WO2016084679A1 - 分離膜構造体 - Google Patents
分離膜構造体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016084679A1 WO2016084679A1 PCT/JP2015/082419 JP2015082419W WO2016084679A1 WO 2016084679 A1 WO2016084679 A1 WO 2016084679A1 JP 2015082419 W JP2015082419 W JP 2015082419W WO 2016084679 A1 WO2016084679 A1 WO 2016084679A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- separation membrane
- sample
- membrane
- type zeolite
- silica
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 366
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 249
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 407
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 232
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 231
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 231
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 205
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 91
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 39
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 11
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- DKNWSYNQZKUICI-UHFFFAOYSA-N amantadine Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC2CC1(N)C3 DKNWSYNQZKUICI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 10
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000408939 Atalopedes campestris Species 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropylammonium Chemical compound CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BGQMOFGZRJUORO-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC BGQMOFGZRJUORO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HXQQNYSFSLBXQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC1=C(NC(CO)C(O)=O)CC(O)(CO)CC1=NCC(O)=O Chemical compound COC1=C(NC(CO)C(O)=O)CC(O)(CO)CC1=NCC(O)=O HXQQNYSFSLBXQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000971 Silver steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cs+] AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JGOICJFFICGNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M disodium;3-[dihydroxy(oxido)silyl]propanoate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O[Si](O)([O-])CCC([O-])=O JGOICJFFICGNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000992 sputter etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/028—Molecular sieves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0046—Inorganic membrane manufacture by slurry techniques, e.g. die or slip-casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/1216—Three or more layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/1218—Layers having the same chemical composition, but different properties, e.g. pore size, molecular weight or porosity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/022—Metals
- B01D71/0223—Group 8, 9 or 10 metals
- B01D71/02231—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/022—Metals
- B01D71/0223—Group 8, 9 or 10 metals
- B01D71/02232—Nickel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/028—Molecular sieves
- B01D71/0281—Zeolites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
- C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
- C01B39/14—Type A
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
- C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
- C01B39/36—Pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
- C01B39/38—Type ZSM-5
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
- C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
- C01B39/46—Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/04—Characteristic thickness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/16—Membrane materials having positively charged functional groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/024—Oxides
- B01D71/027—Silicium oxide
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a separation membrane structure.
- a ceramic filter comprising a porous support and a zeolite membrane formed on the porous support is superior in mechanical strength and durability compared to a polymer membrane, so that a mixture fluid (liquid) It is suitable for separating or concentrating a desired component from a mixture or gas mixture (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the separation performance can be improved by adding a predetermined cation to the separation membrane to improve the adsorptivity of the permeation component.
- a predetermined cation to improve the adsorptivity of the permeation component.
- the separation membrane is too thick, the adsorption performance becomes too strong and the permeation performance may decrease. is there.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a separation membrane structure capable of achieving both permeation performance and separation performance.
- the separation membrane structure according to the present invention includes a porous support, a first separation membrane formed on the porous support, and a second separation membrane formed on the first separation membrane.
- the first separation membrane contains high silica zeolite having a Si / Al atomic ratio of 200 or more.
- the second separation membrane contains a cation.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the separation membrane structure 10.
- the separation membrane structure 10 includes a porous support 20, a first separation membrane 30, and a second separation membrane 40.
- the porous support 20 supports the first separation membrane 30 and the second separation membrane 40.
- the porous support 20 has such chemical stability that the first separation membrane 30 and the second separation membrane 40 can be formed (crystallized or precipitated) into a film shape on the surface.
- a ceramic sintered body for example, a ceramic sintered body, metal, organic polymer, glass, carbon, and the like can be used.
- the ceramic sintered body include alumina, silica, mullite, zirconia, titania, yttria, silicon nitride, and silicon carbide.
- the metal include aluminum, iron, bronze, silver, and stainless steel.
- the organic polymer include polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polysulfone, and polyimide.
- the porous support 20 may have any shape that can supply a mixture fluid (liquid mixture or gas mixture) to be separated to the first separation membrane 30 and the second separation membrane 40.
- Examples of the shape of the porous support 20 include a honeycomb shape, a monolith shape, a flat plate shape, a tubular shape, a cylindrical shape, a columnar shape, and a prismatic shape, but are not particularly limited.
- the porous support 20 is formed in a porous shape having a plurality of open pores.
- the average pore diameter of the porous support 20 may be a size that allows a permeable component that passes through the first separation membrane 30 and the second separation membrane 40 to pass through the separation target. Increasing the open pore diameter tends to increase the permeation amount of the permeation component. Decreasing the open pore diameter increases the strength of the porous support itself and flattenes the surface of the porous support. It becomes easy to form the first separation membrane 30.
- the porous support may have a single layer structure having a uniform open pore diameter or a multilayer structure having different open pore diameters.
- each layer may be made of a different material among the above materials, or may be made of the same material.
- the first separation membrane 30 is formed on the surface 20S of the porous support 20.
- the porous support 20 is formed in a honeycomb shape or a monolith shape, the first separation membrane 30 is formed inside each of the plurality of through holes of the porous support 20.
- the first separation membrane 30 contains zeolite (high silica zeolite) having a Si / Al atomic ratio of 200 or more as a main component. Such high silica zeolite contains substantially no or no aluminum. High silica zeolite has the characteristics of high corrosion resistance and few film defects. Therefore, the first separation membrane 30 has chemical stability and a uniform average pore diameter, and functions as an underlayer for the second separation membrane 40.
- the Si / Al atomic ratio of the high silica zeolite in the first separation membrane 30 can be adjusted by controlling the composition of the raw material solution during hydrothermal synthesis, as will be described later.
- the Si / Al atomic ratio of the high silica zeolite in the first separation membrane 30 can be measured by SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy).
- the composition X “contains the substance Y as a main component” means that the substance Y occupies 60% by weight or more, preferably 70% by weight or more, more preferably, in the entire composition X. It means to occupy 90% by weight or more.
- the framework structure (type) of the high-silica zeolite contained in the first separation membrane 30 is not particularly limited.
- MFI, DDR, MEL, BEA, CHA, and the like that can easily produce a film having a high silica structure with few defects are preferable.
- the first separation membrane 30 may contain an inorganic binder such as silica or alumina, an organic binder such as a polymer, or a silylating agent in addition to the above-described high silica zeolite.
- an inorganic binder such as silica or alumina
- an organic binder such as a polymer
- a silylating agent in addition to the above-described high silica zeolite.
- the first separation membrane 30 is formed in a film shape.
- the thickness of the first separation membrane 30 is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the first separation membrane 30 is made thin, the amount of permeation tends to increase, and when the first separation membrane 30 is made thick, the selectivity and membrane strength tend to be improved. However, if the first separation membrane 30 is too thick, cracks may occur in the membrane and the selectivity may decrease.
- the first separation membrane 30 has pores.
- the average pore diameter of the first separation membrane 30 is not particularly limited and can be adjusted according to the separation target.
- the pore diameter is a value derived from the framework structure and composition.
- the average pore diameter is an arithmetic average of the major axis and the minor axis of the largest pore among the pore structures having an oxygen 8-membered ring or more present in the skeleton structure.
- the average pore diameter can be, for example, 0.2 nm to 2.0 nm.
- the average pore diameter can be adjusted by the raw material particle diameter, the heating temperature, and the like.
- the average pore diameter can be measured with a nano palm porometer.
- the average pore diameter can be set to 0.2 nm to 5.0 nm, for example.
- the second separation membrane 40 is formed on the surface 30S of the first separation membrane 30.
- the second separation membrane 40 contains at least one cation selected from alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, Co, Pd, and Pt. What is necessary is just to select the kind of cation according to the function to give to the 2nd separation membrane 40.
- FIG. 1 A diagrammatic representation of an exemplary separation membrane 40.
- the adsorptivity of the permeated component can be improved by allowing the second separation membrane 40 (low silica MFI type zeolite, low silica BEA type zeolite or the like) to contain an Ag cation.
- the second separation membrane 40 lower silica DDR type zeolite or the like
- the second separation membrane 40 preferably contains a cation of Li or Cs.
- oxygen is permeated
- the second separation membrane 40 preferably contains a Co complex cation.
- the second separation membrane 40 When hydrogen is allowed to permeate, the second separation membrane 40 (low silica DDR type zeolite or the like) preferably contains a cation of Pd, Ni, or Cu. Thereby, the separation performance of the separation membrane structure 10 can be improved.
- the cation can be introduced into the second separation membrane 40 by ion exchange after the film formation.
- the cations may be introduced simultaneously with the formation of the second separation membrane 40.
- the second separation membrane 40 only needs to contain the above-mentioned cation, and can contain an inorganic material such as zeolite, carbon, silica, or organic silica as a main component.
- the second separation membrane 40 is preferably mainly composed of zeolite (low silica zeolite) having a Si / Al atomic ratio smaller than that of the high silica zeolite contained in the first separation membrane 30, and the Si / Al atomic ratio is 60 or less. It is particularly preferable to use low silica zeolite. Since zeolite has a uniform pore diameter, the separation performance of the separation membrane structure 10 can be improved.
- the separation performance of the separation membrane structure 10 can be improved.
- the lower limit of the Si / Al atomic ratio of the low silica zeolite is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 or more from the viewpoint of film formability.
- the Si / Al atomic ratio of the low silica zeolite in the second separation membrane 40 can be adjusted by controlling the composition of the raw material solution during hydrothermal synthesis, as will be described later.
- the Si / Al atomic ratio of the low silica zeolite in the second separation membrane 40 can be measured by SEM-EDX.
- At least one composite building unit of low silica zeolite contained in the second separation membrane 40 is common to the composite building unit of high silica zeolite contained in the first separation membrane 30.
- the composite building unit of zeolite is a single unit structure constituting the framework structure of zeolite.
- the composite building unit is all in common, so that preferable.
- IZA International Zeolite Association
- the second separation membrane 40 is formed in a film shape.
- the separation performance of the separation membrane structure 10 can be further improved as compared with the case where zeolite particles are fixed on the surface 30S of the first separation membrane 30. .
- the second separation membrane 40 is in the form of a film is confirmed by observing the cross section of the membrane with a STEM (scanning transmission electron microscope), so that the second separation membrane 40 is distributed in a band shape along the surface direction. it can.
- that the second separation membrane 40 is in the form of a film means that 80% or more of the surface 30S of the first separation membrane 30 is covered. It is particularly preferable that the second separation membrane 40 covers 90% or more of the surface 30S of the first separation membrane 30.
- the thickness of the second separation membrane 40 is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0.1 ⁇ m to 3.0 ⁇ m.
- the second separation membrane 40 is made thin, the amount of permeation tends to increase, and when the second separation membrane 40 is made thick, the selectivity and membrane strength tend to be improved.
- the thickness of the second separation membrane 40 is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, the selectivity may be reduced, and when it is 3.0 ⁇ m or more, cracks may be generated in the second separation membrane and the selectivity may be reduced.
- the second separation membrane 40 has pores.
- the average pore diameter of the second separation membrane 40 is not particularly limited and can be adjusted according to the separation target.
- the pore diameter is a value derived from the framework structure and composition.
- the average pore diameter is an arithmetic average of the major axis and the minor axis of the largest pore among the pore structures having an oxygen 8-membered ring or more present in the skeleton structure.
- the average pore diameter can be, for example, 0.2 nm to 2.0 nm.
- the average pore diameter can be adjusted by the raw material particle diameter, the heating temperature, and the like.
- the average pore diameter can be measured with a nano palm porometer.
- the average pore diameter can be set to 0.2 nm to 5.0 nm, for example.
- the raw material of the porous support 20 is formed into a desired shape using an extrusion molding method, a press molding method, a cast molding method, or the like.
- the molded body of the porous support 20 is fired (for example, 900 ° C. to 1450 ° C.), and both ends are sealed with glass to form the porous support 20.
- the first separation membrane 30 mainly composed of high silica zeolite is formed on the surface 20S of the porous support 20.
- a well-known method such as a hydrothermal synthesis method can be used according to the framework structure of the zeolite membrane.
- a zeolite seed crystal may be used or may not be used.
- the Si / Al atomic ratio of the high silica zeolite contained in the first separation membrane 30 is adjusted to 200 or more by blending the raw material solution (including Si element source, Al element source, organic template, and water) used for hydrothermal synthesis. be able to.
- the organic template in the high silica zeolite may be burned and removed after the first separation membrane 30 is formed, or may be burned and removed after the second separation membrane 40 is formed. Even if a defect occurs due to the removal of the organic template of the high silica zeolite, it can be covered with the second separation membrane 40. Therefore, it is more preferable that the organic template of the high silica zeolite is removed by combustion after the formation of the first separation membrane 30.
- the second separation membrane 40 is formed in a film shape on the surface 30S of the first separation membrane 30.
- a known method suitable for the type of the second separation membrane 40 can be used.
- a known method such as a hydrothermal synthesis method can be used according to the framework structure of the zeolite membrane.
- a zeolite seed crystal may or may not be used.
- a low silica zeolite into which a desired cation has been introduced can be obtained.
- the time and number of ion exchanges and the concentration and temperature of the solution containing cations can be set as appropriate. Since low silica zeolite has an ion exchange site, cations are selectively introduced into the second separation membrane.
- the Si / Al atomic ratio of the low silica zeolite contained in the second separation membrane 40 can be adjusted to 60 or less depending on the composition ratio of the reaction mixture used for hydrothermal synthesis.
- the nitrogen gas permeation rate of the low silica zeolite before combustion removal of the organic template is 0.75 nmol / (m 2 ⁇ s ⁇ Pa) or less.
- the permeation rate is preferably 0.75 nmol / (m 2 ⁇ s ⁇ Pa) or less.
- a nitrogen gas permeation rate of 0.75 nmol / (m 2 ⁇ s ⁇ Pa) or less means that the low silica zeolite is formed into a film.
- a monolith-type alumina base compact was formed by extruding the prepared porous material. Subsequently, the alumina base material was fired (1250 ° C., 1 hour) to form an alumina base material. Next, PVA (organic binder) was added to alumina to prepare a slurry, and a molded body having a surface layer was formed on the inner surface of the cell of the alumina base material by a filtration method using the slurry. Subsequently, the compact of the surface layer was fired (1250 ° C., 1 hour), and then both ends of the alumina base material were sealed with glass to produce a monolith type alumina support.
- PVA organic binder
- a high silica MFI type zeolite membrane was formed as a first separation membrane on the cell inner surface of the alumina support. Specifically, first, a seeding slurry prepared by diluting an MFI-type zeolite seed crystal (Si / Al ratio ⁇ 200) with ethanol to a concentration of 0.1% by mass is placed in the cell of the alumina support. Poured. Next, the inside of the cell was dried by ventilation under predetermined conditions (room temperature, wind speed 5 m / s, 10 minutes).
- a sol for film formation was prepared by adding 6.75 g of silica sol (trade name: Snowtex S, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd.) and stirring with a magnetic stirrer (room temperature, 30 minutes).
- the obtained film-forming sol was placed in a fluororesin inner cylinder (with an internal volume of 300 ml) of a stainless pressure vessel, and then the alumina support to which the MFI type zeolite seed crystal was attached was immersed and dried with hot air at 160 ° C.
- a high silica MFI type zeolite membrane was formed by reacting in the machine for 20 hours.
- the alumina support was washed and dried at 80 ° C. for 12 hours or more.
- the alumina support was heated to 500 ° C. in an electric furnace and held for 4 hours to remove tetrapropylammonium from the high silica MFI type zeolite membrane.
- An SEM (scanning electron microscope) image of the surface of the high silica MFI type zeolite membrane of sample No. 1 is shown in FIG.
- a low silica MFI type zeolite membrane was formed as a second separation membrane on the surface of the high silica MFI type zeolite membrane.
- SACHEM 40% by mass tetrapropylammonium hydroxide solution
- 4.97 g of tetrapropylammonium bromide manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries
- 26.3 g of sodium hydroxide manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich
- 0.54 g of aluminum sulfate manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- 147.1 g of distilled water and 14.8 g of about 30% by mass silica sol (trade name: Snowtex S, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd.) are added to the magnetic stirrer.
- the film forming sol was prepared by stirring at room temperature (room temperature, 30 minutes).
- the obtained film-forming sol is placed in a fluororesin inner cylinder (with an internal volume of 300 ml) of a stainless pressure vessel, and then an alumina support on which a high silica MFI type zeolite film is formed is immersed, and a hot air dryer at 160 ° C.
- a low silica MFI type zeolite membrane was formed by reacting for 10 hours.
- the alumina support was washed and dried at 80 ° C. for 12 hours or more.
- the alumina support was heated to 500 ° C.
- sample no. The same alumina support as 1 was prepared.
- sample No. 1 as the first separation membrane is formed on the inner cell surface of the alumina support.
- a high silica MFI type zeolite membrane similar to 1 was formed.
- Sample No. In No. 3 the reaction time was adjusted and sample no.
- the film thickness was made thicker than 1.
- sample No. 2 was used as a second separation membrane on the surface of the high silica MFI type zeolite membrane.
- the same low silica MFI type zeolite membrane as in No. 1 was formed.
- sample no. In 3 to 8 the composition ratio of the film-forming sol was adjusted to change the Si / Al atomic ratio.
- sample no. The same alumina support as 1 was prepared.
- sample No. 1 as the first separation membrane is formed on the inner cell surface of the alumina support.
- the same high silica MFI type zeolite membrane as 1 was formed.
- sample No. 2 was used as a second separation membrane on the surface of the high silica MFI type zeolite membrane.
- the same low silica MFI type zeolite membrane as No. 3 was formed.
- sample No. 1 as the first separation membrane is formed on the inner cell surface of the alumina support.
- a high silica MFI type zeolite membrane similar to 1 was formed.
- Sample No. 10 the concentration of the sol for film formation and the reaction time were adjusted, and sample No. The film thickness was made thinner than 1.
- a low silica BEA type zeolite membrane was formed as a second separation membrane on the surface of the high silica MFI type zeolite membrane.
- tetraethylammonium hydroxide manufactured by Sigma Aldrich
- 1.6 g of sodium aluminate 143.1 g of distilled water
- silica sol trade name: Snowtex S, 31.0 g (Nissan Chemical) was added and stirred with a magnetic stirrer (room temperature, 90 minutes) to prepare a sol for film formation.
- the obtained film-forming sol was placed in a fluororesin inner cylinder (internal volume 300 ml) of a stainless pressure vessel, and then the alumina support on which the high-silica MFI type zeolite film was formed was immersed, and a hot air dryer at 140 ° C.
- a low silica BEA type zeolite membrane was formed by reacting for 10 hours.
- the alumina support was washed and dried at 80 ° C. for 12 hours or more.
- the tetraethylammonium was removed from the low silica BEA type zeolite membrane by raising the alumina support to 500 ° C. in an electric furnace and holding it for 4 hours.
- sample no. The same alumina support as 1 was prepared.
- sample No. 1 as the first separation membrane is formed on the inner cell surface of the alumina support.
- the same high silica MFI type zeolite membrane as 1 was formed.
- sample No. 2 was used as a second separation membrane on the surface of the high silica MFI type zeolite membrane.
- the same low silica BEA type zeolite membrane as in No. 10 was formed.
- Sample No. In No. 11, the composition ratio of the film-forming sol was adjusted so that the sample No. The Si / Al atomic ratio was made larger than 10.
- sample no. The same alumina support as 1 was prepared.
- a high silica BEA type zeolite membrane was formed as a first separation membrane on the cell inner surface of the alumina support.
- 85.1 g of 35% by mass tetraethylammonium solution, 33.9 g of distilled water, and 81.0 g of about 30% by mass silica sol (trade name: Snowtex S, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd.) were added.
- a sol for film formation was prepared by stirring (room temperature, 90 minutes). By putting the obtained film-forming sol in a fluororesin inner cylinder (internal volume 300 ml) in a stainless steel pressure vessel, the alumina support is immersed and reacted in a hot air dryer at 140 ° C. for 24 hours.
- a high silica BEA type zeolite membrane was formed.
- the alumina support was washed and dried at 80 ° C. for 12 hours or more.
- the temperature of the alumina support was raised to 500 ° C. in an electric furnace and maintained for 4 hours, thereby removing tetraethylammonium from the high silica BEA type zeolite membrane.
- sample No. 2 was used as the second separation membrane on the surface of the high silica BEA type zeolite membrane.
- the same low silica BEA type zeolite membrane as in No. 10 was formed.
- sample no. In the same manner as in Example 10, Ag was introduced as a cation into the low silica BEA type zeolite membrane. (Preparation of sample No. 13) First, sample no. The same alumina support as 1 was prepared.
- sample No. 1 as the first separation membrane is formed on the inner cell surface of the alumina support.
- the same high silica MFI type zeolite membrane as 1 was formed.
- a low silica MFI-containing silica membrane was formed as the second separation membrane on the surface of the high silica MFI type zeolite membrane.
- a silica sol solution prepared by hydrolyzing tetraethoxysilane in ethanol
- the coating solution was applied to the surface of the high silica MFI type zeolite membrane and dried, and then air-baked at 400 ° C. for 1 hour. Coating and baking of the coating liquid were repeated until the thickness of the second separation membrane reached 1 ⁇ m.
- sample no. The same alumina support as 1 was prepared.
- sample No. 1 as the first separation membrane is formed on the inner cell surface of the alumina support.
- the same high silica MFI type zeolite membrane as No. 13 was formed.
- sample No. 2 was used as a second separation membrane on the surface of the high silica MFI type zeolite membrane.
- a low-silica MFI-containing silica film similar to 13 was formed.
- sample no. The same alumina support as 1 was prepared.
- sample No. 1 as the first separation membrane is formed on the inner cell surface of the alumina support.
- the same high silica MFI type zeolite membrane as 1 was formed.
- an organic silica membrane was formed as a second separation membrane on the surface of the high silica MFI type zeolite membrane. Specifically, 24.0 g of 25% aqueous solution of carboxyethylsilanetriol sodium salt, 72.9 g of distilled water, and 3.0 g of 60% nitric acid are added and stirred by a magnetic stirrer (60 ° C., 6 hours). Liquid. The coating solution was applied to the surface of the high silica MFI type zeolite membrane and dried, and then air-baked at 150 ° C. for 2 hours.
- sample no. The same alumina support as 1 was prepared.
- a high silica DDR type zeolite membrane was formed as a first separation membrane on the cell inner surface of the alumina support. Specifically, first, a seed slurry liquid prepared by diluting a DDR type zeolite seed crystal (Si / Al ratio ⁇ 200) with ethanol to a concentration of 0.1% by mass is placed in the cell of the alumina support. Poured. Next, the inside of the cell was dried by ventilation under predetermined conditions (room temperature, wind speed 5 m / s, 10 minutes).
- a sol for film formation is placed and heat treatment (hydrothermal synthesis) : 130 ° C., 10 hours) to form a high silica DDR type zeolite membrane.
- the alumina support was washed and dried at 80 ° C. for 12 hours or more.
- the alumina support was heated to 450 ° C. in an electric furnace and held for 50 hours to burn and remove 1-adamantanamine of the high silica DDR type zeolite membrane.
- a low silica DDR type zeolite membrane was formed as a second separation membrane on the surface of the high silica DDR type zeolite membrane.
- 152.4 g of distilled water was put in a fluoric resin wide-mouth bottle, and then 1.32 g of 1-adamantanamine (manufactured by Aldrich), 0.35 g of sodium hydroxide (manufactured by Sigma Aldrich), and 30 weight.
- a film-forming sol was prepared by adding 52.6 g of% silica sol (trade name: Snowtex S, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 0.36 g of sodium aluminate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and stirring.
- the prepared raw material solution is placed and subjected to heat treatment (hydrothermal synthesis: 160 ° C. for 10 hours) to form a low silica DDR type zeolite membrane.
- the alumina support was washed and dried at 80 ° C. for 12 hours or more.
- the alumina support was heated to 450 ° C. in an electric furnace and held for 50 hours to burn and remove 1-adamantanamine of the low silica DDR type zeolite membrane.
- sample No. 1 as the first separation membrane is formed on the inner cell surface of the alumina support.
- the same high silica DDR type zeolite membrane as No. 16 was formed.
- sample No. 16 On the surface of the high silica DDR type zeolite membrane, sample No. The same low silica DDR type zeolite membrane as No. 16 was formed.
- sample No. 1 as the first separation membrane is formed on the inner cell surface of the alumina support.
- the same high silica DDR type zeolite membrane as No. 16 was formed.
- sample No. 16 On the surface of the high silica DDR type zeolite membrane, sample No. The same low silica DDR type zeolite membrane as No. 16 was formed.
- the liquid for ion exchange prepared by adding calcium chloride (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) to water to be 0.1 mol / L is held for 24 hours in a state of being in contact with the low silica DDR type zeolite membrane.
- Ca was introduced as a cation into the low silica DDR type zeolite membrane.
- the low silica DDR type zeolite membrane was rinsed with water and dried (70 ° C., 12 hours).
- sample no. The same alumina support as 1 was prepared.
- sample No. 1 as the first separation membrane is formed on the inner cell surface of the alumina support.
- the same high silica DDR type zeolite membrane as No. 16 was formed.
- sample No. 16 On the surface of the high silica DDR type zeolite membrane, sample No. The same low silica DDR type zeolite membrane as No. 16 was formed.
- sample No. 1 as the first separation membrane is formed on the inner cell surface of the alumina support.
- a high silica DDR type zeolite membrane similar to 16 was formed.
- Sample No. In No. 20 the concentration of the sol for film formation and the reaction time are adjusted, and sample No. The film thickness was made thicker than 16.
- sample No. The same low silica DDR type zeolite membrane as that of No. 16 was formed. Sample No. In No. 20, the composition ratio of the film-forming sol was adjusted, and sample no. The Si / Al atomic ratio was made larger than 16.
- sample No. 1 as the first separation membrane is formed on the inner cell surface of the alumina support.
- the same high silica MFI type zeolite membrane as No. 10 was formed.
- Sample No. As a second separation membrane on the surface of the high silica MFI type zeolite membrane, Sample No. The same low silica DDR type zeolite membrane as that of No. 16 was formed. Sample No. 21, the concentration of the sol for film formation and the reaction time were adjusted, and sample No. The film thickness was made thicker than 16. Next, sample no. Similarly to 16, Li was introduced as a cation into the low silica DDR type zeolite membrane.
- sample no. The same alumina support as 1 was prepared.
- sample No. 1 as the first separation membrane is formed on the inner cell surface of the alumina support.
- the same high silica MFI type zeolite membrane as No. 21 was formed.
- sample No. 2 was used as a second separation membrane on the surface of the high silica MFI type zeolite membrane.
- the same low silica DDR type zeolite membrane as 20 was formed.
- the obtained film-forming sol was placed in a fluororesin inner cylinder (internal volume 300 ml) of a stainless pressure vessel, and then the alumina support to which the zeolite seed crystals were attached was immersed in a 160 ° C. hot air dryer. For 32 hours to form a low silica MFI type zeolite membrane. Next, the alumina support was washed and dried at 80 ° C. for 12 hours or more. Next, the alumina support was heated to 500 ° C. in an electric furnace and held for 4 hours to remove tetrapropylammonium from the low silica MFI type zeolite membrane.
- sample no was introduced as a cation into the low silica MFI type zeolite membrane.
- sample no. The same alumina support as 1 was prepared.
- the prepared raw material solution is placed and subjected to heat treatment (hydrothermal synthesis). : 160 ° C., 48 hours), a low silica DDR type zeolite membrane was formed.
- the alumina support was washed and dried at 80 ° C. for 12 hours or more.
- the alumina support was heated to 450 ° C. in an electric furnace and held for 50 hours to burn and remove 1-adamantanamine of the low silica DDR type zeolite membrane.
- sample no. As in 16 Li was introduced as a cation into the low silica DDR type zeolite membrane.
- sample no. The same alumina support as 1 was prepared.
- sample No. 1 as the first separation membrane is formed on the inner cell surface of the alumina support.
- the same low silica DDR type zeolite membrane as 24 was formed.
- sample no As in Example 20, Ag was introduced as a cation into the low silica DDR type zeolite membrane.
- sample no. The same alumina support as 1 was prepared.
- sample No. 1 as the first separation membrane is formed on the inner cell surface of the alumina support.
- the same high silica MFI type zeolite membrane as No. 10 was formed.
- low silica LTA type zeolite was fixed on the surface of the high silica MFI type zeolite membrane according to the method described in JP-A-2005-289735. Specifically, first, 0.72 g of sodium hydroxide (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries) was completely dissolved in 80 g of distilled water to obtain a liquid A. Next, 8.26 g of sodium aluminate (manufactured by Nacalai Task) was added to half the amount of solution A and completely dissolved to obtain solution B. Next, sodium silicate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added to the remaining half of the liquid A and completely dissolved to obtain a liquid C.
- sodium hydroxide manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries
- sodium silicate manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- Solution C was added to solution B and a cloudy solution was obtained as a raw material solution.
- the raw material solution was dip coated, transferred to a steam oven (BL-400, manufactured by Densoku Co., Ltd.), and steam-treated (90 ° C., 20 minutes) to form a low silica LTA-type zeolite.
- the low silica LTA type zeolite did not cover the surface of the high silica MFI type zeolite membrane by 80% or more and was not formed into a film shape.
- sample no. The same alumina support as 1 was prepared.
- sample No. 1 as the first separation membrane is formed on the inner cell surface of the alumina support.
- the same high silica MFI type zeolite membrane as 1 was formed.
- sample no. In the same manner as in No. 26, Ag was introduced as a cation into the low silica LTA type zeolite.
- sample No. 10 On the inner surface of the alumina support cell, sample No. The same high silica MFI type zeolite membrane as No. 10 was formed.
- sample no without forming the second separation membrane, sample no.
- the Ag ion exchange solution prepared in the same manner as in No. 1 was kept in contact with the high silica MFI type zeolite membrane for 24 hours. Thereafter, the high silica MFI type zeolite membrane was rinsed with water and dried (70 ° C., 12 hours). However, Ag was not introduced into the first separation membrane because the high silica MFI-type zeolite does not have an ion exchange site.
- sample No. 29 First, sample no. The same alumina support as 1 was prepared.
- sample No. 1 as the first separation membrane is formed on the inner cell surface of the alumina support.
- the same high silica MFI type zeolite membrane as 1 was formed.
- sample no without forming the second separation membrane, sample no.
- the Ag ion exchange solution prepared in the same manner as in No. 1 was kept in contact with the high silica MFI type zeolite membrane for 24 hours. Thereafter, the high silica MFI type zeolite membrane was rinsed with water and dried (70 ° C., 12 hours). However, Ag was not introduced into the first separation membrane because the high silica MFI-type zeolite does not have an ion exchange site.
- sample no. The same alumina support as 1 was prepared.
- sample No. 1 as the first separation membrane is formed on the inner cell surface of the alumina support.
- the same high silica MFI type zeolite membrane as No. 10 was formed.
- a high silica DDR type zeolite membrane was formed as a second separation membrane on the surface of the high silica MFI type zeolite membrane. Specifically, first, a seed slurry liquid prepared by diluting a DDR type zeolite seed crystal (Si / Al ratio ⁇ 200) with ethanol to a concentration of 0.1% by mass is placed in the cell of the alumina support. Poured. Next, the inside of the cell was dried by ventilation under predetermined conditions (room temperature, wind speed 5 m / s, 10 minutes).
- the prepared raw material solution is placed and subjected to heat treatment (hydrothermal synthesis: 160 ° C., 20 hours) to form a high silica DDR type zeolite membrane.
- the alumina support was washed and dried at 80 ° C. for 12 hours or more.
- the alumina support was heated to 450 ° C. in an electric furnace and held for 50 hours to burn and remove 1-adamantanamine of the high silica DDR type zeolite membrane.
- the Ag ion exchange solution prepared in the same manner as in No.
- sample no. The same alumina support as 1 was prepared.
- sample No. 1 as the first separation membrane is formed on the inner cell surface of the alumina support.
- the same high silica MFI type zeolite membrane as 1 was formed.
- sample No. 2 was used as a second separation membrane on the surface of the high silica MFI type zeolite membrane.
- the same high silica DDR type zeolite membrane as 30 was formed.
- sample no without forming the second separation membrane, sample no.
- the Ag ion exchange solution prepared in the same manner as in No. 1 was kept in contact with the high silica DDR type zeolite membrane for 24 hours. Thereafter, the high silica DDR type zeolite membrane was rinsed with water and dried (70 ° C., 12 hours). However, Ag was not introduced into the second separation membrane because the high silica DDR type zeolite did not have an ion exchange site.
- FIG. 4 shows a HAADF (high angle scattering annular dark field) image when the cross section of the separation membrane of sample No. 1 is observed with a STEM.
- sample No. 1 in which a second separation membrane containing cations was formed on a first separation membrane containing high silica zeolite. For 1 to 22, sufficient separation performance and permeation amount were obtained. This is because both the first separation membrane and the second separation membrane function as separation membranes, and the permeable components can be adsorbed by the cations of the second separation membrane.
- Sample No. 1 and sample no. As can be seen from a comparison of Sample No. 13, when the second separation membrane contains low silica zeolite, Sample No. 2 in which the second separation membrane is composed of low silica zeolite. No. 1 improved the separation performance. This is presumably because the entire second separation membrane is made of zeolite so that it can be more effectively separated with a uniform pore diameter of the zeolite.
- Sample No. 16 and sample no. As can be seen from a comparison of Sample No. 21, when both the first separation membrane and the second separation membrane are zeolite membranes, Sample No. having a common composite building unit exists. No. 16 improved the separation performance.
- Sample No. 5 and sample no. As can be seen from a comparison of Sample No. 11, Sample No. 1 and No. 2 are composed of zeolite having the same skeleton structure. No. 5 improved the separation performance.
- separation membrane structure 20 porous support 30 first separation membrane 40 second separation membrane
Abstract
Description
図1は、分離膜構造体10の断面図である。分離膜構造体10は、多孔質支持体20と第1分離膜30と第2分離膜40とを備える。
分離膜構造体10の製造方法について説明する。
以下のようにして、サンプルNo.1に係る分離膜構造体を作製した。
まず、サンプルNo.1と同じアルミナ支持体を作製した。
まず、サンプルNo.1と同じアルミナ支持体を作製した。
(サンプルNo.10の作製)
まず、サンプルNo.1と同じアルミナ支持体を作製した。
まず、サンプルNo.1と同じアルミナ支持体を作製した。
まず、サンプルNo.1と同じアルミナ支持体を作製した。
(サンプルNo.13の作製)
まず、サンプルNo.1と同じアルミナ支持体を作製した。
まず、サンプルNo.1と同じアルミナ支持体を作製した。
まず、サンプルNo.1と同じアルミナ支持体を作製した。
まず、サンプルNo.1と同じアルミナ支持体を作製した。
(サンプルNo.17の作製)
まず、サンプルNo.1と同じアルミナ支持体を作製した。
(サンプルNo.18の作製)
まず、サンプルNo.1と同じアルミナ支持体を作製した。
(サンプルNo.19の作製)
まず、サンプルNo.1と同じアルミナ支持体を作製した。
(サンプルNo.20の作製)
まず、サンプルNo.1と同じアルミナ支持体を作製した。
まず、サンプルNo.1と同じアルミナ支持体を作製した。
次に、サンプルNo.16と同様に、ローシリカDDR型ゼオライト膜に陽イオンとしてLiを導入した。
まず、サンプルNo.1と同じアルミナ支持体を作製した。
まず、サンプルNo.1と同じアルミナ支持体を作製した。
まず、サンプルNo.1と同じアルミナ支持体を作製した。
まず、サンプルNo.1と同じアルミナ支持体を作製した。
まず、サンプルNo.1と同じアルミナ支持体を作製した。
まず、サンプルNo.1と同じアルミナ支持体を作製した。
まず、サンプルNo.1と同じアルミナ支持体を作製した。
まず、サンプルNo.1と同じアルミナ支持体を作製した。
まず、サンプルNo.1と同じアルミナ支持体を作製した。
次に、サンプルNo.1と同様に調製したAgイオン交換用液をハイシリカDDR型ゼオライト膜に接触させた状態で24時間保持した。その後、ハイシリカDDR型ゼオライト膜を水ですすいで乾燥(70℃、12時間)させた。ただし、ハイシリカDDR型ゼオライトはイオン交換サイトを有していないため、Agは第2分離膜に導入されなかった。
まず、サンプルNo.1と同じアルミナ支持体を作製した。
サンプルNo.1~22,30,31の第1分離膜と第2分離膜の断面を機械研磨した後に、Arイオンミリング(GATAN製 Dual Mill 600型)による研磨を実施し、STEM(JEOL製 JEM2100F 加速電圧:200kV STEMビーム径:約0.7nmφ)にて観察を行った。その結果、これらのサンプルでは、膜状に形成された第2分離膜が確認できた。サンプルNo.1の分離膜の断面をSTEMで観察した際のHAADF(高角散乱環状暗視野)像を図4に示す。
サンプルNo.1~15,20,22,23,25~29,31について、エチレン/エタンの分離係数αとエチレンの透過性能を以下のように測定した。まず、エチレン(C2H4)とエタン(C2H6)の25℃の混合ガス(各ガスの体積比=50:50)を0.4MPaでセル内に導入し、第1分離膜と第2分離膜を透過したガスの流量をマスフローメーターにて測定した。また、ガスクロマトグラフを用いて回収したガスの成分分析を行い、エチレン/エタンの透過速度比から分離係数αを算出した。なお、透過速度とは、単位圧力差・単位膜面積・単位時間あたりに第1分離膜と第2分離膜を透過したガスの流量であり、[mol/(m2・s・Pa)]という単位で表される。
20 多孔質支持体
30 第1分離膜
40 第2分離膜
Claims (8)
- 多孔質支持体と、
前記多孔質支持体上に形成され、Si/Al原子比が200以上のハイシリカゼオライトを含有する第1分離膜と、
前記第1分離膜上に形成され、陽イオンを含有する第2分離膜と、
を備える分離膜構造体。 - 前記陽イオンは、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、Au、Ag、Cu、Ni、Co、Pd及びPtから選ばれる少なくとも1種類以上の陽イオンである、
請求項1に記載の分離膜構造体。 - 前記第2分離膜の厚みは、0.1μm以上3.0μm以下である、
請求項1又は2に記載の分離膜構造体。 - 前記第2分離膜は、前記第1分離膜が含有するハイシリカゼオライトよりもSi/Al原子比が小さいローシリカゼオライトを含有する、
請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の分離膜構造体。 - 前記第2分離膜は、Si/Al原子比が60以下のローシリカゼオライトを含有する、
請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の分離膜構造体。 - 前記第1分離膜が含有するハイシリカゼオライトは、MFI、DDR、MEL、BEA、CHAのいずれかの骨格構造を有するゼオライトである、
請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の分離膜構造体。 - 前記第1分離膜が含有するハイシリカゼオライトのコンポジットビルディングユニットは、前記第2分離膜が含有するローシリカゼオライトのコンポジットビルディングユニットの少なくとも1つと共通する、
請求項4又は5に記載の分離膜構造体。 - 前記第1分離膜が含有するハイシリカゼオライトの骨格構造は、前記第2分離膜が含有するローシリカゼオライトの骨格構造と同じである、
請求項4乃至7のいずれかに記載の分離膜構造体。
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KR102509811B1 (ko) * | 2020-11-24 | 2023-03-14 | 고려대학교 산학협력단 | 가스흡착부 및 보강부를 포함하는 탄화수소 흡탈착 복합체 및 이의 제조방법 |
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