Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
  • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
  • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
  • B01D39/2003—Glass or glassy material
  • B01D39/2017—Glass or glassy material the material being filamentary or fibrous
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
  • B01D39/08—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material
  • B01D39/086—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material of inorganic material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
  • B01J23/20—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum
  • B01J23/22—Vanadium
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
  • B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
  • B01J23/28—Molybdenum
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
  • B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
  • B01J23/30—Tungsten
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
  • B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
  • B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
  • B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
  • B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
  • B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
  • B01J23/64—Platinum group metals with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
  • B01J23/648—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum or polonium
  • B01J23/6482—Vanadium
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
  • B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
  • B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
  • B01J23/64—Platinum group metals with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
  • B01J23/652—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
  • B01J23/6525—Molybdenum
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
  • B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
  • B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
  • B01J23/64—Platinum group metals with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
  • B01J23/652—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
  • B01J23/6527—Tungsten
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
  • B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
  • B01J35/58—Fabrics or filaments
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
  • B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
  • B01J37/0027—Powdering
  • B01J37/0036—Grinding
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
  • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
  • B01J37/0201—Impregnation
  • B01J37/0213—Preparation of the impregnating solution
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
  • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
  • B01J37/0215—Coating
  • B01J37/0219—Coating the coating containing organic compounds
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
  • B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
  • B01D2239/0464—Impregnants
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
  • B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
  • B01D2239/0471—Surface coating material
  • B01D2239/0492—Surface coating material on fibres
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
  • B01D39/08—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
  • B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
  • B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
  • B01J23/64—Platinum group metals with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
  • B01J23/652—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the preparation of a catalyzed fabric filter and a catalyzed fabric filter prepared using this method.
• Fabric filters are typically employed in the removal of particulate materials from flue gases emerging from industrial processes and combustion processes.
• These filters are either produced with woven or non-woven fabric fibrous material providing a porous filtration media for capturing fine particulate matter without resulting in an undesired high pressure drop in the gases passing through the media.
• the filters can be made from various woven, non-woven or felted materials or mixtures thereof
• fibres comprising natural fibres, synthetic fibres, or other fibres such as glass fibres, ceramic or metallic fibres.
• the high particulate removal efficiency of fabric filters is partly due to the dust cake formed on the surfaces of the filter bags and partly due to the filter bag
• the fabric provides a surface on which dust particulates collect. Due to the composition of the fibers constituting the filter, these are typically operated at temperatures lower than 280°C, which causes several requirements and limitations to the methods for applications of catalysts onto the fabric filter material.
• aqueous impregnation liquids are preferred because of environmental and health reasons.
• the catalyst support particles do not form large agglomerates during
• an impregnation liquid As mentioned above, a number of the fiber materials used in the preparation of fabric filters are water repelling and aqueous impregnation liquids typically employed in e.g. catalyzing ceramic surfaces have a limited or no wetting ability to spread readily and uniformly over the surface of the fibres to form a thin and continuous catalyst layer.
• an aqueous impregnation solution comprising an aqueous sol of one or more catalyst metal precursor compounds dispersed on nanoparticles of an oxidic metal carrier hydrosol, a surfactant and a dispersing agent selected from the group of primary amines.
• nanoparticles By the term “nanoparticles” used hereinbefore and in the following description, we understand particles of up to 1000 nanometers in size. A nanoparticle is defined as a small object that behaves as a whole unit with respect to its transport and properties.
• this invention provides a method for preparing a catalyzed fabric filter comprising the steps of
• the thermally activation of the impregnated fabric filter substrate can be performed either before installation of the catalyzed fabric filter substrate or after
• the thermal activation temperature is between 250 and 280°C.
• a preferred fabric filter substrate consists of woven or non-woven glass fibres coated with a polymeric material, in particular polytetrafluoroethylene . This substrate can withstand temperatures of up to 280°C.
• the particle-containing off or flue gases very often contain nitrogen oxides (NOx) , volatile organic compounds (VOC) , SO 2 , CO, Hg, NH 3 , dioxins and furans, in
• the one or more catalyst metal precursor compounds comprise ammonium metavanadate, ammonium metatungstate, ammonium
• tetraammineplatinum ( I I ) hydrogen carbonate or mixtures thereof and the catalytically active form of the catalyst metal precursor compound comprises one or more of
• vanadium oxide vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, palladium and platinum in the oxidic and/or metallic form.
• vanadium oxide-based catalysts supported on titania or alumina are commonly used catalysts for NOx reduction by selective reduction of NOx with NH3 in stationary and automotive applications.
• oxidation catalysts are palladium or platinum in their oxidic and/or metallic form. It is thus further preferred that the one or more
• catalyst precursor metal compound consists of ammonium metavanadate and palladium nitrate and the catalytically active form of the catalyst metal precursor compound consists of vanadium pentoxide and palladium.
• VOC hydrocarbons
• the oxidic metal carrier comprises preferably oxides of titanium, aluminum, cerium, zirconium or mixtures and compounds thereof.
• the oxidic metal carrier consists of nanoparticles of titanium oxide with a particle size of between 10 and 150 nm.
• Catalysts consisting of palladium and vanadium pentoxide supported on titania (Ti0 2 ) are preferred for the
• the Pd/V20s/Ti02 catalyst has i) dual functionality (removal of NOx and removal of VOC, volatile organic compounds) ; ii) a S-tolerance ; and iii) a lower SO 2 oxidation activity compared to other catalyst compositions .
• the primary amine dispersing agent prevents agglomeration or breaks down already formed agglomerates.
• the primary amine is preferably soluble in the aqueous impregnation liquid, when having been added in an amount resulting in the above disclosed purpose.
• Primary amines with fewer than seven carbon atoms are water soluble, preferred primary amines for use in the invention are mono methyl amine, mono ethyl amine, mono propyl amine, mono butyl amine or mixtures thereof. Of these, the most preferred dispersing agent is mono ethyl amine. Good results are obtained when the primary amine
• the prepared catalyzed fabric filter comprises from about 5 to about 8 % by weight of catalytically active material.
• an effective catalyst requires a monolayer coverage of the catalytically active material on the oxidic metal carrier. Formation of excess crystalline catalytically active material on the carrier should be avoided. This is often obtained by thermal dispersion e.g. impregnation of a T1O 2 carrier particles with a vanadium oxalate solution followed by heating to 420 °C.
• V x O y z ⁇ have opposite surface charges in the pH interval of 4 to 6.
• the electrostatic force of attraction facilitates deposition of V x O y z ⁇ onto Ti0 2 .
• V x O y z ⁇ The limited solubility of V x O y z ⁇ is circumvented by the principal of Le Chatelier. As V x O y z ⁇ binds to Ti-OH 2 + sites, new V x O y z ⁇ ions are solubilized. This continuous process occurs at room temperature and requires nothing but stirring and pH regulation.
• the impregnation liquid is prepared by the steps of i) adding the one or more metal compound of a catalyst precursor and the oxidic metal carrier to water and continuously adding an acid to the liquid to maintain the pH of the liquid at a value where the surface charge of the one or more catalyst precursor metal compound is negative and the Zeta potential of the oxidic metal carrier is positive;
• step (iii) adding the dispersing agent to the thus prepared solution in an amount to obtain a pH value above 7 of the thus prepared impregnation liquid; and subsequently iv) if present in the impregnation liquid, adding the salt of palladium and/or platinum to the impregnation liquid as prepared in step (iii) .
• the pH value in step (i)and (ii) is
• the invention provides additionally a catalyzed fabric filter substrate prepared by a method according to anyone of the above disclosed features and embodiments.
• the catalyzed fabric filter substrate is preferably in form of a filter bag.
• the invention is described in more detail in the
• the pH is adjusted with concentrated nitric acid in the interval of 4.0-4.3. 5. After a few hours the pH of the liquid remains constant and the liquid is left under constant stirring for at least 24 hours. However, the pH needs adjustment every 3 hours.
• the resulting liquid has a red color and a yield point (Q ⁇ 2-4 Pa) .
• the liquid becomes ivory white and very fluid (Q ⁇ 1 and ⁇ ⁇ 1 mPas) .
• Teflon® are impregnated with the liquid. These filter bags are extremely hydrophobic and considerable amounts of surfactant are needed for successful impregnation. 7. 1.96 kg Softanol-90 surfactant is added.
• the Pd solution was diluted with 3 kg water to a Pd solution containing 0.54 % by weight Pd.
• An impregnation liquid was then prepared by the same procedure described in Example 1, with the exception that 3 kg less water have been added to the impregnation liquid and the pearl milled slurry contained 20.65 % by weight of Ti0 2 .
• step 2 was added to the impregnation liquid prepared in step 3 after pH adjustments with mono ethylamine.
• the Pd solution was added drop wise by means of a funnel. During addition of the Pd solution, the liquid was continuously stirred.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Catalysts (AREA)
• Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
• Filtering Materials (AREA)

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• 2014
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