WO2016006863A1 - 이미지 센서의 단위 화소 및 그 수광 소자 - Google Patents
이미지 센서의 단위 화소 및 그 수광 소자 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14601—Structural or functional details thereof
- H01L27/14609—Pixel-elements with integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements
- H01L27/1461—Pixel-elements with integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements characterised by the photosensitive area
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14601—Structural or functional details thereof
- H01L27/14609—Pixel-elements with integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements
- H01L27/14612—Pixel-elements with integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements involving a transistor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14643—Photodiode arrays; MOS imagers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
- H01L31/10—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors characterised by potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors
- H01L31/101—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation
- H01L31/112—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by field-effect operation, e.g. junction field-effect phototransistor
- H01L31/113—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by field-effect operation, e.g. junction field-effect phototransistor being of the conductor-insulator-semiconductor type, e.g. metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistor
- H01L31/1136—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by field-effect operation, e.g. junction field-effect phototransistor being of the conductor-insulator-semiconductor type, e.g. metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistor the device being a metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a unit pixel of a image sensor and a light receiving element of a unit pixel.
- a light receiving element of a unit pixel and a unit pixel of an image sensor capable of adjusting the light sensing sensitivity of the light receiver by adjusting a voltage applied to a gate functioning as a light receiving unit It is about.
- An image sensor is a sensor that converts an optical signal into an electrical image signal. When light is irradiated to the light receiving unit within the unit pixel of the image sensor, it detects the light incident on each unit pixel and the amount thereof, converts and generates an optical signal into an electrical signal, and then to the analog and digital circuit unit for forming an image It is responsible for transmitting signals.
- one electron-hole pair (EHP) is generated for each incident photon, and the generated electrons and holes are accumulated in the photodiode as the light receiving portion. .
- the maximum accumulated capacitance of the photodiode is proportional to the light receiving area of the photodiode.
- the area where the accompanying transistors are disposed is relatively wider than that of the CCD image sensor, so that there is a physical limitation in increasing the light receiving area.
- a photodiode mainly used as a light receiving part of an image sensor has a relatively low capacitance, so that it is difficult to saturate the signal analogously since it is easily saturated even with a small amount of light.
- the unit pixel of the CMOS image sensor requires a relatively long photocharge accumulation time in order to generate a minimum charge for signal processing through the limited light receiving region. Therefore, it is not easy to manufacture an image sensor of a high density / high speed frame by using the unit pixel having such a light receiving portion.
- the threshold voltage for photoelectric conversion is determined by the concentration and polarity of ions doped in the floating gate and the device isolation well in the initial manufacturing process, and thus the sensitivity value of the image sensor is also in the manufacturing process. It is determined by the concentration and polarity of the doped ions.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the unit pixel of the image sensor that can control the light sensitivity characteristics of the light receiving element by adjusting the threshold voltage of the channel by applying a voltage to the gate operating as the light receiving unit It aims to provide.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a unit pixel of an image sensor capable of performing functions such as auto exposure and electric shutter.
- the sensitivity control light-receiving element configured to apply a voltage to the light receiver;
- the light receiving portion is doped with a first type impurity
- the source and drain are doped with a second type impurity
- the electrons excited by light incident on the light receiving portion are tunneled to the source or drain.
- the current flow of the channel is controlled by the charge amount change of the light receiver, and the threshold voltage of the channel is adjusted by controlling the voltage applied through the sensitivity adjusting terminal.
- the light receiving element is characterized in that the threshold voltage is adjusted by adjusting the interval between the Fermi level and the intrinsic level of the channel by adjusting the voltage applied through the sensitivity control terminal. .
- the source and drain may be formed on a well doped with a first type impurity, and the well may be in a floating state.
- the sensitivity control terminal may adjust the sensitivity of the light receiver by adjusting the magnitude of the voltage applied to the light receiver.
- the tunneling may occur in an oxide region between any one of the source and the drain and the light receiving unit.
- the sensitivity control terminal may apply a voltage greater than or equal to a set voltage to the light receiver to reset the light receiver.
- a light receiving element for generating a current flow by using a change in the amount of charge due to incident light and outputs the current generated in the light receiving element to the unit pixel output terminal include an optional element, wherein
- the light receiving element includes a light receiving unit that absorbs light, a source and a drain spaced apart from the light receiving unit by an oxide film, and a channel formed between the source and the drain to generate a flow of current between the source and the drain. and a sensitivity adjusting terminal for applying a voltage to the light receiving unit, wherein the light receiving element is formed by tunneling electrons excited by light incident on the light receiving unit to the source or drain.
- the current flow of the channel is controlled based on the change in the charge amount of the light receiver, and the threshold voltage of the channel is controlled by adjusting the voltage applied through the sensitivity adjusting terminal.
- the selection element may include a drain and a source connected to the light receiving element and the unit pixel output terminal, and a gate to which a selection signal is applied from the outside, and perform a switching operation based on the applied selection signal.
- the light receiving device may adjust the threshold voltage by adjusting the voltage applied through the sensitivity control terminal to adjust the interval between the Fermi level and the intrinsic level of the channel.
- the source of the light receiving element and the drain of the selection element may be formed on the same active region.
- the light receiving element may suppress the image saturation caused by the sudden increase in the amount of photocurrent by adjusting the voltage applied to the sensitivity control terminal based on the amount of incident light.
- the unit pixel of the image sensor according to another embodiment of the present invention, a light receiving element for generating a current flow by using a change in the amount of charge due to incident light, and outputs the current generated in the light receiving element to the unit pixel output terminal And a reset device to remove charges remaining in the light receiving device.
- the light receiving element includes a light receiving unit that absorbs light, a source and a drain spaced apart from the light receiving unit by an oxide film, and a channel formed between the source and the drain to generate a flow of current between the source and the drain. and a sensitivity adjusting terminal for applying a voltage to the light receiving unit, wherein the light receiving element is formed by tunneling electrons excited by light incident on the light receiving unit to the source or drain.
- the current flow of the channel is controlled based on a change in the charge amount of the light receiving unit, and the light receiving element adjusts a threshold voltage of the channel by adjusting a voltage applied through the sensitivity adjusting terminal.
- the reset device may remove residual charge in a diffusion well in which the light receiving device is formed.
- the diffusion region may be maintained in a floating state during the operation of the light receiving element.
- the light receiving element may reset the unit pixel by applying a voltage higher than a set voltage through the sensitivity adjusting terminal to increase the threshold voltage of the channel.
- the light receiving device may adjust the threshold voltage by adjusting the voltage applied through the sensitivity control terminal to adjust the interval between the Fermi level and the intrinsic level of the channel.
- an optimal electric response may be obtained by applying an external electric field.
- the sensitivity of the light receiving element may be adjusted on the circuit by adjusting the applied voltage, and process dependency on device characteristic values such as light sensitivity of the light receiving element may be reduced.
- the magnitude of the photocurrent according to the incident light amount may be adjusted by adjusting the applied voltage, so that the automatic exposure control function, which is separately performed on the existing analog circuit, may be performed in each pixel unit.
- each pixel may be reset by applying a reset voltage to the sensitivity value adjusting gate, and the electronic shutter function may be implemented without using a separate transistor.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a light receiving device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view for describing an operating principle of the light receiving element of FIG. 1.
- FIG 3 is a view for explaining the structure of the sensitivity control light receiving device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a view for explaining the principle of sensitivity control of the sensitivity light receiving device of FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for describing an operation process of the sensitivity adjusting light receiving device of FIG. 3.
- FIG. 6 is an example of a circuit diagram of a unit pixel using the sensitivity adjusting light receiving device of FIG. 3.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a unit pixel using the sensitivity adjusting light receiving device of FIG. 6.
- FIG. 8 is another example of a circuit diagram of a unit pixel using the sensitivity adjusting light receiving device of FIG. 3.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a unit pixel using the sensitivity adjusting light receiving device of FIG. 8.
- one component when one component is referred to as “connected” or “connected” with another component, the one component may be directly connected or directly connected to the other component, but in particular It is to be understood that, unless there is an opposite substrate, it may be connected or connected via another component in the middle.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a light receiving element configuring a unit pixel of an image sensor according to an exemplary embodiment.
- the light receiving device of the unit pixel is implemented using a tunnel junction device instead of a conventional photodiode.
- the tunnel junction device is a structure in which a thin insulating layer is bonded between two conductors or semiconductors, and refers to a device that operates by using a tunneling effect generated in the insulating layer.
- the light receiving device 100 may be implemented with, for example, an n-MOSFET structure.
- the light receiving device 100 is formed on the P-type substrate 110 and includes an N + diffusion layer 120 corresponding to a source in a general NMOS electronic device and an N + diffusion layer 130 corresponding to a drain.
- the N + diffusion layers 120 and 130 will be referred to as “source” and “drain” in the light receiving device, respectively.
- Metal contacts 121 and 131 connected to external nodes are formed on the source 120 and the drain 130.
- the metal contacts 121 and 131 are connected to the outside through metal lines 122 and 132, respectively.
- a thin oxide layer 140 is formed between the source 120 and the drain 130, and a poly-silicon doped with a P-type impurity corresponding to a gate in a general NMOS structure is formed on the oxide layer 140. 150 is formed.
- the polysilicon 150 functions as a light receiving unit that absorbs light from the light receiving element 100.
- the polysilicon 150 will be referred to as a "light receiving unit”.
- the light receiving unit 150 is spaced apart from the source 120 and the drain 130 by the oxide film 140. Tunneling is generated between the light receiver 150 and the source 120 or the drain 130. At this time, in order to facilitate the occurrence of the tunneling, the thickness of the oxide film 140 is preferably formed to 10nm or less.
- the light receiving device 100 has a light blocking layer 170 formed on an upper portion of the remaining area except for the upper part 151 of the light receiving unit 150.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an operating principle of a light receiving device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the light receiving device 100 of the present invention receives light through an upper portion of the light receiving unit 150.
- a predetermined electric field is formed between the source 120 and the drain 130 and the light receiving unit 150 by incident light, and a channel 160 is formed between the source 120 and the drain 130 by the incident light.
- EHPs electron-hole pairs
- the electrons of the generated electron-hole pairs tunnel through the oxide layer 140 to obtain a source ( 120 or drain 130.
- the amount of charge in the holes in the light receiving unit 150 is relatively increased.
- the change in the amount of charge lowers the threshold voltage of the channel 160 so that current flows in the channel.
- the light receiving device 100 may be formed in a light doped drain (LDD) structure.
- LDD light doped drain
- the light receiving device 100 is formed on the P-type substrate 110 and includes a source 120 and a drain 130 of a highly doped N-type diffusion layer. .
- LDD regions 123 and 133 which are lightly doped N-type diffusion layers, are formed between the source 120 and the drain 130 adjacent to the source 120 and the drain 130, respectively.
- the length of the light receiver 150 may be equal to or longer than the length between the LDD region 123 of the source and the LDD region 133 of the drain.
- the separated electrons move freely outside the grain boundary of the polysilicon, which is the light receiving unit 150.
- a voltage is applied to the source 120 or the drain 130, electrons are attracted to the edges of the LDD regions 123 and 133 of the source or drain.
- the attracted electrons accumulate near the boundary of the light receiving portion 150 adjacent to the LDD regions 123 and 133 to form an electric field.
- a relatively very strong electric field is formed.
- the electron focusing phenomenon near the boundary of the light receiving part 150 is further accelerated.
- the intensity of light irradiated to the light receiver 150 increases, more electron-hole pairs are generated, thereby forming a larger electric field.
- Tunneling is performed near the boundary 141 where the distance between the LDD region 123 of the source and the light receiving unit 150 is closest, and near the boundary 142 where the distance between the LDD region 133 of the drain and the light receiving unit 150 is closest. It is easily generated. In the vicinity of the boundary 141, 142, the tunneling of the electrons occurs as soon as the energy level condition is met. By the tunneling, electrons focused at the boundaries 141 and 142 of the light receiving unit 150 are moved to the source 120 or the drain 130. This results in an increase in the amount of charges in the hole by the number of electrons lost, and a change in the amount of charges in the light receiving unit 150 leads to an effect of lowering a threshold voltage of the channel, which eventually enters the light receiving unit 150. The induced light induces a current in the channel 160 of the light receiving element 100.
- the light receiving device having such a structure may generate a flow of photo currents of several hundred to several thousand times more than the same amount of light as compared with a conventional photodiode. Specifically, photodiodes distinguish brightness by only the amount of charge accumulated in the capacitance.
- the light receiving device 100 may control the current flow of the channel by changing the amount of charge of the light receiving unit 150 by light acts as an electric field effect.
- the unit pixel of the image sensor can be implemented without designing a separate signal amplification device, thereby miniaturizing it.
- the light receiving element 100 is a light receiving unit during the manufacturing process such that the channel 160 is just before the pinch off (pinch off) state without applying an external voltage to the source 120 and drain 130 It is prepared by adjusting the doping concentration of 150.
- the light receiving device is considered by considering not only the doping concentration of the light receiving unit 150 but also other characteristics such as the aspect ratio (W / L) of the gate, the type of the doped ions, the thickness of the oxide film, and the dielectric constant of the oxide film.
- W / L aspect ratio
- the doping concentration of the light receiving unit 150 is directly related to the displacement of the silicon (Si) surface potential corresponding to the channel 160, and the Fermi level and the intrinsic nature of the silicon interface are changed by the displacement of the surface potential.
- Threshold voltage is adjusted by changing the Intrinsic Level.
- the interval between the Fermi level and the intrinsic level may be too narrow or the two levels overlap with each other, and thus the channel may not be incident. Excessive dark current may flow at 160.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a structure of a sensitivity adjusting light receiving device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the sensitivity adjusting light receiving device 200 receives light through the light receiving unit 250 in the same manner as the light receiving device 100 of FIG. 1, and adjusts the threshold voltage of the channel using tunneling to flow through the channel. Generate photocurrent.
- the sensitivity control light receiving element 200 is formed in a PMOS structure will be described as an example.
- the sensitivity-controlled light receiving device 200 may have an NMOS structure. Description common to the light receiving element of FIG. 1 will be omitted.
- the sensitivity adjusting light receiving device 200 is formed on the P-type substrate 210, and forms an N well 215 by injecting N-type impurities into the P-type substrate 210. Thereafter, a high concentration of P-type impurities are implanted into the formed N wells 215 to form the source 220 and the drain 230.
- a thin oxide film 240 is formed on the source 220 and the drain 230, and the light receiving unit 250 is disposed on the oxide film 240 with the oxide film 240 interposed therebetween. Opposite to 230).
- Metal contacts 221 and 231 are formed on the source 220 and the drain 230 to be connected to external nodes.
- the source 220 is connected to the outside through a metal line 222 connected to the metal contact 221, and likewise, the drain 230 is connected to the outside through a metal line 232 connected to the metal contact 231.
- the N well 215 is formed in a floating structure. By floating the N well 215, it is possible to more easily detect a change in the amount of charge in the light receiving unit 250 generated by the incident light.
- the light receiver 250 may be formed of polysilicon doped with N-type or P-type impurities.
- the sensitivity control terminal 252 is formed on one side of the light receiving unit 250.
- the sensitivity adjusting terminal 252 is connected to the light receiving unit 250 through a metal terminal 251 formed in a region in which light is not received by the light receiving unit 250.
- the light receiving device 200 adjusts the threshold voltage of the channel 260 by controlling an external voltage applied through the sensitivity adjusting terminal 252.
- the light blocking layer 270 is formed on the remaining area of the light receiving element 200 except for the upper part of the light receiving unit 250.
- the light blocking layer 270 blocks incidence of light in a region other than the light receiving unit 250.
- Metallic impurities included in the light shielding layer 270 make it difficult to generate electron-hole pairs by light, and reflect a considerable amount of incident light to block absorption of light in a region other than the light receiving unit 250. This is to allow the photocharges of the light-receiving unit 250 that absorbed light to efficiently tunnel.
- the light blocking layer 270 may be formed through a metal or silicide process, and the formation of the light blocking layer 270 on the light receiving unit 250 may be excluded through a mask.
- FIG. 4 is a view for explaining the principle of sensitivity adjustment of the sensitivity light receiving device of Figure 3
- Figure 5 is a view for explaining the operation process of the sensitivity light receiving device of FIG.
- a case where the sensitivity adjusting light receiving element has a PMOS structure will be described as an example.
- FIG. 4 is an energy band diagram of the sensitivity adjusting light receiving device 200 including the light receiving unit 250, the oxide film 240, and the silicon channel 260.
- the sensitivity adjusting light receiving element 200 adjusts the threshold voltage condition of the channel by applying an arbitrary external voltage using the sensitivity adjusting terminal 252 connected to the light receiving unit 250.
- an external voltage Vg equal to or greater than a set voltage is applied to the light receiver 250 through the sensitivity adjusting terminal 252 (for example, when 2.5 V is applied when the set voltage is 1.9 V).
- the threshold voltage condition no current flows in the channel 260, and the light receiving element 200 is not in operation as the light receiving element regardless of whether light is applied, that is, in a reset state. This is similar to the case where the light receiving element 100 having the light receiving unit 150 as the floating gate of FIG. 1 is intrinsic without impurities or doped with N-type ions.
- FIG. 4B illustrates an energy band diagram when a set voltage (for example, 1.9V in FIG. 4B) is applied to the light receiving unit 250 through the sensitivity adjusting terminal 252.
- a set voltage for example, 1.9V in FIG. 4B
- the channel 260 is in the state just before pinch-off.
- the photo-excited electrons are tunneled to a drain or a source, thereby causing a threshold.
- photocurrent flows through the channel.
- the doping concentration and aspect ratio (W / L) of the P-type impurity of the light receiving portion 150 is approximated so that the Fermi level and the intrinsic level at the silicon interface are approximated in the light receiving element 100 having the light receiving portion 150 as the floating gate of FIG. 1. This is similar to the case where it is designed with proper adjustment. However, unlike the light receiving device 100 of FIG. 1, the sensitivity control light receiving device 200 needs to finely adjust the doping concentration of impurities, the polarity of the ions, the aspect ratio, etc. in the manufacturing process in order to bring the channel into the state just before pinching off. There is a big difference in that the threshold voltage of the channel 260 can be adjusted by applying an appropriate setting voltage through the sensitivity adjusting terminal 252.
- FIG. 4C illustrates an energy band diagram in which an external voltage is applied to the light receiving unit 250 through a sensitivity adjusting terminal 252 at 0V.
- a Fermi level and an intrinsic level overlap the silicon interface to form a hole accumulation regime potential, and a current flows through the channel at all times.
- Most of the current flowing in the channel in this state is composed of dark current. Therefore, by setting the external voltage applied to the light receiving unit 250 through the sensitivity adjusting terminal 252 to 0 V or more, the light current sensing efficiency can be easily increased by reducing the dark current component and increasing the signal current component.
- the external voltage applied to the light receiving unit 250 through the sensitivity adjusting terminal 252 needs to be set in consideration of dark current components as well as light sensing performance.
- the external voltage applied through the sensitivity control terminal 252 can be reduced in size by appropriately adjusting the concentration of impurities doped to the light receiving unit 250, the polarity of the ions, the aspect ratio, and the like, thereby consuming the entire image sensor. You can save power.
- the sensitivity adjusting light receiving element 200 adjusts the threshold voltage of the channel 260 by adjusting an external voltage applied to the sensitivity adjusting terminal 252.
- the threshold voltage of the channel 260 is adjusted, the channel 260 is in a state immediately before pinching off, and a depletion layer 261 is formed around the source 220, the drain 230, and the channel 260. .
- tunneling phenomenon continuously occurs near the boundary between the light receiver 250 and the source 220 or the light receiver 250 and the drain 230.
- the stronger the light intensity the more important the tunneling on the drain 230 side, and the weaker the light intensity, the more important the tunneling on the source 220 side is to maintain the equilibrium state.
- FIG. 6 is an example of a circuit diagram of a unit pixel using the sensitivity adjusting light receiving device of FIG. 3.
- the unit pixel illustrated in FIG. 6 includes one sensitivity adjusting light receiving element 200 and one selection element 300.
- the selection device may be implemented with various devices.
- a selection device can be formed using a conventional MOSFET structure.
- the sensitivity adjusting light receiving device 200 and the selection device 300 can be implemented at a time through a single MOSFET manufacturing process, the manufacturing cost is low and the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- the drain 230 of the sensitivity adjusting light receiving device 200 is connected to the power supply voltage VDD and the source 220 is connected to the drain 330 of the selection device 300.
- the light receiving unit 250 of the sensitivity adjusting light receiving element 200 is opened to allow light to be incident thereon, and a sensitivity adjusting terminal 252 for applying an external voltage is connected to an unopened area of the light receiving unit 250.
- the body 210 of the sensitivity adjusting light receiving element 200 and the body 310 of the selection element 300 may be formed in a floated structure.
- the switching function may be maintained by applying a voltage slightly higher than the power voltage VDD.
- the source 320 of the selection device 300 is connected to a unit pixel output terminal (Pixel out) to control the switching of the output of the sensitivity control light receiving device 200.
- a control signal (select) for on-off control of the selection element 300 is applied through the gate 350.
- the unit pixels are arranged in an array to form an image sensor.
- different voltages may be applied to the sensitivity control terminals for each unit pixel to drive the sensors having different sensitivity values.
- the uniformity of the image sensor may be ensured by controlling the non-uniformity of the characteristics of each unit pixel by adjusting the sensitivity for each unit pixel.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a unit pixel including the sensitivity adjusting light receiving device 200 and the selection device 300 of FIG. 6.
- the sensitivity adjusting light receiving device 200 and the selection device 300 may both be implemented in a floating structure using the same substrate as a body.
- the source 210 of the sensitivity adjusting light receiving element 200 and the drain 330 of the selection element 300 may be formed on the same active region, thereby simplifying the structure of the unit pixel and reducing the size of the unit pixel. have.
- FIG. 8 illustrates another example of a circuit diagram of a unit pixel using the sensitivity adjusting light receiving device of FIG. 3.
- the unit pixel illustrated in FIG. 8 includes one sensitivity adjusting light receiving device 400, one selection device 500, and one reset device 600.
- the reset device 600 may be implemented in a MOSFET structure.
- the sensitivity adjusting light receiving device 400, the selection device 500, and the reset device 600 included in a single unit pixel may be implemented at a time through a single MOSFET manufacturing process, thereby lowering manufacturing cost and manufacturing process. Can be simplified.
- a drain of the sensitivity control light receiving device 400 is connected to a power supply voltage VDD, a source is connected to a drain of the selection device 500, and a source of the selection device 500 is connected to a unit pixel output terminal. do.
- the drain of the reset device 600 is connected to the N well body of the sensitivity adjusting light receiving device 400, and a bias voltage for reset is applied to a source of the reset device 600.
- the N well functions as an isolation device that separates adjacent devices.
- the unit pixel is reset by the reset device 600. Specifically, when a bias voltage is applied to the source of the reset device 600, a predetermined voltage is applied to the N well of the sensitivity light receiving device 400 connected to the drain of the reset device 600 to remove residual charges of the N well. By initializing the sensitivity adjustment light receiving device 400.
- the sensitivity control light receiving device 400 is operated by operating the selection device 500. Since all the charge remaining in the N-well floated before the operation of the sensitivity control light receiving device 400 is removed, it is possible to suppress the generation of dark current due to the remaining charge.
- the drain of the reset device 600 is connected to the N well, but after the reset operation is completed, that is, in the state in which the sensitivity adjusting light receiving device 400 is operating while the selection device 500 is on. Since the N well is the same as the floated state, no photocurrent is lost.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a unit pixel including the sensitivity adjusting light receiving device 400, the selection device 500, and the reset device 600 of FIG. 8.
- the sensitivity light receiving device 400, the selection device 500, and the reset device 600 are all implemented by forming N wells directly on the same substrate, and the N wells are described above. As in the operation of the sensitivity control light receiving device 400 is maintained in a floating state.
- the unit pixel is composed of only the sensitivity control light receiving device 400, the selection device 500, and the reset device 600 having a MOSFET structure, the structure is simple, and the unit pixel can be realized at a time through a single MOSFET manufacturing process. Thus the manufacturing process can be simplified.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (16)
- 감도 조절 수광 소자에 있어서,빛을 흡수하는 수광부;산화막에 의해 상기 수광부와 이격되는 소스(source) 및 드레인(drain);상기 소스와 드레인 사이에 형성되어 상기 소스와 드레인 간에 전류의 흐름을 생성하는 채널(channel); 및상기 수광부에 전압을 인가하는 감도조절 단자를 포함하며,상기 수광부는 제1형 불순물로 도핑되고 상기 소스 및 드레인은 제2형 불순물로 도핑되고,상기 수광부에 입사된 빛에 의해 여기된(excited) 전자가 상기 소스 또는 드레인으로 터널링(tunneling)됨에 따른 상기 수광부의 전하량 변화에 의해 상기 채널의 전류 흐름이 제어되며,상기 감도조절 단자를 통해 인가되는 전압을 제어하여 상기 채널의 문턱 전압(threshold voltage)을 조절하는 것을 특징으로 하는,감도 조절 수광 소자.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 감도조절 단자를 통해 인가되는 전압의 조절을 통해 상기 채널의 페르미 준위(Fermi level)와 진성 준위(intrinsic level)의 간격이 조절되어 상기 문턱 전압이 조절되는 것을 특징으로 하는,감도 조절 수광 소자.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 소스 및 드레인은 제1형 불순물이 도핑된 웰(well) 상에 형성되며,상기 웰은 플로팅 상태인 것을 특징으로 하는,감도 조절 수광 소자.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 감도조절 단자는 상기 수광부에 인가되는 전압의 크기를 조절하여 상기 수광부의 감도를 조절하는,감도 조절 수광 소자.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 터널링은 상기 소스 및 드레인 중 어느 하나와 상기 수광부와의 사이의 산화막 영역에서 발생되는,감도 조절 수광 소자.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 감도조절 단자는 설정 전압 이상의 전압을 상기 수광부에 인가하여 상기 수광부를 리셋시키는,감도 조절 수광 소자.
- 이미지 센서의 단위 화소에 있어서,입사된 빛에 의한 전하량의 변화를 이용하여 전류의 흐름을 발생시키는 수광 소자; 및상기 수광 소자에서 발생된 전류를 단위 화소 출력단으로 출력시키는 선택 소자를 포함하되,상기 수광 소자는 빛을 흡수하는 수광부와, 산화막에 의해 상기 수광부와 이격되는 소스(source) 및 드레인(drain)과, 상기 소스 및 드레인 사이에 형성되어 상기 소스와 드레인 간에 전류의 흐름을 생성하는 채널(channel)과, 상기 수광부에 전압을 인가하는 감도조절 단자를 포함하고,상기 수광 소자는 상기 수광부에 입사된 빛에 의해 여기된(excited) 전자가 상기 소스 또는 드레인으로 터널링(tunneling)됨에 따른 상기 수광부의 전하량 변화에 기초하여 상기 채널의 전류 흐름을 제어하며,상기 수광 소자는 상기 감도조절 단자를 통해 인가되는 전압을 조절하여 상기 채널의 문턱 전압(threshold voltage)를 조절하는,이미지 센서의 단위 화소.
- 제 7 항에 있어서,상기 선택 소자는,상기 수광 소자 및 단위 화소 출력단에 각각 연결되는 드레인 및 소스와, 외부로부터 선택 신호가 인가되는 게이트를 포함하고, 상기 인가된 선택 신호에 기초하여 스위칭 동작을 수행하는,이미지 센서의 단위 화소.
- 제 7 항에 있어서,상기 수광 소자는,상기 감도조절 단자를 통해 인가되는 전압을 조절하여 상기 채널의 페르미 준위(Fermi level)와 진성 준위(intrinsic level)의 간격을 조절함으로써 문턱 전압을 조절하는,이미지 센서의 단위 화소.
- 제 7 항에 있어서,상기 수광 소자의 소스와 상기 선택 소자의 드레인은 동일한 활성 영역 상에 형성되는,이미지 센서의 단위 화소.
- 제 7 항에 있어서,상기 수광 소자는,입사 광량에 기초하여 상기 감도조절 단자로의 인가 전압을 조절하여, 광 전류량의 급격한 증가로 인한 영상 포화를 억제하는,이미지 센서의 단위 화소.
- 이미지 센서의 단위 화소에 있어서,입사된 빛에 의한 전하량의 변화를 이용하여 전류의 흐름을 발생시키는 수광 소자;상기 수광 소자에서 발생된 전류를 단위 화소 출력단으로 출력시키는 선택 소자; 및상기 수광 소자에 잔류된 전하를 제거하는 리셋 소자를 포함하되,상기 수광 소자는 빛을 흡수하는 수광부와, 산화막에 의해 상기 수광부와 이격되는 소스(source) 및 드레인(drain)과, 상기 소스 및 드레인 사이에 형성되어 상기 소스와 드레인 간에 전류의 흐름을 생성하는 채널(channel)과, 상기 수광부에 전압을 인가하는 감도조절 단자를 포함하고,상기 수광 소자는 상기 수광부에 입사된 빛에 의해 여기된(excited) 전자가 상기 소스 또는 드레인으로 터널링(tunneling)됨에 따른 상기 수광부의 전하량 변화에 기초하여 상기 채널의 전류 흐름을 제어하며,상기 수광 소자는 상기 감도조절 단자를 통해 인가되는 전압을 조절하여 상기 채널의 문턱 전압(threshold voltage)를 조절하는,이미지 센서의 단위 화소.
- 제 12 항에 있어서,상기 리셋 소자는 상기 수광 소자가 형성된 확산 영역(diffusion well) 내의 잔류 전하를 제거하는,이미지 센서의 단위 화소.
- 제 13 항에 있어서,상기 확산 영역은 상기 수광 소자의 동작 중에 플로팅 상태로 유지되는,이미지 센서의 단위 화소.
- 제 12 항에 있어서,상기 수광 소자는 상기 감도조절 단자를 통해 설정 전압 이상의 전압을 인가하여 상기 채널의 문턱 전압을 높임으로써 상기 단위 화소를 리셋시키는.이미지 센서의 단위 화소.
- 제 12 항에 있어서.상기 수광 소자는,상기 감도조절 단자를 통해 인가되는 전압을 조절하여 상기 채널의 페르미 준위(Fermi level)와 진성 준위(intrinsic level)의 간격을 조절함으로써 문턱 전압을 조절하는,이미지 센서의 단위 화소.
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