WO2016047632A1 - 供給管を備えるポリアリーレンスルフィドの製造装置 - Google Patents
供給管を備えるポリアリーレンスルフィドの製造装置 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G85/00—General processes for preparing compounds provided for in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/2415—Tubular reactors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0053—Details of the reactor
- B01J19/006—Baffles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0053—Details of the reactor
- B01J19/0066—Stirrers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
- B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/02—Polythioethers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/02—Polythioethers
- C08G75/0204—Polyarylenethioethers
- C08G75/0209—Polyarylenethioethers derived from monomers containing one aromatic ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/02—Polythioethers
- C08G75/0204—Polyarylenethioethers
- C08G75/025—Preparatory processes
- C08G75/0263—Preparatory processes using elemental sulfur
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/02—Polythioethers
- C08G75/0204—Polyarylenethioethers
- C08G75/0277—Post-polymerisation treatment
- C08G75/0281—Recovery or purification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/14—Polysulfides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00761—Details of the reactor
- B01J2219/00763—Baffles
- B01J2219/00765—Baffles attached to the reactor wall
- B01J2219/00768—Baffles attached to the reactor wall vertical
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00761—Details of the reactor
- B01J2219/00763—Baffles
- B01J2219/00779—Baffles attached to the stirring means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improvement of a polyarylene sulfide production apparatus including a reaction tank equipped with a supply pipe. More specifically, the present invention relates to an improvement in a polyarylene sulfide production apparatus provided with a supply pipe for introducing a corrosive material such as strong alkali into a reaction vessel.
- PAS Polyarylene sulfides
- PPS polyphenylene sulfide
- a sulfur source and a dihaloaromatic compound such as p-dichlorobenzene (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as “PDCB”) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (hereinafter, “
- PDCB p-dichlorobenzene
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- a method of obtaining a PAS such as PPS by polymerization under heating for example, at a temperature of about 175 to 350 ° C.
- polymerization is carried out using a two-stage polymerization method in which the polymerization reaction is carried out by changing the polymerization temperature and the amount of water present in the polymerization reaction system, and if necessary, using a phase separation agent.
- the method of performing is known (Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4).
- an aqueous mixture containing a sulfur source, a dihaloaromatic compound and a polar organic solvent may be referred to as a substantially cylindrical reaction vessel (“polymerization vessel”, “polymerization can”, “reaction can”) or the like. )
- polymerization vessel polymerization can
- reaction can reaction can
- raw material monomers, solvents polar organic solvent, water, etc.
- solvents polar organic solvent, water, etc.
- the produced PAS polymer is usually taken out from a discharge pipe provided at the bottom of the reaction tank, and a product PAS polymer is obtained through washing and purification.
- a supply pipe provided in the reaction tank and opened to the reaction tank accurately feeds a predetermined amount of raw material monomers and other materials (for example, strong alkali such as alkali metal hydroxide) into the reaction tank. Used for. Therefore, if the raw material monomer and other materials remain in the supply pipe (for example, in the vicinity of the opening at the front end) or remain attached to the inner wall surface of the reaction tank, the composition of the raw material monomer used for the polymerization reaction is reduced. There is a risk that it will not be the prescribed one.
- a supply pipe for supplying a material (for example, various auxiliaries) with a small supply amount to the reaction tank is required to have a function capable of supplying a predetermined amount accurately.
- a polymerization reaction or the like (a dehydration step or the like may be performed as described later) is performed in the reaction vessel.
- the opening end of the supply pipe and the reaction tank connected to the opening end, specifically the upper part ( Alkali metal hydroxide or the like may remain on the inner wall surface of the lid).
- the polymerization reaction or the like in the reaction tank is repeated a number of times, alkali metal hydroxide or the like remaining on the opening end of the supply pipe or the inner wall surface of the reaction tank may be deposited.
- manufacture of PAS having a supply pipe for charging a corrosive material such as strong alkali, strong acid, hydrogen sulfide or the like (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “corrosive material such as strong alkali”) into the reaction vessel.
- corrosive material such as strong alkali
- An object of the present invention is to accurately put a predetermined amount of raw material monomers and other materials into a reaction tank in a PAS manufacturing apparatus having a supply pipe for feeding a corrosive material such as strong alkali into the reaction tank.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a PAS manufacturing apparatus including a supply pipe that does not cause a reduction in production efficiency due to replacement of a supply pipe or repair of a reaction tank due to corrosion of the supply pipe.
- the present inventors have found that the problem can be solved by improving the structure of the supply pipe provided in the reaction tank, and the present invention has been completed.
- a PAS manufacturing apparatus including a reaction tank including one or a plurality of supply pipes, At least one of the supply pipes includes an insert pipe inserted through the supply pipe outer pipe;
- the manufacturing apparatus is provided in which the tip opening of the insert pipe is located inward from the inner wall of the reaction vessel.
- the following production apparatuses (2) to (8) are provided as specific embodiments of the invention.
- (2) At least a part of the tip opening is located above the liquid level of the reaction solution in the reaction vessel, The direction of the tip opening is set so that the flow of the supply liquid supplied from the insert pipe through the tip opening does not face the inner wall of the reaction tank located above the liquid level.
- (3) At least a part of the tip opening is located above the liquid level of the reaction solution in the reaction vessel, A normal line from the inside of the insert pipe to the outside of the insert pipe at each point on the surface formed by the tip opening does not intersect with the inner wall of the reaction vessel located above the liquid surface (1 ) Or (2) manufacturing apparatus.
- the midpoint A is the midpoint of the geometric center of gravity at the upper end and the geometric center of gravity of the lower end of the opening, and the intersection point between the horizontal plane passing through the midpoint A and the vertical central axis of the reaction tank is the intersection point B.
- the visible portion of the tip opening in the direction BA is formed on a plane perpendicular to the direction BA.
- a PAS manufacturing apparatus including a supply pipe for charging a corrosive material such as strong alkali into a reaction tank, a predetermined amount of raw material monomers and other materials are accurately charged into the reaction tank.
- a PAS manufacturing apparatus including a supply pipe that does not cause a reduction in production efficiency due to replacement of the supply pipe or repair of the reaction tank due to corrosion of the supply pipe or the like.
- the manufacturing apparatus of the present invention can be applied to a PAS manufacturing apparatus that performs a polymerization reaction by introducing a corrosive material such as strong alkali into a reaction tank.
- a method for manufacturing PAS will be described using a specific example of a PAS manufacturing apparatus in which a strong alkali is introduced into a reaction vessel to perform a polymerization reaction.
- Sulfur source In the PAS production apparatus of the present invention, examples of the sulfur source used for producing PAS include known compounds used for the production of PAS. For example, alkali metal sulfide, alkali metal hydrosulfide, hydrogen sulfide and the like can be mentioned.
- alkali metal hydrosulfide examples include lithium hydrosulfide, sodium hydrosulfide, potassium hydrosulfide, rubidium hydrosulfide, cesium hydrosulfide, and a mixture of two or more thereof.
- sodium hydrosulfide and lithium hydrosulfide are preferable because they can be obtained industrially at low cost.
- an alkali metal hydroxide is used in combination.
- the alkali metal hydroxide include lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, and a mixture of two or more thereof. All of these are likely to corrode titanium, zirconium, and the like when they are contacted for a long time in a high temperature environment in a high concentration state.
- sodium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide are preferable because they can be obtained industrially at low cost.
- alkali metal sulfide examples include lithium sulfide, sodium sulfide, potassium sulfide, rubidium sulfide, cesium sulfide, and a mixture of two or more thereof.
- the alkali metal sulfide any of an anhydride, a hydrate, and an aqueous solution may be used. Among these, sodium sulfide is preferable because it can be obtained industrially at low cost.
- these alkali metal sulfides in addition to those contained as a by-product in alkali metal hydrosulfides, those generally marketed as hydrates can also be used.
- the alkali metal sulfide a small amount of alkali metal hydrosulfide may be contained.
- a small amount of alkali metal sulfide may be contained in the alkali metal hydrosulfide.
- the total molar amount of the sulfur source comprising the alkali metal sulfide and the alkali metal hydrosulfide is a sulfur source to be used for the polymerization reaction in the polymerization step after the dehydration step to be arranged, if necessary, that is, “charged sulfur” "Source”.
- a mixture of both serves as a charged sulfur source.
- dihaloaromatic compounds examples include known compounds used for the production of PAS.
- dihalobenzenes such as p-dihalobenzene; alkyl-substituted dihalobenzenes such as o-dihalotoluene, p-dihalotoluene, o-dihaloxylene, 1-ethyl-2,5-dihalobenzene; aryl such as 1-phenyl-2,5-dihalobenzene Substituted dihalobenzenes; dihalobiphenyls such as 4,4′-dihalobiphenyl; dihalonaphthalenes such as 1,4-dihalonaphthalene, 1,5-dihalonaphthalene, 2,6-dihalonaphthalene, etc. Can be mentioned.
- P-dichlorobenzene (PDCB) which is p-dihal
- the amount of the dihaloaromatic compound used is usually 0.9 to 1.5 mol, preferably 0.92 to 1.2 mol, relative to 1 mol of the sulfur source.
- the branching agent described later is used, the total number of moles of the dihalogenated aromatic compound and the branching agent is usually 0.9 to 1.5 mol, preferably 0.95 to 1 mol per 1 mol of the sulfur source. 1.2 moles.
- Polar organic solvent Preferred examples of the polar organic solvent used as a solvent for the polymerization reaction to produce PAS include aprotic polar organic solvents such as amide compounds, lactam compounds, urea compounds, organic sulfur compounds, and cyclic organic phosphorus compounds. It is done.
- amide compounds such as N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide
- N-alkylcaprolactam compounds such as N-methyl- ⁇ -caprolactam
- N, N-dialkylimidazolidinone compounds such as 1,3-dialkyl-2-imidazolidinone
- tetras such as tetramethylurea
- Examples include alkylurea compounds; hexaalkylphosphoric triamide compounds such as hexamethylphosphoric triamide.
- the organic sulfur compound include dimethyl sulfoxide and diphenyl sulfone
- examples of the cyclic organic phosphorus compound include 1-methyl-1-oxophosphorane.
- the polar organic solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more, and further mixed with other solvent components that do not hinder the object of the present invention.
- preferred are N-alkylcaprolactam compounds and N-alkylpyrrolidone compounds, and particularly preferred is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP).
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the amount of the polar organic solvent used is usually 0.05 to 10 kg, preferably 0.1 to 1 kg, more preferably 0.2 to 0.8 kg, and still more preferably 0.25 with respect to 1 mol of the sulfur source. It is in the range of ⁇ 0.6 kg.
- Molecular weight regulator, branching / crosslinking agent In order to produce PAS, a known molecular weight regulator or a known branching / crosslinking agent may be used in combination as desired.
- Polymerization aid When the PAS is produced in the PAS production apparatus of the present invention, various polymerization aids can be used as necessary.
- Phase separation agent In the PAS production apparatus of the present invention, when producing PAS, various phase separation agents can be used in order to cause phase separation and obtain granular PAS.
- a phase separation agent is a compound that dissolves in a polar organic solvent by itself or in the presence of a small amount of water and has an action of reducing the solubility of PAS in a polar organic solvent.
- the phase separation agent itself is a compound that is not a solvent for PAS.
- phase separation agent a known compound known to function as a phase separation agent can be used.
- the phase separation agent includes the compound used as the above-mentioned polymerization aid.
- the phase separation agent is a step of performing a polymerization reaction in a phase separation state, that is, as a phase separation agent in the phase separation polymerization step. It means a compound used in a functional ratio that can function, or in a quantitative ratio that is sufficient to cause phase separation in its presence after the end of polymerization.
- phase separation agent examples include organic carboxylic acid metal salts, organic sulfonic acid metal salts, alkali metal halides such as lithium halides, alkaline earth metal halides, alkaline earth metal salts of aromatic carboxylic acids, and alkali phosphates.
- Preferable examples include at least one selected from the group consisting of metal salts, alcohols, paraffinic hydrocarbons, and water.
- organic carboxylic acid metal salts include alkali metal carboxylic acids such as lithium acetate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium propionate, lithium valerate, lithium benzoate, sodium benzoate, sodium phenylacetate, and potassium p-toluate. Salts are preferred.
- phase separation agents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- water that is inexpensive and easy to perform after-treatment, or a combination of water and an organic carboxylic acid metal salt such as an alkali metal carboxylate is particularly preferable.
- phase separation agent other than water can be used in combination as a polymerization aid from the viewpoint of efficiently performing the phase separation polymerization.
- the total amount may be an amount that can cause phase separation.
- the phase separation agent may coexist at least partially from the time when the polymerization reaction component is charged, but the phase separation agent may be added during the polymerization reaction or to form phase separation after the polymerization reaction. It is desirable to adjust to a sufficient amount.
- the method for producing PAS is not particularly limited as long as the gist of the present invention is not impaired.
- a charging step a polymerization step (a two-stage polymerization step comprising a pre-stage polymerization step and a post-stage polymerization step) And a method of further comprising a dehydration step.
- Dehydration process When manufacturing PAS, prior to the preparation process, when using an alkali metal hydrosulfide as a polar organic solvent and a sulfur source, particularly a sulfur source, the mixture containing the alkali metal hydroxide is heated, It is preferable to arrange a dehydration step for discharging at least part of the distillate containing water from the system containing the mixture to the outside of the system.
- the polymerization reaction between the sulfur source and the dihaloaromatic compound is affected by the amount of water present in the polymerization reaction system. Therefore, in general, it is preferable to arrange a dehydration step before the polymerization step to adjust the amount of water in the polymerization reaction system.
- a distillate containing water from the system containing the mixture which is heated within a temperature range of usually 300 ° C. or less, preferably 100 to 250 ° C., usually for 15 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 10 hours. At least a part of (usually including water and a polar organic solvent) is discharged out of the system.
- the water to be dehydrated in the dehydration step is hydrated water contained in each raw material charged in the dehydration step, an aqueous medium of an aqueous mixture, water by-produced by a reaction between the raw materials, and the like.
- the dehydration step may use a reaction vessel for carrying out the preparation step and the polymerization step, or may use another device, but is preferably carried out in the reaction vessel.
- the sulfur source and water react by heating to produce hydrogen sulfide and alkali metal hydroxide, and gaseous hydrogen sulfide is volatilized. Therefore, the amount of the sulfur source in the mixture remaining in the system after the dehydration step is smaller than the amount of the introduced sulfur source.
- the sulfur source in the mixture remaining in the system after the dehydration step is sometimes referred to as “effective sulfur source”.
- the effective sulfur source is the “charged sulfur source” (hereinafter simply referred to as “sulfur source”) in the charging step and the subsequent polymerization step. ”).
- the effective sulfur source after the dehydration step is a mixture containing alkali metal hydrosulfide, alkali metal sulfide and the like, and the specific form thereof is not particularly limited.
- water such as hydrated water, aqueous medium and by-product water is dehydrated until it falls within the required range.
- dehydration is preferably performed until the amount is preferably 0 to 2 mol, more preferably 0.5 to 1.8 mol with respect to 1 mol of the effective sulfur source.
- the method for producing PAS is carried out through the following preparation process after performing a dehydration process if desired.
- the charging step is a step of preparing a charging mixture containing a polar organic solvent, the sulfur source and dihaloaromatic compound, and water, and an alkali metal hydroxide is further added to the components of the mixture as necessary.
- a mixture of these predetermined compositions that is, a charged mixture is prepared.
- the charging to the reaction vessel is generally performed within a temperature range of about 20 ° C. to about 300 ° C., preferably about 20 ° C. to about 200 ° C.
- the content of the dihaloaromatic compound in the charged mixture is usually 0.9 to 1.5 mol, preferably 0.92 to 1.2 mol, more preferably 0.95 to 1. mol per mol of the sulfur source.
- the ratio is 1 mol (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “feeding molar ratio”). If the charged molar ratio of the dihaloaromatic compound to the sulfur source is too large, it will be difficult to produce a high molecular weight PAS. On the other hand, if the charged molar ratio of the dihaloaromatic compound to the sulfur source is too small, a decomposition reaction tends to occur and it becomes difficult to carry out a stable polymerization reaction.
- the charging step when alkali metal hydroxide is added, it is preferable to prepare a charging mixture containing 0.75 to 1.2 mol of alkali metal hydroxide per mol of sulfur source. It is more preferable to contain ⁇ 1.1 mol. Further, in the charging step, it is preferable to prepare a charging mixture containing 0.02 to 2 mol of water per mol of sulfur source, more preferably 0.05 to 1.9 mol, still more preferably 0.5 to Water is added as necessary so as to contain 1.8 mol of water.
- the amount of the polar organic solvent is usually 0.05 to 10 kg, preferably 0.1 to 1 kg, more preferably 0.2 to 0.8 kg per mole of the sulfur source. desirable.
- the method of manufacturing PAS performs a polymerization process following a preparation process.
- the charging mixture prepared in the charging step is usually heated to a temperature of 170 to 290 ° C., preferably 180 to 280 ° C., more preferably 190 to 275 ° C. to initiate the polymerization reaction and allow the polymerization to proceed.
- the polymerization reaction time is generally in the range of 10 minutes to 50 hours, preferably 20 minutes to 30 hours.
- the polymerization reaction is preferably performed in a two-stage process including a pre-stage polymerization process and a post-stage polymerization process. Specifically, the charge mixture is heated to start the polymerization reaction, and the conversion rate of the dihaloaromatic compound is 50% or more.
- Pre-polymerization step to produce a prepolymer of preferably 50 to 99.5%, more preferably 80 to 99.3%, and heating to a temperature of 245 to 290 ° C, more preferably a temperature of 255 to 285 ° C, It is preferable to provide a post-stage polymerization step in which the polymerization reaction is continued in a state where 4 to 20 mol of water is usually present per 1 kg of the polar organic solvent by adding an alkali metal hydroxide if desired.
- the polymerization reaction is preferably performed in the presence of a phase separation agent.
- the dihaloaromatic compound and the sulfur source are polymerized in a polar organic solvent in the presence of the phase separation agent.
- the reaction system may include a polymerization step in which the polymerization reaction is performed in a state where the product polymer rich phase and the product polymer dilute phase are separated.
- the phase separation agent water described above, a compound known to function as a phase separation agent, or the like is preferably used.
- the conversion rate of the dihaloaromatic compound becomes 50% or more.
- a phase separation agent is added so that the phase separation agent is present in the polymerization reaction system, and then the polymerization reaction mixture is heated to the presence of the phase separation agent at a temperature of 245 to 290 ° C. It is preferable to continue the polymerization reaction in a state where the produced polymer rich phase and the produced polymer dilute phase are separated in the lower polymerization reaction system.
- the dihaloaromatic compound and a sulfur source are subjected to a polymerization reaction in a polar organic solvent, so that the conversion rate of the dihaloaromatic compound is 50% or more, preferably 50 to 99.
- the polymerization reaction is preferably carried out by at least two stages of polymerization processes including a subsequent polymerization process in which the polymerization reaction is continued in a state.
- a sulfur source and the dihaloaromatic compound are present in a state where 0.02 to 2 mol of water is present per 1 mol of the sulfur source (usually a polar organic solvent). In the presence of 0.1 to 5.5 moles of water per kg), and the conversion of the dihaloaromatic compound is 80 to 99.3.
- the amount of water in the polymerization reaction system is adjusted so that the temperature becomes 245 to 290 ° C., and the polymerization reaction is carried out in a state in which the product polymer is separated into a concentrated polymer phase and a diluted polymer phase.
- the second stage to continue It is more preferable to carry out the polymerization reaction by at least two stages of polymerization process including; focus process.
- the conversion rate of the dihaloaromatic compound is a value calculated by the following equation.
- conversion rate [[the amount of the dihaloaromatic compound charged (mol) ⁇ the amount of the dihaloaromatic compound remaining (mol)] ] / [Amount of dihaloaromatic compound charged (mole) ⁇ Excess amount of dihaloaromatic compound (mole)]] ⁇ 100 To calculate the conversion.
- conversion rate [[dihaloaromatic compound feed amount (mol) ⁇ remaining dihaloaromatic compound residual amount (mol)] / [dihaloaromatic compound feed amount (mol)] )]] ⁇ 100 To calculate the conversion.
- the amount of coexisting water in the reaction system in the pre-stage polymerization step is usually 0.02 to 2 mol, preferably 0.05 to 1.9 mol, more preferably 0.5 to 1 mol per mol of the sulfur source, as described above.
- the range is 1.8 mol.
- pre-stage polymerization step it is desirable to produce a polymer (sometimes referred to as “prepolymer”) having a melt viscosity of usually 0.1 to 30 Pa ⁇ s measured at a temperature of 310 ° C. and a shear rate of 1216 sec ⁇ 1 .
- the post-stage polymerization is carried out by adding a required amount of water and, if necessary, an alkali metal hydroxide. Perform the process.
- the polymerization temperature in the subsequent polymerization step is in the range of 245 to 290 ° C.
- the polymerization temperature is less than 245 ° C., it is difficult to obtain a high degree of polymerization, and when it exceeds 290 ° C., the PAS and the polar organic solvent are decomposed. There is a fear.
- a temperature range of 250 to 270 ° C. is preferable because a PAS having a high degree of polymerization can be easily obtained.
- water, an organic carboxylic acid metal salt, or a combination thereof is preferable as the phase separation agent, but it is particularly preferable to use water, and 4 to 4 per 1 kg of the polar organic solvent.
- the water in the polymerization reaction system is added by adding water as a phase separation agent so that 20 moles, preferably 4.1 to 15 moles, more preferably 4.2 to 10 moles of water are present. It is preferable to adjust the amount.
- the amount of coexisting water in the polymerization reaction system is less than 4 mol or more than 20 mol per kg of the polar organic solvent, the degree of polymerization of the produced PAS may decrease.
- the amount of water in the polymerization reaction system is 0.05 to 30 mol, preferably 0.1 to 20 mol, more preferably 0.15 to 15 mol, more preferably 0.1 to 15 mol, per kg of the polar organic solvent. Preferably, it is adjusted within the range of 0.2 to 12 mol.
- Post-treatment process (separation process, washing process, recovery process, etc.):
- the post-treatment step after the polymerization reaction can be performed by a conventional method. For example, after completion of the polymerization reaction, after the slurry containing the produced PAS polymer is in a high temperature state or cooled, the slurry is diluted with water or the like as desired, and then the PAS polymer is filtered by sieving or the like, For the separated PAS polymer, a washing step that repeats washing and filtration with the same polar organic solvent as the polymerization solvent, an organic solvent such as ketones (for example, acetone), alcohols (for example, methanol), and high-temperature water, and then drying.
- an organic solvent such as ketones (for example, acetone), alcohols (for example, methanol), and high-temperature water
- a recovery step for recovering PAS can be performed.
- the produced PAS can be treated with a salt such as acid or ammonium chloride.
- a salt such as acid or ammonium chloride.
- the PAS production apparatus of the present invention is a PAS production apparatus comprising a reaction vessel equipped with one or a plurality of supply pipes, At least one of the supply pipes includes an insert pipe inserted through the supply pipe outer pipe; In the manufacturing apparatus, the tip opening of the insert pipe is positioned inward from the inner wall of the reaction vessel.
- the PAS manufacturing apparatus of the present invention includes a reaction tank 1 shown in FIG.
- the reaction vessel 1 is used, and at least the charging step and the polymerization step are performed in the reaction vessel 1 (therefore, the reaction vessel 1 is And may be referred to as a “polymerization tank” or “polymerization can”), and a dehydration step is performed if desired.
- the reaction vessel 1 provided in the PAS production apparatus of the present invention the same shape, structure, size, etc. as in the reaction vessel conventionally provided and used in the PAS production apparatus can be applied. It can be formed from similar materials. That is, the reaction tank 1 usually has a structure including a cylindrical body portion 11, a lid portion 12 and a bottom portion 13. In the reaction tank 1, a stirring blade 21 and a stirring shaft 22 are usually inserted, and one or a plurality of baffles (baffle plates) 3 are provided on the inner peripheral wall. The agitation shaft 22 is connected to an electric motor (not shown) disposed above the reaction tank 1 and is driven to rotate.
- an electric motor not shown
- the lid portion 12 of the reaction tank 1 is a generally bowl-shaped member that is connected to and attached to the upper portion of the cylindrical body portion 11, and is provided with a hole portion through which the stirring shaft 22 described above is inserted.
- the PAS polymerization apparatus (polymer polymerization apparatus) of the present invention includes raw material monomers and other materials (alkali metal hydroxides, etc.) in the lid portion 12 as will be described in detail later. Monomers and other materials may be collectively referred to as “various raw materials”.)
- the supply pipe 4 also referred to as “supply nozzle”) for introducing the inside of the reaction tank 1 is 1 or It is characterized by being provided with a plurality (one supply pipe 4 is shown in FIG. 1).
- the lid 12 may be provided with an openable / closable opening or the like so that the inside of the reaction tank 1 can be inspected, cleaned, and the like.
- the opening that can be opened and closed is usually larger in diameter than the supply pipe 4.
- the lid portion 12 may be provided with a required number of baffle fixing portions for suspending and fixing the baffles 3 arranged in the reaction tank 1.
- the bottom 13 of the reaction tank 1 is a generally bowl-shaped member that is connected to and attached to the lower part of the cylindrical body 11.
- the bottom 13 is provided with a discharge pipe 131 (also referred to as a “discharge nozzle”) for discharging the PAS polymer that is normally generated by the polymerization reaction, and various raw materials and the like are further introduced into the reaction tank 1 as desired.
- a discharge pipe 131 also referred to as a “discharge nozzle”
- the cylindrical body 11 of the reaction tank 1 constitutes a main part of the reaction tank 1, and a charging process, a polymerization process, and a dehydration process are performed therein if desired.
- a stirring blade 21 and a stirring shaft 22 and a baffle (baffle plate) 3 are usually arranged inside the cylindrical body 11.
- the baffle 3 is directly attached to the inner wall of the cylindrical body 11.
- the baffle 3 may be supported by a baffle support protruding from the inner wall of the reaction tank 1, specifically, the inner wall of the cylindrical body 11, or as mentioned above, You may make it hang and fix from the cover part 12.
- FIG. 1 The baffle 3 is directly attached to the inner wall of the cylindrical body 11.
- the baffle 3 may be supported by a baffle support protruding from the inner wall of the reaction tank 1, specifically, the inner wall of the cylindrical body 11, or as mentioned above, You may make it hang and fix from the cover part 12.
- the PAS manufacturing apparatus is usually connected to a reaction tank 1 having a cylindrical body 11, a lid 12, and a bottom 13, and is provided with other necessary members.
- the electric motor that rotates the agitation shaft 22 described above is an example, and further, for example, a heat exchange jacket for adjusting the temperature of the reaction vessel 1, particularly the cylindrical body portion 11, has an outer peripheral surface of the reaction vessel 1. May be provided to surround. Further, for example, various pipes may be provided for the purpose of transferring various raw materials and the like, PAS polymer to be produced, circulation of a heat medium and / or refrigerant, and the like.
- a material for forming the reaction vessel 1 in the PAS manufacturing apparatus As a material for forming the reaction vessel 1 in the PAS manufacturing apparatus, a material excellent in strength and chemical resistance in a high temperature environment is required because the polymerization reaction of PAS is performed in a high temperature, high pressure and high alkali environment.
- a titanium material which may be a titanium alloy; the same applies in the present invention
- a zirconium material which may be a zirconium alloy; the same applies in the present invention
- special austenitic steel [Carpenter (registered trademark), etc.]
- Corrosion-resistant metals such as these are used, and laminates, such as titanium-coated steel materials and clad materials, provided with these plate-like materials and corrosion-resistant metals such as titanium and zirconium on the inner surface of the reaction tank 1 are used.
- the thickness and size of the corrosion-resistant metal plate material are appropriately determined as necessary. The same applies to materials forming members such as the baffle 3 disposed in the reaction tank 1.
- the PAS manufacturing apparatus of the present invention is a PAS manufacturing apparatus including a reaction tank 1 including one or a plurality of supply pipes 4, and at least one of the supply pipes 4 is inserted into a supply pipe outer pipe.
- An insert pipe is provided, and a tip opening of the insert pipe is located inward from the inner wall of the reaction vessel.
- the PAS production apparatus of the present invention puts various raw materials such as raw material monomers and alkali metal hydroxide into the reaction vessel 1, specifically, the lid 12.
- One or more supply pipes 4 are provided. Although only one supply pipe 4 is shown in FIG. 1, a required number of supply pipes 4 are usually provided in consideration of various types of raw materials supplied to the reaction tank 1.
- At least one of the supply pipes 4 includes an insert pipe 41 inserted into the supply pipe outer pipe 42, and a tip opening 411 of the insert pipe 41 is formed from the inner wall of the reaction tank 1. Located inward.
- the insert pipe 41 may be formed integrally with the supply pipe outer pipe 42 or may be formed separately as long as it has a structure that is inserted into the supply pipe outer pipe 42. In the case where the insert pipe 41 and the supply pipe outer pipe 42 are separate bodies, the insert pipe 41 and the supply pipe outer pipe 42 may be configured to be detachable, or configured so as not to be detachable. Also good.
- the supply pipe 4 may be provided in the vertical direction as shown in the figure, but the attachment direction may be different, for example, attached in a direction perpendicular to the outer surface of the lid 12.
- a tip opening 411 of the insert pipe 41 that is inserted into the supply pipe outer pipe 42, preferably detachable, is located inward from the inner wall of the reaction tank 1, and an opening that does not allow the flow of the supply liquid to face the inner wall.
- various raw materials such as alkali metal hydroxide supplied from the supply pipe 4 to the reaction tank 1 may adhere to the inner wall of the lid 12 of the reaction tank 1. Therefore, there is an effect that the alkali metal hydroxide or the like supplied from the supply pipe 4 is not concentrated and deposited on the inner wall of the lid portion 12 of the reaction tank 1.
- the above effect is that the tip opening 411 of the insert pipe 41 that is inserted into the supply pipe outer tube 42, preferably detachable, is located inward from the inner wall of the reaction tank 1, and the tip opening 411 At least a part is positioned above the liquid level of the reaction liquid in the reaction tank 1, and the flow of the supply liquid supplied from the insert pipe 41 via the tip opening 411 is positioned above the liquid level. This is achieved by setting the direction of the tip opening 411 so as not to face the inner wall of the reaction tank 1.
- the above effect is that the tip opening 411 of the insert pipe 41 that is inserted into the supply pipe outer tube 42, preferably detachable, is located inward from the inner wall of the reaction tank 1, and the tip opening 411 At least a part is located above the liquid level of the reaction liquid in the reaction tank and is directed from the inside of the insert pipe 41 to the outside of the insert pipe 41 at each point on the surface formed by the tip opening 411. The normal is achieved by not intersecting the inner wall of the reaction tank 1 located above the liquid level.
- the midpoint A is the midpoint of the geometric center of gravity at the upper end and the geometric center of gravity of the lower end opening 411, and the intersection of the horizontal plane passing through the midpoint A and the vertical central axis of the reaction tank 1
- the visible portion of the tip opening 411 in the direction BA is perpendicular to the direction BA. This is achieved when the area of the orthogonal projection formed on the plane is 1 cm 2 or more.
- a horizontal plane means a plane perpendicular to the direction in which gravity works.
- the length by which the insert pipe 41 protrudes from the inner wall of the reaction tank 1 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “protrusion length”) varies with various raw materials (raw materials that bounce off the surface of the reaction liquid in the reaction tank 1. Etc.) from the viewpoint of surely preventing the adhesion to the inner wall of the reaction tank 1 and the gap between the insert pipe 41 and the supply pipe outer pipe 42, etc., usually 1 cm or more, preferably 2 cm or more, more preferably 3 cm. That's it.
- the protrusion length of the insert pipe 41 may be selected in an optimum range depending on the size and shape of the reaction tank 1, and the supply pipe 4 is connected to the inner wall of the reaction tank 1, the top of the baffle 3, the upper part of the stirring shaft 22, and the like.
- the insert pipe 41 comes into contact or various raw materials such as alkali metal hydroxides supplied from the supply pipe 4 come into contact, there is no particular upper limit value. It is allowed to extend to the level below the reaction liquid containing the raw materials. From the standpoint that it is not difficult to attach the supply pipe 4 including the insert pipe 41 and the supply pipe outer pipe 42 through which the insert pipe 41 is inserted to the reaction tank 1 and the strength, the protruding length of the insert pipe 41 is usually It is preferable that the length is 50 cm or less, in many cases 30 cm or less, and further 20 cm or less, and the tip opening 411 of the insert pipe 41 is above the level of the reaction solution containing the raw material. Further, the projecting length of the insert pipe 41 is usually 0.5 to 10 times the outer diameter of the insert pipe 41, and in many cases 1 to 5 times.
- the diameter, length, and thickness of the insert pipe 41 are appropriately set in consideration of the types of various raw materials supplied from the supply pipe 4, the input amount to the reaction tank 1 and the strength required for the insert pipe 41. Can do. Further, the radial distance of the body 11 from the inner wall of the cylindrical body 11 of the reaction tank 1 where the insert pipe 41 protrudes from the inner wall of the reaction tank 1 can be variously supplied from the supply pipe 4. It can be set as appropriate as long as the raw material or the like does not adhere to or remain on the inner wall of the reaction tank 1, and is usually 10 cm or more and in many cases 15 cm or more.
- reaction tank 1 When the reaction tank 1 is provided with a plurality of supply pipes 4 that are inserted into the supply pipe outer pipe 42 and preferably have detachable insert pipes 41, the diameter, length and thickness of each insert pipe 41, and further The protruding length and the distance from the inner wall of the body portion 11 may be the same or different.
- the velocity vector of the supply liquid discharged from the insert pipe 41 at the tip opening 411 of the insert pipe 41 is inclined with respect to the horizontal plane, so that the supply pipe 4 moves to the reaction tank 1. While the so-called liquid drainage of various raw materials such as alkali metal hydroxide to be supplied is good, various raw materials and the like are not likely to remain on the inner wall of the reaction tank 1 while accurately directing a predetermined amount. It can be put into the reaction vessel 1 and the accumulation of alkali metal hydroxide or the like in the tip opening 411 is also suppressed.
- the surface formed by the tip opening 411 of the insert pipe 41 may be a flat surface, a curved surface, or a combination of a plurality of flat surfaces. Or a surface composed of a combination of a plurality of curved surfaces, or a surface composed of a combination of one or more planes and a curved surface.
- the angle of inclination formed by the velocity vector of the supply liquid discharged from the insert pipe 41 with respect to the horizontal plane at the tip opening 411 is a viewpoint of liquid breakage and the length of protrusion of the insert pipe 41 from the inner wall of the reaction tank 1. Therefore, the range of 15 to 60 degrees is preferable, and the range of 20 to 50 degrees is more preferable.
- the tangent line at each point on the surface formed by the tip opening 411 is inclined with respect to the horizontal plane.
- the insert pipe 41 needs to be carefully inserted and removed from the supply pipe outer pipe 42 for the purpose of replacement or the like.
- the tip opening 411 of the insert pipe 41 has various raw materials such as alkali metal hydroxide supplied from the supply pipe 4 on the inner wall of the reaction tank 1, the top of the baffle 3, the upper part of the stirring shaft 22, and the like. It is preferable to attach in such a direction that there is no possibility that the raw material rebounding from the surface of the reaction solution in the reaction tank 1 will come into contact.
- the start point of the curved portion is not particularly limited as long as it is a position that is inward from the inner wall of the reaction tank 1 in the insert pipe 41.
- the end point of the bending portion can be set near the tip opening 411, preferably at a position 1 to 10 mm away from the tip opening 411. Since the insert pipe 41 is smoothly curved toward the tip opening 411, insertion of the insert pipe 41 into the supply pipe outer pipe 42 is not hindered. Since the curved portion can be formed by bending a pipe, welding is not required, and there is no fear of a decrease in strength or corrosion resistance of the welded portion.
- the insert pipe 41 is a member that contacts various raw materials such as alkali metal hydroxide supplied to the reaction tank 1, it is preferably formed from a corrosion-resistant material such as a titanium material or a zirconium material, More preferably, the insert pipe 41 is made of a titanium material or a zirconium material. If desired, the outer peripheral surface of the portion of the insert pipe 41 that protrudes from the inner wall of the reaction tank 1 may be surface-treated so that various raw materials and other materials do not adhere.
- the flange is not particularly limited.
- a flange is attached to an end portion of the insert pipe 41 on the outer side of the reaction tank 1, specifically, the lid portion 12.
- the supply pipe outer pipe 42 through which the insert pipe 41 is inserted fixes the insert pipe 41 and prevents the insert pipe 41 from shaking when various raw materials or the like are supplied into the reaction tank 1. Therefore, the supply pipe outer pipe 42 is a pipe having an inner diameter that is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the insert pipe 41. As shown in FIG. 2, the supply pipe outer pipe 42 is attached to the outer wall surface of the reaction tank 1, specifically, the lid part 12 by a method known per se, and an end part located outside the reaction tank 1.
- the flange portion 412 of the insert pipe 41 can be fixed using the fixing flange portion 421 formed in the above.
- the length of the supply pipe outer tube 42 is preferably 5 cm or more, more preferably 10 cm or more, More preferably, it is 15 cm or more.
- the supply pipe outer pipe 42 is a member that is attached to the outer wall surface of the lid portion 12 of the reaction tank 1 by welding or the like, and at the same time, the inner peripheral surface thereof is a member that comes into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the insert pipe 41. Therefore, from the viewpoint of avoiding corrosion due to battery action between different metals and the generation of thermal stress due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient, at least the inner peripheral surface of the supply pipe outer tube 42 in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the insert pipe 41 is an insert. It is preferable to form from the same material as the pipe 41, and specifically, from a corrosion resistant material such as a titanium material or a zirconium material.
- the outer peripheral surface side of the supply pipe outer pipe 42 is a member that does not come into contact with various raw materials such as alkali metal hydroxide supplied to the reaction tank 1, and the lid portion 12 of the reaction tank 1. May be formed of an appropriate material considering the convenience of welding to the outer wall surface of the steel, such as stainless steel or nickel material (in this case, the supply pipe outer tube 42 is a corrosion-resistant material such as titanium material or zirconium material). And a laminated structure of stainless steel or nickel material.
- At least one of the supply pipes 4 provided in the reaction tank 1 provided in the PAS production apparatus of the present invention includes an insert pipe 41 that is preferably detachable, and is inserted into the supply pipe outer pipe 42.
- the front end opening 411 of 41 is located inward from the inner wall of the reaction vessel 1 and can supply various raw materials such as alkali metal hydroxide into the reaction vessel 1.
- the structure is not particularly limited.
- the supply pipe 4 including the insert pipe 41 and the supply pipe outer pipe 42 described above and the separate supply pipe main body 43 is shown, but the structure of the supply pipe 4 is not limited to this.
- the supply pipe outer pipe 42 and the supply pipe main body 43 may be integrally formed.
- the flange portion 412 of the insert pipe 41 is sandwiched between a fixed flange portion 421 of the supply pipe outer tube 42 and a fixed flange portion 431 (of the supply pipe main body) formed at the end of the supply pipe main body 43.
- the bolts and nuts 44 (only one set is illustrated, but eight sets of bolts and nuts 44 are arranged symmetrically in a circumferential shape) are clamped and fixed.
- the clamping method and means are not limited to those shown in FIG.
- a gasket or a seal is usually disposed on the contact surface between the flange portion 412 and the fixed flange portions 421 and 431 (not shown).
- the supply pipe main body 43 is a member that does not come into contact with various raw materials such as alkali metal hydroxide supplied to the reaction tank 1, and therefore can be formed from an appropriate material such as stainless steel or nickel material. .
- the PAS manufacturing apparatus of the present invention includes the unique supply pipe 4 described above in the reaction tank 1 so that a high concentration of strong alkali is present on the inner wall of the supply pipe 4 and the reaction tank 1 in a high temperature environment for a long time. Therefore, the supply pipe 4 and the reaction tank 1 need not be repaired or inspected frequently. However, when these inspections are periodically performed, or when deposits are deposited on the insert pipe 41 or the like provided in the supply pipe 4, the insert pipe 41 and the supply pipe outer pipe 42 (For example, the bolts and nuts 44 shown in FIG. 2 are removed), the insert pipe 41 is removed from the supply pipe outer pipe 42, and a new insert pipe 41 is inserted into the supply pipe outer pipe 42.
- the supply pipe 4 can be reconfigured by being integrated with the supply pipe main body 43 as necessary. Therefore, the time and work required for repairing the supply pipe are greatly simplified.
- Example 1 A required number of supply pipes are arranged on the lid portion 12 of the reaction tank 1 (volume: about 2 m 3 ) having an inner layer of titanium material shown in FIG. 1, and three of the supply pipes 4 shown in FIG. 2 are arranged.
- the supply pipe outer pipe 42 is made of a titanium material, and an insert pipe 41 having an outer diameter (corresponding to the inner diameter of the supply pipe outer pipe 42) of 9 cm, a length of 62 cm, and a thickness of 4 mm is detachable.
- the tip opening 411 of the insert pipe 41 (inclined 30 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane) is located 14 cm inward from the inner wall of the reaction tank 1 (from the surface of the reaction solution) It was supposed to be located above.)
- the reaction tank 1 is provided with a discharge pipe 131 at the bottom 13 and, according to a conventional method, a heat exchange jacket (not shown) in which the stirring blade 21, the stirring shaft 22, and the baffle 3 are arranged and surround the outer peripheral surface. It was supposed to be.
- PAS manufacturing apparatus provided with this reaction tank 1, PAS was manufactured in the following steps.
- Dehydration process A predetermined amount of an aqueous solution of sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) having a concentration of 62.4% by mass, an aqueous solution of sodium hydrosulfide (NaOH) having a concentration of 73.6% by mass, and N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP) is added to the reactor 1 described above. NMP is 0.35 kg with respect to 1 mol of the sulfur source.) Is introduced from each of the three supply pipes 4 provided on the lid 12 of the reaction tank, and the inside of the reaction tank 1 is replaced with nitrogen gas. The temperature was raised to 200 ° C. over about 2 hours, and water and NMP were distilled to perform a dehydration step. In this dehydration process, hydrogen sulfide corresponding to 1.6% of the sulfur source was volatilized.
- NaSH sodium hydrosulfide
- NaOH sodium hydrosulfide
- NMP N-methyl-pyrrolidone
- reaction vessel 1 temperature is about 260 ° C.
- temperature was raised to 265 ° C.
- polymerization reaction was performed for 2.5 hours as phase separation polymerization ( Post polymerization step).
- the reaction mixture containing the PAS polymer produced by the polymerization reaction was taken out from the outlet 131 provided at the bottom 13 of the reaction vessel 1.
- Post-processing process After the completion of the polymerization reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then passed through a screen of 100 mesh (aperture 150 ⁇ m) to sieve the PAS polymer (granular polymer). The separated PAS polymer was washed with acetone three times, washed with water three times, then with 0.3% acetic acid, and further washed with water four times to obtain a washed polymer. The washed polymer was dried at 105 ° C. for 13 hours.
- a new raw material was charged into the reaction vessel 1 that produced PAS, and the above-described PAS production operation consisting of a dehydration step, a charging step, a polymerization step, and a post-treatment step was repeated 200 times. Thereafter, the thickness of the titanium material was measured for each of the insert pipe 41 (the tip opening 411 and the like) of the supply pipe 4, the supply pipe outer pipe 42 (including the flange part 421), and the inner wall of the reaction tank 1. In the inner wall of the reaction tank 1 and the supply pipe outer pipe 42 (including the flange portion 421), no thinning (thickness reduction) of the titanium material due to corrosion due to deposits was observed. Since the insert pipe 41 was thinned by corrosion, only the insert pipe 41 was replaced.
- Example 1 It is not provided with an insert pipe that is inserted into the outer pipe of the supply pipe, but is provided with a reaction tank 1 that is integrally formed of a titanium material and that has a supply pipe that is open on the inner wall of the reaction tank 1 at the tip opening of the supply pipe. Except for this, the PAS production operation was repeated 200 times in the same manner as in Example 1. Then, when the thickness of the titanium material was measured about each of the supply pipe and the opening part to the inner wall of the reaction tank 1 and the inner wall of the reaction tank 1 in the vicinity thereof, thinning due to corrosion was observed in both cases. In particular, the titanium material was completely lost due to corrosion at the inner wall of the reaction vessel and the flange portion of the supply pipe, and exposure of the base material and corrosion of the base material were also observed.
- a PAS manufacturing apparatus including a reaction tank including one or a plurality of supply pipes, wherein at least one of the supply pipes includes an insert pipe inserted into a supply pipe outer pipe
- the PAS manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment is characterized in that the tip opening of the insert pipe is positioned inward from the inner wall of the reaction vessel. Even if the PAS manufacturing operation is repeated 200 times, It was confirmed that the thinning due to the corrosion caused by the accumulation of slag was suppressed. Therefore, the PAS production apparatus of Example 1 can accurately put various raw materials into the reaction tank in a predetermined amount, and has a corrosive property such as strong alkali in the reaction tank over a long period of time.
- a PAS manufacturing apparatus including a reaction tank having a supply pipe
- the supply pipe does not include an insert pipe inserted into the supply pipe outer pipe, and the tip opening of the supply pipe
- the corrosion caused by deposits on the inner walls of the supply pipe and the reaction tank As a result, it was confirmed that the thinning caused by this was noticeable, so there was a risk that various raw materials could not be accurately put into the reaction tank in a predetermined amount.
- Corrosion of the inner wall of the tank may occur, and at that time, it is necessary to destroy the welded part with the reaction tank, replace the entire supply pipe, or repair the inner wall of the reaction tank. As a result, the production efficiency may be reduced. It was suggested that there is.
- the present invention is an apparatus for producing polyarylene sulfide comprising a reaction tank having one or a plurality of supply pipes, wherein at least one of the supply pipes is inserted into an outer pipe of the supply pipe, preferably a detachable insert pipe.
- a material having a corrosive property such as strong alkali in the reaction vessel, wherein the tip opening of the insert pipe is located inward from the inner wall of the reaction vessel.
- a PAS manufacturing apparatus equipped with a supply pipe for charging, it is possible to accurately input a predetermined amount of various raw materials into the reaction tank, and also by replacing the supply pipe due to corrosion of the supply pipe and the repair of the reaction tank Since a PAS manufacturing apparatus including a supply pipe that does not cause a reduction in production efficiency can be provided, the industrial applicability is high.
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Abstract
Description
前記供給管の少なくとも1つが、供給管外管に挿通するインサートパイプを備え、
該インサートパイプの先端開口部が、前記反応槽の内壁より内方に位置する
ことを特徴とする前記の製造装置が提供される。
(2)前記先端開口部の少なくとも一部が、前記反応槽内にある反応液の液面より上方に位置し、
前記インサートパイプから前記先端開口部を介して供給される供給液の流れが、前記液面より上方に位置する前記反応槽の内壁に向かわないように、前記先端開口部の向きが設定されている(1)の製造装置。
(3)前記先端開口部の少なくとも一部が、前記反応槽内にある反応液の液面より上方に位置し、
前記先端開口部により形成される面上の各点における、前記インサートパイプの内部から前記インサートパイプの外部に向かう法線が、前記液面より上方に位置する前記反応槽の内壁と交わらない(1)または(2)の製造装置。
(4)前記先端開口部の上端の幾何的重心及び下端の幾何的重心の中点を中点Aとし、中点Aを通る水平面と反応槽垂直中心軸との交点を交点Bとし、交点Bと中点Aとを結ぶ直線上における交点Bから中点Aへの向きを向きBAとしたときに、向きBAにおける該先端開口部の可視部分が、向きBAに対し垂直な平面上に形成する正射影の面積が1cm2以上である(1)乃至(3)の製造装置。
(5)前記インサートパイプが、供給管外管に着脱可能に挿通する前記(1)乃至(4)の製造装置。
(6)前記インサートパイプが、チタン材またはジルコニウム材から形成される前記(1)乃至(5)の製造装置。
(7)前記インサートパイプの先端開口部における、前記インサートパイプから吐出される供給液の速度ベクトルが、水平面に対して傾斜している前記(1)乃至(6)のいずれかの製造装置。
(8)前記先端開口部により形成される面上の各点における接線が、水平面に対して傾斜している(1)乃至(6)のいずれかの製造装置。
(9)前記インサートパイプが、一部に湾曲部を有する前記(1)乃至(8)のいずれかの製造装置。
1.硫黄源:
本発明のPASの製造装置において、PASを製造するために使用される硫黄源としては、PASの製造に用いられる公知の化合物が挙げられる。例えば、アルカリ金属硫化物、アルカリ金属水硫化物及び硫化水素等が挙げられる。
PASを製造するために使用されるジハロ芳香族化合物としては、PASの製造に用いられる公知の化合物が挙げられる。例えば、p-ジハロベンゼン等のジハロベンゼン類;o-ジハロトルエン、p-ジハロトルエン、o-ジハロキシレン、1-エチル-2,5-ジハロベンゼン等のアルキル置換ジハロベンゼン類;1-フェニル-2,5-ジハロベンゼン等のアリール置換ジハロベンゼン類;4,4’-ジハロビフェニル等のジハロビフェニル類;1,4-ジハロナフタレン,1,5-ジハロナフタレン,2,6-ジハロナフタレン等のジハロナフタレン類等が挙げられる。好ましくは、ハロゲン原子が塩素原子のp-ジハロベンゼンであるp-ジクロロベンゼン(PDCB)である。
PASを製造するために重合反応の溶媒として使用される極性有機溶媒としては、非プロトン性極性有機溶媒であるアミド化合物、ラクタム化合物、尿素化合物、有機硫黄化合物、環式有機リン化合物等が好ましく挙げられる。
PASを製造するために、所望によっては、公知の分子量調節剤や公知の分岐・架橋剤を併用してもよい。
本発明のPASの製造装置において、PASを製造するに際して、必要に応じて各種重合助剤を用いることができる。
本発明のPASの製造装置において、PASを製造するに際して、相分離を生起し粒状PASを得るために、各種相分離剤を用いることができる。相分離剤とは、それ自体でまたは少量の水の共存下に、極性有機溶媒に溶解し、PASの極性有機溶媒に対する溶解性を低下させる作用を有する化合物である。相分離剤自体は、PASの溶媒ではない化合物である。
PASを製造する方法としては、本発明の趣旨を損なわない限り、特に限定されず、一般には、仕込み工程、重合工程(前段重合工程及び後段重合工程からなる2段階重合工程としてもよい。)を含むPASの製造方法であり、好ましくは更に脱水工程を備える方法である。
PASを製造するに際しては、仕込み工程に先だって、極性有機溶媒と硫黄源、特に硫黄源としてアルカリ金属水硫化物を使用する場合は、アルカリ金属水酸化物を含有する混合物を加熱して、該混合物を含有する系内から水を含む留出物の少なくとも一部を系外に排出する脱水工程を配置することが好ましい。硫黄源とジハロ芳香族化合物との重合反応は、重合反応系に存在する水分量によって影響を受ける。そこで、一般に、重合工程前に脱水工程を配置して、重合反応系内の水分量を調節することが好ましい。
PASを製造する方法は、所望により脱水工程を実施した後、以下の仕込み工程を経て実施する。仕込み工程は、極性有機溶媒、前記の硫黄源及びジハロ芳香族化合物、並びに水を含有する仕込み混合物を調製する工程であり、前記の混合物の成分に、更に必要に応じてアルカリ金属水酸化物を添加して、これらの所定組成の混合物、すなわち仕込み混合物を調製する。
PASを製造する方法は、仕込み工程に続いて重合工程を行う。重合工程では、仕込み工程により調製した仕込み混合物を、通常170~290℃、好ましくは180~280℃、より好ましくは190~275℃の温度に加熱して、重合反応を開始させ、重合を進行させる。重合反応時間は、一般に10分間~50時間の範囲であり、望ましくは20分間~30時間である。
転化率=〔〔前記のジハロ芳香族化合物仕込み量(モル)-前記のジハロ芳香族化合物残存量(モル)〕/〔前記のジハロ芳香族化合物仕込み量(モル)-前記のジハロ芳香族化合物過剰量(モル)〕〕×100
によって転化率を算出する。それ以外の場合には、下記式
転化率=〔〔前記のジハロ芳香族化合物仕込み量(モル)-前記のジハロ芳香族化合物残存量(モル)〕/〔前記のジハロ芳香族化合物仕込み量(モル)〕〕×100
によって転化率を算出する。
PASの製造方法としては、重合反応後の後処理工程を、常法によって行うことができる。例えば、重合反応の終了後、生成したPASポリマーを含有するスラリーを高温状態のまたは冷却した後、所望により水等で希釈してから、篩分等によりPASポリマーをろ別する分離工程、次いで、分離したPASポリマーについて、重合溶媒と同じ極性有機溶媒やケトン類(例えば、アセトン)、アルコール類(例えば、メタノール)等の有機溶媒や高温水による洗浄と濾過を繰り返す洗浄工程、その後乾燥することにより、PASを回収する回収工程等を行うことができる。生成したPASを、酸や塩化アンモニウムのような塩で処理することもできる。この方法によれば、粒状ポリマーを生成させることもできるため、スクリーンを用いて篩分する方法により粒状ポリマーを反応液から分離することが、副生物やオリゴマー等から容易に分離することができるので好ましい。
本発明のPASの製造装置は、1または複数の供給管を具備する反応槽を備えるPASの製造装置であって、
前記供給管の少なくとも1つが、供給管外管に挿通するインサートパイプを備え、
該インサートパイプの先端開口部が、前記反応槽の内壁より内方に位置する
ことを特徴とする前記の製造装置である。以下、図面を参照しながら説明する。
本発明のPASの製造装置は、図1に示す反応槽1を備える。本発明のPASの製造装置を適用して行うPASの製造方法としては、該反応槽1を使用し、該反応槽1内において、少なくとも仕込み工程及び重合工程を行い(したがって、反応槽1は、「重合槽」または「重合缶」ということがある。)、所望により脱水工程を行う。
反応槽1の蓋部12は、円筒状の胴部11の上部に接続して取り付けられる、通常椀状の部材であり、先に説明した撹拌軸22を挿通する孔部が設けられている。本発明のPASの重合装置(重合体の重合装置)は、蓋部12に、後に詳述するように、原料モノマーやその他の材料(アルカリ金属水酸化物等を包含する。また、以下、原料モノマーやその他の材料を総称して「種々の原料等」ということがある。)を反応槽1の内部に投入するための供給管4(「供給ノズル」ということもある。)が、1または複数備えられていることを特徴に有する(図1では、1本の供給管4が図示されている。)。また、蓋部12には、反応槽1の内部の点検、清掃等を行うことができるようにするため、開閉可能な開口部等を設けてもよい。開閉可能な開口部は通常、前記供給管4より大径である。所望によっては、蓋部12には、反応槽1内に配されるバッフル3を吊り下げ固定するバッフル固定部を所要数設けてもよい。
反応槽1の底部13は、円筒状の胴部11の下部に接続して取り付けられる、通常椀状の部材である。底部13には、通常重合反応により生成するPASポリマーを排出する排出管131(「排出ノズル」ということもある。)が設けられ、更に所望により種々の原料等を反応槽1の内部に投入するための供給管が設けられることがある。
反応槽1の円筒状の胴部11は、反応槽1の主要部をなし、その内部において仕込み工程、重合工程及び所望により脱水工程が行われる。円筒状の胴部11の内部には、通常撹拌翼21及び撹拌軸22と、バッフル(邪魔板)3が配置されている。図1においては、バッフル3は、円筒状の胴部11の内壁に直接取り付けられるものとしている。ただし、バッフル3は、反応槽1の内壁、具体的には円筒状の胴部11の内壁に突設されるバッフルサポートによって支持されるようにしてもよいし、また先に言及したように、蓋部12から吊り下げ固定されるようにしてもよい。
PASの製造装置は、通常、円筒状の胴部11、蓋部12及び底部13を備える反応槽1に接続して、所要のその他の部材が備えられる。先に説明した撹拌軸22を回転させる電動機はその一例であり、更に例えば、反応槽1、特に円筒状の胴部11の温度を調整するための熱交換ジャケットが、反応槽1の外周面を取り囲むように備えられることがある。また、例えば、種々の原料等や生成するPASポリマーの移送や、熱媒及び/または冷媒の循環等を目的として、種々の配管が備えられてもよい。
本発明のPASの製造装置は、1または複数の供給管4を具備する反応槽1を備えるPASの製造装置であって、前記供給管4の少なくとも1つが、供給管外管に挿通するインサートパイプを備え、該インサートパイプの先端開口部が、前記反応槽の内壁より内方に位置することを特徴とする。以下、図を参照しながら説明する。
供給管外管42に挿通する、好ましくは着脱可能なインサートパイプ41の先端開口部411が、前記反応槽1の内壁より内方に位置し、かつ供給液の流れが内壁に向かわない開口部の方向とすることにより、下記の効果、すなわち、供給管4から反応槽1に供給されるアルカリ金属水酸化物等の種々の原料等が、反応槽1の蓋部12の内壁に付着するおそれがないので、反応槽1の蓋部12の内壁に供給管4から供給されたアルカリ金属水酸化物等が濃縮し堆積することがないという効果が奏される。また、上記の効果は、供給管外管42に挿通する、好ましくは着脱可能なインサートパイプ41の先端開口部411が、反応槽1の内壁より内方に位置し、かつ、先端開口部411の少なくとも一部が、反応槽1内にある反応液の液面より上方に位置し、インサートパイプ41から先端開口部411を介して供給される供給液の流れが、前記液面より上方に位置する反応槽1の内壁に向かわないように、先端開口部411の向きが設定されていることにより奏される。また、上記の効果は、供給管外管42に挿通する、好ましくは着脱可能なインサートパイプ41の先端開口部411が、反応槽1の内壁より内方に位置し、かつ、先端開口部411の少なくとも一部が、前記反応槽内にある反応液の液面より上方に位置し、先端開口部411により形成される面上の各点における、インサートパイプ41の内部からインサートパイプ41の外部に向かう法線が、前記液面より上方に位置する反応槽1の内壁と交わらないことにより奏される。また、上記の効果は、先端開口部411の上端の幾何的重心及び下端の幾何的重心の中点を中点Aとし、中点Aを通る水平面と反応槽1垂直中心軸との交点を交点Bとし、交点Bと中点Aとを結ぶ直線上における交点Bから中点Aへの向きを向きBAとしたときに、向きBAにおける先端開口部411の可視部分が、向きBAに対し垂直な平面上に形成する正射影の面積が1cm2以上であることにより奏される。本明細書において、水平面とは、重力が働く方向に垂直な平面をいう。インサートパイプ41が反応槽1の内壁から突出する長さ(以下、「突出長さ」ということがある。)は、種々の原料(反応槽1内にある反応液の液面から跳ね返ってくる原料を含む。)等が反応槽1の内壁やインサートパイプ41と供給管外管42との隙間に付着することを確実に防止する観点等から、通常1cm以上、好ましくは2cm以上、より好ましくは3cm以上である。インサートパイプ41の突出長さは、反応槽1の大きさや形状等により最適範囲を選定すればよく、反応槽1の内壁や、バッフル3の頂部、撹拌軸22の上部等に、供給管4のインサートパイプ41が接触したり、供給管4から供給されるアルカリ金属水酸化物等の種々の原料等が接触したりしない限り、特に上限値がなく、極端にいえば反応槽1内にある種々の原料等を含む反応液の液面下まで延長することも許容される。インサートパイプ41及び該インサートパイプ41を挿通する供給管外管42を備える供給管4を反応槽1に取り付けることが困難とならない観点や強度の観点等から、インサートパイプ41の突出長さは、通常50cm以下、多くの場合30cm以下、更には20cm以下であって、インサートパイプ41の先端開口部411が原料等を含有する反応液の液面より上方となる長さとすることが好ましい。また、インサートパイプ41の突出長さは、該インサートパイプ41の外径に対して、通常0.5~10倍、多くの場合1~5倍の範囲とすればよい。
インサートパイプ41を挿通する供給管外管42は、インサートパイプ41を固定し、種々の原料等を反応槽1内に供給するときにインサートパイプ41の振れを防ぐものである。したがって、供給管外管42は、内径がインサートパイプ41の外径とほぼ同じ断面形状を有するパイプ状のものである。供給管外管42は、図2に示されるように、反応槽1、具体的には蓋部12の外壁面に、それ自体公知の方法によって取り付けられ、反応槽1の外方にある端部に形成した固定フランジ部421を利用して、インサートパイプ41の前記フランジ部412を固定するようにすることができる。インサートパイプ41を確実に固定する観点や固定フランジ部421への反応液の付着を確実に防止する観点等から、供給管外管42の長さは、5cm以上が好ましく、10cm以上がより好ましく、15cm以上が更に好ましい。
本発明のPASの製造装置に備えられる反応槽1に具備される供給管4は、その少なくとも1つが、供給管外管42に挿通する、好ましくは着脱可能なインサートパイプ41を備え、該インサートパイプ41の先端開口部411が、前記反応槽1の内壁より内方に位置するものであって、アルカリ金属水酸化物等の種々の原料等を反応槽1内に供給することができるものである限り、構造上特に限定されない。図2においては、先に説明したインサートパイプ41及び供給管外管42と別体の供給管本体43とを備える供給管4が示されているが、供給管4の構造は、何らこれに限定されない。例えば、供給管外管42と供給管本体43とを一体に形成するものとしてもよい。
本発明のPASの製造装置は、反応槽1に先に説明した特有の供給管4を具備することにより、供給管4及び反応槽1の内壁等に、高濃度の強アルカリが高温環境で長期に亘って接触することがないので、供給管4や反応槽1の補修や点検を頻繁に行う必要がない。しかし、定期的にこれらの点検等を行う場合や、たまたま供給管4に備えられるインサートパイプ41等に付着物の堆積が生じてしまった場合等に際しては、インサートパイプ41と供給管外管42との接続を解除して(例えば、図2に示すボルト及びナット44を取り外す等。)、インサートパイプ41を供給管外管42から取り外して、新しいインサートパイプ41を供給管外管42に挿通し、必要に応じて供給管本体43とともに一体化して、供給管4を再構成することができる。したがって、供給管の補修に要する時間や作業が極めて簡素化される。
図1に示す、チタン材の内層を備える反応槽1(容積約2m3)の蓋部12に、所要本数の供給管を配置し、そのうち図2に示す供給管4を3本配置した。供給管4として、供給管外管42にチタン材から形成され、外径(供給管外管42の内径に対応する。)が9cm、長さ62cm、厚み4mmであるインサートパイプ41を着脱可能に挿通したものを使用し、該インサートパイプ41の先端開口部411(水平面に対して30度傾斜するものとした。)が反応槽1の内壁から14cm内方に位置する(反応液の液面より上方に位置するものとした。)ように固定した。反応槽1としては、底部13に排出管131を備え、また、常法にしたがい、撹拌翼21及び撹拌軸22、バッフル3を配し、外周面を取り囲む熱交換ジャケット(図示しない。)を備えるものとした。この反応槽1を備えるPAS製造装置を使用して、以下の工程でPASを製造した。
上記の反応槽1に、濃度62.4質量%の水硫化ナトリウム(NaSH)水溶液、濃度73.6質量%の水硫化ナトリウム(NaOH)水溶液、及びN-メチル-ピロリドン(NMP)の所定量(NMPは硫黄源1モルに対して、0.35kgとなる。)を、反応槽の蓋部12に設けた3本の供給管4からそれぞれ投入し、反応槽1内を窒素ガスで置換した後、約2時間かけて温度200℃まで昇温して、水とNMPとを留出させ脱水工程を行った。この脱水工程で硫黄源の1.6%に相当する硫化水素が揮散した。
脱水工程の後、反応槽1を温度170℃まで冷却し、市販のp-ジクロロベンゼン(PDCB)及び水を、反応槽1の蓋部12に設けたそれぞれの供給管4から投入し、更にNaOHを別の供給管4から投入して、仕込み混合物を得た。仕込み混合物におけるPDCBの硫黄源に対する比率は1.02(モル/モル)であった。
仕込み混合物を撹拌しながら、温度183℃から260℃まで2.5時間かけて連続的に昇温しながら重合反応させた(前段重合工程)。PDCBの転化率は、93%であった。
重合反応終了後の反応混合物を室温まで冷却した後、100メッシュ(目開き150μm)のスクリーンに通して、PASポリマー(粒状ポリマー)を篩分した。分離したPASポリマーを、アセトンにより3回洗浄し、水洗を3回行った後、0.3%酢酸水洗を行い、さらに水洗を4回行って洗浄ポリマーを得た。洗浄ポリマーは、温度105℃で13時間乾燥した。
供給管外管に挿通するインサートパイプを備えるものではなく、チタン材により一体に形成され、供給管の先端開口部が反応槽1の内壁に開口する供給管を配した反応槽1を備えることを除いて、実施例1と同様にして、PASの製造操作を200回反復実施した。その後、供給管と反応槽1の内壁への開口部分及びその近傍の反応槽1の内壁のそれぞれについて、チタン材の厚みを測定したところ、いずれにおいても腐食による減肉がみられた。特に、反応槽の内壁及び供給管のフランジ部分では腐食によりチタン材が完全に失われており、母材の露出及び母材の腐食も観察された。
11 円筒状の胴部
12 蓋部
13 底部
131 排出管
21 撹拌翼
22 撹拌軸
3 バッフル
4 供給管
41 インサートパイプ
411 (インサートパイプの)先端開口部
412 (インサートパイプの)フランジ部
42 供給管外管
421 (供給管外管の)固定フランジ部
43 供給管本体
431 (供給管本体の)固定フランジ部
44 ボルト及びナット
Claims (10)
- 1または複数の供給管を具備する反応槽を備えるポリアリーレンスルフィドの製造装置であって、
前記供給管の少なくとも1つが、供給管外管に挿通するインサートパイプを備え、
該インサートパイプの先端開口部が、前記反応槽の内壁より内方に位置する
ことを特徴とする前記の製造装置。 - 前記先端開口部の少なくとも一部が、前記反応槽内にある反応液の液面より上方に位置し、
前記インサートパイプから前記先端開口部を介して供給される供給液の流れが、前記液面より上方に位置する前記反応槽の内壁に向かわないように、前記先端開口部の向きが設定されている請求項1記載の製造装置。 - 前記先端開口部の少なくとも一部が、前記反応槽内にある反応液の液面より上方に位置し、
前記先端開口部により形成される面上の各点における、前記インサートパイプの内部から前記インサートパイプの外部に向かう法線が、前記液面より上方に位置する前記反応槽の内壁と交わらない請求項1または2記載の製造装置。 - 前記先端開口部の上端の幾何的重心及び下端の幾何的重心の中点を中点Aとし、中点Aを通る水平面と反応槽垂直中心軸との交点を交点Bとし、交点Bと中点Aとを結ぶ直線上における交点Bから中点Aへの向きを向きBAとしたときに、向きBAにおける該先端開口部の可視部分が、向きBAに対し垂直な平面上に形成する正射影の面積が1cm2以上である請求項1乃至3記載の製造装置。
- 前記インサートパイプが、供給管外管に着脱可能に挿通する請求項1乃至4記載の製造装置。
- 前記インサートパイプが、チタン材またはジルコニウム材から形成される請求項1乃至5記載の製造装置。
- 前記インサートパイプの先端開口部における、前記インサートパイプから吐出される供給液の速度ベクトルが、水平面に対して傾斜している請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の製造装置。
- 前記先端開口部により形成される面上の各点における接線が、水平面に対して傾斜している請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の製造装置。
- 前記インサートパイプが、一部に湾曲部を有する請求項1乃至8のいずれか1項に記載の製造装置。
- 請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載の製造装置を使用するポリアリーレンスルフィドの製造方法。
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