WO2016019921A1 - 电机组件及用于电机驱动的集成电路 - Google Patents

电机组件及用于电机驱动的集成电路 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016019921A1
WO2016019921A1 PCT/CN2015/086422 CN2015086422W WO2016019921A1 WO 2016019921 A1 WO2016019921 A1 WO 2016019921A1 CN 2015086422 W CN2015086422 W CN 2015086422W WO 2016019921 A1 WO2016019921 A1 WO 2016019921A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
circuit
motor
switch
integrated circuit
rotor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/086422
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李越
孙持平
刘宝廷
王恩晖
信飞
杨圣骞
杨修文
刘立生
崔艳云
黄淑娟
Original Assignee
德昌电机(深圳)有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201410404474.2A external-priority patent/CN107634683B/zh
Application filed by 德昌电机(深圳)有限公司 filed Critical 德昌电机(深圳)有限公司
Priority to DE112015003676.8T priority Critical patent/DE112015003676T5/de
Priority to JP2017526740A priority patent/JP2017523768A/ja
Priority to MX2017001792A priority patent/MX2017001792A/es
Priority to KR1020177006374A priority patent/KR20170039740A/ko
Priority to BR112017002499A priority patent/BR112017002499A2/pt
Priority to CN201580052597.7A priority patent/CN107251405B/zh
Publication of WO2016019921A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016019921A1/zh
Priority to CN201610388604.7A priority patent/CN106443509A/zh
Priority to CN201620535353.6U priority patent/CN206002675U/zh
Priority to CN201610392242.9A priority patent/CN106452210B/zh
Priority to CN201620532429.XU priority patent/CN205982591U/zh
Priority to CN201610392144.5A priority patent/CN106443524A/zh
Priority to CN201610387977.2A priority patent/CN106443523A/zh
Priority to CN201610392329.6A priority patent/CN106443511A/zh
Priority to CN201620533622.5U priority patent/CN205982594U/zh
Priority to CN201620532323.XU priority patent/CN205986682U/zh
Priority to CN201620535664.2U priority patent/CN206223949U/zh
Priority to CN201620532359.8U priority patent/CN205982596U/zh
Priority to CN201610390049.1A priority patent/CN106443510A/zh
Priority to CN201620532177.0U priority patent/CN205982595U/zh
Priority to CN201610392501.8A priority patent/CN106443514A/zh
Priority to CN201610387820.XA priority patent/CN106451924A/zh
Priority to CN201610390067.XA priority patent/CN106449583A/zh
Priority to CN201610392349.3A priority patent/CN106443512A/zh
Priority to CN201620532721.1U priority patent/CN205982593U/zh
Priority to CN201620533663.4U priority patent/CN205982597U/zh
Priority to CN201620532604.5U priority patent/CN205984965U/zh
Priority to CN201620535636.0U priority patent/CN206038884U/zh
Priority to CN201610392171.2A priority patent/CN106452221A/zh
Priority to CN201620532488.7U priority patent/CN205982592U/zh
Priority to CN201610392395.3A priority patent/CN106443513A/zh
Priority to CN201610390208.8A priority patent/CN106451831A/zh
Priority to CN201620542044.1U priority patent/CN206038885U/zh
Priority to CN201610393118.4A priority patent/CN106443515A/zh
Priority to CN201610437236.0A priority patent/CN106451925A/zh
Priority to CN201620601393.6U priority patent/CN205846998U/zh
Priority to CN201620608979.5U priority patent/CN205883093U/zh
Priority to CN201610447131.3A priority patent/CN106451926A/zh
Priority to CN201610447057.5A priority patent/CN106452222B/zh
Priority to CN201620606339.0U priority patent/CN205864187U/zh
Priority to CN201610523521.4A priority patent/CN106452211B/zh
Priority to CN201620700738.3U priority patent/CN206135752U/zh
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Priority to CN201620709071.3U priority patent/CN206270478U/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/08—Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/20—Arrangements for starting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/48—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor
    • H01L23/488—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor consisting of soldered or bonded constructions
    • H01L23/49—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor consisting of soldered or bonded constructions wire-like arrangements or pins or rods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/003—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring position, not involving coordinate determination
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/142—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/0011—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables comprising means, e.g. flux concentrators, flux guides, for guiding or concentrating the magnetic flux, e.g. to the magnetic sensor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/0023—Electronic aspects, e.g. circuits for stimulation, evaluation, control; Treating the measured signals; calibration
    • G01R33/0029—Treating the measured signals, e.g. removing offset or noise
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
    • G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
    • G01R33/07—Hall effect devices
    • G01R33/072—Constructional adaptation of the sensor to specific applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/48—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor
    • H01L23/488—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor consisting of soldered or bonded constructions
    • H01L23/495—Lead-frames or other flat leads
    • H01L23/49517—Additional leads
    • H01L23/4952—Additional leads the additional leads being a bump or a wire
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/04—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for rectification
    • H02K11/049—Rectifiers associated with stationary parts, e.g. stator cores
    • H02K11/05—Rectifiers associated with casings, enclosures or brackets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
    • H02K11/21—Devices for sensing speed or position, or actuated thereby
    • H02K11/215—Magnetic effect devices, e.g. Hall-effect or magneto-resistive elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/30—Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
    • H02K11/33—Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
    • H02P6/16—Circuit arrangements for detecting position
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/30—Arrangements for controlling the direction of rotation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
    • H02P7/03—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for controlling the direction of rotation of DC motors
    • H02P7/05—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for controlling the direction of rotation of DC motors by means of electronic switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
    • H02P7/06—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
    • H02P7/18—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
    • H02P7/24—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/28—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/285—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only
    • H02P7/292—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only using static converters, e.g. AC to DC
    • H02P7/295—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only using static converters, e.g. AC to DC of the kind having a thyristor or the like in series with the power supply and the motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
    • H10B61/00—Magnetic memory devices, e.g. magnetoresistive RAM [MRAM] devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N52/00—Hall-effect devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the type of motor
    • H02P2207/05—Synchronous machines, e.g. with permanent magnets or DC excitation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a drive circuit for a motor, and more particularly to an integrated circuit suitable for driving a single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor.
  • the electromagnet of the stator generates an alternating magnetic field, which is equivalent to a synthetic magnetic field that rotates a reverse magnetic field.
  • This magnetic field drags the permanent magnet rotor to yaw oscillation, if the yaw oscillation amplitude of the rotor increases continuously.
  • the rotation of the rotor in a certain direction can be quickly accelerated to synchronize with the alternating magnetic field of the stator.
  • the starting torque setting of the motor is usually large, resulting in a low efficiency of the motor operating at the operating point.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a motor assembly including a motor and a motor drive circuit that can be powered by an alternating current source.
  • the electric machine includes a stator and a rotor rotatable relative to the stator.
  • the stator includes a stator core and stator windings wound on the stator core.
  • the drive circuit includes an integrated circuit and a controllable bidirectional AC connection to the integrated circuit.
  • the controllable bidirectional AC switch is coupled in series with the stator winding between two terminals configured to connect to an AC power source.
  • At least two of the rectifier, the detection circuit and the switch control circuit are integrated in the integrated circuit.
  • a rectifier is used to generate a DC voltage that is at least provided to the detection circuit.
  • a detection circuit is used to detect the polarity of the magnetic field of the rotor.
  • the switch control circuit is configured to control the controllable bidirectional AC switch to be turned on in a predetermined manner according to the polarity of the AC power source and the polarity of the rotor magnetic field detected by the detection circuit Switch between the cutoff states.
  • the switch control circuit is configured to detect the rotor only when the AC power source is in a positive half cycle and the detection circuit detects that the rotor magnetic field is at a first polarity and the AC power source is in a negative half cycle and the detection circuit detects
  • the controllable bidirectional AC switch is turned on when the magnetic field is a second polarity opposite the first polarity.
  • the driving circuit further includes a buck connected to the rectifier.
  • the rectifier and the buck are connected between two nodes to form a path, and the bidirectional AC switch is connected in parallel with the branch.
  • the driving circuit further includes a voltage regulator for stabilizing the DC voltage, and the rectifier, the buck, the voltage regulator, the detecting circuit, and the switch control circuit are all integrated in the integrated circuit.
  • the rectifier is integrated in the integrated circuit, and the buck is disposed outside the integrated circuit.
  • a voltage regulator for stabilizing the DC voltage is also integrated in the integrated circuit.
  • controllable bidirectional AC switch is a triac.
  • the detection circuit is provided with a magnetic sensor mounted adjacent to the rotor to enable the magnetic sensor to sense the polarity and variation of the magnetic field of the rotor.
  • no magnetic sensor is disposed in the detecting circuit.
  • no microprocessor is provided in the driving circuit.
  • the motor assembly does not have a printed circuit board.
  • the motor is a single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor
  • the rotor includes at least one permanent magnet
  • a non-uniform magnetic circuit is formed between the stator and the permanent magnet rotor, so that the permanent magnet rotor is at a static pole
  • the shaft is offset from the central axis of the stator by an angle, and after the stator winding is energized, the rotor operates at a constant speed of 60 f/p turns per minute during steady state, where f is the frequency of the alternating current source, p is Said The number of pole pairs of the rotor.
  • an integrated circuit for motor drive comprising: a housing, a plurality of pins extending from the housing, and a switch control circuit disposed on the semiconductor substrate, the semiconductor substrate and a switch control circuit is packaged in the housing, the switch control circuit configured to generate a control signal for controlling a bidirectional AC switch to be turned on or off according to rotor magnetic field polarity information of the motor to control the motor Power mode.
  • the semiconductor substrate is further integrated with a detecting circuit for detecting the polarity of the rotor magnetic field of the motor.
  • the semiconductor substrate is further integrated with a rectifier capable of generating a DC voltage provided to at least the detection circuit.
  • a voltage regulator for stabilizing the DC voltage is further integrated on the semiconductor substrate.
  • the bidirectional AC switch is enclosed within the housing.
  • no microprocessor is provided in the integrated circuit.
  • the integrated circuit has no more than four pins.
  • the circuit of the embodiment of the invention can ensure that the motor starts to rotate in a fixed direction each time the motor is energized.
  • applications such as fans and pumps, fans and impellers driven by the rotor can be used with curved blades to increase the efficiency of fans and pumps.
  • the circuit cost can be reduced and the reliability of the circuit can be improved.
  • FIG. 1 shows a single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit schematic diagram of a single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit block diagram showing one implementation of the integrated circuit of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit block diagram showing another implementation of the integrated circuit of FIG. 2;
  • Figure 5 illustrates an embodiment of the motor circuit of Figure 2
  • Figure 6 is a waveform diagram of the motor circuit of Figure 5;
  • FIG. 10 is a circuit schematic diagram showing a single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a circuit block diagram showing one implementation of the integrated circuit of Figure 10.
  • FIG. 12 is a circuit schematic diagram of a single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 shows the water pump to which the above motor is applied
  • Figure 14 shows the fan to which the above motor is applied.
  • the synchronous machine 10 includes a stator and a rotor 11 rotatable relative to the stator.
  • the stator has a stator core 12 and stator windings 16 wound around the stator core 12.
  • the stator core can be made of soft magnetic materials such as pure iron, cast iron, cast steel, electrical steel, and silicon steel.
  • the rotor 11 has permanent magnets. When the stator windings 16 are connected in series with an alternating current source, the rotor 11 operates at a constant speed of 60 f/p turns per minute in a steady state, where f is the frequency of the alternating current source and p is the pole pair of the rotor. number.
  • the stator core 12 has two opposite pole portions 14. Each pole portion 14 has a pole-arc surface 15 with the outer surface of the rotor 11 opposite the pole-arc surface 15 forming a substantially uniform air gap 13 therebetween.
  • the substantially uniform air gap referred to in the present application is that a large air gap is formed between the designated sub-machine and the rotor, and only a small portion is a non-uniform air gap.
  • the pole arc surface 15 of the stator pole portion is provided with a concave starting groove 17, and the portion of the pole arc surface 15 other than the starting groove 17 is concentric with the rotor.
  • the above configuration can form no
  • the uniform magnetic field ensures that the pole axis S1 (shown in FIG.
  • the pole axis S1 of the rotor refers to a boundary line between two poles of different polarities of the rotor
  • the central axis S2 of the stator pole portion 14 refers to a line passing through the center of the two pole portions 14 of the stator.
  • both the stator and the rotor have two magnetic poles. It will be appreciated that in further embodiments, the number of poles of the stator and rotor may also be unequal and have more poles, such as four, six, and the like.
  • FIG. 2 shows a circuit schematic of a single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the stator winding 16 of the motor and an integrated circuit 18 are connected in series at both ends of the AC power source 24.
  • a driver circuit for the motor is integrated in the integrated circuit 18, and the drive circuit can cause the motor to start in a fixed direction each time the power is applied.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates one implementation of integrated circuit 18.
  • the housing 19 includes two leads 21 extending from the housing 19 and a driving circuit packaged in the housing.
  • the driving circuit is disposed on the semiconductor substrate and includes a detecting circuit for detecting the polarity of the rotor magnetic field of the motor. 20.
  • a controllable bidirectional AC switch 26 coupled between the two pins 21, and a switch control circuit 30, the switch control circuit 30 being configured to control the controllable bidirectional AC switch 30 in accordance with the polarity of the rotor magnetic field detected by the detection circuit 20. Switching between on and off states in a predetermined manner.
  • the switch control circuit 30 is configured to only detect the rotor magnetic field detected by the detection circuit 20 only when the AC power source 24 is in the positive half cycle and the detection circuit 20 detects that the rotor magnetic field is at the first polarity and the AC power source 24 is in the negative half cycle.
  • the controllable bidirectional AC switch 26 is turned “on” for a second polarity opposite the first polarity. This configuration allows the stator winding 16 to drag the rotor only in a fixed direction during the motor starting phase.
  • the detection circuit 20 is preferably a magnetic sensor (also referred to as a position sensor) mounted adjacent to the rotor to enable the magnetic sensor to sense changes in the magnetic field of the rotor. It can be understood that, in more implementations, the detecting circuit 20 may also be provided with no magnetic sensor. The detection of the change in the magnetic field of the rotor is achieved by other means.
  • the circuit cost can be reduced, and the reliability of the circuit can be improved.
  • the motor can be used without a printed circuit board, and only needs to fix the integrated circuit in a suitable position and then connect the wire to the motor's wire group and power source through wires.
  • the stator winding 16 and the AC power source 24 are connected in series between the two nodes A, B.
  • the AC power source 24 may preferably be a commercial AC power source having a fixed frequency of, for example, 50 Hz or 60 Hz, and the current voltage may be, for example, 110 volts, 220 volts, 230 volts, or the like.
  • the controllable bidirectional AC switch 26 is connected in parallel with the series connected stator windings 16 and the AC power source 24 between the two nodes A, B.
  • the controllable bidirectional AC switch 26 is preferably a triac (TRIAC) having two anodes connected to the two leads 21, respectively.
  • TRIAC triac
  • controllable bidirectional AC switch 26 can also be implemented, for example, by two unidirectional thyristors connected in anti-parallel, and a corresponding control circuit is provided to control the two unidirectional thyristors in a predetermined manner.
  • the rectifier 28 is connected in parallel with the switch 26 between the two leads 21.
  • the rectifier 28 converts the alternating current between the two pins 21 into a low voltage direct current.
  • the detecting circuit 20 can be powered by the low voltage direct current output from the rectifier 28 for detecting the magnetic pole position of the permanent magnet rotor 11 of the synchronous motor 10 and outputting a corresponding signal.
  • the switch control circuit 30 is connected to the rectifier 28, the detecting circuit 20 and the controllable bidirectional AC switch 26, and is configured to control the controllable according to the rotor magnetic pole position information detected by the detecting circuit 20 and the polarity information of the AC power source 24 obtained from the rectifier 28.
  • the bidirectional AC switch 26 switches between the on and off states in a predetermined manner such that the stator winding 16 rotates the rotor 14 only along the aforementioned fixed starting direction during the motor starting phase.
  • the controllable bidirectional AC switch 26 when the controllable bidirectional AC switch 26 is turned on, the two pins 21 are short-circuited, and the rectifier 28 no longer consumes power due to no current flowing, so that the power utilization efficiency can be greatly improved.
  • FIG 5 illustrates an embodiment of the motor circuit of Figure 2.
  • the stator winding 16 of the motor and the AC power source 24 are connected in series between the two pins 21 of the integrated circuit 18.
  • the two nodes A and B are respectively connected to the two pins 21.
  • the first anode T2 and the second anode T1 of the triac 26 are connected to the two nodes A, B, respectively.
  • the rectifier 28 is connected in parallel with the three-terminal thyristor 26 between the two nodes A, B.
  • Rectifier 28 converts the alternating current between the two nodes A, B to low voltage direct current (preferably between 3 and 18 volts).
  • the circuit 28 includes a first Zener diode Z1 and a second Zener diode Z2 which are respectively connected in reverse between the two nodes A and B via the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2.
  • the connection point of the first resistor R1 and the cathode of the first Zener diode Z1 forms a higher voltage output terminal C of the rectifier 28, and the connection point of the second resistor R2 and the anode of the second Zener diode Z2 forms a lower voltage of the rectifier 28.
  • Output D The voltage output terminals C and D are connected to the positive and negative power supply terminals of the position sensor 20, respectively.
  • the switch control circuit 30 is connected to the higher voltage output terminal C of the rectifier 28, the output terminal H1 of the position sensor 20, and the gate electrode G of the triac 26 through three terminals.
  • the switch control circuit 30 includes a third resistor R3, a fifth diode D5, and a fourth resistor R4 and a sixth diode connected in series between the output terminal H1 of the position sensor 20 and the gate electrode G of the controllable bidirectional AC switch 26.
  • Tube D6 The anode of the sixth diode D6 is connected to the control electrode G of the controllable bidirectional AC switch.
  • the third resistor R3 has one end connected to the higher voltage output terminal C of the rectifier 28 and the other end connected to the anode of the fifth diode D5.
  • the cathode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the gate G of the controllable bidirectional AC switch 26.
  • Vac represents the voltage waveform of the AC power source 24, and Iac represents the current waveform flowing through the stator coil 16. Due to the inductivity of the stator coil 16, the current waveform Iac lags behind the voltage waveform Vac.
  • V1 denotes a voltage waveform across the Zener diode Z1
  • V2 denotes a voltage waveform across the Zener diode Z2
  • Vcd denotes a voltage waveform between the two output terminals C and D of the rectifier 28
  • Ha denotes a signal of the output terminal H1 of the position sensor 20.
  • the waveform, Hb represents the rotor magnetic field detected by the position sensor 20. In this example, when the position sensor 20 is normally powered, the output terminal H1 outputs a logic high level when the detected rotor magnetic field is north (North), and the output terminal H1 outputs a logic low level when the south pole (South) is detected. .
  • the power supply voltage gradually increases from time t0 to t1 in the first positive half cycle of the alternating current power source, and the output terminal H1 of the position sensor 20 outputs a high level, and the current sequentially passes through the resistor R1.
  • the triac 26 is turned on.
  • the two nodes A and B are short-circuited, so the current in the stator coil 16 of the motor gradually increases until a large forward current flows, driving the rotor 14 in the clockwise direction shown in FIG. Turn. Since the two points A and B are short-circuited, no current flows in the rectifier 28 between the times t1 and t2, so the resistors R1 and R2 do not consume power, and the position sensor 20 stops outputting due to the absence of the supply voltage.
  • the bidirectional thyristor 26 has a sufficiently large current flowing between its two anodes T1 and T2 (higher than its sustain current Ihold ), and therefore, in the absence of a drive current between the gate G and the second anode T1,
  • the triac 26 remains conductive.
  • the triac 26 is turned off, a current flows in the rectifier 28, and the output terminal H1 of the position sensor 20 is again output high.
  • Level Since the potential at point C is lower than the potential at point E, there is no driving current between the gate electrode G of the triac 26 and the second anode T1, so the triac 26 remains off.
  • the current value flowing through the stator coil 16 is much smaller than the current flowing through the stator coil 16 between the periods t1 and t2.
  • the rotor 14 generates substantially no driving force, and therefore, the rotor 14 continues to rotate in the clockwise direction under the action of inertia.
  • the current sequentially passes through the resistor R1, the resistor R3, the diode D5, and the gate electrode G of the triac 26 and the second anode T1, and the triac 26 is re-conducted.
  • the current flowing through the stator coil 16 continues to drive the rotor 14 to rotate in the clockwise direction.
  • the two nodes A and B are short-circuited so that the resistors R1 and R2 do not consume power; to the negative half cycle of the power supply, the two anodes T1 of the triac 26
  • the triac 26 is turned off again, and the rotor continues to rotate in the clockwise direction under the action of inertia.
  • the rotor magnetic field Hb detected by the position sensor 20 changes from North to South.
  • the AC power source is still in its positive half cycle, and the triac 26 has been turned on, shorting the two points A and B, and no current in the rectifier 28. flow past.
  • the current flowing through the two anodes T1, T2 of the triac 26 gradually decreases, and at the time point t5, the triac 26 is turned off.
  • Current The second anode T1 and the control electrode G, the diode D6, the resistor R4, the position sensor 20, the resistor R2, and the stator coil 16 are sequentially flowed through the bidirectional thyristor 26.
  • the triac 26 is turned back on, and the two nodes A and B are short-circuited again, the resistors R1 and R2 do not consume power, and the position sensor 20 stops outputting because there is no supply voltage.
  • a large reverse current flows through the stator coil 16, and since the rotor magnetic field is South at this time, the rotor 14 continues to be driven in the clockwise direction.
  • the first Zener diode Z1 and the second Zener diode Z2 are turned on, so there is a voltage output between the two output terminals C and D of the rectifier 28.
  • the alternating current power source enters the positive half cycle again, and the bidirectional thyristor 26 current is turned off by zero, after which the control circuit voltage is gradually increased.
  • the voltage gradually increases a current flows in the rectifier 28, the output terminal H1 of the position sensor 20 outputs a low level, and there is no driving current between the gate G of the triac 26 and the second anode T1, so the triac 26 shuts down. Since the current flowing through the stator coil 16 is small, substantially no driving force is generated to the rotor 14.
  • the power supply is positive, the position sensor outputs a low level, the triac thyristor 26 maintains the off state after the current crosses zero, and the rotor continues to rotate in the clockwise direction under the action of inertia.
  • the rotor can be accelerated to synchronize with the stator magnetic field with only one rotation.
  • the circuit of the embodiment of the invention can ensure that the motor is started in a fixed direction every time the power is turned on.
  • the impeller driven by the rotor can be curved, which improves the efficiency of the fan and pump.
  • the embodiment of the present invention utilizes a triac to maintain conduction even after no conduction current after conduction, and prevents the resistors R1 and R2 of the rectifier 28 from consuming power after the triac is turned on, thereby enabling comparison. Greatly improve the efficiency of power utilization.
  • FIG 7 shows another embodiment of the motor circuit of Figure 2.
  • the stator winding 16 of the motor and the AC power source 24 are connected in series between the two pins 21 of the integrated circuit 18.
  • the two nodes A and B are respectively connected to the two pins 21.
  • the first anode T2 and the second anode T1 of the triac 26 are connected to the two nodes A, B, respectively.
  • the rectifier 28 is connected in parallel with the three-terminal thyristor 26 between the two nodes A, B.
  • the rectifier 28 converts the alternating current between the two nodes A, B to low voltage direct current, preferably between 3 and 18 volts.
  • the rectifier 28 includes a first resistor R1 and a full-wave rectifier bridge connected in series between the two nodes A, B.
  • First resistance R1 can be used as a buck, the full-wave rectifier bridge includes two rectifying branches in parallel, and one rectifying branch includes a first diode D1 and a third diode D3 connected in reverse series, and another rectifying branch
  • the circuit includes a reverse voltage series Zener diode Z2 and a fourth Zener diode Z4, and a connection point of the cathode of the first diode D1 and the cathode of the third diode D3 forms a higher voltage output terminal of the rectifier 28 C, the junction of the anode of the second Zener diode Z2 and the anode of the fourth Zener diode Z4 forms the lower voltage output D of the rectifier 28.
  • the two output terminals C and D are connected to the power supply positive terminal and the power supply negative terminal of the position sensor 20, respectively.
  • the switch control circuit 30 includes a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, and a fifth diode D5 and a sixth in reverse series connection between the output terminal H1 of the position sensor 20 and the gate electrode G of the controllable bidirectional AC switch 26.
  • Diode D6 Diode D6.
  • the cathodes of the fifth diode D5 and the sixth diode D6 are respectively connected to the output terminal H1 of the position sensor and the control electrode G of the controllable bidirectional AC switch.
  • One end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the higher voltage output terminal C of the rectifier, and the other end is connected to the connection point of the anodes of the fifth diode D5 and the sixth diode D6. Both ends of the fourth resistor R4 are connected to the cathodes of the fifth diode D5 and the sixth diode D6, respectively.
  • Figure 8 illustrates another embodiment of the motor circuit of Figure 2.
  • the rectifier diodes Z2 and Z4 of FIG. 7 are replaced by the ordinary diodes D2 and D4 in the rectifier of FIG.
  • a Zener diode Z7 as a voltage regulator is connected between the two output terminals C and D of the rectifier 28 in FIG.
  • FIG 9 illustrates another embodiment of the motor circuit of Figure 2.
  • the stator winding 16 of the motor and the AC power source 24 are connected in series between the two pins 21 of the integrated circuit 18.
  • the two nodes A and B are respectively connected to the two pins 21.
  • the first anode T2 and the second anode T1 of the triac 26 are connected to the two nodes A, B, respectively.
  • the rectifier 28 is connected in parallel with the three-terminal thyristor 26 between the two nodes A, B.
  • the rectifier 28 converts the alternating current between the two nodes A, B to low voltage direct current, preferably between 3 and 18 volts.
  • the rectifier 28 includes a first resistor R1 and a full-wave rectifier bridge connected in series between the two nodes A, B.
  • the first resistor R1 can function as a buck, the full-wave rectifier bridge comprising two rectifying branches in parallel, wherein one rectifying branch comprises two silicon controlled rectifiers S1 and S3 connected in reverse series, and the other rectifying branch comprises Reverse series The second diode D2 and the fourth diode D4.
  • the junction of the cathodes of the two silicon controlled rectifiers S1 and S3 forms the higher voltage output C of the rectifier 28, and the junction of the anode of the second diode D2 and the anode of the fourth diode D4 forms the lower of the rectifier 28 Voltage output D.
  • the two output terminals C and D are connected to the positive and negative power terminals of the position sensor 20, respectively.
  • the switch control circuit 30 includes a third resistor R3, an NPN transistor T6, and a fourth resistor R4 and a fifth diode D5 connected in series between the output terminal H1 of the position sensor 20 and the gate electrode G of the controllable bidirectional AC switch 26.
  • the cathode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the output terminal H1 of the position sensor.
  • One end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the higher voltage output terminal C of the rectifier, and the other end is connected to the output terminal H1 of the position sensor.
  • the base of the NPN transistor T6 is connected to the output terminal H1 of the position sensor, the emitter is connected to the anode of the fifth diode D5, and the collector is connected to the higher voltage output terminal C of the rectifier.
  • a reference voltage can be input to the cathodes of the two silicon controlled rectifiers S1 and S3 through the terminal SC1, and a control signal can be input to the control terminals of S1 and S3 through the terminal SC2.
  • a control signal can be input to the control terminals of S1 and S3 through the terminal SC2.
  • the control signal input to the terminal SC2 can be changed from a high level to a low level, so that S1 and S3 remain turned off.
  • the triac 26, the conversion circuit 28, and the position sensor 20 are both turned off. Power off, to ensure that the entire circuit is in zero power consumption.
  • FIG. 10 shows a circuit schematic of a single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor 10 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the stator winding 16 of the motor and an integrated circuit 18 are connected in series at both ends of the AC power source 24.
  • a driver circuit for the motor is integrated in the integrated circuit 18, and the drive circuit can cause the motor to start in a fixed direction each time the power is applied.
  • the driving circuit of the motor is packaged in the integrated circuit, which can reduce the circuit cost and improve the reliability of the circuit.
  • the rectifier, the detection circuit, the switch control circuit, and the controllable bidirectional AC switch may be integrated into the integrated circuit in whole or in part according to actual conditions, for example, as shown in FIG. Only the detection circuit, the switch control circuit, and the controllable bidirectional AC switch are integrated in the circuit, and the rectifier is disposed outside the integrated circuit.
  • the step-down circuit 32 and the bidirectional controllable AC switch 26 are disposed outside the integrated circuit, and the rectifier is integrated in the integrated circuit (which may include only the rectifier bridge Does not include step-down resistors or other buck components), detection circuits and switch control circuits.
  • the low power portion is integrated in the integrated circuit
  • the step-down circuit 32 and the bidirectional controllable AC switch 26, which are high power portions, are disposed outside the integrated circuit.
  • the buck circuit 32 can also be integrated into the integrated circuit with the bidirectional controllable AC switch disposed outside of the integrated circuit.
  • FIG 13 shows a water pump 50 to which the above-described electric motor is applied, the water pump 50 including a pump casing 54 having a pump chamber 52, an inlet 56 and an outlet 58 communicating with the pump chamber, and an impeller rotatably disposed in the pump chamber 60. and a motor assembly for driving the impeller.
  • Figure 14 shows a fan to which the above described motor is applied. The fan includes a blade 70 that is driven directly or indirectly by the motor output shaft.
  • the single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor of the embodiment of the invention can ensure that the motor starts to rotate in a fixed direction every time the motor is energized.
  • the impeller/fan driven by the rotor can be used with curved blades to increase the efficiency of the fan and pump.
  • the drive circuit of the present invention is applicable not only to single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors, but also to other types of permanent magnet motors such as single-phase brushless DC motors.

Abstract

一种电机组件及用于电机驱动的集成电路（18）。电机组件包括可由交流电源（24）供电的电机（10）及电机驱动电路。电机包括定子和可相对定子旋转的转子（11）。定子包括定子铁芯（12）及缠绕于定子铁芯的定子绕组（16）。驱动电路包括一集成电路及与集成电路连接的可控双向交流开关（26）。可控双向交流开关与定子绕组串联于被配置为连接交流电源的两个端子之间。集成电路中集成有整流器（28）、检测电路（20）及开关控制电路（30）至少其中两个。开关控制电路被配置为依据交流电源的极性和检测电路的转子磁场的极性，控制可控双向交流开关以预定方式在导通与截止状态之间切换。因此集成电路可保证电机每次通电时沿固定方向启动旋转。

Description

电机组件及用于电机驱动的集成电路 技术领域
本发明涉及电机的驱动电路，尤其涉及适用于驱动单相永磁同步电机的集成电路。
背景技术
同步电机在起动过程中，定子的电磁体产生交变磁场，相当于一个正转一个反转磁场的合成磁场，这磁场拖动永磁转子发生偏摆振荡，如果转子的偏摆振荡幅度不断增加，最终可使转子向某一方向的旋转迅速加速至与定子的交变磁场同步。传统同步电机，为确保起动，电机的起动转矩设置通常较大，导致电机在工作点上运行效率较低。另一方面，由于交流电起始通电的极性以及永磁转子停止位置不固定，无法保证转子每次起动都沿同一个方向定向旋转，因此，在风扇、水泵等应用中，受转子驱动的叶轮通常采用低效率的直型径向叶片，导致风扇、水泵等本身的运行效率也较低。
发明内容
本发明的实施例提供一种电机组件，包括可由交流电源供电的电机及电机驱动电路。电机包括定子和可相对定子旋转的转子。定子包括定子铁芯及缠绕于定子铁芯上的定子绕组。驱动电路包括一集成电路及与集成电路连接的可控双向交流开。可控双向交流开关与定子绕组串联于被配置为连接交流电源的两个端子之间。集成电路中集成有整流器、检测电路及开关控制电路至少其中两个。整流器用于产生至少提供给检测电路的直流电压。检测电路用于检测转子的磁场极性。开关控制电路被配置为依据交流电源的极性和检测电路检测的转子磁场的极性，控制可控双向交流开关以预定方式在导通与 截止状态之间切换。
较佳的，所述开关控制电路被配置为仅在所述交流电源为正半周期且检测电路检测到转子磁场为第一极性、以及所述交流电源为负半周期且检测电路检测的转子磁场为与第一极性相反的第二极性时使所述可控双向交流开关导通。
较佳的，所述驱动电路还包括与所述整流器连接的降压器。
较佳的，所述整流器和降压器连接于两个节点之间形成一支路，所述双向交流开关与所述支路并联。
较佳的，所述驱动电路还包括用于稳定所述直流电压的稳压器，所述整流器、降压器、稳压器、检测电路、开关控制电路均被集成在所述集成电路内。
可选的，所述整流器集成在所述集成电路内，所述降压器设于所述集成电路外部。
较佳的，所述集成电路内还集成有用于稳定所述直流电压的稳压器。
较佳的，所述可控双向交流开关为三端双向晶闸管。
较佳的，所述检测电路中设有磁传感器，所述集成电路靠近所述转子安装以使所述磁传感器能感知所述转子的磁场极性及变化。
可选的，所述检测电路中不设磁传感器。
较佳的，所述驱动电路中不设微处理器。
较佳的，所述电机组件不设印刷电路板。
较佳的，所述电机为单相永磁同步电机，所述转子包括至少一块永磁铁，所述定子与永磁转子之间形成不均匀磁路，使所述永磁转子在静止时其极轴相对于定子的中心轴偏移一个角度，所述定子绕组通电后所述转子在稳态阶段以60f/p圈/分钟的转速恒速运行，其中f是所述交流电源的频率，p是所述 转子的极对数。
本发明另一方面提供一种用于电机驱动的集成电路，包括：壳体、自所述壳体伸出的若干引脚、以及设于半导体基片上的开关控制电路，所述半导体基片和开关控制电路被封装于所述壳体内，所述开关控制电路被配置为依据所述电机的转子磁场极性信息产生用于控制一双向交流开关导通或截止的控制信号，以控制所述电机的通电方式。
较佳的，所述半导体基片上还集成有用于检测所述电机的转子磁场极性的检测电路。
较佳的，所述半导体基片上还集成有可产生至少提供给所述检测电路的直流电压的整流器。
较佳的，所述半导体基片上还集成有用于稳定所述直流电压的稳压器。
较佳的，所述双向交流开关被封装在所述壳体内。
较佳的，所述集成电路中不设微处理器。
较佳的，所述集成电路的引脚不超过四个。
本发明实施例的电路可保证电机每次通电时沿固定方向启动旋转。在风机、水泵等应用中，可允许受转子驱动的风扇、叶轮采用弯曲型叶片，从而提高风机、水泵的效率。另外，通过将电机的驱动电路全部或部分封装在集成电路中，可降低电路成本，并提高电路的可靠性。
附图说明
附图中：
图1示出依据本发明一实施例的单相永磁同步电机；
图2示出依据本发明一实施例的单相永磁同步电机的电路原理图；
图3示出图2中的集成电路的一种实现方式的电路框图；
图4示出图2中的集成电路的另一种实现方式的电路框图；
图5示出图2的电机电路的一种实施例；
图6示出图5中电机电路的波形图；
图7至图9分别示出图2的电机电路的其他几种实施例；
图10示出依据本发明另一实施例的单相永磁同步电机的电路原理图；
图11示出图10中的集成电路的一种实现方式的电路框图；
图12示出依据本发明另一实施例的单相永磁同步电机的电路原理图；
图13所示为应用上述电机的水泵；
图14所示为应用上述电机的风机。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，通过对本发明的具体实施方式详细描述，将使本发明的技术方案及其他有益效果显而易见。可以理解，附图仅提供参考与说明用，并非用来对本发明加以限制。附图中显示的尺寸仅仅是为便于清晰描述，而并不限定比例关系。
图1示出依据本发明一实施例的单相永磁同步电机。所述同步电机10包括定子和可相对定子旋转的转子11。定子具有定子铁心12及绕设于定子铁心12上的定子绕组16。定子铁心可由纯铁、铸铁、铸钢、电工钢、硅钢等软磁材料制成。转子11具有永磁铁，定子绕组16与一交流电源串联时转子11在稳态阶段以60f/p圈/分钟的转速恒速运行，其中f是所述交流电源的频率，p是转子的极对数。本实施例中，定子铁心12具有两相对的极部14。每一极部14具有极弧面15，转子11的外表面与极弧面15相对，两者之间形成基本均匀气隙13。本申请所称基本均匀的气隙，是指定子与转子之间大部分形成均匀气隙，只有较少部分为非均匀气隙。较佳的，定子极部的极弧面15上设内凹的起动槽17，极弧面15上除起动槽17以外的部分则与转子同心。上述配置可形成不 均匀磁场，保证转子在静止时其极轴S1(示于图5)相对于定子极部14的中心轴S2倾斜一个角度，允许电机在驱动电路的作用下每次通电时转子可以具有起动转矩。其中转子的极轴S1指转子两个极性不同的磁极之间的分界线，定子极部14的中心轴S2指经过定子两个极部14中心的连线。本实施例中，定子和转子均具有两个磁极。可以理解的，在更多实施例中，定子和转子的磁极数也可以不相等，且具有更多磁极，例如四个、六个等。
图2示出依据本发明一实施例的单相永磁同步电机10的电路原理图。其中，电机的定子绕组16和一集成电路18串联于交流电源24两端。集成电路18中集成有电机的驱动电路，该驱动电路可使电机在每次通电时均沿着一固定方向起动。
图3示出集成电路18的一种实现方式。包括壳体19、自壳体19伸出的两个引脚21、以及封装于壳体内的驱动电路，所述驱动电路设于半导体基片上，包括用于检测电机的转子磁场极性的检测电路20、连接于两个引脚21之间的可控双向交流开关26、以及开关控制电路30，开关控制电路30被配置为依据检测电路20检测的转子磁场极性，控制可控双向交流开关30以预定方式在导通与截止状态之间切换。
较佳的，开关控制电路30被配置为仅在交流电源24为正半周期且检测电路20检测到转子磁场为第一极性、以及交流电源24为负半周期且检测电路20检测的转子磁场为与第一极性相反的第二极性时使可控双向交流开关26导通。该配置可使定子绕组16在电机起动阶段仅沿着一固定方向拖动转子。
图4示出集成电路18的另一种实现方式，与图3的区别主要在于，图4的集成电路还设有整流器28，与可控双向交流开关26并联于两个引脚21之间，可以产生直流电提供给检测电路20。本例中，检测电路20较佳的为磁传感器(也称为位置传感器)，集成电路靠近转子安装以使磁传感器能感知转子的磁场变化。可以理解，在更多实现方式中，检测电路20也可以不设磁传感器， 而通过其他方式实现对转子的磁场变化的检测。本发明实施例中，通过将电机的驱动电路全部封装在集成电路中，可降低电路成本，并提高电路的可靠性。此外，电机可不使用印刷电路板，只需要将集成电路固定在适合的位置后通过导线与电机的线组及电源连接。
本发明实施例中，定子绕组16与交流电源24串联于两节点A、B之间。交流电源24较佳的可以是市电交流电源，具有例如50赫兹或60赫兹的固定频率，电流电压例如可以是110伏、220伏、230伏等。可控双向交流开关26与串联的定子绕组16和交流电源24并联于两节点A、B之间。可控双向交流开关26较佳的为三端双向晶闸管(TRIAC)，其两个阳极分别连接两个引脚21。可以理解，可控双向交流开关26也可例如由反向并联的两个单向晶闸管实现，并设置对应的控制电路以按照预定方式控制这两个单向晶闸管。整流器28与开关26并联于两个引脚21之间。整流器28将两个引脚21之间的交流电转换为低压直流电。检测电路20可由整流器28输出的低压直流电供电，用于检测同步电机10的永磁转子11的磁极位置，并输出相应信号。开关控制电路30与整流器28、检测电路20和可控双向交流开关26连接，被配置为依据检测电路20检测的转子磁极位置信息和从整流器28获取的交流电源24的极性信息，控制可控双向交流开关26以预定方式在导通与截止状态之间切换，使定子绕组16在电机起动阶段仅沿着前述的固定起动方向拖动转子14旋转。本发明中，当可控双向交流开关26导通时，两个引脚21被短路，整流器28因无电流流过而不再耗电，因此能够较大幅度地提高电能利用效率。
图5示出图2中电机电路的一种实施例。其中，电机的定子绕组16与交流电源24串联于集成电路18的两个引脚21之间。两节点A、B分别与两个引脚21连接。三端双向晶闸管26的第一阳极T2和第二阳极T1分别连接两节点A、B。整流器28与三端双向晶闸管26并联于两节点A、B之间。整流器28将两节点A、B之间的交流电转换为低压直流电(较佳的为3伏到18伏之间)。转换 电路28包括分别经第一电阻R1和第二电阻R2反向并接于两节点A、B之间的第一稳压二极管Z1和第二稳压二极管Z2。第一电阻R1与第一稳压二极管Z1的阴极的连接点形成整流器28的较高电压输出端C，第二电阻R2与第二稳压二极管Z2的阳极的连接点形成整流器28的较低电压输出端D。电压输出端C和D分别连接位置传感器20的正、负电源端子。开关控制电路30通过三个端子分别连接整流器28的较高电压输出端C、位置传感器20的输出端H1以及三端双向晶闸管26的控制极G。开关控制电路30包括第三电阻R3、第五二极管D5、以及串联于位置传感器20的输出端H1与可控双向交流开关26的控制极G之间的第四电阻R4和第六二极管D6。第六二极管D6的阳极连接可控双向交流开关的控制极G。第三电阻R3一端连接整流器28的较高电压输出端C，另一端连接第五二极管D5的阳极。第五二极管D5的阴极连接可控双向交流开关26的控制极G。
结合图6，对上述电路的工作原理进行描述。图6中Vac表示交流电源24的电压波形，Iac表示流过定子线圈16的电流波形。由于定子线圈16的电感性，电流波形Iac滞后于电压波形Vac。V1表示稳压二极管Z1两端的电压波形，V2表示稳压二极管Z2两端的电压波形，Vcd表示整流器28的两输出端C、D之间的电压波形，Ha表示位置传感器20的输出端H1的信号波形，Hb表示位置传感器20所检测的转子磁场。本例中，位置传感器20被正常供电的情况下，检测的转子磁场为北极(North)时其输出端H1输出逻辑高电平，检测到南极(South)时其输出端H1输出逻辑低电平。
位置传感器20检测的转子磁场Hb为North时，在交流电源的第一个正半周，从时间t0到t1电源电压逐渐增大，位置传感器20的输出端H1输出高电平，电流依次经过电阻R1、电阻R3、二极管D5、以及双向晶闸管26的控制极G和第二阳极T1。当流过控制极G与电极T1的驱动电流大于门极触发电流Ig 时，双向晶闸管26导通。双向晶闸管26导通后将A、B两个节点短路，因此电机的定子线圈16中电流逐渐增大，直至有较大的正向电流流过，驱动转子14沿图3所示的顺时针方向转动。由于A、B两点被短路，在时间t1与t2之间，整流器28中无电流流过，因此电阻R1和R2不耗电，位置传感器20因无供电电压而停止输出。而双向晶闸管26由于流过其两个阳极T1和T2之间的电流足够大(高于其维持电流Ihold)，因此，在控制极G与第二阳极T1之间无驱动电流的情况下，双向晶闸管26仍保持导通。在交流电源的负半周，在时间点t3之后T1、T2之间的电流小于维持电流Ihold，双向晶闸管26关断，整流器28中开始有电流流过，位置传感器20的输出端H1重新输出高电平。因C点电位低于E点电位，双向晶闸管26的控制极G与第二阳极T1之间无驱动电流，因此双向晶闸管26保持关断。由于整流器28中电阻R1和R2的阻值远大于电机定子线圈16的电阻值，此时流过定子线圈16的电流值远小于时间段t1与t2之间流过定子线圈16的电流值，对转子14基本不产生驱动力，因此，转子14在惯性作用下继续沿顺时针方向转动。在交流电源的第二个正半周，与第一个正半周相同，电流依次经过电阻R1、电阻R3、二极管D5、以及双向晶闸管26的控制极G和第二阳极T1，双向晶闸管26重新导通，流过定子线圈16的电流继续驱动转子14沿顺时针方向转动，同样的，A、B两节点被短路因此电阻R1和R2不耗电；到电源负半周，双向晶闸管26的两个阳极T1、T2之间的电流小于维持电流Ihold时，双向晶闸管26再次关断，转子在惯性作用下继续沿顺时针方向转动。
时间点t4，位置传感器20所检测的转子磁场Hb由North变为South，此时交流电源仍在其正半周，且双向晶闸管26已经导通，将A、B两点短路，整流器28中无电流流过。交流电源进入负半周后，流过双向晶闸管26的两个阳极T1、T2的电流逐渐减小，在时间点t5，双向晶闸管26被关断。随后电流 依次流过双向晶闸管26的第二阳极T1和控制极G、二极管D6、电阻R4、位置传感器20、电阻R2和定子线圈16。随着驱动电流逐渐增大，在时间点t6，双向晶闸管26重新导通，将A、B两个节点再次短路，电阻R1和R2不耗电，位置传感器20因无供电电压而停止输出。定子线圈16中有较大反向电流流过，由于此时转子磁场为South，因此转子14继续沿着顺时针方向被驱动。在时间点t5与t6之间，第一稳压二极管Z1和第二稳压二极管Z2导通，因此整流器28的两输出端C、D之间有电压输出。在时间点t7，交流电源再次进入正半周，双向晶闸管26电流过零关断，在这之后控制电路电压逐渐增加。随着电压逐渐增大，整流器28中开始有电流流过，位置传感器20的输出端H1输出为低电平，双向晶闸管26的控制极G与第二阳极T1之间无驱动电流，因此双向晶闸管26关断。由于流过定子线圈16的电流很小，因此对转子14基本不产生驱动力。在时间点t8，电源为正，位置传感器输出低电平，双向晶闸管26电流过零后维持关断状态，转子在惯性作用下继续沿顺时针方向转动。依据本发明，定子线圈通电后，转子只需旋转一圈即可加速至与定子磁场同步。
本发明实施例的电路可保证电机每次通电时沿固定方向启动。在风扇、水泵等应用中，可使受转子驱动的叶轮采用弯曲型叶片，从而提高风扇、水泵的效率。另外，本发明实施例利用三端双向晶闸管在导通后即使无驱动电流也可保持导通的特点，避免整流器28的电阻R1和R2在三端双向晶闸管导通后仍然耗电，因此能够较大幅度地提高电能利用效率。
图7示出图2中电机电路的另一种实施例。其中，电机的定子绕组16与交流电源24串联于集成电路18的两个引脚21之间。两节点A、B分别与两个引脚21连接。三端双向晶闸管26的第一阳极T2和第二阳极T1分别连接两节点A、B。整流器28与三端双向晶闸管26并联于两节点A、B之间。整流器28将两节点A、B之间的交流电转换为低压直流电，较佳的为3伏到18伏之间。整流器28包括串联于两节点A、B之间的第一电阻R1和全波整流桥。第一电阻 R1可作为降压器，所述全波整流桥包括并联的两个整流支路，其中一个整流支路包括反向串联的第一二极管D1和第三二极管D3，另一个整流支路包括反向串联的第稳压二极管Z2和第四稳压二极管Z4，所述第一二极管D1的阴极和第三二极管D3的阴极的连接点形成整流器28的较高电压输出端C，第二稳压二极管Z2的阳极和第四稳压二极管Z4的阳极的连接点形成整流器28的较低电压输出端D。两个输出端C和D分别连接位置传感器20的电源正端和电源负端。开关控制电路30包括第三电阻R3、第四电阻R4、以及反向串联于位置传感器20的输出端H1与可控双向交流开关26的控制极G之间的第五二极管D5和第六二极管D6。第五二极管D5和第六二极管D6的阴极分别连接位置传感器的输出端H1和可控双向交流开关的控制极G。第三电阻R3一端连接整流器的较高电压输出端C，另一端连接第五二极管D5和第六二极管D6的阳极的连接点。第四电阻R4的两端分别连接第五二极管D5和第六二极管D6的阴极。
图8示出图2中电机电路的另一种实施例。与前一实施例区别之处在于，图8的整流器中由普通二极管D2和D4代替图7中的稳压二极管Z2和Z4。此外，图8中整流器28的两输出端C、D之间接有作为稳压器的稳压二极管Z7。
图9示出图2中电机电路的另一种实施例。其中，电机的定子绕组16与交流电源24串联于集成电路18的两个引脚21之间。两节点A、B分别与两个引脚21连接。三端双向晶闸管26的第一阳极T2和第二阳极T1分别连接两节点A、B。整流器28与三端双向晶闸管26并联于两节点A、B之间。整流器28将两节点A、B之间的交流电转换为低压直流电，较佳的为3伏到18伏之间。整流器28包括串联于两节点A、B之间的第一电阻R1和全波整流桥。第一电阻R1可作为降压器，所述全波整流桥包括并联的两个整流支路，其中一个整流支路包括反向串联的两个硅控整流器S1和S3，另一个整流支路包括反向串联 的第二二极管D2和第四二极管D4。两个硅控整流器S1和S3的阴极的连接点形成整流器28的较高电压输出端C，第二二极管D2的阳极和第四二极管D4的阳极的连接点形成整流器28的较低电压输出端D。两个输出端C和D分别连接位置传感器20的正、负电源端子。开关控制电路30包括第三电阻R3、NPN三极管T6、以及串联于位置传感器20的输出端H1与可控双向交流开关26的控制极G之间的第四电阻R4和第五二极管D5。第五二极管D5的阴极连接位置传感器的输出端H1。第三电阻R3一端连接整流器的较高电压输出端C，另一端连接位置传感器的输出端H1。NPN三极管T6的基极连接位置传感器的输出端H1，发射极连接第五二极管D5的阳极，集电极连接整流器的较高电压输出端C。
本实施例中，可以通过端子SC1给两个硅控整流器S1和S3的阴极输入一个参考电压，通过端子SC2给S1和S3的控制端输入控制信号。当端子SC2输入的控制信号为高电平时，S1和S3导通，当端子SC2输入的控制信号为低电平时，S1和S3关断。依据这一配置，在电路正常工作情况下，可使端子SC2输入高电平使S1和S3按预定方式在导通和关断之间切换。当发生故障需要停止电机时，可将端子SC2输入的控制信号由高电平变为低电平，使S1和S3保持关断，此时，双向晶闸管26、转换电路28、以及位置传感器20均断电，保证整个电路处于零耗电状态。
图10示出依据本发明另一实施例的单相永磁同步电机10的电路原理图。其中，电机的定子绕组16和一集成电路18串联于交流电源24两端。集成电路18中集成有电机的驱动电路，该驱动电路可使电机在每次通电时均沿着一固定方向起动。本发明中，将电机的驱动电路封装在集成电路中，可降低电路成本，并提高电路的可靠性。
本发明中，可视实际情况，将整流器、检测电路、开关控制电路、可控双向交流开关全部或部分集成在集成电路中，例如，可以如图3所示，在集成 电路中仅集成检测电路、开关控制电路、可控双向交流开关，而将整流器设于集成电路外部。
再例如，还可以如图10和图11的实施例所示，将降压电路32与双向可控交流开关26设于集成电路之外，而在集成电路中集成整流器(可仅包括整流桥而不包括降压电阻或其他降压元件)、检测电路和开关控制电路。本实施例中，将低功率部分集成在集成电路中，而将作为高功率部分的降压电路32和双向可控交流开关26设在集成电路之外。在图12所示的另一实施例中，也可将降压电路32也集成在集成电路中，而将双向可控交流开关设于集成电路之外。
图13所示为应用上述电机的水泵50，所述水泵50包括具有泵室52的泵壳54、与所述泵室相通的入口56和出口58、可旋转地设于所述泵室内的叶轮60、以及用于驱动所述叶轮的电机组件。图14所示为应用上述电机的风机，风机包括扇叶70，受电机输出轴直接或间接驱动。
本发明实施例的单相永磁同步电机可保证电机每次通电时沿固定方向启动旋转。在风机如排气扇、油烟机等和水泵如循环泵、排水泵等应用中，可允许受转子驱动的叶轮/风扇采用弯曲型叶片，从而提高风机、水泵的效率。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。例如，本发明的驱动电路不仅适用于单相永磁同步电机，也适用于其他类型的永磁电机如单相直流无刷电机。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种电机组件，包括可由一交流电源供电的电机及电机驱动电路，所述电机包括定子和可相对定子旋转的转子，所述定子包括定子铁芯及缠绕于定子铁芯上的定子绕组，所述驱动电路包括一集成电路及与所述集成电路连接的可控双向交流开关，所述可控双向交流开关与所述定子绕组串联于被配置为连接所述交流电源的两个端子之间，所述集成电路中集成有整流器、检测电路及开关控制电路至少其中两个，所述整流器用于产生至少提供给所述检测电路的直流电压，所述检测电路用于检测所述转子的磁场极性，所述开关控制电路被配置为依据所述交流电源的极性和所述检测电路检测的转子磁场的极性，控制所述可控双向交流开关以预定方式在导通与截止状态之间切换。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电机组件，其特征在于，所述开关控制电路被配置为仅在所述交流电源为正半周期且检测电路检测到转子磁场为第一极性、以及所述交流电源为负半周期且检测电路检测的转子磁场为与第一极性相反的第二极性时使所述可控双向交流开关导通。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的电机组件，其特征在于，所述驱动电路还包括与所述整流器连接的降压器。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的电机组件，其特征在于，所述整流器和降压器连接于两个节点之间形成一支路，所述双向交流开关与所述支路并联。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的电机组件，其特征在于，所述驱动电路还包括用于稳定所述直流电压的稳压器，所述整流器、降压器、稳压器、检测电路、开关控制电路均被集成在所述集成电路内。
  6. 如权利要求3所述的电机组件，其特征在于，所述整流器集成在所述集成电路内，所述降压器设于所述集成电路外部。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的电机组件，其特征在于，所述集成电路内还集成有用于稳定所述直流电压的稳压器。
  8. 如权利要求1至7任一项所述的电机组件，其特征在于，所述可控双向交流开关为三端双向晶闸管。
  9. 如权利要求1至7任一项所述的电机组件，其特征在于，所述检测电路中设有磁传感器，所述集成电路靠近所述转子安装以使所述磁传感器能感知所述转子的磁场极性及变化。
  10. 如权利要求1至7任一项所述的电机组件，其特征在于，所述检测电路中不设磁传感器。
  11. 如权利要求1至7任一项所述的电机组件，其特征在于，所述驱动电路中不设微处理器。
  12. 如权利要求1至7任一项所述的电机组件，其特征在于，所述电机组件不设印刷电路板。
  13. 如权利要求1至7任一项所述的电机组件，其特征在于，所述电机为单相永磁同步电机，所述转子包括至少一块永磁铁，所述定子与永磁转子之间形成不均匀磁路，使所述永磁转子在静止时其极轴相对于定子的中心轴偏移一个角度，所述定子绕组通电后所述转子在稳态阶段以60f/p圈/分钟的转速恒速运行，其中f是所述交流电源的频率，p是所述转子的极对数。
  14. 一种用于电机驱动的集成电路，包括：壳体、自所述壳体伸出的若干引脚、以及设于半导体基片上的开关控制电路，所述半导体基片和开关控制电路被封装于所述壳体内，所述开关控制电路被配置为依据所述电机的转子磁场极性信息产生用于控制一双向交流开关导通或截止的控制信号，以控制所述电机的通电方式。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的集成电路，其特征在于，所述半导体基片上还 集成有用于检测所述电机的转子磁场极性的检测电路。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的集成电路，其特征在于，所述半导体基片上还集成有可产生至少提供给所述检测电路的直流电压的整流器。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的集成电路，其特征在于，所述半导体基片上还集成有用于稳定所述直流电压的稳压器。
  18. 如权利要求14所述的集成电路，其特征在于，所述双向交流开关被封装在所述壳体内。
  19. 如权利要求14所述的集成电路，其特征在于，所述集成电路中不设微处理器。
  20. 如权利要求14至19任一项所述的集成电路，其特征在于，所述集成电路的引脚不超过四个。
  21. 一种泵，包括具有泵室的泵壳、与所述泵室相通的入口和出口、可旋转地设于所述泵室内的叶轮、以及用于驱动所述叶轮的电机组件，所述电机组件具有如权利要求1至13任一项所述的特征。
  22. 一种风机，包括扇叶以及用于驱动所述扇叶的电机组件，其特征在于，所述电机组件具有如权利要求1至13任一项所述的特征。
PCT/CN2015/086422 2014-08-08 2015-08-07 电机组件及用于电机驱动的集成电路 WO2016019921A1 (zh)

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