TWI655962B - 製備催化織物過濾器之方法及催化織物過濾器 - Google Patents
製備催化織物過濾器之方法及催化織物過濾器 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI655962B TWI655962B TW104104517A TW104104517A TWI655962B TW I655962 B TWI655962 B TW I655962B TW 104104517 A TW104104517 A TW 104104517A TW 104104517 A TW104104517 A TW 104104517A TW I655962 B TWI655962 B TW I655962B
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- Prior art keywords
- fabric filter
- metal
- filter substrate
- catalyst
- aqueous
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][V](=O)=O UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QKCDTYMOGWZDHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanide;platinum(4+) Chemical compound N[Pt](N)(N)N QKCDTYMOGWZDHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- QGAVSDVURUSLQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium heptamolybdate Chemical compound N.N.N.N.N.N.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo] QGAVSDVURUSLQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017840 NH 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910005965 SO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxin Chemical compound O1C=COC=C1 KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910003089 Ti–OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LXASOGUHMSNFCR-UHFFFAOYSA-D [V+5].[V+5].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O Chemical compound [V+5].[V+5].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O LXASOGUHMSNFCR-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000206 health hazard Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007725 thermal activation Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
- B01D39/2003—Glass or glassy material
- B01D39/2017—Glass or glassy material the material being filamentary or fibrous
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- B01D39/08—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material
- B01D39/086—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material of inorganic material
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- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0027—Powdering
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- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
Abstract
本發明提供一種催化織物過濾器基板及一種製備該基板之方法，該方法包含以下步驟：a)提供織物過濾器基板b)提供水性浸漬液體，其包含：分散於氧化金屬載體之奈米粒子上的一或多種催化劑金屬前驅化合物之水性水溶膠；表面活性劑；及分散劑，其選自一級胺之群組；c)用該浸漬液體浸漬該織物過濾器基板；及d)在低於300℃之溫度下乾燥且熱活化該經浸漬之織物過濾器基板以將該催化劑前驅體之該一或多種金屬化合物轉化成其催化活性形式。
Description
本發明係關於催化織物過濾器之製備及使用此方法製備之催化織物過濾器。
織物過濾器通常用於自藉由工業製程及燃燒製程產生的煙道氣移除微粒材料。
此等過濾器係藉由編織或非編織織物纖維材料製作，該材料提供用於捕獲精細微粒物質而不導致通過介質之氣體之非所要高壓降的多孔過濾介質。
尾氣及煙道氣常常含有額外氣體化合物，其造成環境或健康危害。
因此，需要同時減少或移除尾氣及煙道氣中之微粒物質及有害化合物兩種內含物。
出於此目的，藉由在有害化合物轉化成較少危害或無害化合物中為活性之催化劑催化的過濾介質已在工業及汽車應用中用於清潔系統中。
呈(例如)過濾袋形式的織物過濾器廣泛地用於許多行業中以自處理氣體移除微粒物質。該等織物過濾器為最有效類型的可用集塵器中之一者且可達成對於微粒的超過99%之收集效率。過濾器可由包含天然纖維、合成纖維或其他纖維(諸如，玻璃纖維、陶瓷或金屬纖維)的各種
編織、非編織或氈製材料或其混合物製成。
織物過濾器之高微粒移除效率係部分歸因於形成於過濾袋之表面上的濾塵餅且部分歸因於過濾袋組成物及生產品質以及織物過濾器構造自身之品質。織物提供上面收集灰塵微粒之表面。歸因於構成過濾器的纖維之組成物，此等過濾器通常在低於280℃之溫度下操作，其造成對用於將催化劑應用至織物過濾器材料上的方法之若干要求及限制。
在製備類似於織物材料之催化材料中，由於環境及健康原因，水性浸漬液體係較佳的。
為此目的，用於製造織物過濾器的許多纖維由拒水性材料組成，此在採用藉由水性浸漬液體實行之浸漬方法時添加對將催化材料應用至纖維上的額外要求。
當製備催化織物過濾器時，在織物過濾器基板之整個厚度上以提供最佳催化效率的量分散催化材料且藉由塗佈於過濾器基板上的大量催化材料防止形成過度壓降係重要的。除引起操作期間之高壓降外，過濾器基板上之厚催化材料層在藉由移除所捕獲微粒物質再生過濾器期間亦係有問題的，此移除具有催化材料剝落從而導致後續操作循環期間之較低催化效率的風險。
因此，有必要將催化材料以足夠薄以防止織物過濾器之操作及再生期間的過度壓降及催化劑剝離的層應用於織物過濾器壁內之織物纖維上及/或過濾器表面上。
在催化技術中，通常認為有效支撐催化劑需要催化活性材料作為單層覆蓋在催化劑支撐粒子之表面上。藉此，有可能限制織物基板上需要的支撐催化劑之量。
另外，需要催化劑支撐粒子在浸漬液體之製備及儲存期間不形成大的聚結物。
如上文所提及，在製備織物過濾器中使用之數種纖維材料為拒水性的，且通常在(例如)催化陶瓷表面中使用的水性浸漬液體具有有限潤濕或無潤濕能力，從而容易且均勻地散佈於纖維之表面上以形成薄且連續的催化劑層。
因此，本發明的一般目標係提供一種用於藉由用含有符合以上所提及要求之催化活性材料的水性浸漬液體浸漬織物材料來製備催化織物過濾器的方法。
吾人已發現此等要求可藉由採用包含以下各者的水性浸漬溶液而滿足：分散於氧化金屬載體水溶膠之奈米粒子上的一或多種催化劑金屬前驅化合物之水性溶膠；表面活性劑；及分散劑，其選自一級胺之群組。
藉由在上文及以下描述中使用的術語「奈米粒子」，吾人理解大小高達1000奈米之粒子。奈米粒子經定義為就輸送及性質而言表現為一個整體單元的小物件。
依據上述發現，本發明提供一種用於製備催化織物過濾器之方法，其包含以下步驟：a)提供織物過濾器基板b)提供水性浸漬液體，其包含：分散於氧化金屬載體之奈米粒子上的一或多種催化劑金屬前驅化合物之水性水溶膠；分散劑，其包含一或多種一級胺；及表面活性劑；c)用浸漬液體浸漬該織物過濾器基板；及d)在低於300℃的溫度下乾燥且熱活化經浸漬之織物過濾器基板以將催化劑前驅體之一或多種金屬化合物轉化成其催化活性形式。
在下文中揭示且論述本發明的較佳具體實例。此等具體實例
可各自單獨地加以採用或以其組合加以採用。
經浸漬之織物過濾器基板之熱活化可在安裝催化織物過濾器基板之前或在將催化織物過濾器基板安裝於過濾單元中之後執行。
較佳地，熱活化溫度介於250℃與280℃之間。
已發現數個織物過濾器基板具有低熱穩定性，而其他材料使催化材料去活化。
因此，較佳的織物過濾器基板由塗佈有聚合材料(詳言之，聚四氟乙烯)之編織或非編織玻璃纖維組成。此基板可耐受住高達280℃之溫度。
含有粒子之尾氣或煙道氣經常以取決於地方法規而必須減小的濃度含有氮氧化物(NOx)、揮發性有機化合物(VOC)、SO2、CO、Hg、NH3、二氧雜環己烯及呋喃。類似於NOx、VOC、二氧雜環己烯及呋喃之氣體污染物的減少可藉由與催化劑接觸而有效進行。
在本發明的較佳具體實例中，一或多種催化劑金屬前驅化合物包含偏釩酸銨、偏鎢酸銨、四水合七鉬酸銨、硝酸鈀、四氨基鉑(II)碳酸氫或其混合物，且催化劑金屬前驅體化合物之催化活性形式包含氧化釩、氧化鎢、氧化鉬、呈氧化及/或金屬形式的鈀及鉑中之一或多者。
詳言之，支撐於二氧化鈦或氧化鋁上的基於氧化釩之催化劑為在固定及汽車應用中用於藉由用NH3選擇性地還原NOx來還原NOx的常用催化劑。有效氧化催化劑為呈氧化及/或金屬形式之鈀或鉑。
因此，進一步較佳地，一或多種催化劑前驅體金屬化合物由偏釩酸銨及硝酸鈀組成，且催化劑金屬前驅化合物之催化活性形式由五氧化二釩及鈀組成。
此等催化劑在移除烴(VOC)及一氧化碳中及在藉由與NH3之SCR反應移除NOx中皆係活性的。
氧化金屬載體較佳地包含鈦、鋁、鈰、鋯之氧化物或其混合物及化合物。
進一步較佳地，氧化金屬載體由具有介於10nm與150nm之間的粒徑的氧化鈦奈米粒子組成。
由支撐於二氧化鈦(TiO2)上的鈀及五氧化二釩組成的催化劑因以下原因而為較佳的。Pd/V2O5/TiO2催化劑具有i)雙重功能性(移除NOx及移除揮發性有機化合物(VOC))；ii)S耐受性；及iii)與其他催化劑組成物相比較低的SO2氧化活性。
在如下文更詳細地揭示之浸漬液體的製備中，浸漬溶液中的氧化金屬載體水溶膠之一部分在儲存期間膠凝且聚結至比較佳大小大的粒徑。一級胺分散劑防止聚結或分解已形成之聚結物。
一級胺在已以實現上文所揭示之目的之量添加時較佳可溶於水性浸漬液體中。具有少於七個碳原子的一級胺可溶於水，用於本發明中之較佳一級胺為單甲胺、單乙胺、單丙胺、單丁胺或其混合物。在此等一級胺當中，最佳分散劑為單乙胺。
當一級胺分散劑以導致浸漬液體的pH值高於7之量添加至浸漬液體時獲得良好結果。
在本發明之所有上述具體實例中，進一步較佳地，所製備之催化織物過濾器包含約5至約8wt%之催化活性材料。
如上文已提及，有效催化劑需要催化活性材料在氧化金屬載體上之單層覆蓋。應避免在載體上形成過量的結晶催化活性材料。此情形常常藉由將TiO2載體粒子熱分散(例如，浸漬)於乙二酸釩溶液中，其後接著將溶液加熱至420℃而獲得。然而，此方法歸因於溫度限制(T300℃)而不適合於織物過濾器。
當結合一級胺分散劑採用所謂的平衡沈積過濾(EDF)方法
時，在低溫下實行熱活化之後催化活性材料之高度分散係可能的。在此方法中，電性相反的金屬化合物之間的靜電吸引力用於以精細分散形式將一種金屬化合物結合於電性相反之金屬化合物之表面上。
舉例而言，TiO2及VxOy z-在4至6之pH區間中具有相反表面電荷。因此，靜電吸引力促進VxOy z-沈積至TiO2上。藉由勒夏特列(Le Chatelier)原理避過VxOy z-之有限溶解度。當VxOy z-結合至Ti-OH2 +位點時，新的VxOy z-離子被溶解。此連續製程在室溫下發生且僅需要攪拌及pH調節。
因此，在本發明的又一較佳具體實例中，浸漬液體係藉由以下步驟製備：i)將一或多種催化劑前驅體金屬化合物及氧化金屬載體添加至水中且將酸持續添加至液體以將液體之pH維持在導致一或多種催化劑前驅體金屬化合物之表面電荷為負且氧化金屬載體之ζ電位為正的值；ii)將一或多種催化劑前驅體金屬化合物吸附至氧化金屬載體之表面上；iii)以導致獲得由此製備之浸漬液體的高於7的pH值之量將分散劑添加至由此製備之溶液；及隨後iv)若存在於浸漬液體中，則將鈀及/或鉑之鹽添加至如步驟(iii)中所製備之浸漬液體。
較佳地，步驟(i)及(ii)中的pH值維持在4.0與4.3之間。
另外，本發明提供藉由根據上文所揭示之特徵及具體實例中的任一者的方法製備之催化織物過濾器基板。
催化織物過濾器基板較佳呈過濾袋形式。
實施例1
製備含有釩酸銨/二氧化鈦之浸漬液體
1.將37.26kg去礦物質水與3.11kg的NH4VO3混合。
2.在持續攪拌的同時添加29.62kg珍珠磨TiO2漿料(LOI=18wt% TiO2)。NH4VO3/TiO2比為0.58。
3.監視且持續增加pH。
4.藉由濃硝酸將pH調節為處於4.0至4.3之區間中。
5.在數小時之後，液體之pH保持恆定，且在持續攪拌至少24小時後獲得液體。然而，pH需要每3小時調節一次。
所得液體呈紅色且具有屈服點(Q約為2至4帕)。
6.添加1.84kg乙胺(70%水溶液)(或直至pH約為9.2至9.5為止)。
液體變為乳白色且極具流動性(Q<1且μ約為1毫帕)。
用液體浸漬由塗佈有Teflon®之玻璃纖維製成的織物過濾袋。此等過濾袋係極端疏水性的且需要大量表面活性劑達成成功浸漬。
7.添加1.96kg的Softanol-90表面活性劑。
8.藉由將數滴液體添加至過濾袋材料來執行濕潤測試。
若濕潤測試失敗，則必須添加額外的Softanol-90。
實施例2
製備含有鈀/釩酸銨/二氧化鈦之浸漬液體
在此實施例中，藉由下文所描述之步驟根據浸漬液體中之二氧化鈦量將3635wt ppm Pd添加至浸漬液體。鈀可用作含有16.9wt% Pd的Pd(NO3)2水溶液。
1.計算所要Pd量；3635ppm * 4.64*103g/106ppm=16.87g
Pd
可得到16.9wt% Pd溶液且提取16.37g Pd/0.169=99.8g溶液。
2.用3kg水將Pd溶液稀釋為含有0.54wt% Pd的Pd溶液。
3.除已將少於3kg的水添加至浸漬液體及含有20.65wt% TiO2之珍珠磨漿料以外，接著藉由描述於實施例1中的相同程序製備浸漬液體。
4.在用單乙胺進行pH調節之後，將在步驟2中製備的全部量的鈀溶液添加至在步驟3中製備的浸漬液體。借助於漏斗逐滴添加Pd溶液。在添加Pd溶液期間，持續攪拌液體。
5.最後添加Softanol-90表面活性劑且執行濕潤測試。
Claims (18)
- 一種用於製備催化織物過濾器之方法，其包含以下步驟a)提供織物過濾器基板b)提供水性浸漬液體，其包含：分散於氧化金屬載體之奈米粒子上的一或多種催化劑金屬前驅化合物之水性水溶膠；分散劑，其包含一或多種一級胺；及表面活性劑；c)用該浸漬液體浸漬該織物過濾器基板；及d)在低於300℃之溫度下乾燥且熱活化該經浸漬之織物過濾器基板以將該催化劑前驅體之該一或多種金屬化合物轉化成其催化活性形式。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該經浸漬之織物過濾器基板之該熱活化係在將該經浸漬之織物基板安裝於過濾單元中之前或之後執行。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該織物過濾器基板由塗佈有聚合材料之編織或非編織玻璃纖維組成。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之方法，其中該聚合材料由聚四氟乙烯組成。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該一或多種催化劑金屬前驅化合物包含偏釩酸銨、偏鎢酸銨、七鉬酸銨、硝酸鈀、四氨基鉑(II)碳酸氫或其混合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該一或多種催化劑金屬前驅化合物之該催化活性形式包含氧化釩、氧化鎢、氧化鉬、呈氧化及/或金屬形式的鈀及鉑中之一或多者。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之方法，其中該一或多種催化劑金屬前驅化合物之該催化活性形式由五氧化二釩及呈金屬及/或氧化形式之鈀組成。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該氧化金屬載體包含鈦、鋁、鈰、鋯之氧化物或其混合物及化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法，其中該氧化金屬載體由具有介於10nm與150nm之間的粒徑的氧化鈦奈米粒子組成。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該分散劑包含一選自由以下各者組成的群組中之一或多者的一級胺：單甲胺、單乙胺、單丙胺及單丁胺。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之方法，其中該分散劑由單乙胺組成。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該分散劑係以導致該浸漬液體之pH值高於7之量添加至該浸漬液體。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該催化織物基板包含5至8wt%的催化活性材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該水性浸漬液體係藉由以下步驟製備i)將該一或多種催化劑金屬前驅化合物及該氧化金屬載體添加至水且將酸持續添加至該水性浸漬液體以將該水性浸漬液體之該pH維持在導致該一或多種催化劑前驅體金屬化合物之表面電荷為負且該氧化金屬載體之ζ電位為正的值；ii)將該一或多種催化劑金屬前驅體化合物吸附至該氧化金屬載體之表面上；iii)以導致獲得該由此製備之水性浸漬液體的高於7之pH值的量將該分散劑添加至該由此製備之水性浸漬液體；及隨後iv)若鈀及/或鉑存在於該水性浸漬液體中，則將包含鈀及/或鉑之鹽的溶液添加至在步驟(iii)中製備的該水性浸漬液體。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項之方法，其中步驟(i)及(ii)中之該pH值維持在4.0與4.3之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該一或多種催化劑前驅體金屬化 合物為偏釩酸銨及硝酸鈀。
- 一種催化織物過濾器基板，其藉由如申請專利範圍第1項至第16項中任一項之方法製備。
- 如申請專利範圍第17項之催化織物過濾器基板，其中該織物過濾器基板呈過濾袋之形式。
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| WO2019121828A1 (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2019-06-27 | Rhodia Operations | Use of filtration media for purification of nanowires and process for the purification of nanowires |
| WO2019121827A1 (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2019-06-27 | Rhodia Operations | Use of filtration media for purification of nanowires and process for the purification of nanowires |
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| JP7436456B2 (ja) | 2018-08-28 | 2024-02-21 | ユミコア・アクチエンゲゼルシャフト・ウント・コムパニー・コマンディットゲゼルシャフト | 窒素酸化物の選択的触媒還元（ｓｃｒ）で使用するための触媒 |
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| EP3616786A1 (en) | 2018-08-28 | 2020-03-04 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Catalyst for use in the selective catalytic reduction (scr) of nitrogen oxides |
| DE112019005296T5 (de) * | 2018-10-23 | 2021-07-15 | Cummins Filtration Ip, Inc. | Luftfilterbaugruppe mit durchlässigem leitblech |
| CN110804856B (zh) * | 2019-10-21 | 2021-11-16 | 南通大学 | 一种光催化降解活性染料的腈纶织物及其制备方法 |
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| DK201400587A1 (en) | 2016-05-02 |
| JP6364125B2 (ja) | 2018-07-25 |
| MX2017004701A (es) | 2017-08-02 |
| US10183246B2 (en) | 2019-01-22 |
| EP3206776B1 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
| CN106139750A (zh) | 2016-11-23 |
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| ES2713694T3 (es) | 2019-05-23 |
| RU2638662C1 (ru) | 2017-12-15 |
| EP3206776A1 (en) | 2017-08-23 |
| CL2017000911A1 (es) | 2017-11-24 |
| KR20170042371A (ko) | 2017-04-18 |
| WO2016058713A1 (en) | 2016-04-21 |
| KR101805885B1 (ko) | 2017-12-07 |
| BR112017005882B1 (pt) | 2022-02-01 |
| US20180229165A1 (en) | 2018-08-16 |
| CA2961832A1 (en) | 2016-04-21 |
| AR102207A1 (es) | 2017-02-08 |
| CN106139750B (zh) | 2018-12-04 |
| BR112017005882A2 (pt) | 2018-06-26 |
| CA2961832C (en) | 2019-01-15 |
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