CN106537629A - 电荷传输性清漆 - Google Patents
电荷传输性清漆 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106537629A CN106537629A CN201580037628.1A CN201580037628A CN106537629A CN 106537629 A CN106537629 A CN 106537629A CN 201580037628 A CN201580037628 A CN 201580037628A CN 106537629 A CN106537629 A CN 106537629A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- charge
- transporting
- double
- benzidine
- bases
- Prior art date
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- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 75
- -1 aryl sulfonic acid compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzidine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011964 heteropoly acid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000001622 2-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
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- SMXKPSLCRALELV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-pyridin-3-ylbenzoate Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)OC)=CC=C1C1=CC=CN=C1 SMXKPSLCRALELV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- WFUHVLZOAXEIIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(naphthalen-2-ylamino)phenyl]phenyl]naphthalen-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(NC=3C=CC(=CC=3)C=3C=CC(NC=4C=C5C=CC=CC5=CC=4)=CC=3)=CC=C21 WFUHVLZOAXEIIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
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- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 7
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229940049706 benzodiazepine Drugs 0.000 description 5
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 5
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FSEXLNMNADBYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylquinoline Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=CC=C2)C2=N1 FSEXLNMNADBYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxomolybdenum Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 4
- RICKKZXCGCSLIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[carboxymethyl-[[3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-4-yl]methyl]amino]ethyl-[[3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-4-yl]methyl]amino]acetic acid Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CN(CCN(CC(O)=O)CC=2C(=C(C)N=CC=2CO)O)CC(O)=O)=C1O RICKKZXCGCSLIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000005360 2-phenylpyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LOIBXBUXWRVJCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-aminophenyl)-3-phenylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 LOIBXBUXWRVJCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229940116333 ethyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005816 fluoropropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LNQMQGXHWZCRFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl-[4-(4-triphenylsilylphenyl)phenyl]silane Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 LNQMQGXHWZCRFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- H10K85/633—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom
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Abstract
本发明提供电荷传输性清漆,其含有电荷传输性物质、掺杂剂物质和有机溶剂,且电荷传输性物质选自N,N'‑二(1‑萘基)联苯胺、N,N'‑二(2‑萘基)联苯胺以及N‑(1‑萘基)‑N'‑(2‑萘基)联苯胺中的至少1种,所述电荷传输性清漆能够形成当适用于空穴注入层时可实现耐久性优良的有机EL元件的电荷传输性薄膜。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电荷传输性清漆,更详细地说,涉及含有作为电荷传输性物质的N,N'-二萘基联苯胺的电荷传输性清漆。
背景技术
有机电致发光(EL)元件被期待在显示器或照明等领域中的实用化,为了达到低电压驱动、高亮度、高寿命等的目的,在关于材料和元件结构方面进行了各种各样的开发。
在有机EL元件中使用多种功能性薄膜,作为其中之一的空穴注入层,承担着阳极与空穴传输层或发光层之间的电荷的授受,发挥着用于实现有机EL元件的低电压驱动和高亮度的重要功能。
该空穴注入层的形成方法大致分为以蒸镀法为代表的干式法以及以旋涂法为代表的湿式法。对这些方法进行比较,湿式法可以高效率地制造大面积且平坦性优良的薄膜,因此,特别是在显示器领域中,往往采用湿式法。
在这样的状况下,本发明人等开发了各种含有苯胺衍生物作为电荷传输性物质的电荷传输性清漆(参见专利文献1~4),特别是发现,通过将由含有规定芳基二胺化合物和电子受容性掺杂剂的电荷传输性清漆制得的薄膜用作空穴注入层,可以获得亮度特性等优良的有机EL元件(参见专利文献4)。
然而,关于空穴注入层用的湿式法材料经常被要求进行改善,具备专利文献4的薄膜的有机EL元件在所谓耐久性方面还有改善的余地。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:国际公开第2006/025342号
专利文献2:国际公开第2008/032616号
专利文献3:国际公开第2010/058777号
专利文献4:国际公开第2013/042623号
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
本发明是鉴于上述情况而完成的,其目的是要提供能够形成当适用于空穴注入层时可实现耐久性优良的有机EL元件的电荷传输性薄膜的电荷传输性清漆。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明人为了达到上述目的而反复地进行了精心的研究,结果发现,当将各种芳基二胺化合物、特别是N,N'-二萘基联苯胺用作电荷传输性物质调制成电荷传输性清漆,并将由其制成的薄膜适用于有机EL元件的空穴注入层时,可获得耐久性良好的有机EL元件,至此完成了本发明。
即,本发明提供:
1、电荷传输性清漆,其含有电荷传输性物质、掺杂剂物质和有机溶剂,其特征在于,上述电荷传输性物质含有选自N,N'-二(1-萘基)联苯胺、N,N'-二(2-萘基)联苯胺以及N-(1-萘基)-N'-(2-萘基)联苯胺中的至少1种;
2、1所述的电荷传输性清漆,其中,上述掺杂剂物质含有芳基磺酸化合物作为必要成分;
3、1或2所述的电荷传输性清漆,其中,上述电荷传输性物质含有N,N'-二(1-萘基)联苯胺;
4、2或3所述的电荷传输性清漆,其中,上述掺杂剂物质还含有杂多酸;
5、电荷传输性薄膜,其是使用1~4的任1项所述的电荷传输性清漆制作的;
6、有机电致发光元件,其具有5所述的电荷传输性薄膜;
7、6所述的有机电致发光元件,其中,上述电荷传输性薄膜构成空穴注入层;
8、电荷传输性薄膜的制造方法,其特征在于,将1~4的任1项所述的电荷传输性清漆涂布到基材上,使溶剂蒸发;
9、提高耐久性的方法,其为提高有机电致发光元件的亮度的耐久性的方法,所述有机电致发光元件具有阳极和阴极、以及介于这些电极之间的包含发光层、空穴注入层和空穴传输层的多个功能层;其特征在于,作为构成上述空穴注入层的电荷传输性物质,使用选自N,N'-二(1-萘基)联苯胺、N,N'-二(2-萘基)联苯胺以及N-(1-萘基)-N'-(2-萘基)联苯胺中的至少1种。
发明的效果
由本发明电荷传输性清漆制作的薄膜显示出高的电荷传输性,因此可以适合作为以有机EL元件为代表的电子器件用的薄膜,特别是通过将该薄膜适用于有机EL元件的空穴注入层,可以获得亮度的耐久性优良的有机EL元件。
另外,本发明的电荷传输性清漆即使在采用旋涂法或狭缝涂布法等可大面积成膜的各种湿式工艺的情况下,能够再现性良好地制造电荷传输性优良的薄膜,因此,也能够充分应对近年来在有机EL元件领域的进展。
具体实施方式
以下更详细地说明本发明。
本发明所述的电荷传输性清漆含有电荷传输性物质、掺杂剂物质和有机溶剂,其中,电荷传输性物质含有选自N,N'-二(1-萘基)联苯胺、N,N'-二(2-萘基)联苯胺以及N-(1-萘基)-N'-(2-萘基)联苯胺中的至少1种。
作为电荷传输性物质,只要含有上述3种中的至少一种即可,其中优选N,N'-二(1-萘基)联苯胺、N,N'-二(2-萘基)联苯胺,更优选N,N'-二(1-萘基)联苯胺。
予以说明,作为本发明的电荷传输性物质,可以将N,N'-二萘基联苯胺与其他公知的电荷传输性物质合并使用,该情况下,从提高所获有机EL元件的耐久性的观点考虑,N,N'-二萘基联苯胺必须是电荷传输性物质的主要成分(50质量%以上),优选N,N'-二萘基联苯胺为全部电荷传输性物质的70质量%以上,更优选为90质量%以上,进一步优选为100质量%。
由于这样的理由,在本发明的优选方案中,N,N'-二(1-萘基)联苯胺和N,N'-二(2-萘基)联苯胺中的至少一方在全部电荷传输性物质中的含量,优选为70质量%以上,更优选为90质量%以上,进一步优选为100质量%;在更优选的方案中,N,N'-二(1-萘基)联苯胺在全部电荷传输性物质中的含量,优选为70质量%以上,更优选为90质量%以上,进一步优选为100质量%。
另外,本发明的电荷传输性清漆含有掺杂剂物质。
作为掺杂剂物质的具体例,可列举出杂多酸和芳基磺酸化合物,从提高具备由该清漆制得的薄膜的有机EL元件的亮度的耐久性的观点考虑,作为掺杂剂物质,优选含有芳基磺酸化合物作为必要成分。
作为芳基磺酸化合物,没有特殊限定,可以从以往公知的芳基磺酸化合物中适宜选择使用,可以使用例如,国际公开第2006/025342号记载的芳基磺酸化合物、国际公开第2009/096352号记载的芳基磺酸化合物等。
其中,优选由式(1)或(2)表示的芳基磺酸化合物。
[化1]
式(1)中,A1表示O或者S,优选O。
A2表示萘环或者蒽环,优选萘环。
A3表示2~4价的全氟联苯基;p表示A1与A3的结合数,为满足2≤p≤4的整数;优选A3为2价的全氟联苯基,且p为2。
q表示与A3键合的磺酸基个数,为满足1≤q≤4的整数,以2为最佳。
式(2)中,A4~A8彼此独立地表示氢原子、卤原子、氰基、碳数1~20的烷基、碳数1~20的卤代烷基、或者碳数2~20的卤代烯基,A4~A8中的至少3个为卤原子。
r表示与萘环键合的磺酸基个数,为满足1≤r≤4的整数,优选为2~4,以2为最佳。
作为卤原子,可列举出氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子等,优选氟原子。
作为碳数1~20的烷基,可以是直链状、支链状、环状中的任一种,可列举出例如,甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基、正癸基基等的碳数1~20的直链或者支链状烷基;环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、环壬基、环癸基、双环丁基、双环戊基、双环己基、双环庚基、双环辛基、双环壬基、双环癸基等的碳数3~20的环状烷基等。
作为碳数1~20的卤代烷基,可列举出上述碳数1~20的烷基中的至少1个氢原子被卤原子取代而成的基团,作为其具体例,可列举出三氟甲基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、1,1,2,2,2-五氟乙基、3,3,3-三氟丙基、2,2,3,3,3-五氟丙基、1,1,2,2,3,3,3-七氟丙基、4,4,4-三氟丁基、3,3,4,4,4-五氟丁基、2,2,3,3,4,4,4-七氟丁基、1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-九氟丁基等。
作为碳数2~20的卤代烯基,可列举出乙烯基、正-1-丙烯基、正-2-丙烯基、1-甲基乙烯基、正-1-丁烯基、正-2-丁烯基、正-3-丁烯基、2-甲基-1-丙烯基、2-甲基-2-丙烯基、1-乙基乙烯基、1-甲基-1-丙烯基、1-甲基-2-丙烯基、正-1-戊烯基、正-1-癸烯基、正-1-二十碳烯基等碳数2~20的烯基中的至少1个氢原子被卤原子取代而成的基团,作为其具体例,可列举出全氟乙烯基、全氟丙烯基(烯丙基)、全氟丁烯基等。
其中,优选A4~A8为氢原子、卤原子、氰基、碳数1~10的烷基、碳数1~10的卤代烷基、或者碳数2~10的卤代烯基,且A4~A8中的至少3个为氟原子;更优选为氢原子、氟原子、氰基、碳数1~5的烷基、碳数1~5的氟代烷基、或者碳数2~5的氟代烯基,且A4~A8中的至少3个为氟原子;进一步优选为氢原子、氟原子、氰基、碳数1~5的全氟烷基、或者碳数1~5的全氟烯基,且A4、A5和A8为氟原子。
予以说明,全氟烷基是指烷基的全部氢原子被氟原子所取代的基团;全氟烯基是指烯基的全部氢原子被氟原子所取代的基团。
作为适宜的芳基磺酸化合物的具体例,可列举出以下所示的化合物,但不限定于这些化合物。
[化2]
当使用芳基磺酸作为掺杂剂物质时,相对于电荷传输性物质1,其使用量按摩尔比计为0.05~15.0,优选为0.10~10.0,更优选为0.25~7.0,进一步优选为0.50~5.0,更进一步优选为0.75~3.0,通过使其在该范围内,可以再现性良好地获得当用于有机EL元件时能够实现高亮度和高耐久性的电荷传输性薄膜。即,在这样的电荷传输性清漆中,芳基磺酸化合物的物质量(MA)相对于电荷传输性物质的物质量(MH)的比例,满足0.05≤MA/MH≤15.0,优选满足0.10≤MA/MH≤10.0,更优选满足0.25≤MA/MH≤7.0,进一步优选满足0.50≤MA/MH≤5.0,更进一步优选满足0.75≤MA/MH≤3.0。
本发明的电荷传输性清漆中使用的掺杂剂物质,优选含有如上所述的芳基磺酸化合物作为必要成分,为了提高电荷传输能力等,除了含有芳基磺酸化合物以外,还可以根据需要含有其他的掺杂剂物质。
作为其他的掺杂剂物质,只要是能够溶解于在清漆中使用的至少一种溶剂中的,就没有特殊限定,从在将电荷传输性物质和芳基磺酸化合物一起薄膜化的情况下能显示出良好的相溶性的观点考虑,优选杂多酸。
所谓杂多酸,是指具有以代表性的式(B1)所示凯金(Keggin)型或者式(B2)所示道生(Dawson)型的化学结构来表示的、杂原子位于分子中心的结构,由钒(V)、钼(Mo)、钨(W)等的含氧酸的同多酸(isopolyacid)与不同元素的含氧酸缩合而成的多酸。作为这类不同元素的含氧酸,主要可列举出硅(Si)、磷(P)、砷(As)的含氧酸。
[化3]
作为杂多酸的具体例,可列举出:磷钼酸、硅钼酸、磷钨酸、硅钨酸、磷钨钼酸等,它们可以单独使用,也可以将2种以上组合使用。予以说明,本发明中使用的杂多酸可以作为市售品购得,另外,也可以采用公知的方法来合成。
特别地,当与芳基磺酸化合物一起使用的杂多酸为1种时,该杂多酸优选为磷钨酸或者磷钼酸,以磷钨酸为最佳。另外,当与芳基磺酸化合物一起使用的杂多酸为2种以上时,它们中的1种优选为磷钨酸或者磷钼酸,更优选为磷钨酸。
予以说明,作为杂多酸,在元素分析等定量分析中,按照通式所示结构,不管杂多酸中的元素个数是多的或者是少的,只要它是作为市售品购得的、或者按照公知的合成方法适当合成的,均可以在本发明中使用。
即,例如,一般而言,磷钨酸由化学式H3(PW12O40)·nH2O表示,磷钼酸由化学式H3(PMo12O40)·nH2O表示,但在定量分析中,该式中的P(磷)、O(氧)或W(钨)或Mo(钼)的个数可能多些或者少些,只要它们是作为市售品购得的、或者按照公知的合成方法适当合成的,就可以在本发明中使用。该情况下,本发明中规定的杂多酸的质量不是指合成物或市售品中的纯的磷钨酸的质量(磷钨酸含量),而是指在可作为市售品购得的形态以及按照公知的合成法可分离的形态中,含有水合水或其他杂质等的状态的全部质量。
在使用杂多酸的情况下,相对于电荷传输性物质1,其使用量按质量比计为0.5~30.0程度,优选为1.0~20.0左右,更优选为2.0~15.0左右,进一步优选为3.0~12.0左右,更进一步优选为4.0~11.0左右,通过使其在该范围内,可以再现性良好地获得当用于有机EL元件时能够实现高亮度的电荷传输性薄膜。即,在这样的电荷传输性清漆中,杂多酸的质量(WD)相对于电荷传输性物质的质量(WH)的比例,满足0.5≤WD/WH≤30.0,优选满足1.0≤WD/WH≤20.0,更优选满足2.0≤WD/WH≤15.0,进一步优选满足3.0≤WD/WH≤12.0,更进一步优选满足4.0≤WD/WH≤11.0。
作为调制电荷传输性清漆时使用的有机溶剂,可以使用能够良好地溶解电荷传输性物质和掺杂剂物质的高溶解性溶剂。
作为这类高溶解性溶剂,可列举出例如,环己酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑烷酮、二甘醇单甲醚等有机溶剂,但不限定于这些溶剂。这些溶剂可以单独使用1种,或者将2种以上混合使用,相对于清漆中所使用的溶剂全体,其使用量可以为5~100质量%。
予以说明,电荷传输性物质和掺杂剂物质优选均成为完全溶解于或者均匀分散于任何上述溶剂中的状态,更优选为完全溶解的状态。
另外,本发明中,通过使清漆含有至少1种在25℃的粘度为10~200mPa·s、特别是35~150mPa·s、在常压(大气压)下的沸点为50~300℃、特别是150~250℃的高粘度有机溶剂,可以使清漆的粘度的调整变得容易,其结果,可以调制一类能够再现性良好地形成平坦性优良的薄膜的、适于所采用的涂布方法的清漆。
作为高粘度有机溶剂,可列举出例如,环己醇、乙二醇、乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、1,3-辛二醇、二甘醇、二丙二醇、三甘醇、三丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、2,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、丙二醇、己二醇等,但不限定于这些溶剂。这些溶剂可以单独使用,也可以将2种以上混合使用。
相对于本发明的清漆中所用的溶剂全体,高粘度有机溶剂的添加比例优选在不析出固体的范围内,只要不析出固体,添加比例优选为5~90质量%。
进而,为了提高对基板的润湿性、调整溶剂的表面张力、调整极性、调整沸点等,也可以按照相对于清漆中所用的溶剂全体为1~90质量%、优选1~50质量%的比例混合入其他溶剂。
作为这类溶剂,可列举出例如,丙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单丁醚、二甘醇二乙醚、二甘醇二甲醚、二甘醇单乙基醚乙酸酯、二甘醇单丁基醚乙酸酯、二丙二醇单甲醚、丙二醇单甲基醚乙酸酯、二甘醇单乙醚、二丙酮醇、γ-丁内酯、乳酸乙酯、乙酸正己酯等,但不限定于这些溶剂。这些溶剂可以单独使用1种,或者将2种以上混合使用。
本发明的清漆的粘度可根据所需制作的薄膜的厚度等或固体成分的浓度来适宜设定,通常在25℃下为1~50mPa·s。
另外,本发明的电荷传输性清漆的固体成分浓度,可根据清漆的粘度和表面张力等,以及所需制作的薄膜的厚度等来适宜设定,通常为0.1~10.0质量%左右,从提高清漆的涂布性考虑,优选为0.5~5.0质量%左右,更优选为1.0~3.0质量%左右。
将以上说明的电荷传输性清漆涂布到基材上,通过烘烤,可以使其在基材上形成电荷传输性薄膜。
作为清漆的涂布方法,没有特殊限定,可列举出浸涂法、旋涂法、转印法、辊涂法、刷涂法、喷墨法、喷涂法等,优选根据涂布方法来调节清漆的粘度和表面张力。
另外,当使用本发明的清漆时,对于烘烤气氛没有特殊限定,不仅在大气气氛中,而且在氮气等惰性气体或真空中,都能得到具有均匀成膜面和高电荷传输性的薄膜。
从所获薄膜的用途、向所获薄膜赋予的电荷传输性的程度、溶剂的种类和沸点等考虑,烘烤温度可在100~260℃左右的范围内适宜设定,当将所获薄膜用作有机EL元件的空穴注入层时,优选为140~250℃左右,更优选为145~240℃左右。
予以说明,烘烤时,为了使其显现更优良的均匀成膜性,或是为了使其在基材上进行反应,可以采用2阶段以上的温度变化,使用例如加热板或烘箱等适当的设备进行加热。
对电荷传输性薄膜的膜厚没有特殊限定,当在有机EL元件内用作空穴注入层时,优选为5~200nm。作为使膜厚发生变化的方法,有改变清漆中的固体成分浓度、或是改变涂布时基板上的溶液量等的方法。
当使用本发明的电荷传输性清漆制作OLED元件时,作为其使用材料和制作方法,可列举出下述的材料和方法,但不限定于此。
所使用的电极基板优选预先通过用洗涤剂、酒精、纯水等进行液体洗涤来净化,例如,优选在临使用前对阳极基板进行UV臭氧处理、氧-等离子体处理等表面处理。但是,当阳极材料以有机物作为主要成分时,也可以不进行表面处理。
具有包含由本发明电荷传输性清漆制得的薄膜的空穴注入层的OLED元件,其制作方法的例子如下。
采用上述的方法,在阳极基板上涂布本发明的电荷传输性清漆,并进行烘烤,在电极上制作空穴注入层。将其导入到真空蒸镀装置内,依次蒸镀空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层、电子传输层/空穴阻断层、阴极金属,制成OLED元件。予以说明,也可以根据需要,在发光层与空穴传输层之间设置电子阻断层。
作为阳极材料,可列举出以氧化铟锡(ITO)、氧化铟锌(IZO)为代表的透明电极、由以铝为代表的金属或它们的合金等构成的金属阳极,优选事先进行平坦化处理。也可以使用具有高电荷传输性的聚噻吩衍生物或聚苯胺衍生物。
予以说明,作为构成金属阳极的其他金属,可列举出钪、钛、钒、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、镓、钇、锆、铌、钼、钌、铑、钯、镉、铟、钪、镧、铈、镨、钕、钷、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱、铪、铊、钨、铼、锇、铱、铂、金、钛、铅、铋或它们的合金等,但不限定于这些金属。
作为形成空穴传输层的材料,可列举出(三苯胺)二聚物衍生物、[(三苯胺)二聚物]螺二聚物、N,N'-双(萘-1-基)-N,N'-双(苯基)-联苯胺(α-NPD)、N,N'-双(萘-2-基)-N,N'-双(苯基)-联苯胺、N,N'-双(3-甲基苯基)-N,N'-双(苯基)-联苯胺、N,N'-双(3-甲基苯基)-N,N'-双(苯基)-9,9-螺联芴、N,N'-双(萘-1-基)-N,N'-双(苯基)-9,9-螺联芴、N,N'-双(3-甲基苯基)-N,N'-双(苯基)-9,9-二甲基-芴、N,N'-双(萘-1-基)-N,N'-双(苯基)-9,9-二甲基-芴、N,N'-双(3-甲基苯基)-N,N'-双(苯基)-9,9-二苯基-芴、N,N'-双(萘-1-基)-N,N'-双(苯基)-9,9-二苯基-芴、N,N'-双(萘-1-基)-N,N'-双(苯基)-2,2'-二甲基联苯胺、2,2',7,7'-四(N,N-二苯基氨基)-9,9-螺联芴、9,9-双[4-(N,N-双-联苯-4-基-氨基)苯基]-9H-芴、9,9-双[4-(N,N-双-萘-2-基-氨基)苯基]-9H-芴、9,9-双[4-(N-萘-1-基-N-苯基氨基)-苯基]-9H-芴、2,2',7,7'-四[N-萘基(苯基)-氨基]-9,9-螺联芴、N,N'-双(菲-9-基)-N,N'-双(苯基)-联苯胺、2,2'-双[N,N-双(联苯-4-基)氨基]-9,9-螺联芴、2,2'-双(N,N-二苯基氨基)-9,9-螺联芴、二-[4-(N,N-二(对-甲苯基)氨基)-苯基]环己烷、2,2',7,7'-四(N,N-二(对-甲苯基))氨基-9,9-螺联芴、N,N,N',N'-四-萘-2-基-联苯胺、N,N,N',N'-四-(3-甲基苯基)-3,3'-二甲基联苯胺、N,N'-二(萘基)-N,N'-二(萘-2-基)-联苯胺、N,N,N',N'-四(萘基)-联苯胺、N,N'-二(萘-2-基)-N,N'-二苯基联苯胺-1,4-二胺、N1,N4-二苯基-N1,N4-二(间-甲苯基)苯-1,4-二胺、N2,N2,N6,N6-四苯基萘-2,6-二胺、三(4-(喹啉-8-基)苯基)胺、2,2'-双(3-(N,N-二(对-甲苯基)氨基)苯基)联苯、4,4',4”-三[3-甲基苯基(苯基)氨基]三苯胺(m-MTDATA)、4,4',4”-三[1-萘基(苯基)氨基]三苯胺(1-TNATA)等三芳基胺类、5,5”-双-{4-[双(4-甲基苯基)氨基]苯基}-2,2':5',2”-三联噻吩(BMA-3T)等低聚噻吩类等。
作为形成发光层的材料,可列举出三(8-羟基喹啉)铝(III)(Alq3)、双(8-羟基喹啉)锌(II)(Znq2)、双(2-甲基-8-羟基喹啉)(对-苯基苯酚)铝(III)(BAlq)、4,4'-双(2,2-二苯基乙烯基)联苯、9,10-二(萘-2-基)蒽、2-叔丁基-9,10-二(萘-2-基)蒽、2,7-双[9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)-芴-2-基]-9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)芴、2-甲基-9,10-双(萘-2-基)蒽、2-(9,9-螺联芴-2-基)-9,9-螺联芴、2,7-双(9,9-螺联芴-2-基)-9,9-螺联芴、2-[9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)-芴-2-基]-9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)芴、2,2'-二芘基-9,9-螺联芴、1,3,5-三(芘-1-基)苯、9,9-双[4-(芘基)苯基]-9H-芴、2,2'-双(9,10-二苯基蒽)、2,7-二芘基-9,9-螺联芴、1,4-二(芘-1-基)苯、1,3-二(芘-1-基)苯、6,13-二(联苯-4-基)并五苯、3,9-二(萘-2-基)苝、3,10-二(萘-2-基)苝、三[4-(芘基)-苯基]胺、10,10'-二(联苯-4-基)-9,9'-联蒽、N,N'-二(萘-1-基)-N,N'-二苯基-[1,1':4',1”:4”,1”'-四联苯基]-4,4”'-二胺、4,4'-二[10-(萘-1-基)蒽-9-基]联苯、二苯并{[f,f']-4,4',7,7'-四苯基}二茚并[1,2,3-cd:1',2',3'-lm]苝、1-(7-(9,9'-联蒽-10-基)-9,9-二甲基-9H-芴-2-基)芘、1-(7-(9,9'-联蒽-10-基)-9,9-二己基-9H-芴-2-基)芘、1,3-双(咔唑-9-基)苯、1,3,5-三(咔唑-9-基)苯、4,4',4”-三(咔唑-9-基)三苯胺、4,4'-双(咔唑-9-基)联苯(CBP)、4,4'-双(咔唑-9-基)-2,2'-二甲基联苯、2,7-双(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-二甲基芴、2,2',7,7'-四(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-螺联芴、2,7-双(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-二(对-甲苯基)芴、9,9-双[4-(咔唑-9-基)-苯基]芴、2,7-双(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-螺联芴、1,4-双(三苯基甲硅烷基)苯、1,3-双(三苯基甲硅烷基)苯、双(4-N,N-二乙氨基-2-甲基苯基)-4-甲基苯基甲烷、2,7-双(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-二辛基芴、4,4”-二(三苯基甲硅烷基)-对-三联苯、4,4'-二(三苯基甲硅烷基)联苯、9-(4-叔丁基苯基)-3,6-双(三苯基甲硅烷基)-9H-咔唑、9-(4-叔丁基苯基)-3,6-二三苯甲基-9H-咔唑、9-(4-叔丁基苯基)-3,6-双(9-(4-甲氧基苯基)-9H-芴-9-基)-9H-咔唑、2,6-双(3-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基)吡啶、三苯基(4-(9-苯基-9H-芴-9-基)苯基)硅烷、9,9-二甲基-N,N-二苯基-7-(4-(1-苯基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)苯基)-9H-芴-2-胺、3,5-双(3-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基)吡啶、9,9-螺联芴-2-基-二苯基-氧化膦、9,9'-(5-(三苯基甲硅烷基)-1,3-亚苯基)双(9H-咔唑)、3-(2,7-双(二苯基磷酰基)-9-苯基-9H-芴-9-基)-9-苯基-9H-咔唑、4,4,8,8,12,12-六(对-甲苯基)-4H-8H-12H-12C-吖二苯并[cd,mn]芘、4,7-二(9H-咔唑-9-基)-1,10-菲咯啉、2,2'-双(4-(咔唑-9-基)苯基)联苯、2,8-双(二苯基磷酰基)二苯并[b,d]噻吩、双(2-甲基苯基)二苯基硅烷、双[3,5-二(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基]二苯基硅烷、3,6-双(咔唑-9-基)-9-(2-乙基-己基)-9H-咔唑、3-(二苯基磷酰基)-9-(4-(二苯基磷酰基)苯基)-9H-咔唑、3,6-双[(3,5-二苯基)苯基]-9-苯基咔唑等,通过与发光性掺杂剂一起蒸镀,可以形成发光层。
作为发光性掺杂剂,可列举出3-(2-苯并噻唑基)-7-(二乙基氨基)香豆素、2,3,6,7-四氢-1,1,7,7-四甲基-1H,5H,11H-10-(2-苯并噻唑基)喹嗪并[9,9a,1gh]香豆素、喹吖酮、N,N'-二甲基-喹吖酮、三(2-苯基吡啶)铱(III)(Ir(ppy)3)、双(2-苯基吡啶)(乙酰丙酮)铱(III)(Ir(ppy)2(acac))、三[2-(对-甲苯基)吡啶]铱(III)(Ir(mppy)3)、9,10-双[N,N-二(对-甲苯基)氨基]蒽、9,10-双[苯基(间-甲苯基)氨基]蒽、双[2-(2-羟苯基)苯并噻唑]锌(II)、N10,N10,N10',N10'-四(对-甲苯基)-9,9'-联蒽-10,10'-二胺、N10,N10,N10',N10'-四苯基-9,9'-联蒽-10,10'-二胺、N10,N10'-二苯基-N10,N10'-二萘基-9,9'-联蒽-10,10'-二胺、4,4'-双(9-乙基-3-咔唑1,2-亚乙烯基)-1,1'-联苯、苝、2,5,8,11-四-叔丁基苝、1,4-双[2-(3-N-乙基咔唑基)乙烯基]苯、4,4'-双[4-(二-对-甲苯基氨基)苯乙烯基]联苯、4-(二-对-甲苯基氨基)-4'-[(二-对-甲苯基氨基)苯乙烯基]茋、双[3,5-二氟-2-(2-吡啶基)苯基-(2-羧基吡啶基)]铱(III)、4,4'-双[4-(二苯基氨基)苯乙烯基]联苯、双(2,4-二氟苯基吡啶)四(1-吡唑基)硼酸铱(III)、N,N'-双(萘-2-基)-N,N'-双(苯基)-三(9,9-二甲基亚芴基)、2,7-双{2-[苯基(间-甲苯基)氨基]-9,9-二甲基-芴-7-基}-9,9-二甲基-芴、N-(4-((E)-2-(6((E)-4-(二苯基氨基)苯乙烯基)萘-2-基)乙烯基)苯基)-N-苯基苯胺、fac-铱(III)三(1-苯基-3-甲基苯并咪唑啉-2-亚基-C,C2')、mer-铱(III)三(1-苯基-3-甲基苯并咪唑啉-2-亚基-C,C2')、2,7-双[4-(二苯基氨基)苯乙烯基]-9,9-螺联芴、6-甲基-2-(4-(9-(4-(6-甲基苯并[d]噻唑-2-基)苯基)蒽-10-基)苯基)苯并[d]噻唑、1,4-二[4-(N,N-二苯基)氨基]苯乙烯基苯、1,4-双(4-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯乙烯基)苯、(E)-6-(4-(二苯基氨基)苯乙烯基)-N,N-二苯基萘-2-胺、双(2,4-二氟苯基吡啶)(5-(吡啶-2-基)-1H-四唑)铱(III)、双(3-三氟甲基-5-(2-吡啶基)吡唑)((2,4-二氟苄基)二苯基次膦酸)铱(III)、双(3-三氟甲基-5-(2-吡啶基)吡唑)(苄基二苯基次膦酸)铱(III)、双(1-(2,4-二氟苄基)-3-甲基苯并咪唑鎓)(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(2-吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑)铱(III)、双(3-三氟甲基-5-(2-吡啶基)吡唑)(4',6'-二氟苯基吡啶)铱(III)、双(4',6'-二氟苯基吡啶)(3,5-双(三氟甲基)-2-(2'-吡啶基)吡咯)铱(III)、双(4',6'-二氟苯基吡啶)(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(2-吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑)铱(III)、(Z)-6-基-N-(6-基喹啉-2(1H)-亚基)喹啉-2-胺-BF2、(E)-2-(2-(4-(二甲氨基)苯乙烯基)-6-甲基-4H-吡喃-4-亚基)丙二腈、4-(二氰基亚甲基)-2-甲基-6-久洛里定基-9-烯基-4H-吡喃、4-(二氰基亚甲基)-2-甲基-6-(1,1,7,7-四甲基久洛里定基-9-烯基)-4H-吡喃、4-(二氰基亚甲基)-2-叔丁基-6-(1,1,7,7-四甲基久洛里定-4-基-乙烯基)-4H-吡喃、三(二苯甲酰基甲烷)菲咯啉铕(III)、5,6,11,12-四苯基萘并萘(naphthacene)、双(2-苯并[b]噻吩-2-基-吡啶)(乙酰丙酮)铱(III)、三(1-苯基异喹啉)铱(III)、双(1-苯基异喹啉)(乙酰丙酮)铱(III)、双[1-(9,9-二甲基-9H-芴-2-基)-异喹啉](乙酰丙酮)铱(III)、双[2-(9,9-二甲基-9H-芴-2-基)喹啉](乙酰丙酮)铱(III)、三[4,4'-二叔丁基-(2,2')-联吡啶]钌(III)·双(六氟磷酸盐)、三(2-苯基喹啉)铱(III)、双(2-苯基喹啉)(乙酰丙酮)铱(III)、2,8-二叔丁基-5,11-双(4-叔丁基苯基)-6,12-二苯基并四苯(tetracene)、双(2-苯基苯并噻唑)(乙酰丙酮)铱(III)、5,10,15,20-四苯基四苯并卟啉铂、锇(II)双(3-三氟甲基-5-(2-吡啶)-吡唑)二甲基苯基膦、锇(II)双(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(4-叔丁基吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑)二苯基甲基膦、锇(II)双(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(2-吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑)二甲基苯基膦、锇(II)双(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(4-叔丁基吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑)二甲基苯基膦、双[2-(4-正己基苯基)喹啉](乙酰丙酮)铱(III)、三[2-(4-正己基苯基)喹啉]铱(III)、三[2-苯基-4-甲基喹啉]铱(III)、双(2-苯基喹啉)(2-(3-甲基苯基)吡啶)铱(III)、双(2-(9,9-二乙基-芴-2-基)-1-苯基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑)(乙酰丙酮)铱(III)、双(2-苯基吡啶)(3-(吡啶-2-基)-2H-色烯-2-酯基)铱(III)、双(2-苯基喹啉)(2,2,6,6-四甲基庚烷-3,5-二酯基)铱(III)、双(苯基异喹啉)(2,2,6,6-四甲基庚烷-3,5-二酯基)铱(III)、双(4-苯基噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-N,C2')乙酰丙酮铱(III)、(E)-2-(2-叔丁基-6-(2-(2,6,6-三甲基-2,4,5,6-四氢-1H-吡咯并[3,2,1-ij]喹啉-8-基)乙烯基)-4H-吡喃-4-亚基)丙二腈、双(3-三氟甲基-5-(1-异喹啉基)吡唑)(甲基二苯基膦)钌、双[(4-正己基苯基)异喹啉](乙酰丙酮)铱(III)、铂(II)八乙基卟吩、双(2-甲基二苯并[f,h]喹喔啉)(乙酰丙酮)铱(III)、三[(4-正己基苯基)氧喹啉]铱(III)等。
作为形成电子传输层/空穴阻断层的材料,可列举出8-羟基喹啉-锂、2,2',2”-(1,3,5-苯并甲苯基)-三(1-苯基-1-H-苯并咪唑)、2-(4-联苯基)5-(4-叔丁基苯基)-1,3,4-二唑、2,9-二甲基-4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲咯啉、4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲咯啉、双(2-甲基-8-羟基喹啉)-4-(苯基苯酚)铝、1,3-双[2-(2,2'-联吡啶-6-基)-1,3,4-二唑-5-基]苯、6,6'-双[5-(联苯-4-基)-1,3,4-二唑-2-基]-2,2'-联吡啶、3-(4-联苯基)-4-苯基-5-叔丁基苯基-1,2,4-三唑、4-(萘-1-基)-3,5-二苯基-4H-1,2,4-三唑、2,9-双(萘-2-基)-4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲咯啉、2,7-双[2-(2,2'-联吡啶-6-基)-1,3,4-二唑-5-基]-9,9-二甲基芴、1,3-双[2-(4-叔丁基苯基)-1,3,4-二唑-5-基]苯、三(2,4,6-三甲基-3-(吡啶-3-基)苯基)硼烷、1-甲基-2-(4-(萘-2-基)苯基)-1H-咪唑并[4,5f][1,10]菲咯啉、2-(萘-2-基)-4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲咯啉、苯基-二芘基氧化膦、3,3',5,5'-四[(间吡啶基)-葑-3-基]联苯、1,3,5-三[(3-吡啶基)-葑-3-基]苯、4,4'-双(4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)联苯、1,3-双[3,5-二(吡啶-3-基)苯基]苯、双(10-羟基苯并[h]喹啉)铍、二苯基双(4-(吡啶-3-基)苯基)硅烷、3,5-二(芘-1-基)吡啶等。
作为形成电子注入层的材料,可列举出氧化锂(Li2O)、氧化镁(MgO)、氧化铝(Al2O3)、氟化锂(LiF)、氟化钠(NaF)、氟化镁(MgF2)、氟化铯(CsF)、氟化锶(SrF2)、三氧化钼(MoO3)、铝、Li(acac)、乙酸锂、苯甲酸锂等。
作为阴极材料,可列举出铝、镁-银合金、铝-锂合金、锂、钠、钾、铯等。
作为形成电子阻断层的材料,可列举出三(苯基吡唑)铱等。
对于使用本发明电荷传输性清漆制作PLED元件的方法,没有特殊限定,可列举出以下的方法。
在上述OLED元件的制作中,不进行空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层、电子注入层的真空蒸镀操作,而是依次形成空穴传输性高分子层、发光性高分子层,这样可以制作具有由本发明电荷传输性清漆形成的电荷传输性薄膜的PLED元件。
具体而言,在阳极基板上涂布本发明的电荷传输性清漆,采用上述方法制作空穴注入层,再在其上依次形成空穴传输性高分子层、发光性高分子层,进而蒸镀阴极,制成PLED元件。
作为所用的阴极和阳极材料,可以使用与制作上述OLED元件时同样的材料,进行同样的洗涤处理和表面处理。
作为空穴传输性高分子层和发光性高分子层的形成法,可列举出将空穴传输性高分子材料或者发光性高分子材料、或者其中已加入了掺杂剂物质的材料加入到溶剂中并使其溶解或均匀分散,分别将其涂布到空穴注入层或者空穴传输性高分子层上之后,通过烘烤来成膜的方法。
作为空穴传输性高分子材料,可列举出聚[(9,9-二己基芴基-2,7-二基)-co-(N,N'-双{对-丁基苯基}-1,4-二氨基亚苯基)]、聚[(9,9-二辛基芴基-2,7-二基)-co-(N,N'-双{对-丁基苯基}-1,1'-亚联苯基-4,4-二胺)]、聚[(9,9-双{1'-戊烯-5'-基}芴基-2,7-二基)-co-(N,N'-双{对-丁基苯基}-1,4-二氨基亚苯基)]、聚[N,N'-双(4-丁基苯基)-N,N'-双(苯基)-联苯胺]-以聚倍半硅氧烷封端、聚[(9,9-二辛基芴基-2,7-二基)-co-(4,4'-(N-(对-丁基苯基))二苯基胺)]等。
作为发光性高分子材料,可列举出聚(9,9-二烷基芴)(PDAF)等聚芴衍生物、聚(2-甲氧基-5-(2'-乙基己氧基)-1,4-亚苯基1,2-亚乙烯基)(MEH-PPV)等聚亚苯基1,2-亚乙烯基衍生物、聚(3-烷基噻吩)(PAT)等聚噻吩衍生物、聚乙烯基咔唑(PVCz)等。
作为溶剂,可列举出甲苯、二甲苯、氯仿等,作为溶解或者均匀分散法,可列举出搅拌、加热搅拌、超声波分散等方法。
对涂布方法没有特殊限定,可列举出喷墨法、喷涂法、浸涂法、旋涂法、转印法、辊涂法、刷涂法等。予以说明,涂布操作优选在氮、氩等惰性气体中进行。
作为烘烤方法,可列举出在惰性气体中或者在真空中,用烘箱或者加热板进行加热的方法。
实施例
以下列举出实施例和比较例,更具体地说明本发明,但本发明不限定于下述的实施例。予以说明,所用的装置如下。
(1)基板洗涤:长州产业(株)制基板洗涤装置(减压等离子体方式)
(2)清漆的涂布:Mikasa(株)制旋涂机MS-A100
(3)膜厚测定:(株)小坂研究所制微细形状测定机Surfcoder ET-4000
(4)EL元件的制作:长州产业(株)制多功能蒸镀装置系统C-E2L1G1-N
(5)EL元件亮度等的测定:(有)Tec World制I-V-L测定系统
(6)EL元件的寿命测定(亮度的半衰期测定):(株)EHC制有机EL亮度寿命评价系统PEL-105S
[1]电荷传输性清漆的调制
[实施例1-1]
在氮气氛中,将N,N'-二(1-萘基)联苯胺0.211g和由式(A1)表示的芳基磺酸0.218g溶解于1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑烷酮(以下简写为DMI)15g中。向其中加入环己醇(以下简写为CHA)3.0g和丙二醇(以下简写为PG)3.0g,搅拌,调制电荷传输性清漆。
予以说明,由式(A1)表示的芳基磺酸按照国际公开第2006/025342号的记载进行合成(下同)。
[化4]
[实施例1-2]
在氮气氛中,将N,N'-二(1-萘基)联苯胺0.143g、由上述式(A1)表示的芳基磺酸0.200g以及磷钨酸0.086g溶解于DMI 15g中。向其中加入CHA 3.0g以及PG 3.0g,搅拌,调制电荷传输性清漆。
[比较例1]
除了使用N,N'-二苯基联苯胺代替N,N'-二(1-萘基)联苯胺以外,其余按照与实施例1-2同样的方法调制电荷传输性清漆。
[2]有机EL元件的制造及其特性评价
[实施例2-1]
使用旋涂机,将实施例1-1中制得的电荷传输性清漆涂布到ITO基板上,然后,在80℃下干燥1分钟,进而在大气气氛中,在230℃下烘烤15分钟,在ITO基板上形成30nm的均匀薄膜。作为ITO基板,使用氧化铟锡(ITO)在表面上形成了膜厚150nm的图案的25mm×25mm×0.7t的玻璃基板,在使用前,用O2等离子体洗涤装置(150W、30秒钟)除去表面上的杂质。
接着,使用蒸镀装置(真空度1.0×10-5Pa),在形成了薄膜的ITO基板上,依次叠层N,N'-二(1-萘基)-N,N'-二苯基联苯胺(α-NPD)、三(8-羟基喹啉)铝(III)(Alq3)、氟化锂、以及铝的薄膜,得到有机EL元件。此时,按照α-NPD、Alq3和铝各自的蒸镀速率均为0.2nm/秒、氟化锂的蒸镀速率为0.02nm/秒的条件进行蒸镀,膜厚分别为30nm、40nm、0.5nm和100nm。
予以说明,为了防止由于空气中的氧、水等的影响所导致的特性劣化,利用密封基板将有机EL元件密封后,评价其特性。密封按以下的顺序进行。
在氧浓度2ppm以下、露点-85℃以下的氮气氛中,将有机EL元件置于密封基板之间,将密封基板用胶粘剂((株)MORESCO制、Moresco Moisture Cut WB90US(P))贴合。此时,将干燥剂(Dynic(株)制,HD-071010W-40)与有机EL元件一起置于密封基板内。向贴合了的密封基板照射UV光(波长:365nm、照射量:6,000mJ/cm2),然后,在80℃下退火处理1小时,使胶粘剂固化。
[实施例2-2、比较例2]
除了分别使用实施例1-2、比较例1中制得的清漆代替实施例1-1中制得的清漆以外,其余按照与实施例2-1同样的方法制作有机EL元件。
测定上述实施例2-1和2-2中制作的元件在驱动电压5V时的电流密度、亮度和电流效率。结果示于表1。
另外,测定实施例2-1、2-2以及比较例2中制作的元件的亮度的半衰期(初期亮度5000cd/m2)。结果示于表2。
[表1]
[表2]
半衰期(小时) | |
实施例2-1 | 319 |
实施例2-2 | 288 |
比较例2 | 208 |
如表1和表2所示,可以看出,通过将由本发明电荷传输性清漆制得的薄膜用作空穴注入层,能够获得亮度的耐久性优良的有机EL元件。
Claims (9)
1.电荷传输性清漆,其含有电荷传输性物质、掺杂剂物质和有机溶剂,其特征在于,
上述电荷传输性物质含有选自N,N'-二(1-萘基)联苯胺、N,N'-二(2-萘基)联苯胺以及N-(1-萘基)-N'-(2-萘基)联苯胺中的至少1种。
2.权利要求1所述的电荷传输性清漆,其中,上述掺杂剂物质含有芳基磺酸化合物作为必要成分。
3.权利要求1或2所述的电荷传输性清漆,其中,上述电荷传输性物质含有N,N'-二(1-萘基)联苯胺。
4.权利要求2或3所述的电荷传输性清漆,其中,上述掺杂剂物质还含有杂多酸。
5.电荷传输性薄膜,其是使用权利要求1~4的任1项所述的电荷传输性清漆制作的。
6.有机电致发光元件,其具有权利要求5所述的电荷传输性薄膜。
7.权利要求6所述的有机电致发光元件,其中,上述电荷传输性薄膜构成空穴注入层。
8.电荷传输性薄膜的制造方法,其特征在于,将权利要求1~4的任1项所述的电荷传输性清漆涂布到基材上,使溶剂蒸发。
9.提高耐久性的方法,其为提高有机电致发光元件的亮度的耐久性的方法,所述有机电致发光元件具有阳极和阴极、以及介于这些电极之间的包含发光层、空穴注入层和空穴传输层的多个功能层;其特征在于,
作为构成上述空穴注入层的电荷传输性物质,使用选自N,N'-二(1-萘基)联苯胺、N,N'-二(2-萘基)联苯胺以及N-(1-萘基)-N'-(2-萘基)联苯胺中的至少1种。
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