US20170149312A1

US20170149312A1 - Motor component and integrated circuit for driving motor

Info

Publication number: US20170149312A1
Application number: US15/426,599
Authority: US
Inventors: Yue Li; Chi Ping SUN; Bao Ting Liu; En Hui Wang; Fei Xin; Shing Hin Yeung; Xiu Wen YANG; Li Sheng Liu; Yan Yun CUI; Shu Juan HUANG
Original assignee: Johnson Electric SA
Current assignee: Johnson Electric SA
Priority date: 2014-08-08
Filing date: 2017-02-07
Publication date: 2017-05-25
Also published as: US20160359439A1; EP2983288A1; JP3211139U; TWM542245U; CN205883093U; CN106452211A; JP2016039778A; CN107251405A; JP3211138U; CN106449583A; CN107306517A; CN106443516A; TWM542218U; CN106452227A; CN106452227B; JP2017055639A; CN206211891U; US20160043672A1; JP3210891U; US10439529B2

Abstract

A motor component and an integrated circuit for driving a motor are provided. The integrated circuit includes a housing, pins extended out from the housing, and a switch control circuit disposed on a semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor substrate and the switch control circuit are packaged in the housing. The switch control circuit is configured to generate a control signal for controlling a bidirectional AC switch to be switched on or switched off, based on a magnetic field polarity of a rotor of the motor, to control an energized mode for the motor.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This non-provisional patent application is continuation application of PCT Application No. PCT/CN2015/086422, filed with the Chinese Patent Office on Aug. 7, 2015, which claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 201410390592.2, filed on Aug. 8, 2014, and to Chinese Patent Application No. 201410404474.2, filed on Aug. 15, 2014, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

FIELD

The disclosure relates to a driving circuit for a motor, and in particular to an integrated circuit applied to drive a single-phase permanent magnetic synchronous motor.

BACKGROUND

In a starting process of a synchronous motor, an electromagnet of a stator generates an alternating magnetic field equivalent to a resultant magnetic field of a forward rotating magnetic field and a backward rotating magnetic field, and the alternating magnetic field drags a permanent magnetic rotor to be oscillated with a deflection. Finally the rotation of the rotor in a direction is accelerated rapidly to be synchronized with the alternating magnetic field of the stator if deflection oscillation amplitude of the rotor is increased. To ensure the starting of a conventional synchronous motor, generally a starting torque of the motor is set to be large, and thus the motor operates at a working point with a low efficiency. In addition, the rotor cannot be ensured to rotate in a same direction every time the rotor is started since a stop position of the permanent magnetic rotor and a polarity of an alternating current (AC) in initial energizing are unfixed. Accordingly, in applications such as a fan and a water pump, generally an impeller driven by the rotor has straight radial vanes with a low efficiency, which results in a low operational efficiency of the fan and the water pump.

SUMMARY

A motor component is provided according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
The motor component includes a motor and a driving circuit for the motor which is powered by an alternating current (AC) power supply. The motor includes a stator and a rotor rotatable relative to the stator. The stator includes a stator core and a stator winding wound on the stator core. The driving circuit includes an integrated circuit and a controllable bidirectional AC switch connected to the integrated circuit. The controllable bidirectional AC switch and the stator winding are connected in series between two terminals configured to connect to the AC power supply. At least two of a rectifier, a detecting circuit and a switch control circuit are integrated into the integrated circuit. The rectifier is configured to generate a direct current (DC) voltage at least supplied to the detecting circuit. The detecting circuit is configured to detect a magnetic field polarity of the rotor. The switch control circuit is configured to control the controllable bidirectional AC switch to be switched between a switch-on state and a switch-off state in a preset way, based on a polarity of the AC power supply and the magnetic field polarity of the rotor detected by the detecting circuit.
Preferably, the switch control circuit may be configured to switch on the controllable bidirectional AC switch in a case that the AC power supply is in a positive half cycle and it is detected by the detecting circuit that the magnetic field polarity of the rotor is a first polarity, or in a case that the AC power supply is in a negative half cycle and it is detected by the detecting circuit that the magnetic field polarity of the rotor is a second polarity opposite to the first polarity.
Preferably, the driving circuit may further include a voltage dropper connected to the rectifier.
Preferably, the rectifier and the voltage dropper are connected across two nodes to form a branch, and the controllable bidirectional AC switch is connected in parallel with the branch.
Preferably, the driving circuit may further include a voltage stabilizer configured to stabilize the DC voltage. The rectifier, the voltage stabilizer, the voltage regulator, the detecting circuit and the switch control circuit are integrated into the integrated circuit.
Optionally, the rectifier may be integrated into the integrated circuit, and the voltage dropper may be disposed outside the integrated circuit.
Preferably, a voltage stabilizer configured to stabilize the DC voltage may further be integrated into the integrated circuit.
Preferably, the controllable bidirectional AC switch may be a TRIAC.
Preferably, the detecting circuit may include a magnetic sensor, the integrated circuit may be installed near the rotor and the magnetic sensor is capable of sensing the magnetic field polarity of the rotor and variation of the magnetic field polarity.
Optionally, the detecting circuit may not include a magnetic sensor.
Preferably, the driving circuit may not include a microprocessor.
Preferably, the motor component may not include a printed circuit board (PCB).
Preferably, the motor may be a single-phase permanent magnetic synchronous motor, the rotor includes at least one permanent magnet, a non-uniform magnetic circuit is formed between the stator and the permanent magnetic rotor, and a polar axis of the permanent magnetic rotor has an angular offset relative to a central axis of the stator in a case that the permanent magnetic rotor is at rest, the rotor operates at a constant rotational speed of 60 f/p rpm during a steady state phase after the stator winding is energized, where f is a frequency of the AC power supply and p is the number of pole pairs of the rotor.
In another aspect of the present disclosure, an integrated circuit for driving a motor is provided. The integrated circuit includes: a housing, several pins extended out from the housing, and a switch control circuit disposed on a semiconductor substrate, the semiconductor substrate and the switch control circuit are packaged in the housing, the switch control circuit is configured to generate a control signal for controlling a bidirectional AC switch to be switched on or switched off, based on a magnetic field polarity of a rotor of the motor, to control an energized mode for the motor.
Preferably, a detecting circuit configured to detect the magnetic field polarity of the rotor of the motor may further be integrated into the semiconductor substrate.
Preferably, a rectifier configured to generate a DC voltage at least supplied to the detecting circuit may further be integrated into the semiconductor substrate.
Preferably, a voltage stabilizer configured to stabilize the DC voltage may further be integrated into the semiconductor substrate.
Preferably, the controllable bidirectional AC switch may be packaged in the housing.
Preferably, the integrated circuit may not include a microprocessor.
Preferably, the number of pins of the integrated circuit may be less than four.
With the integrated circuit according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the motor can be ensured to start and rotate in a same direction every time the motor is energized. In applications such as a fan and a water pump, a flabellum and an impeller driven by the rotor may have curved vanes, and thus the efficiency of the fan and the water pump is improved. In addition, all or a part of the driving circuit for the motor are packaged in the integrated circuit, thereby reducing the cost of the circuit and improving the reliability of the circuit.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a single-phase permanent magnetic synchronous motor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a single-phase permanent magnetic synchronous motor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 shows a circuit block diagram of an implementing way of the integrated circuit shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 shows a circuit block diagram of an implementing way of the integrated circuit shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 shows a circuit of the motor shown in FIG. 2 according to an embodiment;

FIG. 6 shows a waveform of the circuit of the motor shown in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 to FIG. 9 show the circuit of the motor shown in FIG. 2 according to other embodiments;

FIG. 10 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a single-phase permanent magnetic synchronous motor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 11 shows a circuit block diagram of an implementing way of the integrated circuit shown in FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a single-phase permanent magnetic synchronous motor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 13 shows a water pump including the above-described motor; and

FIG. 14 shows a fan using including the above-described motor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, particular embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail in conjunction with the drawings, so that technical solutions and other beneficial effects of the present disclosure are apparent. It can be understood that the drawings are provided only for reference and explanation, and are not used to limit the present disclosure. Dimensions shown in the drawings are only for ease of clear description, but are not limited to a proportional relationship.
FIG. 1 shows a single-phase permanent magnetic synchronous motor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The synchronous motor 10 includes a stator and a rotor 11 rotatable relative to the stator. The stator includes a stator core 12 and a stator winding 16 wound on the stator core 12. The stator core may be made of soft magnetic materials such as pure iron, cast iron, cast steel, electrical steel, silicon steel. The rotor 11 includes one or more permanent magnets. The rotor 11 operates at a constant rotational speed of 60 f/p RPM (revolutions per minute) during a steady state phase in a case that the stator winding 16 is connected with an AC power supply in series, where f is a frequency of the AC power supply and p is the number of pole pairs of the rotor. In the embodiment, the stator core 12 includes two poles 14 opposite to each other. Each pole 14 includes a pole arc 15, an outer surface of the rotor 11 is opposite to the pole arc 15, and a substantially uniform air gap 13 is formed between the outer surface of the rotor 11 and the pole arc 15. The “substantially uniform air gap” according to the present disclosure means that a uniform air gap is formed in most space between the stator and the rotor, and a non-uniformed air gap is formed in a small part of the space between the stator and the rotor. Preferably, a starting groove 17 which is concave may be formed in the pole arc 15 of the pole of the stator, and a part of the pole arc 15 rather than the starting groove 17 may be concentric with the rotor. With the configuration described above, the non-uniform magnetic field may be formed, a polar axis S1 of the rotor has an angle of inclination relative to a central axis S2 of the pole 14 of the stator in a case that the rotor is at rest, as shown in FIG. 1, and the rotor may have a starting torque every time the motor is energized under the action of the driving circuit. Specifically, the “pole axis 51 of the rotor” refers to a boundary between two magnetic poles having different polarities, and the “central axis S2 of the pole 14 of the stator” refers to a connection line passing central points of the two poles 14 of the stator. In the embodiment, both the stator and the rotor include two magnetic poles. It can be understood that the number of magnetic poles of the stator may not be equal to the number of magnetic poles of the rotor, and the stator and the rotor may have more magnetic poles, such as 4 or 6 magnetic poles in other embodiments.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a single-phase permanent magnetic synchronous motor 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The stator winding 16 of the motor and the integrated circuit 18 are connected in series across two terminals of the AC power supply 24. The driving circuit for the motor is integrated into the integrated circuit 18, and the driving circuit enables the motor to start in a fixed direction every time the motor is energized.
FIG. 3 shows an implementing way of the integrated circuit 18. The integrated circuit includes a housing 19, two pins 21 extended out from the housing 19, and a driving circuit packaged in the housing 19. The driving circuit is disposed on a semiconductor substrate, and the driving circuit includes a detecting circuit 20 configured to detect a magnetic field polarity of a rotor of the motor, a controllable bidirectional AC switch 26 connected across the two pins 21, and a switch control circuit 30 configured to control the controllable bidirectional AC switch 30 to be switched between a switch-on state and a switch-off state in a preset way, based on the magnetic field polarity of the rotor detected by the detecting circuit 20.
Preferably, the switch control circuit 30 is configured to switch on the controllable bidirectional AC switch 26 in a case that the AC power supply 24 is in a positive half cycle and it is detected by the detecting circuit 20 that the magnetic field polarity of the rotor is a first polarity, or in a case that the AC power supply 24 is in a negative half cycle and it is detected by the detecting circuit 20 that the magnetic field polarity of the rotor is a second polarity opposite to the first polarity. The configuration enables the stator winding 16 to drag the rotor only in a fixed direction in a starting phase of the motor.
FIG. 4 shows an implementing way of the integrated circuit 18. FIG. 4 differs from FIG. 3 in that, the integrated circuit shown in FIG. 4 further includes a rectifier 28, which is connected in parallel with the controllable bidirectional AC switch 26 between the two pins 21, and may generate a DC supplied for the detecting circuit 20. In the embodiment, preferably, the detecting circuit 20 may be a magnetic sensor (may also be referred as a position sensor), and the integrated circuit is installed near the rotor so that the magnetic sensor can sense a magnetic field variation of the rotor. It can be understood that the detecting circuit 20 may not include a magnetic sensor, and the magnetic field variation of the rotor may be detected in other ways in other embodiments. In the embodiment according to the present disclosure, the driving circuit for the motor is packaged in the integrated circuit, and thus the cost of the circuit can be reduced, and the reliability of the circuit can be improved. In addition, the motor may not include a PCB, and it just needs to fix the integrated circuit in a proper position and connect the integrated circuit to a line group and a power supply of the motor via leading wires.
In the embodiment according to the present disclosure, the stator winding 16 and the AC power supply 24 are connected in series between two nodes A and B. Preferably, the AC power supply 24 may be a mains AC power supply with a fixed frequency such as 50 Hz or 60 Hz, and a supply voltage may be, for example, 110V, 220V or 230V. The controllable bidirectional AC switch 26 is connected in parallel with the in series-connected stator winding 16 and AC power supply 24 between the two nodes A and B. Preferably, the controllable bidirectional AC switch 26 may be a TRIAC, of which two anodes are connected to the two pins 21 respectively. It can be understood that the controllable bidirectional AC switch 26 may include two unidirectional thyristors reversely connected in parallel, and a corresponding control circuit may be disposed to control the two unidirectional thyristors in a preset way. The rectifier 28 and the controllable bidirectional AC switch 26 are connected in parallel between the two pins 21. An AC power between the two pins 21 is converted by the rectifier 28 into a low voltage DC power. The detecting circuit 20 may be powered by the low voltage DC power output by the rectifier 28, and be configured to detect the magnetic pole position of the permanent magnetic rotor 11 of the synchronous motor 10 and output a corresponding signal. A switch control circuit 30 is connected to the rectifier 28, the detecting circuit 20 and the controllable bidirectional AC switch 26, and is configured to control the controllable bidirectional AC switch 26 to be switched between a switch-on state and a switch-off state in a preset way, based on the magnetic pole position of the permanent magnetic rotor detected by the detecting circuit 20 and the polarity of the AC power supply 24 from the rectifier 28, such that the stator winding 16 drags the rotor 14 to rotate only in the above-mentioned fixed starting direction in the starting phase of the motor. According to the present disclosure, in a case that the controllable bidirectional AC switch 26 is switched on, the two pins 21 are shorted, and the rectifier 28 does not consume electric energy since there is no current flowing through the rectifier 28, hence, the utilization efficiency of electric energy can be improved significantly.
FIG. 5 shows a circuit of the motor shown in FIG. 2 according to an embodiment. The stator winding 16 of the motor is connected in series with the AC power supply 24 between the two pins 21 of the integrated circuit 18. Two nodes A and B are connected to the two pins 21 respectively. A first anode T2 of the TRIAC 26 is connected to the node A, and a second anode T1 of the TRIAC 26 is connected to the node B. The rectifier 28 is connected in parallel with the TRIAC 26 between the two nodes A and B. An AC power between the two nodes A and B is converted by the rectifier 28 into a low voltage DC power (preferably, the low voltage is in a range from 3V to 18V). The rectifier 28 includes a first zener diode Z1 and a second zener diode Z2 which are reversely connected in parallel respectively via a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2 between the two nodes A and B. A high voltage output terminal C of the rectifier 28 is formed at a connection point of the first resistor R1 and a cathode of the first zener diode Z1, and a low voltage output terminal D of the rectifier 28 is formed at a connection point of the second resistor R2 and an anode of the second zener diode
Z2. The voltage output terminal C is connected to a positive power supply terminal of the position sensor 20, and the low voltage output terminal D is connected to a negative power supply terminal of the position sensor 20. Three terminals of the switch control circuit 30 are connected to the high voltage output terminal C of the rectifier 28, an output terminal H1 of the position sensor 20 and a control electrode G of the TRIAC 26 respectively. The switch control circuit 30 includes a third resistor R3, a fifth diode D5, and a fourth resistor R4 and a sixth diode D6 connected in series between the output terminal H1 of the position sensor 20 and the control electrode G of the controllable bidirectional AC switch 26. An anode of the sixth diode D6 is connected to the control electrode G of the controllable bidirectional AC switch 26. One terminal of the third resistor R3 is connected to the high voltage output terminal C of the rectifier 28, and the other terminal of the third resistor R3 is connected to an anode of the fifth diode D5. A cathode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the control electrode G of the controllable bidirectional AC switch 26.
Referring to FIG. 6, an operational principle of the above-mentioned circuit is described. In FIG. 6, Vac indicates a waveform of a voltage of the AC power supply 24, and Iac indicates a waveform of a current flowing through the stator winding 16. Due to the inductive character of the stator winding 16, the waveform of the current Iac lags behind the waveform of the voltage Vac. V1 indicates a waveform of a voltage between two terminals of the zener diode Z1, V2 indicates a waveform of a voltage between two terminals of the zener diode Z2, Vdc indicates a waveform of a voltage between two output terminals C and D of the rectifier 28, Ha indicates a waveform of a signal output from the output terminal H1 of the position sensor 20, and Hb indicates a rotor magnetic field detected by the position sensor 20.
In this embodiment, in a case that the position sensor 20 is powered normally, the output terminal H1 outputs a logic high level in a case that the detected rotor magnetic field is North, and the output terminal H1 outputs a logic low level in a case that the detected rotor magnetic field is South.
In a case that the rotor magnetic field Hb detected by the position sensor 20 is North, in a first positive half cycle of the AC power supply, a supply voltage is gradually increased in a period of time from a time instant t0 to a time instant t1, the output terminal H1 of the position sensor 20 outputs a high level, and a current flows through the resistor R1, the resistor R3, the diode D5 and the control electrode G and the second anode T1 of the TRIAC 26 sequentially. The TRIAC 26 is switched on in a case that a drive current flowing through the control electrode G and the second anode T1 is greater than a gate triggering current Ig. Once the TRIAC 26 is switched on, the two nodes A and B are shorted, a current flowing through the stator winding 16 in the motor is gradually increased until a large forward current flows through the stator winding 16, and the rotor 14 is driven to rotate clockwise, for example. Since the two nodes A and B are shorted, there is no current flowing through the rectifier 28 in a period of time from the time instant t1 to a time instant t2. Hence, the resistors R1 and R2 do not consume electric energy, and the output of the position sensor 20 is stopped due to no power supply voltage. Since there is a sufficient large current flowing through two anodes T1 and T2 of the TRIAC 26 (which is greater than a holding current Ihold of the TRIAC 26), the TRIAC 26 is kept to be switched on in a case that there is no drive current flowing through the control electrode G and the second anode T1. In a negative half cycle of the AC power supply, after a time instant t3, a current flowing through T1 and T2 is less than the holding current I_hold, the TRIAC 26 is switched off, a current begins to flow through the rectifier 28, and the output terminal H1 of the position sensor 20 outputs a high level again. Since a potential at a point C is lower than a potential at a point E, there is no drive current flowing through the control electrode G and the second anode T1 of the TRIAC 26, and the TRIAC 26 is kept to be switched off. Since the resistances of the resistors R1 and R2 in the rectifier 28 are far greater than the resistance of the stator winding 16 in the motor, a current currently flowing through the stator winding 16 is far less than the current flowing through the stator winding 16 in a period of time from the time instant t1 to the time instant t2, and there is basically no driving force for the rotor 14. Hence, the rotor 14 continues to rotate clockwise due to the inertia effect. In a second positive half cycle of the AC power supply, similar to the first positive half cycle, a current flows through the resistor R1, the resistor R3, the diode D5, and the control electrode G and the second anode T1 of the TRIAC 26 sequentially. The TRIAC 26 is switched on again, the current flowing through the stator winding 16 continues to drive the rotor 14 to rotate clockwise. Similarly, the resistors R1 and R2 do not consume electric energy since the two nodes A and B are shorted. In the negative half cycle of the power supply, in the case the current flowing through the two anodes T1 and T2 of the TRIAC 26 is less than the holding current I_hold, the TRIAC 26 is switched off again, and the rotor continues to rotate clockwise due to the inertia effect.
At a time instant t4, the rotor magnetic field Hb detected by the position sensor 20 changes to be South from North, the AC power supply is in the positive half cycle and the
TRIAC 26 is switched on, the two nodes A and B are shorted, and there is no current flowing through the rectifier 28. After the AC power supply is in the negative half cycle, the current flowing through the two anodes T1 and T2 of the TRIAC 26 is gradually decreased, and the TRIAC 26 is switched off at a time instant t5. Then the current flows through the second anode T1 and the control electrode G of the TRIAC 26, the diode D6, the resistor R4, the position sensor 20, the resistor R2 and the stator winding 16 sequentially. As the drive current is gradually increased, the TRIAC 26 is switched on again at a time instant t6, the two nodes A and B are shorted again, the resistors R1 and R2 do not consume electric energy, and the output of the position sensor 20 is stopped due to no power supply voltage. There is a large reverse current flowing through the stator winding 16, and the rotor 14 continues to be driven clockwise since the rotor magnetic field is South. In a period of time from the time instant t5 to the time instant t6, the first zener diode Z1 and the second zener diode Z2 are switched on, hence, there is a voltage output between the two output terminals C and D of the rectifier 28. At a time instant t7, the AC power supply is in the positive half cycle again, the TRIAC 26 is switched off once the current flowing through the TRIAC 26 crosses zero point. As the voltage is gradually increased, a current begins to flow through the rectifier 28, the output terminal H1 of the position sensor 20 outputs a low level, there is no drive current flowing through the control electrode G and the second anode T1 of the TRIAC 26, hence, the TRIAC 26 is switched off. Since the current flowing through the stator winding 16 is small, no driving force is generated for the rotor 14. At a time instant t8, the power supply is in the positive half cycle, the position sensor outputs a low level, the TRIAC 26 is kept to be switched off after the current crosses zero point, and the rotor continues to rotate clockwise due to the inertia effect. According to the present disclosure, the rotor may be accelerated to be synchronized with the field of the stator by rotating only one revolution after the stator winding is energized.
With the circuit according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the motor can be ensured to start and rotate in a same direction every time the motor is energized. In applications such a fan and a water pump, an impeller driven by the rotor may have curved vanes, and thus the efficiency of the fan or the water pump is improved. In addition, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, by taking advantage of a characteristic of the TRIAC that the TRIAC is kept to be switched on although there is no drive current flowing though the TRIAC once the TRIAC is switched on, it is avoided that the resistor R1 and the resistor R2 in the rectifier 28 still consumes electric energy after the TRIAC is switched on, hence, the utilization efficiency of electric energy can be improved significantly.
FIG. 7 shows the circuit of the motor shown in FIG. 2 according to an embodiment. The stator winding 16 of the motor is connected in series with the AC power supply 24 between the two pins 21 of the integrated circuit 18. The two nodes A and B are connected to the two pins 21 respectively. A first anode T2 of the TRIAC 26 is connected to the node A, and a second anode T1 of the TRIAC 26 is connected to the node B. The rectifier 28 is connected in parallel with the TRIAC 26 between the two nodes A and B. An AC power between the two nodes A and B is converted by the rectifier 28 into a low voltage DC power, preferably, the low voltage is in a range from 3V to 18V. The rectifier 28 includes a first resistor R1 and a full wave bridge rectifier connected in series between the two nodes A and B. The first resistor R1 may be used as a voltage dropper, and the full wave bridge rectifier includes two rectifier branches connected in parallel, one of the two rectifier branches includes a first diode D1 and a third diode D3 reversely connected in series, and the other of the two rectifier branches includes a second zener diode Z2 and a fourth zener diode Z4 reversely connected in series, the high voltage output terminal C of the rectifier 28 is formed at a connection point of a cathode of the first diode D1 and a cathode of the third diode D3, and the low voltage output terminal D of the rectifier 28 is formed at a connection point of an anode of the second zener diode Z2 and an anode of the fourth zener diode Z4. The output terminal C is connected to a positive power supply terminal of the position sensor 20, and the output terminal D is connected to a negative power supply terminal of the position sensor 20. The switch control circuit 30 includes a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, and a fifth diode D5 and a sixth diode D6 reversely connected in series between the output terminal H1 of the position sensor 20 and the control electrode G of the controllable bidirectional AC switch 26. A cathode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the output terminal H1 of the position sensor, and a cathode of the sixth diode D6 is connected to the control electrode G of the controllable bidirectional AC switch. One terminal of the third resistor R3 is connected to the high voltage output terminal C of the rectifier, and the other terminal of the third resistor R3 is connected to a connection point of an anode of the fifth diode D5 and an anode of the sixth diode D6. Two terminals of the fourth resistor R4 are connected to a cathode of the fifth diode D5 and a cathode of the sixth diode D6 respectively.
FIG. 8 shows the circuit of the motor shown in FIG. 2 according to an embodiment. The embodiment differs from the previous embodiment in that, the zener diodes Z2 and Z4 in FIG. 7 are replaced by general diodes D2 and D4 in the rectifier in FIG. 8. In addition, a zener diode Z7 as a voltage stabilizer is connected between the two output terminals C and D of the rectifier 28 in FIG. 8.
FIG. 9 shows the circuit of the motor shown in FIG. 2 according to an embodiment. The stator winding 16 of the synchronous motor is connected in series with the AC power supply 24 between the two pins 21 of the integrated circuit 18. Two nodes A and B are connected to the two pins 21 respectively. A first anode T2 of the TRIAC 26 is connected to the node A, and a second anode T1 of the TRIAC 26 is connected to the node B. The rectifier 28 is connected in parallel with the TRIAC 26 between the two nodes A and B. An AC power between the two nodes A and B is converted by the rectifier 28 into a low voltage DC power, preferably, the low voltage is in a range from 3V to 18V. The rectifier 28 includes a first resistor R1 and a full wave bridge rectifier connected in series between the two nodes A and B. The first resistor R1 may be used as a voltage dropper. The full wave bridge rectifier includes two rectifier branches connected in parallel, one of the two rectifier branches includes two silicon controlled rectifiers Si and S3 reversely connected in series, and the other of the two rectifier branches includes a second diode D2 and a fourth diode D4 reversely connected in series. The high voltage output terminal C of the rectifier 28 is formed at a connection point of a cathode of the silicon controlled rectifier S1 and a cathode of the silicon controlled rectifier S3, and the low voltage output terminal D of the rectifier 28 is formed at a connection point of an anode of the second diode D2 and an anode of the fourth diode D4. The output terminal C is connected to a positive power supply terminal of the position sensor 20, and the output terminal D is connected to a negative power supply terminal of the position sensor 20. The switch control circuit 30 includes a third resistor R3, an NPN triode T6, and a fourth resistor R4 and a fifth diode D5 connected in series between the output terminal H1 of the position sensor 20 and the control electrode G of the controllable bidirectional AC switch 26. A cathode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the output terminal H1 of the position sensor. One terminal of the third resistor R3 is connected to the high voltage output terminal C of the rectifier, and the other terminal of the third resistor R3 is connected to the output terminal H1 of the position sensor. A base of the NPN triode T6 is connected to the output terminal H1 of the position sensor, an emitter of the NPN triode T6 is connected to an anode of the fifth diode D5, and a collector of the NPN triode T6 is connected to the high voltage output terminal C of the rectifier.
In this embodiment, a reference voltage may be input to the cathodes of the two silicon controlled rectifiers S1 and S3 via a terminal SC1, and a control signal may be input to control terminals of S1 and S3 via a terminal SC2. S1 and S3 are switched on in a case that a control signal input from the terminal SC2 is a high level and are switched off in a case that the control signal input from the terminal SC2 is a low level. Based on the configuration, Si and S3 may be switched between a switch-on state and a switch-off state in a preset way by inputting the high level from the terminal SC2 in a case that the driver circuit operates normally. S1 and S3 are switched off by changing the control signal input from the terminal SC2 from the high level to the low level in a case that the driver circuit fails. In this case, the
TRIAC 26, the rectifier 28 and the position sensor 20 are switched off to ensure the whole circuit to be in a zero-power state.
FIG. 10 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a single-phase permanent magnetic synchronous motor 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The stator winding 16 of the motor is connected in series with the integrated circuit 18 across two terminals of the AC power supply 24. A driving circuit for the motor is integrated into the integrated circuit 18, and the driving circuit enables the motor to start in a fixed direction every time the motor is energized. In the present disclosure, the driving circuit for the motor is packaged in the integrated circuit, and thus the cost of the circuit can be reduced and the reliability of the circuit can be improved.
In the present disclosure, based on actual situations, all or a part of the rectifier, the detecting circuit, the switch control circuit, the controllable bidirectional AC switch may be integrated into the integrated circuit. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, only the detecting circuit, the switch control circuit and the controllable bidirectional AC switch are integrated into the integrated circuit, and the rectifier is disposed outside the integrated circuit.
For example, as shown in the embodiments of FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, the voltage dropping circuit 32 and the controllable bidirectional AC switch 26 are disposed outside the integrated circuit, and the rectifier (which may only include the rectifier bridge but not include a voltage dropping resistor or other voltage dropping components), the detecting circuit and the switch control circuit are integrated into the integrated circuit. In the embodiment, low power parts are integrated into the integrated circuit, and the voltage dropping circuit 32 and the controllable bidirectional AC switch 26 as high power parts are disposed outside the integrated circuit. In an embodiment as shown in FIG. 12, the voltage dropping circuit 32 may be integrated into the integrated circuit, and the controllable bidirectional AC switch is disposed outside the integrated circuit.
FIG. 13 shows a water pump 50 using the motor described above. The water pump 50 includes a pump housing 54 having a pump chamber 52, an entrance 56 and an exit 58 in communication with the pump chamber, an impeller 60 rotatably disposed in the pump chamber, and a motor component configured to drive the impeller. FIG. 14 shows a fan using the motor described above. The fan includes an impeller 70 driven directly or indirectly via an output axis of the motor.
With the single-phase permanent magnetic synchronous motor according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the single-phase permanent magnetic synchronous motor is ensured to start and rotate in a fixed direction every time the single-phase permanent magnetic synchronous motor is energized. In applications of the fan such as an exhaust fan and a range hood fan, and the water pump such as a circulating pump and a drainpump, an impeller driven by the rotor may have curved vanes, and thus the efficiency of the fan and the water pump is improved.
What is described above is only preferred embodiments of the present disclosure and is not intended to define the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Any changes, equivalent substitution, improvements and so on made within the spirit and principles of the present disclosure are all contained in the scope of protection of the present disclosure. For example, the driver circuit according to the present disclosure not only is applied to the single-phase permanent magnetic synchronous motor, but also is applied to other types of permanent magnetic motors such as a single-phase brushless DC motor.

Claims

1. A motor component, comprising: a motor and a driving circuit for the motor which is powered by an alternating current (AC) power supply, wherein the motor comprises a stator and a rotor rotatable relative to the stator, the stator comprises a stator core and a stator winding wound on the stator core; the driving circuit comprises an integrated circuit and a controllable bidirectional AC switch connected to the integrated circuit, the controllable bidirectional AC switch and the stator winding are connected in series between two terminals configured to connect to the AC power supply, at least two of a rectifier, a detecting circuit and a switch control circuit are integrated into the integrated circuit, the rectifier is configured to generate a direct current (DC) voltage at least supplied to the detecting circuit, the detecting circuit is configured to detect a magnetic field polarity of the rotor, and the switch control circuit is configured to control the controllable bidirectional AC switch to be switched between a switch-on state and a switch-off state in a preset way, based on a polarity of the AC power supply and the magnetic field polarity of the rotor detected by the detecting circuit.

2. The motor component according to claim 1, wherein the switch control circuit is configured to switch on the controllable bidirectional AC switch in a case that the AC power supply is in a positive half cycle and it is detected by the detecting circuit that the magnetic field polarity of the rotor is a first polarity, or in a case that the AC power supply is in a negative half cycle and it is detected by the detecting circuit that the magnetic field polarity of the rotor is a second polarity opposite to the first polarity.

3. The motor component according to claim 1, wherein the driving circuit further comprises a voltage dropper connected to the rectifier.

4. The motor component according to claim 1, wherein the rectifier and the voltage dropper are connected across two nodes to form a branch, and the controllable bidirectional AC switch is connected in parallel with the branch.

5. The motor component according to claim 3, wherein the driving circuit further comprises a voltage stabilizer configured to stabilize the DC voltage, and the rectifier, the voltage dropper, the voltage stabilizer, the detecting circuit and the switch control circuit are integrated into the integrated circuit.

6. The motor component according to claim 3, wherein the rectifier is integrated into the integrated circuit, and the voltage dropper is disposed outside the integrated circuit.

7. The motor component according to claim 6, wherein a voltage stabilizer configured to stabilize the DC voltage is further integrated into the integrated circuit.

8. The motor component according to claim 1, wherein the detecting circuit comprises a magnetic sensor, the integrated circuit is installed near the rotor and the magnetic sensor is capable of sensing the magnetic field polarity of the rotor and variation of the magnetic field polarity.

9. The motor component according to claim 1, wherein the detecting circuit does not comprise a magnetic sensor.

10. The motor component according to claim 1, wherein the driving circuit does not comprise a microprocessor.

11. The motor component according to claim 1, wherein the motor component does not comprise a printed circuit board (PCB).

12. The motor component according to claim 1, wherein the motor is a single-phase permanent magnetic synchronous motor, the rotor comprises at least one permanent magnet, a non-uniform magnetic circuit is formed between the stator and the permanent magnetic rotor, and a polar axis of the permanent magnetic rotor has an angular offset relative to a central axis of the stator in a case that the permanent magnetic rotor is at rest, the rotor operates at a constant rotational speed of 60 f/p rpm during a steady state phase after the stator winding is energized, where f is a frequency of the AC power supply and p is the number of pole pairs of the rotor.

13. An integrated circuit for driving a motor, comprising: a housing, pins extended out from the housing, and a switch control circuit disposed on a semiconductor substrate, wherein the semiconductor substrate and the switch control circuit are packaged in the housing, the switch control circuit is configured to generate a control signal for controlling a bidirectional AC switch to be switched on or switched off, based on a magnetic field polarity of a rotor of the motor, to control an energized mode for the motor.

14. The integrated circuit according to claim 13, wherein a detecting circuit configured to detect the magnetic field polarity of the rotor of the motor is further integrated into the semiconductor substrate.

15. The integrated circuit according to claim 14, wherein a rectifier configured to generate a DC voltage at least supplied to the detecting circuit is further integrated into the semiconductor substrate.

16. The integrated circuit according to claim 13, wherein the controllable bidirectional AC switch is packaged in the housing.

17. The integrated circuit according to claim 13, wherein the integrated circuit does not comprise a microprocessor.

18. The integrated circuit according to claim 13, wherein the number of pins of the integrated circuit is less than four.

19. A pump, comprising: a pump housing having a pump chamber, an entrance and an exit in communication with the pump chamber, an impeller rotatably disposed in the pump chamber, and a motor component configured to drive the impeller, wherein the motor component has the features according to claim 1.

20. A fan, comprising: an impeller and a motor component configured to drive the impeller, wherein the motor component has the features according to claim 1.