsule core is obtained, it is preferred to prepare a coating liquid.
  • the solvent is preferably a mixture of ethanol and toluene or trichlorotoluene.
  • the weight ratio of the ethanol to toluene is preferably (150 to 300): (800 to 1000), and the present invention has no special requirements for the source of ethanol and toluene.
  • Ethanol and toluene which are well known to those skilled in the art, can be used.
  • the high molecular organic material sensitive to crack stress is ethyl cellulose
  • the present invention preferably comprises 100 parts by weight of ethyl cellulose, 150 to 300 parts of ethanol and 800 to 1000 parts of toluene as a coating liquid by weight.
  • the raw material is prepared; in the present invention, the ethyl cellulose is preferably dissolved in the mixed liquid of ethanol and toluene.
  • the present invention preferably puts the capsule core into the drum of the spray coating device, and in the coating mode, the coating liquid is sprayed by the spray nozzle of the device onto the rolling capsule core, in the coating mode.
  • 1 to 2 g of talc powder was added every 5 to 10 minutes to obtain a coated core.
  • the present invention preferably cools the coated capsule core under forced air conditions, naturally cools and naturally dries to obtain microcapsules; in the present invention, the drying temperature is preferably 30. ⁇ 40 ° C, the drying time is preferably 10 to 20 minutes, and the drying is preferably carried out in a drum of a drying apparatus; the present invention has no special requirements for the drying apparatus, and a drying apparatus well known to those skilled in the art can be used.
  • the present invention preferably analyzes the physical properties of the obtained microcapsules, and determines whether the obtained microcapsules meet the needs of the concrete self-repairing system; in the embodiment of the present invention, the photographing analysis is specifically performed by an electron microscope scanning instrument; Preferably, the obtained microcapsules are also subjected to stress performance tests to determine whether the obtained microcapsules can be broken under stress.
  • the invention provides a self-repairing concrete, comprising cement, sand, water and the microcapsule prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution or the above technical solution, the amount of the microcapsule is 0.05 per cubic meter of concrete.
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of self-repairing concrete, comprising the following steps:
  • step 1502 stirring the step 1501 to weigh the obtained cement, sand and microcapsules until the dispersion is uniform to obtain a mixture;
  • the mass ratio of cement to water is preferably 1:0.4.
  • the obtained concrete is preferably cured to obtain a concrete curing sample; in the present invention, there is no special requirement for the curing process of the concrete, and the curing method well known to those skilled in the art may be used.
  • the curing method The steps are specifically: vibrating concrete, watering the workpiece, standing, demoulding, scraping the slurry, secondary standing, demoulding and curing; in the present invention, the watering workpiece is preferably a stepwise or stepwise method.
  • the time for standing is preferably 1 to 2 hours, and the time for the second standing is preferably 24 hours.
  • the curing of the present invention is preferably carried out in a concrete standard curing box, and the curing time is preferably 28 days.
  • the concrete standard of the present invention is There is no special requirement for the curing box, and a concrete standard curing box known to those skilled in the art can be used.
  • the present invention preferably performs a preloading of 900N on the concrete curing sample to obtain a concrete curing sample with cracks inside; in the present invention, it is preferable to perform X-ray computed tomography on the concrete curing sample with internal cracks.
  • XCT Scanning technology
  • the conditions of the secondary curing according to the present invention are preferably standard curing conditions, specifically The relative humidity is higher than 95%, and the humidity is 21 ° C; in the embodiment of the present invention, the time of secondary curing is specifically 0 days, 21 days, 42 days, 63 days, 84 days, and 105 days.
  • the invention preferably performs XCT analysis, 3D reconstruction and image processing analysis on the concrete curing samples after secondary curing, and observes the modification of the cracks of the self-repairing concrete.
  • the present invention provides a microcapsule for self-healing concrete, comprising a core and a capsule wall, wherein the components of the core comprise a repair agent, microcrystalline cellulose and Tween 80, the wall of the capsule
  • the material is a polymer organic material that is sensitive to crack stress.
  • the microcapsules for self-repairing concrete the material of the capsule wall is selected to be sensitive to crack stress, and the polymer material can be cracked when the crack is generated during the use of the concrete, and the core material is released;
  • the repairing agent can react to form an expanded product in the concrete to fill the crack and realize the repairing effect on the crack; in addition, the curing material which can repair the crack can be selected in the material for forming the capsule to realize the repairing effect on the crack.
  • microcapsule preparation process used in the invention is simple in operation, easy to implement, and provides conditions for industrialized mass production.
  • the microcapsule-based crack self-repairing concrete is a microcapsule which incorporates a physical triggering function sensitive to external stress in the conventional component of concrete, and forms a self-repairing system for intelligently repairing cracks inside the concrete, through a typical concrete production process,
  • the microcapsules are evenly distributed in the concrete, and the microcapsule material does not break during the mixing and curing process.
  • the microcapsules implanted in the concrete can be stably stored in the matrix for a long time.
  • microcapsules for self-repairing concrete provided by the present invention are described below with reference to the embodiments, but they are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
  • Table 1 repair agent is the core material of aluminum sulfate cement (parts by weight)
  • 30% ethanol means ethanol having a volume percentage concentration of 30%.
  • the core material is weighed, and the weighed raw materials are respectively mixed, put into an extrusion equipment for extrusion and thinning, and the rice core material is extruded, and the rice linear core material is poured into the round
  • the drum in the equipment is rolled out of the core particles, and the core particles are dried under the condition of forced ventilation at 30-40 ° C to obtain a capsule core.
  • Table 2 solvent is the amount of coating liquid used in the mixture of ethanol and toluene
  • the raw materials were weighed according to the five formulations in Table 2, and ethyl cellulose was dissolved in a mixture of ethanol and toluene to prepare a coating liquid.
  • step 1) After atomizing the coating liquid, spray it onto the capsule core obtained in step 1), and add 1-2 g of talc powder every 5-10 minutes, and dry under the condition of forced ventilation at a drying temperature of 30-40 ° C. After -20 minutes, then naturally cool down and dry naturally to obtain microcapsules.
  • microcapsules are rounded, having a particle size of 200-500 microns and a wall thickness of 50-100 microns.
  • the prepared microcapsules are placed under the electron microscope scanning instrument for photo analysis. As shown in FIG. 1, it is observed whether the obtained microcapsules meet the needs of the self-repairing system. According to FIG. 1, the microcapsules obtained by the invention have Good physical properties, such as rough surface, uniform particle size and good molding, which makes the microcapsules better integrated with the concrete and evenly distributed.
  • the prepared microcapsules are placed on a physical stress triggering device to investigate whether the microcapsules prepared by the invention can be broken under stress. As shown in FIG. 3, the microcapsules prepared by the invention can be triggered under suitable physical stress. rupture.
  • the dark spheres are microcapsules, and the microcapsules are better integrated with concrete. And a uniform distribution, the light sphere in Figure 4 is a hole.
  • the light colored spheres are microcapsules.
  • Fig. 5-1, Fig. 5-2 and Fig. 5-3 respectively show the change of the same section of the microcapsule self-repairing concrete at 0 days, 63 days and 105 days at the repairing age.
  • the cracks in the concrete cause the microcapsules to rupture and the repair agent to flow out.
  • the repair agent slowly flows into the crack and reacts with the free water, producing an expansion product to fill the crack, as shown in Figures 5-2 and 5-3.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊及其制备方法、掺有微胶囊的自修复混凝土及其制备方法。微胶囊包括囊芯和囊壁,囊芯的组分包括修复剂、微晶纤维素和吐温80,囊壁的材料为对裂缝应力敏感的高分子有机材料。自修复混凝土的制备方法包括称取适量的水泥、砂、水和微胶囊,微胶囊按照每立方米混凝土含有0.05-0.08立方米的比例计量。将水泥、砂和微胶囊搅拌,直到分散均匀,再将水倒入混合物中搅拌均匀。

Description

用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊及其制备方法和自修复混凝土及其制备方法
本申请要求于2015年03月31日提交中国专利局、申请号为201510148725.X、发明名称为“用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊和自修复混凝土的制备方法”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及混凝土裂缝自修复领域,尤其涉及一种用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊及其制备方法和自修复混凝土及其制备方法。
背景技术
混凝土是现在最广泛使用的建筑材料和结构材料。混凝土由于结构本身的组成成分及其承载力特点,其内部往往存在一些原始的微裂缝,在其服役期间,随着荷载的变化和时间的推移,其内部的裂纹会扩展成裂缝,甚至延展至表面导致混凝土材料开裂,在形成贯通裂缝后,混凝土容易遭受外界环境和各种有害因素的侵蚀和破坏,如钢筋锈蚀,碳化,氯离子侵蚀和硫酸盐侵蚀等,最终导致混凝土材料的开裂,破坏,不满足使用要求,严重影响混凝土材料的耐久性。
对裂缝的控制和修复是提高混凝土材料耐久性的重中之重环节,目前对于裂缝的常见修复方法有以下几种:有机涂料修复方法,注浆法修复方法,纤维包裹修复方法,
申请号为CN200810158131.7的发明公开了一种混凝土裂缝自修复材料的配方及制备工艺,其配方按重量百分比的62~77%的硅酸盐水泥;0.2~1.0%的柠檬酸钠;3.0~8.0%的胆碱;1~4%的硅酸钠;1.0~3.0%的氧化钙;22-35%的80~120目石英砂配比而成,其制备工艺是按重量百分比将62~77%的硅酸盐水泥、22~35%的80~120目石英砂在混合机内混合,在硅酸盐水泥和石英砂混合过程中加入0.2~1.0%的柠檬酸钠、3.0~8.0%的胆碱、1~4%硅酸钠、1.0~3.0%氧化钙,混合3~5分钟后,出料,密封保存。
但是,上述混凝土裂缝自修复的方法都存在很大的局限性。例如:智能性较差,无法及时跟踪裂缝的开展并进行及时的修复。这使得混凝土裂缝的修复效果,裂缝的控制和长期监控方面出现很大的弊端。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的上述缺点,本发明提供一种具有对外界裂缝应力敏感的物理触发微胶囊及其制备方法,所提供的微胶囊掺入到混凝土中,形成微胶囊混凝土自修复体系,实现混凝土裂缝的自修复能力,且具有智能控制的特点。
本发明另一个要解决的技术问题是提供一种具有智能控制能力的自修复混凝土及其制备方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊,包括囊芯和囊壁,其特征在于,所述囊芯的组分包括修复剂、微晶纤维素和吐温80,所述囊壁的材料为对裂缝应力敏感的高分子有机材料。
优选的,所述囊芯按照以下步骤制备得到:
201、按照以下重量份称取囊芯原料:
Figure PCTCN2016077788-appb-000001
所述的30%乙醇为体积百分比浓度为30%的乙醇;
202、挤出抽细:所述步骤201得到的囊芯原料混合后由加料口投入挤出设备中,挤出得到米线条状的囊芯材料;
203、出料滚圆:将所述步骤202得到的米线条状囊芯材料倒入滚圆设备中的滚筒中,滚出囊芯微粒;
204、干燥:将所述步骤203得到的囊芯微粒滚出至微粒干燥设备的滚筒中,在强制通风的条件下进行干燥处理,所述干燥的温度为30-40℃。
优选的,所述微胶囊按照以下制备步骤得到:
301、配制包衣液:称取对裂缝应力敏感的高分子有机材料100重量 份,溶剂900~1600重量份,将对裂缝应力敏感的高分子有机材料溶解于溶剂中,得到包衣液;
302、喷雾包衣:将囊芯放入喷雾包衣设备的滚筒中,在包衣模式下,用泵将所述步骤301得到的包衣液通过设备的喷雾嘴喷到滚动的囊芯上,每隔5~10分钟加入1~2g滑石粉,得到包衣囊芯;
303、干燥:将所述步骤302得到的包衣囊芯在强制通风的条件下进行干燥后自然降温和自然晾干,得到微胶囊,所述干燥的温度为30~40℃,所述干燥时间为10~20分钟,所述干燥在干燥设备的滚筒中进行。
优选的,所述溶剂为乙醇和甲苯的混合液或三氯甲苯。
优选的,所述乙醇和甲苯的混合液中乙醇和甲苯的重量比为(150~300):(800~1000)。
优选的,所述对裂缝应力敏感的高分子有机材料为聚丙烯酸树脂、聚苯乙烯或乙基纤维素。
优选的,所述步骤301配制包衣液时,乙基纤维素为100重量份,乙醇150-300重量份,甲苯800-1000重量份;所述的乙基纤维素溶解于所述的乙醇和甲苯的混合液中。
优选的,所述步骤301配制包衣液时,聚苯乙烯为100重量份,三氯甲烷900-1600重量份;所述的聚苯乙烯溶解于所述的三氯甲烷中。
优选的,所述微胶囊为球形,所述微胶囊的粒径为200-500微米,所述的微胶囊中囊壁的厚度为50-200微米。
优选的,所述的修复剂为硫铝酸盐水泥。
优选的,所述囊芯的组分还包括固化修复材料。
优选的,所述固化修复材料为环氧树脂或固化剂。
本发明提供了用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1301、制备囊芯:将修复剂、微晶纤维素、吐温80和30%乙醇混合后由加料口投入挤出设备中,挤出得到米线条状的囊芯材料,将米线条状囊芯材料倒入滚圆设备中的滚筒中,滚出囊芯微粒至微粒干燥设备的滚筒中,在强制通风的条件下进行干燥处理,所述干燥的温度为30-40℃;
1302、配制包衣液:称取对裂缝应力敏感的高分子有机材料100重量 份,溶剂900~1600重量份,将对裂缝应力敏感的高分子有机材料溶解于溶剂中,得到包衣液;
1303、喷雾包衣:将所述步骤1301得到的囊芯放入喷雾包衣设备的滚筒中,在包衣模式下,用泵将所述步骤1302得到的包衣液通过设备的喷雾嘴喷到滚动的囊芯上,每隔5~10分钟加入1~2g滑石粉,得到包衣囊芯;
1304、干燥:将所述步骤1303得到的包衣囊芯在强制通风的条件下进行干燥后自然降温和自然晾干,得到微胶囊,所述干燥的温度为30~40℃,所述干燥时间为10~20分钟,所述干燥在干燥设备的滚筒中进行。
本发明提供了一种自修复混凝土,包括水泥,砂,水和上述技术方案所述的或上述技术方案所述制备方法制备得到的微胶囊,所述微胶囊的量以每立方米混凝土含有0.05立方米~0.08立方米微胶囊的比例计。
本发明提供了一种自修复混凝土的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1501、称取适量的水泥,砂,水和上述技术方案所述的或上述技术方案所述制备方法制备得到的微胶囊,所述微胶囊的量以每立方米混凝土含有0.05立方米~0.08立方米微胶囊的比例计;
1502、搅拌所述步骤1501称量得到的水泥,砂和微胶囊,直至分散均匀,得到混合物;
1503、将水倒入所述步骤1502得到的混合物中,搅拌均匀,得到自修复混凝土。
本发明提供了一种用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊,包括囊芯和囊壁,其特征在于,所述囊芯的组分包括修复剂、微晶纤维素和吐温80,所述囊壁的材料为对裂缝应力敏感的高分子有机材料。在本发明中,用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊,囊壁材料选择对裂缝应力敏感的高分子有机材料,能够在混凝土使用过程中裂缝产生的时候破裂,释放出囊芯材料;囊芯材料中的修复剂可以在混凝土内部反应形成膨胀产物填补裂缝,实现对裂缝的修复作用;另外,囊芯形成材料中还可以选取对裂缝起到填补修复作用的固化修复材料,实现对裂缝的修复作用。
本发明使用的微胶囊制备工艺操作简单,容易实现,工业化批量化生产提供了条件。
本发明基于微胶囊的裂缝自修复混凝土是在混凝土传统组分中掺入具有对外界应力敏感的物理触发功能的微胶囊,在混凝土内部形成智能修复裂缝的自修复体系,经过混凝土典型生产工艺,微胶囊均匀分布于混凝土中,在混合和养护过程中微胶囊材料不会发生破碎,当混凝土内部环境稳定时,即没有裂缝产生的时候,植入混凝土中的微胶囊可以长期稳定存在于基体中;在混凝土使用过程中,一旦有裂缝产生应力,触发微胶囊破裂,释放修复剂,填补裂缝,达到修复裂缝的目的。
说明书附图
图1为本发明实施例提供的微胶囊的扫描电镜照片;
图2为本发明实施例提供的水泥基材料样品内部微胶囊的分布图(XCT水平切面);
图3为本发明实施例提供的微胶囊在受到物理应力触发下的扫描电镜照片;
图4为本发明实施例提供的水泥基材料样品内部微胶囊的3D重构图;
图5-1为本发明实施例1提供的水泥基材料样品在0天修复龄期后微胶囊对裂缝的修复XCT水平切面的图像;
图5-2为本发明实施例1提供的水泥基材料样品在63天修复龄期后微胶囊对裂缝的修复XCT水平切面的图像;
图5-3为本发明实施例1提供的水泥基材料样品在105天修复龄期后微胶囊对裂缝的修复XCT水平切面的图像;
图6-1为本发明实施例2水泥基材料样品在0天修复龄期后微胶囊对裂缝的修复XCT水平切面的图像;
图6-2为本发明实施例2提供的水泥基材料样品在63天修复龄期后微胶囊对裂缝的修复XCT水平切面的图像;
图6-3为本发明实施例2提供的水泥基材料样品在105天修复龄期后微胶囊对裂缝的修复XCT水平切面的图像;
图7为本发明实施例1和实施例2提供的的水泥基材料样品在不同修复龄期内水泥基材料样品中裂缝所占总样品的体积率;
图8为本发明实施例1和实施例2的提供的水泥基材料样品在不同修复龄期内水泥基材料样品中微胶囊对裂缝的修复率。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明进一步说明。
本发明提供了一种用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊,包括囊芯和囊壁,其特征在于,所述囊芯的组分包括修复剂、微晶纤维素和吐温80,所述囊壁的材料为对裂缝应力敏感的高分子有机材料。
在本发明中,用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊,囊壁材料选择对裂缝应力敏感的高分子有机材料,能够在混凝土使用过程中裂缝产生的时候破裂,释放出囊芯材料;囊芯材料中的修复剂可以在混凝土内部反应形成膨胀产物填补裂缝,实现对裂缝的修复作用;另外,囊芯形成材料中还可以选取对裂缝起到填补修复作用的固化修复材料,实现对裂缝的修复作用。
本发明提供的用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊包括囊芯,从组成上说,所述囊芯包括修复剂、微晶纤维素和吐温80。在本发明中,修复剂优选为硫铝酸盐水泥。本发明对微晶纤维素没有特殊要求,选用本领域技术人员所熟知的微晶纤维素即可。本发明对吐温80没有特殊要求,采用本领域技术人员所熟知的吐温80。在本发明中,所述修复剂、微晶纤维素和吐温80的质量比优选为100:(90~100):(8~10),更优选为100:95:9。
本发明中,所述囊芯优选还包括固化修复材料。在本发明中,所述固化修复材料优选为环氧树脂或固化剂,本发明对环氧树脂或固化剂的来源没有特殊要求,采用本领域技术人员所熟知的环氧树脂或固化剂即可。在本发明中,所述固化修复材料、微晶纤维素和吐温另80的质量比优选为100:(90~100):(8~10),更优选为100:95:9。
在本发明中,所述囊芯的粒径优选为150-500微米,更优选为200-400微米。
本发明提供的用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊包括囊壁,所述囊壁的材料为对裂缝应力敏感的高分子有机材料。在本发明中,所述的对裂缝应力敏感的高分子有机材料优选为聚丙烯酸树脂、聚苯乙烯树脂或乙基纤维素。
在本发明中,所述囊壁的厚度优选为50~200微米,更优选为50~100微米。
本发明提供的微胶囊的形状优选为圆球形,所述微胶囊的粒径优选为150~500微米。
在本发明中,所述囊芯优选按照以下步骤制备得到:
201、按照以下重量份称取囊芯原料:
Figure PCTCN2016077788-appb-000002
所述的30%乙醇为体积百分比浓度为30%的乙醇;
202、挤出抽细:混合步骤(201)所述的囊芯原料、投入挤出设备,得到米线条状的囊芯材料;
203、出料滚圆:将所述的米线条状囊芯材料,倒入滚圆设备中的滚筒,得到囊芯微粒;
204、干燥:将所述的囊芯微粒在强制通风的条件下进行干燥,所述干燥的温度为30-40℃。
在本发明中,囊芯原料优选以重量份计进行称取,包括100份修复剂,90~100份微晶纤维素,8~10份吐温80和100~120份乙醇;本申请实施例中具体为100份修复剂,95份微晶纤维素,9份吐温80和110份乙醇,或100份修复剂,95份微晶纤维素,10份吐温80和115份乙醇。
本发明囊芯制备过程,30%乙醇优选为体积百分比浓度为30%的乙醇。
称取囊芯原料后,本发明优选将所述囊芯原料进行混合,通过挤出设备的加料口投入挤出设备,进行挤出抽细,得到米线条状的囊芯材料。本发明对所采用的挤出设备没有特殊要求,采用本领域技术人员所熟知的囊芯挤出设备即可,对挤出抽细过程参数没有特殊要求,采用本领域技术人 员所熟知的挤出抽细过程参数即可。
得到米线条状的囊芯材料后,本发明优选将所述囊芯材料倒入滚圆设备中的滚筒滚圆,得到囊芯微粒。本发明采用本领域技术人员所熟知的滚圆设备即可。
得到囊芯微粒后,本发明优选将滚出滚圆设备后的囊芯微粒投入干燥设备的滚筒中,在强制通风的条件下进行干燥;在本发明中,干燥的温度优选为30-40℃,干燥后得到囊芯。
本发明还提供了一种用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1301、制备囊芯:将修复剂、微晶纤维素、吐温80和30%乙醇混合后由加料口投入挤出设备中,挤出得到米线条状的囊芯材料,将米线条状囊芯材料倒入滚圆设备中的滚筒中,滚出囊芯微粒至微粒干燥设备的滚筒中,在强制通风的条件下进行干燥处理,所述干燥的温度为30-40℃;
1302、配制包衣液:称取对裂缝应力敏感的高分子有机材料100重量份,溶剂900~1600重量份,将对裂缝应力敏感的高分子有机材料溶解于溶剂中,得到包衣液;
1303、喷雾包衣:将所述步骤1301得到的囊芯放入喷雾包衣设备的滚筒中,在包衣模式下,用泵将所述步骤1302得到的包衣液通过设备的喷雾嘴喷到滚动的囊芯上,每隔5~10分钟加入1~2g滑石粉,得到包衣囊芯;
1304、干燥:将所述步骤1303得到的包衣囊芯在强制通风的条件下进行干燥后自然降温和自然晾干,得到微胶囊,所述干燥的温度为30~40℃,所述干燥时间为10~20分钟,所述干燥在干燥设备的滚筒中进行。
本发明优选按照上述技术方案所述囊芯的制备方法制备得到囊芯,在此不再赘述。
本发明在得到囊芯后,优选进行包衣液的配制。在本发明中,优选称取对裂缝应力敏感的高分子有机材料100重量份,溶剂900~1600重量份,将对裂缝应力敏感的高分子有机材料溶解于溶剂中,得到包衣液。在本发明中,所述溶剂优选为乙醇和甲苯的混合液或三氯甲苯。
在本发明中,当以乙醇和甲苯的混合液为溶剂时,所述乙醇和甲苯的重量比优选为(150~300):(800~1000),本发明对乙醇和甲苯的来源没有特殊要求,采用本领域技术人员所熟知的乙醇和甲苯即可。当所述对裂缝应力敏感的高分子有机材料为乙基纤维素时,本发明以重量份计,优选以100份乙基纤维素,150~300份乙醇和800~1000份甲苯为包衣液配制原料;本发明优选将所述的乙基纤维素溶解于所述的乙醇和甲苯的混合液中。
在本发明中,当以三氯甲苯为溶剂时,采用本领域技术人员所熟知的三氯甲苯即可。在本发明中,当所述对裂缝应力敏感的高分子有机材料为聚苯乙烯时,本发明以重量份计,优选以100份聚苯乙烯和900~1600份三氯甲烷为包衣液配制原料。本发明实施例中,所述三氯甲烷的用量可具体为900重量份、1000重量份、1200重量份、1400重量份或1600重量份;本发明优选将所述的聚苯乙烯溶解于所述的三氯甲烷中。
得到包衣液后,本发明优选将囊芯放入喷雾包衣设备的滚筒中,在包衣模式下,用泵将所述包衣液通过设备的喷雾嘴喷到滚动的囊芯上,每隔5~10分钟加入1~2g滑石粉,得到包衣囊芯。
得到包衣囊芯后,本发明优选将所述包衣囊芯在强制通风的条件下进行干燥后自然降温和自然晾干,得到微胶囊;在本发明中,所述干燥的温度优选为30~40℃,所述干燥时间优选为10~20分钟,所述干燥优选在干燥设备的滚筒中进行;本发明对干燥设备没有特殊要求,采用本领域技术人员所熟知的干燥设备即可。
得到微胶囊后,本发明优选将得到的微胶囊进行物理性能分析,鉴定所得到的微胶囊是否满足混凝土自修复体系的需要;本发明实施例中,具体通过电镜扫描仪器进行拍照分析;本发明优选还对所得到的微胶囊进行应力性能测试,鉴定所得到的微胶囊在应力作用下是否能够破裂。
本发明提供了一种自修复混凝土,包括水泥,砂,水和上述技术方案所述的或上述技术方案所述制备方法制备得到的微胶囊,所述微胶囊的量以每立方米混凝土含有0.05立方米~0.08立方米微胶囊的比例计。
本发明还提供了一种自修复混凝土的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1501、称取适量的水泥,砂,水和上述技术方案所述的或上述技术方 案所述制备方法制备得到的微胶囊,所述微胶囊的量以每立方米混凝土含有0.05立方米~0.08立方米微胶囊的比例计;
1502、搅拌所述步骤1501称量得到的水泥,砂和微胶囊,直至分散均匀,得到混合物;
1503、将水倒入所述步骤1502得到的混合物中,搅拌均匀,得到自修复混凝土。
本发明中,水泥和水的质量比优选为1:0.4。
在本发明中,优选对所得到混凝土进行性能测试。本发明优选将所得到的混凝土进行养护得到混凝土养护样品;在本发明中,对混凝土的养护过程没有特殊要求,采用本领域技术人员所熟知的养护方法即可,本发明实施例中,养护方法的步骤具体为:振捣混凝土、浇灌工件、静置、起模、刮除浆体、二次静置、拆模和养护;本发明中,所述浇灌工件优选采用逐步或分步方法,所述静置的时间优选为1~2小时,所述二次静置的时间优选为24小时,本发明养护优选在混凝土标准养护箱内进行,养护的时间优选为28天,本发明对混凝土标准养护箱没有特殊要求,采用本领域技术人员所熟知的混凝土标准养护箱即可。
得到混凝土养护样品后,本发明优选对所述混凝土养护样品进行900N的载荷预压,得到内部出现裂缝的混凝土养护样品;在本发明中,优选对内部出现裂缝的混凝土养护样品进行X射线计算机断层扫描技术(XCT)进行观察和分析;在本发明中,完成XCT分析后,优选对内部出现裂缝的混凝土养护样品进行二次养护,本发明所述二次养护的条件优选为标准养护条件,具体为相对湿度高于95%,湿度为21℃;本发明实施例中,二次养护的时间具体为0天、21天、42天、63天、84天和105天。本发明优选对二次养护后的混凝土养护样品进行XCT分析、3D重构和图片处理分析,观察自修复混凝土的对裂缝的修改情况。
本发明提供了一种用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊,包括囊芯和囊壁,其特征在于,所述囊芯的组分包括修复剂、微晶纤维素和吐温80,所述囊壁的材料为对裂缝应力敏感的高分子有机材料。在本发明中,用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊,囊壁材料选择对裂缝应力敏感的高分子有机材料,能够在混凝土使用过程中裂缝产生的时候破裂,释放出囊芯材料;囊芯材料中 的修复剂可以在混凝土内部反应形成膨胀产物填补裂缝,实现对裂缝的修复作用;另外,囊形成材料中还可以选取对裂缝起到填补修复作用的固化修复材料,实现对裂缝的修复作用。
本发明使用的微胶囊制备工艺操作简单,容易实现,工业化批量化生产提供了条件。
本发明基于微胶囊的裂缝自修复混凝土是在混凝土传统组分中掺入具有对外界应力敏感的物理触发功能的微胶囊,在混凝土内部形成智能修复裂缝的自修复体系,经过混凝土典型生产工艺,微胶囊均匀分布于混凝土中,在混合和养护过程中微胶囊材料不会发生破碎,当混凝土内部环境稳定时,即没有裂缝产生的时候,植入混凝土中的微胶囊可以长期稳定存在于基体中;在混凝土使用过程中,一旦有裂缝产生应力,触发微胶囊破裂,释放修复剂,填补裂缝,达到修复裂缝的目的。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊及其制备方法和自修复混凝土及其制备方法的描述,但不能将它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
乙基纤维素包裹硫铝酸盐自修复混凝土的制备
1)囊芯的制备:
表1修复剂为硫酸铝盐水泥的囊芯原料用量(重量份)
Figure PCTCN2016077788-appb-000003
其中,30%乙醇是指体积百分比浓度为30%的乙醇。
按照表1五种配方称取囊芯原料,分别将称取的原料混合,投入挤出设备进行挤出抽细,挤出米线条状的囊芯材料,将米线条状囊芯材料倒入滚圆设备中的滚筒,滚出囊芯微粒,囊芯微粒在30-40℃强制通风的条件下,进行干燥处理,制得囊芯。
2)微胶囊的制备:
表2溶剂为乙醇和甲苯混合液的包衣液原料用量
配方编号 乙基纤维素 乙醇 甲苯
Ⅰ号 100 150 850
Ⅱ号 100 200 800
Ⅲ号 100 200 1000
Ⅳ号 100 300 900
Ⅴ号 100 240 960
a、按照表2中五种配方称取原料,分别将乙基纤维素溶解于乙醇和甲苯的混合液中,制成包衣液。
b、将包衣液进行雾化后,喷到步骤1)得到的囊芯上,并每隔5-10分钟加入1-2g滑石粉,在干燥温度30-40℃强制通风的条件下干燥10-20分钟,然后自然降温、自然晾干,得到微胶囊。
制成的微胶囊为圆球形,粒径为200-500微米,囊壁的厚度为50-100微米。
将制备得到的微胶囊放置在电镜扫描仪器下面进行拍照分析,如图1所示,观察所得到的微胶囊是否满足自修复体系的需要,根据图1所示,本发明所得到的微胶囊具有良好的物理性能,具体表现为表面粗糙,粒径均匀,成型度好,这使微胶囊能更好的与混凝土形成整体和均匀的分布。
将制备得到的微胶囊置于物理应力触发装置,研究本发明制备的微胶囊是否在应力作用下能够破裂,如图3所示,本发明制备微胶囊能够在合适物理应力作用下,能够实现触发破裂。
3)乙基纤维素类硫铝酸盐自修复混凝土制备和性能测试:
(1)称取1千克水泥,1千克砂,0.4克水和50克上述步骤2)制备得到的微胶囊。
(2)在水泥搅拌器中加入所述步骤(1)称量得到的水泥,砂和微胶囊,搅拌直至分散均匀,得到混合物。
(3)将称量得到的水倒入所述步骤(2)得到的混合物中,搅拌均匀;
(4)搅拌过程采用先慢后快的方式进行搅拌;
(5)振捣混凝土后,按照逐步或分步方式浇灌工件;
(6)静置1-2小时后起模,刮除模具上溢出的混凝土浆体,二次静置24小时;
(7)拆模,然后后将样品转入混凝土标准养护箱,养护28天。
(8)将养护好的混凝土样品进行900N的荷载预压,使混凝土样品内部出现裂缝,并用X射线计算机断层扫描技术(XCT)分析观察裂缝的开展和对微胶囊的作用情况,观察微胶囊破裂释放修复剂的情况,然后将样品置于标准养护条件(相对湿度在95%以上,温度21℃)进行养护。于0,21,42,63,84,105天后,置样品于XCT内进行扫描分析,3D重构和图片处理分析,观察其对裂缝的修复情况。如图2水泥基材料样品里微胶囊的分布图和图4水泥基材料样品内部微胶囊的3D重构图,其中深色的球体为微胶囊所示,微胶囊能更好的与混凝土形成整体和均匀的分布,图4中浅色的球体是孔洞。如图2所示,浅色的球体为微胶囊。图5-1,图5-2和图5-3分别表示微胶囊自修复混凝土的同一截面在修复龄期为0天,63天和105天的变化图。如图5-1所示,在预荷载加压下,混凝土出现的裂缝,使得微胶囊破裂,修复剂流出。随着修复龄期的增加,修复剂慢慢流入到裂缝与自由水发生反应,产生膨胀产物填补裂缝,如图5-2和5-3所示。最后利用图片处理技术,将不同时期的微胶囊自修复混凝土内部的裂缝体积进行统计,从而得到最后的裂缝体积率变化和裂缝修复变化图,如图7和图8所示。随着修复龄期的增加,微胶囊自修复混凝土内部的裂缝 体积率逐渐减小。裂缝体积率由初期(0天)的1.1057%降低到0.651%(105天修复后)。裂缝修复率随着龄期的增加而逐渐提升,在105天修复龄期完成后达到41.12%。
实施例2:
聚苯乙烯包裹硫铝酸盐自修复混凝土的制备
1)囊芯的制备:
表3修复剂为硫酸铝盐水泥的囊芯原料用量(重量份)
Figure PCTCN2016077788-appb-000004
其中,30%乙醇是指体积百分比浓度为30%的乙醇。
按照表3五种配方称取囊芯原料,分别将称取的原料混合,投入挤出设备进行挤出抽细,挤出米线条状的囊芯材料,将米线条状囊芯材料倒入滚圆设备中的滚筒,滚出囊芯微粒,囊芯微粒在30-40℃强制通风的条件下,进行干燥处理,制得囊芯。
2)微胶囊的制备:
表4溶剂为三氯甲烷的包衣液原料用量
配方编号 聚苯乙烯 三氯甲烷
Ⅰ号 100 900
Ⅱ号 100 1000
Ⅲ号 100 1200
Ⅳ号 100 1400
Ⅴ号 100 1600
a、按照表2中五种配方称取原料,分别将聚苯乙烯溶解于三氯甲烷中,制成包衣液。
b、将包衣液进行雾化后,喷到步骤1)得到的囊芯上,并每隔5-10分钟加入1-2g滑石粉,在干燥温度30-40℃强制通风的条件下干燥10-20分钟,然后自然降温、自然晾干,得到微胶囊。
制成的微胶囊为圆球形,粒径为200-500微米,囊壁的厚度为50-100微米。
将制备得到的微胶囊放置在电镜扫描仪器下面进行拍照分析,如图1所示,观察所得到的微胶囊是否满足自修复体系的需要,根据图1所示,本发明所得到的微胶囊具有良好的物理性能,具体表现为表面粗糙,粒径均匀,成型度好,这使微胶囊能更好的与混凝土形成整体和均匀的分布。
将制备得到的微胶囊置于物理应力触发装置,研究本发明制备的微胶囊是否在应力作用下能够破裂,如图3所示,本发明制备微胶囊能够在合适物理应力作用下,能够实现触发破裂。
3)聚苯乙烯类硫铝酸盐自修复混凝土制备和性能测试:
(1)称取1千克水泥,1千克砂,0.4克水和50克上述步骤2)制备得到的微胶囊。
(2)在水泥搅拌器中加入所述步骤(1)称量得到的水泥,砂和微胶囊,搅拌直至分散均匀,得到混合物。
(3)将称量得到的水倒入所述步骤(2)得到的混合物中,搅拌均匀;
(4)搅拌过程采用先慢后快的方式进行搅拌;
(5)振捣混凝土后,按照逐步或分步方式浇灌工件;
(6)静置1-2小时后起模,刮除模具上溢出的混凝土浆体,二次静置24小时;
(7)拆模,然后将样品转入混凝土标准养护箱,养护28天。
(8)将养护好的混凝土样品进行1100N的荷载预压,使混凝土样品内部出现裂缝,并用X射线计算机断层扫描技术(XCT)分析观察裂缝的开展和对微胶囊的作用情况,观察微胶囊破裂释放修复剂的情况,然后将样品置于标准养护条件(相对湿度在95%以上,温度21℃)进行养护。于0、21、42、63、84、105天后,置样品于XCT内进行扫描分析,3D重构和图片处理分析,观察其对裂缝的修复情况。如图2水泥基材料样品里微胶囊的分布图和图4水泥基材料样品内部微胶囊的3D重构图,其中深色的球体为微胶囊所示,微胶囊能更好的与混凝土形成整体和均匀的分布。如图6所示,浅色的球体为微胶囊。图6-1,图6-2和图6-3分别表示实施例2微胶囊自修复混凝土的同一截面在修复龄期为0天,63天和105天的变化图。如图6-1所示,在预荷载加压下,混凝土出现的裂缝,使得微胶囊破裂,修复剂流出。随着修复龄期的增加,修复剂慢慢流入到裂缝与自由水发生反应,产生膨胀产物填补裂缝,如图6-2和6-3所示。最后利用图片处理技术,将不同时期的微胶囊自修复混凝土内部的裂缝体积进行统计,从而得到最后的裂缝体积率变化和裂缝修复变化图,如图7和图8所示。随着修复龄期的增加,微胶囊自修复混凝土内部的裂缝体积率逐渐减小。裂缝体积率由初期(0天)的2.2639%降低到0.9213%(105天修复后)。裂缝修复率随着龄期的增加而逐渐提升,在105天修复龄期完成后达到59.30%。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术 人员来说是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊,包括囊芯和囊壁,其特征在于,所述囊芯的组分包括修复剂、微晶纤维素和吐温80,所述囊壁的材料为对裂缝应力敏感的高分子有机材料。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊,其特征在于,所述囊芯按照以下步骤制备得到:
    201、按照以下重量份称取囊芯原料:
    Figure PCTCN2016077788-appb-100001
    所述的30%乙醇为体积百分比浓度为30%的乙醇;
    202、挤出抽细:所述步骤201得到的囊芯原料混合后由加料口投入挤出设备中,挤出得到米线条状的囊芯材料;
    203、出料滚圆:将所述步骤202得到的米线条状囊芯材料倒入滚圆设备中的滚筒中,滚出囊芯微粒;
    204、干燥:将所述步骤203得到的囊芯微粒滚出至微粒干燥设备的滚筒中,在强制通风的条件下进行干燥处理,所述干燥的温度为30-40℃。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊,其特征在于,所述微胶囊按照以下制备步骤得到:
    301、配制包衣液:称取对裂缝应力敏感的高分子有机材料100重量份,溶剂900~1600重量份,将对裂缝应力敏感的高分子有机材料溶解于溶剂中,得到包衣液;
    302、喷雾包衣:将囊芯放入喷雾包衣设备的滚筒中,在包衣模式下,用泵将所述步骤301得到的包衣液通过设备的喷雾嘴喷到滚动的囊芯上,每隔5~10分钟加入1~2g滑石粉,得到包衣囊芯;
    303、干燥:将所述步骤302得到的包衣囊芯在强制通风的条件下进行干燥后自然降温和自然晾干,得到微胶囊,所述干燥的温度为30~40℃,所述干燥时间为10~20分钟,所述干燥在干燥设备的滚筒中进行。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊,其特征在于,所述溶剂为乙醇和甲苯的混合液或三氯甲苯。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊,其特征在于,所述乙醇和甲苯的混合液中乙醇和甲苯的重量比为(150~300):(800~1000)。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊,其特征在于,所述对裂缝应力敏感的高分子有机材料为聚丙烯酸树脂、聚苯乙烯或乙基纤维素。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊,其特征在于,所述步骤301配制包衣液时,乙基纤维素为100重量份,乙醇150-300重量份,甲苯800-1000重量份;所述的乙基纤维素溶解于所述的乙醇和甲苯的混合液中。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊,其特征在于,所述步骤301配制包衣液时,聚苯乙烯为100重量份,三氯甲烷900-1600重量份;所述的聚苯乙烯溶解于所述的三氯甲烷中。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊,其特征在于,所述微胶囊为球形,所述微胶囊的粒径为200-500微米,所述的微胶囊中囊壁的厚度为50-200微米。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊,其特征在于,所述的修复剂为硫铝酸盐水泥。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊,其特征在于,所述囊芯的组分还包括固化修复材料。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊,其特征在于,所述固化修复材料为环氧树脂或固化剂。
  13. 一种权利要求1所述的微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于,所述微胶囊按照以下制备步骤得到:
    1301、制备囊芯:将修复剂、微晶纤维素、吐温80和30%乙醇混合后由加料口投入挤出设备中,挤出得到米线条状的囊芯材料,将米线条状囊芯材料倒入滚圆设备中的滚筒中,滚出囊芯微粒至微粒干燥设备的滚筒中,在强制通风的条件下进行干燥处理,所述干燥的温度为30-40℃;
    1302、配制包衣液:称取对裂缝应力敏感的高分子有机材料100重量份,溶剂900~1600重量份,将对裂缝应力敏感的高分子有机材料溶解于溶剂中,得到包衣液;
    1303、喷雾包衣:将所述步骤1301得到的囊芯放入喷雾包衣设备的滚筒中,在包衣模式下,用泵将所述步骤1302得到的包衣液通过设备的喷雾嘴喷到滚动的囊芯上,每隔5~10分钟加入1~2g滑石粉,得到包衣囊芯;
    1304、干燥:将所述步骤1303得到的包衣囊芯在强制通风的条件下进行干燥后自然降温和自然晾干,得到微胶囊,所述干燥的温度为30~40℃,所述干燥时间为10~20分钟,所述干燥在干燥设备的滚筒中进行。
  14. 一种自修复混凝土,包括水泥,砂,水和权利要求1~12任意一项所述的或权利要求13所述制备方法制备得到的微胶囊,所述微胶囊的量以每立方米混凝土含有0.05立方米~0.08立方米微胶囊的比例计。
  15. 一种权利要求14所述的自修复混凝土的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    1501、称取适量的水泥,砂,水和权利要求1至12任一项所述的或权利要求13所述制备方法制备得到的微胶囊,所述微胶囊的量以每立方米混凝土含有0.05立方米~0.08立方米微胶囊的比例计;
    1502、搅拌所述步骤1501称量得到的水泥,砂和微胶囊,直至分散均匀,得到混合物;
    1503、将水倒入所述步骤1502得到的混合物中,搅拌均匀,得到自修复混凝土。
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