WO2016152995A1 - ガソリンエンジン用潤滑油組成物、及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
ガソリンエンジン用潤滑油組成物、及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016152995A1 WO2016152995A1 PCT/JP2016/059455 JP2016059455W WO2016152995A1 WO 2016152995 A1 WO2016152995 A1 WO 2016152995A1 JP 2016059455 W JP2016059455 W JP 2016059455W WO 2016152995 A1 WO2016152995 A1 WO 2016152995A1
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
- C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
- C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
- C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
- C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
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- C10M165/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, each of these compounds being essential
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
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- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
- C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
- C10M2207/262—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/046—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
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- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
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- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/18—Anti-foaming property
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
- C10N2030/45—Ash-less or low ash content
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/52—Base number [TBN]
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/68—Shear stability
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- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
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- C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
- C10N2060/14—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition by boron or a compound containing boron
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition for gasoline engines and a method for producing the same.
- LSPI low speed pre-ignition
- This LSPI phenomenon is a phenomenon in which ignition is performed earlier than a set ignition timing in a low-speed operation state, and abnormal combustion (abnormal explosion) may occur in the engine cylinder due to the ignition.
- the lubricating oil composition employs mainly a calcium-based detergent as a metal detergent, as in the composition described in Patent Document 1.
- the lubricating oil composition in which the blending amount of the calcium detergent is increased in order to further improve the cleanliness generates a large amount of heat when ignited in a high-pressure atmosphere. Since the ignition of the lubricating oil composition that has entered the engine cylinder causes LSPI, it is necessary to reduce the blending amount of the calcium detergent as much as possible from the viewpoint of preventing the occurrence of LSPI.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a lubricating oil composition having excellent cleanliness and LSPI prevention performance.
- this invention provides the lubricating oil composition which has the following structure, and its manufacturing method.
- the calcium-based detergent composition based on the total amount of calcium atoms is less than 2,000 ppm by mass, Mass ratio of magnesium atom (Mg) contained in the magnesium-based detergent and / or sodium atom (Na) and calcium atom (Ca) contained in the sodium-based detergent [(Mg and / or Na) / Ca]
- a lubricating oil composition for a gasoline engine having a ratio of 0.05 to 1.50.
- a calcium-based detergent, Magnesium-based detergent and / or sodium-based detergent To base oil, A calcium-based detergent, Magnesium-based detergent and / or sodium-based detergent, The calcium-based detergent composition based on the total amount of calcium atoms is less than 2,000 ppm by mass, Mass ratio of magnesium atom (Mg) contained in the magnesium-based detergent and / or sodium atom (Na) and calcium atom (Ca) contained in the sodium-based detergent [(Mg and / or Na) / Ca] Is 0.05 to 1.50, The manufacturing method of the lubricating oil composition for gasoline engines mix
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention has excellent cleanliness and LSPI prevention performance, and has performance that can be adapted to a gasoline engine, particularly a gasoline engine equipped with a direct injection supercharging mechanism.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention comprises a base oil, a calcium-based detergent, and a magnesium-based detergent and / or a sodium-based detergent, that is, a base oil, a calcium-based detergent, a magnesium-based detergent and / or Or a sodium-based detergent, the content of the calcium-based detergent in terms of calcium atoms being less than 2,000 ppm by mass based on the total amount of the composition, and the magnesium atom (Mg) contained in the magnesium-based detergent ) And / or the mass ratio [(Mg and / or Na) / Ca] of sodium atom and calcium atom (Ca) contained in the sodium-based detergent is 0.05 to 1.50. Is.
- the base oil contained in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention may be mineral oil, synthetic oil, or a mixed oil of mineral oil and synthetic oil.
- mineral oils include, for example, atmospheric residue obtained by atmospheric distillation of crude oils such as paraffinic, intermediate, and naphthenic oils; distillate obtained by vacuum distillation of the atmospheric residue;
- distillate oil include mineral oils and waxes that have been subjected to one or more treatments such as solvent removal, solvent extraction, hydrocracking, solvent dewaxing, catalytic dewaxing, and hydrorefining.
- Synthetic oils include, for example, polybutene and ⁇ -olefin homopolymers or copolymers (eg, ⁇ -olefin homopolymers or copolymers having 8 to 14 carbon atoms such as ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymers).
- Poly ⁇ -olefin (PAO), etc . various esters such as polyol esters, dibasic acid esters, and phosphate esters; various ethers such as polyphenyl ethers; polyglycols; alkylbenzenes; alkyl naphthalenes; And synthetic oils obtained by isomerizing wax (GTL wax).
- the API American Petroleum Institute
- the viscosity of the base oil at 100 ° C. is preferably 2 to 30 mm 2 / s, more preferably 2 to 15 mm 2 / s. If the base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of 2 mm 2 / s or more, the evaporation loss is small. On the other hand, if it is 30 mm 2 / s or less, the power loss due to the viscous resistance is not so large. can get.
- the viscosity index of the base oil is preferably 120 or more from the viewpoint of suppressing the viscosity change due to the temperature change and improving the fuel economy.
- the kinematic viscosity and viscosity index of this mixed oil are the said range.
- the content of the base oil is preferably 55% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more, still more preferably 65% by mass or more, particularly preferably 70% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition. Moreover, Preferably it is 99 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 95 mass% or less.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention contains a calcium-based detergent.
- calcium-based detergents include calcium salts of sulfonates, phenates, and salicylates, and these can be used alone or in combination.
- a salicylate calcium salt (calcium salicylate) is preferred from the viewpoint of improving cleanliness and fuel economy.
- These calcium-based detergents may be neutral, basic or overbased, but are preferably basic or overbased from the viewpoint of cleanliness, and their total base number is 10 to 10 500 mg KOH / g is preferable, 150 to 500 mg KOH / g is more preferable, 150 to 450 mg KOH / g is still more preferable, and 180 to 300 mg KOH / g is particularly preferable.
- the total base number is measured in accordance with the perchloric acid method defined in JIS K2501.
- the calcium-based detergent content in terms of calcium atoms is less than 2,000 ppm by mass based on the total amount of the composition.
- the calcium detergent content is preferably 800 ppm by mass or more, more preferably 800 to 1,800 ppm by mass, and still more preferably 800 to 1,500 ppm by mass. .
- the calcium-based detergent is less than 2,000 ppm by mass, and even if it is a small amount of 1,800 ppm by mass or less and 1,500 ppm by mass or less, it is specific to other detergents described later. By using together at a ratio, it was possible to obtain excellent LSPI prevention performance while ensuring excellent cleanliness.
- the content in terms of calcium atom in the lubricating oil composition is a value measured according to JIS-5S-38-92. Further, the contents of magnesium atom, sodium atom, boron atom, molybdenum atom and phosphorus atom described later are also values measured in accordance with JIS-5S-38-92. Further, the content in terms of nitrogen atom means a value measured according to JIS K2609.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention contains a magnesium-based detergent and / or a sodium-based detergent.
- magnesium detergents and sodium detergents include sulfonates, phenates, salicylate magnesium salts, and sodium salts, and these can be used alone or in combination. From the viewpoint of cleanliness, magnesium salts of sulfonate (magnesium sulfonate) and sodium salts (sodium sulfonate) are preferable.
- These detergents may be neutral, basic, or overbased, but are preferably basic or overbased from the viewpoint of cleanliness, and their total base number is 150 to 650 mgKOH / g is preferable, 150 to 500 mgKOH / g is more preferable, and 200 to 500 mgKOH / g is still more preferable.
- the total base number is measured according to the perchloric acid method defined in JIS K2501.
- the content in terms of magnesium atoms and / or sodium atoms of the magnesium-based detergent and / or sodium-based detergent is 100 mass ppm or more based on the total amount of the composition.
- the magnesium-based detergent and / or sodium-based detergent has a magnesium atom and / or sodium atom content of 100 ppm by mass or more, excellent cleanability and LSPI prevention performance can be obtained.
- the magnesium-based detergent and / or sodium-based detergent content in terms of magnesium atoms and / or sodium atoms is preferably 100 to 1,500 mass ppm, 300 ⁇ 1,000 ppm by mass is more preferred.
- said content applies to the total content of these detergents, when using together a magnesium type detergent and a sodium type detergent.
- the mass ratio [(Mg and / or Na) / Ca] of the magnesium atom (Mg) and / or the sodium atom (Na) and the calcium atom (Ca) contained in the magnesium-based detergent and / or the sodium-based detergent. Is 0.05 to 1.50. If this mass ratio is less than 0.05, excellent LSPI prevention performance and cleanliness cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1.50, excellent cleanability cannot be obtained, and depending on the use conditions of the lubricating oil composition, acicular crystals derived from a magnesium-based detergent or the like may be generated and gelled. From the viewpoint of obtaining excellent cleanliness and LSPI prevention performance, the mass ratio is preferably 0.10 to 1.00, more preferably 0.20 to 0.75.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention preferably further comprises poly (meth) acrylate from the viewpoint of saving fuel.
- Poly (meth) acrylate functions as a viscosity index improver or a pour point depressant, and by using this, the viscosity characteristics of the lubricating oil composition can be improved and fuel economy can be improved.
- the poly (meth) acrylate may be either a dispersion type or a non-dispersion type, and is preferably composed of an alkyl (meth) acrylate having an alkyl group in the molecule.
- the alkyl group in the alkyl (meth) acrylate is preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or a branched alkyl group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms.
- Examples of such monomers include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, pentyl (meth) acrylate, hexyl (meth) acrylate, and heptyl (meth) acrylate. Octyl (meth) acrylate, nonyl (meth) acrylate, decyl (meth) acrylate, and the like. Two or more of these monomers may be used as a copolymer.
- the alkyl group of these monomers may be linear or branched.
- the poly (meth) acrylate preferably has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 10,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 30,000 to 600,000, and 320,000 to 600,000. More preferably, it is more preferably 400,000 to 550,000.
- the poly (meth) acrylate preferably has a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 10,000 to 1,000,000, and more preferably 30,000 to 500,000.
- the molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) is preferably 6 or less, more preferably 5 or less, and even more preferably 3.5 or less. When the molecular weight of the poly (meth) acrylate is within the above range, excellent fuel economy can be obtained.
- the weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight are values obtained by measuring by GPC and using polystyrene as a calibration curve, and are specifically measured under the following conditions.
- the content of the poly (meth) acrylate may be appropriately set according to the desired HTHS viscosity, etc., based on the total amount of the composition, preferably 0.01 to 10.00% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 5 0.000% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 2.00% by mass. When the content is within the above range, excellent cleanliness as well as fuel saving can be obtained.
- content of poly (meth) acrylate means content of only the resin part which consists of poly (meth) acrylate, for example, the mass of dilution oil etc. which are contained with this poly (meth) acrylate is not included The content is based on solid content.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention contains a polymer having a structure having a number of trident branch points with linear side chains in the main chain (hereinafter referred to as a comb polymer) as a viscosity index improver. It is preferable to do.
- a comb polymer for example, a polymer having at least a structural unit derived from a macromonomer having a polymerizable functional group such as a (meth) acryloyl group, an ethenyl group, a vinyl ether group, and an allyl group is preferably exemplified.
- the structural unit corresponds to a “linear side chain”.
- various vinyl monomers such as alkyl (meth) acrylates, nitrogen atom-containing systems, halogen element-containing systems, hydroxyl group-containing systems, aliphatic hydrocarbon systems, alicyclic hydrocarbon systems, and aromatic hydrocarbon systems.
- a copolymer having a side chain containing a structural unit derived from a macromonomer having the above polymerizable functional group with respect to a main chain containing a structural unit derived from a monomer.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the macromonomer is preferably 200 or more, more preferably 300 or more, still more preferably 400 or more, and preferably 100,000 or less, more preferably 50,000 or less, still more preferably 10, 000 or less. Further, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the comb polymer is preferably 1,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 5,000 to 800,000, from the viewpoint of improving fuel economy, and 50,000. More preferred is ⁇ 700,000.
- the molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) is preferably 6 or less, more preferably 5.6 or less, still more preferably 5 or less, and there is no particular limitation on the lower limit, but usually 1.01 or more, preferably It is 1.05 or more, more preferably 1.10 or more, and still more preferably 1.50 or more.
- the content of the comb polymer is preferably from 0.1 to 20.0% by mass, more preferably from 0.5 to 10.0% by mass, based on the total amount of the composition, from the viewpoint of improving fuel economy. More preferably, the content is ⁇ 8.0% by mass.
- the content of the comb polymer means the content of only the resin component composed of the comb polymer, and is, for example, a solid content content that does not include the mass of the diluent oil or the like contained with the comb polymer.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention includes viscosity index improvers other than the above poly (meth) acrylates and comb polymers, such as olefin copolymers (for example, ethylene-propylene copolymers), dispersed olefins, and the like.
- olefin copolymers for example, ethylene-propylene copolymers
- a styrene copolymer or a styrene copolymer for example, a styrene-diene copolymer, a styrene-isoprene copolymer, etc.
- the content of the poly (meth) acrylate and / or comb polymer in the viscosity index improver used in the present invention is as follows.
- the solid content in the viscosity index improver is preferably 70 to 100% by mass, more preferably 80 to 100% by mass, and still more preferably 90 to 100% by mass.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention preferably contains succinimide and / or boron-containing succinimide as a dispersant from the viewpoint of cleanliness.
- Preferred examples of the succinimide include alkenyl succinimide and alkyl succinimide having an alkenyl group or an alkyl group in the molecule.
- the monotype represented by the following general formula (1), the following general formula ( The screw type shown by 2) is mentioned.
- R 1 , R 3 and R 4 are each an alkenyl group or alkyl group having a number average molecular weight of 500 to 4,000, and R 3 and R 4 are the same or different. May be.
- the number average molecular weight of R 1 , R 3 and R 4 is preferably 1,000 to 4,000. If the number average molecular weight of R 1 , R 3 and R 4 is 500 or more, the solubility in the base oil is good, and if it is 4,000 or less, good dispersibility is obtained and excellent cleanliness. Is obtained.
- R 2 , R 5 and R 6 are each an alkylene group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and R 5 and R 6 may be the same or different.
- m is an integer of 1 to 10, preferably an integer of 2 to 5, more preferably 3 or 4. When m is 1 or more, the dispersibility is good, and when it is 10 or less, the solubility in the base oil is also good, and excellent cleanliness is obtained.
- n is an integer of 0 to 10, preferably an integer of 1 to 4, more preferably 2 or 3. When n is within the above range, it is preferable in terms of dispersibility and solubility in base oil, and excellent cleanliness can be obtained.
- Examples of the alkenyl group that can be adopted for R 1 , R 3, and R 4 include a polybutenyl group, a polyisobutenyl group, and an ethylene-propylene copolymer, and examples of the alkyl group include those obtained by hydrogenation thereof.
- the polybutenyl group a mixture of 1-butene and isobutene or a polymer obtained by polymerizing high-purity isobutene is preferably used.
- the alkenyl group is preferably a polybutenyl group or isobutenyl group, and the alkyl group includes a hydrogenated polybutenyl group or isobutenyl group.
- an alkenyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of cleanliness, that is, an alkenyl succinimide or a boron-containing alkenyl succinimide is preferable.
- Examples of the alkylene group that can be employed for R 2 , R 5, and R 6 include a methylene group, an ethylene group, an ethylidene group, a trimethylene group, a propylene group, an isopropylene group, a tetramethylene group, a butylene group, an isobutylene group, and a pentylene group. , Hexamethylene group, hexylene group and the like.
- Succinimide is usually produced by reacting an alkenyl succinic anhydride obtained by the reaction of a polyolefin and maleic anhydride, or an alkyl succinic anhydride obtained by hydrogenating it with a polyamine. it can.
- Monotype succinimide compounds and bis type succinimide compounds can be produced by changing the reaction ratio of alkenyl succinic anhydride or alkyl succinic anhydride and polyamine.
- olefin monomer forming the polyolefin one or two or more ⁇ -olefins having 2 to 8 carbon atoms can be used in combination, and a mixture of isobutene and 1-butene is preferable.
- Polyamines include ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, butylenediamine, pentylenediamine, and other single diamines; diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, di (methylethylene) triamine, dibutylenetriamine, and butylenetetramine And polyalkylene polyamines such as pentapentylenehexamine; piperazine derivatives such as aminoethylpiperazine, and the like.
- the nitrogen content in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is preferably less than 0.16% by mass.
- the nitrogen content in the composition is less than 0.16% by mass, cleanliness and fuel economy can be improved in a balanced manner.
- the nitrogen content is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and less than 0.16% by mass, preferably 0.01 to 0.14% by mass, and more preferably 0.03 to 0.13% by mass. 0.04 to 0.12% by mass is more preferable, and 0.06 to 0.12% by mass is particularly preferable.
- the nitrogen content is a content mainly resulting from succinimide and / or boron-containing succinimide, but the content of succinimide and / or boron-containing succinimide in terms of nitrogen atom is The amount is preferably 0.02 to 0.08% by mass or less based on the total amount of the composition, more preferably 0.03 to 0.08% by mass, and still more preferably 0.03% to 0.07% by mass.
- the boron-containing succinimide is produced, for example, by reacting an alkenyl succinic anhydride or alkyl succinic anhydride obtained by the reaction of the above-mentioned polyolefin with maleic anhydride with the above polyamine and boron compound.
- the boron compound include boron oxide, boron halide, boric acid, boric anhydride, boric acid ester, ammonium salt of boric acid, and the like.
- the content of boron-containing succinimide in terms of boron atom is preferably 600 ppm by mass or less, more preferably 10 to 600 ppm by mass based on the total amount of the composition from the viewpoint of improving cleanliness and fuel economy in a balanced manner. It is preferably 30 to 500 ppm by mass, more preferably 120 to 400 ppm by mass, and particularly preferably 220 to 400 ppm by mass.
- a modified polybutenyl succinimide obtained by reacting the succinimide described above with alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, alkylphenol, cyclic carbonate, epoxy compound, organic acid or the like. it can.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention preferably contains boron-containing polybutenyl succinimide and boron-containing polybutenyl succinimide and boron-free polybutenyl succinate from the viewpoint of cleanliness and fuel efficiency. More preferably, it contains an acid bisimide.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention preferably contains an antiwear agent and an extreme pressure agent from the viewpoint of improving fuel economy and wear resistance.
- antiwear agents and extreme pressure agents include organic zinc compounds such as zinc phosphate, zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZnDTP), and zinc dithiocarbamate (ZnDTC); disulfides, sulfurized olefins, sulfurized fats and oils, sulfurized esters Sulfur-containing compounds such as thiocarbonates, thiocarbamates, polysulfides; phosphorous esters, phosphate esters, phosphonate esters, and phosphorus-containing compounds such as amine salts or metal salts thereof; Examples include acid esters, thiophosphate esters, thiophosphonate esters, and sulfur- and phosphorus-containing antiwear agents such as amine salts or metal salts thereof, which can be used alone or in combination of two or more. .
- zinc dialkyldithiophosphate ZnDTP
- ZnDTP zinc dialkyldithiophosphate
- R 7 and R 8 are each independently an alkylaryl substituted with a primary or secondary alkyl group having 3 to 22 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms. Indicates a group.
- the primary or secondary alkyl group having 3 to 22 carbon atoms primary or secondary propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, nonyl group. Examples include decyl group, dodecyl group, tetradecyl group, hexadecyl group, octadecyl group, icosyl group and the like.
- alkylaryl group substituted with an alkyl group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms examples include a propylphenyl group, a pentylphenyl group, an octylphenyl group, a nonylphenyl group, and a dodecylphenyl group.
- ZnDTP zinc dialkyldithiophosphate
- primary dialkyldithiophosphate zinc having a primary alkyl group Primary alkyl ZnDTP
- primary alkyl ZnDTP and secondary dialkyldithiophosphate zinc having secondary alkyl group secondary alkyl ZnDTP
- the mass blending ratio of primary alkyl ZnDTP and secondary alkyl ZnDTP is 1: 3. ⁇ 1: 15 is preferred, 1: 4 to 1:10 is more preferred, and 1: 6 to 1:10 is even more preferred.
- ZnDTP zinc dialkyldithiophosphate
- the content of ZnDTP in terms of phosphorus atoms is preferably 100 to 2,000 mass ppm, preferably 300 to 1,500 mass ppm, based on the total amount of the composition. More preferably, 500 to 1,000 ppm by mass is still more preferable, and 600 to 840 ppm by mass is particularly preferable.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention preferably contains an antioxidant.
- the antioxidant include amine-based antioxidants, phenol-based antioxidants, molybdenum-based antioxidants, sulfur-based antioxidants, and phosphorus-based antioxidants.
- amine antioxidants include diphenylamine and diphenylamine antioxidants such as alkylated diphenylamine having an alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms; ⁇ -naphthylamine, alkyl substituted phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and the like. And naphthylamine antioxidants.
- phenolic antioxidant examples include 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, and octadecyl-3- (3,5-diphenol).
- Monophenol antioxidants such as -tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate; 4,4'-methylenebis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis (4-ethyl-6) -Tertiarybutylphenol) and the like; hindered phenolic antioxidants and the like.
- Examples of the molybdenum-based antioxidant include molybdenum amine complex formed by reacting molybdenum trioxide and / or molybdic acid with an amine compound.
- Examples of the sulfur-based antioxidant include dilauryl-3,3′-thiodipropionate.
- Examples of phosphorus antioxidants include phosphites. These antioxidants may be used alone or in combination of a plurality of types, and it is usually preferable to use a combination of a plurality of types.
- the content of the antioxidant is preferably 0.01 to 3% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 2% by mass, based on the total amount of the composition.
- the content in terms of nitrogen atom is preferably 50 to 1,500 mass ppm, more preferably 100 to 1,000 ppm by mass based on the total amount of the composition. 150 to 800 ppm by mass is more preferable, and 200 to 600 ppm by mass is particularly preferable.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention preferably contains a pour point depressant.
- Pour point depressants include, for example, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, condensate of chlorinated paraffin and naphthalene, condensate of chlorinated paraffin and phenol, polymethacrylate, polyalkylstyrene, and the above poly (meta ) Acrylate and the like.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the pour point depressant is preferably 20,000 to 100,000, more preferably 30,000 to 80,000, and 40,000 to 60,000. Is more preferable.
- the molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) is preferably 5 or less, more preferably 3 or less, and still more preferably 2 or less.
- the content of the pour point depressant may be appropriately determined according to the desired MRV viscosity and the like, preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.02 to 2% by mass.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention preferably contains a friction modifier from the viewpoint of improving fuel economy and wear resistance.
- the friction modifier can be used without limitation as long as it is usually used as a friction modifier for lubricating oil compositions.
- the alkyl group or alkenyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, particularly 6 to 30 carbon atoms can be used.
- Ashless friction modifiers such as aliphatic amines, fatty acid esters, fatty acid amides, fatty acids, fatty alcohols and aliphatic ethers having at least one linear alkyl group or linear alkenyl group in the molecule; molybdenum dithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), molybdenum dithiophosphate (MoDTP), and molybdenum-based friction modifiers such as amine salts of molybdic acid. These can be used alone or in combination. Of these, molybdenum friction modifiers are preferred.
- the content based on the total amount of the composition is preferably 0.01 to 3% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 2% by mass.
- the content in terms of molybdenum atoms is preferably 0.01 to 0.15% by mass, more preferably 0.012 to 0.1% by mass based on the total amount of the composition.
- 0.015 to 0.08 mass% is more preferable, 0.02 to 0.08 mass% is still more preferable, and more than 0.04 mass% and 0.07 mass% or less is particularly preferable.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention may contain a general-purpose additive as necessary as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- a general-purpose additive include a rust inhibitor, a metal deactivator, an antifoaming agent, and an extreme pressure agent.
- rust preventive examples include petroleum sulfonate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate, alkenyl succinic acid ester, and polyhydric alcohol ester.
- metal deactivator examples include benzotriazole compounds, tolyltriazole compounds, thiadiazole compounds, imidazole compounds, pyrimidine compounds, and the like.
- antifoaming agent examples include silicone oil, fluorosilicone oil, and fluoroalkyl ether.
- extreme pressure agents include sulfur-based extreme pressure agents such as sulfides, sulfoxides, sulfones, thiophosphinates, halogen-based extreme pressure agents such as chlorinated hydrocarbons, and organometallic extreme pressure agents. It is done.
- Each content of these general-purpose additives can be appropriately adjusted within the range not impairing the object of the present invention, and is usually 0.001 to 10% by mass, preferably 0.005 to 5% based on the total amount of the composition. 5% by mass.
- the total content of these general-purpose additives is preferably 20% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or less, still more preferably 5% by mass or less, and still more preferably 2% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the composition. It is.
- Kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of the lubricating oil composition of the present invention from the viewpoint of fuel economy, preferably 3.8 ⁇ 12.5mm 2 / s, more preferably 4.0 ⁇ 11.0mm 2 / s, 4 Is more preferably 0.0 to 9.2 mm 2 / s, and particularly preferably 5.0 to 8.0 mm 2 / s.
- the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. is a value measured using a glass capillary viscometer.
- the HTHS viscosity at 150 ° C. of the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is preferably 1.4 to 5 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 1.4 to 4 mPa ⁇ s, and still more preferably 2 to 3 mPa ⁇ s. If the HTHS viscosity at 150 ° C. is 1.5 mPa ⁇ s or more, the lubricating performance can be improved. If the HTHS viscosity is 4 mPa ⁇ s or less, excellent viscosity characteristics at low temperature can be obtained, and excellent fuel economy can be achieved. Sex is also obtained. The HTHS viscosity at 150 ° C.
- the HTHS viscosity at 150 ° C. is a value of a high temperature high viscosity at 150 ° C. measured according to ASTM D 4741, and specifically, a value obtained by the measurement method described in the examples.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is used for gasoline engines, and is particularly suitable for gasoline engines equipped with a direct injection supercharging mechanism. By using for such a use, the outstanding cleanliness, fuel-saving property, and LSPI prevention property which the lubricating oil composition of this invention has can be utilized effectively.
- the base oil contains a calcium-based detergent, a magnesium-based detergent and / or a sodium-based detergent, and the content of the calcium-based detergent in terms of calcium atoms. , Less than 2,000 ppm by mass based on the total amount of the composition, and magnesium atoms (Mg) contained in the magnesium-based detergent and / or sodium atoms (Na) and calcium atoms (Ca contained in the sodium-based detergent) ) And a mass ratio [(Mg and / or Na) / Ca] of 0.05 to 1.50.
- each component may be mix
- a calcium-based detergent, a magnesium-based detergent and / or a sodium-based detergent, and other additives may be mixed separately, and then this mixture may be blended into the base oil. They may be added and mixed sequentially, and the order of addition in this case does not matter.
- HTHS viscosity at 150 ° C. high temperature high shear viscosity
- ASTM D 4741 the viscosity of the target lubricating oil composition was measured after shearing at 150 ° C. at a shear rate of 10 6 / s.
- Examples 1 to 10, Comparative Examples 1 to 3 Examples 1 to 10 were formulated with base oils and various additives of the types and blending amounts shown in Table 1, and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were blended with base oils and various additives of the types and blending amounts shown in Table 2.
- Each lubricating oil composition having an HTHS viscosity at 150 ° C. of 2.6 mPa ⁇ s was prepared.
- the temperature was raised to 400 ° C. at a rate of 10 ° C./min.
- instantaneous heat generation occurs at a specific temperature and burns.
- the larger the amount of heat generated when instantaneous heat generation occurs at this time the easier it is to cause a combustion reaction in the combustion chamber, that is, to attract LSPI. Therefore, the maximum value of the heat flow corresponding to the heat generation rate was obtained as a reference for the amount of heat generated when instantaneous heat generation occurred. It can be said that LSPI prevention performance is so good that this maximum value is small, and accepts 325.5mW or less.
- Base oil Mineral oil classified into group III of the API base oil category, kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C.
- the lubricating oil compositions of the examples have a high score of 7 to 10 in the hot tube test, and the maximum value of the heat flow is 325.5 mW or less. It was confirmed to be excellent.
- the lubricating oil composition of Comparative Example 1 in which the calcium detergent was excessively added had heat flow maximum values of 326.1 mW and 325.5 mW, and the LSPI prevention performance was high. It was inferior and it was confirmed that the lubricating oil composition of the comparative example 2 which does not contain a magnesium type detergent and a sodium type detergent is also inferior in LSPI prevention performance.
- the lubricating oil composition of Comparative Example 3 containing an excessive amount of magnesium-based detergent had a low hot tube test score of 6 and was inferior in cleanliness.
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Abstract
Description
従来、ガソリンエンジン、ディーゼルエンジン等に用いられる潤滑油組成物としては、金属清浄剤として主にカルシウム系清浄剤を採用し、清浄性を向上させることが試みられてきた(例えば、特許文献1)。
潤滑油組成物には、清浄性を向上させるために、特許文献1に記載の組成物のように、金属清浄剤として主にカルシウム系清浄剤を採用している。しかし、さらに清浄性を高めるためにカルシウム系清浄剤の配合量を増やした潤滑油組成物は、高圧雰囲気下で着火したときの発熱量が大きいことが判明した。エンジンシリンダー内に侵入した潤滑油組成物の着火はLSPIの原因となるため、LSPIの発生防止の観点から、カルシウム系清浄剤の配合量は極力低減する必要がある。
このように、清浄性とLSPI防止性能とは相反する性能であるといえ、清浄性とLSPI防止性能とをバランスよく向上させた潤滑油組成物、さらには直噴過給機構を搭載したガソリンエンジンにも適用し得る潤滑油組成物が望まれていた。
該カルシウム系清浄剤の組成物全量基準のカルシウム原子換算の含有量が2,000質量ppm未満であり、
該マグネシウム系清浄剤に含まれるマグネシウム原子(Mg)及び/又は該ナトリウム系清浄剤に含まれるナトリウム原子(Na)とカルシウム原子(Ca)との質量比[(Mg及び/又はNa)/Ca]が0.05~1.50である、ガソリンエンジン用潤滑油組成物。
[2]さらに、ポリ(メタ)アクリレートを含む上記[1]に記載のガソリンエンジン用潤滑油組成物。
[3]さらに、コハク酸イミド及び/又はホウ素含有コハク酸イミドを含む上記[1]又は[2]に記載のガソリンエンジン用潤滑油組成物。
[4]基油に、
カルシウム系清浄剤と、
マグネシウム系清浄剤及び/又はナトリウム系清浄剤とを、
該カルシウム系清浄剤の組成物全量基準のカルシウム原子換算の含有量が2,000質量ppm未満であり、
該マグネシウム系清浄剤に含まれるマグネシウム原子(Mg)及び/又は該ナトリウム系清浄剤に含まれるナトリウム原子(Na)とカルシウム原子(Ca)との質量比[(Mg及び/又はNa)/Ca]が0.05~1.50、
となるように配合するガソリンエンジン用潤滑油組成物の製造方法。
本発明の潤滑油組成物に含まれる基油としては、鉱油であってもよく、合成油であってもよく、鉱油と合成油との混合油を用いてもよい。
鉱油としては、例えば、パラフィン基系、中間基系、ナフテン基系等の原油を常圧蒸留して得られる常圧残油;該常圧残油を減圧蒸留して得られる留出油;該留出油を、溶剤脱れき、溶剤抽出、水素化分解、溶剤脱ろう、接触脱ろう、水素化精製等の精製処理の1つ以上の処理を施した鉱油及びワックス等を挙げることができる。
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、カルシウム系清浄剤を含む。
カルシウム系清浄剤としては、スルホネート、フェネート、及びサリシレートのカルシウム塩が挙げられ、これらを単独で、又は複数種を組み合わせて用いることができる。清浄性及び省燃費性向上の観点から、サリシレートのカルシウム塩(カルシウムサリシレート)が好ましい。
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、マグネシウム系清浄剤及び/又はナトリウム系清浄剤を含む。
マグネシウム系清浄剤、ナトリウム系清浄剤としては、スルホネート、フェネート、サリシレートのマグネシウム塩、ナトリウム塩が挙げられ、これらを単独で、又は複数種を組み合わせて用いることができる。清浄性の観点から、スルホネートのマグネシウム塩(マグネシウムスルホネート)、ナトリウム塩(ナトリウムスルホネート)が好ましい。
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、省燃費化の観点から、さらにポリ(メタ)アクリレートを含むことが好ましい。ポリ(メタ)アクリレートは粘度指数向上剤、あるいは流動点降下剤として機能し、これを用いることにより潤滑油組成物の粘度特性を向上させて省燃費性を向上させることができる。
このようなモノマーとしては、例えば、メチル(メタ)アクリレート、エチル(メタ)アクリレート、プロピル(メタ)アクリレート、ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、ペンチル(メタ)アクリレート、ヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、ヘプチル(メタ)アクリレート、オクチル(メタ)アクリレート、ノニル(メタ)アクリレート、デシル(メタ)アクリレートなどが挙げられ、これらモノマーを2種類以上使用してコポリマーとしてもよい。これらモノマーのアルキル基は直鎖状でもよいし、分岐鎖状のものでもよい。
カラム :TSK gel GMH6 2本 測定温度:40℃
試料溶液:0.5質量%のTHF溶液 検出装置:屈折率検出器
標準 :ポリスチレン
ここで、ポリ(メタ)アクリレートの含有量は、ポリ(メタ)アクリレートからなる樹脂分のみの含有量を意味し、例えば、該ポリ(メタ)アクリレートとともに含有する希釈油等の質量は含まれない、固形分基準の含有量である。
より具体的には、アルキル(メタ)アクリレートや、窒素原子含有系、ハロゲン元素含有系、水酸基含有系、脂肪族炭化水素系、脂環式炭化水素系、芳香族炭化水素系等の各種ビニル単量体に由来する構成単位を含む主鎖に対して、上記重合性官能基を有するマクロモノマーに由来する構成単位を含む側鎖を有する共重合体が好ましく挙げられる。
また、櫛形ポリマーの重量平均分子量(Mw)は、省燃費性を向上させる観点から、好ましくは1,000~1,000,000、より好ましくは5,000~800,000であり、50,000~700,000がさらに好ましい。分子量分布(Mw/Mn)は、好ましくは6以下、より好ましくは5.6以下であり、更に好ましくは5以下であり、下限値としては特に制限はないが、通常1.01以上、好ましくは1.05以上、より好ましくは1.10以上、更に好ましくは1.50以上である。
本発明で用いられる粘度指数向上剤における、ポリ(メタ)アクリレート及び/又は櫛形ポリマーの含有量としては、潤滑油組成物の清浄性を向上させる観点から、当該粘度指数向上剤中の固形分の全量(100質量%)に対して、好ましくは70~100質量%、より好ましくは80~100質量%であり、更に好ましくは90~100質量%である。
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、清浄性の観点から、分散剤としてコハク酸イミド及び/又はホウ素含有コハク酸イミドを含むことが好ましい。コハク酸イミドとしては、その分子内にアルケニル基、あるいはアルキル基を有するアルケニルコハク酸イミド、アルキルコハク酸イミドが好ましく挙げられ、例えば、下記一般式(1)で示されるモノタイプ、下記一般式(2)で示されるビスタイプのものが挙げられる。
上記R1、R3及びR4の数平均分子量が500以上であれば、基油への溶解性が良好であり、4,000以下であれば良好な分散性が得られ、優れた清浄性が得られる。
mは1~10の整数であり、好ましくは2~5の整数、より好ましくは3又は4である。mが1以上であると分散性が良好であり、10以下であると基油に対する溶解性も良好であり、優れた清浄性が得られる。
nは0~10の整数であり、好ましくは1~4の整数、より好ましくは2又は3である。nが上記範囲内であれば、分散性及び基油に対する溶解性の点で好ましく、優れた清浄性が得られる。
ポリアミンとしては、エチレンジアミン、プロピレンジアミン、ブチレンジアミン、ペンチレンジアミン等の単一ジアミン;ジエチレントリアミン、トリエチレンテトラミン、テトラエチレンペンタミン、ペンタエチレンヘキサミン、ジ(メチルエチレン)トリアミン、ジブチレントリアミン、トリブチレンテトラミン、ペンタペンチレンヘキサミン等のポリアルキレンポリアミン;アミノエチルピペラジン等のピペラジン誘導体、等が挙げられる。
ホウ素化合物としては、例えば、酸化ホウ素、ハロゲン化ホウ素、ホウ酸、ホウ酸無水物、ホウ酸エステル、ホウ酸のアンモニウム塩等が挙げられる。
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、省燃費性及び耐摩耗特性の向上の観点から、耐摩耗剤、極圧剤を含むことが好ましい。耐摩耗剤、極圧剤としては、例えば、リン酸亜鉛、ジアルキルジチオリン酸亜鉛(ZnDTP)、ジチオカルバミン酸亜鉛(ZnDTC)等の有機亜鉛化合物;ジスルフィド類、硫化オレフィン類、硫化油脂類、硫化エステル類、チオカーボネート類、チオカーバメート類、ポリサルファイド類等の硫黄含有化合物;亜リン酸エステル類、リン酸エステル類、ホスホン酸エステル類、及びこれらのアミン塩又は金属塩等のリン含有化合物;チオ亜リン酸エステル類、チオリン酸エステル類、チオホスホン酸エステル類、及びこれらのアミン塩又は金属塩等の硫黄及びリン含有耐摩耗剤が挙げられ、これらを単独で、又は複数種を組み合わせて用いることができる。なかでも、ジアルキルジチオリン酸亜鉛(ZnDTP)が好ましい。
ここで、炭素数3~22の1級もしくは2級のアルキル基としては、第1級もしくは第2級のプロピル基、ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、へプチル基、オクチル基、ノニル基、デシル基、ドデシル基、テトラデシル基、ヘキサデシル基、オクタデシル基、イコシル基等が挙げられる。また、炭素数3~18のアルキル基で置換されたアルキルアリール基としては、例えばプロピルフェニル基、ペンチルフェニル基、オクチルフェニル基、ノニルフェニル基、ドデシルフェニル基等が挙げられる。
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。酸化防止剤としては、例えば、アミン系酸化防止剤、フェノール系酸化防止剤、モリブデン系酸化防止剤、硫黄系酸化防止剤、リン系酸化防止剤等が挙げられる。
アミン系酸化防止剤としては、例えばジフェニルアミン、炭素数3~20のアルキル基を有するアルキル化ジフェニルアミン等のジフェニルアミン系酸化防止剤;α-ナフチルアミン、炭素数3~20のアルキル置換フェニル-α-ナフチルアミン等のナフチルアミン系酸化防止剤等が挙げられる。
フェノール系酸化防止剤としては、例えば、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-エチルフェノール、オクタデシル-3-(3,5-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート等のモノフェノール系酸化防止剤;4,4'-メチレンビス(2,6-ジ-tert-ブチルフェノール)、2,2'-メチレンビス(4-エチル-6-tert-ブチルフェノール)等のジフェノール系酸化防止剤;ヒンダードフェノール系酸化防止剤等を挙げられる。
モリブデン系酸化防止剤としては、例えば、三酸化モリブデン及び/又はモリブデン酸とアミン化合物とを反応させてなるモリブデンアミン錯体等が挙げられる。
硫黄系酸化防止剤としては、例えば、ジラウリル-3,3'-チオジプロピオネイト等が挙げられる。
リン系酸化防止剤としては、例えば、ホスファイト等が挙げられる。
これらの酸化防止剤は、単独で又は複数種を組み合わせて用いてもよく、通常複数種を組み合わせて使用するのが好ましい。
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、流動点降下剤を含むことが好ましい。流動点降下剤としては、例えば、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体、塩素化パラフィンとナフタレンとの縮合物、塩素化パラフィンとフェノールとの縮合物、ポリメタクリレート、ポリアルキルスチレン、また上記のポリ(メタ)アクリレート等が挙げられる。
流動点降下剤の重量平均分子量(Mw)は、20,000~100,000であることが好ましく、30,000~80,000であることがより好ましく、40,000~60,000であることが更に好ましい。また、分子量分布(Mw/Mn)は、5以下が好ましく、3以下がより好ましく、2以下が更に好ましい。
流動点降下剤の含有量は、所望のMRV粘度等に応じて適宜決定すればよく、0.01~5質量%が好ましく、0.02~2質量%がより好ましい。
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、省燃費性及び耐摩耗特性の向上の観点から、摩擦調整剤を含むことが好ましい。摩擦調整剤としては、潤滑油組成物の摩擦調整剤として通常用いられるものであれば制限なく用いることができ、例えば、炭素数6~30のアルキル基又はアルケニル基、特に炭素数6~30の直鎖アルキル基又は直鎖アルケニル基を分子中に少なくとも1個有する、脂肪族アミン、脂肪酸エステル、脂肪酸アミド、脂肪酸、脂肪族アルコール、及び脂肪族エーテル等の無灰摩擦調整剤;ジチオカルバミン酸モリブデン(MoDTC)、ジチオリン酸モリブデン(MoDTP)及びモリブデン酸のアミン塩等のモリブデン系摩擦調整剤等が挙げられ、これらを単独で、又は複数種を組み合わせて用いることができる。なかでも、モリブデン系摩擦調整剤が好ましい。
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で必要に応じて、汎用添加剤を含有してもよい。汎用添加剤としては、例えば、防錆剤、金属不活性化剤、消泡剤、極圧剤等が挙げられる。
本発明の潤滑油組成物の100℃における動粘度は、省燃費性の観点から、3.8~12.5mm2/sが好ましく、4.0~11.0mm2/sがより好ましく、4.0~9.2mm2/sが更に好ましく、5.0~8.0mm2/sが特に好ましい。ここで、100℃における動粘度は、ガラス製毛管式粘度計を用いて測定した値である。
150℃におけるHTHS粘度が1.5mPa・s以上であれば、潤滑性能を良好とすることができ、4mPa・s以下であれば、低温での優れた粘度特性が得られるとともに、優れた省燃費性も得られる。150℃におけるHTHS粘度は、エンジンの高速運転時の高温領域下での粘度として想定することもでき、上記範囲に属していれば、該潤滑油組成物は、エンジンの高速運転時を想定した高温領域下での粘度等の各種性状が良好であるといえる。
150℃におけるHTHS粘度は、ASTM D 4741に準拠して測定された、150℃における高温高せん粘度の値であって、具体的には、実施例に記載の測定方法により得られる値である。
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、ガソリンエンジン用途として用いられ、とりわけ直噴過給機構が搭載されたガソリンエンジンに好適に用いられる。このような用途に用いられることで、本発明の潤滑油組成物が有する優れた清浄性、省燃費性、及びLSPI防止性を有効に活用することができる。
本発明の潤滑油組成物の製造方法は、基油に、カルシウム系清浄剤と、マグネシウム系清浄剤及び/又はナトリウム系清浄剤とを、該カルシウム系清浄剤のカルシウム原子換算での含有量が、組成物全量基準で、2,000質量ppm未満であり、該マグネシウム系清浄剤に含まれるマグネシウム原子(Mg)及び/又は該ナトリウム系清浄剤に含まれるナトリウム原子(Na)とカルシウム原子(Ca)との質量比[(Mg及び/又はNa)/Ca]が0.05~1.50、となるように配合することを特徴とするものである。
必要に応じて他の成分、例えば、ポリ(メタ)アクリレート、コハク酸イミド及び/又はホウ素含有コハク酸イミド、耐摩耗剤、酸化防止剤、流動点降下剤、摩擦調整剤、その他、汎用添加剤を配合して製造することができる。これら各成分が配合される量(配合量)は、上記した各成分の含有量の範囲内で、所望の性能に応じて適宜選択して決定すればよい。
また、上記の各成分は、いかなる方法で基油に配合されてもよく、その手法は限定されない。例えば、カルシウム系清浄剤と、マグネシウム系清浄剤及び/又はナトリウム系清浄剤、さらにその他の添加剤は、別途混合した後、この混合物を基油に配合してもよいし、それぞれを基油に逐次添加し混合してもよく、また、この場合の添加順序は問わない。
(カルシウム原子、マグネシウム原子、ナトリウム原子、リン原子、ホウ素原子の含有量)
JIS-5S-38-92に準拠して測定した。
(窒素原子の含有量)
JIS K2609に準拠して測定した。
ASTM D 4741に準拠して、対象となる潤滑油組成物について、150℃で、せん断速度106/sにて、せん断した後の粘度を測定した。
JIS K2283-2000に準じ、ガラス製毛管式粘度計を用いて測定した値である。
実施例1~10は表1に示す種類及び配合量の基油及び各種添加剤を配合し、比較例1~3は表2に示す種類及び配合量の基油及び各種添加剤を配合して、150℃におけるHTHS粘度が2.6mPa・sとなる潤滑油組成物をそれぞれ調製した。
調製したこれらの潤滑油組成物については、下記の方法に基づき300℃でのホットチューブ試験を行い、清浄性の評価を行った。その結果を表1及び表2に示す。
(ホットチューブ試験(300℃))
試験温度は、300℃に設定し、その他の条件については、JPI-5S-55-99に準拠して測定した。また、試験後の評点はJPI-5S-55-99に準拠してテストチューブに付着したラッカーを0点(黒色)~10点(無色)の11段階にて評価し、数字が大きいほど堆積物が少なく清浄性が良好であることを示す。評点は、7以上を合格とする。
各実施例及び比較例の潤滑油組成物について、下記の方法に基づき、ヒートフローの最大値を測定し、ヒートフローの最大値に基づくLSPI防止性能の評価を行った。それらの結果を表1及び表2に示す。
(ヒートフローの最大値の測定)
調製した潤滑油組成物について、高圧示差走査熱量計を用いて昇温に伴うヒートフローの発生を解析した。アルミニウムパンに試験油を5mg滴下したものを測定試料とし、基準物質に試験油を滴下していないアルミニウムパンを用いた。気圧は10atmに設定し、空気雰囲気下で測定した。昇温は10℃/分の速度で、400℃まで行った。一般に、潤滑油組成物は、昇温していくと特定の温度で瞬間的な発熱が生じ、燃焼する。この時の瞬間的な発熱が生じた際の発熱量が大きいほど、燃焼室内において燃焼反応を引き起こしやすく、すなわちLSPIを誘引しやすい。そこで、瞬間的な発熱が生じた際の発熱量の基準として、発熱速度に対応するヒートフローの最大値を求めた。該最大値が小さいほど、LSPI防止性能が良好であるといえ、325.5mW以下を合格とする。
ppmCa、ppmMg、ppmNa、ppmP、ppmN、及びppmBは、各々カルシウム(Ca)、マグネシウム(Mg)、ナトリウム(Na)、リン(P)、窒素(N)、及びホウ素(B)原子換算の含有量(質量ppm)を示す。
*1,(Mg+Na)/Caは、マグネシウム原子(Mg)及び/又はナトリウム原子(Na)とカルシウム原子(Ca)との質量比[(Mg及び/又はNa)/Ca]を示す。
*2,窒素含有量は分散剤A及びBに含まれる窒素含有量の合計である。
*3,清浄性の評価欄の数値は、ホットチューブ試験(300℃)の評点である。
*4,LSPI防止性能の評価欄の数値は、ヒートフローの最大値(mW)の値である。
・基油:API基油カテゴリーのグループIIIに分類される鉱油、100℃における動粘度=4mm2/s
・清浄剤A:過塩基性カルシウムサリシレート、塩基価(過塩素酸法)225mgKOH/g、カルシウム含有量7.8質量%
・清浄剤B:過塩基性マグネシウムスルホネート、塩基価(過塩素酸法)410mgKOH/g、マグネシウム含有量9.4質量%、硫黄含有量2.0質量%
・清浄剤C:過塩基性ナトリウムスルホネート、塩基価(過塩素酸法)450mgKOH/g、ナトリウム含有量19.5質量%、硫黄含有量1.2質量%
・粘度指数向上剤:ポリメタクリレート(PMA、Mw=43万、Mn=13万、Mw/Mn=3.3、樹脂分濃度17質量%)
・流動点降下剤:ポリメタクリレート(PMA,Mw=5万、Mn=3万、Mw/Mn=1.7、樹脂分濃度66質量%)
・耐摩耗剤:1級アルキルZnDTP(リン含有量7.3質量%、亜鉛含有量8.4質量%)
・分散剤A:コハク酸イミド(ポリブテニルコハク酸ビスイミド)、窒素含有量1質量%
・分散剤B:ホウ素含有コハク酸イミド(ホウ素含有ポリブテニルコハク酸ビスイミド)、窒素含有量1.23質量%、ホウ素含有量1.3質量%
・酸化防止剤A:ヒンダードフェノール系酸化防止剤
・酸化防止剤B:ジフェニルアミン系酸化防止剤
・その他:消泡剤、金属不活性化剤等
一方、表2に示されるように、カルシウム系清浄剤が過剰に添加された比較例1の潤滑油組成物はヒートフロー最大値が326.1mWと325.5mWを超えており、LSPI防止性能が劣っており、マグネシウム系清浄剤及びナトリウム系清浄剤を含まない比較例2の潤滑油組成物もLSPI防止性能が劣っていることが確認された。また、マグネシウム系清浄剤を過剰に含む比較例3の潤滑油組成物は、ホットチューブ試験の評点が6と低く、清浄性に劣ることが確認された。
Claims (16)
- 基油、カルシウム系清浄剤、並びにマグネシウム系清浄剤及び/又はナトリウム系清浄剤を含み、
該カルシウム系清浄剤の組成物全量基準のカルシウム原子換算の含有量が2,000質量ppm未満であり、
該マグネシウム系清浄剤に含まれるマグネシウム原子(Mg)及び/又は該ナトリウム系清浄剤に含まれるナトリウム原子(Na)とカルシウム原子(Ca)との質量比[(Mg及び/又はNa)/Ca]が0.05~1.50である、ガソリンエンジン用潤滑油組成物。 - さらに、ポリ(メタ)アクリレートを含む請求項1に記載のガソリンエンジン用潤滑油組成物。
- カルシウム系清浄剤の組成物全量基準のカルシウム原子換算の含有量が800~1,800質量ppmである請求項1又は2に記載のガソリンエンジン用潤滑油組成物。
- マグネシウム系清浄剤及び/又はナトリウム系清浄剤の組成物全量基準のマグネシウム原子及び/又はナトリウム原子換算の含有量が100質量ppm以上である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のガソリンエンジン用潤滑油組成物。
- マグネシウム系清浄剤及び/又は該ナトリウム系清浄剤の組成物全量基準のマグネシウム原子及び/又はナトリウム原子換算の含有量が100~1,500質量ppmである請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のガソリンエンジン用潤滑油組成物。
- さらに、コハク酸イミド及び/又はホウ素含有コハク酸イミドを含む請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のガソリンエンジン用潤滑油組成物。
- 組成物中の窒素含有量が0.16質量%未満である請求項6に記載のガソリンエンジン用潤滑油組成物。
- ホウ素含有コハク酸イミドの組成物全量基準のホウ素原子換算の含有量が600質量ppm以下である請求項6又は7に記載のガソリンエンジン用潤滑油組成物。
- JIS K2501に規定の過塩素酸法によるマグネシウム系清浄剤及びナトリウム系清浄剤の少なくとも一方の全塩基価が150~650mgKOH/gである請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のガソリンエンジン用潤滑油組成物。
- カルシウム系清浄剤の組成物全量基準のカルシウム原子換算の含有量が800質量ppm以上である請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載のガソリンエンジン用潤滑油組成物。
- カルシウム系清浄剤の組成物全量基準のカルシウム原子換算の含有量が800~1,500質量ppmである請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載のガソリンエンジン用潤滑油組成物。
- マグネシウム系清浄剤及び/又は該ナトリウム系清浄剤の組成物全量基準のマグネシウム原子及び/又はナトリウム原子換算の含有量が300~1,000質量ppmである請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載のガソリンエンジン用潤滑油組成物。
- 基油がAPI(米国石油協会)基油カテゴリーでグループ3~5に分類される鉱油及び合成油から選ばれる少なくとも一種である請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載のガソリンエンジン用潤滑油組成物。
- 100℃の動粘度が3.8~12.5mm2/sである請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載のガソリンエンジン用潤滑油組成物。
- 直噴過給機構が搭載されたガソリンエンジンに用いられる請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載のガソリンエンジン用潤滑油組成物。
- 基油に、
カルシウム系清浄剤と、
マグネシウム系清浄剤及び/又はナトリウム系清浄剤とを、
該カルシウム系清浄剤の組成物全量基準のカルシウム原子換算の含有量が2,000質量ppm未満であり、
該マグネシウム系清浄剤に含まれるマグネシウム原子(Mg)及び/又は該ナトリウム系清浄剤に含まれるナトリウム原子(Na)とカルシウム原子(Ca)との質量比[(Mg及び/又はNa)/Ca]が0.05~1.50、
となるように配合するガソリンエンジン用潤滑油組成物の製造方法。
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KR20190107085A (ko) * | 2017-01-18 | 2019-09-18 | 에프톤 케미칼 코포레이션 | 과염기화된 칼슘 및 과염기화된 마그네슘 세제를 갖는 윤활제 및 저속 조기 점화 개선 방법 |
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JPWO2020203525A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-08 | ||
JP7281321B2 (ja) | 2019-03-29 | 2023-05-25 | 出光興産株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物 |
JP7454556B2 (ja) | 2019-03-29 | 2024-03-22 | 出光興産株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物 |
WO2021200799A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-10-07 | 出光興産株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物 |
JP7493373B2 (ja) | 2020-03-31 | 2024-05-31 | 出光興産株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物 |
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WO2022201845A1 (ja) * | 2021-03-23 | 2022-09-29 | Eneos株式会社 | 内燃機関用潤滑油組成物 |
JP2023092504A (ja) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-07-03 | アフトン・ケミカル・コーポレーション | 混合フリート対応潤滑組成物 |
JP7445737B2 (ja) | 2021-12-21 | 2024-03-07 | アフトン・ケミカル・コーポレーション | 混合フリート対応潤滑組成物 |
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KR20170129686A (ko) | 2017-11-27 |
CN109913293B (zh) | 2022-09-27 |
EP3275978B1 (en) | 2024-05-08 |
US20170204348A1 (en) | 2017-07-20 |
JP6197124B2 (ja) | 2017-09-13 |
KR102609788B1 (ko) | 2023-12-04 |
CN109913293A (zh) | 2019-06-21 |
EP3505607B1 (en) | 2024-05-22 |
CN106459814B (zh) | 2021-04-06 |
JPWO2016152995A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
EP3275978A1 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
US10781395B2 (en) | 2020-09-22 |
EP3505607A1 (en) | 2019-07-03 |
EP3275978A4 (en) | 2019-01-16 |
CN106459814A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
US20190169526A1 (en) | 2019-06-06 |
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