WO2016006673A1 - 電荷輸送性ワニス - Google Patents
電荷輸送性ワニス Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016006673A1 WO2016006673A1 PCT/JP2015/069821 JP2015069821W WO2016006673A1 WO 2016006673 A1 WO2016006673 A1 WO 2016006673A1 JP 2015069821 W JP2015069821 W JP 2015069821W WO 2016006673 A1 WO2016006673 A1 WO 2016006673A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bis
- charge transporting
- naphthyl
- benzidine
- group
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- SMXKPSLCRALELV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-pyridin-3-ylbenzoate Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)OC)=CC=C1C1=CC=CN=C1 SMXKPSLCRALELV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- WFUHVLZOAXEIIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(naphthalen-2-ylamino)phenyl]phenyl]naphthalen-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(NC=3C=CC(=CC=3)C=3C=CC(NC=4C=C5C=CC=CC5=CC=4)=CC=3)=CC=C21 WFUHVLZOAXEIIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- FTXJWAHTZQJARB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[4-[4-(naphthalen-1-ylamino)phenyl]phenyl]naphthalen-2-amine Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=CC=C(NC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C2)C=C1 FTXJWAHTZQJARB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- -1 aryl sulfonic acid compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 21
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- 239000011964 heteropoly acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BGBCYDVLLQOGEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-aminophenyl)-3-naphthalen-2-ylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1C1=CC=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1 BGBCYDVLLQOGEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 36
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
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- IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxotungsten Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
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- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
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- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- SZDXPEWZZGNIBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(naphthalen-1-ylamino)phenyl]phenyl]naphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(NC=3C=CC(=CC=3)C=3C=CC(NC=4C5=CC=CC=C5C=CC=4)=CC=3)=CC=CC2=C1 SZDXPEWZZGNIBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(3+) Chemical compound [Ir+3] MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxomolybdenum Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RICKKZXCGCSLIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[carboxymethyl-[[3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-4-yl]methyl]amino]ethyl-[[3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-4-yl]methyl]amino]acetic acid Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CN(CCN(CC(O)=O)CC=2C(=C(C)N=CC=2CO)O)CC(O)=O)=C1O RICKKZXCGCSLIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzidine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000319 biphenyl-4-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- HASCQPSFPAKVEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(phenyl)phosphine Chemical compound CP(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 HASCQPSFPAKVEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 3
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001622 2-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- FSEXLNMNADBYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=CC=C2)C2=N1 FSEXLNMNADBYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[4-(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)phenyl]carbazole Chemical group C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=C1 VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UHMVYRVEAXSAEB-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Ir+3].FC(C1(N=NC(=N1)C1=NC=CC=C1)C(=O)[O-])(F)F.FC(F)(F)C1(N=NC(=N1)C1=NC=CC=C1)C(=O)[O-].FC(F)(F)C1(N=NC(=N1)C1=NC=CC=C1)C(=O)[O-] Chemical compound [Ir+3].FC(C1(N=NC(=N1)C1=NC=CC=C1)C(=O)[O-])(F)F.FC(F)(F)C1(N=NC(=N1)C1=NC=CC=C1)C(=O)[O-].FC(F)(F)C1(N=NC(=N1)C1=NC=CC=C1)C(=O)[O-] UHMVYRVEAXSAEB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FVRNDBHWWSPNOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Sr+2] FVRNDBHWWSPNOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001637 strontium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSVXWCZFSFKRDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl-(3-triphenylsilylphenyl)silane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](C=1C=C(C=CC=1)[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 XSVXWCZFSFKRDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DETFWTCLAIIJRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl-(4-triphenylsilylphenyl)silane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](C=1C=CC(=CC=1)[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 DETFWTCLAIIJRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNQMQGXHWZCRFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl-[4-(4-triphenylsilylphenyl)phenyl]silane Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 LNQMQGXHWZCRFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HITRWHKLCHWBNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl-[4-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)phenyl]silane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)[Si](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 HITRWHKLCHWBNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIGXXTRUJYDDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl-[4-[4-(4-triphenylsilylphenyl)phenyl]phenyl]silane Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 KIGXXTRUJYDDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFDGVZHLJCKEPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,4,6-trimethyl-3-pyridin-3-ylphenyl)borane Chemical compound CC1=C(B(C=2C(=C(C=3C=NC=CC=3)C(C)=CC=2C)C)C=2C(=C(C=3C=NC=CC=3)C(C)=CC=2C)C)C(C)=CC(C)=C1C1=CC=CN=C1 RFDGVZHLJCKEPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWDUZCIBPDVBJM-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3h-1,3-benzothiazole-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Zn+2].OC1=CC=CC=C1C1(C([O-])=O)SC2=CC=CC=C2N1.OC1=CC=CC=C1C1(C([O-])=O)SC2=CC=CC=C2N1 GWDUZCIBPDVBJM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HTPBWAPZAJWXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;quinolin-8-olate Chemical compound [Zn+2].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 HTPBWAPZAJWXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
- H10K71/12—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
- H10K50/15—Hole transporting layers
- H10K50/155—Hole transporting layers comprising dopants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/30—Doping active layers, e.g. electron transporting layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
- H10K85/626—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing more than one polycyclic condensed aromatic rings, e.g. bis-anthracene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
- H10K85/633—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/17—Carrier injection layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a charge transporting varnish, and more specifically, to a charge transporting varnish containing N, N′-dinaphthylbenzidine as a charge transporting substance.
- Organic electroluminescence (EL) elements are expected to be put to practical use in fields such as displays and lighting, and various developments regarding materials and element structures have been made for the purpose of low voltage driving, high luminance, long life, etc. .
- a plurality of functional thin films are used in the organic EL element, and the hole injection layer, which is one of them, is responsible for charge transfer between the anode and the hole transport layer or the light emitting layer, and is low in the organic EL element. It performs important functions to achieve voltage drive and high brightness.
- this hole injection layer is roughly divided into a dry process typified by a vapor deposition method and a wet process typified by a spin coat method. Compared to these processes, the wet process has a larger area. In particular, a wet process is often used in the field of displays because a thin film with high flatness can be efficiently produced.
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 various charge transport varnishes containing aniline derivatives as charge transport materials
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 certain aryldiamine compounds and electron accepting dopants. It has been found that an organic EL device having excellent luminance characteristics and the like can be obtained by using a thin film obtained from a charge transporting varnish containing, as a hole injection layer (see Patent Document 4).
- improvements have always been sought for wet process materials for hole injection layers, and the organic EL element provided with the thin film of Patent Document 4 has room for improvement in terms of durability.
- This invention is made in view of such a situation, and provides the charge transportable varnish which provides the charge transportable thin film which can implement
- the inventor of the present invention has developed a charge transport property prepared using N, N'-dinaphthylbenzidine as a charge transport material, among various aryldiamine compounds.
- N, N'-dinaphthylbenzidine as a charge transport material, among various aryldiamine compounds.
- the present invention 1. A charge transport material, a dopant material, and an organic solvent, wherein the charge transport material is N, N′-di (1-naphthyl) benzidine, N, N′-di (2-naphthyl) benzidine and N- ( A charge transporting varnish comprising at least one selected from 1-naphthyl) -N ′-(2-naphthyl) benzidine, 2. 1 charge transporting varnish in which the dopant substance contains an aryl sulfonic acid compound as an essential component; 3. 1 or 2 charge transporting varnishes, wherein the charge transporting material comprises N, N′-di (1-naphthyl) benzidine, 4).
- a method for improving the durability of luminance of an organic electroluminescent device comprising an anode and a cathode, and a plurality of functional layers including a light emitting layer, a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer interposed between the electrodes, N, N'-di (1-naphthyl) benzidine, N, N'-di (2-naphthyl) benzidine and N- (1-naphthyl) -N '-(as charge transport materials constituting the hole injection layer
- a method for improving durability characterized by using at least one selected from 2-naphthyl) benzidine.
- the thin film prepared from the charge transporting varnish of the present invention exhibits high charge transportability, it can be suitably used as a thin film for electronic devices including organic EL elements. By applying it to the injection layer, an organic EL device having excellent luminance durability can be obtained.
- the charge transport varnish of the present invention can produce a thin film excellent in charge transport with good reproducibility even when using various wet processes capable of forming a large area such as a spin coat method and a slit coat method. Therefore, it can sufficiently cope with recent progress in the field of organic EL elements.
- the charge transporting varnish according to the present invention includes a charge transporting material, a dopant material, and an organic solvent, and the charge transporting material includes N, N′-di (1-naphthyl) benzidine, N, N′-di ( It includes at least one selected from 2-naphthyl) benzidine and N- (1-naphthyl) -N ′-(2-naphthyl) benzidine.
- the charge transporting material may contain at least one of the above three types, among which N, N′-di (1-naphthyl) benzidine, N, N′-di (2-naphthyl) benzidine Are preferred, and N, N′-di (1-naphthyl) benzidine is more preferred.
- N, N′-dinaphthylbenzidine As the charge transport material of the present invention, other known charge transport materials can be used in combination with N, N′-dinaphthylbenzidine, but even in this case, the durability of the obtained organic EL device can be N, N'-dinaphthylbenzidine must be the main component (more than 50% by mass) of the charge transporting material, preferably N, N'-dinaphthylbenzidine is the total charge transporting material. 70 mass% or more, more preferably 90 mass% or more, and still more preferably 100 mass%.
- At least one of N, N′-di (1-naphthyl) benzidine and N, N′-di (2-naphthyl) benzidine is a total charge transporting substance.
- it is contained in an amount of 70% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and still more preferably 100% by mass.
- N, N′-di (1-naphthyl) benzidine is a total charge transporter.
- the active substance preferably contains 70% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and still more preferably 100% by mass.
- the charge transport varnish of the present invention contains a dopant substance.
- the dopant substance include a heteropoly acid and an aryl sulfonic acid compound.
- an aryl sulfonic acid compound is used as the dopant substance. Is preferably included as an essential component.
- the aryl sulfonic acid compound is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected from conventionally known ones.
- the aryl sulfonic acid compounds described in No. 096352 can be preferably used.
- an aryl sulfonic acid compound represented by the formula (1) or (2) is preferable.
- a 1 represents O or S, and O is preferable.
- a 2 represents a naphthalene ring or an anthracene ring, and a naphthalene ring is preferable.
- a 3 represents a divalent to tetravalent perfluorobiphenyl group, p is showed binding speed between A 1 and A 3, is an integer that satisfies 2 ⁇ p ⁇ 4,
- a 3 is a divalent par It is preferably a fluorobiphenyl group and p is 2.
- q represents the number of sulfonic acid groups bonded to A 3 and is an integer satisfying 1 ⁇ q ⁇ 4, but 2 is optimal.
- a 4 to A 8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or the number of carbon atoms 2 to 20 halogenated alkenyl groups are represented, and at least three of A 4 to A 8 are halogen atoms.
- r represents the number of sulfonic acid groups bonded to the naphthalene ring, and is an integer satisfying 1 ⁇ r ⁇ 4, preferably 2 to 4, and most preferably 2.
- halogen atom examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom is preferable.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms may be linear, branched, or cyclic.
- halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms examples include groups in which at least one hydrogen atom in the above alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms is substituted with a halogen atom. Specific examples thereof include a trifluoromethyl group.
- 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group 1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl group, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl group, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro Propyl group, 1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropyl group, 4,4,4-trifluorobutyl group, 3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl group, 2, Examples include 2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutyl group and 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutyl group.
- halogenated alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms examples include ethenyl group, n-1-propenyl group, n-2-propenyl group, 1-methylethenyl group, n-1-butenyl group, n-2-butenyl group, n -3-butenyl group, 2-methyl-1-propenyl group, 2-methyl-2-propenyl group, 1-ethylethenyl group, 1-methyl-1-propenyl group, 1-methyl-2-propenyl group, n-1 A group obtained by substituting at least one hydrogen atom in an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms such as a -pentenyl group, n-1-decenyl group, n-1-eicocenyl group, etc. with a halogen atom; Perfluorovinyl group, perfluoropropenyl group (allyl group), perfluorobutenyl group and the like.
- a 4 to A 8 are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl halide having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- at least three of A 4 to A 8 are preferably fluorine atoms, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, cyano group, alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the perfluoroalkyl group is a group in which all hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group are substituted with fluorine atoms
- the perfluoroalkenyl group is a group in which all hydrogen atoms of the alkenyl group are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- Suitable arylsulfonic acid compounds include, but are not limited to, those shown below.
- the amount used is 0.05 to 15.0, preferably 0.10 to 10.0, more preferably 0, in molar ratio to the charge transporting substance 1. .25 to 7.0, more preferably 0.50 to 5.0, and even more preferably 0.75 to 3.0.
- the ratio of the substance amount (M A ) of the aryl sulfonic acid compound to the substance amount (M H ) of the charge transport substance is 0.05 ⁇ M A / M H ⁇ 15.
- the dopant material used in the charge transporting varnish of the present invention preferably contains an aryl sulfonic acid compound as an essential component as described above.
- the aryl sulfonic acid compound is used as necessary.
- other dopant materials may be included.
- Other dopant materials are not particularly limited as long as they are soluble in at least one solvent used for varnish, but have good compatibility when thinned with a charge transporting material and an aryl sulfonic acid compound. Therefore, a heteropolyacid is preferable.
- Heteropolyacids typically have a structure in which a heteroatom is located at the center of the molecule, represented by a Keggin type represented by formula (B1) or a Dawson type chemical structure represented by formula (B2), and vanadium ( V), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), and other polyacids such as isopolyacids that are oxygen acids and oxygenates of different elements are condensed.
- a heteroatom represented by formula (B1) or a Dawson type chemical structure represented by formula (B2)
- V vanadium
- Mo molybdenum
- W tungsten
- other polyacids such as isopolyacids that are oxygen acids and oxygenates of different elements are condensed.
- oxygen acid of such a different element mainly include silicon (Si), phosphorus (P), and arsenic (As) oxygen acids.
- heteropolyacid examples include phosphomolybdic acid, silicomolybdic acid, phosphotungstic acid, silicotungstic acid, and lintongue molybdic acid. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Good.
- the heteropolyacid used by this invention is available as a commercial item, and can also be synthesize
- the heteropolyacid is preferably phosphotungstic acid or phosphomolybdic acid, and phosphotungstic acid is most suitable.
- heteropolyacids When two or more heteropolyacids are used together with the aryl sulfonic acid compound, one of them is preferably phosphotungstic acid or phosphomolybdic acid, more preferably phosphotungstic acid.
- Heteropolyacids are those obtained as commercially available products or known syntheses even if the number of elements in the quantitative analysis such as elemental analysis is large or small from the structure represented by the general formula As long as it is appropriately synthesized according to the method, it can be used in the present invention.
- phosphotungstic acid is represented by the chemical formula H 3 (PW 12 O 40 ) ⁇ nH 2 O
- phosphomolybdic acid is represented by the chemical formula H 3 (PMo 12 O 40 ) ⁇ nH 2 O, respectively.
- P (phosphorus), O (oxygen), W (tungsten) or Mo (molybdenum) in this formula is large or small, it is obtained as a commercial product.
- W (tungsten) or Mo (molybdenum) in this formula is large or small, it is obtained as a commercial product.
- it can be used in the present invention.
- the mass of the heteropolyacid defined in the present invention is not the mass of pure phosphotungstic acid (phosphotungstic acid content) in the synthesized product or commercially available product, but a commercially available form and a known synthesis. In a form that can be isolated by the method, it means the total mass in a state containing hydration water and other impurities.
- the amount used is about 0.5 to 30.0, preferably about 1.0 to 20.0, more preferably 2.0 to 15 in terms of mass ratio to the charge transporting substance 1.
- the ratio of the mass (W D ) of the heteropolyacid to the mass (W H ) of the charge transport material is 0.5 ⁇ W D / W H ⁇ 30.0, preferably 1.0 ⁇ W D / W H ⁇ 20.0, more preferably 2.0 ⁇ W D / W H ⁇ 15.0, even more preferably 3.0 ⁇ W D / W H ⁇ 12.0, Preferably 4.0 ⁇ W D / W H ⁇ 11.0 is satisfied.
- a highly soluble solvent that can dissolve the charge transporting substance and the dopant substance satisfactorily can be used.
- highly soluble solvents include cyclohexanone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, and diethylene glycol monomethyl ether.
- organic solvents examples include, but are not limited to, organic solvents. These solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more, and the amount used can be 5 to 100% by mass with respect to the total solvent used in the varnish.
- the charge transporting substance and the dopant substance are preferably either completely dissolved or uniformly dispersed in the solvent, and more preferably completely dissolved.
- the varnish has a viscosity of 10 to 200 mPa ⁇ s, particularly 35 to 150 mPa ⁇ s at 25 ° C., and a boiling point of 50 to 300 ° C., particularly 150 to 250 ° C. at normal pressure (atmospheric pressure).
- a viscosity 10 to 200 mPa ⁇ s, particularly 35 to 150 mPa ⁇ s at 25 ° C., and a boiling point of 50 to 300 ° C., particularly 150 to 250 ° C. at normal pressure (atmospheric pressure).
- the high viscosity organic solvent examples include cyclohexanol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,3-octylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, Examples include, but are not limited to, 2,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, and the like. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the addition ratio of the high-viscosity organic solvent to the entire solvent used in the varnish of the present invention is preferably within a range where no solid precipitates, and the addition ratio is preferably 5 to 90% by mass as long as no solid precipitates.
- solvents are used in an amount of 1 to 90% by mass, preferably It is also possible to mix at a ratio of 1 to 50% by mass.
- solvents include propylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol.
- Examples include, but are not limited to, monoethyl ether, diacetone alcohol, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ethyl lactate, and n-hexyl acetate. These solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the viscosity of the varnish of the present invention is appropriately set according to the thickness of the thin film to be produced and the solid content concentration, but is usually 1 to 50 mPa ⁇ s at 25 ° C.
- the solid content concentration of the charge transporting varnish in the present invention is appropriately set in consideration of the viscosity and surface tension of the varnish, the thickness of the thin film to be produced, etc. In consideration of improving the coatability of the varnish, it is preferably about 0.5 to 5.0% by mass, more preferably about 1.0 to 3.0% by mass.
- a charge transporting thin film can be formed on a base material by applying the charge transporting varnish described above onto the base material and baking it.
- the method for applying the varnish is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a dipping method, a spin coating method, a transfer printing method, a roll coating method, a brush coating, an ink jet method, and a spray method. It is preferable to adjust the viscosity and surface tension.
- the firing atmosphere is not particularly limited, and a thin film having a uniform film formation surface and a high charge transport property not only in the air atmosphere but also in an inert gas such as nitrogen or in a vacuum. Obtainable.
- the firing temperature is appropriately set within a range of about 100 to 260 ° C. in consideration of the intended use of the obtained thin film, the degree of charge transportability imparted to the obtained thin film, the type and boiling point of the solvent, and the like.
- the obtained thin film is used as a hole injection layer of an organic EL device, it is preferably about 140 to 250 ° C., more preferably about 145 to 240 ° C.
- a temperature change of two or more steps may be applied for the purpose of developing a higher uniform film forming property or causing the reaction to proceed on the substrate. What is necessary is just to perform using suitable apparatuses, such as oven.
- the thickness of the charge transporting thin film is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 200 nm when used as a hole injection layer in an organic EL device.
- Methods for changing the film thickness include methods such as changing the solid content concentration in the varnish and changing the amount of the solution on the substrate during coating.
- Examples of materials used and methods for producing an OLED element using the charge transporting varnish of the present invention include the following, but are not limited thereto.
- the electrode substrate to be used is preferably cleaned in advance by liquid cleaning with a detergent, alcohol, pure water or the like.
- the anode substrate is subjected to surface treatment such as UV ozone treatment or oxygen-plasma treatment immediately before use. It is preferable.
- the anode material is mainly composed of an organic material, the surface treatment may not be performed.
- the example of the manufacturing method of the OLED element which has a positive hole injection layer which consists of a thin film obtained from the charge transportable varnish of this invention is as follows.
- the charge transporting varnish of the present invention is applied onto the anode substrate and baked to produce a hole injection layer on the electrode.
- This is introduced into a vacuum deposition apparatus, and a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an electron transport layer / hole block layer, and a cathode metal are sequentially deposited to form an OLED element.
- an electron blocking layer may be provided between the light emitting layer and the hole transport layer.
- anode material examples include transparent electrodes typified by indium tin oxide (ITO) and indium zinc oxide (IZO), metal anodes typified by aluminum, alloys thereof, and the like. What performed the chemical conversion process is preferable. Polythiophene derivatives and polyaniline derivatives having high charge transporting properties can also be used. Other metals constituting the metal anode include scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, cadmium.
- Materials for forming the hole transport layer include (triphenylamine) dimer derivative, [(triphenylamine) dimer] spirodimer, N, N′-bis (naphthalen-1-yl) -N, N′-bis (Phenyl) -benzidine ( ⁇ -NPD), N, N′-bis (naphthalen-2-yl) -N, N′-bis (phenyl) -benzidine, N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl)- N, N′-bis (phenyl) -benzidine, N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl) -N, N′-bis (phenyl) -9,9-spirobifluorene, N, N′-bis ( Naphthalen-1-yl) -N, N′-bis (phenyl) -9,9-spirobifluorene, N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl) -N, N′-bis (phenyl) -9,9-spir
- Materials for forming the light emitting layer include tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (III) (Alq 3 ), bis (8-quinolinolato) zinc (II) (Znq 2 ), bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) ( p-phenylphenolate) aluminum (III) (BAlq), 4,4′-bis (2,2-diphenylvinyl) biphenyl, 9,10-di (naphthalen-2-yl) anthracene, 2-t-butyl- 9,10-di (naphthalen-2-yl) anthracene, 2,7-bis [9,9-di (4-methylphenyl) -fluoren-2-yl] -9,9-di (4-methylphenyl) Fluorene, 2-methyl-9,10-bis (naphthalen-2-yl) anthracene, 2- (9,9-spirobifluoren-2-yl) -9,9-spirobifluore 2,
- luminescent dopants examples include 3- (2-benzothiazolyl) -7- (diethylamino) coumarin, 2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-1H, 5H, 11H-10-.
- Materials for forming the electron transport layer / hole block layer include 8-hydroxyquinolinolate-lithium, 2,2 ′, 2 ′′-(1,3,5-benztolyl) -tris (1-phenyl-1- H-benzimidazole), 2- (4-biphenyl) 5- (4-t-butylphenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10- Phenanthroline, 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolate) -4- (phenylphenolato) aluminum, 1,3-bis [2- (2,2′-bipyridine- 6-yl) -1,3,4-oxadiazo-5-yl] benzene, 6,6′-bis [5- (biphenyl-4-yl) -1,3,4-oxadiazo-2-yl] -2 , 2'- Pyridine, 3- (4-bi
- Materials for forming the electron injection layer include lithium oxide (Li 2 O), magnesium oxide (MgO), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), lithium fluoride (LiF), sodium fluoride (NaF), magnesium fluoride ( MgF 2 ), cesium fluoride (CsF), strontium fluoride (SrF 2 ), molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ), aluminum, Li (acac), lithium acetate, lithium benzoate and the like.
- Examples of the cathode material include aluminum, magnesium-silver alloy, aluminum-lithium alloy, lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium and the like.
- Examples of the material for forming the electron blocking layer include tris (phenylpyrazole) iridium.
- the manufacturing method of the PLED element using the charge transportable varnish of this invention is not specifically limited, The following methods are mentioned.
- the hole transport polymer layer and the light emitting polymer layer are sequentially formed.
- a PLED element having a charge transporting thin film formed by the charge transporting varnish of the invention can be produced.
- the charge transporting varnish of the present invention is applied on the anode substrate to prepare a hole injection layer by the above method, and a hole transporting polymer layer and a light emitting polymer layer are sequentially formed thereon. Then, a cathode is vapor-deposited to obtain a PLED element.
- the hole transporting polymer layer and the light emitting polymer layer can be formed by adding a solvent to a hole transporting polymer material or a light emitting polymer material, or a material obtained by adding a dopant substance to the hole transporting polymer material. And a method of forming a film by uniformly dispersing and coating the film on a hole injection layer or a hole transporting polymer layer and then firing the respective layers.
- Examples of the light-emitting polymer material include polyfluorene derivatives such as poly (9,9-dialkylfluorene) (PDAF), poly (2-methoxy-5- (2′-ethylhexoxy) -1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH). And polyphenylene vinylene derivatives such as -PPV), polythiophene derivatives such as poly (3-alkylthiophene) (PAT), and polyvinylcarbazole (PVCz).
- polyfluorene derivatives such as poly (9,9-dialkylfluorene) (PDAF), poly (2-methoxy-5- (2′-ethylhexoxy) -1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH).
- polyphenylene vinylene derivatives such as -PPV
- polythiophene derivatives such as poly (3-alkylthiophene) (PAT)
- PVCz polyvinylcarbazole
- Examples of the solvent include toluene, xylene, chloroform, and the like.
- Examples of the dissolution or uniform dispersion method include methods such as stirring, heating and stirring, and ultrasonic dispersion.
- the application method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an inkjet method, a spray method, a dipping method, a spin coating method, a transfer printing method, a roll coating method, and a brush coating method.
- the application is preferably performed under an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon.
- Examples of the firing method include a method of heating in an oven or a hot plate under an inert gas or in a vacuum.
- Example 1-2 Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 0.143 g of N, N′-di (1-naphthyl) benzidine, 0.200 g of arylsulfonic acid represented by the above formula (A1) and 0.086 g of phosphotungstic acid were dissolved in 15 g of DMI. . Thereto, 3.0 g of CHA and 3.0 g of PG were added and stirred to prepare a charge transporting varnish.
- Example 2-1 Manufacture and characteristic evaluation of organic EL device
- the charge transporting varnish obtained in Example 1-1 was applied to an ITO substrate using a spin coater, dried at 80 ° C. for 1 minute, and further baked at 230 ° C. for 15 minutes in an air atmosphere. A uniform thin film of 30 nm was formed on the substrate.
- As the ITO substrate a glass substrate of 25 mm ⁇ 25 mm ⁇ 0.7 t in which indium tin oxide (ITO) is patterned on the surface with a film thickness of 150 nm is used, and an O 2 plasma cleaning apparatus (150 W, 30 seconds) before use. To remove impurities on the surface.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- N, N′-di (1-naphthyl) -N, N′-diphenylbenzidine ( ⁇ -) is applied to the ITO substrate on which the thin film has been formed using a vapor deposition apparatus (degree of vacuum: 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa).
- NPD tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (III) (Alq 3 ), lithium fluoride, and aluminum thin films were sequentially laminated to obtain an organic EL device.
- the deposition rate is 0.2 nm / second for ⁇ -NPD, Alq 3 and aluminum, and 0.02 nm / second for lithium fluoride, and the film thicknesses are 30 nm, 40 nm, and 0.2 nm, respectively.
- a water catching agent manufactured by Dynic Co., Ltd., HD-071010W-40 was placed in the sealing substrate together with the organic EL element.
- the bonded sealing substrate was irradiated with UV light (wavelength: 365 nm, irradiation amount: 6,000 mJ / cm 2 ), and then annealed at 80 ° C. for 1 hour to cure the adhesive.
- Example 2-2 Comparative Example 2
- An organic EL device was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that the varnish obtained in Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1 was used instead of the varnish obtained in Example 1-1. Produced.
- the devices manufactured in Examples 2-1 and 2-2 were measured for current density, luminance, and current efficiency at a driving voltage of 5V. The results are shown in Table 1. In addition, the luminance half-life (initial luminance of 5000 cd / m 2 ) of the devices manufactured in Examples 2-1 and 2-2 and Comparative Example 2 was measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
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Abstract
Description
有機EL素子においては複数の機能性薄膜が用いられるが、その中の1つである正孔注入層は、陽極と正孔輸送層または発光層との電荷の授受を担い、有機EL素子の低電圧駆動および高輝度を達成するために重要な機能を果たす。
しかし、正孔注入層用のウェットプロセス材料に関しては、常に改善が求められており、特許文献4の薄膜を備えた有機EL素子は、耐久性という点で改善の余地があった。
1. 電荷輸送性物質とドーパント物質と有機溶媒とを含み、前記電荷輸送性物質が、N,N′-ジ(1-ナフチル)ベンジジン、N,N′-ジ(2-ナフチル)ベンジジンおよびN-(1-ナフチル)-N′-(2-ナフチル)ベンジジンから選ばれる少なくとも1種を含むことを特徴とする電荷輸送性ワニス、
2. 前記ドーパント物質が、アリールスルホン酸化合物を必須成分として含む1の電荷輸送性ワニス、
3. 前記電荷輸送性物質が、N,N′-ジ(1-ナフチル)ベンジジンを含む1または2の電荷輸送性ワニス、
4. 前記ドーパント物質が、さらにヘテロポリ酸を含む2または3の電荷輸送性ワニス、
5. 1~4のいずれかの電荷輸送性ワニスを用いて作製される電荷輸送性薄膜、
6. 5の電荷輸送性薄膜を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、
7. 前記電荷輸送性薄膜が、正孔注入層を構成する6の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、
8. 1~4のいずれかの電荷輸送性ワニスを基材上に塗布し、溶媒を蒸発させることを特徴とする電荷輸送性薄膜の製造方法、
9. 陽極および陰極と、これら各極間に介在する発光層、正孔注入層および正孔輸送層を含む複数の機能層と、を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の輝度の耐久性向上方法であって、前記正孔注入層を構成する電荷輸送性物質としてN,N′-ジ(1-ナフチル)ベンジジン、N,N′-ジ(2-ナフチル)ベンジジンおよびN-(1-ナフチル)-N′-(2-ナフチル)ベンジジンから選ばれる少なくとも1種を用いることを特徴とする耐久性向上方法
を提供する。
また、本発明の電荷輸送性ワニスは、スピンコート法やスリットコート法など、大面積に成膜可能な各種ウェットプロセスを用いた場合でも、電荷輸送性に優れた薄膜を再現性よく製造できるため、近年の有機EL素子の分野における進展にも十分対応できる。
本発明に係る電荷輸送性ワニスは、電荷輸送性物質とドーパント物質と有機溶媒とを含み、電荷輸送性物質が、N,N′-ジ(1-ナフチル)ベンジジン、N,N′-ジ(2-ナフチル)ベンジジンおよびN-(1-ナフチル)-N′-(2-ナフチル)ベンジジンから選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む。
なお、本発明の電荷輸送性物質としては、N,N′-ジナフチルベンジジンとともに、それ以外の公知の電荷輸送性物質を併用することもできるが、その場合でも、得られる有機EL素子の耐久性向上という点から、N,N′-ジナフチルベンジジンが電荷輸送性物質の主成分(50質量%超)である必要があり、好ましくはN,N′-ジナフチルベンジジンが全電荷輸送性物質の70質量%以上、より好ましくは90質量%以上、より一層好ましくは100質量%である。
ドーパント物質の具体例としては、ヘテロポリ酸やアリールスルホン酸化合物が挙げられるが、当該ワニスから得られる薄膜を備えた有機EL素子の輝度の耐久性を向上させる観点から、ドーパント物質としてアリールスルホン酸化合物を必須成分として含むことが好ましい。
アリールスルホン酸化合物としては、特に限定されるものではなく、従来公知のものから適宜選択して用いることができ、例えば、国際公開第2006/025342号記載のアリールスルホン酸化合物、国際公開第2009/096352号記載のアリールスルホン酸化合物等を好適に用いることができる。
中でも、式(1)または(2)で表されるアリールスルホン酸化合物が好ましい。
A2は、ナフタレン環またはアントラセン環を表すが、ナフタレン環が好ましい。
A3は、2~4価のパーフルオロビフェニル基を表し、pは、A1とA3との結合数を示し、2≦p≦4を満たす整数であるが、A3が2価のパーフルオロビフェニル基であり、かつ、pが2であることが好ましい。
qは、A3に結合するスルホン酸基数を表し、1≦q≦4を満たす整数であるが、2が最適である。
rは、ナフタレン環に結合するスルホン酸基数を表し、1≦r≦4を満たす整数であるが、2~4が好ましく、2が最適である。
炭素数1~20のアルキル基としては、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、環状のいずれでもよく、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、s-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、n-ペンチル基、n-ヘキシル基、n-ヘプチル基、n-オクチル基、n-ノニル基、n-デシル基等の炭素数1~20の直鎖または分岐鎖状アルキル基;シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロヘプチル基、シクロオクチル基、シクロノニル基、シクロデシル基、ビシクロブチル基、ビシクロペンチル基、ビシクロヘキシル基、ビシクロヘプチル基、ビシクロオクチル基、ビシクロノニル基、ビシクロデシル基等の炭素数3~20の環状アルキル基などが挙げられる。
なお、パーフルオロアルキル基とは、アルキル基の水素原子全てがフッ素原子に置換された基であり、パーフルオロアルケニル基とは、アルケニル基の水素原子全てがフッ素原子に置換された基である。
その他のドーパント物質としては、ワニスに使用する少なくとも一種の溶媒に溶解するものであれば特に限定されるものではないが、電荷輸送性物質およびアリールスルホン酸化合物とともに薄膜化した場合において良好な相溶性を示すことから、ヘテロポリ酸が好ましい。
特に、アリールスルホン酸化合物とともに用いるヘテロポリ酸が1種類である場合、そのヘテロポリ酸は、リンタングステン酸またはリンモリブデン酸が好ましく、リンタングステン酸が最適である。また、アリールスルホン酸化合物とともに用いるヘテロポリ酸が2種類以上の場合、それらの1つは、リンタングステン酸またはリンモリブデン酸が好ましく、リンタングステン酸がより好ましい。
なお、ヘテロポリ酸は、元素分析等の定量分析において、一般式で示される構造から元素の数が多いもの、または少ないものであっても、それが市販品として入手したもの、あるいは、公知の合成方法にしたがって適切に合成したものである限り、本発明において用いることができる。
すなわち、例えば、一般的には、リンタングステン酸は化学式H3(PW12O40)・nH2Oで、リンモリブデン酸は化学式H3(PMo12O40)・nH2Oでそれぞれ示されるが、定量分析において、この式中のP(リン)、O(酸素)またはW(タングステン)もしくはMo(モリブデン)の数が多いもの、または少ないものであっても、それが市販品として入手したもの、あるいは、公知の合成方法にしたがって適切に合成したものである限り、本発明において用いることができる。この場合、本発明に規定されるヘテロポリ酸の質量とは、合成物や市販品中における純粋なリンタングステン酸の質量(リンタングステン酸含量)ではなく、市販品として入手可能な形態および公知の合成法にて単離可能な形態において、水和水やその他の不純物等を含んだ状態での全質量を意味する。
このような高溶解性溶媒としては、例えば、シクロヘキサノン、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N-メチルピロリドン、1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノン、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル等の有機溶媒が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。これらの溶媒は1種単独で、または2種以上混合して用いることができ、その使用量は、ワニスに使用する溶媒全体に対して5~100質量%とすることができる。
なお、電荷輸送性物質およびドーパント物質は、いずれも上記溶媒に完全に溶解しているか、均一に分散している状態となっていることが好ましく、完全に溶解していることがより好ましい。
高粘度有機溶媒としては、例えば、シクロヘキサノール、エチレングリコール、エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、1,3-オクチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、トリプロピレングリコール、1,3-ブタンジオール、2,3-ブタンジオール、1,4-ブタンジオール、プロピレングリコール、へキシレングリコール等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。これらの溶媒は単独で用いてもよく、2種以上混合して用いてもよい。
本発明のワニスに用いられる溶媒全体に対する高粘度有機溶媒の添加割合は、固体が析出しない範囲内であることが好ましく、固体が析出しない限りにおいて、添加割合は、5~90質量%が好ましい。
このような溶媒としては、例えば、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジアセトンアルコール、γ-ブチロラクトン、エチルラクテート、n-ヘキシルアセテート等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。これらの溶媒は1種単独で、または2種以上混合して用いることができる。
また、本発明における電荷輸送性ワニスの固形分濃度は、ワニスの粘度および表面張力等や、作製する薄膜の厚み等を勘案して適宜設定されるものではあるが、通常、0.1~10.0質量%程度であり、ワニスの塗布性を向上させることを考慮すると、好ましくは0.5~5.0質量%程度、より好ましくは1.0~3.0質量%程度である。
ワニスの塗布方法としては、特に限定されるものではなく、ディップ法、スピンコート法、転写印刷法、ロールコート法、刷毛塗り、インクジェット法、スプレー法等が挙げられ、塗布方法に応じてワニスの粘度および表面張力を調節することが好ましい。
なお、焼成の際、より高い均一成膜性を発現させたり、基材上で反応を進行させたりする目的で、2段階以上の温度変化をつけてもよく、加熱は、例えば、ホットプレートやオーブン等、適当な機器を用いて行えばよい。
使用する電極基板は、洗剤、アルコール、純水等による液体洗浄を予め行って浄化しておくことが好ましく、例えば、陽極基板では使用直前にUVオゾン処理、酸素-プラズマ処理等の表面処理を行うことが好ましい。ただし陽極材料が有機物を主成分とする場合、表面処理を行わなくともよい。
上記の方法により、陽極基板上に本発明の電荷輸送性ワニスを塗布して焼成し、電極上に正孔注入層を作製する。これを真空蒸着装置内に導入し、正孔輸送層、発光層、電子輸送層、電子輸送層/ホールブロック層、陰極金属を順次蒸着してOLED素子とする。なお、必要に応じて、発光層と正孔輸送層との間に電子ブロック層を設けてよい。
陽極材料としては、インジウム錫酸化物(ITO)、インジウム亜鉛酸化物(IZO)に代表される透明電極や、アルミニウムに代表される金属やこれらの合金等から構成される金属陽極が挙げられ、平坦化処理を行ったものが好ましい。高電荷輸送性を有するポリチオフェン誘導体やポリアニリン誘導体を用いることもできる。
なお、金属陽極を構成するその他の金属としては、スカンジウム、チタン、バナジウム、クロム、マンガン、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル、銅、亜鉛、ガリウム、イットリウム、ジルコニウム、ニオブ、モリブデン、ルテニウム、ロジウム、パラジウム、カドミウム、インジウム、スカンジウム、ランタン、セリウム、プラセオジム、ネオジム、プロメチウム、サマリウム、ユウロピウム、ガドリニウム、テルビウム、ジスプロシウム、ホルミウム、エルビウム、ツリウム、イッテルビウム、ハフニウム、タリウム、タングステン、レニウム、オスミウム、イリジウム、プラチナ、金、チタン、鉛、ビスマスやこれらの合金等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるわけではない。
陰極材料としては、アルミニウム、マグネシウム-銀合金、アルミニウム-リチウム合金、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、セシウム等が挙げられる。
電子ブロック層を形成する材料としては、トリス(フェニルピラゾール)イリジウム等が挙げられる。
上記OLED素子作製において、正孔輸送層、発光層、電子輸送層、電子注入層の真空蒸着操作を行う代わりに、正孔輸送性高分子層、発光性高分子層を順次形成することによって本発明の電荷輸送性ワニスによって形成される電荷輸送性薄膜を有するPLED素子を作製することができる。
具体的には、陽極基板上に本発明の電荷輸送性ワニスを塗布して上記の方法により正孔注入層を作製し、その上に正孔輸送性高分子層、発光性高分子層を順次形成し、さらに陰極を蒸着してPLED素子とする。
正孔輸送性高分子層および発光性高分子層の形成法としては、正孔輸送性高分子材料もしくは発光性高分子材料、またはこれらにドーパント物質を加えた材料に溶媒を加えて溶解するか、均一に分散し、正孔注入層または正孔輸送性高分子層の上に塗布した後、それぞれ焼成することで成膜する方法が挙げられる。
塗布方法としては、特に限定されるものではなく、インクジェット法、スプレー法、ディップ法、スピンコート法、転写印刷法、ロールコート法、刷毛塗り等が挙げられる。なお、塗布は、窒素、アルゴン等の不活性ガス下で行うことが好ましい。
焼成する方法としては、不活性ガス下または真空中、オーブンまたはホットプレートで加熱する方法が挙げられる。
(1)基板洗浄:長州産業(株)製 基板洗浄装置(減圧プラズマ方式)
(2)ワニスの塗布:ミカサ(株)製 スピンコーターMS-A100
(3)膜厚測定:(株)小坂研究所製 微細形状測定機サーフコーダET-4000
(4)EL素子の作製:長州産業(株)製 多機能蒸着装置システムC-E2L1G1-N
(5)EL素子の輝度等の測定:(有)テック・ワールド製 I-V-L測定システム
(6)EL素子の寿命測定(輝度の半減期の測定):(株)イーエッチシー製 有機EL輝度寿命評価システムPEL-105S
[実施例1-1]
窒素雰囲気下で、N,N′-ジ(1-ナフチル)ベンジジン0.211gおよび式(A1)で表されるアリールスルホン酸0.218gを、1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノン(以下、DMI)15gに溶解させた。そこへシクロヘキサノール(以下、CHA)3.0gおよびプロピレングリコール(以下、PG)3.0gを加えて撹拌し、電荷輸送性ワニスを調製した。
なお、式(A1)で表されるアリールスルホン酸は、国際公開第2006/025342号の記載に基づき合成した(以下、同様)。
窒素雰囲気下で、N,N′-ジ(1-ナフチル)ベンジジン0.143g、上記式(A1)で表されるアリールスルホン酸0.200gおよびリンタングステン酸0.086gを、DMI15gに溶解させた。そこへCHA3.0gおよびPG3.0gを加えて撹拌し、電荷輸送性ワニスを調製した。
N,N′-ジ(1-ナフチル)ベンジジンの代わりに、N,N’-ジフェニルベンジジンを用いた以外は、実施例1-2と同様の方法で、電荷輸送性ワニスを調製した。
[実施例2-1]
実施例1-1で得られた電荷輸送性ワニスを、スピンコーターを用いてITO基板に塗布した後、80℃で1分間乾燥し、さらに、大気雰囲気下、230℃で15分間焼成し、ITO基板上に30nmの均一な薄膜を形成した。ITO基板としては、インジウム錫酸化物(ITO)が表面上に膜厚150nmでパターニングされた25mm×25mm×0.7tのガラス基板を用い、使用前にO2プラズマ洗浄装置(150W、30秒間)によって表面上の不純物を除去した。
次いで、薄膜を形成したITO基板に対し、蒸着装置(真空度1.0×10-5Pa)を用いてN,N’-ジ(1-ナフチル)-N,N’-ジフェニルベンジジン(α-NPD)、トリス(8-キノリノラート)アルミニウム(III)(Alq3)、フッ化リチウム、およびアルミニウムの薄膜を順次積層し、有機EL素子を得た。この際、蒸着レートは、α-NPD、Alq3およびアルミニウムについては0.2nm/秒、フッ化リチウムについては0.02nm/秒の条件でそれぞれ行い、膜厚は、それぞれ30nm、40nm、0.5nmおよび100nmとした。
なお、空気中の酸素、水等の影響による特性劣化を防止するため、有機EL素子は封止基板により封止した後、その特性を評価した。封止は、以下の手順で行った。
酸素濃度2ppm以下、露点-85℃以下の窒素雰囲気中で、有機EL素子を封止基板の間に収め、封止基板を接着材((株)MORESCO製、モレスコモイスチャーカット WB90US(P))により貼り合わせた。この際、捕水剤(ダイニック(株)製,HD-071010W-40)を有機EL素子と共に封止基板内に収めた。貼り合わせた封止基板に対し、UV光を照射(波長:365nm、照射量:6,000mJ/cm2)した後、80℃で1時間、アニーリング処理して接着材を硬化させた。
実施例1-1で得られたワニスの代わりに、それぞれ、実施例1-2,比較例1で得られたワニスを用いた以外は、実施例2-1と同様の方法で有機EL素子を作製した。
また、実施例2-1,2-2および比較例2で作製した素子の輝度の半減期(初期輝度5000cd/m2)を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
Claims (9)
- 電荷輸送性物質とドーパント物質と有機溶媒とを含み、
前記電荷輸送性物質が、N,N′-ジ(1-ナフチル)ベンジジン、N,N′-ジ(2-ナフチル)ベンジジンおよびN-(1-ナフチル)-N′-(2-ナフチル)ベンジジンから選ばれる少なくとも1種を含むことを特徴とする電荷輸送性ワニス。 - 前記ドーパント物質が、アリールスルホン酸化合物を必須成分として含む請求項1記載の電荷輸送性ワニス。
- 前記電荷輸送性物質が、N,N′-ジ(1-ナフチル)ベンジジンを含む請求項1または2記載の電荷輸送性ワニス。
- 前記ドーパント物質が、さらにヘテロポリ酸を含む請求項2または3記載の電荷輸送性ワニス。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載の電荷輸送性ワニスを用いて作製される電荷輸送性薄膜。
- 請求項5記載の電荷輸送性薄膜を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記電荷輸送性薄膜が、正孔注入層を構成する請求項6記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載の電荷輸送性ワニスを基材上に塗布し、溶媒を蒸発させることを特徴とする電荷輸送性薄膜の製造方法。
- 陽極および陰極と、これら各極間に介在する発光層、正孔注入層および正孔輸送層を含む複数の機能層と、を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の輝度の耐久性向上方法であって、
前記正孔注入層を構成する電荷輸送性物質としてN,N′-ジ(1-ナフチル)ベンジジン、N,N′-ジ(2-ナフチル)ベンジジンおよびN-(1-ナフチル)-N′-(2-ナフチル)ベンジジンから選ばれる少なくとも1種を用いることを特徴とする耐久性向上方法。
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