WO2016002774A1 - イオン性錯体、非水電解液電池用電解液、非水電解液電池及びイオン性錯体の合成法 - Google Patents
イオン性錯体、非水電解液電池用電解液、非水電解液電池及びイオン性錯体の合成法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016002774A1 WO2016002774A1 PCT/JP2015/068813 JP2015068813W WO2016002774A1 WO 2016002774 A1 WO2016002774 A1 WO 2016002774A1 JP 2015068813 W JP2015068813 W JP 2015068813W WO 2016002774 A1 WO2016002774 A1 WO 2016002774A1
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- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 253
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 114
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000004010 onium ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- -1 alkyl ammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 214
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 185
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 181
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 164
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 76
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 62
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- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 50
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 46
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- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 33
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
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- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
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- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
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- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
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- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
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- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001494 2-propynyl group Chemical group [H]C#CC([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydropyran Chemical compound C1CCOCC1 DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- FWBMVXOCTXTBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OC FWBMVXOCTXTBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- PNGLEYLFMHGIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-(n-ethyl-3-methoxyanilino)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CC(O)CN(CC)C1=CC=CC(OC)=C1 PNGLEYLFMHGIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-n-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- KTQDYGVEEFGIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-fluorosulfonylsulfamoyl fluoride Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)NS(F)(=O)=O KTQDYGVEEFGIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001495 sodium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SMKZBQZAMSKHNS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-sulfoacetate Chemical compound [Na+].OS(=O)(=O)CC([O-])=O SMKZBQZAMSKHNS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005497 tetraalkylphosphonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BJQWBACJIAKDTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylphosphanium Chemical compound CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC BJQWBACJIAKDTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZWHXXNVLACKBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylphosphanium Chemical compound CC[P+](CC)(CC)CC SZWHXXNVLACKBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000319 transition metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SLVAEVYIJHDKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethanesulfonyl fluoride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(F)(=O)=O SLVAEVYIJHDKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6581—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and nitrogen atoms with or without oxygen or sulfur atoms, as ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6584—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and nitrogen atoms with or without oxygen or sulfur atoms, as ring hetero atoms having one phosphorus atom as ring hetero atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F1/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
- C07F1/02—Lithium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
- C07F5/022—Boron compounds without C-boron linkages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
- C07F5/04—Esters of boric acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/06—Aluminium compounds
- C07F5/069—Aluminium compounds without C-aluminium linkages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/025—Silicon compounds without C-silicon linkages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/22—Amides of acids of phosphorus
- C07F9/26—Amides of acids of phosphorus containing P-halide groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ionic complex, an electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, and a method for synthesizing an ionic complex.
- batteries that are electrochemical devices, information-related equipment and communication equipment, that is, personal computers, video cameras, digital cameras, mobile phones, smartphones, and other small-sized, high-energy-density power storage systems, electric vehicles, and hybrid vehicles
- large-scale power storage systems such as fuel cell vehicle auxiliary power supplies and power storage are attracting attention.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte battery such as a lithium ion battery, a lithium battery, or a lithium ion capacitor.
- the battery is a lithium ion battery
- the lithium cation when the lithium cation is inserted into the negative electrode during the initial charge, the negative electrode and the lithium cation, or the negative electrode and the electrolyte solvent react, and lithium carbonate or lithium oxide is the main component on the negative electrode surface.
- the coating on the electrode surface is called Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI), and its properties greatly affect the characteristics of the battery.
- SEI Solid Electrolyte Interface
- Patent Document 1 vinylene carbonate in Patent Document 1, unsaturated cyclic sulfonic acid in Patent Document 2, carbon dioxide in Patent Document 3, and lithium tetrafluorooxalatophosphate in Patent Document 4 as effective additives for forming SEI. It is used.
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 may be easily deteriorated at 45 ° C. or higher, and there is room for improvement when used in a place with high temperature for a long period of time, such as for automobiles.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a material suitable for use in a non-aqueous electrolyte battery having superior high-temperature durability.
- the present inventor has conducted extensive research to solve the above problems, and found that an ionic complex having a predetermined chemical structure contributes to high-temperature durability of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, thereby completing the present invention. It came to do. Specifically, the present invention provides the following.
- the present invention is an ionic complex having a chemical structure represented by the following general formula (1).
- A is at least one selected from the group consisting of metal ions, protons and onium ions
- F is fluorine
- M is at least one selected from the group consisting of a group 13 element (Al, B), a group 14 element (Si), and a group 15 element (P, As, Sb);
- O is oxygen
- S is sulfur.
- R 1 is a hydrocarbon group which may have a ring having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom or a halogen atom (in the case of 3 or more carbon atoms, a branched chain or cyclic structure can also be used) Or —N (R 2 ) —.
- R 2 represents hydrogen, an alkali metal, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom or a halogen atom which may have a halogen atom.
- R 2 can also take a branched chain or a cyclic structure.
- Y is carbon or sulfur.
- R is 1 when Y is carbon.
- r is 1 or 2.
- a is 1 or 2
- o is 2 or 4
- n is 1 or 2
- p is 0 or 1
- q 1 or 2
- r is 0, 1 or 2.
- this invention is an ionic complex as described in (1) whose anion part of the said General formula (1) is at least 1 chosen from the group which consists of the following (1Bb) and (1Bd). is there.
- the A a + is any one cation selected from the group consisting of Li ion, Na ion, K ion, or quaternary alkyl ammonium ion, (1) or (2) It is an ionic complex as described in.
- this invention is an ionic complex which consists of a chemical structure shown by following General formula (2).
- A is at least one selected from the group consisting of metal ions, protons and onium ions
- F is fluorine
- M is at least one selected from the group consisting of group 13 elements (Al, B), group 14 elements (Si), and group 15 elements (P, As, Sb);
- O is oxygen
- N is nitrogen.
- Y is carbon or sulfur. When Y is carbon, q is 1. When Y is sulfur, q is 1 or 2.
- R 1 is a hydrocarbon group which may have a ring having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom or a halogen atom (in the case of 3 or more carbon atoms, a branched chain or cyclic structure can also be used) Or —N (R 2 ) —.
- R 2 represents hydrogen, an alkali metal, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom or a halogen atom which may have a halogen atom.
- R 2 can also take a branched chain or a cyclic structure.
- R 3 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbon group which may have a ring having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom or a halogen atom (if the number of carbon atoms is 3 or more, a branched or cyclic structure is also used. Or -N (R 2 )-.
- R 2 represents hydrogen, an alkali metal, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom or a halogen atom which may have a halogen atom.
- R 2 can also take a branched chain or a cyclic structure.
- a is 1 or 2
- o is 2 or 4
- n is 1 or 2
- p is 0 or 1
- q is 1 or 2
- r is 0 or 1.
- the anion moiety of the general formula (2) is at least one selected from the group consisting of the following (2Pa), (2Pc), (2Ba), and (2Bc). It is an ionic complex as described in 4).
- the A a + is any one cation selected from the group consisting of Li ion, Na ion, K ion, or quaternary alkyl ammonium ion. (4) or (5) It is an ionic complex as described in.
- this invention is an ionic complex which consists of a chemical structure shown by following General formula (3).
- D represents halogen ion, hexafluorophosphate anion, tetrafluoroborate anion, bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide anion, bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide anion, (fluorosulfonyl) (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide anion, bis (difluorophospho Nyl) imide anion
- F is fluorine
- M is any one selected from the group consisting of group 13 elements (Al, B), group 14 elements (Si), and group 15 elements (P, As, Sb)
- O oxygen
- N nitrogen.
- Y is carbon or sulfur. When Y is carbon, q is 1. When Y is sulfur, q is 1 or 2.
- X is carbon or sulfur, r is 1 when X is carbon, and r is 1 or 2 when X is sulfur.
- R 1 is a hydrocarbon group which may have a ring having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom or a halogen atom (in the case of 3 or more carbon atoms, a branched chain or cyclic structure can also be used) Or —N (R 2 ) —.
- R 2 represents hydrogen, an alkali metal, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom or a halogen atom which may have a halogen atom.
- R 2 can also take a branched chain or a cyclic structure.
- R 4 and R 5 are each independently a hydrocarbon group optionally having a ring having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom, or a halogen atom.
- a branched chain or An annular structure can also be used.
- o 2 or 4
- n is 1 or 2
- p is 0 or 1
- q is 1 or 2
- r is 1 or 2
- s is 0 or 1.
- p is 0, a direct bond is formed between YX.
- N (R 4 ) (R 5 ) and R 1 are directly bonded, and in this case, the following structures (5) to (8) can be taken.
- R 5 does not exist. Moreover, it can also take the structure where the double bond went out of the ring like (7).
- R 6 and R 7 are each independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group which may have a ring having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom, or a halogen atom.
- a branched chain or cyclic structure can be used.
- the ionic complex represented by the general formula (3) has the following (3Pa), (3Pb), (3Pd), (3Pg), (3Ba), (3Bb), ( The ionic complex according to (7), which is any one selected from the group consisting of 3Bf), (3Bg), and (3Bi).
- the D ⁇ represents a hexafluorophosphate anion, a tetrafluoroborate anion, a bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide anion, a bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide anion, (fluorosulfonyl) (trifluoromethane)
- the present invention is the ionic complex according to any one of (1) to (9), wherein M is B or P.
- this invention is the electrolyte solution for non-aqueous electrolyte batteries containing the ionic complex in any one of (1) to (10).
- this invention is electrolyte solution for non-aqueous electrolyte batteries containing a solute, the ionic complex in any one of (1) to (10), and a non-aqueous organic solvent.
- the solute includes at least one cation selected from the group consisting of alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, and quaternary ammonium, hexafluorophosphoric acid, tetrafluoroboric acid, hydrogen peroxide, Chloric acid, hexafluoroarsenic acid, hexafluoroantimonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, bis (pentafluoroethanesulfonyl) imide, (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) (pentafluoroethanesulfonyl) imide, bis ( Fluorosulfonyl) imide, (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) (fluorosulfonyl) imide, (pentafluoroethanesulfonyl) (fluorosulfonyl) (fluorosul
- the non-aqueous organic solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of carbonates, esters, ethers, lactones, nitriles, imides, and sulfones. 12) or an electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to (13).
- the non-aqueous organic solvent is ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, methyl butyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, methyl acetate, Methyl propionate, diethyl ether, acetonitrile, propionitrile, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, furan, tetrahydropyran, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, dibutyl ether, diisopropyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, A small amount selected from the group consisting of N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, ⁇ -butyrolactone, and ⁇ -valerolactone
- the present invention provides the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to (12) or (13), wherein the nonaqueous organic solvent contains at least one selected from the group consisting of cyclic carbonates and chain carbonates. Electrolytic solution.
- the cyclic carbonate is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and butylene carbonate
- the chain carbonate is ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate.
- the concentration of the ionic complex added is in the range of 0.001 to 20% by mass with respect to the total amount of the solute, the non-aqueous organic solvent, and the ionic complex. 17) The electrolyte solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to any one of 17).
- the present invention further includes at least one second compound selected from the group consisting of fluorine-containing compounds represented by the following general formulas (9) to (16), (11) to (18 The electrolyte solution for non-aqueous electrolyte batteries according to any one of 1).
- R 8 to R 11 are each independently a fluorine atom or a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- An alkenyloxy group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkynyloxy group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkoxy group, a cycloalkenyloxy group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and an aryl having 6 to 10 carbon atoms It is an organic group selected from oxy groups, and fluorine atoms, oxygen atoms, and unsaturated bonds may be present in the organic groups.
- X 2 and X 3 are each independently a fluorine atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, An alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkenyl group, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and a carbon number of 1
- an organic group selected from aryloxy groups having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and fluorine atoms, oxygen atoms, and unsaturated bonds may be
- the present invention relates to a method in which R 8 to R 11 in the general formulas (9) to (11) and (13) to (15) have a fluorine atom and a fluorine atom having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the alkoxy group is a 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy group, a 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy group, a 1,1,1-trifluoroisopropoxy group, And 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropoxy group
- the alkenyloxy group is a group consisting of 1-propenyloxy group, 2-propenyloxy group, and 3-butenyloxy group
- X 2 and X 3 in the general formulas (11), (12), (15) and (16) are a fluorine atom and a straight chain or branched chain having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Or an organic group selected from the group consisting of an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms and an alkynyloxy group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, according to any one of (19) to (21), This is an electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery.
- the alkoxy group is selected from the group consisting of a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and a propoxy group
- the alkenyloxy group is a 1-propenyloxy group, a 2-propenyloxy group
- 3 The non-aqueous solution according to (22), selected from the group consisting of -butenyloxy groups, wherein the alkynyloxy group is selected from the group consisting of 2-propynyloxy groups and 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyloxy groups It is an electrolyte solution for electrolyte batteries.
- M 2 and M 3 in the general formulas (9) to (16) are selected from the group consisting of lithium ions, sodium ions, potassium ions, tetraalkylammonium ions, and tetraalkylphosphonium ions.
- the concentration of the second compound added is in the range of 0.001 to 10.0% by mass with respect to the total amount of the solute, the non-aqueous organic solvent, the ionic complex, and the second compound.
- the electrolyte solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to any one of (19) to (24).
- this invention further contains the at least 1 sort (s) of 3rd compound shown by following General formula (17), For nonaqueous electrolyte batteries in any one of (11) to (25) Electrolytic solution.
- R 12 's each independently represent a group having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond.
- R 13 each independently represents a group selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, an alkenyloxy group, an alkynyl group, an alkynyloxy group, an aryl group, and an aryloxy group.
- the group may have a fluorine atom and / or an oxygen atom.
- x is 2-4. ]
- the groups represented by R 12 in the general formula (17) are each independently a vinyl group, allyl group, 1-propenyl group, ethynyl group, and 2-propynyl group.
- the groups represented by R 13 in the general formula (17) are each independently a fluorine atom, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, 2,2,2-tri Fluoroethyl group, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl group, 1,1,1-trifluoroisopropyl group, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl group, 2,2,2 -Trifluoroethoxy group, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy group, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropoxy group, 1,1,1-trifluoroisopropoxy group, and 1,1
- the present invention is the electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to any one of (26) to (28), wherein x in the general formula (17) is 2 to 3.
- the concentration of the third compound added is 0.005 to 7.0% by mass with respect to the total amount of the solute, the nonaqueous organic solvent, the ionic complex, and the third compound.
- the present invention also provides a cyclic sulfonic acid compound represented by the following general formulas (18), (19) and (20), 1,3-propane sultone (hereinafter referred to as PS), and 1,2-pentane.
- the electrolyte solution for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to any one of (11) to (30), further containing at least one fourth compound selected from the group consisting of diol sulfate (hereinafter referred to as PEGLST).
- PEGLST diol sulfate
- O is an oxygen atom
- S is a sulfur atom
- n 2 is an integer of 1 to 3
- R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , and R 17 are each independently a hydrogen atom.
- O is an oxygen atom
- S is a sulfur atom
- n 3 is an integer of 0 or more and 4 or less
- R 18 and R 19 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a substituted or non-substituted group.
- a substituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and R 20 and R 21 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted group.
- the number of carbon atoms is a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and n 4 is an integer of 0 to 4)
- O is an oxygen atom
- S is a sulfur atom
- n 5 is an integer of 0 to 3
- R 22 and R 23 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted atom.
- the concentration of the fourth compound added is in the range of 0.001 to 10% by mass with respect to the total amount of the solute, the non-aqueous organic solvent, the ionic complex, and the fourth compound.
- the present invention further includes at least one fifth compound selected from the group consisting of cyclic carbonate compounds represented by the following general formula (21), any one of (11) to (32) It is electrolyte solution for non-aqueous electrolyte batteries as described in above.
- O is an oxygen atom
- A is a hydrocarbon having 10 or less carbon atoms and may have an unsaturated bond, cyclic structure or halogen
- B is an unsaturated bond having 10 or less carbon atoms.
- a hydrocarbon which may have a cyclic structure or halogen, and may have a double bond between AB.
- the addition concentration of the fifth compound is in the range of 0.001 to 10% by mass with respect to the total amount of the solute, the nonaqueous organic solvent, the ionic complex, and the fifth compound.
- the present invention provides a positive electrode, a negative electrode made of lithium or a negative electrode material capable of occluding and releasing lithium, and an electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to any one of (11) to (34) It is a nonaqueous electrolyte battery containing.
- the present invention provides a positive electrode, a negative electrode made of sodium or a negative electrode material capable of occluding and releasing sodium, and an electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to any one of (11) to (34) It is a nonaqueous electrolyte battery containing.
- the present invention also relates to phosphorus pentafluoride and / or boron trifluoride, carbosulfonic acid or its salt, disulfonic acid or its salt, amino acid or its salt, amide carboxylic acid or its salt, diamide or its Salt, aminosulfonic acid or a salt thereof, imineic acid or a salt thereof, and iminesulfonic acid or a salt thereof (the counter cation of the acid anion is a group consisting of a proton ion, an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion, and quaternary ammonium
- A is at least one selected from the group consisting of metal ions, protons and onium ions
- F is fluorine
- M is at least one selected from the group consisting of a group 13 element (Al, B), a group 14 element (Si), and a group 15 element (P, As, Sb);
- O is oxygen
- S is sulfur.
- R 1 is a hydrocarbon group which may have a ring having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom or a halogen atom (in the case of 3 or more carbon atoms, a branched chain or cyclic structure can also be used) Or —N (R 2 ) —.
- R 2 represents hydrogen, an alkali metal, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom or a halogen atom which may have a halogen atom.
- R 2 can also take a branched chain or a cyclic structure.
- Y is carbon or sulfur.
- R is 1 when Y is carbon.
- r is 1 or 2.
- a is 1 or 2
- o is 2 or 4
- n is 1 or 2
- p is 0 or 1
- q 1 or 2
- r is 0, 1 or 2.
- p a direct bond is formed between SY.
- A is at least one selected from the group consisting of metal ions, protons and onium ions
- F is fluorine
- M is at least one selected from the group consisting of group 13 elements (Al, B), group 14 elements (Si), and group 15 elements (P, As, Sb);
- O is oxygen
- N is nitrogen.
- Y is carbon or sulfur. When Y is carbon, q is 1. When Y is sulfur, q is 1 or 2.
- R 1 is a hydrocarbon group which may have a ring having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom or a halogen atom (in the case of 3 or more carbon atoms, a branched chain or cyclic structure can also be used) Or —N (R 2 ) —.
- R 2 represents hydrogen, an alkali metal, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom or a halogen atom which may have a halogen atom.
- R 2 can also take a branched chain or a cyclic structure.
- R 3 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbon group which may have a ring having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom or a halogen atom (if the number of carbon atoms is 3 or more, a branched or cyclic structure is also used. Or -N (R 2 )-.
- R 2 represents hydrogen, an alkali metal, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom or a halogen atom which may have a halogen atom.
- R 2 can also take a branched chain or a cyclic structure.
- a is 1 or 2
- o is 2 or 4
- n is 1 or 2
- p is 0 or 1
- q is 1 or 2
- r is 0 or 1.
- D represents halogen ion, hexafluorophosphate anion, tetrafluoroborate anion, bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide anion, bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide anion, (fluorosulfonyl) (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide anion, bis (difluorophospho Nyl) imide anion, F is fluorine, M is any one selected from the group consisting of group 13 elements (Al, B), group 14 elements (Si), and group 15 elements (P, As, Sb), O is oxygen, N is nitrogen. Y is carbon or sulfur. When Y is carbon, q is 1.
- R 1 is a hydrocarbon group which may have a ring having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom or a halogen atom (in the case of 3 or more carbon atoms, a branched chain or cyclic structure can also be used) Or —N (R 2 ) —.
- R 2 represents hydrogen, an alkali metal, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom or a halogen atom which may have a halogen atom.
- R 2 can also take a branched chain or a cyclic structure.
- R 4 and R 5 are each independently a hydrocarbon group optionally having a ring having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom, or a halogen atom.
- a branched chain or An annular structure can also be used.
- o 2 or 4
- n is 1 or 2
- p is 0 or 1
- q is 1 or 2
- r is 1 or 2
- s is 0 or 1.
- p is 0, a direct bond is formed between YX.
- N (R 4 ) (R 5 ) and R 1 are directly bonded, and in this case, the following structures (5) to (8) can be taken.
- R 5 does not exist. Moreover, it can also take the structure where the double bond went out of the ring like (7).
- R 6 and R 7 are each independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group which may have a ring having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom, or a halogen atom.
- a branched chain or cyclic structure can be used.
- the solvent may be ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, diethyl ether, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, Synthesis of an ionic complex according to (37), which is at least one selected from the group consisting of furan, tetrahydropyran, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, diisopropyl ether, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane. Is the law.
- this invention adds sodium hexafluorophosphate with respect to the solution containing the said ionic complex and 1 mass% or more of lithium tetrafluoroborate obtained after the said reaction process.
- the method for synthesizing an ionic complex according to any one of (37) to (39) includes a purification step in which a tetrafluoroborate anion is precipitated as sodium tetrafluoroborate and then filtered.
- this invention is an ion as described in (40) whose addition amount of the said sodium hexafluorophosphate is 0.8 mol equivalent or more and 1.2 mol equivalent or less with respect to the said lithium tetrafluoroborate. It is a synthesis method of a sex complex.
- a material suitable for use in a non-aqueous electrolyte battery having better high temperature durability can be provided.
- the ionic complex of the present invention comprises a compound represented by any one of the following general formulas (1) to (3).
- A is at least one selected from the group consisting of metal ions, protons and onium ions.
- A is preferably any one cation selected from the group consisting of Li ions, Na ions, K ions, or quaternary alkyl ammonium ions in that the degree of ionic dissociation is high.
- F is fluorine
- M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Group 13 elements (Al, B), Group 14 elements (Si), and Group 15 elements (P, As, Sb).
- M is preferably B or P in terms of toxicity and ease of synthesis.
- O oxygen and S is sulfur.
- R 1 is a hydrocarbon group which may have a ring having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom or a halogen atom (in the case of 3 or more carbon atoms, a branched chain or cyclic structure can also be used) Or —N (R 2 ) —.
- R 2 represents hydrogen, an alkali metal, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom or a halogen atom which may have a halogen atom.
- R 2 can also take a branched chain or a cyclic structure.
- Y is carbon or sulfur.
- R is 1 when Y is carbon.
- r is 1 or 2.
- A is 1 or 2, o is 2 or 4, n is 1 or 2, p is 0 or 1, q is 1 or 2, r is 0, 1 or 2. When p is 0, a direct bond is formed between SY.
- an ionic complex is chosen from the group which consists of said (1Bb) and said (1Bd) at the point which the cycling characteristics of a nonaqueous electrolyte battery increase by using as a component of the electrolyte solution for nonaqueous electrolyte batteries. At least one is preferred.
- A is at least one selected from the group consisting of metal ions, protons and onium ions.
- A is preferably any one cation selected from the group consisting of Li ions, Na ions, K ions, or quaternary alkyl ammonium ions in that the degree of ionic dissociation is high.
- F is fluorine
- M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Group 13 elements (Al, B), Group 14 elements (Si), and Group 15 elements (P, As, Sb).
- M is preferably B or P in terms of toxicity and ease of synthesis.
- O oxygen and N is nitrogen.
- Y is carbon or sulfur
- q is 1 when Y is carbon
- q is 1 or 2 when Y is sulfur.
- R 1 is a hydrocarbon group which may have a ring having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom or a halogen atom (in the case of 3 or more carbon atoms, a branched chain or cyclic structure can also be used) Or —N (R 2 ) —.
- R 2 represents hydrogen, an alkali metal, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom or a halogen atom which may have a halogen atom.
- R 2 can also take a branched chain or a cyclic structure.
- R 3 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbon group which may have a ring having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom or a halogen atom (if the number of carbon atoms is 3 or more, a branched or cyclic structure is also used. Or -N (R 2 )-.
- R 2 represents hydrogen, an alkali metal, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom or a halogen atom which may have a halogen atom.
- R 2 can also take a branched chain or a cyclic structure.
- a is 1 or 2
- o is 2 or 4
- n is 1 or 2
- p is 0 or 1
- q is 1 or 2
- r is 0 or 1.
- the ionic complex is used in the above-mentioned (2Pa), (2Pc), (2Ba) and (2Ba) in that the cycle characteristics of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery are enhanced by using it as a component of the electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery. It is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of (2Bc).
- D is a halogen ion, hexafluorophosphate anion, tetrafluoroborate anion, bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide anion, bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide anion, (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) (fluorosulfonyl) ) Imide anion and bis (difluorophosphonyl) imide anion.
- D is a hexafluorophosphate anion, tetrafluoroborate anion, bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide anion, bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide anion, It is preferably at least one anion selected from the group consisting of bis (difluorophosphonyl) imide anions.
- F is fluorine
- M is any one selected from the group consisting of Group 13 elements (Al, B), Group 14 elements (Si), and Group 15 elements (P, As, Sb).
- M is preferably B or P in terms of toxicity and ease of synthesis.
- O oxygen and N is nitrogen.
- Y is carbon or sulfur
- q is 1 when Y is carbon
- q is 1 or 2 when Y is sulfur.
- X is carbon or sulfur
- r is 1 when X is carbon
- r is 1 or 2 when X is sulfur
- R 1 is a hydrocarbon group which may have a ring having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom or a halogen atom (in the case of 3 or more carbon atoms, a branched chain or cyclic structure can also be used) Or —N (R 2 ) —.
- R 2 represents hydrogen, an alkali metal, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom or a halogen atom which may have a halogen atom.
- R 2 can also take a branched chain or a cyclic structure.
- R 4 and R 5 are each independently a hydrocarbon group optionally having a ring having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom, or a halogen atom. When the number of carbon atoms is 3 or more, a branched chain or An annular structure can also be used. Moreover, you may have a cyclic structure containing each other like following General formula (4).
- C is 0 or 1, when n is 1, c is 0 (D is not present when c is 0), and when n is 2, c is 1.
- O is 2 or 4, n is 1 or 2, p is 0 or 1, q is 1 or 2, r is 1 or 2, s is 0 or 1.
- p is 0, a direct bond is formed between YX.
- R 4 and R 5 are directly bonded, and in this case, the following structures (5) to (8) can be taken.
- R 5 does not exist.
- R 6 and R 7 are each independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group which may have a ring having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hetero atom, or a halogen atom.
- a branched chain or cyclic structure can be used.
- the ionic complex is the above (3Pa), (3Pb), (3Pd), (3Pd), in that the cycle characteristics of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery are enhanced by using it as a component of the electrolyte for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery. It is preferably any one selected from the group consisting of (3Pg), (3Ba), (3Bb), (3Bf), (3Bg), and (3Bi).
- the relationship between the kind of ionic complex and the strength of the effect of improving the cycle characteristics when the ionic complex is used as a component of the electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery is 3Pa> 1Bd-Li >> 3Ba> 3Bi. 3Bf >> 3Pd. Therefore, the ionic complex is particularly preferably 3Pa or 1Bd-Li.
- the “1Bd—Li” means an ionic complex in which 1Bd A is Li.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte battery electrolyte of the present invention contains a solute, the ionic complex, and a non-aqueous organic solvent and / or polymer.
- the solute is not particularly limited, and a salt composed of an arbitrary cation and anion pair can be used.
- a salt composed of an arbitrary cation and anion pair can be used.
- Specific examples include alkali metal ions such as lithium ions and sodium ions, alkaline earth metal ions, quaternary ammonium, etc. as cations, and hexafluorophosphoric acid, tetrafluoroboric acid, perchloric acid as anions.
- FSI fluoromethanesulfonyl
- FSI tri
- solutes may be used alone or in combination of two or more in any combination and ratio according to the application.
- the cation is lithium, sodium, magnesium, quaternary ammonium
- the anion is hexafluorophosphoric acid, tetrafluoroboric acid, bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, Bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide and bis (difluorophosphonyl) imide are preferred.
- the solute is LiBF 4 or LiFSI compared to LiPF 6 when the non-aqueous electrolyte battery is used.
- the increase width of (when compared with no addition) is large.
- the solute concentration is not particularly limited, the lower limit is 0.5 mol / L or more, preferably 0.7 mol / L or more, more preferably 0.9 mol / L or more with respect to the electrolyte for nonaqueous electrolyte batteries.
- the upper limit is 5.0 mol / L or less, preferably 4.0 mol / L or less, and more preferably 2.0 mol / L or less. If it is less than 0.5 mol / L, the cycle characteristics and output characteristics of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery are reduced due to a decrease in ionic conductivity. On the other hand, if it exceeds 4.0 mol / L, the electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery is used. As the viscosity of the battery increases, the ion conduction may also be lowered, and the cycle characteristics and output characteristics of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery may be degraded.
- the temperature of the non-aqueous electrolyte may increase due to the heat of dissolution of the solute, and when the temperature of the solution rises significantly, the decomposition of the lithium salt containing fluorine may occur. There is a risk that hydrogen fluoride may be generated. Hydrogen fluoride is not preferable because it causes deterioration of battery performance.
- the liquid temperature when dissolving the solute in the nonaqueous solvent is not particularly limited, but is preferably ⁇ 20 to 50 ° C., more preferably 0 to 40 ° C.
- the concentration of the ionic complex is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 0.001 to 20% by mass with respect to the total amount of the solute, the nonaqueous organic solvent and the ionic complex, and 0.01 to 10% by mass. %, More preferably in the range of 0.1 to 5% by weight, and particularly preferably in the range of 0.5 to 2% by weight. If the ionic complex concentration is too low, the effect of improving durability at high temperatures such as the cycle characteristics of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery may not be sufficiently obtained. If it is too high, the viscosity of the electrolyte will increase. Therefore, the movement of cations in the non-aqueous electrolyte battery is hindered, which may cause a decrease in battery performance.
- Nonaqueous organic solvent If the non-aqueous electrolyte battery electrolyte contains a non-aqueous organic solvent, it is generally called a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the non-aqueous organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is an aprotic solvent capable of dissolving the ionic complex of the present invention.
- carbonates, esters, ethers, lactones, nitriles, amides , Sulfones and the like can be used.
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- EP methyl propyl carbonate
- EP ethyl propyl carbonate
- EC ethylene carbonate
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- PC Carbonate
- butylene carbonate methyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, diethyl ether, acetonitrile, propionitrile, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, furan, tetrahydropyran, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4- Dioxane, dibutyl ether, diisopropyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfur Lan, at least one can be cited are selected from the group consisting of ⁇ - butyrolactone and ⁇ - valerolactone.
- the non-aqueous organic solvent is a mixed solvent of PC / DEC compared to the mixed solvent of EC / EMC.
- the increase in the cycle characteristic improvement effect tends to be slightly but large.
- the non-aqueous organic solvent may be not only a single solvent but also two or more kinds of mixed solvents.
- the non-aqueous organic solvent preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of cyclic carbonates and chain carbonates because it has oxidation resistance and high ionic conductivity.
- the cyclic carbonate is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and butylene carbonate
- the chain carbonate is ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, And at least one selected from the group consisting of methyl butyl carbonate is preferred.
- the electrolyte for nonaqueous electrolyte batteries contains a polymer, it is generally called a polymer solid electrolyte.
- the polymer solid electrolyte includes those containing a non-aqueous solvent as a plasticizer.
- the polymer is not particularly limited as long as it is an aprotic polymer capable of dissolving the solute and the ionic complex.
- examples thereof include polymers having polyethylene oxide in the main chain or side chain, homopolymers or copolymers of polyvinylidene fluoride, methacrylic acid ester polymers, polyacrylonitrile and the like.
- a plasticizer added to these polymers, the above-mentioned aprotic non-aqueous organic solvents can be mentioned.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte battery electrolyte of the present invention is at least one second compound selected from the group consisting of fluorine-containing compounds represented by the following general formulas (9) to (16). It is preferable to further contain. By containing the second compound, the output characteristics at a low temperature can be further improved.
- a part of the second compound is decomposed on the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a film having good ion conductivity is formed on the surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- This film suppresses direct contact between the non-aqueous solvent or solute and the electrode active material, prevents decomposition of the non-aqueous solvent or solute, and suppresses deterioration of battery performance.
- the electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention by using the ionic complex and the second compound in combination, the high-temperature cycle characteristics at a high temperature of 50 ° C. or higher compared to the case where the ionic complex is added alone, and High temperature storage characteristics and low temperature characteristics can be improved.
- the coexistence of the ionic complex and the second compound causes the second compound to actively decompose on the positive electrode and the negative electrode together with the ionic complex, resulting in higher ionic conductivity, It is considered that a film having higher durability is formed.
- the second compound contains a site having a high electron-withdrawing property (for example, a fluorine atom or a fluorine-containing alkoxy group), the bias of the charge becomes larger, and the film with lower resistance (the film with better output characteristics) ) Is considered to be formed.
- a site having a high electron-withdrawing property for example, a fluorine atom or a fluorine-containing alkoxy group
- At least one of the PF bond and / or the SF bond is important in achieving the above-described improvement effect.
- the low temperature characteristics cannot be improved.
- examples of the cation represented by M 2 and M 3 include a proton, a metal cation, and an onium cation.
- the type is not particularly limited, and various ones can be selected from the above. Specific examples include metal cations such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, barium, silver, copper, and iron, and onium cations such as tetraalkylammonium, tetraalkylphosphonium, and imidazolium derivatives.
- lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, tetramethylammonium ion, tetraethylammonium ion, tetrabutylphosphonium ion and the like are preferable from the viewpoint of particularly assisting ion conduction in the nonaqueous electrolyte battery.
- Examples of the alkoxy group represented by R 8 to R 11 in the general formulas (9) to (11) and (13) to (15) include, for example, methoxy group, ethoxy group, propoxy group, isopropoxy group, butoxy Group, second butoxy group, tertiary butoxy group, pentyloxy group, trifluoromethoxy group, 2,2-difluoroethoxy group, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy group, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro group
- An alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and a fluorine-containing alkoxy group such as a propoxy group and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropoxy group can be mentioned.
- alkenyloxy group examples include vinyloxy Group, 1-propenyloxy group, 2-propenyloxy group, isopropenyloxy group, 2-butenyloxy group, 3-butenyloxy group, and 1,3- Examples thereof include alkenyloxy groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms such as tadienyloxy group and fluorine-containing alkenyloxy groups.
- alkynyloxy groups include ethynyloxy group, 2-propynyloxy group, and 1,1-dimethyl-2
- An alkynyloxy group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms such as a propynyloxy group or a fluorine-containing alkynyloxy group
- examples of the cycloalkoxy group include 3 to 10 carbon atoms such as a cyclopentyloxy group and a cyclohexyloxy group.
- the cycloalkenyloxy group includes, for example, a cycloalkenyloxy group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms such as a cyclopentenyloxy group and a cyclohexenyloxy group, and a fluorine-containing cycloalkoxy group.
- An alkenyloxy group The group, for example, a phenyl group, tolyloxy group, and an aryloxy group or a fluorine-containing aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as a xylyloxy group.
- R 8 to R 11 in the general formulas (9) to (11) and (13) to (15) are a fluorine atom or an alkoxy group having a fluorine atom, the degree of ion dissociation is improved due to the strong electron withdrawing property. Is preferable because the ionic conductivity in the solution or the composition is increased. Further, when R 8 to R 11 in the above general formulas (9) to (11) and (13) to (15) are fluorine atoms, the effect of improving the mobility due to the reduction of the anion size results in an increase in the solution. And the ionic conductivity in the composition is very high, which is more preferable.
- R 8 to R 11 are preferably organic groups selected from the group consisting of alkenyloxy groups and alkynyloxy groups. Unlike the above alkenyloxy groups and alkynyloxy groups, hydrocarbon groups that do not intervene oxygen atoms have a low electron withdrawing property and a low ion dissociation degree, and the ionic conductivity in a solution or composition is low. Since it falls, it is not preferable.
- a group having an unsaturated bond such as the above alkenyloxy group and alkynyloxy group is preferable because it can be actively decomposed on the positive electrode and the negative electrode to form a film having higher durability.
- the carbon number of R 8 to R 11 is preferably 6 or less. It is preferable that the number of carbon atoms is 6 or less because the ionic conductivity tends to be relatively high.
- a group selected from the group consisting of 1-dimethyl-2-propynyloxy groups is preferred because the anion size is relatively small.
- examples of the alkyl group represented by X 2 and X 3 include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, and butyl.
- alkenyl groups include vinyl groups, 1 An alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms such as a propenyl group, a 2-propenyl group, an isopropenyl group, a 2-butenyl group, a 3-butenyl group, and a 1,3-butadienyl group;
- alkynyl group include alkynyl groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms such as ethynyl group, 2-propynyl group, and 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl group, and fluorine-containing alkynyl groups.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group include a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms such as a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group, and a fluorine-containing cycloalkyl group.
- Examples of the cycloalkenyl group include a cyclopentenyl group, and Examples thereof include cycloalkenyl groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms such as cyclohexenyl groups and fluorine-containing cycloalkenyl groups.
- Examples of aryl groups include those having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as phenyl, tolyl and xylyl groups. An aryl group and a fluorine-containing aryl group are mentioned.
- alkoxy group examples include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, a butoxy group, a second butoxy group, a third butoxy group, a pentyloxy group, a trifluoromethoxy group, and 2,2-difluoroethoxy.
- alkenyloxy group examples include, for example, a vinyloxy group, a 1-propenyloxy group, a 2-propenyloxy group, an isopropenyloxy group, a 2-butenyloxy group, and a 3-butenyloxy group.
- alkenyloxy groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms such as 1,3-butadienyloxy
- An alkynyloxy group includes, for example, an alkynyloxy group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms such as an ethynyloxy group, a 2-propynyloxy group, and a 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyloxy group.
- cycloalkoxy groups include, for example, cycloalkoxy groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms such as cyclopentyloxy group and cyclohexyloxy group, and fluorine-containing cycloalkoxy groups.
- Examples of the oxy group include a cycloalkenyloxy group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms such as a cyclopentenyloxy group and a cyclohexenyloxy group, and a fluorine-containing cycloalkenyloxy group.
- Examples of the aryloxy group include phenyl Oxy, tolyloxy, and key Riruokishi aryloxy group or a fluorine-containing aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as a group.
- X 2 and X 3 in the general formulas (11), (12), (15) and (16) are fluorine atoms, the degree of ion dissociation is improved due to their strong electron withdrawing property and the anion size is reduced. This is preferable because the ionic conductivity in the solution or the composition becomes very high due to the effect of improving the mobility.
- X 2 and X 3 are preferably organic groups selected from the group consisting of alkoxy groups, alkenyloxy groups, and alkynyloxy groups.
- alkoxy group alkenyloxy group, and alkynyloxy group
- the electron withdrawing property is small and the degree of ionic dissociation is reduced, so that ions in solution or in the composition This is not preferable because the conductivity decreases.
- the anion size increases with the number of carbon atoms is large, since the ionic conductivity in a solution or composition tends to be lowered, it is preferable number of carbon atoms in the X 2 and X 3 is 6 or less.
- the number of carbon atoms is 6 or less because the ionic conductivity tends to be relatively high, and in particular, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a 1-propenyloxy group, a 2-propenyloxy group, and a 3-butenyloxy group.
- a group selected from the group consisting of 2-propynyloxy group and 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyloxy group is preferable because the anion size is relatively small.
- R 8 to R 10 and X 2 are all hydrocarbon groups having an oxygen atom (alkoxy group, alkenyloxy group, alkynyloxy group).
- Cycloalkoxy group, cycloalkenyloxy group, aryloxy group that is, a compound containing no PF bond or SF bond at all has very low solubility in a non-aqueous electrolyte. (For example, less than 0.001% by mass) Therefore, it is difficult to achieve the above-described improvement effect by adding to the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the preferable addition concentration of the second compound is 0.001% by mass or more, more preferably 0.01% by mass or more, with respect to the total amount of the solute, the nonaqueous organic solvent, the ionic complex and the second compound. More preferably, it is 0.1 mass% or more, and an upper limit is 10.0 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 5.0 mass% or less, More preferably, it is the range of 2.0 mass% or less. If it is less than 0.001% by mass, the effect of improving the output characteristics of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery at low temperature may not be sufficiently obtained.
- One type of the second compound may be added, or a plurality of types may be added.
- examples of the anion of the phosphate represented by the general formula (9) include the following compound Nos. 9-1 and the like.
- the phosphate used in the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
- anion of the imide salt represented by the general formulas (10) to (16) include the following compounds.
- the imide salt used in the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
- the salt having a phosphate anion represented by the general formula (9) is, for example, a halide other than fluoride, LiPF 6 and water in a non-aqueous solvent as described in the following document. It can be produced by a method or a method of reacting a corresponding pyrophosphate ester having an alkoxy group with hydrogen fluoride.
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-222484
- Non-Patent Document 1 Journal of the American Chemical Society, 72, 4956-4958, (1950)
- Non-Patent Document 2 Faraday Discussion, 145, 281-299, (2010)
- the salt having an imide anion represented by the general formula (10) can be produced by various methods.
- the salt having an imide anion represented by the general formula (11) can be produced by various methods.
- the production method is not limited.
- the corresponding phosphoryl chloride (P ( ⁇ O) R 8 R 9 Cl) and sulfonamide (H 2 NSO 2 X 2 ) are present in the presence of an organic base or an inorganic base. It can obtain by making it react under.
- the salt having an imide anion represented by the general formula (12) can be produced by various methods.
- the production method is not limited, but for example, the corresponding sulfonyl chloride (X 2 SO 2 Cl) and the corresponding sulfonamide (H 2 NSO 2 X 3 ) in the presence of an organic base or an inorganic base. It can be obtained by reacting.
- the salt having an imide anion represented by the general formula (13) can be produced by various methods.
- the production method is not limited.
- the corresponding phosphoryl chloride (P ( ⁇ O) R 8 R 9 Cl) and the corresponding phosphoric acid amide (H 2 NP ( ⁇ O) R 10 O ⁇ ) In the presence of an organic base or an inorganic base.
- the salt having an imide anion represented by the general formula (14) can be produced by various methods.
- the production method is not limited.
- the corresponding phosphoryl chloride (P ( ⁇ O) R 8 R 9 Cl) and sulfamic acid (H 2 NSO 3 ⁇ ) are present in the presence of an organic base or an inorganic base. It can obtain by making it react under.
- the salt having an imide anion represented by the general formula (15) can be produced by various methods.
- the production method is not limited.
- the corresponding sulfonyl chloride (X 2 SO 2 Cl) and the corresponding phosphoric acid amide (H 2 NP ( ⁇ O) R 8 O ⁇ ) can be obtained by reacting in the presence of an inorganic base.
- the salt having an imide anion represented by the general formula (16) can be produced by various methods.
- the production method is not limited.
- the corresponding sulfonyl chloride (X 2 SO 2 Cl) and the corresponding sulfamic acid (H 2 NSO 3 ⁇ ) are reacted in the presence of an organic base or an inorganic base. Can be obtained.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte battery electrolyte of the present invention preferably further contains at least one third compound represented by the following general formula (17).
- the third compound By containing the third compound, at least one of reduction of the amount of gas generated and improvement of cycle characteristics can be realized.
- a suitable addition concentration of the third compound is 0.005% by mass or more, preferably 0.03% by mass or more, more preferably based on the total amount of the solute, the nonaqueous organic solvent, the ionic complex and the third compound.
- the upper limit is 7.0% by mass or less, preferably 5.5% by mass or less, and more preferably 2.5% by mass or less. If the concentration is less than 0.005% by mass, it is not preferable because the effect of improving the high-temperature cycle characteristics and the high-temperature storage characteristics of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery using the non-aqueous electrolyte is not sufficiently obtained.
- examples of the group having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond represented by R 12 include a vinyl group, allyl group, 1-propenyl group, isopropenyl group, 2-butenyl group, 1,3- Alkenyl groups having 2 to 8 carbon atoms such as butadienyl groups or alkenyloxy groups derived from these groups, ethynyl groups, 2-propynyl groups, 1,1 dimethyl-2-propynyl groups and the like having 2 to 8 carbon atoms Or an alkynyloxy group derived from these groups, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms such as a phenyl group, a tolyl group or a xylyl group, or an aryloxy group derived from these groups.
- the above group may have a fluorine atom and an oxygen atom.
- a group containing a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond having 6 or less carbon atoms is preferable.
- the resistance when a film is formed on the electrode tends to be relatively large.
- a group selected from the group consisting of a vinyl group, an allyl group, a 1-propenyl group, an ethynyl group, and a 2-propynyl group is preferable.
- the alkyl group and alkoxy group represented by R 13 are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert, -Alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms such as butyl group and pentyl group or alkoxy groups derived from these groups.
- alkenyl group and alkenyloxy group include an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms such as vinyl group, allyl group, 1-propenyl group, isopropenyl group, 2-butenyl group, 1,3-butadienyl group, or the like.
- alkenyloxy group derived from Examples of the alkynyl group and alkynyloxy group include alkynyl groups having 2 to 8 carbon atoms such as ethynyl group, 2-propynyl group, 1,1dimethyl-2-propynyl group, and alkynyloxy groups derived from these groups. It is done.
- Examples of the aryl group and aryloxy group include aryl groups having 6 to 12 carbon atoms such as phenyl group, tolyl group and xylyl group, and aryloxy groups derived from these groups.
- the above group may have a fluorine atom and an oxygen atom.
- a fluorine atom include a group represented by R 13 other than the above.
- a group selected from a fluorine atom, an alkyl group and an alkoxy group tends to have a lower resistance when a film is formed on the electrode, and as a result, it is preferable from the viewpoint of output characteristics.
- the third compound represented by the general formula (17) more specifically, for example, the following compound No. 17-1 to No. 17 17-25 and the like.
- the third compound used in the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte battery electrolyte of the present invention contains a cyclic sulfonic acid compound represented by the following general formulas (18), (19), and (20), 1,3-propane sultone ( PS) and at least one fourth compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2-pentanediol sulfate (PEGLST) is preferably further contained.
- a cyclic sulfonic acid compound represented by the following general formulas (18), (19), and (20) 1,3-propane sultone
- PEGLST 1,2-pentanediol sulfate
- concentration of a 4th compound a minimum is 0.001 mass% or more with respect to the total amount of a solute, a nonaqueous organic solvent, an ionic complex, and a 4th compound, More preferably, it is 0.01 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 0.1 mass% or more, and an upper limit is 10.0 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 5.0 mass% or less, More preferably, it is the range of 2.0 mass% or less.
- concentration is less than 0.001% by mass, it is not preferable because the effect of improving the high-temperature cycle characteristics and the high-temperature storage characteristics of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery using the non-aqueous electrolyte is not sufficiently obtained.
- Examples of the cyclic sulfonate ester having an unsaturated bond represented by the general formula (18) include 1,3-propene sultone, 1,4-butene sultone, 2,4-pentene sultone, 3,5-pentene sultone, 1- Fluoro-1,3-propene sultone, 1-trifluoromethyl-1,3-propene sultone, 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-butene sultone, 1,4-butene sultone, 1,5-pentene sultone, etc. Is mentioned. In particular, considering the reactivity in the battery system, it is more preferable to use 1,3-propene sultone (1,3-PRS) or 1,4-butene sultone.
- cyclic sulfonic acid ester having an unsaturated bond only one kind may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- a film is formed on the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- Examples of the cyclic disulfonic acid ester represented by the general formula (19) include compounds represented by the formulas (19-1) to (19-29). Of these, compounds represented by formula (19-1), formula (19-2), formula (19-10), formula (19-15) or formula (19-16) are more preferred.
- the cyclic disulfonic acid ester represented by the general formula (19) is not limited to the compounds represented by the formulas (19-1) to (19-29) and may be other compounds.
- Examples of the cyclic disulfonic acid ester represented by the general formula (20) include compounds represented by the formulas (20-1) to (20-5). Of these, compounds represented by formula (20-1), formula (20-2) or formula (20-5) are more preferred.
- the cyclic disulfonate represented by the general formula (20) is not limited to the compounds represented by the formulas (20-1) to (20-5), and other compounds may be used.
- the cyclic disulfonate esters, PS and PEGLST represented by the general formulas (18) to (20) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the electrolyte solution for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention further contains at least one fifth compound selected from the group consisting of cyclic carbonate compounds represented by the following general formula (21). It is preferable. By containing the fifth compound, cycle characteristics can be improved.
- concentration of a 5th compound a minimum is 0.001 mass% or more with respect to the total amount of a solute, a nonaqueous organic solvent, an ionic complex, and a 5th compound, More preferably, 0.01 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 0.1 mass% or more, and an upper limit is 10.0 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 5.0 mass% or less, More preferably, it is the range of 2.0 mass% or less.
- concentration is less than 0.001% by mass, it is not preferable because the effect of improving the high-temperature cycle characteristics of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery using the non-aqueous electrolyte is not sufficiently obtained.
- Examples of the fifth compound represented by the general formula (21) include cyclic carbonate compounds represented by the formulas (21-1) to (21-6). Among these, the compound represented by the formula (21-1) is more preferable in that the effect of improving durability is high.
- the cyclic carbonate compound represented by the general formula (21) is not limited to the compounds represented by the formulas (21-1) to (21-6), and may be other compounds.
- an additive generally used in the electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention may be added at an arbitrary ratio.
- Specific examples include compounds having an anti-overcharge effect, a negative electrode film-forming effect, and a positive electrode protective effect, such as cyclohexylbenzene, biphenyl, t-butylbenzene, difluoroanisole, and dimethylvinylene carbonate.
- non-aqueous electrolyte battery electrolyte in a quasi-solid state with a gelling agent or a crosslinked polymer, as in the case of use in a non-aqueous electrolyte battery called a polymer battery.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode made of lithium or a negative electrode material capable of occluding and releasing lithium, and the non-aqueous electrolyte battery electrolyte.
- the battery of this invention contains a positive electrode, the negative electrode which consists of a negative electrode material which can occlude / release sodium, and the said electrolyte solution for non-aqueous electrolyte batteries.
- the type of the positive electrode is not particularly limited, but a material capable of reversibly inserting and removing alkali metal ions such as lithium ions and sodium ions or alkaline earth metal ions is used.
- the positive electrode material includes lithium-containing transition metal composite oxides such as LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , Co, Mn, Ni, etc. of these lithium-containing transition metal composite oxides.
- olivine Transition metal phosphate compounds oxides such as TiO 2 , V 2 O 5 and MoO 3 , sulfides such as TiS 2 and FeS, or conductive polymers such as polyacetylene, polyparaphenylene, polyaniline and polypyrrole, activated carbon
- conductive polymers such as polyacetylene, polyparaphenylene, polyaniline and polypyrrole, activated carbon
- polymers that generate radicals, carbon materials, and the like are used.
- a positive electrode is lithium cobaltate (LCO), nickel cobalt manganese (NCM), lithium iron phosphate (LFP), lithium nickelate (NCA), lithium manganate ( In any of the LMO), although there is a difference in the effect of improving the cycle characteristics, a good effect can be seen in any combination.
- the type of the negative electrode is not particularly limited, but a material capable of reversibly inserting and removing alkali metal ions such as lithium ions and sodium ions or alkaline earth metal ions is used.
- the negative electrode material is lithium metal, alloys of lithium and other metals and intermetallic compounds and various carbon materials capable of occluding and releasing lithium, metal oxides, metal nitrides, activated carbon, A conductive polymer or the like is used.
- the carbon material include graphitizable carbon, non-graphitizable carbon (also referred to as hard carbon) having a (002) plane spacing of 0.37 nm or more, and a (002) plane spacing of 0. And graphite of 37 nm or less, and the latter is made of artificial graphite or natural graphite.
- the negative electrode regardless of the type of the negative electrode, even if the negative electrode is any of graphite, hard carbon, silicon, and LTO, there is a difference in the effect of improving the cycle characteristics, but any combination is good. The effect is seen. In particular, when silicon is used for the negative electrode, a high effect of improving cycle characteristics is observed. This is presumably because the protective film made of the ionic complex according to the present invention suppresses the large volume change due to charge / discharge, which is the biggest problem of the silicon negative electrode, to some extent.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode were added with acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon fiber, or graphite as a conductive material, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, or SBR resin as a binder, and further molded into a sheet shape.
- An electrode sheet can be used.
- a separator for preventing contact between the positive electrode and the negative electrode a nonwoven fabric or a porous sheet made of polypropylene, polyethylene, paper, glass fiber or the like is used.
- An electrochemical device having a coin shape, cylindrical shape, square shape, aluminum laminate sheet shape or the like is assembled from each of the above elements.
- the method for synthesizing the ionic complex according to the present invention includes phosphorous pentafluoride and / or boron trifluoride, carbosulfonic acid or a salt thereof, disulfonic acid or a salt thereof, an amino acid or a salt thereof, an amide carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, Diamide or a salt thereof, aminosulfonic acid or a salt thereof, imineic acid or a salt thereof, and iminesulfonic acid or a salt thereof (the counter cation of the acid anion includes a proton ion, an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion, and a quaternary ammonium.
- the type of solvent used in the reaction step is not particularly limited, but since the raw material salt is appropriately dissolved, the solvent is ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, methyl acetate, At least selected from the group consisting of methyl propionate, diethyl ether, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, furan, tetrahydropyran, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, diisopropyl ether, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane
- One type is preferable.
- the internal temperature during the reaction step is not particularly limited, but is preferably ⁇ 40 ° C. or higher and 120 ° C. or lower, or ⁇ 40 ° C. or higher and the boiling point of the solvent or lower, more preferably ⁇ 20 ° C. or higher and 80 ° C. or lower. Preferably, it is -10 ° C or higher and 50 ° C or lower. If the internal temperature is too low, it may take a long time to synthesize the ionic complex. If the internal temperature is too high, the solvent volatilizes and the ionic complex may not be synthesized appropriately.
- tetrafluoroborate anion is converted to tetrafluoroborate by adding sodium hexafluorophosphate to a solution containing an ionic complex and 1% by mass or more of lithium tetrafluoroborate. Filtering after precipitation as sodium may be mentioned.
- the amount of sodium hexafluorophosphate added is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 0.8 molar equivalent or more and 1.2 molar equivalent or less, and 0.9 molar equivalent or more and 1 with respect to lithium tetrafluoroborate. More preferably, it is 1 molar equivalent or less, and further preferably 0.98 molar equivalent or more and 1.02 molar equivalent or less. If the amount added is too small, the remaining amount of lithium tetrafluoroborate may increase, and if it is too large, the remaining amount of unreacted sodium hexafluorophosphate may increase.
- the ionic complexes according to Examples 1 to 8 were synthesized by the following method. In either case, the raw materials and products were handled in a nitrogen atmosphere having a dew point of -50 ° C or lower.
- the glass reactor used was one that had been dried at 150 ° C. for 12 hours or more and then cooled to room temperature under a nitrogen stream having a dew point of ⁇ 50 ° C. or less.
- Example 2 Synthesis of 1Bd-Li Lithium sulfoacetate (15.2 g 100.0 mmol) and DMC (150 g) having a water content of 100 mass ppm or less were added to a 500 mL glass reactor.
- BF 3 (13.2 g, 200.0 mmol) was introduced over 20 minutes at 10 ° C. with stirring, a considerable amount of lithium sulfoacetate, which was hardly soluble, disappeared, confirming the progress of the reaction. . After heating up to room temperature, stirring was continued for 24 hours.
- the composition of the reaction solution was analyzed by F-NMR, it was found that (1Bd-Li) was 49 mol% and LiBF 4 was 51 mol%.
- LiPF 6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
- LiBF 4 poorly soluble lithium tetrafluoroborate
- the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and DMC was distilled off to a concentration of about 30% by mass. After cooling to 5 ° C., crystals were deposited. The crystals were collected by filtration under reduced pressure, and dried under reduced pressure at 40 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain 17.1 g of (1Bd-Li) having a purity of 97 mol% (F-NMR). The remaining 3 mol% was LiPF 6.
- Example 3 Synthesis of 1Bd-Na Sodium sulfoacetate (18.4 g 100.0 mmol) and DMC (150 g) having a water content of 100 mass ppm or less were added to a 500 mL glass reactor. When BF 3 (13.2 g, 200.0 mmol) was introduced over 20 minutes at 10 ° C. while stirring, the properties of the solid precipitated at the bottom of the reactor changed. After heating up to room temperature, stirring was continued for 24 hours. When the composition of the reaction solution was analyzed by F-NMR, it was almost all (1Bd-Na), but its concentration was thin and a considerable amount was deposited.
- the filtrate and solid content were separated by vacuum filtration, and the solid content was washed twice with 150 g of DMC.
- the collected washing liquid and the previous filtrate were mixed, and DMC was distilled off under heating under reduced pressure to obtain (1Bd-Na) having a purity of 98 mol% (F-NMR).
- the remaining 2 mol% was NaBF 4.
- Example 4 Synthesis of 3 Pa Lithium picolinate (12.9 g 100.0 mmol) and ethyl methyl carbonate (hereinafter referred to as “EMC”) (150 g) having a water content of 100 mass ppm or less were added to a 500 mL glass reactor. It was. When phosphorus pentafluoride (hereinafter referred to as PF 5 ) (25.2 g, 200.0 mmol) is introduced over 20 minutes at room temperature while stirring, a considerable amount of lithium picolinate, which is hardly soluble, disappears. Progress was confirmed. Stirring was continued for 24 hours at room temperature. After removing insolubles by filtration, the composition of the reaction solution was analyzed by F-NMR. As a result, (3 Pa) was 49 mol% and LiPF 6 was 51 mol%.
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- Example 5 Synthesis of 3Pd N, N-dimethylglycine lithium (10.9 g 100.0 mmol) and EMC (150 g) having a water content of 100 mass ppm or less were added to a 500 mL glass reactor.
- PF 5 (25.2 g, 200.0 mmol) was introduced over 20 minutes at room temperature while stirring, most of the hardly soluble N, N-dimethylglycine lithium disappeared and the reaction progressed. confirmed. Stirring was continued for 24 hours at room temperature. After removing insoluble matters by filtration, the composition of the reaction solution was analyzed by F-NMR. As a result, (3Pd) was 48 mol% and LiPF 6 was 52 mol%.
- Example 7 Synthesis of 3Bi A 500 mL glass reactor was charged with lithium N, N-dimethylaminomethanesulfonate (14.5 g 100.0 mmol) and EMC (150 g) with a water content of 100 mass ppm or less. BF 3 (13.2 g, 200.0 mmol) was introduced over 20 minutes at 10 ° C. while stirring. After heating up to room temperature, stirring was continued for 24 hours. The precipitate was collected by filtration, and further dried under reduced pressure at 40 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain (3Bi) having a purity of> 99 mol% (F-NMR).
- Example 9 Synthesis was carried out in the same procedure as in Example 4 except that picolinic acid (12.3 g, 100.0 mmol) was used instead of lithium picolinate as a raw material, and then F-NMR was measured.
- the composition (3 Pa) was 49 mol%, and hexafluorophosphoric acid (HPF 6 ) was 51 mol%.
- LiCl (4.3 g, 102 mmol) was added to this reaction solution, and after stirring at room temperature for 3 hours, hydrochloric acid generated under reduced pressure was removed, and HPF 6 produced as a by-product was converted to LiPF 6 .
- the ionic complex (4Pa-Li) is lithium tetrafluorooxalatophosphate.
- EMC is ethyl methyl carbonate
- EC is ethylene carbonate
- DEC is diethyl carbonate
- PC is propylene carbonate.
- non-aqueous electrolyte battery By assembling an aluminum laminate exterior cell (capacity 300 mAh) comprising the above test LCO positive electrode, a test graphite negative electrode, and a polyethylene separator impregnated with the electrolytic solution shown in Table 5, Examples and Comparison A non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to an example was obtained.
- Table 6 shows relative values of the discharge capacity retention rates of the nonaqueous electrolyte batteries according to Examples 101 to 109 and Comparative Example 102, where the discharge capacity retention ratio of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 101 is 100. Show.
- non-aqueous electrolyte battery including the electrolyte containing the ionic complex according to the example can obtain higher cycle characteristics than the non-aqueous electrolyte battery not including the ionic complex.
- Example 101 An aluminum laminate exterior cell (capacity 300 mAh) was assembled in the same manner as in Example 101 except that the electrolyte was as shown in Table 7, and non-aqueous electrolyte batteries according to Examples and Comparative Examples were obtained.
- the discharge capacity retention rate was determined by the same method as in Example 101.
- the discharge capacity retention rate of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Example 110 is shown in Table 8 as relative values when the discharge capacity retention rate of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 103 is 100.
- Table 8 shows the discharge capacity retention rate of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Example 111 as relative values when the discharge capacity retention rate of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 104 is 100.
- non-aqueous electrolyte battery including the electrolyte containing the ionic complex according to the example can obtain higher cycle characteristics than the non-aqueous electrolyte battery not including the ionic complex.
- NCM positive electrode Mixing 90% by mass of LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 powder with 5% by mass of PVDF (binder) and 5% by mass of acetylene black (conductive material), further adding NMP, A material paste was prepared. This paste was applied on an aluminum foil (current collector), dried and pressed, and then punched into a predetermined size to obtain a test NCM positive electrode.
- a non-aqueous electrolysis according to Examples and Comparative Examples was assembled by assembling an aluminum laminate outer cell (capacity 300 mAh) by the same method as Example 101, except that the positive electrode was an NCM positive electrode and the electrolytic solution was as shown in Table 9. A liquid battery was obtained.
- Example 10 The discharge capacity retention rate was determined by the same method as in Example 101. The charge was maintained at 4.3 V for 1 hour after reaching 4.3 V. Table 10 shows relative values when the discharge capacity retention rates of the nonaqueous electrolyte batteries according to Examples 201 to 235 and Comparative Example 202 are set to 100 when the discharge capacity retention ratio of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 201 is 100. Show.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte battery including the electrolyte containing the ionic complex according to the example can obtain higher cycle characteristics than the non-aqueous electrolyte battery not including the ionic complex.
- the effect can be confirmed slightly even when the content of the ionic complex is 0.01% by mass, and the content of the ionic complex increases from 0.01% by mass to 0.1% by mass. It has been confirmed that it increases with time.
- the content of the ionic complex is 3% by mass, not only can the high cycle characteristics be obtained compared to the case where the content is 1% by mass (Example 207 and others), but the content is 1% by mass.
- the relationship between the type of ionic complex and the strength of the effect of improving the cycle characteristics is 3Pa >> 1Bd-Li >> 3Ba> 3Bi, 3Bf >> 3Pd, and the case where the ionic complex is 3Pa or 1Bd-Li In this case, high cycle characteristics were obtained.
- a non-aqueous electrolysis according to Examples and Comparative Examples was assembled by assembling an aluminum laminate outer cell (capacity 300 mAh) by the same method as Example 101 except that the positive electrode was an NCM positive electrode and the electrolytic solution was as shown in Table 11. A liquid battery was obtained.
- Example 12 shows the discharge capacity retention rates of the nonaqueous electrolyte batteries according to Examples 236 to 239 as relative values when the discharge capacity retention ratio of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 203 is 100.
- Table 12 shows the discharge capacity retention rates of the nonaqueous electrolyte batteries according to Examples 240 to 243 as relative values when the discharge capacity retention ratio of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 204 is 100.
- non-aqueous electrolyte battery including the electrolyte containing the ionic complex according to the example can obtain higher cycle characteristics than the non-aqueous electrolyte battery not including the ionic complex.
- hard carbon negative electrode 90% by mass of non-graphitizable carbon (hereinafter, hard carbon) powder was mixed with 10% by mass of PVDF as a binder, and NMP was further added to prepare a negative electrode mixture paste. This paste was applied on a copper foil (current collector), dried and pressurized, and then punched into a predetermined size to obtain a test hard carbon negative electrode.
- Example 101 An aluminum laminate exterior cell (capacity 300 mAh) was assembled in the same manner as in Example 101 except that the positive electrode was an NCM positive electrode, the negative electrode was a hard carbon negative electrode, and the electrolyte was as shown in Table 13. And the nonaqueous electrolyte battery which concerns on the comparative example was obtained.
- the discharge capacity retention rate was determined by the same method as in Example 101. The discharge was performed up to 2.2V.
- Table 14 shows relative values when the discharge capacity retention rates of the non-aqueous electrolyte batteries according to Examples 301 to 309 and Comparative Example 302 are 100, and the discharge capacity retention rate of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 301 is 100. Show.
- the discharge capacity retention rate of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Example 310 is shown in Table 14 as relative values when the discharge capacity retention rate of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 303 is 100.
- the discharge capacity retention rate of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Example 311 is shown in Table 14 as relative values when the discharge capacity retention rate of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 304 is 100.
- Table 14 shows the discharge capacity retention rates of the nonaqueous electrolyte batteries according to Examples 312 and 313 as relative values when the discharge capacity retention ratio of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 305 is 100.
- non-aqueous electrolyte battery including the electrolyte containing the ionic complex according to the example can obtain higher cycle characteristics than the non-aqueous electrolyte battery not including the ionic complex.
- Example 101 An aluminum laminate outer cell (capacity 300 mAh) was assembled in the same manner as in Example 101 except that the positive electrode was an NCM positive electrode, the negative electrode was a silicon negative electrode, and the electrolyte was as shown in Table 15. A non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to a comparative example was obtained.
- Example 16 shows the discharge capacity retention rates of the nonaqueous electrolyte batteries according to Examples 401 and 402 as relative values when the discharge capacity retention ratio of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 401 is 100.
- Table 16 shows the discharge capacity retention rate of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to Example 403 as relative values when the discharge capacity retention rate of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 402 is 100.
- Example 16 shows the discharge capacity retention rate of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Example 404 as relative values when the discharge capacity retention rate of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 403 is 100.
- non-aqueous electrolyte battery including the electrolyte containing the ionic complex according to the example can obtain higher cycle characteristics than the non-aqueous electrolyte battery not including the ionic complex.
- Example 101 An aluminum laminate outer cell (capacity 300 mAh) was assembled in the same manner as in Example 101 except that the positive electrode was an NCM positive electrode, the negative electrode was an LTO negative electrode, and the electrolyte was as shown in Table 17. A non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to a comparative example was obtained.
- Example 18 shows the discharge capacity retention rates of the nonaqueous electrolyte batteries according to Examples 501 and 502 as relative values when the discharge capacity retention ratio of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 501 is 100.
- Table 18 shows the discharge capacity retention rate of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Example 503 as relative values when the discharge capacity retention rate of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 502 is 100.
- the discharge capacity retention rate of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Example 504 is shown in Table 18 as relative values when the discharge capacity retention rate of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 503 is defined as 100.
- Table 18 shows the discharge capacity retention rates of the nonaqueous electrolyte batteries according to Examples 505 and 506 as relative values when the discharge capacity retention ratio of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 504 is 100.
- non-aqueous electrolyte battery including the electrolyte containing the ionic complex according to the example can obtain higher cycle characteristics than the non-aqueous electrolyte battery not including the ionic complex.
- the results when the negative electrode is changed after fixing the ionic complex to 1Bd-Li or 3 Pa and fixing the positive electrode to NCM are summarized.
- the negative electrode was changed to graphite, hard carbon, silicon, or LTO the effect of improving the cycle characteristics was strong, but a good effect was observed in any combination.
- an LTO negative electrode that hardly changed in volume due to charge and discharge was used, the effect of improving the cycle characteristics due to the addition of an ionic complex (1Bd-Li or 3Pa) was less than that of other negative electrodes.
- a non-aqueous electrolysis according to Examples and Comparative Examples was assembled by assembling an aluminum laminate outer cell (capacity 300 mAh) by the same method as Example 101 except that the positive electrode was an LPF positive electrode and the electrolyte was as shown in Table 19. A liquid battery was obtained.
- Example 20 shows the discharge capacity retention rates of the nonaqueous electrolyte batteries according to Examples 601 and 602 as relative values when the discharge capacity retention ratio of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 601 is 100.
- Table 20 shows the discharge capacity retention rate of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Example 603 as relative values when the discharge capacity retention rate of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 602 is 100.
- Table 20 shows the discharge capacity retention rate of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Example 604 as relative values when the discharge capacity retention rate of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 603 is 100.
- non-aqueous electrolyte battery including the electrolyte containing the ionic complex according to the example can obtain higher cycle characteristics than the non-aqueous electrolyte battery not including the ionic complex.
- NCA cathode Mixing 90% by mass of LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 powder with 5% by mass of PVDF (binder) and 5% by mass of acetylene black (conductive material), adding NMP, A material paste was prepared. This paste was applied on an aluminum foil (current collector), dried and pressurized, and then punched into a predetermined size to obtain a test NCA positive electrode.
- non-aqueous electrolysis according to the example and the comparative example was assembled by assembling an aluminum laminate outer cell (capacity 300 mAh) by the same method as in Example 101 except that the positive electrode was an NCA positive electrode and the electrolytic solution was as shown in Table 21. A liquid battery was obtained.
- Example 701 The discharge capacity retention rate was determined by the same method as in Example 101. The charge was maintained at 4.3 V for 1 hour after reaching 4.3 V.
- Table 22 shows the discharge capacity retention rates of the nonaqueous electrolyte batteries according to Examples 701 and 702 as relative values when the discharge capacity retention ratio of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 701 is 100.
- Table 22 shows the discharge capacity retention rate of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Example 703 as relative values when the discharge capacity retention rate of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 702 is taken as 100.
- Table 22 shows the discharge capacity retention rate of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Example 704 as relative values when the discharge capacity retention rate of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 703 is taken as 100.
- non-aqueous electrolyte battery including the electrolyte containing the ionic complex according to the example can obtain higher cycle characteristics than the non-aqueous electrolyte battery not including the ionic complex.
- a non-aqueous electrolysis according to Examples and Comparative Examples was assembled by assembling an aluminum laminate outer cell (capacity 300 mAh) by the same method as Example 101 except that the positive electrode was an LMO positive electrode and the electrolyte was as shown in Table 23. A liquid battery was obtained.
- the discharge capacity retention rate was determined by the same method as in Example 101.
- Table 24 shows the discharge capacity retention rates of the nonaqueous electrolyte batteries according to Examples 801 and 802 as relative values when the discharge capacity retention ratio of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 801 is 100.
- Table 24 shows the discharge capacity retention rate of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Example 803 as relative values when the discharge capacity retention rate of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 802 is 100.
- the discharge capacity retention rate of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Example 804 is shown in Table 24 as relative values when the discharge capacity retention rate of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 803 is defined as 100.
- non-aqueous electrolyte battery including the electrolyte containing the ionic complex according to the example can obtain higher cycle characteristics than the non-aqueous electrolyte battery not including the ionic complex.
- Example 101 An aluminum laminate exterior cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 101 except that the positive electrode was a NaFe 0.5 Co 0.5 O 2 positive electrode, the negative electrode was a hard carbon negative electrode, and the electrolyte was as shown in Table 25. (Capacity 300 mAh) was assembled to obtain non-aqueous electrolyte batteries according to Examples and Comparative Examples.
- Example 26 shows the discharge capacity retention rates of the nonaqueous electrolyte batteries according to Examples 901 and 902 as relative values when the discharge capacity retention ratio of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 901 is 100.
- Table 26 shows the discharge capacity retention rates of the nonaqueous electrolyte batteries according to Examples 903 and 904 as relative values when the discharge capacity retention ratio of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to Comparative Example 902 is 100.
- non-aqueous electrolyte battery including the electrolyte containing the ionic complex according to the example can obtain higher cycle characteristics than the non-aqueous electrolyte battery not including the ionic complex.
- a non-aqueous electrolysis according to the example and the comparative example was assembled by assembling an aluminum laminate outer cell (capacity 300 mAh) by the same method as in Example 101 except that the positive electrode was an NCM positive electrode and the electrolytic solution was as shown in Table 27. A liquid battery was obtained.
- a charge / discharge test at an environmental temperature of 60 ° C. was performed using the nonaqueous electrolyte batteries according to Examples and Comparative Examples, and high temperature cycle characteristics and gas generation amount inside the battery were evaluated. Both charging and discharging were performed at a current density of 0.3 mA / cm 2 , charging reached 4.3 V, maintained at 4.3 V for 1 hour, discharging was performed up to 3.0 V, and the charge / discharge cycle was repeated. The degree of cell deterioration was evaluated based on the amount of gas generated after 10 cycles and the discharge capacity retention rate after 500 cycles (gas generation amount, cycle characteristic evaluation).
- the amount of gas generated was calculated from the buoyancy when the laminate cell was removed from the charge / discharge device and completely immersed in silicon oil.
- Table 28 shows the relative values when the discharge capacity retention ratio and gas generation amount of Comparative Example 201 are set to 100, respectively.
- the ionic complex according to the present invention not only has a cycle characteristic equal to or higher than that of the known ionic complex (4Pa-Li) (Comparative Example 205) having a high cycle characteristic improvement effect, but also has a cycle characteristic. It can be seen that the initial gas generation amount can be greatly suppressed.
- An electrolyte solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to 1001 was prepared. About these electrolyte solutions, the cycling characteristics at high temperature were evaluated similarly to Example 206. The results are shown in Table 30.
- An electrolyte solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to 1002 was prepared. About these electrolyte solutions, the cycling characteristics at high temperature were evaluated similarly to Example 206. The results are shown in Table 30.
- An electrolyte solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to 1003 was prepared. About these electrolyte solutions, the cycling characteristics at high temperature were evaluated similarly to Example 206. The results are shown in Table 30.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte battery electrolytes according to Example 1008 and Comparative Example 1004 were prepared. About these electrolyte solutions, the cycling characteristics at high temperature were evaluated similarly to Example 206. The results are shown in Table 30.
- Example 1001, Example 1005, and Comparative Example 1001 are compared.
- the discharge capacity retention rate when the electrolyte solution of Comparative Example 1001 is used is 100
- the relative value of the discharge capacity retention rate when the electrolyte solution of Example 1001 is used is 120
- the relative value of the discharge capacity maintenance rate when using the liquid is 126.
- Example 1002 Example 1006, and Comparative Example 1002 are compared.
- the discharge capacity retention rate when the electrolytic solution of Comparative Example 1002 is used is 100
- the relative value of the discharge capacity retention rate when the electrolytic solution of Example 1002 is used is 127.
- the relative value of the discharge capacity retention rate when the liquid is used is 133.
- Example 1003, Example 1007, and Comparative Example 1003 are compared.
- the discharge capacity retention rate when the electrolyte solution of Comparative Example 1003 is used is 100
- the relative value of the discharge capacity retention rate when the electrolyte solution of Example 1003 is used is 128.
- the relative value of the discharge capacity retention rate when the liquid is used is 136.
- Example 1004 Example 1008, and Comparative Example 1004 are compared.
- the discharge capacity retention rate when the electrolyte solution of Comparative Example 1004 is used is 100
- the relative value of the discharge capacity retention rate when the electrolyte solution of Example 1004 is used is 130.
- the relative value of the discharge capacity retention rate is 135.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte battery including the electrolyte solution containing the ionic complex according to the example has higher cycle characteristics than the non-aqueous electrolyte battery not including the ionic complex. It can be said that it is obtained.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte battery including the electrolyte containing the ionic complex according to the example can obtain higher cycle characteristics than the non-aqueous electrolyte battery not including the ionic complex.
- the effect can be confirmed slightly even when the content of the ionic complex is 0.01% by mass, and the content of the ionic complex increases from 0.01% by mass to 0.1% by mass. It has been confirmed that it increases with time.
- the content of the ionic complex is 3% by mass, not only can the high cycle characteristics be obtained compared to the case where the content is 1% by mass (Example 207 and others), but the content is 1% by mass. There was also a case where the difference was almost the same as that of the case (Example 215) and a case where the cycle characteristics were lowered as compared with the case where the content was 1% by mass (Example 211).
- the relationship between the type of ionic complex and the strength of the effect of improving the cycle characteristics is 3Pa >> 1Bd-Li >> 3Ba> 3Bi, 3Bf >> 3Pd, and the case where the ionic complex is 3Pa or 1Bd-Li In this case, high cycle characteristics were obtained.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte battery including the electrolytic solution containing the ionic complex according to the example has higher cycle characteristics than the non-aqueous electrolytic battery not including the ionic complex. (Examples 1001 to 1008).
- the durability (cycle characteristics) of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery at high temperatures can be improved regardless of the specific positive electrode, negative electrode, solute, and nonaqueous organic solvent. .
- Non-aqueous electrolyte battery electrolyte further containing a second compound (fluorine-containing compound) in addition to a specific ionic complex
- Electrolyte No. A (1) -A (68) [Electrolyte No. Preparation of A (1) to A (68)]
- a non-aqueous organic solvent having a volume ratio of EMC: EC 2: 1
- (1Bd-Li) synthesized in Example 2 as an ionic complex was prepared so as to have a concentration of 1 mol / L of LiPF 6 as a solute.
- the compound described in Table 31 as the second compound was mixed in the order of the solute, the ionic complex, and the second compound so as to achieve the concentration of mass%, and stirred for 1 hour.
- the electrolytic solution No. Non-aqueous electrolyte battery electrolytes according to A (1) to A (68) were obtained.
- the second compound is a metal salt of various anions described in Table 32.
- the type of the second compound is 9-1-Li. This means that it is a lithium salt of anion 9-1 described in Table 32.
- the second compound of Example A1- (10) is 9-2-N1 whose cation is tetraethylammonium
- the second compound of Example A1- (11) is cation of tetraethylphosphonium. It is 9-2-P1. Further, the subsequent preparation of the electrolytic solution was performed while maintaining the liquid temperature at 40 ° C. or lower.
- electrolytic solution No. An aluminum laminate exterior cell (capacity 300 mAh) was assembled in the same manner as in Example 206 except that A (1) to A (68) were used. Similarly, the amount of gas generated after 10 cycles and the amount after 500 cycles The degree of deterioration of the cell was evaluated by the discharge capacity maintenance rate (gas generation amount, cycle characteristic evaluation). The respective values are shown in Table 31 as relative values when the gas generation amount and the discharge capacity retention rate of Comparative Example 201 are 100.
- the output characteristics at low temperature were evaluated using the cell after 10 cycles in the same manner as the evaluation of the gas generation amount. That is, after 10 cycles, it was cooled to 25 ° C. and discharged to 3.0 V, then charged to 4.3 V at ⁇ 20 ° C. and 0.2 C rate, and maintained at 4.3 V for 1 hour. Further, the discharge at 5C rate was continued at ⁇ 20 ° C. until reaching 3.0V, and the discharge capacity at ⁇ 20 ° C. was measured. The results are shown in Table 31.
- the numerical values of the discharge capacity ( ⁇ 20 ° C.) shown in Table 31 are relative values when the discharge capacity ( ⁇ 20 ° C.) of Comparative Example 201 is set to 100, and the larger the value, the lower the output characteristics at low temperatures. It suggests that it is excellent.
- the electrolytic solution No. 1 further contains the second compound.
- Examples A1- (1) to A1- (68) using A (1) to A (68) have a gas generation amount equivalent to that of Example 206 and cycle characteristics equivalent to or higher than those of Example 206. In addition to showing, it was found that the output characteristics at low temperature were improved.
- Electrolyte No. A (69) -A (80) [Electrolyte No. Preparation of A (69) to A (80)]
- a non-aqueous organic solvent having a volume ratio of DEC: PC 2: 1
- (1Bd-Na) synthesized in Example 3 as an ionic complex was prepared so as to have a concentration of 1 mol / L of NaPF 6 as a solute.
- the compound described in Table 33 as the second compound was mixed in the order of the solute, the ionic complex, and the second compound so as to be the concentration described in Table 33 so as to be the concentration by mass, and stirred for 1 hour.
- the electrolytic solution No. Non-aqueous electrolyte battery electrolytes according to A (69) to A (80) were obtained.
- the second compound is a metal salt of various anions described in Table 32.
- the output characteristics at low temperature were evaluated using the cell after 10 cycles in the same manner as the evaluation of the gas generation amount. That is, after 10 cycles, after cooling to 25 ° C. and discharging to 3.0 V, the battery was charged to 3.8 V at ⁇ 20 ° C. and 0.2 C rate and maintained at 3.8 V for 1 hour. Further, the discharge at 5C rate was continued at ⁇ 20 ° C. until reaching 1.5V, and the discharge capacity at ⁇ 20 ° C. was measured.
- the numerical values of the discharge capacity ( ⁇ 20 ° C.) shown in Table 33 are relative values when the discharge capacity ( ⁇ 20 ° C.) of Comparative Example 901 is set to 100.
- the solute, the ionic complex, and the second compound are mixed in this order so that the concentration described in Table 34 is reached as the second compound, and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour.
- Electrolyte No. Non-aqueous electrolyte battery electrolytes according to A (81) to A (148) were obtained.
- the second compound is a metal salt of various anions described in Table 32.
- electrolytic solution No. An aluminum laminate outer cell (capacity 300 mAh) was assembled in the same manner as in Example 210 except that A (81) to A (148) were used. Similarly, the amount of gas generated after 10 cycles and the amount after 500 cycles The degree of deterioration of the cell was evaluated by the discharge capacity maintenance rate (gas generation amount, cycle characteristic evaluation). The respective values are shown in Table 34 as relative values when the gas generation amount and discharge capacity retention ratio of Comparative Example 201 are set to 100.
- the output characteristics at low temperature were evaluated using the cell after 10 cycles in the same manner as the evaluation of the gas generation amount. That is, after 10 cycles, it was cooled to 25 ° C. and discharged to 3.0 V, then charged to 4.3 V at ⁇ 20 ° C. and 0.2 C rate, and maintained at 4.3 V for 1 hour. Further, the discharge at 5C rate was continued at ⁇ 20 ° C. until reaching 3.0V, and the discharge capacity at ⁇ 20 ° C. was measured.
- the numerical value of the discharge capacity ( ⁇ 20 ° C.) shown in Table 34 is a relative value when the discharge capacity ( ⁇ 20 ° C.) of Comparative Example 201 is set to 100.
- the solute, the ionic complex, and the second compound are mixed in this order so that the concentration described in Table 35 is reached as the second compound, and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour.
- Electrolyte No. Non-aqueous electrolyte battery electrolytes according to A (149) to A (154) were obtained.
- the second compound is a metal salt of various anions described in Table 32.
- electrolytic solution No. An aluminum laminate exterior cell (capacity 300 mAh) was assembled in the same manner as in Example 902 except that A (149) to A (154) were used. Similarly, the amount of gas generated after 10 cycles and the amount after 200 cycles The degree of deterioration of the cell was evaluated by the discharge capacity maintenance rate (gas generation amount, cycle characteristic evaluation). The charge was maintained at 3.8 V for 1 hour after reaching 3.8 V, the discharge was performed up to 1.5 V, and the charge / discharge cycle was repeated. The respective values are shown in Table 35 as relative values when the gas generation amount and discharge capacity retention rate of Comparative Example 901 are set to 100.
- the output characteristics at low temperature were evaluated using the cell after 10 cycles in the same manner as the evaluation of the gas generation amount. That is, after 10 cycles, after cooling to 25 ° C. and discharging to 3.0 V, the battery was charged to 3.8 V at ⁇ 20 ° C. and 0.2 C rate and maintained at 3.8 V for 1 hour. Further, the discharge at 5C rate was continued at ⁇ 20 ° C. until reaching 1.5V, and the discharge capacity at ⁇ 20 ° C. was measured.
- the numerical value of the discharge capacity ( ⁇ 20 ° C.) shown in Table 35 is a relative value when the discharge capacity ( ⁇ 20 ° C.) of Comparative Example 901 is set to 100.
- the electrolytic solution No. Gas generation amount, discharge capacity retention ratio, discharge capacity ( ⁇ 20 ° C.) of Examples using A (3), A (7), A (24), A (27), A (36), A (45) ) Is a relative value when the gas generation amount, discharge capacity retention rate, and discharge capacity ( ⁇ 20 ° C.) of the comparative example using the electrolytic solution of comparative example 11 in the corresponding battery configuration is 100. From the above results, even when the types of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are changed, in addition to the ionic complex, the electrolytic solution No. 2 containing the second compound is further obtained.
- the electrolyte No. Gas generation amount, discharge capacity retention rate, discharge capacity ( ⁇ 20 ° C.) of Examples using A (83), A (87), A (104), A (107), A (116), A (125) ) Is a relative value when the gas generation amount, discharge capacity retention rate, and discharge capacity ( ⁇ 20 ° C.) of the comparative example using the electrolytic solution of comparative example 11 in the corresponding battery configuration is 100.
- the electrolytic solution No. 2 containing the second compound is further obtained.
- Examples using A (83), A (87), A (104), A (107), A (116), A (125) are equivalent to the examples using the electrolytic solution of Example 20. It was found that not only the gas generation amount and cycle characteristics equivalent to or higher than those of the example using the electrolytic solution of Example 20 were exhibited, but also the output characteristics at low temperature were improved.
- Electrolyte No. B (1) -B (21) [Electrolyte No. Preparation of B (1) to B (21)]
- a non-aqueous organic solvent having a volume ratio of EMC: EC 2: 1
- (1Bd-Li) synthesized in Example 2 as an ionic complex was prepared so as to have a concentration of 1 mol / L of LiPF 6 as a solute.
- the compound described in Table 39 as the third compound was mixed in the order of the solute, the ionic complex, and the third compound so as to achieve the concentration of mass%, and stirred for 1 hour.
- the electrolytic solution No. Non-aqueous electrolyte battery electrolytes according to B (1) to B (21) were obtained.
- the third compound is the compound described in Table 40.
- all the subsequent preparations of the electrolytic solution were performed while maintaining the liquid temperature at 40 ° C. or lower.
- electrolytic solution No. An aluminum laminate exterior cell (capacity 300 mAh) was assembled in the same manner as in Example 206 except that B (1) to B (21) were used. Similarly, the amount of gas generated after 10 cycles and the amount after 500 cycles The degree of deterioration of the cell was evaluated by the discharge capacity maintenance rate (gas generation amount, cycle characteristic evaluation). The respective values are shown in Table 39 as relative values when the gas generation amount and discharge capacity retention rate of Comparative Example 201 are set to 100.
- Electrolyte No. B (22) -B (24) [Electrolyte No. Preparation of B (22) to B (24)]
- a non-aqueous organic solvent having a volume ratio of DEC: PC 2: 1
- (1Bd-Na) synthesized in Example 3 as an ionic complex was prepared so as to have a concentration of 1 mol / L of NaPF 6 as a solute.
- the compound described in Table 41 as the third compound was mixed in the order of the solute, the ionic complex, and the third compound so as to achieve the concentration of mass%, and stirred for 1 hour.
- an electrolyte solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery was obtained.
- the third compound is the compound described in Table 40.
- the solute, the ionic complex, and the third compound are mixed in this order so as to achieve the concentration described in Table 42 as the third compound, and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour.
- an electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery was obtained.
- electrolytic solution No. An aluminum laminate outer cell (capacity 300 mAh) was assembled in the same manner as in Example 210 except that B (25) to B (45) were used. Similarly, the amount of gas generated after 10 cycles and the amount after 500 cycles The degree of deterioration of the cell was evaluated by the discharge capacity maintenance rate (gas generation amount, cycle characteristic evaluation). The respective values are shown in Table 42 as relative values when the gas generation amount and discharge capacity retention rate of Comparative Example 201 are set to 100.
- the compound described in Table 43 as the third compound is mixed in the order of the solute, the ionic complex, and the third compound so as to achieve the concentration of 3, and stirred for 1 hour.
- an electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery was obtained.
- electrolytic solution No. An aluminum laminate outer cell (capacity: 300 mAh) was assembled in the same manner as in Example 902 except that B (46) to B (48) were used, and similarly, the amount of gas generated after 10 cycles and the amount after 200 cycles The degree of deterioration of the cell was evaluated by the discharge capacity maintenance rate (gas generation amount, cycle characteristic evaluation). The charge was maintained at 3.8 V for 1 hour after reaching 3.8 V, the discharge was performed up to 1.5 V, and the charge / discharge cycle was repeated. The respective values are shown in Table 43 as relative values when the gas generation amount and discharge capacity retention rate of Comparative Example 901 are set to 100.
- the gas generation amount and the discharge capacity retention ratio of the examples using B (3), B (10), and B (20) are the values of the gas of the comparative example using the electrolytic solution of the comparative example 11 in the corresponding battery configuration. It is a relative value when the generation amount and the discharge capacity retention rate are 100. From the above results, even when the type of the positive electrode and the negative electrode was changed, in addition to the ionic complex, the electrolytic solution No. 3 further containing the third compound was used. It turned out that the Example using B (3), B (10), and B (20) can further improve a gas generation amount reduction and cycling characteristics compared with the Example using the electrolyte solution of Example 16.
- the gas generation amount and the discharge capacity retention ratio of the examples using B (27), B (34), and B (44) are the values of the gas of the comparative example using the electrolytic solution of the comparative example 11 in the corresponding battery configuration. It is a relative value when the generation amount and the discharge capacity retention rate are 100.
- Electrolyte for non-aqueous electrolyte batteries further containing a fourth compound (cyclic sulfonic acid compound) in addition to the specific ionic complex
- Electrolyte No. C (1) to C (18) [Electrolyte No. Preparation of C (1) to C (18)]
- a non-aqueous organic solvent having a volume ratio of EMC: EC 2: 1
- (1Bd-Li) synthesized in Example 2 as an ionic complex was prepared so as to have a concentration of 1 mol / L of LiPF 6 as a solute.
- the compound described in Table 46 as the fourth compound was mixed in the order of the solute, the ionic complex, and the fourth compound so as to achieve the concentration of mass%, and stirred for 1 hour.
- an electrolyte solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery was obtained.
- the fourth compound is the compound described in Table 47.
- all the subsequent preparations of the electrolytic solution were performed while maintaining the liquid temperature at 40 ° C. or lower.
- electrolytic solution No. An aluminum laminate outer cell (capacity 300 mAh) was assembled in the same manner as in Example 206 except that C (1) to C (18) were used. Similarly, the amount of gas generated after 10 cycles and the amount after 500 cycles The degree of deterioration of the cell was evaluated by the discharge capacity maintenance rate (gas generation amount, cycle characteristic evaluation). The respective values are shown in Table 46 as relative values when the gas generation amount and discharge capacity retention ratio of Comparative Example 201 are set to 100.
- the output characteristics at low temperature were evaluated using the cell after 10 cycles in the same manner as the evaluation of the gas generation amount. That is, after 10 cycles, it was cooled to 25 ° C. and discharged to 3.0 V, then charged to 4.3 V at ⁇ 20 ° C. and 0.2 C rate, and maintained at 4.3 V for 1 hour. Further, the discharge at 5C rate was continued at ⁇ 20 ° C. until reaching 3.0V, and the discharge capacity at ⁇ 20 ° C. was measured. The larger the discharge capacity, the better the output characteristics at low temperatures.
- the numerical values of the discharge capacity ( ⁇ 20 ° C.) shown in Table 46 are relative values when the discharge capacity ( ⁇ 20 ° C.) of Comparative Example 201 is set to 100.
- Electrolyte No. C (19)-C (24) [Electrolyte No. Preparation of C (19) to C (24)]
- a non-aqueous organic solvent having a volume ratio of DEC: PC 2: 1
- (1Bd-Na) synthesized in Example 3 as an ionic complex was prepared so as to have a concentration of 1 mol / L of NaPF 6 as a solute.
- the compound described in Table 48 as the fourth compound was mixed in the order of the solute, the ionic complex, and the fourth compound so as to achieve the concentration of mass%, and stirred for 1 hour.
- an electrolyte solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery was obtained.
- electrolytic solution No. An aluminum laminate exterior cell (capacity 300 mAh) was assembled in the same manner as in Example 901 except that C (19) to C (24) were used. Similarly, the amount of gas generated after 10 cycles and the amount after 200 cycles The degree of deterioration of the cell was evaluated by the discharge capacity maintenance rate (gas generation amount, cycle characteristic evaluation). The charge was maintained at 3.8 V for 1 hour after reaching 3.8 V, the discharge was performed up to 1.5 V, and the charge / discharge cycle was repeated. The respective values are shown in Table 48 as relative values when the gas generation amount and discharge capacity retention rate of Comparative Example 901 are set to 100.
- the output characteristics at low temperature were evaluated using the cell after 10 cycles in the same manner as the evaluation of the gas generation amount. That is, after 10 cycles, after cooling to 25 ° C. and discharging to 3.0 V, the battery was charged to 3.8 V at ⁇ 20 ° C. and 0.2 C rate and maintained at 3.8 V for 1 hour. Further, the discharge at 5C rate was continued at ⁇ 20 ° C. until reaching 1.5V, and the discharge capacity at ⁇ 20 ° C. was measured.
- the numerical value of the discharge capacity ( ⁇ 20 ° C.) shown in Table 48 is a relative value when the discharge capacity ( ⁇ 20 ° C.) of Comparative Example 901 is set to 100.
- the solute, the ionic complex, and the fourth compound are mixed in order of the compound described in Table 49 as the fourth compound so that the concentration becomes%, and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour.
- an electrolyte solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery was obtained.
- electrolytic solution No. An aluminum laminate outer cell (capacity 300 mAh) was assembled in the same manner as in Example 210 except that C (25) to C (42) were used. Similarly, the amount of gas generated after 10 cycles and the amount after 500 cycles The degree of deterioration of the cell was evaluated by the discharge capacity maintenance rate (gas generation amount, cycle characteristic evaluation). The respective values are shown in Table 49 as relative values when the gas generation amount and discharge capacity retention ratio of Comparative Example 201 are set to 100.
- the output characteristics at low temperature were evaluated using the cell after 10 cycles in the same manner as the evaluation of the gas generation amount. That is, after 10 cycles, it was cooled to 25 ° C. and discharged to 3.0 V, then charged to 4.3 V at ⁇ 20 ° C. and 0.2 C rate, and maintained at 4.3 V for 1 hour. Further, the discharge at 5C rate was continued at ⁇ 20 ° C. until reaching 3.0V, and the discharge capacity at ⁇ 20 ° C. was measured.
- the numerical values of the discharge capacity ( ⁇ 20 ° C.) shown in Table 49 are relative values when the discharge capacity ( ⁇ 20 ° C.) of Comparative Example 201 is set to 100.
- Electrolyte No. C (43) -C (48) [Electrolyte No. Preparation of C (43) to C (48)]
- a non-aqueous organic solvent having a volume ratio of DEC: PC 2: 1
- (1Bd-Na) synthesized in Example 3 as an ionic complex was prepared so as to have a concentration of 1 mol / L of NaPF 6 as a solute.
- the compound described in Table 50 as the fourth compound was mixed in the order of the solute, the ionic complex, and the fourth compound so as to achieve the concentration of mass%, and stirred for 1 hour.
- an electrolyte solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery was obtained.
- the output characteristics at low temperature were evaluated using the cell after 10 cycles in the same manner as the evaluation of the gas generation amount. That is, after 10 cycles, after cooling to 25 ° C. and discharging to 3.0 V, the battery was charged to 3.8 V at ⁇ 20 ° C. and 0.2 C rate and maintained at 3.8 V for 1 hour. Further, the discharge at 5C rate was continued at ⁇ 20 ° C. until reaching 1.5V, and the discharge capacity at ⁇ 20 ° C. was measured.
- the numerical value of the discharge capacity ( ⁇ 20 ° C.) shown in Table 50 is a relative value when the discharge capacity ( ⁇ 20 ° C.) of Comparative Example 901 is set to 100.
- Table 51 and Table 52 show the above evaluation results. It has been confirmed that the electrolyte solutions other than the combination and concentration of the ionic complex and the fourth compound described below show the same tendency as described above.
- the electrolyte No. Gas generation amount, discharge capacity retention rate, discharge capacity ( ⁇ 20 ° C.) of Examples using C (3), C (6), C (9), C (12), C (15), C (18) ) Is a relative value when the gas generation amount, discharge capacity retention rate, and discharge capacity ( ⁇ 20 ° C.) of the comparative example using the electrolytic solution of comparative example 11 in the corresponding battery configuration is 100.
- the electrolyte No. Gas generation amount, discharge capacity retention ratio, discharge capacity ( ⁇ 20 ° C.) of Examples using C (27), C (30), C (33), C (36), C (39), C (42) ) Is a relative value when the gas generation amount, discharge capacity retention rate, and discharge capacity ( ⁇ 20 ° C.) of the comparative example using the electrolytic solution of comparative example 11 in the corresponding battery configuration is 100.
- the electrolytic solution No. 4 further containing the fourth compound was used.
- the example using C (27), C (30), C (33), C (36), C (39), and C (42) is more effective than the example using the electrolytic solution of Example 20. It has been found that at least one of gas generation reduction, cycle characteristics, and low temperature output characteristics can be further improved.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte battery electrolyte that further contains a fifth compound (cyclic carbonate compound) in addition to the specific ionic complex
- Electrolyte No. D (1) to D (12) [Electrolyte No. Preparation of D (1) to D (12)]
- a non-aqueous organic solvent having a volume ratio of EMC: EC 2: 1
- (1Bd-Li) synthesized in Example 2 as an ionic complex was prepared so as to have a concentration of 1 mol / L of LiPF 6 as a solute.
- the compound described in Table 53 as the fifth compound was mixed in the order of the solute, the ionic complex, and the fifth compound so that the concentration was 5%, and stirred for 1 hour.
- an electrolyte solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery was obtained.
- the fifth compound is the compound described in Table 54.
- all the subsequent preparations of the electrolytic solution were performed while maintaining the liquid temperature at 40 ° C. or lower.
- electrolytic solution No. An aluminum laminate outer cell (capacity 300 mAh) was assembled in the same manner as in Example 206 except that D (1) to D (12) were used. Similarly, the amount of gas generated after 10 cycles and the amount after 500 cycles The degree of deterioration of the cell was evaluated by the discharge capacity maintenance rate (gas generation amount, cycle characteristic evaluation). The respective values are shown in Table 53 as relative values when the gas generation amount and discharge capacity retention rate of Comparative Example 201 are set to 100.
- Electrolyte No. D (13) -D (16) [Electrolyte No. Preparation of D (13) to D (16)]
- a non-aqueous organic solvent having a volume ratio of DEC: PC 2: 1
- (1Bd-Na) synthesized in Example 3 as an ionic complex was prepared so as to have a concentration of 1 mol / L of NaPF 6 as a solute.
- the compound described in Table 55 as the fifth compound was mixed in the order of the solute, the ionic complex, and the fifth compound so that the concentration was 5%, and stirred for 1 hour.
- an electrolyte solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery was obtained.
- the solute, the ionic complex, and the fifth compound are mixed in this order so that the concentration described in Table 56 is reached as the fifth compound, and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour.
- an electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery was obtained.
- electrolytic solution No. An aluminum laminate outer cell (capacity 300 mAh) was assembled in the same manner as in Example 210 except that D (17) to D (28) were used. Similarly, the amount of gas generated after 10 cycles and the amount after 500 cycles The degree of deterioration of the cell was evaluated by the discharge capacity maintenance rate (gas generation amount, cycle characteristic evaluation). The respective values are shown in Table 56 as relative values when the gas generation amount and discharge capacity retention rate of Comparative Example 201 are set to 100.
- Electrolyte No. D (29) -D (32) [Electrolyte No. Preparation of D (29) to D (32)]
- a non-aqueous organic solvent having a volume ratio of DEC: PC 2: 1
- (1Bd-Na) synthesized in Example 3 as an ionic complex was prepared so as to have a concentration of 1 mol / L of NaPF 6 as a solute.
- the compound described in Table 57 as the fifth compound was mixed in the order of the solute, the ionic complex, and the fifth compound so that the concentration was 5%, and stirred for 1 hour.
- an electrolyte solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery was obtained.
- electrolytic solution No. An aluminum laminate outer cell (capacity 300 mAh) was assembled in the same manner as in Example 902 except that D (29) to D (32) were used. Similarly, the amount of gas generated after 10 cycles and the amount after 200 cycles The degree of deterioration of the cell was evaluated by the discharge capacity maintenance rate (gas generation amount, cycle characteristic evaluation). The charge was maintained at 3.8 V for 1 hour after reaching 3.8 V, the discharge was performed up to 1.5 V, and the charge / discharge cycle was repeated. The respective values are shown in Table 57 as relative values when the gas generation amount and discharge capacity retention rate of Comparative Example 901 are set to 100.
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Abstract
Description
Aは金属イオン、プロトン及びオニウムイオンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、
Fはフッ素であり、
Mは13族元素(Al、B)、14族元素(Si)及び15族元素(P、As、Sb)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、
Oは酸素であり、
Sは硫黄である。
R1は炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基(炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、分岐鎖あるいは環状構造のものも使用できる)、又は-N(R2)-を表す。このとき、R2は水素、アルカリ金属、炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基を表す。炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、R2は分岐鎖あるいは環状構造をとることもできる。
Yは炭素又は硫黄である。Yが炭素である場合、rは1である。Yが硫黄である場合、rは1又は2である。
aは1又は2、oは2又は4、nは1又は2、pは0又は1、qは1又は2、rは0、1又は2である。pが0の場合、S-Y間に直接結合を形成する。)
Aは金属イオン、プロトン及びオニウムイオンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、
Fはフッ素であり、
Mは13族元素(Al、B)、14族元素(Si)、及び15族元素(P、As、Sb)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、
Oは酸素であり、
Nは窒素である。
Yは炭素又は硫黄であり、Yが炭素である場合、qは1であり、Yが硫黄である場合、qは1又は2である。
R1は炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基(炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、分岐鎖あるいは環状構造のものも使用できる)、又は-N(R2)-を表す。このとき、R2は水素、アルカリ金属、炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基を表す。炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、R2は分岐鎖あるいは環状構造をとることもできる。
R3は水素、炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基(炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、分岐鎖あるいは環状構造のものも使用できる)、又は-N(R2)-を表す。このとき、R2は水素、アルカリ金属、炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基を表す。炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、R2は分岐鎖あるいは環状構造をとることもできる。
aは1又は2、oは2又は4、nは1又は2、pは0又は1、qは1又は2、rは0又は1である。pが0の場合、R1の両隣に位置する原子同士(すなわちYと炭素原子)が直接結合を形成する。rが0の場合M-N間に直接結合を形成する。
Dはハロゲンイオン、ヘキサフルオロリン酸アニオン、テトラフルオロホウ酸アニオン、ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドアニオン、ビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミドアニオン、(フルオロスルホニル)(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドアニオン、ビス(ジフルオロホスホニル)イミドアニオンから選ばれる少なくとも一つであり、
Fはフッ素であり、
Mは13族元素(Al、B)、14族元素(Si)及び15族元素(P、As、Sb)からなる群から選ばれるいずれか1つであり、
Oは酸素であり、
Nは窒素である。
Yは炭素又は硫黄であり、Yが炭素である場合qは1であり、Yが硫黄である場合qは1又は2である。
Xは炭素又は硫黄であり、Xが炭素である場合rは1であり、Xが硫黄である場合rは1又は2である。
R1は炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基(炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、分岐鎖あるいは環状構造のものも使用できる)、又は-N(R2)-を表す。このとき、R2は水素、アルカリ金属、炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基を表す。炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、R2は分岐鎖あるいは環状構造をとることもできる。
R4、R5はそれぞれ独立で炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基であり、炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、分岐鎖あるいは環状構造のものも使用できる。また、下記一般式(4)の様にお互いを含む環状構造を有しても良い。
oは2又は4、nは1又は2、pは0又は1、qは1又は2、rは1又は2、sは0又は1である。pが0の場合、Y-X間に直接結合を形成する。
sが0の場合、N(R4)(R5)とR1は直接結合し、その際は下記の(5)~(8)のような構造をとることもできる。直接結合が二重結合となる(6)、(8)の場合、R5は存在しない。また(7)の様に二重結合が環の外に出た構造を取ることも出来る。この場合のR6、R7はそれぞれ独立で水素、又は炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基であり、炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、分岐鎖あるいは環状構造のものも使用できる。)
Si(R12)x(R13)4-x (17)
[一般式(17)中、R12はそれぞれ互いに独立して炭素-炭素不飽和結合を有する基を表す。R13はそれぞれ互いに独立して、フッ素原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルケニル基、アルケニルオキシ基、アルキニル基、アルキニルオキシ基、アリール基、及びアリールオキシ基からなる群から選ばれる基を示し、これらの基はフッ素原子及び/又は酸素原子を有していても良い。xは2~4である。]
Aは金属イオン、プロトン及びオニウムイオンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、
Fはフッ素であり、
Mは13族元素(Al、B)、14族元素(Si)及び15族元素(P、As、Sb)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、
Oは酸素であり、
Sは硫黄である。
R1は炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基(炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、分岐鎖あるいは環状構造のものも使用できる)、又は-N(R2)-を表す。このとき、R2は水素、アルカリ金属、炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基を表す。炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、R2は分岐鎖あるいは環状構造をとることもできる。
Yは炭素又は硫黄である。Yが炭素である場合、rは1である。Yが硫黄である場合、rは1又は2である。
aは1又は2、oは2又は4、nは1又は2、pは0又は1、qは1又は2、rは0、1又は2である。pが0の場合、S-Y間に直接結合を形成する。)
Aは金属イオン、プロトン及びオニウムイオンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、
Fはフッ素であり、
Mは13族元素(Al、B)、14族元素(Si)、及び15族元素(P、As、Sb)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、
Oは酸素であり、
Nは窒素である。
Yは炭素又は硫黄であり、Yが炭素である場合、qは1であり、Yが硫黄である場合、qは1又は2である。
R1は炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基(炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、分岐鎖あるいは環状構造のものも使用できる)、又は-N(R2)-を表す。このとき、R2は水素、アルカリ金属、炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基を表す。炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、R2は分岐鎖あるいは環状構造をとることもできる。
R3は水素、炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基(炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、分岐鎖あるいは環状構造のものも使用できる)、又は-N(R2)-を表す。このとき、R2は水素、アルカリ金属、炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基を表す。炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、R2は分岐鎖あるいは環状構造をとることもできる。
aは1又は2、oは2又は4、nは1又は2、pは0又は1、qは1又は2、rは0又は1である。pが0の場合、R1の両隣に位置する原子同士(すなわちYと炭素原子)が直接結合を形成する。rが0の場合M-N間に直接結合を形成する。)
Dはハロゲンイオン、ヘキサフルオロリン酸アニオン、テトラフルオロホウ酸アニオン、ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドアニオン、ビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミドアニオン、(フルオロスルホニル)(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドアニオン、ビス(ジフルオロホスホニル)イミドアニオンから選ばれる少なくとも一つであり、
Fはフッ素であり、
Mは13族元素(Al、B)、14族元素(Si)及び15族元素(P、As、Sb)からなる群から選ばれるいずれか1つであり、
Oは酸素であり、
Nは窒素である。
Yは炭素又は硫黄であり、Yが炭素である場合qは1であり、Yが硫黄である場合qは1又は2である。
Xは炭素又は硫黄であり、Xが炭素である場合rは1であり、Xが硫黄である場合rは1又は2である。
R1は炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基(炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、分岐鎖あるいは環状構造のものも使用できる)、又は-N(R2)-を表す。このとき、R2は水素、アルカリ金属、炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基を表す。炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、R2は分岐鎖あるいは環状構造をとることもできる。
R4、R5はそれぞれ独立で炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基であり、炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、分岐鎖あるいは環状構造のものも使用できる。また、下記一般式(4)の様にお互いを含む環状構造を有しても良い。
oは2又は4、nは1又は2、pは0又は1、qは1又は2、rは1又は2、sは0又は1である。pが0の場合、Y-X間に直接結合を形成する。
sが0の場合、N(R4)(R5)とR1は直接結合し、その際は下記の(5)~(8)のような構造をとることもできる。直接結合が二重結合となる(6)、(8)の場合、R5は存在しない。また(7)の様に二重結合が環の外に出た構造を取ることも出来る。この場合のR6、R7はそれぞれ独立で水素、又は炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基であり、炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、分岐鎖あるいは環状構造のものも使用できる。)
上記一般式(1)において、Aは金属イオン、プロトン及びオニウムイオンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つである。中でも、イオン解離度が高い点で、Aは、Liイオン、Naイオン、Kイオン、又は4級アルキルアンモニウムイオンからなる群から選ばれるいずれか一つのカチオンであることが好ましい。
上記一般式(2)において、Aは金属イオン、プロトン及びオニウムイオンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つである。中でも、イオン解離度が高い点で、Aは、Liイオン、Naイオン、Kイオン、又は4級アルキルアンモニウムイオンからなる群から選ばれるいずれか一つのカチオンであることが好ましい。
上記一般式(3)において、Dはハロゲンイオン、ヘキサフルオロリン酸アニオン、テトラフルオロホウ酸アニオン、ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドアニオン、ビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミドアニオン、(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)(フルオロスルホニル)イミドアニオン、ビス(ジフルオロホスホニル)イミドアニオンから選ばれる少なくとも一つである。中でも、電池特性に悪影響が無く入手が比較的容易である点で、Dは、ヘキサフルオロリン酸アニオン、テトラフルオロホウ酸アニオン、ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドアニオン、ビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミドアニオン、ビス(ジフルオロホスホニル)イミドアニオンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つのアニオンであることが好ましい。
本発明の非水電解液電池用電解液は、溶質と、上記イオン性錯体と、非水有機溶媒及び/又はポリマーとを含有する。
溶質は特に限定されず、任意のカチオンとアニオンの対からなる塩を用いることができる。具体例としては、カチオンとしてリチウムイオンやナトリウムイオンを始めとするアルカリ金属イオン、アルカリ土類金属イオン、四級アンモニウム等が挙げられ、アニオンとして、ヘキサフルオロリン酸、テトラフルオロホウ酸、過塩素酸、ヘキサフルオロヒ酸、ヘキサフルオロアンチモン酸、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸、ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド、ビス(ペンタフルオロエタンスルホニル)イミド、(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)(ペンタフルオロエタンスルホニル)イミド、ビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミド(以下、「FSI」と表記する場合がある)、(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)(フルオロスルホニル)イミド、(ペンタフルオロエタンスルホニル)(フルオロスルホニル)イミド、トリス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)メチド、ビス(ジフルオロホスホニル)イミド等が挙げられる。
イオン性錯体濃度は、特に制限されるものでないが、溶質、非水有機溶媒及びイオン性錯体の総量に対して0.001~20質量%の範囲にあることが好ましく、0.01~10質量%の範囲にあることがより好ましく、0.1~5質量%の範囲にあることがさらに好ましく、0.5~2質量%の範囲にあることが特に好ましい。イオン性錯体濃度が低すぎると、非水電解液電池のサイクル特性等、高温での耐久性を向上させる効果が十分に得られない可能性があり、高すぎると、電解液の粘度が上昇し過ぎるために、非水電解液電池内でのカチオンの移動が妨げられることにより、電池性能の低下を引き起こす可能性がある。
非水電解液電池用電解液は、非水有機溶媒を含むものであれば、一般に非水電解液と呼ばれる。非水有機溶媒は、本発明のイオン性錯体を溶解できる非プロトン性の溶媒であれば特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、カーボネート類、エステル類、エーテル類、ラクトン類、ニトリル類、アミド類、スルホン類等が使用できる。具体例としては、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)、ジメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)、メチルプロピルカーボネート、エチルプロピルカーボネート(EP)、メチルブチルカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)、ブチレンカーボネート、酢酸メチル、プロピオン酸メチル、プロピオン酸エチル、ジエチルエーテル、アセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル、テトラヒドロフラン、2-メチルテトラヒドロフラン、フラン、テトラヒドロピラン、1,3-ジオキサン、1,4-ジオキサン、ジブチルエーテル、ジイソプロピルエーテル、1,2-ジメトキシエタン、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、スルホラン、γ-ブチロラクトン及びγ-バレロラクトンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種が挙げられる。
非水電解液電池用電解液は、ポリマーを含むものであれば、一般にポリマー固体電解質と呼ばれる。ポリマー固体電解質には、可塑剤として非水系溶媒を含有するものも含まれる。
必須の態様ではないが、本発明の非水電解液電池用電解液は、下記一般式(9)~(16)で示される含フッ素化合物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の第2の化合物をさらに含有することが好ましい。第2の化合物を含有することで、低温での出力特性をさらに向上できる。
特許文献5:特開2008-222484号公報
非特許文献1:Journal of the American Chemical Society,72,4956-4958,(1950)
非特許文献2:Faraday Discussion,145,281-299,(2010)
必須の態様ではないが、本発明の非水電解液電池用電解液は、下記一般式(17)で示される少なくとも1種の第3の化合物をさらに含有することが好ましい。第3の化合物を含有することで、ガス発生量の低減、サイクル特性の向上の少なくとも1つを実現できる。
Si(R12)x(R13)4-x (17)
必須の態様ではないが、本発明の非水電解液電池用電解液は、下記一般式(18)、(19)、及び(20)で示される環状スルホン酸化合物、1,3-プロパンスルトン(PS)、及び、1,2-ペンタンジオール硫酸エステル(PEGLST)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の第4の化合物をさらに含有することが好ましい。第4の化合物を含有することで、ガス発生量の低減、サイクル特性の向上、低温での出力特性の向上の少なくとも1つを実現できる。
必須の態様ではないが、本発明の非水電解液電池用電解液は、下記一般式(21)で示される環状カーボネート化合物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の第5の化合物をさらに含有することが好ましい。第5の化合物を含有することで、サイクル特性を向上できる。
さらには、本発明の要旨を損なわない限りにおいて、本発明の非水電解液電池用電解液に一般に用いられる添加剤を任意の比率で添加しても良い。具体例としては、シクロヘキシルベンゼン、ビフェニル、t-ブチルベンゼン、ジフルオロアニソール、ジメチルビニレンカーボネート等の過充電防止効果、負極皮膜形成効果や正極保護効果を有する化合物が挙げられる。また、ポリマー電池と呼ばれる非水電解液電池に使用される場合のように非水電解液電池用電解液をゲル化剤や架橋ポリマーにより擬固体化して使用することも可能である。
本発明の非水電解液電池は、正極と、リチウム又はリチウムの吸蔵放出の可能な負極材料からなる負極と、上記非水電解液電池用電解液とを含む。あるいは、本発明の電池は、正極と、ナトリウム又はナトリウムの吸蔵放出の可能な負極材料からなる負極と、上記非水電解液電池用電解液とを含む。
正極の種類は特に限定されるものでないが、リチウムイオンやナトリウムイオンを始めとするアルカリ金属イオン、又はアルカリ土類金属イオンが可逆的に挿入-脱離可能な材料が用いられる。
負極の種類は特に限定されるものでないが、リチウムイオンやナトリウムイオンをはじめとするアルカリ金属イオン、又はアルカリ土類金属イオンが可逆的に挿入-脱離可能な材料が用いられる。
正極や負極には、導電材としてアセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、炭素繊維、又は黒鉛、結着剤としてポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、又はSBR樹脂等が加えられ、さらにシート状に成型された電極シートを用いることができる。
本発明に係るイオン性錯体の合成法は、五フッ化リン及び/又は三フッ化ホウ素と、カルボスルホン酸又はその塩、ジスルホン酸又はその塩、アミノ酸又はその塩、アミドカルボン酸又はその塩、ジアミド又はその塩、アミノスルホン酸又はその塩、イミン酸又はその塩、及びイミンスルホン酸又はその塩(酸アニオンの対カチオンは、プロトンイオン、アルカリ金属イオン、アルカリ土類金属イオン及び四級アンモニウムからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種のカチオン)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種とを溶媒中で反応させる反応工程を有する。なお、この合成法の後に、さらにカチオンを交換する操作を行ってもよい。
反応工程で用いる溶媒の種類は特に限定されるものでないが、原料塩を適度に溶解させることから、溶媒は、エチルメチルカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、メチルプロピルカーボネート、エチルプロピルカーボネート、酢酸メチル、プロピオン酸メチル、ジエチルエーテル、アセトニトリル、テトラヒドロフラン、2-メチルテトラヒドロフラン、フラン、テトラヒドロピラン、1,3-ジオキサン、1,4-ジオキサン、ジイソプロピルエーテル、及び1,2-ジメトキシエタンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種であることが好ましい。
また、必須ではないが、イオン性錯体の純度を高めるため、反応工程の後に精製工程を行うことが好ましい。
<実施例1~8> イオン性錯体の合成
500mLの硝子製反応器にメチレンジスルホン酸リチウム(18.8g,100.0mmol)と水分100質量ppm以下のジメチルカーボネート(以下、「DMC」という。)(150g)を加えた。撹拌を行いつつ10℃にて20分かけて三フッ化ホウ素(以下、「BF3」という。)(13.2g、200.0mmol)の導入を行うと、反応器の底に沈殿している固体の性状が変化した。室温まで昇温させた後、24時間撹拌を継続させた。F-NMRにて反応液の組成を分析すると、(1Bb-Li)が3モル%、テトラフルオロホウ酸リチウム(以下LiBF4)が97モル%であった。(1Bb-Li)のDMCへの溶解度が低く、大部分が析出していた。
500mLの硝子製反応器にスルホ酢酸リチウム(15.2g 100.0mmol)と水分100質量ppm以下のDMC(150g)を加えた。撹拌を行いつつ10℃にて20分かけてBF3(13.2g、200.0mmol)の導入を行うと、難溶であるスルホ酢酸リチウムの相当量が消失し、反応の進行が確認された。室温まで昇温させた後、24時間撹拌を継続させた。F-NMRにて反応液の組成を分析すると、(1Bd-Li)が49モル%、LiBF4が51モル%であった。
500mLの硝子製反応器にスルホ酢酸ナトリウム(18.4g 100.0mmol)と水分100質量ppm以下のDMC(150g)を加えた。撹拌を行いつつ10℃にて20分かけてBF3(13.2g、200.0mmol)の導入を行うと、反応器の底に沈殿している固体の性状が変化した。室温まで昇温させた後、24時間撹拌を継続させた。F-NMRにて反応液の組成を分析すると、ほぼ全て(1Bd-Na)であったがその濃度は薄く、相当量が析出沈殿していた。
減圧濾過にてろ液と固形分に分離し、固形分をDMC150gにて2回洗浄を行った。回収した洗浄液と先のろ液を混合し、減圧加熱下にてDMCを留去することで純度98モル%(F-NMR)の(1Bd-Na)が得られた。残りの2モル%はNaBF4であった。
500mLの硝子製反応器にピコリン酸リチウム(12.9g 100.0mmol)と水分100質量ppm以下のエチルメチルカーボネート(以下、「EMC」という。)(150g)を加えた。撹拌を行いつつ室温にて20分かけて五フッ化リン(以下PF5)(25.2g、200.0mmol)の導入を行うと、難溶であるピコリン酸リチウムの相当量が消失し、反応の進行が確認された。そのまま室温にて24時間撹拌を継続させた。ろ過にて不溶解物を除去した後にF-NMRにて反応液の組成を分析すると、(3Pa)が49モル%、LiPF6が51モル%であった。
500mLの硝子製反応器にN,N-ジメチルグリシンリチウム(10.9g 100.0mmol)と水分100質量ppm以下のEMC(150g)を加えた。撹拌を行いつつ室温にて20分かけてPF5(25.2g、200.0mmol)の導入を行うと、難溶であるN,N-ジメチルグリシンリチウムの大部分が消失し、反応の進行が確認された。そのまま室温にて24時間撹拌を継続させた。ろ過にて不溶解物を除去した後にF-NMRにて反応液の組成を分析すると、(3Pd)が48モル%、LiPF6が52モル%であった。
500mLの硝子製反応器にピコリン酸リチウム(12.9g 100.0mmol)と水分100質量ppm以下のDMC(150g)を加えた。撹拌を行いつつ10℃にて20分かけてBF3(13.2g、200.0mmol)の導入を行うと、難溶であるピコリン酸リチウムの相当量が消失し、反応の進行が確認された。室温まで昇温させた後、24時間撹拌を継続させた。F-NMRにて反応液の組成を分析すると、(3Ba)が49モル%、LiBF4が51モル%であった。ろ過にて不溶解物を取り除き、減圧濃縮を行うと白色の固体が析出した。析出した固体を減圧濾過にて回収し、更に40℃にて3時間減圧下で乾燥させることで、純度>99モル%(F-NMR)の(3Ba)が得られた。
500mLの硝子製反応器にN,N-ジメチルアミノメタンスルホン酸リチウム(14.5g 100.0mmol)と水分100質量ppm以下のEMC(150g)を加えた。撹拌を行いつつ10℃にて20分かけてBF3(13.2g、200.0mmol)の導入を行った。室温まで昇温させた後、24時間撹拌を継続させた。ろ過にて析出物を回収し、更に40℃にて3時間減圧下で乾燥させることで、純度>99モル%(F-NMR)の(3Bi)が得られた。
500mLの硝子製反応器にピリジン-2-スルホン酸リチウム(16.5g 100.0mmol)と水分100質量ppm以下のDMC(150g)を加えた。撹拌を行いつつ10℃にて20分かけてBF3(13.2g、200.0mmol)の導入を行うと、難溶であるピリジン-2-スルホン酸リチウムの相当量が消失し、反応の進行が確認された。室温まで昇温させた後、24時間撹拌を継続させた。F-NMRにて反応液の組成を分析すると、(3Bf)が50モル%、LiBF4が50モル%であった。ろ過にて不溶解物を取り除き、減圧濃縮を行うと白色の固体が析出した。析出した固体を減圧濾過にて回収し、EMC100gに溶解させた。再度不溶解物をろ過にて除いた後に減圧濃縮を行うと白色の固体が析出し、これをろ過にて回収した。更に40℃にて3時間減圧下で乾燥させることで、純度99モル%(F-NMR)の(3Bf)が得られた。
原料として、ピコリン酸リチウムの代わりにピコリン酸(12.3g,100.0mmol)を用いた以外は実施例4と同様の手順にて合成を行った後、F-NMRを測定すると、反応液の組成は(3Pa)が49モル%、ヘキサフルオロリン酸(HPF6)が51モル%であった。この反応液にLiCl(4.3g,102mmol)を添加し、室温にて3時間攪拌を行った後に、減圧にて生成した塩酸を除去すると、副生したHPF6がLiPF6に変換された。
LiCoO2粉末90質量%に、バインダーとしてポリフッ化ビニリデン(以下PVDF)を5質量%、導電材としてアセチレンブラックを5質量%混合し、さらにN-メチルピロリドン(以下NMP)を添加し、正極合材ペーストを作製した。このペーストをアルミニウム箔(集電体)上に塗布して、乾燥、加圧を行った後に、所定のサイズに打ち抜くことで試験用LCO正極を得た。
黒鉛粉末90質量%に、バインダーとして10質量%のPVDFを混合し、さらにNMPを添加し、負極合材ペーストを作製した。このペーストを銅箔(集電体)上に塗布して、乾燥、加圧を行った後に、所定のサイズに打ち抜くことで試験用黒鉛負極を得た。
上記の試験用LCO正極と、試験用黒鉛負極と、表5に記載の電解液を浸み込ませたポリエチレン製セパレータとを備えるアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立てることで、実施例及び比較例に係る非水電解液電池を得た。
実施例及び比較例に係る非水電解液電池のそれぞれについて、60℃の環境温度での充放電試験を実施し、高温でのサイクル特性を評価した。充電、放電ともに電流密度0.3mA/cm2で行い、充電は4.2Vに達した後に1時間4.2Vを維持、放電は3.0Vまで行い、充放電サイクルを繰り返した。そして、500サイクル後の放電容量維持率でセルの劣化の具合を評価した(サイクル特性評価)。放電容量維持率は下記式で求めた。
[500サイクル後の放電容量維持率]
放電容量維持率(%)=(500サイクル後の放電容量/初放電容量)×100
電解液が表7に示すとおりであること以外は、実施例101と同じ手法にてアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立て、実施例及び比較例に係る非水電解液電池を得た。
実施例101と同様の手法にて放電容量維持率を求めた。実施例110に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を、比較例103に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表8に示す。また、実施例111に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を、比較例104に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表8に示す。
LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2粉末90質量%に、PVDF(バインダー)を5質量%、アセチレンブラック(導電材)を5質量%混合し、さらにNMPを添加し、正極合材ペーストを作製した。このペーストをアルミニウム箔(集電体)上に塗布して、乾燥、加圧を行った後に、所定のサイズに打ち抜くことで試験用NCM正極を得た。
正極がNCM正極であり、電解液が表9に示すとおりであること以外は、実施例101と同じ手法にてアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立て、実施例及び比較例に係る非水電解液電池を得た。
実施例101と同様の手法にて放電容量維持率を求めた。なお、充電は4.3Vに達した後1時間4.3Vを維持した。実施例201~235及び比較例202に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を、比較例201に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表10に示す。
正極がNCM正極であり、電解液が表11に示すとおりであること以外は、実施例101と同じ手法にてアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立て、実施例及び比較例に係る非水電解液電池を得た。
実施例101と同様の手法にて放電容量維持率を求めた。なお、充電は4.3Vに達した後1時間4.3Vを維持した。実施例236~239に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を、比較例203に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表12に示す。また、実施例240~243に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を、比較例204に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表12に示す。
難黒鉛化性炭素(以下、ハードカーボン)粉末90質量%に、バインダーとして10質量%のPVDFを混合し、さらにNMPを添加し、負極合材ペーストを作製した。このペーストを銅箔(集電体)上に塗布して、乾燥、加圧を行った後に、所定のサイズに打ち抜くことで試験用ハードカーボン負極を得た。
正極がNCM正極であり、負極がハードカーボン負極であり、電解液が表13に示すとおりであること以外は、実施例101と同じ手法にてアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立て、実施例及び比較例に係る非水電解液電池を得た。
実施例101と同様の手法にて放電容量維持率を求めた。なお、放電は2.2Vまで行った。実施例301~309及び比較例302に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を、比較例301に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表14に示す。実施例310に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を、比較例303に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表14に示す。実施例311に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を、比較例304に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表14に示す。実施例312及び313に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を、比較例305に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表14に示す。
単体ケイ素粉末75質量%に、バインダーとして10質量%のポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)、導電材として15質量%のアセチレンブラックを混合し、さらにN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を添加し、負極合材ペーストを作製した。このペーストを銅箔(集電体)上に塗布して、乾燥、加圧を行った後に、所定のサイズに打ち抜く事で試験用シリコン負極を得た。
正極がNCM正極であり、負極がシリコン負極であり、電解液が表15に示すとおりであること以外は、実施例101と同じ手法にてアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立て、実施例及び比較例に係る非水電解液電池を得た。
実施例101と同様の手法にて放電容量維持率を求めた。なお、100サイクル後の放電容量維持率でセルの劣化の具合を評価した。実施例401及び402に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を、比較例401に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表16に示す。実施例403に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を、比較例402に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表16に示す。実施例404に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を、比較例403に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表16に示す。
Li4Ti5O12粉末90質量%に、バインダーとして5質量%のPVDF、導電剤として5質量%のアセチレンブラックを混合し、さらにNMPを添加し、負極合材ペーストを作製した。このペーストを銅箔(集電体)上に塗布して、乾燥、加圧を行った後に、所定のサイズに打ち抜くことで試験用LTO負極を得た。
正極がNCM正極であり、負極がLTO負極であり、電解液が表17に示すとおりであること以外は、実施例101と同じ手法にてアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立て、実施例及び比較例に係る非水電解液電池を得た。
実施例101と同様の手法にて放電容量維持率を求めた。なお、充電は2.8Vに達した後1時間2.8Vを維持、放電は1.5Vまで行った。実施例501及び502に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を、比較例501に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表18に示す。実施例503に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を、比較例502に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表18に示す。実施例504に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を、比較例503に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表18に示す。実施例505及び506に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を、比較例504に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表18に示す。
非晶質炭素でコーティングされたLiFePO4粉末90質量%に、PVDF(バインダー)を5質量%、アセチレンブラック(導電材)を5質量%混合し、さらにNMPを添加し、正極合材ペーストを作製した。このペーストをアルミニウム箔(集電体)上に塗布して、乾燥、加圧を行った後に、所定のサイズに打ち抜くことで試験用LFP正極を得た。
正極がLPF正極であり、電解液が表19に示すとおりであること以外は、実施例101と同じ手法にてアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立て、実施例及び比較例に係る非水電解液電池を得た。
実施例101と同様の手法にて放電容量維持率を求めた。なお、充電は4.1Vに達した後1時間4.1Vを維持、放電は2.5Vまで行った。実施例601及び602に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を、比較例601に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表20に示す。実施例603に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を、比較例602に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表20に示す。実施例604に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を、比較例603に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表20に示す。
LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2粉末90質量%に、PVDF(バインダー)を5質量%、アセチレンブラック(導電材)を5質量%混合し、さらにNMPを添加し、正極合材ペーストを作製した。このペーストをアルミニウム箔(集電体)上に塗布して、乾燥、加圧を行った後に、所定のサイズに打ち抜くことで試験用NCA正極を得た。
正極がNCA正極であり、電解液が表21に示すとおりであること以外は、実施例101と同じ手法にてアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立て、実施例及び比較例に係る非水電解液電池を得た。
実施例101と同様の手法にて放電容量維持率を求めた。なお、充電は4.3Vに達した後1時間4.3Vを維持した。実施例701及び702に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を、比較例701に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表22に示す。実施例703に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を、比較例702に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表22に示す。実施例704に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を、比較例703に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表22に示す。
LiMn2O4粉末90質量%に、PVDF(バインダー)を5質量%、アセチレンブラック(導電材)を5質量%混合し、さらにNMPを添加し、正極合材ペーストを作製した。このペーストをアルミニウム箔(集電体)上に塗布して、乾燥、加圧を行った後に、所定のサイズに打ち抜くことで試験用LMO正極を得た。
正極がLMO正極であり、電解液が表23に示すとおりであること以外は、実施例101と同じ手法にてアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立て、実施例及び比較例に係る非水電解液電池を得た。
実施例101と同様の手法にて放電容量維持率を求めた。実施例801及び802に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を、比較例801に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表24に示す。実施例803に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を、比較例802に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表24に示す。実施例804に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を、比較例803に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表24に示す。
NaFe0.5Co0.5O2粉末85質量%に、PVDF(バインダー)を5質量%、アセチレンブラック(導電材)を10質量%混合し、さらにNMPを添加し、正極合材ペーストを作製した。このペーストをアルミニウム箔(集電体)上に塗布して、乾燥、加圧を行った後に、所定のサイズに打ち抜くことで試験用NaFe0.5Co0.5O2正極を得た。
正極がNaFe0.5Co0.5O2正極であり、負極がハードカーボン負極であり、電解液が表25に示すとおりであること以外は、実施例101と同じ手法にてアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立て、実施例及び比較例に係る非水電解液電池を得た。
実施例101と同様の手法にて放電容量維持率を求めた。なお、充電は3.8Vに達した後1時間3.8Vを維持、放電は1.5Vまで行い、200サイクル後の放電容量維持率でセルの劣化の具合を評価した。実施例901及び902に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を、比較例901に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表26に示す。実施例903及び904に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を、比較例902に係る非水電解液電池の放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表26に示す。
正極がNCM正極であり、電解液が表27に示すとおりであること以外は、実施例101と同じ手法にてアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立て、実施例及び比較例に係る非水電解液電池を得た。
実施例及び比較例に係る非水電解液電池を用いて60℃の環境温度での充放電試験を実施し、高温サイクル特性と電池内部でのガス発生量を評価した。充電、放電ともに電流密度0.3mA/cm2で行い、充電は、4.3Vに達した後、1時間4.3Vを維持、放電は3.0Vまで行い、充放電サイクルを繰り返した。そして、10サイクル後のガス発生量と、500サイクル後の放電容量維持率でセルの劣化の具合を評価した(ガス発生量、サイクル特性評価)。
〔電解液No.A(1)~A(68)の調製〕
体積比でEMC:EC=2:1である非水有機溶媒に、溶質としてLiPF6を1mol/Lの濃度となるように、イオン性錯体として実施例2で合成した(1Bd-Li)を1質量%の濃度となるように、第2の化合物として表31に記載の化合物を表31に記載の濃度となるように、溶質、イオン性錯体、第2の化合物の順に混合し、1時間撹拌することで、電解液No.A(1)~A(68)に係る非水電解液電池用電解液を得た。表31において、第2の化合物は、表32に記載の各種陰イオンの金属塩である。例えば、電解液No.A(1)では、第2の化合物の種類は、9-1-Liである。これは、表32に記載の陰イオン9-1のリチウム塩であることを意味する。
電解液として、電解液No.A(1)~A(68)を用いたこと以外は、実施例206と同様の方法でアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立て、同様に10サイクル後のガス発生量と、500サイクル後の放電容量維持率でセルの劣化の具合を評価した(ガス発生量、サイクル特性評価)。それぞれの値を、比較例201のガス発生量、放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表31に示す。
〔電解液No.A(69)~A(80)の調製〕
体積比でDEC:PC=2:1である非水有機溶媒に、溶質としてNaPF6を1mol/Lの濃度となるように、イオン性錯体として実施例3で合成した(1Bd-Na)を1質量%の濃度となるように、第2の化合物として表33に記載の化合物を表33に記載の濃度となるように、溶質、イオン性錯体、第2の化合物の順に混合し、1時間撹拌することで、電解液No.A(69)~A(80)に係る非水電解液電池用電解液を得た。表33において、第2の化合物は、表32に記載の各種陰イオンの金属塩である。
電解液として、電解液No.A(69)~A(80)を用いたこと以外は、実施例901と同様の方法でアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立て、同様に10サイクル後のガス発生量と、200サイクル後の放電容量維持率でセルの劣化の具合を評価した(ガス発生量、サイクル特性評価)。なお、充電は3.8Vに達した後に1時間3.8Vを維持、放電は1.5Vまで行い、充放電サイクルを繰り返した。それぞれの値を、比較例901のガス発生量、放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表33に示す。
〔電解液No.A(81)~A(148)の調製〕
体積比でEMC:EC=2:1である非水有機溶媒に、溶質としてLiPF6を1mol/Lの濃度となるように、イオン性錯体として実施例4で合成した(3Pa)を1質量%の濃度となるように、第2の化合物として表34に記載の化合物を表34に記載の濃度となるように、溶質、イオン性錯体、第2の化合物の順に混合し、1時間撹拌することで、電解液No.A(81)~A(148)に係る非水電解液電池用電解液を得た。表34において、第2の化合物は、表32に記載の各種陰イオンの金属塩である。
電解液として、電解液No.A(81)~A(148)を用いたこと以外は、実施例210と同様の方法でアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立て、同様に10サイクル後のガス発生量と、500サイクル後の放電容量維持率でセルの劣化の具合を評価した(ガス発生量、サイクル特性評価)。それぞれの値を、比較例201のガス発生量、放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表34に示す。
〔電解液No.A(149)~A(154)の調製〕
体積比でDEC:PC=2:1である非水有機溶媒に、溶質としてNaPF6を1mol/Lの濃度となるように、イオン性錯体として実施例4で合成した(3Pa)を1質量%の濃度となるように、第2の化合物として表35に記載の化合物を表35に記載の濃度となるように、溶質、イオン性錯体、第2の化合物の順に混合し、1時間撹拌することで、電解液No.A(149)~A(154)に係る非水電解液電池用電解液を得た。表35において、第2の化合物は、表32に記載の各種陰イオンの金属塩である。
電解液として、電解液No.A(149)~A(154)を用いたこと以外は、実施例902と同様の方法でアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立て、同様に10サイクル後のガス発生量と、200サイクル後の放電容量維持率でセルの劣化の具合を評価した(ガス発生量、サイクル特性評価)。なお、充電は3.8Vに達した後に1時間3.8Vを維持、放電は1.5Vまで行い、充放電サイクルを繰り返した。それぞれの値を、比較例901のガス発生量、放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表35に示す。
以降、イオン性錯体と第2の化合物について代表的な組合せ及び濃度の電解液を用い、正極の種類、負極の種類等を変えて評価を行った。参考までに、本発明の全ての実施例及び比較例で用いた正極及び負極の組合せと、評価条件の一覧を表36に示す。
以上の結果から、正極及び負極の種類を変えた場合であっても、イオン性錯体に加え、さらに第2の化合物を含む電解液No.A(3)、A(7)、A(24)、A(27)、A(36)、A(45)を用いた実施例は、実施例16の電解液を用いた実施例と同等のガス発生量と、実施例16の電解液を用いた実施例と同等又はそれ以上のサイクル特性を示すだけでなく、低温での出力特性が向上することが分かった。
〔電解液No.B(1)~B(21)の調製〕
体積比でEMC:EC=2:1である非水有機溶媒に、溶質としてLiPF6を1mol/Lの濃度となるように、イオン性錯体として実施例2で合成した(1Bd-Li)を1質量%の濃度となるように、第3の化合物として表39に記載の化合物を表39に記載の濃度となるように、溶質、イオン性錯体、第3の化合物の順に混合し、1時間撹拌することで、電解液No.B(1)~B(21)に係る非水電解液電池用電解液を得た。表39において、第3の化合物は、表40に記載の化合物である。なお、これ以降の電解液の調製においてもすべて液温を40℃以下に維持しながら行った。
電解液として、電解液No.B(1)~B(21)を用いたこと以外は、実施例206と同様の方法でアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立て、同様に10サイクル後のガス発生量と、500サイクル後の放電容量維持率でセルの劣化の具合を評価した(ガス発生量、サイクル特性評価)。それぞれの値を、比較例201のガス発生量、放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表39に示す。
〔電解液No.B(22)~B(24)の調製〕
体積比でDEC:PC=2:1である非水有機溶媒に、溶質としてNaPF6を1mol/Lの濃度となるように、イオン性錯体として実施例3で合成した(1Bd-Na)を1質量%の濃度となるように、第3の化合物として表41に記載の化合物を表41に記載の濃度となるように、溶質、イオン性錯体、第3の化合物の順に混合し、1時間撹拌することで、非水電解液電池用電解液を得た。表41において、第3の化合物は、表40に記載の化合物である。
電解液として、電解液No.B(22)~B(24)を用いたこと以外は、実施例901と同様の方法でアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立て、同様に10サイクル後のガス発生量と、200サイクル後の放電容量維持率でセルの劣化の具合を評価した(ガス発生量、サイクル特性評価)。なお、充電は3.8Vに達した後に1時間3.8Vを維持、放電は1.5Vまで行い、充放電サイクルを繰り返した。それぞれの値を、比較例901のガス発生量、放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表41に示す。
〔電解液No.B(25)~B(45)の調製〕
体積比でEMC:EC=2:1である非水有機溶媒に、溶質としてLiPF6を1mol/Lの濃度となるように、イオン性錯体として実施例4で合成した(3Pa)を1質量%の濃度となるように、第3の化合物として表42に記載の化合物を表42に記載の濃度となるように、溶質、イオン性錯体、第3の化合物の順に混合し、1時間撹拌することで、非水電解液電池用電解液を得た。
電解液として、電解液No.B(25)~B(45)を用いたこと以外は、実施例210と同様の方法でアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立て、同様に10サイクル後のガス発生量と、500サイクル後の放電容量維持率でセルの劣化の具合を評価した(ガス発生量、サイクル特性評価)。それぞれの値を、比較例201のガス発生量、放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表42に示す。
〔電解液No.B(46)~B(48)の調製〕
体積比でDEC:PC=2:1である非水有機溶媒に、溶質としてNaPF6を1mol/Lの濃度となるように、イオン性錯体として実施例4で合成した(3Pa)を1質量%の濃度となるように、第3の化合物として表43に記載の化合物を表43に記載の濃度となるように、溶質、イオン性錯体、第3の化合物の順に混合し、1時間撹拌することで、非水電解液電池用電解液を得た。
電解液として、電解液No.B(46)~B(48)を用いたこと以外は、実施例902と同様の方法でアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立て、同様に10サイクル後のガス発生量と、200サイクル後の放電容量維持率でセルの劣化の具合を評価した(ガス発生量、サイクル特性評価)。なお、充電は3.8Vに達した後に1時間3.8Vを維持、放電は1.5Vまで行い、充放電サイクルを繰り返した。それぞれの値を、比較例901のガス発生量、放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表43に示す。
以降、特定のイオン性錯体と第3の化合物について代表的な組合せ及び濃度の電解液を用い、正極の種類、負極の種類等を変えて評価を行った。正極及び負極の組合せと、評価条件は上述の表36の通りである。
以上の結果から、正極及び負極の種類を変えた場合であっても、イオン性錯体に加え、さらに第3の化合物を含む電解液No.B(3)、B(10)、B(20)を用いた実施例は、実施例16の電解液を用いた実施例よりも、ガス発生量低減とサイクル特性をさらに向上できることが分かった。
〔電解液No.C(1)~C(18)の調製〕
体積比でEMC:EC=2:1である非水有機溶媒に、溶質としてLiPF6を1mol/Lの濃度となるように、イオン性錯体として実施例2で合成した(1Bd-Li)を1質量%の濃度となるように、第4の化合物として表46に記載の化合物を表46に記載の濃度となるように、溶質、イオン性錯体、第4の化合物の順に混合し、1時間撹拌することで、非水電解液電池用電解液を得た。表46において、第4の化合物は、表47に記載の化合物である。なお、これ以降の電解液の調製においてもすべて液温を40℃以下に維持しながら行った。
電解液として、電解液No.C(1)~C(18)を用いたこと以外は、実施例206と同様の方法でアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立て、同様に10サイクル後のガス発生量と、500サイクル後の放電容量維持率でセルの劣化の具合を評価した(ガス発生量、サイクル特性評価)。それぞれの値を、比較例201のガス発生量、放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表46に示す。
〔電解液No.C(19)~C(24)の調製〕
体積比でDEC:PC=2:1である非水有機溶媒に、溶質としてNaPF6を1mol/Lの濃度となるように、イオン性錯体として実施例3で合成した(1Bd-Na)を1質量%の濃度となるように、第4の化合物として表48に記載の化合物を表48に記載の濃度となるように、溶質、イオン性錯体、第4の化合物の順に混合し、1時間撹拌することで、非水電解液電池用電解液を得た。
電解液として、電解液No.C(19)~C(24)を用いたこと以外は、実施例901と同様の方法でアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立て、同様に10サイクル後のガス発生量と、200サイクル後の放電容量維持率でセルの劣化の具合を評価した(ガス発生量、サイクル特性評価)。なお、充電は3.8Vに達した後に1時間3.8Vを維持、放電は1.5Vまで行い、充放電サイクルを繰り返した。それぞれの値を、比較例901のガス発生量、放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表48に示す。
〔電解液No.C(25)~C(42)の調製〕
体積比でEMC:EC=2:1である非水有機溶媒に、溶質としてLiPF6を1mol/Lの濃度となるように、イオン性錯体として、実施例4で合成した(3Pa)を1質量%の濃度となるように、第4の化合物として表49に記載の化合物を表49に記載の濃度となるように、溶質、イオン性錯体、第4の化合物の順に混合し、1時間撹拌することで、非水電解液電池用電解液を得た。
電解液として、電解液No.C(25)~C(42)を用いたこと以外は、実施例210と同様の方法でアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立て、同様に10サイクル後のガス発生量と、500サイクル後の放電容量維持率でセルの劣化の具合を評価した(ガス発生量、サイクル特性評価)。それぞれの値を、比較例201のガス発生量、放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表49に示す。
〔電解液No.C(43)~C(48)の調製〕
体積比でDEC:PC=2:1である非水有機溶媒に、溶質としてNaPF6を1mol/Lの濃度となるように、イオン性錯体として実施例3で合成した(1Bd-Na)を1質量%の濃度となるように、第4の化合物として表50に記載の化合物を表50に記載の濃度となるように、溶質、イオン性錯体、第4の化合物の順に混合し、1時間撹拌することで、非水電解液電池用電解液を得た。
電解液として、電解液No.C(43)~C(48)を用いたこと以外は、実施例902と同様の方法でアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立て、同様に10サイクル後のガス発生量と、200サイクル後の放電容量維持率でセルの劣化の具合を評価した(ガス発生量、サイクル特性評価)。なお、充電は3.8Vに達した後に1時間3.8Vを維持、放電は1.5Vまで行い、充放電サイクルを繰り返した。それぞれの値を、比較例901のガス発生量、放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表50に示す。
以降、特定のイオン性錯体と第4の化合物について代表的な組合せ及び濃度の電解液を用い、正極の種類、負極の種類等を変えて評価を行った。正極及び負極の組合せと、評価条件は上述の表36の通りである。
〔電解液No.D(1)~D(12)の調製〕
体積比でEMC:EC=2:1である非水有機溶媒に、溶質としてLiPF6を1mol/Lの濃度となるように、イオン性錯体として実施例2で合成した(1Bd-Li)を1質量%の濃度となるように、第5の化合物として表53に記載の化合物を表53に記載の濃度となるように、溶質、イオン性錯体、第5の化合物の順に混合し、1時間撹拌することで、非水電解液電池用電解液を得た。表53において、第5の化合物は、表54に記載の化合物である。なお、これ以降の電解液の調製においてもすべて液温を40℃以下に維持しながら行った。
電解液として、電解液No.D(1)~D(12)を用いたこと以外は、実施例206と同様の方法でアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立て、同様に10サイクル後のガス発生量と、500サイクル後の放電容量維持率でセルの劣化の具合を評価した(ガス発生量、サイクル特性評価)。それぞれの値を、比較例201のガス発生量、放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表53に示す。
Oは酸素であり、
Aは炭素数10以下の、不飽和結合や環状構造やハロゲンを有しても良い炭化水素であり、
Bは炭素数10以下の、不飽和結合や環状構造やハロゲンを有しても良い炭化水素、
である。
また、A-B間に二重結合を有しても良い。
〔電解液No.D(13)~D(16)の調製〕
体積比でDEC:PC=2:1である非水有機溶媒に、溶質としてNaPF6を1mol/Lの濃度となるように、イオン性錯体として実施例3で合成した(1Bd-Na)を1質量%の濃度となるように、第5の化合物として表55に記載の化合物を表55に記載の濃度となるように、溶質、イオン性錯体、第5の化合物の順に混合し、1時間撹拌することで、非水電解液電池用電解液を得た。
電解液として、電解液No.D(13)~D(16)を用いたこと以外は、実施例901と同様の方法でアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立て、同様に10サイクル後のガス発生量と、200サイクル後の放電容量維持率でセルの劣化の具合を評価した(ガス発生量、サイクル特性評価)。なお、充電は3.8Vに達した後に1時間3.8Vを維持、放電は1.5Vまで行い、充放電サイクルを繰り返した。それぞれの値を、比較例901のガス発生量、放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表55に示す。
〔電解液No.D(17)~D(28)の調製〕
体積比でEMC:EC=2:1である非水有機溶媒に、溶質としてLiPF6を1mol/Lの濃度となるように、イオン性錯体として実施例4で合成した(3Pa)を1質量%の濃度となるように、第5の化合物として表56に記載の化合物を表56に記載の濃度となるように、溶質、イオン性錯体、第5の化合物の順に混合し、1時間撹拌することで、非水電解液電池用電解液を得た。
電解液として、電解液No.D(17)~D(28)を用いたこと以外は、実施例210と同様の方法でアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立て、同様に10サイクル後のガス発生量と、500サイクル後の放電容量維持率でセルの劣化の具合を評価した(ガス発生量、サイクル特性評価)。それぞれの値を、比較例201のガス発生量、放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表56に示す。
〔電解液No.D(29)~D(32)の調製〕
体積比でDEC:PC=2:1である非水有機溶媒に、溶質としてNaPF6を1mol/Lの濃度となるように、イオン性錯体として実施例3で合成した(1Bd-Na)を1質量%の濃度となるように、第5の化合物として表57に記載の化合物を表57に記載の濃度となるように、溶質、イオン性錯体、第5の化合物の順に混合し、1時間撹拌することで、非水電解液電池用電解液を得た。
電解液として、電解液No.D(29)~D(32)を用いたこと以外は、実施例902と同様の方法でアルミラミネート外装セル(容量300mAh)を組み立て、同様に10サイクル後のガス発生量と、200サイクル後の放電容量維持率でセルの劣化の具合を評価した(ガス発生量、サイクル特性評価)。なお、充電は3.8Vに達した後に1時間3.8Vを維持、放電は1.5Vまで行い、充放電サイクルを繰り返した。それぞれの値を、比較例901のガス発生量、放電容量維持率を100としたときの相対値として表57に示す。
以降、特定のイオン性錯体と第5の化合物について代表的な組合せ及び濃度の電解液を用い、正極の種類、負極の種類等を変えて評価を行った。正極及び負極の組合せと、評価条件は上述の表36の通りである。
Claims (41)
- 下記一般式(1)で示される化学構造よりなるイオン性錯体。
Aは金属イオン、プロトン及びオニウムイオンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、
Fはフッ素であり、
Mは13族元素(Al、B)、14族元素(Si)及び15族元素(P、As、Sb)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、
Oは酸素であり、
Sは硫黄である。
R1は炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基(炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、分岐鎖あるいは環状構造のものも使用できる)、又は-N(R2)-を表す。このとき、R2は水素、アルカリ金属、炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基を表す。炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、R2は分岐鎖あるいは環状構造をとることもできる。
Yは炭素又は硫黄である。Yが炭素である場合、rは1である。Yが硫黄である場合、rは1又は2である。
aは1又は2、oは2又は4、nは1又は2、pは0又は1、qは1又は2、rは0、1又は2である。pが0の場合、S-Y間に直接結合を形成する。) - 前記Aa+が、Liイオン、Naイオン、Kイオン、又は4級アルキルアンモニウムイオンからなる群から選ばれるいずれか一つのカチオンである、請求項1又は2に記載のイオン性錯体。
- 下記一般式(2)で示される化学構造よりなるイオン性錯体。
Aは金属イオン、プロトン及びオニウムイオンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、
Fはフッ素であり、
Mは13族元素(Al、B)、14族元素(Si)、及び15族元素(P、As、Sb)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、
Oは酸素であり、
Nは窒素である。
Yは炭素又は硫黄であり、Yが炭素である場合、qは1であり、Yが硫黄である場合、qは1又は2である。
R1は炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基(炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、分岐鎖あるいは環状構造のものも使用できる)、又は-N(R2)-を表す。このとき、R2は水素、アルカリ金属、炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基を表す。炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、R2は分岐鎖あるいは環状構造をとることもできる。
R3は水素、炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基(炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、分岐鎖あるいは環状構造のものも使用できる)、又は-N(R2)-を表す。このとき、R2は水素、アルカリ金属、炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基を表す。炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、R2は分岐鎖あるいは環状構造をとることもできる。
aは1又は2、oは2又は4、nは1又は2、pは0又は1、qは1又は2、rは0又は1である。pが0の場合、R1の両隣に位置する原子同士(すなわちYと炭素原子)が直接結合を形成する。rが0の場合M-N間に直接結合を形成する。 - 前記Aa+が、Liイオン、Naイオン、Kイオン、又は4級アルキルアンモニウムイオンからなる群から選ばれるいずれか一つのカチオンである、請求項4又は5に記載のイオン性錯体。
- 下記一般式(3)で示される化学構造よりなるイオン性錯体。
Dはハロゲンイオン、ヘキサフルオロリン酸アニオン、テトラフルオロホウ酸アニオン、ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドアニオン、ビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミドアニオン、(フルオロスルホニル)(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドアニオン、ビス(ジフルオロホスホニル)イミドアニオンから選ばれる少なくとも一つであり、
Fはフッ素であり、
Mは13族元素(Al、B)、14族元素(Si)及び15族元素(P、As、Sb)からなる群から選ばれるいずれか1つであり
Oは酸素であり、
Nは窒素である。
Yは炭素又は硫黄であり、Yが炭素である場合qは1であり、Yが硫黄である場合qは1又は2である。
Xは炭素又は硫黄であり、Xが炭素である場合rは1であり、Xが硫黄である場合rは1又は2である。
R1は炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基(炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、分岐鎖あるいは環状構造のものも使用できる)、又は-N(R2)-を表す。このとき、R2は水素、アルカリ金属、炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基を表す。炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、R2は分岐鎖あるいは環状構造をとることもできる。
R4、R5はそれぞれ独立で炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基であり、炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、分岐鎖あるいは環状構造のものも使用できる。また、下記一般式(4)の様にお互いを含む環状構造を有しても良い。
oは2又は4、nは1又は2、pは0又は1、qは1又は2、rは1又は2、sは0又は1である。pが0の場合、Y-X間に直接結合を形成する。
sが0の場合、N(R4)(R5)とR1は直接結合し、その際は下記の(5)~(8)のような構造をとることもできる。直接結合が二重結合となる(6)、(8)の場合、R5は存在しない。また(7)の様に二重結合が環の外に出た構造を取ることも出来る。この場合のR6、R7はそれぞれ独立で水素、又は炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基であり、炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、分岐鎖あるいは環状構造のものも使用できる。)
- 前記Dが、ヘキサフルオロリン酸アニオン、テトラフルオロホウ酸アニオン、ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドアニオン、ビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミドアニオン、(フルオロスルホニル)(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドアニオン、ビス(ジフルオロホスホニル)イミドアニオンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つのアニオンである、請求項7又は8に記載のイオン性錯体。
- 前記Mが、B又はPである請求項1~9のいずれかに記載のイオン性錯体。
- 請求項1から10のいずれかに記載のイオン性錯体を含有する非水電解液電池用電解液。
- 溶質と、請求項1から10のいずれかに記載のイオン性錯体と、非水有機溶媒とを含有する非水電解液電池用電解液。
- 前記溶質が、
アルカリ金属イオン、アルカリ土類金属イオン及び四級アンモニウムからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種のカチオンと、
ヘキサフルオロリン酸、テトラフルオロホウ酸、過塩素酸、ヘキサフルオロヒ酸、ヘキサフルオロアンチモン酸、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸、ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド、ビス(ペンタフルオロエタンスルホニル)イミド、(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)(ペンタフルオロエタンスルホニル)イミド、ビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミド、(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)(フルオロスルホニル)イミド、(ペンタフルオロエタンスルホニル)(フルオロスルホニル)イミド、トリス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)メチド、及びビス(ジフルオロホスホニル)イミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種のアニオンの対からなる塩である、請求項12に記載の非水電解液電池用電解液。 - 前記非水有機溶媒が、カーボネート類、エステル類、エーテル類、ラクトン類、ニトリル類、イミド類、及びスルホン類からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項12又は13に記載の非水電解液電池用電解液。
- 前記非水有機溶媒が、エチルメチルカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、メチルプロピルカーボネート、エチルプロピルカーボネート、メチルブチルカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、ブチレンカーボネート、酢酸メチル、プロピオン酸メチル、プロピオン酸エチル、ジエチルエーテル、アセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル、テトラヒドロフラン、2-メチルテトラヒドロフラン、フラン、テトラヒドロピラン、1,3-ジオキサン、1,4-ジオキサン、ジブチルエーテル、ジイソプロピルエーテル、1,2-ジメトキシエタン、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、スルホラン、γ-ブチロラクトン及びγ-バレロラクトンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項12から14のいずれかに記載の非水電解液電池用電解液。
- 前記非水有機溶媒が、環状カーボネート及び鎖状カーボネートからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する、請求項12又は13に記載の非水電解液電池用電解液。
- 前記環状カーボネートが、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、及びブチレンカーボネートからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、前記鎖状カーボネートが、エチルメチルカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、メチルプロピルカーボネート、エチルプロピルカーボネート、及びメチルブチルカーボネートからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項16に記載の非水電解液電池用電解液。
- 前記イオン性錯体の添加濃度が、溶質、非水有機溶媒及びイオン性錯体の総量に対して0.001~20質量%の範囲である、請求項11から17のいずれかに記載の非水電解液電池用電解液。
- 下記一般式(9)~(16)で示される含フッ素化合物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の第2の化合物をさらに含有する、請求項11から18のいずれかに記載の非水電解液電池用電解液。
- 前記一般式(9)~(11)及び(13)~(15)のR8~R11が、フッ素原子、炭素数が1~10のフッ素原子を有する直鎖あるいは分岐状のアルコキシ基、炭素数が2~10のアルケニルオキシ基、及び炭素数が2~10のアルキニルオキシ基からなる群から選ばれる有機基である、請求項19に記載の非水電解液電池用電解液。
- 前記アルコキシ基が、2,2,2-トリフルオロエトキシ基、2,2,3,3-テトラフルオロプロポキシ基、1,1,1-トリフルオロイソプロポキシ基、及び1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロイソプロポキシ基からなる群から選択され、アルケニルオキシ基が、1-プロペニルオキシ基、2-プロペニルオキシ基、及び3-ブテニルオキシ基からなる群から選択され、前記アルキニルオキシ基が、2-プロピニルオキシ基、及び1,1-ジメチル-2-プロピニルオキシ基からなる群から選択される、請求項20に記載の非水電解液電池用電解液。
- 前記一般式(11)、(12)、(15)及び(16)のX2及びX3が、フッ素原子、炭素数が1~10の直鎖あるいは分岐状のアルコキシ基、炭素数が2~10のアルケニルオキシ基、及び炭素数が2~10のアルキニルオキシ基からなる群から選ばれる有機基である、請求項19から21のいずれかに記載の非水電解液電池用電解液。
- 前記アルコキシ基が、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、及びプロポキシ基からなる群から選択され、前記アルケニルオキシ基が、1-プロペニルオキシ基、2-プロペニルオキシ基、及び3-ブテニルオキシ基からなる群から選択され、前記アルキニルオキシ基が、2-プロピニルオキシ基、及び1,1-ジメチル-2-プロピニルオキシ基からなる群から選択される、請求項22に記載の非水電解液電池用電解液。
- 前記一般式(9)~(16)のM2及びM3が、リチウムイオン、ナトリウムイオン、カリウムイオン、テトラアルキルアンモニウムイオン、及びテトラアルキルホスホニウムイオンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つのカチオンである、請求項19から23のいずれかに記載の非水電解液電池用電解液。
- 前記第2の化合物の添加濃度が、溶質、非水有機溶媒、イオン性錯体及び第2の化合物の総量に対して0.001~10.0質量%の範囲である、請求項19から24のいずれかに記載の非水電解液電池用電解液。
- 下記一般式(17)で示される少なくとも1種の第3の化合物をさらに含有する、請求項11から25のいずれかに記載の非水電解液電池用電解液。
Si(R12)x(R13)4-x (17)
[一般式(17)中、R12はそれぞれ互いに独立して炭素-炭素不飽和結合を有する基を表す。R13はそれぞれ互いに独立して、フッ素原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルケニル基、アルケニルオキシ基、アルキニル基、アルキニルオキシ基、アリール基、及びアリールオキシ基からなる群から選ばれる基を示し、これらの基はフッ素原子及び/又は酸素原子を有していても良い。xは2~4である。] - 前記一般式(17)のR12で表される基が、それぞれ互いに独立して、ビニル基、アリル基、1-プロペニル基、エチニル基、及び2-プロピニル基からなる群から選択される基である、請求項26に記載の非水電解液電池用電解液。
- 前記一般式(17)のR13で表される基が、それぞれ互いに独立して、フッ素原子、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、2,2,2-トリフルオロエチル基、2,2,3,3-テトラフルオロプロピル基、1,1,1-トリフルオロイソプロピル基、1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロイソプロピル基、2,2,2-トリフルオロエトキシ基、2,2,3,3-テトラフルオロプロポキシ基、2,2,3,3,3-ペンタフルオロプロポキシ基、1,1,1-トリフルオロイソプロポキシ基、及び1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロイソプロポキシ基からなる群から選択される基である、請求項26又は27に記載の非水電解液電池用電解液。
- 前記一般式(17)のxが2~3である、請求項26から28のいずれかに記載の非水電解液電池用電解液。
- 前記第3の化合物の添加濃度が、溶質、非水有機溶媒、イオン性錯体、及び第3の化合物の総量に対して0.005~7.0質量%の範囲である、請求項26から29のいずれかに記載の非水電解液電池用電解液。
- 下記一般式(18)、(19)、及び(20)で示される環状スルホン酸化合物、1,3-プロパンスルトン及び1,2-ペンタンジオール硫酸エステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の第4の化合物をさらに含有する、請求項11から30のいずれかに記載の非水電解液電池用電解液。
- 前記第4の化合物の添加濃度が、溶質、非水有機溶媒、イオン性錯体、及び第4の化合物の総量に対して0.001~10質量%の範囲である、請求項31に記載の非水電解液電池用電解液。
- 前記第5の化合物の添加濃度が、溶質、非水有機溶媒、イオン性錯体、及び第5の化合物の総量に対して0.001~10質量%の範囲である、請求項33に記載の非水電解液電池用電解液。
- 正極と、
リチウム又はリチウムの吸蔵放出の可能な負極材料からなる負極と、
請求項11から34のいずれかに記載の非水電解液電池用電解液とを含む非水電解液電池。 - 正極と、
ナトリウム又はナトリウムの吸蔵放出の可能な負極材料からなる負極と、
請求項11から34のいずれかに記載の非水電解液電池用電解液とを含む非水電解液電池。 - 五フッ化リン及び/又は三フッ化ホウ素と、カルボスルホン酸又はその塩、ジスルホン酸又はその塩、アミノ酸又はその塩、アミドカルボン酸又はその塩、ジアミド又はその塩、アミノスルホン酸又はその塩、イミン酸又はその塩、及びイミンスルホン酸又はその塩(酸アニオンの対カチオンは、プロトンイオン、アルカリ金属イオン、アルカリ土類金属イオン、及び四級アンモニウムからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種のカチオン)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種とを溶媒中で反応させる反応工程を有する、下記一般式(1)、(2)又は(3)で示されるイオン性錯体の合成法。
Aは金属イオン、プロトン及びオニウムイオンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、
Fはフッ素であり、
Mは13族元素(Al、B)、14族元素(Si)及び15族元素(P、As、Sb)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、
Oは酸素であり、
Sは硫黄である。
R1は炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基(炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、分岐鎖あるいは環状構造のものも使用できる)、又は-N(R2)-を表す。このとき、R2は水素、アルカリ金属、炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基を表す。炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、R2は分岐鎖あるいは環状構造をとることもできる。
Yは炭素又は硫黄である。Yが炭素である場合、rは1である。Yが硫黄である場合、rは1又は2である。
aは1又は2、oは2又は4、nは1又は2、pは0又は1、qは1又は2、rは0、1又は2である。pが0の場合、S-Y間に直接結合を形成する。)
Aは金属イオン、プロトン及びオニウムイオンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、
Fはフッ素であり、
Mは13族元素(Al、B)、14族元素(Si)、及び15族元素(P、As、Sb)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、
Oは酸素であり、
Nは窒素である。
Yは炭素又は硫黄であり、Yが炭素である場合、qは1であり、Yが硫黄である場合、qは1又は2である。
R1は炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基(炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、分岐鎖あるいは環状構造のものも使用できる)、又は-N(R2)-を表す。このとき、R2は水素、アルカリ金属、炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基を表す。炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、R2は分岐鎖あるいは環状構造をとることもできる。
R3は水素、炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基(炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、分岐鎖あるいは環状構造のものも使用できる)、又は-N(R2)-を表す。このとき、R2は水素、アルカリ金属、炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基を表す。炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、R2は分岐鎖あるいは環状構造をとることもできる。
aは1又は2、oは2又は4、nは1又は2、pは0又は1、qは1又は2、rは0又は1である。pが0の場合、R1の両隣に位置する原子同士(すなわちYと炭素原子)が直接結合を形成する。rが0の場合M-N間に直接結合を形成する。)
Dはハロゲンイオン、ヘキサフルオロリン酸アニオン、テトラフルオロホウ酸アニオン、ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドアニオン、ビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミドアニオン、(フルオロスルホニル)(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドアニオン、ビス(ジフルオロホスホニル)イミドアニオンから選ばれる少なくとも一つであり、
Fはフッ素であり、
Mは13族元素(Al、B)、14族元素(Si)及び15族元素(P、As、Sb)からなる群から選ばれるいずれか1つであり
Oは酸素であり、
Nは窒素である。
Yは炭素又は硫黄であり、Yが炭素である場合qは1であり、Yが硫黄である場合qは1又は2である。
Xは炭素又は硫黄であり、Xが炭素である場合rは1であり、Xが硫黄である場合rは1又は2である。
R1は炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基(炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、分岐鎖あるいは環状構造のものも使用できる)、又は-N(R2)-を表す。このとき、R2は水素、アルカリ金属、炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基を表す。炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、R2は分岐鎖あるいは環状構造をとることもできる。
R4、R5はそれぞれ独立で炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基であり、炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、分岐鎖あるいは環状構造のものも使用できる。また、下記一般式(4)の様にお互いを含む環状構造を有しても良い。
oは2又は4、nは1又は2、pは0又は1、qは1又は2、rは1又は2、sは0又は1である。pが0の場合、Y-X間に直接結合を形成する。
sが0の場合、N(R4)(R5)とR1は直接結合し、その際は下記の(5)~(8)のような構造をとることもできる。直接結合が二重結合となる(6)、(8)の場合、R5は存在しない。また(7)の様に二重結合が環の外に出た構造を取ることも出来る。この場合のR6、R7はそれぞれ独立で水素、又は炭素数1~10の環やヘテロ原子やハロゲン原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基であり、炭素数が3以上の場合にあっては、分岐鎖あるいは環状構造のものも使用できる。)
- 前記溶媒が、エチルメチルカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、メチルプロピルカーボネート、エチルプロピルカーボネート、酢酸メチル、プロピオン酸メチル、ジエチルエーテル、アセトニトリル、テトラヒドロフラン、2-メチルテトラヒドロフラン、フラン、テトラヒドロピラン、1,3-ジオキサン、1,4-ジオキサン、ジイソプロピルエーテル、及び1,2-ジメトキシエタンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項37に記載のイオン性錯体の合成法。
- 前記反応工程の際の内温が、-40℃以上120℃以下又は-40℃以上溶媒の沸点以下である、請求項37又は38に記載のイオン性錯体の合成法。
- 前記反応工程の後で得られる、前記イオン性錯体及び1質量%以上のテトラフルオロホウ酸リチウムが含まれる溶液に対して、ヘキサフルオロリン酸ナトリウムを添加することで、テトラフルオロホウ酸アニオンをテトラフルオロホウ酸ナトリウムとして析出させた後にろ別する精製工程を有する、請求項37から39のいずれかに記載のイオン性錯体の合成法。
- 前記ヘキサフルオロリン酸ナトリウムの添加量が前記テトラフルオロホウ酸リチウムに対して0.8モル当量以上1.2モル当量以下である、請求項40に記載のイオン性錯体の合成法。
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JP2016027028A (ja) | 2016-02-18 |
US10424794B2 (en) | 2019-09-24 |
US20170204124A1 (en) | 2017-07-20 |
KR20170021335A (ko) | 2017-02-27 |
KR101947068B1 (ko) | 2019-02-12 |
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