WO2015188727A1 - 氮杂环丁酮化合物制备方法及其中间体 - Google Patents

氮杂环丁酮化合物制备方法及其中间体 Download PDF

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WO2015188727A1
WO2015188727A1 PCT/CN2015/080893 CN2015080893W WO2015188727A1 WO 2015188727 A1 WO2015188727 A1 WO 2015188727A1 CN 2015080893 W CN2015080893 W CN 2015080893W WO 2015188727 A1 WO2015188727 A1 WO 2015188727A1
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formula
compound
acid
group
reaction
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PCT/CN2015/080893
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English (en)
French (fr)
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白骅
赵旭阳
张云才
李旭飞
张勇
许德洲
张力
徐肖杰
朱齐凤
王晓明
杨志清
钟泽华
张健
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浙江海正药业股份有限公司
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Priority to US15/317,297 priority Critical patent/US9926268B2/en
Priority to JP2016571411A priority patent/JP6321829B2/ja
Priority to EP15805807.3A priority patent/EP3153496B1/en
Priority to RU2016151618A priority patent/RU2650687C1/ru
Publication of WO2015188727A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015188727A1/zh
Priority to US15/835,649 priority patent/US10364219B2/en

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D205/00Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D205/02Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D205/06Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
    • C07D205/08Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with one oxygen atom directly attached in position 2, e.g. beta-lactams
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/06Antihyperlipidemics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C51/00Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
    • C07C51/347Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups
    • C07C51/367Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by introduction of functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C59/00Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
    • C07C59/40Unsaturated compounds
    • C07C59/42Unsaturated compounds containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
    • C07C59/56Unsaturated compounds containing hydroxy or O-metal groups containing halogen
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C67/00Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
    • C07C67/30Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C67/00Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
    • C07C67/30Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
    • C07C67/317Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by splitting-off hydrogen or functional groups; by hydrogenolysis of functional groups
    • C07C67/327Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by splitting-off hydrogen or functional groups; by hydrogenolysis of functional groups by elimination of functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C67/00Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
    • C07C67/30Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
    • C07C67/333Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C67/343Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C69/00Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
    • C07C69/62Halogen-containing esters
    • C07C69/65Halogen-containing esters of unsaturated acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C69/00Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
    • C07C69/66Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety
    • C07C69/73Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of unsaturated acids
    • C07C69/732Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of unsaturated acids of unsaturated hydroxy carboxylic acids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of chemistry, and in particular to a cholesterol absorption inhibitor of the compound of formula (I), namely (3R,4S)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)- A novel preparation method of 4-hydroxybutyl-2(Z)-ene]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-azetidinone and a synthetic intermediate thereof.
  • statins which are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, which can effectively inhibit the biosynthesis of cholesterol in the body; the other is to prevent the absorption of cholesterol from the small intestine.
  • Ezetimibe is a commonly used cholesterol absorption inhibitor.
  • U.S. Patent (US 5,846,966) describes ezetimibe, which has the following chemical structure:
  • the side chain on the 3-position carbon of the azetidinone of the compound is a chiral benzyl alcohol, and the chiral carbon is in the S configuration.
  • the structure-activity relationship shows that the S configuration is better than the R configuration, which indicates that the stereochemistry of the benzylic carbon is very important.
  • WO 2011/017907 reports a new class of azetidinone compounds which are also effective in inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol, but the side chain at the 3-position carbon of azetidinone is not a chiral benzyl alcohol, but An achiral allyl alcohol, and the Z-configuration double bond exhibits much better efficacy than the E-configuration double bond.
  • the most potent compound of this class (3R,4S)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxybutyl-2 (Z)
  • the chemical structure of the 1-alkenyl-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-azetidinone is as follows:
  • the present invention provides a novel process for the preparation of such azetidinone.
  • the new process raw material is easy to obtain, the synthesis steps are few, and the Z configuration double bond can be generated stereoscopically, the operation is simple, the yield is high, the cost is low, and the invention can be used for industrial production.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a novel key intermediate (compound of formula III, formula IV, formula V) for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) and a process for its preparation:
  • R 1 is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group or an isopropyl group, more preferably a methyl group.
  • the ketone of the formula II is selectively subjected to Grignard addition using a Grignard reagent 4-fluorophenyl magnesium halide to obtain a tertiary alcohol of the formula III:
  • R 1 is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group or an isopropyl group, more preferably a methyl group; and X is a halogen, preferably chlorine, bromine or iodine.
  • the Grignard reagent 4-fluorophenyl magnesium halide of this reaction is preferably 4-fluorophenyl magnesium bromide.
  • the molar ratio of the compound of the formula II to the 4-fluorophenyl magnesium halide of the Grignard reagent in the reaction is from 1:1.0 to 5.0, preferably from 1:1.1 to 3.0.
  • the reaction temperature is controlled at -78 ° C to -5 ° C, preferably -50 ° C to -10 ° C.
  • R 1 is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group or an isopropyl group, more preferably a methyl group.
  • the dehydrating agent is selected from the group consisting of concentrated sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, phosphoric acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride or methanesulfonic acid, preferably trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride.
  • the molar ratio of the compound of the formula III to the dehydrating agent is from 1:1.0 to 3.0, preferably from 1:1.0 to 1.5.
  • the solvent for the reaction is selected from dichloromethane or toluene, preferably dichloromethane.
  • R 1 is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group or an isopropyl group, more preferably a methyl group.
  • the reducing agent for this reaction is preferably diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAH).
  • the solvent for the reaction is selected from the group consisting of dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, toluene or dioxane, preferably toluene.
  • the molar ratio of the compound of the reaction formula IV to the reducing agent is from 1:2.5 to 5.0, preferably from 1:3.0 to 4.0.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a novel process for the preparation of a compound of the formula (I) according to the above intermediate, which further provides an improved, simple, selective and high yield of the compound of the formula (I). method.
  • the compound of the formula (I) is a novel azetidinone compound capable of lowering blood cholesterol.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • R 1 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, preferably methyl, ethyl or isopropyl, more preferably methyl;
  • X is halogen, preferably chlorine, bromine or iodine.
  • R 2 is an alcohol hydroxy protecting group such as an acetyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzoyl group (the "substituted” includes a halogen, an alkyl group, a nitro group) and the like.
  • carboxylic acid represented by the formula VI is reacted with an acylating agent to form a mixed anhydride; or the carboxylic acid represented by the formula VI and a phosphorus trihalide, phosphorus pentoxide, chlorine disulfoxide (SOCl 2 ), oxalyl chloride ((COCl) 2 ) or phosgene (COCl 2 ) reacts to form an acid halide;
  • X is chlorine or bromine.
  • step (4) and the step (5) may also be combined, that is, the compound of the formula V is prepared by a one-pot method of the compound of the formula V, and the steps include: firstly protecting the alcoholic hydroxyl group represented by the formula V in a suitable solvent.
  • the compound represented by VI without isolation and purification, directly converts the carboxylic acid represented by the formula VI into a mixed anhydride or acid halide, and then with the chiral auxiliary (S)-4-phenyl group represented by the formula VII.
  • the 2-oxazolidinone is reacted to obtain an oxazolidinone derivative of the formula VIII:
  • carboxylic acid represented by the formula VI is reacted with an acylating agent to form a mixed anhydride; or the carboxylic acid represented by the formula VI and a phosphorus trihalide, phosphorus chlorohalide sulfoxide (SOCl 2 ), oxalyl chloride ((COCl) 2 Or phosgene (COCl 2 ) reacts to form an acid chloride halide;
  • X is chlorine or bromine.
  • R 2 and R 3 are each a hydroxy protecting group, such as an acetyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzoyl group (the "substitution” includes a halogen, an alkyl group, a nitro group), etc., which may be the same or different. .
  • R 1 is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group or an isopropyl group, more preferably a methyl group; and both R 2 and R 3 are a hydroxy protecting group such as an acetyl group.
  • R 1 is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group or an isopropyl group, more preferably a methyl group
  • both R 2 and R 3 are a hydroxy protecting group such as an acetyl group.
  • a substituted or unsubstituted benzoyl group includes a halogen, an alkyl group, a nitro group), etc., which may be the same or different.
  • the molar ratio of the compound of the formula II to the Grignard reagent 4-fluorophenyl magnesium halide is 1:1.0 to 5.0, preferably 1:1.1 to 3.0; the Grignard reagent 4-fluorophenyl halogenated
  • the magnesium is preferably 4-fluorophenylmagnesium bromide; the reaction temperature is controlled from -78 ° C to -5 ° C, preferably from -50 ° C to -10 ° C.
  • the dehydrating agent is selected from the group consisting of concentrated sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, phosphoric acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride or methanesulfonic acid, preferably trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride; molar ratio of the compound of formula III to the dehydrating agent. It is 1:1.0 to 3.0, preferably 1:1.0 to 1.5; the reaction solvent is selected from dichloromethane or toluene, preferably dichloromethane.
  • the molar ratio of the compound of the formula IV to the reducing agent is 1:2.5 to 5.0, preferably 1:3.0 to 4.0; the reducing agent is preferably diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAH); the reaction solvent is selected from dichloromethane. Tetrahydrofuran, toluene or dioxane, preferably toluene.
  • DIBAH diisobutylaluminum hydride
  • the alcohol hydroxy protecting group R 2 is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted benzoyl group, more preferably a substituted benzoyl group, wherein the "substituted" is preferably substituted with a nitro group, more preferably with a nitro group.
  • the solvent for the reaction is selected from the group consisting of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 1,3-two Methyl propylene urea (DMPU) or hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA), preferably N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA);
  • the molar ratio of compound V to hydroxy protecting agent is 1:1.0-3.0, It is preferably 1:1.2 to 2.3.
  • the acylating agent is selected from the group consisting of pivaloyl chloride, 3-nitrobenzoyl chloride or isobutyl chloroformate, preferably pivaloyl chloride or 3-nitrobenzoyl chloride; a compound of the formula VI
  • the molar ratio to the acylating agent is 1:1.0 to 2.0, preferably 1:1.1 to 1.6; the compound of the formula VI and the chiral auxiliary (S)-4-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone of the formula VII
  • the molar ratio is from 1:0.5 to 1.5, preferably from 1:0.8 to 1.1.
  • step (4) and step (5) are combined into one step, that is, when the compound of formula VIII is prepared by a one-pot method of the compound of formula V, the alcohol hydroxy protecting group R 2 is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted benzoyl group, more preferably substituted benzene.
  • Formyl wherein the "substitution" is preferably substituted with a nitro group, more preferably with a nitro group at the 3-position;
  • the solvent is selected from the group consisting of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethyl Acetamide (DMA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 1,3-dimethylpropenuril (DMPU) or hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA), preferably N,N-dimethylacetamide ( DMA);
  • the molar ratio of the compound V to the alcoholic hydroxyl protecting agent is from 1:1.0 to 3.0, preferably from 1:1.0 to 1.5;
  • the acylating agent is selected from the group consisting of pivaloyl chloride, 3-nitrobenzoyl chloride or isobutyl chloroformate, Preference is given to pivaloyl chloride or 3-nitrobenzoyl chloride;
  • the molar ratio of compound V to acylating agent is from 1:1.0
  • the phenolic hydroxyl protecting group R 3 is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted benzoyl group, more preferably a substituted benzoyl group, wherein the "substituted" is preferably substituted with a nitro group, more preferably with a nitro group.
  • the tertiary amine is preferably diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA);
  • DIPEA diisopropylethylamine
  • the molar ratio of the compound of the formula VIII to the imine (compound of the formula IX) is from 1:1.0 to 2.0, preferably from 1:1.0 to 1.2;
  • the reaction temperature is controlled In the range of -90 ° C to 0 ° C, preferably -80 ° C to -20 ° C;
  • the post-treatment quenching reaction may be selected from the mixture of an alcohol, an acid or an acid diluted with an organic solvent; wherein the alcohol used is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, and C.
  • Alcohol isopropanol, tert-butanol, preferably isopropanol; wherein the acid used is selected from the group consisting of inorganic acids and organic acids, including hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrobromic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, citric acid, maleic acid or tartaric acid, preferably organic acids, including formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, Benzoic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, citric acid, maleic acid or tartaric acid, more preferably acetic acid Trifluoroacetate.
  • the reaction solvent is selected from acetonitrile or toluene, preferably toluene; and the molar ratio of the compound of the formula XI to N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide (BSA) is 1:1.0 to 5.0, preferably 1: 2.0 to 4.0; the molar ratio of the compound of the formula XI to tetrabutylammonium fluoride trihydrate (TBAF) is from 1:0.1 to 0.5, preferably from 1:0.1 to 0.3.
  • BSA N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide
  • TBAF tetrabutylammonium fluoride trihydrate
  • the solvent used for the deprotection of the compound of the formula XII, XIII, XIV is preferably acetone, and the base used is preferably an aqueous lithium hydroxide solution; the molar ratio of the base used to the compound XI in the step (7) is 3.0 to 5.0:1. .
  • the invention also relates to protecting intermediates of formula III, formula IV and formula V.
  • Halogen means fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.
  • Alkyl as a group or part of a group refers to a straight or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group. Most preferred are C 1 -C 6 alkyl groups unless otherwise indicated. Examples of straight or branched C 1 -C 6 alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 2-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, Heji and so on.
  • Root temperature means 20 to 30 °C.
  • Step (1)
  • Step (2)
  • Step (3)
  • Step (4)
  • Step (6)
  • Step (8)
  • Tf 2 O is trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride
  • DIBAH is diisobutylaluminum hydride
  • DMAP is 4-dimethylaminopyridine
  • DIPEA is diisopropylethylamine
  • BSA is N,O-double (trimethylsilyl)acetamide
  • TBAF is tetrabutylammonium fluoride trihydrate, wherein R 1 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, preferably methyl, ethyl or isopropyl, more preferably methyl;
  • R 2 And R 3 are both a hydroxy protecting group such as an acetyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzoyl group (the "substituted” includes a halogen, an alkyl group, a nitro group), and the like, and the two may be the same or different.
  • the ketone carbonyl group represented by the formula II is added to the Grignard reagent to form an alcohol represented by the formula III.
  • the reaction process is as follows: a compound of the formula II (1 equivalent) is added to an anhydrous solvent (for example, tetrahydrofuran or diethyl ether, preferably tetrahydrofuran), and the temperature is lowered, and the mixture is added at -78 ° C to -5 ° C (preferably -50 ° C to -10 ° C).
  • anhydrous solvent for example, tetrahydrofuran or diethyl ether, preferably tetrahydrofuran
  • Grignard reagent for example, 4-fluorophenyl magnesium halide, preferably 4-fluorophenyl magnesium bromide
  • stirring and stirring for 1 to 2 hours, and then terminated with an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride reaction.
  • the product of formula III is isolated by extraction and purification by crystallization.
  • the raw material carboxylic acid ketone ester (the compound of the formula II) can be synthesized by a literature method (Tetrahedron Letters, 1994, 35, 6089-6092), that is, in an acetonitrile solvent, cyclopentanone-2-carboxylate in a copper salt (
  • the ketone of formula II is obtained by oxidative ring opening under the catalysis of CuCl 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O, CuSO 4 ⁇ 5H 2 O, Cu(OAc) 2 ⁇ H 2 O or Cu(ClO 4 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O).
  • the reaction formula is as follows:
  • the tertiary alcohol represented by the formula III is stereoselectively dehydrated to form a (Z)-a, ⁇ -unsaturated ester represented by the formula IV.
  • Document J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 5039-5042 reports on a-aryl-a groups
  • the hydroxy ester is selectively dehydrated by a dehydrating agent (trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride) and a base (such as pyridine or DMAP) to give a (Z)-a-aryl-a, ⁇ -unsaturated ester.
  • the reaction time reported in the literature is long (10-12 hours at room temperature), and it is not reported whether or not the ⁇ -carboxy-a-aryl-a-hydroxy ester is suitable for the reaction.
  • the method of the invention improves the reaction in the prior art literature, so that the (Z)- ⁇ -carboxy-a-aryl-a, ⁇ -unsaturated ester can be prepared with high efficiency and selectivity, and the reaction time is short after the improvement.
  • the selectivity is good and does not require base (pyridine or DMAP) catalysis.
  • the carboxylic acid hydroxy ester (compound of formula III, 1 equivalent) is dissolved in a non-polar anhydrous solvent (for example dichloromethane), and 1.0 to 3.0 equivalents (preferably 1.0 to 1.5 equivalents) are added at 5 ° C to 15 ° C for dehydration.
  • a non-polar anhydrous solvent for example dichloromethane
  • 1.0 to 3.0 equivalents preferably 1.0 to 1.5 equivalents
  • the reagent preferably trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride
  • the product of formula IV is isolated by extraction.
  • the ester group in the compound of the formula IV is selectively reduced while leaving the carboxyl group.
  • the compound of the formula IV (1 equivalent) is dissolved in a suitable solvent (preferably toluene), and a base such as triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine is added at room temperature to form a salt of the carboxyl group, followed by cooling, at -30 ° C.
  • a reducing agent preferably diisobutylaluminum hydride
  • reaction solution is slowly added dropwise to a base (for example, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide or aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, preferably aqueous sodium hydroxide solution) at a temperature t ⁇ 15 ° C, stirred, layered, and water phase first.
  • a base for example, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide or aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, preferably aqueous sodium hydroxide solution
  • the organic impurities are extracted by extraction with a suitable solvent (for example, dichloromethane), and then acidified with an acid (for example, hydrochloric acid), followed by extraction with a suitable solvent (for example, ethyl acetate), and the product is isolated and purified by crystallization (Z).
  • a suitable solvent for example, dichloromethane
  • an acid for example, hydrochloric acid
  • a suitable solvent for example, ethyl acetate
  • the hydroxyl group in the compound of the formula V is selectively protected, and the carboxyl group is retained.
  • the compound of the formula V (1 equivalent) is dissolved in a suitable anhydrous solvent (preferably N,N-dimethylacetamide), and 1.0 to 3.0 equivalents (preferably 1.2 to 2.3 equivalents) are added at -5 to 40 °C.
  • the hydroxy protecting agent preferably nitrobenzoyl chloride, more preferably 3-nitrobenzoyl chloride
  • the resulting mixed anhydride is hydrolyzed by the addition of a suitable base (e.g., pyridine), and then a base (e.g., imidazole) is added to remove the carboxylic acid salt of the hydrolyzed protective agent.
  • a suitable base e.g., pyridine
  • a base e.g., imidazole
  • the product of formula VI is isolated by extraction.
  • the compound of the formula VI (1 equivalent) is dissolved in an anhydrous inert solvent (for example, tetrahydrofuran or dichloromethane, preferably dichloromethane), and 1.0 to 2.0 equivalents (preferably 1.1 to 1.6) is added.
  • an acylating agent for example, pivaloyl chloride, isobutyl chloroformate or 3-nitrobenzoyl chloride, preferably pivaloyl chloride or 3-nitrobenzoyl chloride
  • a base such as triethylamine
  • a chiral auxiliary represented by the formula VII ((S) -4-Phenyl-2-oxazolidinone) is added to the obtained mixed anhydride solution while adding 0.1 to 0.3 equivalent of a suitable catalyst (such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine), and the reaction is stirred at room temperature for 3 to 5 hours to condense.
  • a suitable catalyst such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine
  • step (4) can be combined with step (5) to prepare a compound of formula VIII in a one-pot process from a compound of formula V.
  • the compound of the formula V (1 equivalent) is dissolved in a suitable anhydrous solvent (preferably N,N-dimethylacetamide), and 1.0 to 3.0 equivalents (preferably 1.0 to 1.5 equivalents) are added at -5 to 40 °C. a hydroxy protecting agent (preferably nitrobenzoyl chloride, more preferably 3-nitrobenzoyl chloride).
  • a hydroxy protecting agent preferably nitrobenzoyl chloride, more preferably 3-nitrobenzoyl chloride.
  • pivaloyl chloride, isobutyl chloroformate or 3-nitrobenzoyl chloride, preferably pivaloyl chloride or 3-nitrobenzoyl chloride, more preferably 3-nitrobenzoyl chloride) and base eg triethylamine
  • an anhydrous inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or dichloromethane, preferably dichloromethane
  • 0.5 to 1.5 equivalents (preferably 0.7 to 1.1 equivalents) of a chiral auxiliary VII ((S)-4-phenyl group) -2-oxazolidinone) and 0.1 to 0.5 equivalents of a suitable catalyst e.g., 4-dimethylaminopyridine
  • a suitable catalyst e.g., 4-dimethylaminopyridine
  • step (6) in a suitable anhydrous solvent (such as anhydrous dichloromethane), under the protection of a dry inert gas stream (such as nitrogen), the temperature is lowered, and the Lewis acid TiCl 4 is added at a temperature of -5 ° C to 0 ° C. (1.1 to 1.5 equivalents) and titanium tetraisopropoxide (0.3 to 0.5 equivalent), and the reaction is stirred for 20 to 40 minutes to prepare a titanium reagent, which is reserved for use.
  • a suitable anhydrous solvent such as anhydrous dichloromethane
  • the acylated oxazolidinone derivative of formula VIII (1 equivalent), the protected imine compound of formula IX (1.0 to 2.0 equivalents, preferably 1.0 to 1.2 equivalents) is then dissolved in an anhydrous solvent (eg, Anhydrous dichloromethane), a tertiary amine (such as diisopropylethylamine) is added, stirred for 10 minutes, cooled, and slowly added at a temperature of -90 ° C to 0 ° C (preferably -80 ° C to -20 ° C).
  • an anhydrous solvent eg, Anhydrous dichloromethane
  • a tertiary amine such as diisopropylethylamine
  • the obtained titanium reagent is further kept warm, and after the reaction is completed, an appropriate amount of an acid (preferably acetic acid or trifluoroacetic acid) is added to quench the reaction.
  • an acid preferably acetic acid or trifluoroacetic acid
  • the compound of the formula XI (1 equivalent) is dissolved in a suitable solvent (for example, toluene), and 1.0 to 5.0 equivalents (preferably 2.0 to 4.0 equivalents) of N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide is added.
  • BSA a suitable solvent
  • 0.1 to 0.5 equivalent preferably 0.1 to 0.3 equivalent
  • TBAF tetrabutylammonium fluoride trihydrate
  • step (8) a mixture of compounds of formula XII, XIII, XIV is dissolved in a suitable solvent (excellent In acetone selection, 3 to 5 equivalents (calculated as 1 equivalent of the compound XI in step 7) is added at room temperature.
  • the base preferably aqueous lithium hydroxide
  • the base is used to hydrolyze the hydroxy protecting group, and the reaction is stirred for 2 to 3 hours, using a weak acid (for example). Acidified, extracted, concentrated, and chromatographed to obtain a compound of formula I, which is then purified by recrystallization.
  • the invention uses the ketone ester of the carboxylic acid represented by the formula II as a raw material, undergoes Grignard addition, stereoselective dehydration, ester group reduction, hydroxyl group protection, condensation with a chiral auxiliary agent, and addition with an imine, and finally closing the ring. Deprotection gives the compound of formula (I).
  • the advantages of the present invention are summarized as follows:
  • step 2 of the process stereoselectively obtaining Z-type olefins, allowing subsequent multi-step reactions to be carried out as a single isomer, simplifying the separation operation while reducing costs;
  • a nitro-substituted benzoyl group is used, preferably a 3-substituted benzoyl group is used, and on the one hand, the crystallization of key intermediates is enhanced.
  • the process material of the invention is easy to obtain, has few synthesis steps, simple operation, high yield, good stereo selectivity, low cost, and can be used for industrial scale production.
  • Step 1 To a 100 L reaction tank, 12 Kg of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 60 L of methanol were added, stirred and dissolved, and 12 Kg of 4-fluoroaniline was added dropwise at room temperature, and the reaction was continued for 2 to 3 hours after the completion of the dropwise addition. The sample was subjected to TLC detection until the spot of the starting material (4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) disappeared, and the solid produced by the reaction was filtered, dried, and weighed 19 kg (yield: 90%).
  • Step 2 Add the product obtained in the first step and 200 L of dichloromethane to a 500 L reaction tank, stir to dissolve, add 22 Kg of triethylamine, 1.8 Kg of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) at room temperature, and add 20 Kg of the solution.
  • 50 L of a solution of 3-nitrobenzoyl chloride in dichloromethane was added, and the reaction was continued for 2 to 3 hours after the completion of the dropwise addition. Sampling by TLC was performed until the spots of the starting material (product obtained in step one) disappeared.
  • the pH was adjusted to 4-6 with 2M hydrochloric acid, and the mixture was allowed to stand for separation.
  • the organic phase was collected and the aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane (30L ⁇ 2 times). The organic phase was combined and washed once with brine. The organic layer was dried, filtered, and evaporated to dryness.
  • the pH was adjusted to 4-6 with 2M hydrochloric acid, and the mixture was allowed to stand for separation.
  • the organic phase was collected and the aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane (30 mL ⁇ 2 times).
  • the organic phase was combined and the aqueous imidazole solution was added (11.1 g of imidazole dissolved in 30 mL of water) Stir After mixing for 1 to 2 hours, it was washed once with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, evaporated, evaporated, evaporated. %; yield: 78.0%).
  • Step 1 Add 18 g (0.080 mol) of (Z)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-hydroxy-hex-4-enoic acid (Compound V), 90 mL of N,N-dimethyl to a 250 mL reaction flask. Acetylamine, stirred and dissolved, protected with nitrogen, 17.8 g (0.096 mol) of 3-nitrobenzoyl chloride was added at a temperature of 25 ° C to 30 ° C, and the reaction was kept for 2 hours. The reaction was confirmed by HPLC, and the reaction solution was left to stand.
  • Compound V Compound V
  • Step 2 Add 180 mL of dichloromethane, 16.3 g (0.088 mol) of 3-nitrobenzoyl chloride to a 500 mL reaction flask, protect with nitrogen, and add 32.4 g (0.32 mol) of triethylamine at a temperature of 25 ° C to 30 ° C. Then, the reaction liquid of the first step is added dropwise at a temperature of 25 ° C to 30 ° C (1 to 2 hours), the reaction is kept for 5 minutes after the addition, and 11.75 g (0.072 mol) of (S)-4-phenyl is further added. 2-oxazolidinone and 4.4 g (0.036 mol) of 4-dimethylaminopyridine were incubated for 6 to 7 hours, and the reaction was confirmed by HPLC.
  • Example 10 (3R,4S)-4-[4-(3-Nitrobenzoyloxy)phenyl]-3-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(3-nitro Benzoyloxy)butan-2(Z)-alkenyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-azetidinone (XIIa), (3R, 4S)-4-(4-hydroxyl Phenyl)-3-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(3-nitrobenzoyloxy)butan-2(Z)-alkenyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl) -2-azetidinone (XIIIa), (3R, 4S)-4-(4-trimethylsiloxyphenyl)-3-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(3 Of -nitrobenzoyloxy)butan-2(Z)-alkenyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-aze
  • a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution 30.2 Kg of sodium hydroxide dissolved in 140 L of water
  • Example 18 (3R,4S)-4-[4-(3-Nitrobenzoyloxy)phenyl]-3-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(3-nitro Benzoyloxy)butan-2(Z)-alkenyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-azetidinone (XIIa), (3R, 4S)-4-(4-hydroxyl Phenyl)-3-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(3-nitrobenzoyloxy)butan-2(Z)-alkenyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl) -2-azetidinone (XIIIa), (3R, 4S)-4-(4-trimethylsiloxyphenyl)-3-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(3 -nitrobenzoyloxy)butan-2(Z)-alkenyl]-1-(4-fluorobenzene Preparation of 2-a

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种式(I)所示的氮杂环丁酮化合物的新的制备方法。以式(II)所示的羧酸酮酯为原料,经过格氏加成,立体选择性脱水,酯基还原,羟基保护,与手性助剂缩合后再与亚胺加成,最后关环,脱保护得到式(I)化合物。该工艺原料易得,合成步骤少,操作简单,收率高,立体选择性好,成本低,可用于工业化生产。

Description

氮杂环丁酮化合物制备方法及其中间体 技术领域
本发明涉及化学领域,尤其涉及一种胆固醇吸收抑制剂式(I)化合物,即(3R,4S)-4-(4-羟基苯基)-3-[3-(4-氟苯基)-4-羟基丁基-2(Z)-烯]-1-(4-氟苯基)-2-氮杂环丁酮的新制备方法及其合成中间体。
背景技术
在西方,冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)是造成死亡的主要原因,而胆固醇则是导致这种疾病的危险因素之一。目前,有两类药物用于降低血浆胆固醇水平。一类是他汀类药物(Statin),这类药物是HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂,能够有效地抑制胆固醇在体内的生物合成;另一类的作用则是阻止胆固醇从小肠的吸收,而依折麦布(Ezetimibe)就是常用的胆固醇吸收抑制剂。美国专利(US 5846966)描述了依折麦布,其化学结构如下:
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000001
该化合物氮杂环丁酮3位碳上的侧链是一手性苄醇,且手性碳为S构型。构效关系显示:S构型的药效好于R构型,这说明苄位碳的立体化学非常重要。
WO 2011/017907报道了一类新的氮杂环丁酮化合物,这类化合物同样能够有效地抑制胆固醇的吸收,但氮杂环丁酮3位碳上的侧链不是一手性苄醇,而是一非手性的烯丙醇,且Z构型双键展示出远好于E构型双键的药效。这类化合物中药效最好的化合物,即(3R,4S)-4-(4-羟基苯基)-3-[3-(4-氟苯基)-4-羟基丁基-2(Z)-烯]-1-(4-氟苯基)-2-氮杂环丁酮的化学结构如下:
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000002
由于WO 2011/017907报道的制备这一类新氮杂环丁酮化合物的合成路线太长,且不能立体选择性地产生Z构型双键,有些步骤也不适用于工业化生产,因此有必要研发一条新的工艺路线。本发明提供一种制备这类氮杂环丁酮的新方法。该新工艺原料易得,合成步骤少,可立体选择地产生Z构型双键,操作简单,收率高,成本低,可用于工业化生产。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是提供了一种新颖的制备式(I)化合物的关键中间体(式III、式IV、式V化合物)及其制备方法:
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000003
在本发明的第一方面,提供了如式III、式IV和式V所示的可以用于制备式(I)化合物的新颖的中间体:
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000005
其中,R1为C1-C6烷基,优选甲基、乙基或异丙基,更优选甲基。
在本发明的另一方面中,提供了一种制备式III所代表的化合物的方法,所述方法包括:
用格氏试剂4-氟苯基卤化镁选择性地对式II所示的酮进行格氏加成,得到式III所示的叔醇:
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000006
其中,R1为C1-C6烷基,优选甲基、乙基或异丙基,更优选甲基;X为卤素,优选氯、溴或碘。
该反应的格氏试剂4-氟苯基卤化镁优选4-氟苯基溴化镁。
该反应中式II化合物与格氏试剂4-氟苯基卤化镁的摩尔比为1∶1.0~5.0,优选1∶1.1~3.0。
该反应温度控制在-78℃~-5℃,优选-50℃~-10℃。
在本发明的又一方面中,提供了一种制备式IV所代表的化合物的方法,所述方法包括:在脱水剂的作用下将式III所示的叔醇进行立体选择性脱水得到式IV所示的(Z)-a,β-不饱和酯:
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000007
其中,R1为C1-C6烷基,优选甲基、乙基或异丙基,更优选甲基。
该反应中,脱水剂选自浓硫酸、对甲苯磺酸、磷酸、三氟甲磺酸酐或甲磺酸,优选三氟甲磺酸酐。
该反应中,式III化合物与脱水剂的摩尔比为1∶1.0~3.0,优选1∶1.0~1.5。
该反应的溶剂选自二氯甲烷或甲苯,优选二氯甲烷。
在本发明的又一方面中,提供了一种制备式V所代表的化合物的方法,所述方法包括:在还原剂作用下选择性地将式IV所示的酯还原为式V所示的醇:
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000008
其中,R1为C1-C6烷基,优选甲基、乙基或异丙基,更优选甲基。
该反应的还原剂优选二异丁基氢化铝(DIBAH)。
该反应的溶剂选自二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲苯或二氧六环,优选甲苯。
该反应式IV化合物与还原剂的摩尔比为1∶2.5~5.0,优选1∶3.0~4.0。
本发明的目的之二是提供一种新颖的根据上述中间体制备式(I)化合物的方法,进而提供一种改进的、简单的、选择性好、高收率的制备式(I)化合物的方法。
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000009
即,制备化合物(3R,4S)-4-(4-羟基苯基)-3-[3-(4-氟苯基)-4-羟基丁基-2(Z)-烯]-1-(4-氟苯基)-2-氮杂环丁酮的方法。其中,所述式(I)化合物是能够降低血液胆固醇的新的氮杂环丁酮化合物。
该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)用4-氟苯基卤化镁选择性地对式II所示的酮进行格氏加成,得到式III所示的叔醇:
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000010
其中R1为C1-C6烷基,优选甲基、乙基或异丙基,更优选甲基;X为卤素,优选氯、溴或碘。
(2)在脱水剂的作用下将式III所示的叔醇进行立体选择性脱水得到式IV所示的(Z)-a,β水不饱和酯:
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000011
(3)在还原剂的作用下选择性地将式IV所示的酯还原为式V所示的醇:
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000012
(4)将式V化合物与羟基保护剂反应得到式VI所示的化合物:
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000013
其中R2是醇羟基保护基,如:乙酰基、取代或未取代的苯甲酰基(所述的“取代”包括卤素、烷基、硝基)等。
(5)使式VI所示的羧酸转变成混酐或酰卤,然后再与式VII所示的手性助剂(S)-4-苯基-2-噁唑烷酮反应,得到一种式VIII所示的噁唑烷酮衍生物:
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000014
其中,式VI所示的羧酸与酰化剂反应生成混酐;或式VI所示的羧酸与三卤化磷、五卤化磷、二氯亚砜(SOCl2)、草酰氯((COCl)2)或光气(COCl2)反应生成酰卤;X为氯或溴。
另外,步骤(4)和步骤(5)也可以合并,即由式V化合物一锅法制备式VIII化合物,步骤包括:首先在合适的溶剂中,对式V所示的醇羟基进行保护得到式VI所示的化合物,不经分离纯化,直接将式VI所示的羧酸进一步转化成混酐或酰卤,然后再与式VII所示的手性助剂(S)-4-苯基-2-噁唑烷酮反应,得到一种式VIII所示的噁唑烷酮衍生物:
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000015
其中,式VI所示的羧酸与酰化剂反应生成混酐;或式VI所示的羧酸与三卤化磷、五卤化磷二氯亚砜(SOCl2)、草酰氯((COCl)2)或光气(COCl2)反应生成酰氯卤;X为氯或溴。
(6)在路易斯酸四氯化钛(TiCl4)和四异丙氧基钛以及叔胺的存在下,使式VIII所示的噁唑烷酮衍生物与式IX所示的亚胺反应,得到一种式XI所示的加成物:
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000016
其中R2和R3均为羟基保护基,如:乙酰基、取代或未取代的苯甲酰基(所述的“取代”包括卤素、烷基、硝基)等,两者可以相同也可以不同。
(7)将式XI所示的加成物通过使用N,O-双(三甲硅基)乙酰胺(BSA)和四丁基氟化铵(TBAF)进行环化,得到式XII、XIII、XIV所示的β-内酰胺:
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000017
(8)将步骤(7)得到的式XII、XIII、XIV化合物的混合物在碱的作用下脱保护,得到式(I)化合物:
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000018
上述各反应步骤中,其中,R1为C1-C6烷基,优选甲基、乙基或异丙基,更优选甲基;R2和R3均为羟基保护基,如:乙酰基、取代或未取代的苯甲酰基(所述的“取代”包括卤素、烷基、硝基)等,两者可以相同也可以不同。
在步骤(1)中,式II化合物与格氏试剂4-氟苯基卤化镁的摩尔比为1∶1.0~5.0,优选1∶1.1~3.0;所述的格氏试剂4-氟苯基卤化镁优选为4-氟苯基溴化镁;反应温度控制在-78℃~-5℃,优选-50℃~-10℃。
在步骤(2)中,所述的脱水剂选自浓硫酸、对甲苯磺酸、磷酸、三氟甲磺酸酐或甲磺酸,优选三氟甲磺酸酐;式III化合物与脱水剂的摩尔比为1∶1.0~3.0,优选1∶1.0~1.5;反应溶剂选自二氯甲烷或甲苯,优选二氯甲烷。
在步骤(3)中,式IV化合物与还原剂的摩尔比为1∶2.5~5.0,优选1∶3.0~4.0;还原剂优选二异丁基氢化铝(DIBAH);反应溶剂选自二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲苯或二氧六环,优选甲苯。
在步骤(4)中,醇羟基保护基R2优选取代或未取代的苯甲酰基,更优选取代的苯甲酰基,其中所述的“取代”优选用硝基取代,更优选用硝基在3-位取代;该反应的溶剂选自N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)、二甲亚砜(DMSO)、1,3-二甲基丙撑脲(DMPU)或六甲基磷酰三胺(HMPA),优选N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA);化合物V与羟基保护剂的摩尔比为1∶1.0~3.0,优选1∶1.2~2.3。
在步骤(5)中,酰化剂(Acylating agent)选自特戊酰氯、3-硝基苯甲酰氯或氯甲酸异丁酯,优选特戊酰氯或3-硝基苯甲酰氯;式VI化合物与酰化剂的摩尔比为1∶1.0~2.0,优选1∶1.1~1.6;式VI化合物与式VII所示的手性助剂(S)-4-苯基-2-噁唑烷酮的摩尔比为1∶0.5~1.5,优选1∶0.8~1.1。
当步骤(4)和步骤(5)合并为一步,即,由式V化合物一锅法制备式VIII 化合物时,醇羟基保护基R2优选取代或未取代的苯甲酰基,更优选取代的苯甲酰基,其中所述的“取代”优选用硝基取代,更优选用硝基在3-位取代;溶剂选自N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)、二甲亚砜(DMSO)、1,3-二甲基丙撑脲(DMPU)或六甲基磷酰三胺(HMPA),优选N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA);化合物V与醇羟基保护剂的摩尔比为1∶1.0~3.0,优选1∶1.0~1.5;酰化剂选自特戊酰氯、3-硝基苯甲酰氯或氯甲酸异丁酯,优选特戊酰氯或3-硝基苯甲酰氯;化合物V与酰化剂的摩尔比为1∶1.0~2.0,优选1∶1.0~1.5;化合物V与手性助剂(S)-4-苯基-2-噁唑烷酮的摩尔比为1∶0.5~1.5,优选1∶0.7~1.1。
在步骤(6)中,酚羟基保护基R3优选取代或未取代的苯甲酰基,更优选取代的苯甲酰基,其中所述的“取代”优选用硝基取代,更优选用硝基在3-位取代,叔胺优选二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA);式VIII化合物与亚胺(式IX化合物)的摩尔比为1∶1.0~2.0,优选1∶1.0~1.2;其中反应温度控制在-90℃~0℃,优选-80℃~-20℃;其中后处理淬灭反应可选用醇、酸或用有机溶剂稀释的酸的混合液;其中所用的醇选自甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、叔丁醇,优选异丙醇;其中所用的酸选自无机酸和有机酸,包括盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、氢溴酸、甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、甲磺酸、三氟甲磺酸、苯甲酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、柠檬酸、马来酸或酒石酸,优选有机酸,包括甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、甲磺酸、三氟甲磺酸、苯甲酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、柠檬酸、马来酸或酒石酸,更优选乙酸或三氟乙酸。
在步骤(7)中,反应溶剂选自乙腈或甲苯,优选甲苯;式XI化合物与N,O-双(三甲硅基)乙酰胺(BSA)的摩尔比为1∶1.0~5.0,优选1∶2.0~4.0;式XI化合物与四丁基氟化铵三水合物(TBAF)的摩尔比为1∶0.1~0.5,优选1∶0.1~0.3。
在步骤(8)中,式XII、XIII、XIV化合物脱保护所用的溶剂优选丙酮,所用的碱优选氢氧化锂水溶液;所用的碱与步骤(7)中化合物XI摩尔比为3.0~5.0∶1。
在本发明的另一方面还涉及保护式III、式IV和式V的中间体。
本发明所使用的部分术语定义如下:
“卤素”是指氟、氯、溴和碘。
“烷基”当作一基团或一基团的一部分时是指直链或者带有支链的脂肪烃基团。最优先选择为C1-C6的烷基,除非另有指明。直链或带有支链的C1-C6烷基的实例包括,但不限于:甲基、乙基、正丙基、2-丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、己基等。
“室温”是指20~30℃。
本发明优选的反应条件列于下列方案中:
步骤(1)
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000019
步骤(2)
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000020
步骤(3)
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000021
步骤(4)
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000022
步骤(5)
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000023
步骤(6)
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000024
步骤(7)
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000025
步骤(8)
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000026
在上述反应方案中,Tf2O是三氟甲磺酸酐,DIBAH是二异丁基氢化铝,DMAP是4-二甲氨基吡啶,DIPEA是二异丙基乙胺,BSA是N,O-双(三甲硅基)乙酰胺,TBAF是四丁基氟化铵三水合物,其中R1为C1-C6烷基,优选甲基、乙基或异丙基,更优选甲基;R2和R3均为羟基保护基,如:乙酰基、取代或未取代的苯甲酰基(所述的“取代”包括卤素、烷基、硝基)等,两者可以相同也可以不同。
本发明的详细描述
下文将结合以上反应步骤(1)-(8)进一步详述本发明的制备方法。
在步骤(1)中,式II所示的酮羰基与格氏试剂加成生成式III所示的醇。反应过程如下:将式II化合物(1当量)加入无水溶剂(例如四氢呋喃或乙醚,优选四氢呋喃)中,降温,在-78℃~-5℃(优选-50℃~-10℃)加入1.0~5.0当量(优选1.1~3.0当量)的格氏试剂(例如4-氟苯基卤化镁,优选4-氟苯基溴化镁),然后保温搅拌反应1~2小时,然后用氯化铵水溶液终止反应。通过萃取分离并通过结晶纯化产物式III化合物。
其中,原料羧酸酮酯(式II化合物)可以通过文献方法(Tetrahedron Letters,1994,35,6089-6092)合成得到,即在乙腈溶剂中,环戊酮-2-羧酸酯在铜盐(如CuCl2·2H2O,CuSO4·5H2O,Cu(OAc)2·H2O或Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O)的催化作用下氧化开环得到式II的酮。反应式如下:
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000027
在步骤(2)中,式III所示的叔醇立体选择性脱水生成式IV所示的(Z)-a,β-不饱和酯。文献J.Org.Chem.2006,71,5039-5042报道了由a-芳基-a基 羟基酯在脱水剂(三氟甲磺酸酐)和碱(如吡啶或DMAP)的作用下,选择性脱水得到(Z)-a-芳基-a,β-不饱和酯。文献报道的反应时间较长(室温反应10~12小时),而且未见其报道ω-羧基-a-芳基-a-羟基酯是否适合该反应。本发明方法对现有技术文献中的反应进行了改进,以便能高效率、选择性制备(Z)-ω-羧基-a-芳基-a,β-不饱和酯,改进后反应时间短,选择性好,且无需碱(吡啶或DMAP)催化。将羧酸羟基酯(式III化合物,1当量)溶于一种非极性无水溶剂(例如二氯甲烷)中,在5℃~15℃加入1.0~3.0当量(优选1.0~1.5当量)脱水剂(优选三氟甲磺酸酐),加热回流反应1~2小时,然后用水终止反应。通过萃取分离产物式IV化合物。
在步骤(3)中,选择性还原式IV化合物中的酯基,而使羧基保留。将式IV化合物(1当量)溶于一种合适的溶剂(优选甲苯)中,室温加入碱(例如三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺)使羧基成盐,然后降温,在-30℃~-5℃温度缓慢滴加2.5~5.0当量(优选3.0~4.0当量)的还原剂(优选二异丁基氢化铝),搅拌反应20~60分钟。反应完毕后,在温度t<15℃下将反应液缓慢滴加到碱(例如氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂或氢氧化钠水溶液,优选氢氧化钠水溶液)中,搅拌,分层,水相先用适当的溶剂(例如二氯甲烷)萃取除去有机杂质,然后再用酸(例如盐酸)来酸化,接着用适当的溶剂(例如乙酸乙酯)萃取后,分离产物并通过结晶纯化得到(Z)-5-(4-氟苯基)-6-羟基-己-4-烯酸(式V化合物)。
在步骤(4)中,选择性保护式V化合物中的羟基,而使羧基保留。将式V化合物(1当量)溶于一种合适的无水溶剂(优选N,N-二甲基乙酰胺)中,在-5℃~40℃加入1.0~3.0当量(优选1.2~2.3当量)的羟基保护剂(优选硝基苯甲酰氯,更优选3-硝基苯甲酰氯)反应5~6小时。加入合适的碱(例如吡啶)水解所形成的混酐,然后加入碱(例如咪唑)使水解脱下的保护剂的羧酸成盐除去。通过萃取分离产物式VI化合物。
在步骤(5)中,式VI所示的化合物(1当量)溶于一种无水惰性溶剂(例如四氢呋喃或二氯甲烷,优选二氯甲烷)中,加入1.0~2.0当量(优选1.1~1.6当量)的酰化剂(例如特戊酰氯、氯甲酸异丁酯或3-硝基苯甲酰氯,优选特戊酰氯或3-硝基苯甲酰氯)、同时在碱(例如三乙胺)存在下,室温反应3~4小时转化成混酐。然后将0.5~1.5当量(优选0.8~1.1当量)式VII所示的手性助剂((S) -4-苯基-2-噁唑烷酮)加入所获得的混酐溶液中,同时加入0.1~0.3当量合适的催化剂(如4-二甲氨基吡啶),室温搅拌反应3~5小时,缩合生成式VIII的酰化的噁唑烷酮衍生物。通过萃取分离产物并通过结晶纯化。
另外,也可以将步骤(4)与步骤(5)合并,由式V化合物一锅法制备式VIII化合物。将式V化合物(1当量)溶于一种合适的无水溶剂(优选N,N-二甲基乙酰胺)中,在-5℃~40℃加入1.0~3.0当量(优选1.0~1.5当量)的羟基保护剂(优选硝基苯甲酰氯,更优选3-硝基苯甲酰氯),反应完毕后,将反应液加入到溶有1.0~2.0当量(优选1.0~1.5当量)的酰化剂(例如特戊酰氯、氯甲酸异丁酯或3-硝基苯甲酰氯,优选特戊酰氯或3-硝基苯甲酰氯,更优选3-硝基苯甲酰氯)和碱(例如三乙胺)的无水惰性溶剂(例如四氢呋喃或二氯甲烷,优选二氯甲烷)的溶液中,然后再加入0.5~1.5当量(优选0.7~1.1当量)手性助剂VII((S)-4-苯基-2-噁唑烷酮)以及0.1~0.5当量合适的催化剂(如4-二甲氨基吡啶),保温反应6~7小时,缩合生成式VIII的酰化的噁唑烷酮衍生物。通过萃取分离产物并通过结晶纯化。
在步骤(6)中,在合适的无水溶剂(如无水二氯甲烷),在干燥的惰性气流(如氮气)保护下,降温,在-5℃~0℃的温度加入路易斯酸TiCl4(1.1~1.5当量)和四异丙氧基钛(0.3~0.5当量),搅拌反应20~40分钟,制得钛试剂,留着待用。然后将式VIII所示的酰化噁唑烷酮衍生物(1当量),式IX所示的受保护的亚胺化合物(1.0~2.0当量,优选1.0~1.2当量)溶于无水溶剂(如无水二氯甲烷),加入叔胺(例如二异丙基乙胺),搅拌10分钟,降温,在-90℃~0℃(优选-80℃~-20℃)的温度缓慢滴加上述制得的钛试剂,继续保温反应,反应完毕后加入适量的酸(优选乙酸或三氟乙酸)淬灭反应。同时,加入稀硫酸除掉钛盐,然后通过萃取分离并通过结晶纯化得到式XI化合物。
在步骤(7)中,将式XI化合物(1当量)溶于适当的溶剂(例如甲苯)中,加入1.0~5.0当量(优选2.0~4.0当量)N,O-双(三甲硅基)乙酰胺(BSA),在50℃~70℃的温度反应2~3小时。然后加入0.1~0.5当量(优选0.1~0.3当量)四丁基氟化铵三水合物(TBAF),继续在该温度下反应2~5小时,环合生成式XII、XIII、XIV的化合物的混合物。
在步骤(8)中,将式XII、XIII、XIV化合物的混合物溶于适当的溶剂(优 选丙酮)中,室温加入3~5当量(以步骤7中化合物XI投料量为1当量进行计算)碱(优选氢氧化锂水溶液)水解羟基保护基,搅拌反应2~3小时,用弱酸(例如稀硫酸或稀盐酸)酸化,萃取,浓缩,柱层析分离得式I化合物,然后通过重结晶纯化。
本发明以式II所示的羧酸酮酯为原料,经过格氏加成,立体选择性脱水,酯基还原,羟基保护,与手性助剂缩合后再与亚胺加成,最后关环,脱保护得到式(I)化合物。本发明的优点概括如下:
a)与WO 2011/017907报道的制备方法相比,合成步骤明显减少,由原来14步反应减少为现有8步反应;同时多次采用重结晶分离代替原来的柱层析分离,简化了纯化操作,降低了成本。
b)在本方法的步骤2中,立体选择性得到Z式烯烃,使后面的多步反应以单一的异构体进行反应,简化了分离操作,同时降低了成本;
c)为了保护羟基(包括:醇羟基及酚羟基),使用了硝基取代的苯甲酰基型,优选用硝基在3-取代的苯甲酰基基团,一方面增强了关键中间体的结晶能力,可以在简单结晶操作中有效地纯化;另一方面有利于后面步骤在温和的环境中脱保护,同时避免了碱性条件下伴随的副反应(例如,β-内酰胺环的打开)的发生。
d)本发明的方法适合工业化大生产,且产率高。
总之,本发明工艺原料易得,合成步骤少,操作简单,收率高,立体选择性好,成本低,可用于工业化规模生产。
具体实施方式
下述实施例只是为了进一步说明本发明,但是这并不意味着对本发明的任何限制。
实施例1:原料亚胺IXa的制备
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000028
步骤一:向100L反应罐中加入12Kg 4-羟基苯甲醛和60L甲醇,搅拌溶解,室温下滴加12Kg 4-氟苯胺,滴加完毕后继续反应2~3小时。取样TLC检测,直至原料(4-羟基苯甲醛)斑点消失,反应所产生的固体经过滤,烘干,重19Kg(收率:90%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ6.88(d,2H,J=8.4Hz),7.18-7.27(m,4H),7.76(d,2H,J=8.4Hz),8.46(s,1H),10.11(s,1H)。
步骤二:向500L反应罐中加入步骤一所得的产物和200L二氯甲烷,搅拌溶解,室温下加入22Kg三乙胺、1.8Kg 4-二甲胺基吡啶(DMAP),再滴加溶有20Kg 3-硝基苯甲酰氯的二氯甲烷溶液50L,滴加完毕后继续反应2~3小时。取样TLC检测,直至原料(步骤一所得的产物)斑点消失。用2M盐酸调至pH=4~6,静置分层,收集有机相,水相再用二氯甲烷提取(30L×2次),合并有机相,用食盐水洗涤1次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压蒸干溶剂,粗品用无水乙醇重结晶,过滤,烘干,得19Kg亚胺IXa(收率:59%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ7.23(t,2H,J=8.8Hz),7.31-7.35(m,2H),7.49(d,2H,J=8.4Hz),7.90(t,1H,J=8.0Hz),8.03(d,2H,J=8.4Hz),8.52-8.58(m,2H),8.65(s,1H),8.78(s,1H)。
实施例2:5-(4-氟苯基)-5-羟基-6-甲氧基-6-氧代-己酸(IIIa)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000029
向3L反应瓶中加入100g(0.563mol)6-甲氧基-5,6-二氧代-己酸(化合物IIa)、300mL四氢呋喃,氮气保护,搅拌溶解,降温至-20~-10℃,缓慢滴 加1.4L(1.4mol)4-氟苯基溴化镁THF溶液(1M),滴加完后保温反应1~2小时。TLC检测,直至原料(化合物IIa)斑点消失。
在温度-20~0℃加入25%氯化铵水溶液(60g氯化铵溶于180mL水),搅拌5分钟,接着在温度0~30℃用4M盐酸调至pH=3~5,然后加入600mL正庚烷,搅拌5分钟,静置分层,收集有机相,水相再用乙酸乙酯萃取(140mL×2次),合并有机相,用饱和食盐水洗涤2次,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压蒸干溶剂,粗品用甲苯重结晶,过滤,烘干,得64.6g化合物IIIa(HPLC纯度:93.2%;收率:39.6%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6):1.33-1.43(m,2H),1.89-1.96(m,1H),1.99-2.04(m,1H),2.15(t,2H,J=7.6Hz),3.61(s,3H),5.99(s,1H),7.12-7.17(m,2H),7.47-7.51(m,2H),12.02(s,1H);MS(m/z):269[M-H]-
实施例3:(Z)-5-(4-氟苯基)-6-甲氧基-6-氧代-己-4-烯酸(IVa)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000030
向500mL反应瓶中加入64.0g(0.221mol)5-(4-氟苯基)-5-羟基-6-甲氧基-6-氧代-己酸(化合物IIIa)、300mL二氯甲烷,搅拌溶解,氮气保护,降温,在温度5~15℃加入65.6g(0.233mol)三氟甲磺酸酐,然后加热回流反应1~2小时,取样TLC检测,直至原料(化合物IIIa)斑点消失。
降温,在温度5~15℃加入100mL水中止反应,静置分层,收集有机相,水相再用二氯甲烷萃取(60mL×2次),合并有机相,用饱和食盐水洗涤3次,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压蒸干溶剂,得54.4g化合物IVa(HPLC纯度:95.6%;收率:93.4%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6):2.42(t,2H,J=7.3Hz),2.56(q,2H,J=7.3Hz),3.74(s,3H),6.27(t,1H,J=7.4Hz),7.18(t,2H,J=8.8Hz),7.32-7.36(m,2H),12.19(s,1H)。
实施例4:(Z)-5-(4-氟苯基)-6-羟基-己-4-烯酸(V)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000031
向1L反应瓶中加入54.0g(0.205mol)(Z)-5-(4-氟苯基)-6-甲氧基-6-氧代-己-4-烯酸(化合物IVa)、240mL甲苯,搅拌溶解,氮气保护,加入31.0g(0.240mol)二异丙基乙胺,搅拌溶解后,降温至-20~-15℃缓慢滴加382.0g(0.673mol)DIBAH甲苯溶液(25%),滴加完毕后保温反应20~40分钟,取样TLC检测,直至原料(化合物IVa)反应完全。
在温度15℃以下把反应液缓慢滴加到氢氧化钠水溶液(72.2g氢氧化钠溶于300mL水)中,接着搅拌30分钟;静置分层,收集水相,水相用二氯甲烷萃取(60mL×2次),弃二氯甲烷相,在温度25℃以下水相用4M盐酸调至pH=1~2,加入240mL乙酸乙酯,搅拌5分钟;静置分层,收集有机相,水相再用乙酸乙酯萃取(100mL×3次),合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗涤2次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压蒸干溶剂,粗品用甲苯重结晶,过滤,烘干,得36.4g化合物V(HPLC纯度:96.3%;收率:76.4%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6):2.38(t,2H,J=7.1Hz),2.47(q,2H,J=7.0Hz),4.34(s,2H),4.75(br s,1H),5.78(t,1H,J=7.2Hz),7.13(t,2H,J=8.9Hz),7.45-7.48(m,2H),12.13(br s,1H)。
实施例5:(Z)-5-(4-氟苯基)-6-(3-硝基苯甲酰氧基)己-4-烯酸(VIa)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000032
向250mL反应瓶中加入18.0g(0.077mol)(Z)-5-(4-氟苯基)-6-羟基-己-4-烯酸(化合物V)、60mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺,搅拌溶解,氮气保护,降温,在温度-5~5℃加入31.2g(0.168mol)3-硝基苯甲酰氯,接着在温度-5~5℃反应5~6小时,取样TLC检测,直至原料(化合物V)斑点 消失。
在温度0~10℃加入吡啶水溶液(13.0g吡啶溶于30mL水),搅拌30分钟,接着在温度0~10℃加入咪唑水溶液(22.5g咪唑溶于50mL水),搅拌1~2小时,然后加入120mL乙酸乙酯萃取,静置分层,收集有机相,水相再用乙酸乙酯萃取(20mL×3次),合并有机相,有机相用清水洗涤,用2M盐酸调至pH=3~5,用饱和食盐水洗涤1次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压蒸干溶剂,得24.0g化合物VIa(HPLC纯度:92.6%;收率:77.0%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6):2.45(t,2H,J=7.1Hz),2.59(q,2H,J=7.3Hz),5.36(s,2H),6.09(t,1H,J=7.4Hz),7.18(t,2H,J=8.8Hz),7.51-7.54(m,2H),7.80(t,1H,J=7.8Hz),8.23(d,1H,J=7.8Hz),8.46-8.48(m,2H),12.17(s,1H)。
实施例6:3-硝基苯甲酸[(Z)-2-(4-氟苯基)-6-氧代-6-[(4S)-2-氧代-4-苯基-噁唑烷酮-3-基]己-2-烯基]酯(VIIIa)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000033
向250mL反应瓶中加入24.0g(0.060mol)(Z)-5-(4-氟苯基)-6-(3-硝基苯甲酰氧基)己-4-烯酸(化合物VIa)、100mL二氯甲烷,搅拌溶解,氮气保护,加入8.9g(0.074mol)特戊酰氯,室温下,缓慢滴加15.6g(0.154mol)三乙胺,加完后室温反应3~4小时,然后加入7.8g(0.048mol)(S)-4-苯基-2-噁唑烷酮(化合物VII)和2.2g(0.018mol)4-二甲胺基吡啶,室温反应3~4小时,取样TLC检测,直至原料(化合物VIa)斑点消失。
用2M盐酸调至pH=4~6,静置分层,收集有机相,水相再用二氯甲烷萃取(30mL×2次),合并有机相,加入咪唑水溶液(11.1g咪唑溶于30mL水)搅 拌1~2小时,再用饱和食盐水洗涤1次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压蒸干溶剂,粗品用甲苯重结晶,过滤,烘干,得25.3g化合物VIIIa(HPLC纯度:95.1%;收率:78.0%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6):2.59(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),3.00-3.18(m,2H),4.15(dd,1H,J=8.8,3.6Hz),4.72(t,1H,J=8.7Hz),5.29(d,1H,J=13.2Hz),5.32(d,1H,J=13.2Hz),5.45(dd,1H,J=8.6,3.6Hz),6.05(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),7.17(t,2H,J=8.9Hz),7.26-7.36(m,5H),7.46-7.50(m,2H),7.76-7.80(m,1H),8.19-8.21(m,1H),8.45-8.47(m,2H)。
实施例7:式VIIIa化合物的制备
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000034
步骤一:向250mL反应瓶中加入18g(0.080mol)(Z)-5-(4-氟苯基)-6-羟基-己-4-烯酸(化合物V)、90mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺,搅拌溶解,氮气保护,在温度25℃~30℃加入17.8g(0.096mol)3-硝基苯甲酰氯,保温反应2小时,HPLC检测反应完全,反应液留着待用。
步骤二:向500mL反应瓶中加入180mL二氯甲烷,16.3g(0.088mol)3-硝基苯甲酰氯,氮气保护,在温度25℃~30℃下滴加32.4g(0.32mol)三乙胺,然后在25℃~30℃温度下滴加步骤一的反应液(1~2小时滴完),滴加完毕保温反应5分钟,再加入11.75g(0.072mol)(S)-4-苯基-2-噁唑烷酮和4.4g(0.036mol)4-二甲胺基吡啶,保温反应6~7小时,HPLC检测反应完全。
向反应液中加入90mL水,静置分层,收集有机相,水相再用二氯甲烷萃取(50mL×2次),合并有机相,有机相用2M盐酸调至pH=4~6,再用90mL水洗涤至中性,然后加入咪唑水溶液(27g咪唑溶于50mL水),搅拌30分钟,静置分层,收集有机相,用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压蒸干溶剂,粗品用乙酸乙酯/石油醚(2/3)混合溶剂重结晶,过滤,烘干得30g化合物VIIIa(HPLC纯度:97.5%;收率74.0%)。
实施例8:3-硝基苯甲酸[(Z,5R)-5-[(S)-(4-氟苯胺基)-[4-(3-硝基苯甲酰氧基)苯基]甲基]-2-(4-氟苯基)-6-氧代-6-[(4S)-2-氧代-4-苯基-噁唑烷酮-3-基]己-2-烯基]酯(XIa)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000035
向250mL反应瓶中加入80mL二氯甲烷、10.5g(0.055mol)四氯化钛,氮气保护,搅拌,降温,在温度-5~0℃滴加5.2g(0.018mol)四异丙氧基钛,接着在温度-5~0℃搅拌30分钟,得钛试剂。向1L反应瓶中加入25.0g(0.046mol)式VIIIa的化合物、18.3g(0.050mol)式IXa的亚胺、350mL二氯甲烷搅拌溶解,加入14.3g(0.111mol)二异丙基乙胺,搅拌,降温,在温度-25~-20℃缓慢滴加钛试剂,接着在温度-25~-20℃反应1~2小时,取样HPLC检测,直至原料(化合物VIIIa)含量<5%。
在温度-25~-20℃滴加30mL乙酸,接着搅拌5分钟;在温度10℃以下滴加150mL硫酸(2M),接着搅拌10分钟;静置分层,收集有机相,水相再用二氯甲烷萃取(25mL×2次),合并有机相,用饱和盐水洗涤3次,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压蒸干溶剂,粗品用甲苯重结晶,过滤,烘干,得21.4g化合物XIa(HPLC纯度:95.3%;收率:50.4%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6):2.38-2.45(m,1H),2.56-2.64(m,1H),4.11(dd,1H,J=8.8,4.7Hz),4.62-4.75(m,3H),5.15(s,2H),5.51(dd,1H,J=8.5,4.6Hz),5.98(t,1H,J=7.4Hz),6.34(d,1H,J=9.8Hz),6.58-6.62(m,2H),6.80(t,2H,J=8.9Hz),7.13-7.28(m,9H),7.45-7.48(m,2H),7.54(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.79(t,1H,J=7.9Hz),7.91(t,1H,J=8.0Hz),8.18(d,1H,J=7.8Hz),8.43-8.49(m,3H),8.57-8.60(m,1H),8.74(t,1H,J=1.8Hz);MS(m/z):883[M+H]+
实施例9:式XIa化合物的制备
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000036
向500mL反应瓶中加入150mL二氯甲烷、13.2g(0.069mol)四氯化钛,氮气保护,搅拌,降温,在温度-5~0℃滴加溶有6.6g(0.023mol)四异丙氧基钛的二氯甲烷溶液60mL,接着在温度-5~0℃搅拌30分钟,得钛试剂。向2L反应瓶中加入30g(0.058mol)式VIIIa化合物、23.2g(0.064mol)式IXa的亚胺和900mL二氯甲烷,氮气保护,搅拌溶解,加入19.5g二异丙基乙胺,降温,在-75~-70℃下缓慢滴加上述制得的钛试剂,约2小时滴加完毕,接着在温度-75~-70℃反应5分钟,取样TLC检测,直至原料(化合物VIIIa)斑点基本消失。
在温度-70℃以下快速加入135mL 20%三氟乙酸二氯甲烷溶液,搅拌1分钟;在温度-30℃以下快速滴加240mL硫酸水溶液(2M),搅拌升至室温;静置分层,收集有机相,水相用二氯甲烷萃取(100mL×2次),合并有机相,用饱和盐水洗涤至中性,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压蒸干溶剂,得粗品。粗品用乙酸乙酯/石油醚(1/1)混合溶剂重结晶,过滤,烘干,得35g化合物XIa(HPLC纯度:98.9%;收率:68.7%)。
实施例10:(3R,4S)-4-[4-(3-硝基苯甲酰氧基)苯基]-3-[3-(4-氟苯基)-4-(3-硝基苯甲酰氧基)丁-2(Z)-烯基]-1-(4-氟苯基)-2-氮杂环丁酮(XIIa)、(3R,4S)-4-(4-羟基苯基)-3-[3-(4-氟苯基)-4-(3-硝基苯甲酰氧基)丁-2(Z)-烯基]-1-(4-氟苯基)-2-氮杂环丁酮(XIIIa)、(3R,4S)-4-(4-三甲基硅氧基苯基)-3-[3-(4-氟苯基)-4-(3-硝基苯甲酰氧基)丁-2(Z)-烯基]-1-(4-氟苯基)-2-氮杂环丁酮(XIVa)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000037
向500mL反应瓶中加入21.0g(0.025mol)式XIa的化合物、200mL甲苯,搅拌,加热,在温度50~60℃加入18.4g(0.090mol)N,O-双(三甲硅基)乙酰胺(BSA),并在此温度下反应2小时;接着在温度50~60℃加入1.0g(0.003mol)四丁基氟化铵三水合物,并在此温度下反应2~3小时,取样HPLC检测,直至原料(化合物XIa)含量<1.0%。
降温至25℃以下滴加50mL冰水,搅拌10分钟,再加入180mL正庚烷,继续搅拌30分钟,析出固体,过滤,滤液静置分层,收集有机相,水相再用甲苯萃取(15mL×2次),合并有机相,真空浓缩至干,得一混合物。取少量该混合物进行分离,得三种产物,即化合物XIIa、XIIIa、XIVa。
化合物XIIa:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):2.91-3.08(m,2H),3.41(td,1H,J=8.5,2.1Hz),5.14(d,1H,J=2.0Hz),5.42(d,1H,J=13.1Hz),5.46(d,1H,J=13.1Hz),6.17(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),7.13-7.26(m,6H),7.35(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.48-7.53(m,4H),7.78(t,1H,J=8.0Hz),7.91(t,1H,J=8.0Hz),8.21(d,1H,J=7.8Hz),8.44-8.47(m,2H),8.51(d,1H,J=7.9Hz),8.56-8.59(m,1H),8.76(t,1H,J=1.7Hz);MS(m/z):720[M+H]+,742[M+Na]+
化合物XIIIa:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):2.85-2.98(m,2H),3.30(td,1H,J=8.5,2.2Hz),4.92(d,1H,J=2.2Hz),5.40(d,1H,J=13.1Hz),5.44(d,1H,J=13.1Hz),6.13(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),6.73(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.12(t,2H,J=8.8Hz),7.16-7.21(m,6H),7.47-7.50(m,2H),7.79(td,1H,J=7.7,0.9Hz),8.21(d,1H,J=7.8Hz),8.45-8.47(m,2H),9.52(s,1H);MS(m/z):571[M+H]+
化合物XIVa:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):0.28(s,9H),2.97-3.01(m,2H),3.30(td,1H,J=7.9,2.2Hz),4.72(d,1H,J=2.1Hz),5.37(s,2H),6.07(t,1H,J=7.6Hz),6.83(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),6.94(t,2H,J=8.6Hz),7.03(t,2H,J=8.6Hz),7.20(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.24-7.28(m,2H),7.35-7.38(m,2H),7.61(t,1H,J=8.0Hz),8.23(d,1H,J=7.8Hz),8.38-8.41(m,1H),8.75(t,1H,J=1.7Hz);MS(m/z):643[M+H]+
实施例11:(3R,4S)-4-(4-羟基苯基)-3-[3-(4-氟苯基)-4-羟基丁基-2(Z)-烯]-1-(4-氟苯基)-2-氮杂环丁酮(I)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000038
向250mL反应瓶中加入实施例10所得的式XIIa、XIIIa、XIVa化合物的混合物、90mL丙酮,搅拌溶解,室温下加入23mL(0.069mol)氢氧化锂水溶液(3M),搅拌反应2~3小时。取样TLC检测,直至原料(化合物XIIa、XIIIa、XIVa)斑点消失。
室温用2M盐酸调至pH=4~6,接着真空浓缩(温度30~40℃)至小体积,加入100mL乙酸乙酯,搅拌5分钟,静置分层,收集有机相,水相再用乙酸乙酯萃取(20mL×2次),合并有机相,加入碳酸氢钠水溶液(3.8g碳酸氢钠溶于40mL水),搅拌30分钟,静置分层,有机相用2M盐酸调至pH=6左右,静置分层,有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤1次,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩至干,柱层析分离,然后用乙酸乙酯和正庚烷的混合溶剂结晶两次,过滤,烘干, 得4.3g化合物I(HPLC纯度:99.2%;收率:44.7%(根据实施例10中化合物XIa的投料量计算))。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ2.71-2.84(m,2H),3.23(td,1H,J=6.4,2.0Hz),4.40(d,2H,J=5.3Hz),4.87(t,1H,J=5.3Hz),4.94(d,1H,J=2.1Hz),5.80(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),6.74(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.11-7.17(m,4H),7.20-7.25(m,4H),7.39-7.43(m,2H),9.50(s,1H);MS(m/z):422[M+H]+
实施例12:5-(4-氟苯基)-5-羟基-6-甲氧基-6-氧代-己酸(IIIa)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000039
向2000L反应罐中加入60Kg(337.9mol)6-甲氧基-5,6-二氧代-己酸(化合物IIa)、180L四氢呋喃,氮气保护,搅拌溶解,降温至-20~-10℃缓慢滴加800L(800mol)4-氟苯基溴化镁THF溶液(1M),滴完后保温反应1~2小时。TLC检测,直至原料(化合物IIa)斑点消失。
在温度-20~0℃加入25%氯化铵水溶液(30Kg氯化铵溶于90L水),搅拌5分钟,接着在温度0~30℃用4M盐酸调至pH=3~5,然后加入400L正庚烷,搅拌5分钟,静置分层,收集有机相,水相再用乙酸乙酯提取(80L×2次),合并有机相,用饱和食盐水洗涤2次,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压蒸干溶剂,粗品用甲苯重结晶,过滤,烘干,得45.6Kg化合物IIIa(HPLC纯度:70.8%;收率:35.4%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6):1.33-1.43(m,2H),1.89-1.96(m,1H),1.99-2.04(m,1H),2.15(t,2H,J=7.6Hz),3.61(s,3H),5.99(s,1H),7.12-7.17(m,2H),7.47-7.51(m,2H),12.02(s,1H);MS(m/z):269[M-H]-
实施例13:(Z)-5-(4-氟苯基)-6-甲氧基-6-氧代-己-4-烯酸(IVa)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000040
向300L反应罐中加入40.0Kg(104.9mol)5-(4-氟苯基)-5-羟基-6-甲氧基-6-氧代-己酸(化合物IIIa)、200L二氯甲烷,搅拌溶解,氮气保护,降温,在温度5~15℃加入31.2Kg(110.6mol)三氟甲磺酸酐,然后加热回流反应1~2小时,取样TLC检测,直至原料(化合物IIIa)斑点消失。
降温,在温度5~15℃加入50L水中止反应,搅拌5分钟,静置分层,收集有机相,水相再用二氯甲烷提取(40L×2次),合并有机相,用饱和食盐水洗涤3次,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压蒸干溶剂,得25.2Kg化合物IVa(HPLC纯度:86.3%;收率:82.3%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6):2.42(t,2H,J=7.3Hz),2.56(q,2H,J=7.3Hz),3.74(s,3H),6.27(t,1H,J=7.4Hz),7.18(t,2H,J=8.8Hz),7.32-7.36(m,2H),12.19(s,1H)。
实施例14:(Z)-5-(4-氟苯基)-6-羟基-己-4-烯酸(V)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000041
向500L反应罐中加入25.0Kg(85.6mol)(Z)-5-(4-氟苯基)-6-甲氧基-6-氧代-己-4-烯酸(化合物IVa)、100L甲苯,搅拌溶解,氮气保护,加入13.0Kg(100.8mol)二异丙基乙胺,搅拌5分钟。降温至-20~-15℃缓慢滴加159.7Kg(281.2mol)DIBAH甲苯溶液(25%),滴加完毕后保温反应20~40分钟,取样TLC检测,直至原料(化合物IVa)反应完全。
在温度15℃以下把反应液缓慢滴加到氢氧化钠水溶液(30.2Kg氢氧化钠溶于140L水)中,接着搅拌30分钟;静置分层,收集水相,水相用50L二氯甲烷萃取,弃二氯甲烷相,在温度25℃以下水相用6M盐酸调至pH=1~2,加入100L乙酸乙酯,搅拌5分钟;静置分层,收集有机相,水相再用乙酸乙酯萃取 (40L×3次),合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗涤2次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压蒸干溶剂,粗品用甲苯重结晶,过滤,烘干,得15.0Kg化合物V(HPLC纯度:92.1%;收率:72.0%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6):2.38(t,2H,J=7.1Hz),2.47(q,2H,J=7.0Hz),4.34(s,2H),4.75(br s,1H),5.78(t,1H,J=7.2Hz),7.13(t,2H,J=8.9Hz),7.45-7.48(m,2H),12.13(br s,1H)。
实施例15:(Z)-5-(4-氟苯基)-6-(3-硝基苯甲酰氧基)己-4-烯酸(VIa)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000042
向300L反应罐中加入15.0Kg(61.7mol)(Z)-5-(4-氟苯基)-6-羟基-己-4-烯酸(化合物V)、50L N,N-二甲基乙酰胺,搅拌溶解,氮气保护,降温至-5~5℃加入24.9Kg(134.2mol)3-硝基苯甲酰氯,保温反应5~6小时,取样TLC检测,直至原料(化合物V)斑点消失。
在温度0~10℃加入吡啶水溶液(10.4Kg吡啶溶于30L水),搅拌30分钟,接着在温度0~10℃加入咪唑水溶液(18.0Kg咪唑溶于50L水),搅拌1~2小时,然后加入100L乙酸乙酯搅拌5分钟,静置分层,收集有机相,水相再用乙酸乙酯萃取(20L×3次),合并有机相,有机相用清水洗涤,用2M盐酸调至pH=3~5,用饱和食盐水洗涤1次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压蒸干溶剂,得20.2Kg化合物VIa(HPLC纯度:85.6%;收率:75.2%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6):2.45(t,2H,J=7.1Hz),2.59(q,2H,J=7.3Hz),5.36(s,2H),6.09(t,1H,J=7.4Hz),7.18(t,2H,J=8.8Hz),7.51-7.54(m,2H),7.80(t,1H,J=7.8Hz),8.23(d,1H,J=7.8Hz),8.46-8.48(m,2H),12.17(s,1H)。
实施例16:3-硝基苯甲酸[(Z)-2-(4-氟苯基)-6-氧代-6-[(4S)-2-氧代-4-苯基-噁唑烷酮-3-基]己-2-烯基]酯(VIIIa)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000043
向300L反应罐中加入20.0Kg(45.9mol)(Z)-5-(4-氟苯基)-6-(3-硝基苯甲酰氧基)己-4-烯酸(化合物VIa)、100L二氯甲烷,搅拌溶解,氮气保护,加入6.8Kg(56.4mol)特戊酰氯,室温下,缓慢滴加12.0Kg(118.8mol)三乙胺,加完后室温反应3~4小时,然后加入6.0Kg(36.8mol)(S)-4-苯基-2-噁唑烷酮(化合物VII)和1.7Kg(13.9mol)4-二甲胺基吡啶,室温反应4~5小时,取样TLC检测,直至原料(化合物VIa)斑点消失。
用2M盐酸调至pH=4~6,静置分层,收集有机相,水相再用二氯甲烷提取(25L×2次),合并有机相,加入咪唑水溶液(8.6Kg咪唑溶于30L水)搅拌2~3小时,再用饱和食盐水洗涤1次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压蒸干溶剂,粗品用甲苯重结晶,过滤,烘干,得15.2Kg化合物VIIIa(HPLC纯度:91.7%;收率:58.6%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6):2.59(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),3.00-3.18(m,2H),4.15(dd,1H,J=8.8,3.6Hz),4.72(t,1H,J=8.7Hz),5.29(d,1H,J=13.2Hz),5.32(d,1H,J=13.2Hz),5.45(dd,1H,J=8.6,3.6Hz),6.05(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),7.17(t,2H,J=8.9Hz),7.26-7.36(m,5H),7.46-7.50(m,2H),7.76-7.80(m,1H),8.19-8.21(m,1H),8.45-8.47(m,2H)。
实施例17:3-硝基苯甲酸[(Z,5R)-5-[(S)-(4-氟苯胺基)-[4-(3-硝基苯甲酰氧基)苯基]甲基]-2-(4-氟苯基)-6-氧代-6-[(4S)-2-氧代-4-苯基-噁唑烷酮-3-基]己-2-烯基]酯(XIa)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000044
向100L反应罐中加入60L二氯甲烷、6.0Kg(31.6mol)四氯化钛,氮气保护,搅拌,降温,在温度-5~0℃加3.0Kg(10.6mol)四异丙氧基钛,接着在温度-5~0℃搅拌30分钟,得钛试剂。向500L反应罐中加入15.0Kg(26.6mol)式VIIIa的化合物、10.6Kg(29.1mol)式IXa的亚胺、220L二氯甲烷搅拌溶解,加入8.3Kg(64.3mol)二异丙基乙胺,搅拌10分钟,降温,在温度-25~-20℃缓慢滴加钛试剂,滴加完毕和继续保温反应1~2小时,取样HPLC检测,直至原料(化合物VIIIa)含量<5%。
在温度-25~-20℃滴加18L乙酸,接着搅拌5分钟;在温度10℃以下滴加90L硫酸(2M),接着搅拌10分钟;静置分层,收集有机相,水相再用30L二氯甲烷萃取,合并有机相,用饱和盐水洗涤3次,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压蒸干溶剂,粗品用甲苯重结晶,过滤,烘干,得12.3Kg化合物XIa(HPLC纯度:92.1%;收率:48.4%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6):2.38-2.45(m,1H),2.56-2.64(m,1H),4.11(dd,1H,J=8.8,4.7Hz),4.62-4.75(m,3H),5.15(s,2H),5.51(dd,1H,J=8.5,4.6Hz),5.98(t,1H,J=7.4Hz),6.34(d,1H,J=9.8Hz),6.58-6.62(m,2H),6.80(t,2H,J=8.9Hz),7.13-7.28(m,9H),7.45-7.48(m,2H),7.54(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.79(t,1H,J=7.9Hz),7.91(t,1H,J=8.0Hz),8.18(d,1H,J=7.8Hz),8.43-8.49(m,3H),8.57-8.60(m,1H),8.74(t,1H,J=1.8Hz);MS(m/z):883[M+H]+
实施例18:(3R,4S)-4-[4-(3-硝基苯甲酰氧基)苯基]-3-[3-(4-氟苯基)-4-(3-硝基苯甲酰氧基)丁-2(Z)-烯基]-1-(4-氟苯基)-2-氮杂环丁酮(XIIa)、(3R,4S)-4-(4-羟基苯基)-3-[3-(4-氟苯基)-4-(3-硝基苯甲酰氧基)丁-2(Z)-烯基]-1-(4-氟苯基)-2-氮杂环丁酮(XIIIa)、(3R,4S)-4-(4-三甲基硅氧基苯基)-3-[3-(4-氟苯基)-4-(3-硝基苯甲酰氧基)丁-2(Z)-烯基]-1-(4-氟苯 基)-2-氮杂环丁酮(XIVa)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000045
向300L反应罐中加入12.0Kg(12.5mol)式XIa的化合物、120L甲苯,搅拌,加热,在温度50~60℃加入10.2Kg(50.0mol)N,O-双(三甲硅基)乙酰胺(BSA),并在此温度下反应2~3小时;接着加入0.6Kg(1.9mol)四丁基氟化铵三水合物,继续保温反应2~3小时,取样HPLC检测,直至原料(化合物XIa)含量<1.0%。
降温,在温度25℃以下滴加30L冰水,搅拌10分钟,再加入100L正庚烷,继续搅拌30分钟,析出固体,过滤,滤液静置分层,收集有机相,水相再用甲苯萃取(10L×2次),合并有机相,真空浓缩至干,得一混合物。取少量该混合物进行分离,得三种产物,即化合物XIIa、XIIIa、XIVa。
化合物XIIa:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):2.91-3.08(m,2H),3.41(td,1H,J=8.5,2.1Hz),5.14(d,1H,J=2.0Hz),5.42(d,1H,J=13.1Hz),5.46(d,1H,J=13.1Hz),6.17(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),7.13-7.26(m,6H),7.35(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.48-7.53(m,4H),7.78(t,1H,J=8.0Hz),7.91(t,1H,J=8.0Hz),8.21(d,1H,J=7.8Hz),8.44-8.47(m,2H),8.51(d,1H,J=7.9Hz),8.56-8.59(m,1H),8.76(t,1 H,J=1.7Hz);MS(m/z):720[M+H]+,742[M+Na]+
化合物XIIIa:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):2.85-2.98(m,2H),3.30(td,1H,J=8.5,2.2Hz),4.92(d,1H,J=2.2Hz),5.40(d,1H,J=13.1Hz),5.44(d,1H,J=13.1Hz),6.13(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),6.73(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.12(t,2H,J=8.8Hz),7.16-7.21(m,6H),7.47-7.50(m,2H),7.79(td,1H,J=7.7,0.9Hz),8.21(d,1H,J=7.8Hz),8.45-8.47(m,2H),9.52(s,1H);MS(m/z):571[M+H]+
化合物XIVa:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):0.28(s,9H),2.97-3.01(m,2H),3.30(td,1H,J=7.9,2.2Hz),4.72(d,1H,J=2.1Hz),5.37(s,2H),6.07(t,1H,J=7.6Hz),6.83(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),6.94(t,2H,J=8.6Hz),7.03(t,2H,J=8.6Hz),7.20(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.24-7.28(m,2H),7.35-7.38(m,2H),7.61(t,1H,J=8.0Hz),8.23(d,1H,J=7.8Hz),8.38-8.41(m,1H),8.75(t,1H,J=1.7Hz);MS(m/z):643[M+H]+
实施例19:(3R,4S)-4-(4-羟基苯基)-3-[3-(4-氟苯基)-4-羟基丁基-2(Z)-烯]-1-(4-氟苯基)-2-氮杂环丁酮(I)的制备
Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-000046
向100L反应罐中加入实施例18所得的式XIIa、XIIIa、XIVa化合物的混合物、50L丙酮,搅拌溶解,室温下加入13L(39.0mol)氢氧化锂水溶液(3M),搅拌反应0.5~1小时。取样TLC检测,直至原料(化合物XIIa、XIIIa、XIVa)斑点消失。
室温用2M盐酸调至pH=4~6,接着真空浓缩(温度30~40℃)至小体积,加入60L乙酸乙酯,搅拌5分钟,静置分层,收集有机相,水相再用乙酸乙酯萃取(10L×2次),合并有机相,加入碳酸氢钠水溶液(2.0Kg碳酸氢钠溶于20L水),搅拌30分钟,静置分层,有机相用2M盐酸调至pH=6左右,静置分层,有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤1次,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩至干, 柱层析分离,然后用乙酸乙酯和正庚烷的混合溶剂结晶两次,过滤,烘干,得2.1Kg化合物I(HPLC纯度:98.9%;收率:39.4%(根据实施例18中化合物XIa的投料量计算))。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ2.71-2.84(m,2H),3.23(td,1H,J=6.4,2.0Hz),4.40(d,2H,J=5.3Hz),4.87(t,1H,J=5.3Hz),4.94(d,1H,J=2.1Hz),5.80(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),6.74(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.11-7.17(m,4H),7.20-7.25(m,4H),7.39-7.43(m,2H),9.50(s,1H);MS(m/z):422[M+H]+

Claims (35)

  1. 一种式V化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-100001
  2. 一种制备式V所代表的化合物的方法,所述方法包括:在还原剂的作用下选择性地将式IV所示的酯还原为式V所示的醇:
    Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-100002
    其中,R1为C1-C6烷基;优选甲基、乙基或异丙基。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,反应溶剂选自二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲苯或二氧六环,优选甲苯。
  4. 如权利要求2-3任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的还原剂为二异丁基氢化铝(DIBAH)。
  5. 如权利要求2-4任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,式IV化合物与还原剂的摩尔比为1∶2.5~5.0,优选1∶3.0~4.0。
  6. 一种式IV化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-100003
    其中,R1为C1-C6烷基;优选甲基、乙基或异丙基。
  7. 一种制备式IV所代表的化合物的方法,所述方法包括:在脱水剂的作用下,将式III所示的叔醇进行立体选择性脱水得到式IV所示的(Z)-a,β 不饱和酯:
    Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-100004
    其中,R1为C1-C6烷基;优选甲基、乙基或异丙基。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的脱水剂选自浓硫酸、对甲苯磺酸、磷酸、三氟甲磺酸酐或甲磺酸,优选三氟甲磺酸酐。
  9. 如权利要求7-8任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,式III化合物与脱水剂的摩尔比为1∶1.0~3.0,优选1∶1.0~1.5。
  10. 如权利要求7-9任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,反应溶剂选自二氯甲烷或甲苯,优选二氯甲烷。
  11. 一种式III化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-100005
    其中,R1为C1-C6烷基;优选甲基、乙基或异丙基。
  12. 一种制备式III所代表的化合物的方法,所述方法包括:用格氏试剂4-氟苯基卤化镁选择性地对式II所示的酮进行格氏加成,得到式III所示的叔醇:
    Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-100006
    其中,R1为C1-C6烷基;优选甲基、乙基或异丙基;X为氯、溴或碘。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的方法,其中,所述的格氏试剂4-氟苯基卤化镁为4-氟苯基溴化镁。
  14. 如权利要求12-13任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,式II化合物与格 氏试剂4-氟苯基卤化镁的摩尔比为1∶1.0~5.0,优选1∶1.1~3.0。
  15. 如权利要求12-14任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,反应温度控制在-78℃~-5℃,优选-50℃~-10℃。
  16. 一种制备式(I)所代表的化合物的方法,
    Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-100007
    其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    (a)将式V化合物与羟基保护剂反应得到式VI所示的化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-100008
    其中R2是醇羟基保护基;
    (b)使式VI所示的羧酸转变成混酐或酰卤,然后再与式VII所示的手性助剂(S)-4-苯基-2-噁唑烷酮反应,得到式VIII所示的噁唑烷酮衍生物:
    Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-100009
    其中,式VI所示的羧酸与酰化剂反应生成混酐或式VI所示的羧酸与三卤化磷、五卤化磷、二氯亚砜(SOCl2)、草酰氯((COCl)2)或光气(COCl2)反应生成酰卤;X为氯或溴;
    或者,上述步骤(a)和步骤(b)可以在一步中进行,由式V化合物一锅法制备得到式VIII化合物,具体步骤为:
    (ab)将式V化合物与羟基保护剂反应得到式VI所示的化合物,不经分离纯化,直接将式VI所示的羧酸进一步转化成混酐或酰卤,再与式VII所示的手性助剂(S)-4-苯基-2-噁唑烷酮反应,得到式VIII所示的噁唑烷酮衍生物,反应式如下:
    Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-100010
    其中,R2是醇羟基保护基;以及
    其中,式VI所示的羧酸与酰化剂反应生成混酐;或式VI所示的羧酸与三卤化磷、五卤化磷、二氯亚砜(SOCl2)、草酰氯((COCl)2)或光气(COCl2)反应生成酰卤;X为氯或溴;
    (c)在路易斯酸四氯化钛(TiCl4)和四异丙氧基钛以及叔胺的存在下,使式VIII所示的噁唑烷酮衍生物与式IX所示的亚胺反应,得到式XI所示的加成物:
    Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-100011
    其中R2和R3均为羟基保护基,两者可以相同也可以不同;
    (d)将式XI所示的加成物通过使用N,O-双(三甲硅基)乙酰胺(BSA)和四丁基氟化铵(TBAF)进行环化,得到式XII、XIII、XIV所示的β-内酰胺:
    Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-100012
    (e)将步骤(d)得到的式XII、XIII、XIV化合物的混合物脱保护,得到式(I)化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-100013
  17. 如权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(a)或(ab)之前还包括如下步骤:
    (a”’)在还原剂的作用下选择性地将式IV所示的酯还原为式V所示的醇:
    Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-100014
    其中,R1为C1-C6烷基,优选甲基、乙基或异丙基。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(a”’)之前还包括如下步骤:
    (a”)在脱水剂的作用下将式III所示的叔醇进行立体选择性脱水得到式IV所示的(Z)-a,β-不饱和酯:
    Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-100015
    其中,R1为C1-C6烷基,优选甲基、乙基或异丙基。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(a”)之前还包括如下步骤:
    (a’)用4-氟苯基卤化镁选择性地对式II所示的酮进行格氏加成,得到式III所示的叔醇:
    Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-100016
    其中R1为C1-C6烷基,优选甲基、乙基或异丙基;X为卤素,优选氯、溴或碘。
  20. 如权利要求16-19任一项所述的方法,其中,在步骤(a)或(ab)中,醇羟基保护基R2选自以下基团:乙酰基、取代或未取代的苯甲酰基,优选取代的苯甲酰基;其中,所述的取代是指被卤素、烷基或硝基所取代,优选为硝基取代,更优选为硝基在3-位取代。
  21. 如权利要求20所述的方法,其中,在步骤(a)中,化合物V与羟基保护剂的摩尔比为1∶1.0~3.0,优选1∶1.2~2.3。
  22. 如权利要求20所述的方法,其中,在步骤(ab)中,化合物V与羟基保护剂的摩尔比为1∶1.0~3.0,优选1∶1.0~1.5。
  23. 如权利要求21或22所述的方法,其中,步骤(a)的反应溶剂或者步骤(ab)中由式V化合物合成式VI化合物的反应溶剂选自N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)、二甲亚砜(DMSO)、1,3-二甲基丙撑脲(DMPU)或六甲基磷酰三胺(HMPA),优选N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)。
  24. 如权利要求16-19任一项所述的方法,其中,在步骤(b)或步骤(ab)中,形成混酐所用的酰化剂选自特戊酰氯、3-硝基苯甲酰氯或氯甲酸异丁酯,优选特戊酰氯或3-硝基苯甲酰氯。
  25. 如权利要求24所述的方法,其中,在步骤(b)中,式VI化合物与酰化剂的摩尔比为1∶1.0~2.0,优选1∶1.1~1.6;式VI化合物与手性助剂(S)-4-苯基-2-噁唑烷酮的摩尔比为1∶0.5~1.5,优选1∶0.8~1.1。
  26. 如权利要求24所述的方法,其中,在步骤(ab)中,式V化合物与酰化剂的摩尔比为1∶1.0~2.0,优选1∶1.0~1.5;式V化合物与手性助剂(S)-4-苯基-2-噁唑烷酮的摩尔比为1∶0.5~1.5,优选1∶0.7~1.1。
  27. 如权利要求16-19任一项所述的方法,其中,在步骤(c)中,
    R2如权利要求20所定义;
    R3选自以下基团:乙酰基、取代或未取代的苯甲酰基,优选为取代的苯甲酰基;其中,所述的取代是指被卤素、烷基或硝基所取代,优选为硝基取代,更优选为硝基在3-位取代;以及
    所述的叔胺为二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA);
    所述式VIII化合物与式IX所示的亚胺的摩尔比为1∶1.0~2.0,优选1∶1.0~1.2;其中反应温度控制在-90℃~0℃,优选-80℃~-20℃。
  28. 如权利要求27所述的方法,其中,在步骤(c)反应结束后,进行后处理淬灭反应,后处理淬灭反应可选用醇、酸或用有机溶剂稀释的酸的混合液;其中所用的醇选自甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、叔丁醇,优选异丙醇;其中所用的 酸选自无机酸和有机酸,包括盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、氢溴酸、甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、甲磺酸、三氟甲磺酸、苯甲酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、柠檬酸、马来酸或酒石酸,优选有机酸,包括甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、甲磺酸、三氟甲磺酸、苯甲酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、柠檬酸、马来酸或酒石酸,更优选乙酸或三氟乙酸。
  29. 如权利要求16-19任一项所述的方法,其中,步骤(d)的反应溶剂选自乙腈或甲苯,优选甲苯;式XI化合物与N,O-双(三甲硅基)乙酰胺(BSA)的摩尔比为1∶1.0~5.0,优选1∶2.0~4.0;式XI化合物与四丁基氟化铵三水合物(TBAF)的摩尔比为1∶0.1~0.5,优选1∶0.1~~0.3。
  30. 如权利要求16-19任一项所述的方法,其中,在步骤(e)中,式XII、XIII、XIV化合物的混合物脱保护所用的溶剂选自四氢呋喃或丙酮,优选丙酮;所用的碱选自氢氧化锂水溶液、氢氧化钠水溶液或氢氧化钾水溶液,优选氢氧化锂水溶液;所用的碱与步骤(d)中式XI化合物摩尔比为3.0~5.0∶1。
  31. 如权利要求17所述的方法,其中,步骤(a”’)中,式IV化合物与还原剂的摩尔比为1∶2.5~5.0,优选1∶3.0~4.0;所述还原剂为二异丁基氢化铝(DIBAH);反应溶剂选自二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲苯或二氧六环,优选甲苯。
  32. 如权利要求18所述的方法,其中,步骤(a”)中,式III化合物与脱水剂的摩尔比为1∶1.0~3.0,优选1∶1.0~1.5;脱水剂选自浓硫酸、对甲苯磺酸、磷酸、三氟甲磺酸酐或甲磺酸,优选三氟甲磺酸酐;反应溶剂选自二氯甲烷或甲苯,优选二氯甲烷。
  33. 如权利要求19所述的方法,其中,步骤(a’)中,式II化合物与格氏试剂4-氟苯基卤化镁的摩尔比为1∶1.0~5.0,优选1∶1.1~3.0;所述的格氏试剂4-氟苯基卤化镁为4-氟苯基溴化镁;反应温度控制在-78℃~-5℃,优选-50℃~-10℃。
  34. 一种制备式(I)所代表的化合物的方法,
    Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-100017
    其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    (1)在四氢呋喃溶剂中,格氏试剂4-氟苯基溴化镁选择性地对式II所示的酮进行格氏加成,得到式III所示的叔醇:
    Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-100018
    (2)在二氯甲烷溶剂中,式III所示的叔醇在脱水剂三氟甲磺酸酐的作用下立体选择性脱水得到式IV所示的(Z)-a,β-不饱和酯:
    Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-100019
    (3)在甲苯溶剂中,式IV所示的羧基与二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)成盐,然后将式IV所示的酯基在还原剂二异丁基氢化铝(DIBAH)作用下选择性地还原为式V所示的醇:
    Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-100020
    (4)在N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶剂中,式V所示的化合物与羟基保护剂(R2Cl)反应得到式VI所示的化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-100021
    其中,羟基保护基R2优选3-硝基苯甲酰基;
    (5)使式VI所示的羧酸与酰化剂反应生成混酐,然后再在4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)的催化作用下式VII所示的手性助剂(S)-4-苯基-2-噁唑烷酮与形成的混酐反应,得到一种式VIII所示的噁唑烷酮衍生物:
    Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-100022
    其中,酰化剂优选特戊酰氯或3-硝基苯甲酰氯;
    (6)在路易斯酸四氯化钛(TiCl4)和四异丙氧基钛以及叔胺二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)的存在下,式VIII所示的噁唑烷酮衍生物与式IX所示的亚胺反应,得到一种式XI所示的加成物:
    Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-100023
    其中,羟基保护基R2、R3优选3-硝基苯甲酰基;
    (7)在甲苯溶剂中,将式XI所示的化合物通过使用N,O-双(三甲硅基)乙酰胺(BSA)和四丁基氟化铵(TBAF)进行环化,得到式XII、XIII、XIV所示的β-内酰胺:
    Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-100024
    (8)在丙酮溶剂中,将步骤7)得到的式XII、XIII、XIV化合物的混合物在氢氧化锂水溶液的作用下脱保护,得到式I化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-100025
  35. 权利要求1的式V化合物、权利要求6的式IV化合物和权利要求11的式III化合物中的任一项在制备式I化合物中的用途
    Figure PCTCN2015080893-appb-100026
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