WO2015178169A1 - 制御装置、制御方法、およびプログラム - Google Patents
制御装置、制御方法、およびプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015178169A1 WO2015178169A1 PCT/JP2015/062698 JP2015062698W WO2015178169A1 WO 2015178169 A1 WO2015178169 A1 WO 2015178169A1 JP 2015062698 W JP2015062698 W JP 2015062698W WO 2015178169 A1 WO2015178169 A1 WO 2015178169A1
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- power
- control
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- power consumption
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00004—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by the power network being locally controlled
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
- H02J13/00028—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment involving the use of Internet protocols
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
- H02J2310/12—The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
- Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
- Y04S40/20—Information technology specific aspects, e.g. CAD, simulation, modelling, system security
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a control device, a control method, and a program, and more particularly, to a control device, a control method, and a program for controlling operation of a power control target.
- Patent Document 1 An example of a control device that controls the operation of a storage battery or a regenerator is described in Patent Document 1.
- the control apparatus of patent document 1 determines the operation schedule of a storage battery or a heat accumulator provided in a smart house based on reference information.
- reference information it is described that time-based (TOU: Time Of Use) fee information, generator power generation information, load device power consumption information, and the like are used.
- the power consumption of the load device is stored or stored in the storage battery or the heat accumulator when the power consumption of the load device in the smart house is low or when the electricity bill is low. Electricity is effectively used by discharging from the storage battery at a large time.
- each document describes how to save power in vending machines.
- the vending machine of Patent Document 2 when the peak cut operation is performed based on the period and the time zone, the peak cut in the case where the temperature in the warehouse in which the product to be sold for cooling reaches a predetermined upper limit temperature, etc. Unless the predetermined condition for canceling the operation is satisfied, the internal temperature adjusting means is stopped to reduce the power consumption.
- the vending machine of Patent Document 3 reduces power consumption by switching between the power saving mode and the normal mode depending on whether or not the sales of the products of the vending machine reach a preset target value.
- the vending machine disclosed in Patent Document 4 uses a nighttime power that is applied with a cheap late-night electricity charge to charge the power storage device, and operates a load device (such as a cooling unit) during peak hours in the daytime. Is temporarily stopped as necessary, and the power stored in the power storage device is used to reduce the power consumption of power supplied from the commercial power source.
- the vending machine of Patent Document 5 saves power by controlling the set temperature and operation of the cooling device in accordance with a peak shift or peak cut instruction from the center device.
- the vending machine of Patent Document 6 cools or heats the inside of a product storage box with a heat insulating structure in the late-night time when the electricity rate specified by a contract with an electric power company is reduced, and circulates the air inside the box.
- the fan's cool air or hot air blowing area as the whole area, the cold storage or heat is stored using the contents drinks and containers in the storage as heat storage materials.
- the ventilation area by the internal circulation fan is switched to a partial area, and the cooling or heating device is controlled for thermo operation. This saves power by reducing power consumption during daytime hours, and saves operation and maintenance costs by making effective use of a cheap midnight electricity bill system.
- JP 2012-115003 A JP 2013-65141 A JP 2002-24917 A JP 2000-1332738 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 08-161623 JP 05-114077 A
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a control device, a control method, and a program capable of dynamically and appropriately controlling power consumption according to the power supply and demand situation. is there.
- the control device of the present invention A communication means for receiving power consumption information of the power control target from the watt-hour meter; Obtaining means for obtaining demand control information from at least one power supplier; Control means for controlling the operation of the power control target based on the power consumption information and the demand control information; Is provided.
- the control method of the control device of the present invention includes: The control unit Receive power consumption information for power control from the watt-hour meter, Obtain demand control information from at least one power supplier, The control method of a control apparatus which controls the driving
- the computer program of the present invention is: A procedure for receiving power consumption information of a power control target from a watt-hour meter, A procedure for obtaining demand control information from at least one power supplier; It is a program for causing a computer to execute a procedure for controlling the operation of the power control target based on the power consumption information and the demand control information.
- a plurality of components are formed as a single member, and a single component is formed of a plurality of members. It may be that a certain component is a part of another component, a part of a certain component overlaps with a part of another component, or the like.
- the plurality of procedures of the control method and the computer program of the present invention are not limited to being executed at different timings. For this reason, another procedure may occur during the execution of a certain procedure, or some or all of the execution timing of a certain procedure and the execution timing of another procedure may overlap.
- a control device capable of dynamically and appropriately controlling power consumption according to the power supply / demand situation.
- FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram showing a logical configuration of a control device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the control device 100 includes a communication unit 102 that receives power consumption information of a power control target from a watt hour meter, and an acquisition unit 104 that acquires demand control information from at least one power supply source. And a control unit 106 that controls the operation of the power control target based on the power consumption information and the demand control information.
- the communication unit 102 receives power consumption information for power control from the watt-hour meter.
- the power control target is any device that can measure the power consumed by the watt hour meter.
- the power control target is a load device that consumes power, a storage battery that stores and discharges power that can be consumed by the load device, and power generation that generates power that can be consumed by the load device and supplies it to the load device or stores it in the storage battery. Including at least one device of the machine.
- Examples of power control targets include vending machines, ATMs (Automated Teller Machines), automatic ID photographic machines, photo printing machines, so-called Purikura (registered trademark) (print club (registered trademark)), etc., warehouses, parking , Theme park gates, automatic change machines, telephone booths, park lighting and street lights.
- the power control target may be a smart house or the like.
- the power control target is mainly installed outdoors, and electricity supplied to these power control targets is distributed by indoor wiring. Rather, it is preferable to receive power directly at the site and to read each meter by a watt hour meter installed in the vicinity.
- the reason for this is that, even in the case of a general household, even if it receives a request to reduce the amount of power used by an electric power company, it is necessary to uniformly control power consumption unless it is a situation where a power outage is forced. Is difficult, and individual handling is complicated, which is not realistic. Whether or not to save power by accepting the request is left to the individual's judgment, so the effect cannot be expected so much.
- power control targets may be distributed in a certain area, such as vending machines and ATMs, and managed and controlled by a predetermined management organization, etc. It may be managed.
- a power control target managed by a company or organization such as a vending machine
- An operation control method for a load device or the like in the vending machine can be determined and applied to each device. Therefore, power consumption can be appropriately controlled more efficiently.
- operation control can be performed on a plurality of power control targets under the conditions and policies determined by the management source because the possibility of obtaining a higher power saving effect is increased.
- the watt-hour meter is a device that can measure power consumption of a power control target and transmit the measurement result to the control device 100, and a so-called “smart meter” is an example.
- the power consumption information is information including at least one of an instantaneous power value measured by a watt hour meter and an integrated power value for a predetermined period (for example, 30 minutes), and time information of each value. Furthermore, the power consumption information may include a reverse power flow value of surplus power such as a generator and time information thereof.
- the acquisition unit 104 acquires demand control information from at least one power supply source.
- acquisition means that the device itself obtains data or information stored in another device or storage medium (active acquisition), for example, requests or inquires of another device. Receiving data, accessing and reading out other devices and storage media, etc., and inputting data or information output from other devices into the device (passive acquisition), for example, distribution (or , Transmission, push notification, etc.) and / or receiving received data or information. It also includes selecting and acquiring from received data or information, or selecting and receiving distributed data or information.
- the power supplier refers to at least one of an electric power company that is an electric power company, a so-called “aggregator” that adjusts electric power of a plurality of electric power companies and supplies the electric power to consumers, a power generation company, and a grid operating organization.
- an electric power company that is an electric power company
- a so-called “aggregator” that adjusts electric power of a plurality of electric power companies and supplies the electric power to consumers
- a power generation company a grid operating organization.
- the present invention is not limited to this as long as it is a system having a mechanism for supplying power to consumers.
- the demand control information is information for controlling the power demand presented to the power consuming side from the power supply source.
- the demand control information is, for example, information on electricity charges (charge setting for each time zone division, restriction on usage time or usage amount, etc.) exchanged in advance with the power supply source 60 at the time of contract, and transmission from the power supply source 60 Information on the fuel cost adjustment amount, information on power outages or planned power outages (time, area, scheduled recovery time, etc.) and so-called “demand response” described later.
- demand response is defined in the United States by the US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Assessment of Demand Response & Advanced Metering, FERC (Federal Energy Regulatory Commission :) (2011)).
- Demand response means “When the wholesale market price rises or the system reliability decreases, the electricity consumption pattern is converted so that the consumer side suppresses the use of electricity according to the setting of the electricity price or payment of incentives. It points out.
- Electricity rate-based information Information that prompts the consumer to shift demand at their own discretion by setting and notifying the electricity supplier, who is the power supplier, by time zone (or hour) is there. For example, it is possible to suppress demand by setting an expensive fee at high load, and to promote demand by setting an inexpensive fee at low load.
- TOU Time Of Use
- CPP Critical Peak Pricing
- Incentive-based information such as demand adjustment contracts Information on request or implementation of load control or shut-off when the power supplier has signed a contract with the customer in advance, the wholesale power price rises or the power supply and demand is tight is there. For example, the applied period, time zone, conditions, and the like are included in the information.
- B1 Reward for load reduction (b2) Supply / demand adjustment contract (b3) Direct load control For example, the power supply source notifies in advance and the target load device is shut off remotely.
- Electricity wholesale market (capacity market, emergency adjustment market)
- the control unit 106 controls the operation of the power control target based on the power consumption information and the demand control information.
- the control of the operation of the power control target includes any control for the purpose of controlling the power consumption in the power control target. Examples include control of power supply to a power control target (power supply stop from a power supply source, switching to power supply from a storage battery or generator, etc.), operation control of operation and stop of a power control target, and And control of the operation mode (temperature setting change, mode switching, etc.) of the power control target.
- the power control target has at least one function (load device or the like) that consumes power, and the control unit 106 controls the operation of various functions to control the power consumption.
- the various functions to be controlled by power are realized by cooperation of hardware of each device and software such as programs for operating each device.
- control device of the present invention may be incorporated in a power control target or installed outside the power control target.
- the power control target is composed of a plurality of elements (for example, a warehouse)
- a plurality of elements such as a warehouse air conditioner, a security camera, a gate, and a solar cell can be controlled by at least one control device.
- the plurality of vending machines can be controlled using at least one control device.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a system that controls the power of the vending machine 10 using the control device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the management system 70 manages a plurality of vending machines 10 (only one is shown in FIG. 2).
- the management information database 72 holds information related to the vending machine 10.
- the management system 70 acquires demand control information such as a demand response (DR) from the power supply source 60 and transmits the demand control information to a plurality of vending machines 10 to be managed.
- DR demand response
- Each vending machine 10 is provided with a smart meter 40 having a meter reading function, and power consumption information of the vending machine 10 measured by the smart meter 40 is transmitted from the smart meter 40 to the power supply source 60.
- the vending machine 10 that is a power control target includes a load device 14 that is a power consumption control target, a sensor 12 that detects various states in the vending machine 10, and a control unit 32 that controls the operation of the vending machine 10. And including.
- the vending machine 10 according to the present embodiment further includes a communication module 30, which corresponds to the control device 100 of FIG.
- the vending machine 10 may be connected to at least one of a storage battery 20 that supplies power to the vending machine 10 and a generator 22 such as a solar power generator.
- the management system 70 and the power supply source 60 can include a server computer or personal computer including a CPU, a memory, a hard disk, and a communication device (not shown), or a device corresponding to them.
- the configuration of parts not related to the essence of the present invention is omitted, and for example, the merchandise sales mechanism of the vending machine 10 is not shown.
- the management system 70 may have various functions for managing the vending machine 10, but in the present invention, the management system 70 receives the demand control information received from the power supply source 60 as a plurality of vending machines. It is assumed that at least the function of transferring to 10 is used. Control of the vending machine 10 according to the present invention is not based on an instruction from the management system 70 but mainly based on an instruction from the control device 100 of the present invention.
- the watt-hour meter of the present invention measures the amount of power that is supplied from the power supply source 60 to the power control target described above and consumed.
- the watt-hour meter 42 will be described by taking a configuration included in a so-called “smart meter 40” as an example.
- the watt hour meter 42 holds, for example, an instantaneous power value, an integrated power value for a predetermined period (for example, 30 minutes), and a current value as power consumption information together with their time information.
- the information measured by the watt-hour meter 42 may include information on the reverse power flow value of surplus power such as the generator 22.
- the watt-hour meter 42 may accumulate such information and hold history information for a predetermined period.
- the communication unit 102 receives various types of information described above from the watt-hour meter 42 as power consumption information.
- the vending machine 10 and the smart meter 40 include a communication module 30 and a communication module 50, respectively, and can communicate with each other.
- the communication module 30 and the communication module 50 can wirelessly communicate with each other by a specific low power wireless method using the 920 MHz band.
- Wi-SUN Wireless Smart Utility Network
- This has features such as lower power consumption, longer reach, and less radio interference with other wireless devices compared to wireless LAN (Local Area Network) (so-called “Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)”). Have. Because it has excellent wraparound characteristics, stable communication can be secured even where there are walls or obstacles.
- the 920 MHz band system is preferable because the communication speed is faster (up to about 200 kbps) than other specific low-power radio systems (400 MHz band).
- each communication module is a mobile phone such as 3G (3rd Generation) or LTE (Long Term Evolution) in addition to a communication unit that performs communication in a specific low-power wireless system using the 920 MHz band.
- You may further provide the communication part which connects with the network 3 which is a mobile telephone communication network using a communication system via a base station (not shown), and communicates with the management system 70 or the electric power supply source 60.
- the communication module 30 may have a function of communicating with the handy terminal 80 that manages the inventory of the products of the vending machine 10, but is not related to the essence of the present invention. Description is omitted.
- the communication module 30 of the vending machine 10 corresponds to the control device 100 of FIG.
- the communication module 50 of the smart meter 40 communicates with the communication module 30 of the vending machine 10 using the 920 MHz band system, and further communicates with the power supply source 60 via the network 3 using a mobile phone communication system such as 3G.
- the smart meter 40 can have the following functions, but is not limited thereto.
- C1 A function of reading the power supplied to the power control target with the watt-hour meter 42 and transmitting meter reading data to the power supply source periodically (every 30 minutes)
- Function Function for controlling the power supply of the load device 14 that is the object of power control
- Electricity charge feedback value from electric power company or converted value in smart meter 40
- electricity usage use by time zone (History) to acquire and present to consumers
- the power supply source 60 is an electric power company that is an electric power company, but is not limited thereto.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a network configuration in the vending machine management system using the control device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the management system 70 manages a plurality of vending machines 10a to 10e (hereinafter, simply referred to as “vending machine 10” if it is not necessary to distinguish them).
- the number of vending machines 10 is not limited to the number shown.
- the management system 70 communicates with a plurality of vending machines 10a to 10e via the public network 5 via the network 3b, acquires information from the vending machines 10a to 10e, or gives instructions to the vending machine 10.
- a plurality of smart meters 40a to 40e are connected to the plurality of vending machines 10a to 10e, respectively.
- one smart meter 40 is provided for one vending machine 10, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- one smart meter 40 may be configured to measure the amount of power of a plurality of vending machines 10.
- one smart meter 40 may be configured to collectively manage power consumption information of a plurality of vending machines 10 or may be configured to be managed individually.
- the management system 70 and the power supply source 60 include a network 3a including at least one of a LAN (Local Area Network), a WAN (Wide Area Network), the Internet, and a VPN (Virtual Private Network). Communicate through.
- a network 3a including at least one of a LAN (Local Area Network), a WAN (Wide Area Network), the Internet, and a VPN (Virtual Private Network). Communicate through.
- the management system 70 and each vending machine 10 are at least one of LAN, WAN, Internet, VPN, etc. via a public network 5 that can be connected via a base station (not shown) by a mobile phone communication system such as 3G. Communication is performed via the network 3b including one of them.
- a network 3c including at least one of LAN, WAN, Internet, VPN, etc. via the public line network 5 that can be connected by a mobile phone communication system such as 3G is connected between the power supply source 60 and each smart meter 40. Communicate via.
- the management system 70 and the power supply source 60 may communicate with each other by connecting to the network 3a via the public line network 5. Further, as described above, the plurality of smart meters 40a to 40e may communicate with each other by a specific low power wireless system using the 920 MHz band.
- the smart meter 40 of the present invention can appropriately adopt various communication methods that can be applied in the future, It is not limited to the following.
- the present embodiment can be applied to communication between the power supply source 60 and each smart meter 40 and between a plurality of smart meters 40.
- (D1) 1: N wireless communication system This is a communication system according to this embodiment, and performs communication using a mobile phone communication system such as 3G or LTE. Since communication is performed with a base station (not shown) at a relatively high output, the communication distance is long and the communication stability is good. For example, application in an area where buildings such as mountainous areas are scattered is preferable.
- (D2) Wireless multi-hop communication Communicates with a neighboring node (smart meter 40) using a relatively low power radio to transmit (transfer) data, and finally to a gateway to the center (not shown) side Data is collected by a concentrator (not shown).
- a concentrator not shown
- D3 PLC (Power Line Communications) method Communication is performed using a power line as a communication medium. For example, application in a dense area of a high-rise building is preferable.
- the demand control information transmitted from the power supply source 60 is transmitted to the vending machine 10 that is a power control target through at least one of the following routes.
- the demand control information is transmitted from the power supply source 60 to the management system 70 via the network 3a, and further, a plurality of power control objects are connected via the network 3b connected from the management system 70 via the public line network 5.
- vending machines 10a to 10e are connected to the public line network 5.
- the demand control information is transmitted from the power supply source 60 to the smart meters 40a to 40e via the network 3c connected via the public line network 5, and further, the smart meters 40a to 40e receive power control targets (for example, The data is transmitted to the vending machines 10a to 10e) by a specific low power radio system using the 920 MHz band.
- the demand control information is directly transmitted from the power supply source 60 to each power control target (for example, the vending machine 10) via the network 3c (or other dedicated network).
- a predetermined smart meter 40 receives the demand control information from the power supply source 60 as a representative, and the received demand control information is transmitted to another smart device. It may be transferred to the meter 40 and propagated between other smart meters 40 (eg, smart meters 40b-40).
- the timing for transmitting / receiving the demand control information may be transmitted from the power supply source 60 to the consumer side on a regular basis, at a predetermined time, or at any time in an emergency.
- the power supply source 60 is periodically, at a predetermined time, or at an arbitrary inquiry from the customer side, or at a predetermined time since the last information transmission / reception. It is conceivable that the information is transmitted before and after the power control process in the control device 100 after the elapse of time, but is not limited thereto.
- the power consumption information is metered and accumulated by the smart meter 40, held, and transmitted to the power supply source 60 or the management system 70 via at least one of the following.
- the power consumption information is transmitted from each smart meter 40 via the network 3c connected to the power supply source 60 via the public line network 5.
- the power consumption information is transmitted from the plurality of smart meters 40a to 40e to the plurality of vending machines 10a to 10e by the specific low power wireless method using the 920 MHz band, respectively.
- F3 It is transmitted from each vending machine 10 via the network 3b connected to the management system 70 via the public network 5.
- the timing of transmitting and receiving the power consumption information may be transmitted from each smart meter 40 to the power supply source 60 or the customer side on a regular basis (for example, every 30 minutes), at a predetermined time, or arbitrarily. It is done.
- the smart meter 40 in response to a request from the management system 70, the power supply source 60, or the vending machine 10, the smart meter 40 is periodically, at a predetermined time, at an arbitrary inquiry, or after a predetermined time has elapsed since the last information transmission / reception.
- the information may be transmitted before and after the power control process in the control device 100, but is not limited thereto.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the communication module 110 mounted on the vending machine 10 which is a power control target according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the communication module 110 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 112, a memory 114, an I / F (InterFace) unit 116, a first communication unit 120, and a second communication unit 122.
- the communication module 110 in FIG. 4 corresponds to the control device 100 in FIG. 1 and the communication module 30 in FIG.
- Each component of the control device 100 of FIG. 1 described above includes a CPU 112, a memory 114, a program 90 that realizes the components of FIG. 1 loaded in the memory 114, and a ROM (not shown) that stores the program 90 shown in FIG.
- Arbitrary computer hardware and software provided with a storage unit (not shown) such as a read-only memory or a flash memory and an I / F unit 116 (or the first communication unit 120 or the second communication unit 122) It is realized by a combination (so-called “firmware”). It will be understood by those skilled in the art that there are various modifications to the implementation method and apparatus.
- Each functional block diagram described in this specification shows a logical functional unit block, not a hardware unit configuration.
- the CPU 112 executes various processing operations corresponding to the computer program 90, whereby various units as shown in FIG. 1 are realized as various functions.
- the computer program 90 is a procedure for receiving power consumption information of a power control target (vending machine 10) from the watt hour meter 42 by a computer for realizing the communication module 110 (control device 100), at least one. Description is made to execute a procedure for acquiring demand control information from one power supply source 60, a procedure for controlling the operation of the power control target (vending machine 10) based on the power consumption information and the demand control information. Has been.
- the computer program 90 of this embodiment may be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium.
- the recording medium is not particularly limited, and various forms can be considered.
- the program 90 may be loaded from the recording medium into the computer memory 114, or may be downloaded to the computer via the network and loaded into the memory 114.
- the recording medium for recording the computer program 90 includes a medium that can be used by a non-transitory tangible computer, and a program code that can be read by the computer is embedded in the medium.
- the I / F unit 116 has a structure in which the communication module 110 can be incorporated into the vending machine 10 or a hardware structure that can be detachably connected to the vending machine 10 and is electrically connected. including.
- the CPU 112 of the communication module 110 is electrically connected to the control unit 32, the sensor 12, the load device 14, the storage battery 20, and the generator 22 of the vending machine 10 via the I / F unit 116.
- the first communication unit 120 performs communication using a specific low-power wireless system that uses the 920 MHz band.
- the 1st communication part 120 communicates with the smart meter 40 or the handy terminal 80 of FIG.
- the second communication unit 122 performs communication using a mobile phone communication system such as 3G or LTE.
- the second communication unit 122 communicates with the management system 70.
- the first communication unit 120 corresponds to the communication unit 102 in FIG. 1
- the second communication unit 122 corresponds to the acquisition unit 104 in FIG.
- the first communication unit 120 may correspond to both the communication unit 102 and the acquisition unit 104 in FIG.
- the vending machine 10 has at least one of the functions of cooling, heating, and keeping warm as a function for adjusting the temperature of the product to be sold.
- the cooling device 132 and the heating device 134 correspond to these.
- it has a function of controlling at least one of illumination, a liquid crystal display, an LED display, and an audio output.
- the lighting device 136 corresponds to this.
- the control unit 106 (FIG. 1) controls the operation of the function of the load device 14 that realizes each of these functions, thereby controlling the power consumption related to the vending machine 10. can do.
- control unit 106 (FIG. 1) automatically controls the operation (storage / discharge etc.) of the storage battery 20 or the generator 22 connected to the vending machine 10 or uses surplus power.
- the power consumption of the vending machine 10 can be further controlled.
- control unit 106 may control the operation of a security camera (not shown) provided in parallel with the vending machine 10, thereby further controlling the power consumption related to the vending machine 10. can do.
- the control unit 106 controls at least one operation of the apparatus, the solar battery, and the like, so that the power consumption related to the warehouse can be controlled.
- the control unit 106 operates at least one of a ticket issuing machine, a lighting in the parking lot, a gate bar driving device, and a fee settlement machine, which is a function that consumes electric power related to parking.
- (FIG. 1) may control, and may control the power consumption amount relevant to parking.
- control unit 106 In the case of a theme park gate (not shown), the control unit 106 (see FIG. 4) operates at least one of a ticket gate, a face authentication device, and a lighting function, which is a function of consuming electric power related to the theme park gate. By controlling 1), it is possible to control the power consumption related to the theme park gate.
- control unit 106 controls the operation of a storage battery or a generator that can supply power to the power control target instead of power supply from the power supply source.
- the power consumption of the power control target may be further controlled by using surplus power.
- FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram showing the configuration of the smart meter 40 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the smart meter 40 includes a watt-hour meter 42 that measures the amount of power of the vending machine 10, a CPU 142, a memory 144, a first communication unit 150, and a second communication unit 152.
- the smart meter 40 includes a CPU 142, a memory 144, a program 170 that implements the functions of the smart meter 40 loaded in the memory 144, and a storage unit (not shown) such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) or a flash memory that stores the program 170.
- a storage unit such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) or a flash memory that stores the program 170.
- This is realized by an arbitrary combination of hardware and software (so-called “firmware”) of an arbitrary computer including the first communication unit 150 or the second communication unit 152. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that there are various modifications to the implementation method and apparatus.
- the first communication unit 150 wirelessly communicates with the vending machine 10 by a specific low power wireless method using the 920 MHz band.
- the second communication unit 152 communicates with the power supply source 60 via the network 3c by a mobile phone communication method such as 3G or LTE.
- the communication module 50 of FIG. 2 can be configured to include at least the first communication unit 150.
- the communication module 30 (the communication module 110 in FIG. 4) is attached to the power control target (the vending machine 10), and the communication module 50 (FIG. 2, FIG. 5) is attached to the smart meter 40. Communication between the power control target (the vending machine 10) and the smart meter 40 and between the power control target (the vending machine 10) and the management system 70 (or the power supply source 60) is enabled. And the control apparatus 100 (FIG. 1) is based on the demand control information acquired from the management system 70 and the power consumption information of the power control target (vending machine 10) acquired from the smart meter 40. By controlling the operation of the machine 10), the power consumption can be controlled.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the control device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the control device 100 receives power consumption information of the power control target (the vending machine 10) from the watt-hour meter 42 (step S101), and demand control from at least one power supply source 60 is performed. Information is acquired (step S103), and the operation of the power control target (the vending machine 10) is controlled based on the power consumption information and the demand control information (step S105).
- the communication unit 102 receives the power consumption information of the vending machine 10 from the watt-hour meter 42 of the smart meter 40 in FIG. 2 (step S101). ). And the acquisition part 104 (2nd communication part 122 of FIG. 4) receives the demand control information from the electric power supply source 60 via the management system 70 (step S103).
- control part 106 controls the driving
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a control example of the operation of the power control target by the control device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the peak of the power consumption of the vending machine 10 is changed to a time zone when the electricity rate is cheap based on the demand response indicating the peak rate application notification.
- the control unit 106 more appropriately determines how much power is shifted to which time zone based on the history information of the past power consumption.
- step S111 corresponds to step S103 of FIG. 6 described above.
- Step S111 is performed at a predetermined timing as described above for the transmission / reception timing of the demand control information, and may be performed when information is transmitted from the management system 70 to the vending machine 10 in an interrupted manner.
- the vending machine 10 may periodically perform information collection on the management system 70.
- step S113 receives the power consumption information of the vending machine 10 from the smart meter 40 (step S113).
- This step S113 corresponds to step S101 of FIG.
- the reception timing of the power consumption information in step S113 is also performed at a predetermined timing as described above.
- the control device 100 periodically requests and receives information from the smart meter 40. Shall.
- the control device 100 periodically repeats step S113 to store the power consumption information received from the smart meter 40 in the memory 114 as history information in association with the date / time information.
- the control device 100 may receive history information of power consumption information accumulated in the smart meter 40 and store the history information in the memory 114.
- the demand response acquired in step S111 includes a peak charge application notification, for example, CPP information (YES in step S115).
- a peak charge application notification for example, CPP information (YES in step S115).
- the unit price of the electricity rate at the peak time (period T1) is changed to a unit price (shown as a result) higher than the normal one shown by the broken line after the next day, as shown in FIG.
- a unit price shown as a result
- the control unit 106 refers to the history information stored in the memory 114. For example, as shown in FIG. 8B, the transition information of the daily power consumption in the past (for example, the same day of the previous day or the previous week) is acquired.
- the control unit 106 determines whether there is a time zone in which the power consumption exceeds the threshold value W1 from the history information (step S117). When there is a time period in which the power consumption exceeds the threshold value W1 (period T4 in FIG. 8B) (YES in step S117), the control unit 106 includes the period T4 and in the period T1 where the unit price is high. Then, it is determined to stop the operation of the load device 14 (step S119).
- control unit 106 controls the operation of the load device 14 of the vending machine 10 to stop during the period T1 (or period T4), and operates at T2 or T3 within the time zone when the charge is low. Shift time. At this time, the control unit 106 determines the power consumption amount to be shifted, the load device 14 to be controlled, or the stop time and the time and length of the operation time after the shift in both the power consumption information and the unit price. Determine based on information.
- control can be performed in consideration of the function of the load device 14 and the requirements of the control target, and various control methods can be considered depending on the control target.
- the load device 14 is the cooling device 132
- the power consumption amount exceeds the peak from 13:00 to 15:00
- it is a time zone in which the temperature is high so when the operation of the cooling device 132 is stopped, the vending machine 10
- the temperature in the cabinet will rise. Therefore, by lowering the internal temperature of the vending machine 10 from the normal time before this operation stop time zone, it is possible to prevent the products in the internal compartment from warming even if the temperature rises.
- FIG. 8C shows an example of a normal operation schedule of the cooling device 132. In the example of FIG.
- the vehicle is operated from 10:00 to 16:00. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8D, the control unit 106 controls the operation of the cooling device 132 so as to perform the cooling operation for a long time (7 hours) from an earlier time (6 o'clock). Then, the control unit 106 further sets the operation time to the normal time (in order to cool the amount of the rise in the temperature of the vending machine 10 later while the operation is stopped (from 13:00 to 16:00). The operation of the cooling device 132 is controlled to be postponed until later (until 18:00).
- step S119 is bypassed.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a control example of the operation of the power control target by the control device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the demand response indicates notification of reward by demand adjustment, and that the incentive is notified when the power consumption does not exceed the threshold value W2.
- the load device that controls the operation is selected so that the power consumption amount of the vending machine 10 does not exceed the threshold value W2 specified by the demand adjustment.
- Steps S111 and S113 are the same as those in FIG. It is assumed that the demand response acquired in step S111 includes a demand adjustment request and a reward notification by load reduction (YES in step S121).
- the control unit 106 refers to the history information stored in the memory 114, and acquires the transition information of the daily power consumption in the past (for example, the same day of the previous day or the previous week). Then, the control unit 106 determines whether or not there is a time zone in which power exceeding the power consumption threshold W2 indicated by the demand response is present (step S117). When there is a time zone in which the power consumption exceeds the threshold W2 (YES in step S117), the control unit 106 selects a device that stops operation in the time zone from the load device 14 of the vending machine 10. (Step S123).
- control unit 106 determines the power consumption amount to be shifted, the load device 14 to be controlled, or the stop time and the time and length of the operation time after the shift in both the power consumption information and the unit price. Determine based on information.
- the operation corresponding to the amount of power may be shifted or distributed to other time zones.
- the operation time zone of the load device 14 may be shifted or distributed in order to reduce the power consumption during the period when the power consumption exceeds the threshold value W2.
- the control unit 106 determines the amount of power to be shifted from the driving time period so that the shifted power consumption does not exceed the threshold value W2.
- control unit 106 may select a device to be stopped with reference to a table in which priorities are defined in advance as shown in FIG. This order of priority may be determined in advance for each type of vending machine 10 and the area where it is installed, or a different table is prepared for each season, time zone, weather (temperature), etc.
- a table may be used selectively. For example, during the summer period, the priority of the shutdown of the cooling device 132 is lowered, the priority of the shutdown of the lighting device 136 is lowered at night, or the priority of the shutdown of the heating device 134 is on a day when the temperature is low. The order may be lowered. Further, these tables may be downloaded from the management system 70 and updated.
- the operation mode of each device is selected as appropriate according to the conditions to control operation. May be.
- control such as switching from the normal mode to the power save mode may be performed instead of stopping the operation so that the power consumption is equal to or less than the threshold value.
- control unit 106 stops the operation of the selected load device 14 and changes the operation of the stopped load device 14 to another time zone in the time zone exceeding the threshold W2 (step S125). . Note that steps S121 to S125 in FIG. 9 correspond to step S105 in FIG.
- This control changes the daily power consumption and prevents the power consumption from exceeding the threshold value W2. As a result, an incentive is given.
- timing of control by the control unit 106 may be any time when a change is required, such as when demand control information is received, or may be set as an operation plan for the next day or the like and controlled according to the plan. .
- the control device 100 includes the communication module 110 (FIG. 4) in the power control target (the vending machine 10), and the power consumption information of the vending machine 10 is obtained from the smart meter 40. It receives from the watt-hour meter 42 via the first communication unit 120 (FIG. 4), and obtains demand control information from at least one power supply source 60.
- the control device 100 can control the operation of the power control target (the load device 14, the storage battery 20, the generator 22, etc.) based on both the power consumption information and the demand control information.
- the control device 100 can control the operation of the power control target (the load device 14, the storage battery 20, the generator 22, etc.) based on both the power consumption information and the demand control information.
- the smart meter 40 can have a function of holding history information of power consumption information for a predetermined period, the smart meter 40 is adopted as the watt-hour meter 42, and the communication unit 102 receives power consumption from the smart meter 40. It is preferable to receive history information. Since the history information held by the smart meter 40 can be used for controlling the power control target, the control device 100, the communication module 110, or the vending machine 10 does not have a storage unit for holding the history information. Also gets better. By using the above-described function of the smart meter 40, it is possible to dynamically control the power consumption of the power control target in a fine and appropriate manner in response to fluctuations in power consumption, fluctuations in demand, etc. while suppressing the memory capacity on the control side.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a system that controls the power of the vending machine 10 using the control device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a functional block diagram showing a logical configuration of the control device 200 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the control device 200 according to the embodiment of the present invention is different from the control device 100 of the above-described embodiment of FIG. 1 in that the power supply source that receives power supply is a plurality of power supply sources 62 based on the demand control information. It is different in that it has a configuration to select from.
- an organization called an aggregator mediates between a plurality of power supply sources and consumers, and adopts a mechanism that adjusts and supplies a plurality of powers to meet the needs of consumers. Under such circumstances, it is desirable to be able to properly select a plurality of power supply sources that receive power supply.
- the control device 200 includes a communication unit 102, an acquisition unit 104, and a control unit 106 similar to those in the above embodiment, and further, the acquisition unit 104.
- Demand control information shown as “DR” in FIG. 11
- DR Demand control information
- the plurality of power supply sources 62 Company A, Company B, Company C in FIG. 11
- power consumption information received by the communication unit 102
- a selection unit 202 that selects at least one power supply source 62 from among the plurality of power supply sources 62, and the power supplied to the power control target is supplied from the selected power supply source 62.
- a power switching instruction unit 204 that instructs a power switching device (not shown) to switch to power.
- the power switching device can be realized by at least one of the smart meter 40, the management system 70, and the aggregator 64.
- the smart meter 40 includes a power switching device including means for receiving power from the plurality of power supply sources 62 and means for switching electricity supplied from the plurality of power supply sources 62 to be supplied to the vending machine 10. But you can.
- the power switching instruction unit 204 of the control device 200 outputs a power switching instruction to at least one of the management system 70 and the smart meter 40.
- the management system 70 or the smart meter 40 includes means for transferring the switching instruction to the aggregator 64.
- the aggregator 64 includes means for receiving a switching instruction and means for transferring the switching instruction to the power supply system of the corresponding power supply source 62.
- a power switching device may be realized by combining these means. Note that a specific power switching method is not related to the essence of the present invention, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the control device 200 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the control method of the present embodiment includes steps S101 and S105 similar to the flowchart showing the operation procedure of the control device 100 of the above-described embodiment of FIG. 6, and further includes steps S201 to S205.
- the control device 200 receives the power consumption information of the power control target (the vending machine 10) from the watt hour meter 42 (step S101), and a plurality of power supply sources 62 (A in FIG. 11).
- Demand control information from the company, company B, company C) (step S201), and based on the demand control information from the plurality of power supply sources 62 and the power consumption information, the plurality of power supply sources 62
- At least one power supply source 62 is selected from the inside (step S203), and the power switching device is instructed to switch the power supplied to the power control target to the power supplied from the selected power supply source 62 ( Step S205), the operation of the power control target (the vending machine 10) is controlled based on the power consumption information and the demand control information (Step S105).
- the selection process of the electric power supply source 62 by the selection part 202 in step S203 can be performed at the following timing.
- the following timings may be appropriately combined within a consistent range.
- H1 Regular (every hour, etc.)
- H2 A power supply schedule for the next day or the next week is determined (selects the power supply source 62) (h3) After receiving a demand response from the power supply source 62 (h4)
- the load (or consumption) of the power control target Electricity supplier 62 before (forecast) or after fluctuation (actual measurement), etc. (h5) based on weather information, or in an emergency (disaster, accident occurrence, fuel cost increase, etc.) Any time, period, etc. when the incentive is applied as needed (h6) before (forecast) or after it fluctuates (actually measured) etc.
- control device 200 of the embodiment of the present invention the same effects as those of the above embodiment can be obtained, and the following effects can be further obtained. Since the control device 200 can select one power supply source according to the user's needs and receive power supply from the plurality of power supply sources 62 based on the demand control information and the power consumption information, Electricity charges can be reduced and power can be supplied stably. Furthermore, according to the control device 200 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the distribution adjustment of the power supply source 62 that has been conventionally performed by the aggregator 64 can be dynamically selected by the consumer.
- control device controls the operation with the control device of the above-described embodiment by exchanging power consumption information among a plurality of power control objects and considering information on peripheral power control objects. It is different in point.
- the control device of the present embodiment may include the configuration of the control device 200 of the above-described embodiment of FIG.
- the communication unit 102 further acquires at least one of power consumption information and driving information of another power control target (the vending machine 10).
- the control unit 106 further controls the operation of the plurality of power control objects (the vending machine 10) based on at least one of the power consumption information and the operation information regarding the other power control object (the vending machine 10). .
- the communication unit 102 may acquire at least one of the power consumption information and the operation information of another power control target (the vending machine 10) via the watt-hour meter 42 (smart meter 40). You may acquire directly from an electric power control object (vending machine 10). Further, the communication unit 102 may have a function of acquiring information through both routes, may select a route according to the situation, and may acquire information through the selected route.
- the smart meters 40 communicate with each other using the first communication unit 150 (920 MHz) (FIG. 5) of the communication module 50 of each smart meter 40, and the smart meter 40 is automatically sold.
- the machine 10 communicates with the first communication unit 150 (920 MHz) (FIG. 5) of the communication module 50 and the first communication unit (920 MHz) 120 (FIG. 4) of the communication module 30 of the vending machine 10.
- the vending machines 10 may communicate with each other via the public network 5 (FIG. 3) using the second communication unit (3G) 122 (FIG. 4) of the communication module 30 of each vending machine 10. .
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a network configuration in the vending machine management system using the control device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the communication paths (results and one-dot chain arrows) that the vending machine 10 and the smart meter 40 shown in FIG. 3 of the above embodiment connect to each network 3 via the public line network 5 are omitted.
- the plurality of smart meters 40 respectively connected to the plurality of vending machines 10 include at least one of power consumption information and driving information using the first communication unit 150 (920 MHz) of FIG. 5. Paths for communicating and exchanging information are indicated by dashed arrows.
- Information can be exchanged between the smart meters 40 by multi-hop communication, and can be aggregated in the concentrator 68 and transmitted to the power supply source 60.
- information exchanged between a plurality of smart meters 40 can be stored in the memory 144 (FIG. 5) of each smart meter 40. Since the multi-hop communication method is not related to the essence of the present invention, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the control unit 106 may predict the power consumption amount of the future power control target from the operation information of each power control target (the vending machine 10).
- the operation information includes at least one of a power control target operation schedule, a current operation state, and the like.
- Power surplus (oversupply or sufficient charge amount) is predicted for power control target (vending machine 10) where power shortage is predicted (or currently power shortage) (or current power shortage)
- Other power control targets (inside) (the vending machine 10) share power and control the power consumption in total.
- a power control target that lacks power requests another power control target to supply power.
- the vending machines 10 are adjacent to each other and are connected by a dedicated power line or the like capable of accommodating power.
- Total consumption is achieved by setting a high threshold for power consumption for the vending machine 10 in the sales promotion area, shortening the operation stop time, and setting low thresholds for the vending machine 10 in other areas. Control the amount of power.
- the supply and demand situation (for example, power failure) of the power supply source is notified to other power control targets receiving power from other power supply sources, and complement each other depending on the situation.
- the acquisition unit 104 acquires a power control instruction from the management device (management system 70) in addition to the demand control information.
- the control unit 106 further controls the operation of the plurality of power control objects (the vending machine 10) using the power control instruction.
- the power control instruction is information instructing the power control of the vending machine 10 transmitted from the management system 70 to the vending machine 10.
- the power control instruction may be transmitted from the management system 70 periodically or as needed, or may be transmitted from the management system 70 in response to a request from the power control target (the vending machine 10).
- the power control instruction from the management system 70 is exemplified below, but is not limited thereto.
- control device 100 of the present embodiment the same effects as those of the above-described embodiment can be obtained, and further, the situation between the other power control objects can be grasped, and the power consumption can be totaled for a plurality of power control objects. Therefore, it is possible to obtain an effect that efficient power control can be performed.
- the control device according to the embodiment of the present invention is different from the control device of the above embodiment in that the operation of the power control target is controlled by further considering product information such as the number of sales of the vending machine 10 that is the power control target. Is different.
- the control device of the present embodiment can have the same configuration as at least one of the control devices of the other embodiments.
- the control apparatus of this embodiment is demonstrated as what has the structure similar to the control apparatus 100 of FIG.
- the power control target is the vending machine 10.
- the control device 100 further includes a product information acquisition unit (not shown) that acquires product information indicating a change in the number of products sold or the amount of inventory by time in the vending machine 10.
- the control unit 106 further controls the operation of the vending machine 10 based on the change in the number of items sold or the amount of inventory.
- control example of the control part 106 is shown, it is not limited to these. Further, the following controls may be appropriately combined within a consistent range.
- K1 The operation of the load device 14 is not stopped in a time zone (or region) where the number of sales is large.
- K2 The time zone (or region) where the number of sales is small is the target of operation stop of the load device 14.
- K3 Since the temperature adjustment is necessary when the fluctuation of the inventory quantity is large, the vending machine 10 with the large fluctuation of the inventory quantity is excluded from the load reduction target.
- K4 When the change in the inventory quantity is small, the temperature adjustment process can be refrained, so the vending machine 10 with the small fluctuation in the inventory quantity is the target of the operation of the cooling device 132 and the heating device 134 being stopped.
- the cooling device 132 that is the load device 14 of the vending machine 10 is stopped during a time period when the number of sales is large, the product is There is a risk of getting slimy. Then, the customer avoids buying lukewarm products, and there is a risk that the number of sales will decrease and the opportunity for selling products will be lost.
- the fluctuation of the inventory quantity is small, it is expected that the temperature change in the vending machine 10 is small, and even if the temperature adjustment processing is refrained, it is considered that the product temperature can be maintained. Therefore, in such a vending machine 10, the power consumption can be suppressed by stopping the operation of the cooling device 132 and the heating device 134 that are the load devices 14.
- control device 100 of the present embodiment the same effect as in the above embodiment is achieved, and further, the operation is controlled by taking into account fluctuations in the number of vending machines 10 sold and the amount of inventory. Compared with the case where operation control is performed only by the amount of power consumption, more effective power consumption control can be performed without losing the opportunity to sell products.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a configuration of communication module 510 constituting the control device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the communication module 510 of the present embodiment includes a CPU 112, a memory 114, an I / F unit 116, and a first communication unit (920 MHz) 120 similar to the communication module 110 of FIG. That is, the communication module 510 does not include the second communication unit (3G) 122 of the communication module 110 of FIG.
- the first communication unit 120 of the communication module 510 in FIG. 15 corresponds to the communication unit 102 or the acquisition unit 104 of the control device 100 in FIG. 1 or the control device 200 in FIG.
- Each component of the control device 100 in FIG. 1 or the control device 200 in FIG. 12 described above is a program for realizing the components in FIG. 1 or FIG. 12 loaded in the CPU 112, the memory 114, and the memory 114 shown in FIG.
- the CPU 112 executes various processing operations corresponding to the computer program 520, so that the various units as shown in FIG. As realized.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the operation of the control device of the present embodiment.
- control is performed without using the demand control information received from the power supply source 60 via the management system 70 or the smart meter 40 in the above embodiment.
- the control device 100 receives power consumption information of the power control target (vending machine 10) from the watt hour meter 42 (step S101), and is based on the power consumption information.
- the operation of the power control target (the vending machine 10) is controlled (step S105).
- the operation of the power control target is controlled based on the power consumption information, the operation is stopped and the operation is shifted to another time zone when the power consumption may exceed the threshold.
- the control such as performing the control, the peak of the power consumption can be suppressed low.
- power consumption can be dynamically controlled appropriately according to the power supply and demand situation.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the operation of the control device of the present embodiment.
- control is performed without using the power consumption information received from the smart meter 40 in the above embodiment.
- the control device 100 acquires demand control information from at least one power supply source 60 (step S103), and based on the demand control information, the power control target (automatic) The operation of the vending machine 10) is controlled (step S105).
- the power consumption can be dynamically and appropriately controlled according to the power supply / demand situation.
- At least one of the power control target, the control device, and the watt-hour meter of the above embodiment may include a GPS (Global Positioning System).
- the control device may further include a position information acquisition unit (not shown) that acquires position information from the GPS.
- the current weather, temperature, or weather forecast information may be acquired based on the position information, and the operation of the load device 14 may be controlled in consideration of the information.
- the location information is transmitted from the vending machine 10 to the management system 70, and the management system 70 receives the location information of the vending machine 10 and various types of area information obtained from the location information, such as weather and temperature information, power failure information, and the like.
- the power control instruction may be transmitted to the vending machine 10.
- power control can be performed dynamically and appropriately in consideration of various situations from the position information of the power control target.
- the demand control information notified from the power supply source 60 includes hourly electricity bill information.
- the demand control information is distributed from the power supply source 60 via the management system 70 or the smart meter 40, and is acquired by the acquisition unit 104.
- the control unit 106 stops the operation of the cooling device 132 and the heating device 134 during a time period when the electricity rate is high based on the demand control information.
- the demand control information notified from the power supply source 60 includes hourly electricity bill information.
- the demand control information is distributed from the power supply source 60 via the management system 70 or the smart meter 40, and is acquired by the acquisition unit 104.
- the control unit 106 controls the operation of the storage battery 20 so that the storage battery 20 is charged during a time period when the electricity rate is low and is discharged to the storage battery 20 during a time period when the electricity rate is high. Thereby, the usage-amount of the electricity supplied from the electric power supply source 60 in the time zone when an electricity bill is high can be suppressed.
- the demand control information notified from the power supply source 60 includes direct load control information at a regional unit level or the like.
- the demand control information is distributed from the power supply source 60 to the smart meter 40 in the target area, and is acquired by the acquisition unit 104 via the smart meter 40.
- the first communication unit 120 (920 MHz) of the communication module 110 receives the demand control information.
- the control unit 106 controls the operation of the load device 14 according to the received direct load control information. According to this configuration, fine load control can be performed at the regional unit level when power is tight.
- Example 4 it is assumed that the company C of another power supply source 62 temporarily reduces the electricity bill by time service or the like while using the power of the company A of the power supply source 62.
- the information is included in the demand control information, distributed via the management system 70 or the smart meter 40, and acquired by the acquisition unit 104.
- the selection unit 202 selects the company C as the power supply source 62 and notifies the power switching instruction unit 204 in the time service time period of the company C.
- the power switching instruction unit 204 instructs the aggregator 64 via the management system 70 or the smart meter 40 to switch the power supply source 62 from company A to company C.
- the selection unit 202 selects the company A or the company B as the power supply source 62 and notifies the power switching instruction unit 204 of the selection.
- the power switching instruction unit 204 instructs the aggregator 64 via the management system 70 or the smart meter 40 to switch the power supply source 62 from company C to company A or company B.
- Example 5 it is predicted from information such as weather conditions that the power charge of company C, which mainly uses renewable energy, will rise or that the supplied power will become unstable.
- the selection unit 202 performs the prediction based on information such as weather conditions, selects a company A or a company B other than the company C based on the prediction result, and notifies the power switching instruction unit 204 of the selection.
- the power switching instruction unit 204 instructs the company A or the company B via the management system 70 or the smart meter 40 to switch the power supply source 62.
- the electricity price is switched to an appropriate power supply source 62 by predicting an increase in the electricity price of renewable energy or instability of the supplied power, and the electricity price is set to an appropriate amount. And the stability of the supplied power can be maintained.
- the control unit Receive power consumption information for power control from the watt-hour meter, Obtain demand control information from at least one power supplier, The control method of a control apparatus which controls the driving
- the control device further comprises: Based on the acquired demand control information from the plurality of power supply sources and the received power consumption information, select at least one power supply source from the plurality of power supply sources, A control method for a control device that instructs a power switching device to switch power supplied to the power control target to power supplied from the selected power supply source. 3. 1. Or 2.
- control method of the control device described in The control device is Further acquiring at least one of the power consumption information and the operation information of another power control target; Furthermore, the control method of the control apparatus which controls each driving
- the control device is A control method of a control device that directly acquires at least one of the power consumption information and the operation information of the other power control target. 6). 3. To 5. In the control method of the control device according to any one of the above, The control device is Furthermore, the power control instruction is acquired from the management device, Furthermore, the control method of the control apparatus which controls each driving
- the demand control information includes information on electricity charges that differ for each time zone
- the control device is Based on the electricity rate and history information of the power consumption information of the power control target, determine a power consumption amount for each time zone of the power control target in the future, and based on the determined power consumption amount
- the control method of the control apparatus which controls the driving
- the control method of the control device described in The control device is A control method for a control device that stops the operation of the power control target when it is determined that there is a time zone in which the power consumption exceeds a predetermined value based on the history information of the power consumption information. 9. 1. To 8.
- the demand control information includes information indicating that an incentive is given when the power consumption of the power control target is a predetermined value or less
- the control device is Based on the predetermined value and history information of the power consumption information of the power control target, a future power consumption amount of the power control target is determined, and the power control target is determined based on the determined power consumption amount.
- Control method for controlling the operation of the vehicle 10. 9.
- the control device is A control method for a control device that stops the operation of the power control target when it is determined that the power consumption exceeds the predetermined value based on the history information of the power consumption information. 11. 10.
- the control device is A control method of a control device that selects a device that stops operation from devices that consume power based on weather information. 12 1. To 11.
- the power control object is a vending machine,
- the control device is Further obtaining product information indicating a change in the number of products sold or the amount of inventory by hour in the vending machine, Furthermore, the control method of the control apparatus which controls the said operation
- the controller is A control method of a control device incorporated in the power control target or installed outside the power control target.
- 14 1. Thru 13.
- the power control object has a temperature adjustment function
- the control device is The control method of the control apparatus which controls operation
- 15. 1.
- the power control object includes a storage battery or a generator
- the control device is The control method of the control apparatus which controls the driving
- the watt-hour meter includes a power switching device that switches power supplied to the power control target to power supplied from a plurality of power supply sources
- the control device is A control method of a control device that instructs the power switching device to switch the power supplied to the power control target to the power supplied from the selected power supply source.
- a procedure for receiving power consumption information of a power control target from a watt-hour meter A procedure for obtaining demand control information from at least one power supplier; A program for causing a computer to execute a procedure for controlling the operation of the power control target based on the power consumption information and the demand control information. 18. 17. In the program described in A procedure for selecting at least one power supply source from the plurality of power supply sources based on the acquired demand control information from the plurality of power supply sources and the received power consumption information; A program for causing a computer to further execute a procedure for instructing a power switching device to switch power supplied to the power control target to power supplied from the selected power supply source. 19. 17. Or 18.
- the demand control information includes information on electricity charges that differ for each time zone, Based on the electricity rate and history information of the power consumption information of the power control target, determine a power consumption amount for each time zone of the power control target in the future, and based on the determined power consumption amount A program for causing a computer to further execute a procedure for controlling operation of the power control target. 24. 23.
- the demand control information includes information indicating that an incentive is given when the power consumption of the power control target is a predetermined value or less, Based on the predetermined value and history information of the power consumption information of the power control target, a future power consumption amount of the power control target is determined, and the power control target is determined based on the determined power consumption amount.
- the power control object is a vending machine, A procedure for obtaining product information indicating a change in the number of items sold or the amount of inventory by time in the vending machine; A program for causing a computer to further execute a procedure for controlling the operation of the power control target based on a change in the number of items sold or an inventory amount. 29. 17. Thru 28.
- the computer A program incorporated in the power control target or installed outside the power control target. 30. 17. Thru 29.
- the power control object has a temperature adjustment function, A program for causing a computer to further execute a procedure for controlling the operation of the temperature adjustment function of the power control target. 31.
- the power control object includes a storage battery or a generator, A program for causing a computer to further execute a procedure for controlling the operation of the storage battery or the generator. 32. 18.
- the watt-hour meter includes a power switching device that switches power supplied to the power control target to power supplied from a plurality of power supply sources, A program for causing a computer to further execute a procedure for instructing the power switching device to switch power supplied to the power control target to power supplied from the selected power supply source.
- the communication means further acquires at least one of the power consumption information and operation information of another power control target
- the control device further controls each of the operations of the plurality of power control objects based on at least one of the power consumption information and the operation information regarding the other power control objects.
- In the control device described in The said communication means is a control apparatus which acquires at least 1 of the said power consumption information and the said driving
- In the control device described in The communication unit is a control device that directly acquires at least one of the power consumption information and the operation information of the other power control target. 38. 35. Thru 37.
- the acquisition means further acquires a power control instruction from the management device
- the control means is a control device that further controls the operation of the plurality of power control targets based on the power control instruction.
- the power control object is a vending machine
- Product information acquisition means for acquiring product information indicating a change in the number of products sold or the amount of inventory by time in the vending machine
- the control means is a control device that further controls the operation of the power control target based on a change in the number of products sold or a stock quantity.
- the control means is a control device incorporated in the power control target or installed outside the power control target. 41. 33. Thru 40.
- the power control object has a temperature adjustment function
- the said control means is a control apparatus which controls operation
- the power control object includes a storage battery or a generator,
- the control means is a control device that controls the operation of the storage battery or the generator. 43. 34.
- the watt-hour meter includes a power switching device that switches power supplied to the power control target to power supplied from a plurality of power supply sources
- the power switching instruction unit is a control device that instructs the power switching device to switch the power supplied to the power control target to the power supplied from the selected power supply source.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
- Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
特許文献4の自動販売機は、安い深夜電力料金の適用を受ける夜間電力を利用して、蓄電装置に充電を行い、日中の時間帯でピーク負荷時に、負荷装置(冷却ユニット等)の運転を必要に応じて一時停止するとともに、蓄電装置に蓄電されている電力を利用することで、商用電源から給電を受ける電力消費を低く抑えている。
特許文献6の自動販売機は、断熱構造の商品収容庫内を、電力会社との間の契約で定められた電気料金が安くなる深夜の時間帯に、冷却または加温し、庫内循環送風ファンによる庫内の冷気または温気の送風域を庫内全域にすることで、庫内の商品の中身飲料と容器を蓄熱材として冷熱または温熱を蓄熱し、深夜以外の時間帯には、庫内循環送風ファンによる送風域を部分域に切り替え、冷却または加熱装置をサーモ運転制御する。これにより、昼間の時間帯での電力消費を抑えて節電するとともに、割安な深夜電気料金体系を有効利用して運転維持費を節約している。
電力量計から電力制御対象の消費電力情報を受信する通信手段と、
少なくとも1つの電力供給元からの需要制御情報を取得する取得手段と、
前記消費電力情報と、前記需要制御情報とに基づいて、前記電力制御対象の運転を制御する制御手段と、
を備える。
制御装置が、
電力量計から電力制御対象の消費電力情報を受信し、
少なくとも1つの電力供給元からの需要制御情報を取得し、
前記消費電力情報と、前記需要制御情報とに基づいて、前記電力制御対象の運転を制御する、制御装置の制御方法。
電力量計から電力制御対象の消費電力情報を受信する手順、
少なくとも1つの電力供給元からの需要制御情報を取得する手順、
前記消費電力情報と、前記需要制御情報とに基づいて、前記電力制御対象の運転を制御する手順、をコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラムである。
図1は、本発明の実施の形態に係る制御装置100の論理的な構成を示す機能ブロック図である。
本発明の実施の形態に係る制御装置100は、電力量計から電力制御対象の消費電力情報を受信する通信部102と、少なくとも1つの電力供給元からの需要制御情報を取得する取得部104と、消費電力情報と、需要制御情報とに基づいて、電力制御対象の運転を制御する制御部106と、を備える。
本発明において、電力制御対象は、電力量計により、消費される電力を計測されうるあらゆる装置である。たとえば、電力制御対象は、電力を消費する負荷装置、負荷装置が消費しうる電力を蓄電および放電する蓄電池、および負荷装置が消費しうる電力を発電して負荷装置に供給または蓄電池に蓄電する発電機の少なくともいずれか1つの装置を含む。
その理由は、一般家庭では、たとえ電力会社からの電力使用量削減の要請を受けた場合であっても、強制的に停電されるような状況でなければ、一律に電力消費の制御を行うことは困難であり、個別対応も煩雑となり現実的ではない。要請を受け入れて節電を行うか否かは、個人の判断に委ねられてしまうので、その効果はあまり期待できない。
消費電力情報とは、電力量計により計測される電力瞬時値および所定期間(たとえば、30分間)の電力積算値の少なくともいずれか一方、ならびに、各値の時刻情報を含む情報である。さらに、消費電力情報は、発電機等の余剰電力の逆潮流値と、その時刻情報を含んでもよい。
本明細書において、「取得」とは、自装置が他の装置や記憶媒体に格納されているデータまたは情報を取りに行くこと(能動的な取得)、たとえば、他の装置にリクエストまたは問い合わせして受信すること、他の装置や記憶媒体にアクセスして読み出すこと等、および、自装置に他の装置から出力されるデータまたは情報を入力すること(受動的な取得)、たとえば、配信(または、送信、プッシュ通知等)されるデータまたは情報を受信すること等、の少なくともいずれか一方を含む。また、受信したデータまたは情報の中から選択して取得すること、または、配信されたデータまたは情報を選択して受信することも含む。
電力供給元とは、電気事業者である電力会社、複数の電力会社の電力を調整して需要家に供給する所謂「アグリゲータ」、発電事業者、および系統運用機関の少なくともいずれか1つを指すことができるが、需要家に電力を供給する仕組みを有する系統であればよく、これらに限定されない。
需要制御情報とは、たとえば、電力供給元60と予め契約時に取り交わした電気料金の情報(時間帯区分毎の料金設定、使用時間または使用量の制限等)、ならびに、電力供給元60から発信される、燃料費調整額に関する情報、停電または計画停電(時間、エリア、復旧予定時刻等)に関する情報、および、後述する、所謂「デマンドレスポンス」、のうち少なくともいずれか1つを含む。
(a)電気料金ベースの情報
電力供給元である電気事業者が時間帯(または時間)別に料金を設定し、通知することで、需要家に自らの判断で、需要シフトを促すための情報である。たとえば、割高な料金を高負荷時に設定することで、需要を抑制し、割安な料金を低負荷時に設定することで、需要を促すことができる。
(a1)時間帯別(TOU:Time Of Use)(季節別)料金情報
(a2)ピーク時料金(CPP:Critical Peak Pricing)情報
平常時とは別に、特定条件時(緊急時、または卸市場価格の高騰時)に、高い単価を適用する料金の情報である。
(a3)ピーク日料金(PDP:Peak Day Pricing)情報
(a4)リアルタイム料金(RTP:Real Time Pricing)情報
時間別に決定される、卸市場価格を反映した料金の情報である。
電力供給元が需要家と予め契約を締結した、卸電力価格が高騰または電力需給が逼迫した際に、負荷抑制または遮断を要請または実施に関する情報である。たとえば、適用される期間、時間帯、および条件等が情報に含まれる。
(b1)負荷削減への報酬
(b2)需給調整契約
(b3)直接負荷制御
たとえば、電力供給元が予め通知して、対象の負荷装置を遠隔操作で遮断したりする。
(b4)電力卸市場(容量市場、緊急時調整市場)
電力制御対象の運転の制御とは、電力制御対象における電力消費を制御することを目的とした、あらゆる制御を含む。例として、電力制御対象への電力供給の制御(電力供給元からの電力供給停止や、蓄電池、または発電機からの電力供給への切替等)、電力制御対象の稼働と停止の動作制御、および、電力制御対象の運転モード(温度設定変更や、モード切替等)の制御等を含む。
以下、本発明の実施の形態として、自動販売機を管理するシステムに、本発明の制御装置を適用する例を説明する。
図2は、本発明の実施の形態に係る制御装置100を利用して自動販売機10の電力を制御するシステムの構成例を示すブロック図である。
図2のシステムにおいて、管理システム70は、複数の自動販売機10(図2では1台のみ示してある)を管理する。管理情報データベース72は、自動販売機10に関連する情報を保持する。管理システム70は、電力供給元60からデマンドレスポンス(Demand Response:DR)等の需要制御情報を取得し、管理対象の複数の自動販売機10に需要制御情報を伝達する。各自動販売機10には検針機能を有するスマートメータ40が設けられ、スマートメータ40により検針された自動販売機10の消費電力情報は、スマートメータ40から電力供給元60に送信される。
後述するように、本実施形態の自動販売機10は、さらに、通信モジュール30を含み、この通信モジュール30が、図1の制御装置100に相当する。
また、自動販売機10は、自動販売機10に電力を供給する蓄電池20および太陽光発電機等の発電機22の少なくともいずれか1つと接続されてもよい。
なお、本明細書の各図において、本発明の本質に関わらない部分の構成については省略してあり、たとえば、自動販売機10の商品販売機構などは図示されていない。
また、管理システム70は、自動販売機10を管理する様々な機能を有してもよいが、本発明では、管理システム70は、電力供給元60から受信した需要制御情報を複数の自動販売機10に転送する機能を少なくとも利用するものとする。本発明に係わる自動販売機10の制御は、管理システム70からの指示に基づくものではなく、主に、本発明の制御装置100からの指示に基づくものとする。
本実施形態において、電力量計42は、たとえば、電力瞬時値、所定期間(たとえば、30分間)の電力積算値、電流値を、それらの時刻情報とともに消費電力情報として保持する。また、電力量計42が計測する情報は、発電機22等の余剰電力の逆潮流値の情報を含んでもよい。さらに、電力量計42(または制御装置100)は、これらの情報を蓄積し、所定期間分の履歴情報を保持してもよい。
通信部102(図1)は、電力量計42から上述した各種情報を消費電力情報として受信する。
また、自動販売機10において、通信モジュール30は、自動販売機10の商品の在庫管理を行うハンディターミナル80と通信する機能を有してもよいが、本発明の本質に関わらないので、詳細な説明は省略する。
スマートメータ40の通信モジュール50は、自動販売機10の通信モジュール30と920MHz帯方式で通信するとともに、さらに、電力供給元60と3G等の携帯電話通信方式でネットワーク3を介して通信する。
(c1)電力制御対象に供給される電力を電力量計42で検針し、検針データを定期的(30分毎)に電力供給元に送信する機能
(c2)電力供給元60と情報をやりとりする機能
(c3)電力制御対象である負荷装置14の電力供給を制御する機能
(c4)電気料金(電力会社からフィードバック値またはスマートメータ40内部での換算値)や電気使用量(時間帯別の使用履歴)を取得し、需要家に提示する機能
図3では、管理システム70は、複数の自動販売機10a~10e(以下、特に区別する必要がない場合は、単に「自動販売機10」と示す。)を管理する。本明細書の各図において、自動販売機10の台数は、図示されている台数に限定されるものではない。管理システム70は、複数の自動販売機10a~10eと、公衆回線網5経由でネットワーク3bを介して通信し、自動販売機10a~10eから情報を取得、または自動販売機10に指示を行う。
また、複数のスマートメータ40a~40e間は、上述したように、920MHz帯を使用する特定小電力無線方式で互いに通信してもよい。
(d1)1:N無線通信方式
本実施形態の通信方式であり、3GやLTE等の携帯電話通信方式を利用して通信する。基地局(不図示)との間で比較的高い出力で通信するので、通信距離が長く、通信の安定性もよい。たとえば、山間部等建物が点在するエリアでの適用が好ましい。
(d2)無線マルチホップ通信
隣接ノード(スマートメータ40)と比較的低い出力の無線を使用して通信して、データを伝送(転送)し、最終的にセンタ(不図示)側とのゲートウェイとなるコンセントレータ(不図示)でデータを集める。たとえば、一般の住宅エリアでの適用が好ましい。この構成については後述する実施例で説明する。
(d3)PLC(Power Line Communications)方式
電力線を通信媒体として使用して通信する。たとえば、高層建造物の密集エリアでの適用が好ましい。
(e)需要制御情報
本発明において、電力供給元60から発信される需要制御情報は、以下の少なくともいずれか1つの経路で電力制御対象である自動販売機10に送信される。
(e1)需要制御情報は、電力供給元60から管理システム70にネットワーク3aを介して送信され、さらに、管理システム70から公衆回線網5経由で接続されるネットワーク3bを介して複数の電力制御対象(たとえば、自動販売機10a~10e)に転送される。
(e2)需要制御情報は、電力供給元60からスマートメータ40a~40eに公衆回線網5経由で接続されるネットワーク3cを介して送信され、さらに、スマートメータ40a~40eから電力制御対象(たとえば、自動販売機10a~10e)に920MHz帯を使用する特定小電力無線方式でそれぞれ送信される。
(e3)需要制御情報は、電力供給元60からネットワーク3c(または、他の専用ネットワーク)を介して各電力制御対象(たとえば、自動販売機10)に直接送信される。
なお、上記(e2)または(e3)において、所定のスマートメータ40(たとえば、スマートメータ40a)が電力供給元60から需要制御情報を代表して受信して、受信した需要制御情報を他のスマートメータ40に転送し、他のスマートメータ40(たとえば、スマートメータ40b~40)間で伝播してもよい。
本発明において、消費電力情報は、スマートメータ40で検針および積算され、保持され、以下の少なくともいずれか1つの経由で、電力供給元60または管理システム70に送信される。
(f1)消費電力情報は、各スマートメータ40から電力供給元60に公衆回線網5経由で接続されるネットワーク3cを介して送信される。
(f2)消費電力情報は、複数のスマートメータ40a~40eから複数の自動販売機10a~10eに920MHz帯を使用する特定小電力無線方式でそれぞれ送信される。
(f3)各自動販売機10から管理システム70に公衆回線網5経由で接続されるネットワーク3bを介して送信される。
次に、本発明の通信モジュール(図2の通信モジュール30または通信モジュール50)について、以下に説明する。
図4は、本発明の実施の形態に係る電力制御対象である自動販売機10に搭載される通信モジュール110の構成を示すブロック図である。
通信モジュール110は、CPU(Central Processing Unit)112と、メモリ114と、I/F(InterFace)部116と、第1通信部120と、第2通信部122と、を備える。
図4の通信モジュール110は、図1の制御装置100、および図2の通信モジュール30に相当する。
コンピュータプログラム90を記録する記録媒体は、非一時的な有形のコンピュータが使用可能な媒体を含み、その媒体に、コンピュータが読み取り可能なプログラムコードが埋め込まれる。
コンピュータプログラム90が、コンピュータ上で実行されたとき、コンピュータに、制御装置を実現する制御方法を実行させる。
第2通信部122は、3GやLTE等の携帯電話通信方式での通信を行う。本実施形態では、第2通信部122は、管理システム70と通信する。
本実施形態では、たとえば、第1通信部120が図1の通信部102に相当し、第2通信部122が図1の取得部104に相当する。なお、他の例では、第1通信部120が図1の通信部102と取得部104の両方に相当してもよい。
本実施形態では、これらの機能をそれぞれ実現する負荷装置14の機能の動作を個別または総合的に制御部106(図1)が制御することで、自動販売機10に関連する消費電力量を制御することができる。
さらに、制御部106(図1)は、自動販売機10と並設される防犯カメラ(不図示)の動作を制御してもよく、これにより自動販売機10に関連する消費電力量をさらに制御することができる。
パーキング(不図示)であれば、パーキングに関連する電力を消費する機能である、発券機、駐車場内の照明、ゲートバーの駆動装置、および料金精算機等の少なくともいずれか1つの動作を制御部106(図1)が制御することで、パーキングに関連する消費電力量を制御してもよい。
次に、本実施形態で電力制御対象の電力量を計測するスマートメータ40の構成について以下説明する。
図5は、本発明の実施の形態に係るスマートメータ40の構成を示す機能ブロック図である。
スマートメータ40は、自動販売機10の電力量を計測する電力量計42と、CPU142と、メモリ144と、第1通信部150と、第2通信部152と、を備える。
図6は、本発明の実施の形態に係る制御装置100の動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。
本実施形態の制御方法は、制御装置100が、電力量計42から電力制御対象(自動販売機10)の消費電力情報を受信し(ステップS101)、少なくとも1つの電力供給元60からの需要制御情報を取得し(ステップS103)、消費電力情報と、需要制御情報とに基づいて、電力制御対象(自動販売機10)の運転を制御する(ステップS105)。
<制御例1>
図7は、本発明の実施の形態に係る制御装置100による電力制御対象の運転の制御例を示すフローチャートである。
この例では、ピーク時料金適用通知を示すデマンドレスポンスに基づいて、自動販売機10の消費電力量のピークを、電気料金が安い時間帯に変更する。このとき、制御部106は、どの程度の電力を、どこの時間帯にシフトするかを、過去の消費電力量の履歴情報を元に、より適切に決定する。
このとき、制御部106は、シフトさせる消費電力量、制御対象とする負荷装置14、または、停止時間と、シフト後の運転時間の時刻や長さ等を、消費電力情報と料金単価の両方の情報を元に決定する。
たとえば、負荷装置14が冷却装置132の場合、消費電力量がピークを超えている13時から15時は、気温が高い時間帯にあたるため、冷却装置132の運転を停止すると、自動販売機10の庫内の温度が上昇する可能性がある。そこで、この運転停止時間帯より前までに通常時より自動販売機10の庫内温度をより低くしておくことで、温度が上昇しても庫内の商品が暖まらないようにすることができる。図8(c)は冷却装置132の通常時の運転スケジュールの例を示している。図8(c)の例では、10時から16時の間、運転されている。そのため、制御部106は、図8(d)に示すように、より早い時間(6時)から長時間(7時間)冷却運転するように冷却装置132の運転を制御する。そして、制御部106は、さらに、運転を停止していた間(13時から16時)に自動販売機10の庫内の温度が上昇した分を、後で冷やすために運転時間を通常時(16時まで)より遅くまで(18時まで)延期するように冷却装置132の運転を制御する。
図9は、本発明の実施の形態に係る制御装置100による電力制御対象の運転の制御例を示すフローチャートである。
この例では、デマンドレスポンスが、需要調整による報酬の通知を示し、消費電力量が閾値W2を超えない場合に、インセンティブが付与されることが通知されたものとする。この需要調整による報酬の通知を示すデマンドレスポンスに基づいて、自動販売機10の消費電力量が需要調整で指定された閾値W2を超えないように、運転を制御する負荷装置を選択する。
なお、ステップS111およびステップS113は図7と同様であるので、説明は省略する。
ステップS111で取得したデマンドレスポンスには、需要調整の要請と、負荷削減による報酬の通知が含まれていたものとする(ステップS121のYES)。
また、制御部106は、消費電力の履歴情報に基づいて、シフト後の消費電力量が閾値W2を超えないように運転時間帯とシフトする電力量を決定する。
図11は、本発明の実施の形態に係る制御装置を利用して自動販売機10の電力を制御するシステムの構成例を示すブロック図である。図12は、本発明の実施の形態に係る制御装置200の論理的な構成を示す機能ブロック図である。
上記実施形態では、1つの電力供給元60から電力の供給を受ける構成について説明した。本発明の実施の形態に係る制御装置200は、図1の上記実施形態の制御装置100とは、需要制御情報に基づいて、電力の供給を受ける電力供給元を複数の電力供給元62の中から選択する構成を有する点で相違する。
複数の電力供給元と需要家の間をアグリゲータと呼ばれる組織が仲介して、需要家のニーズに合うように複数の電力を調整して供給する仕組みを採用している国もある。
このような情勢の中、電力供給を受ける電力供給元を複数の中から適正に選択できるようになることが望ましい。
たとえば、スマートメータ40が、複数の電力供給元62から受電する手段と、受電した複数の電力供給元62からの電気を切り替えて自動販売機10に供給する手段と、を備える電力切替装置を含んでもよい。
なお、具体的な電力の切替方法については、本発明の本質には関わらないので詳細な説明は省略する。
(g1)電気料金の単価が安い(単価が閾値以下)
(g2)供給される電力が安定している(出力変動が閾値以内)、または停電していない(出力が閾値以上)
(g3)負荷削減指示が出ていない(要請されている削減量が閾値以下)
(g4)必要な消費電力量分の電力が給電される(出力が閾値以上)
(g5)インセンティブがよい(ユーザが契約内容を比較し、予め優先順位を設定)
図13は、本発明の実施の形態に係る制御装置200の動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。
本実施形態の制御方法は、図6の上記実施形態の制御装置100の動作手順を示すフローチャートと同様なステップS101およびステップS105を含むとともに、さらに、ステップS201~ステップS205を含む。
(h1)定期的(1時間おき等)
(h2)翌日または翌週等の給電スケジュールを決定する(電力供給元62を選択する)所定の時刻
(h3)電力供給元62からデマンドレスポンスを受信した後
(h4)電力制御対象の負荷(または消費電力量)が大きく変動する前(予測)、または変動した後(実測)等に随時
(h5)気象情報に基づいて、または緊急(災害、事故発生、燃料費高騰等)時に、電力供給元62毎の供給電力量(または電気料金)が大きく変動する前(予測)、または変動した後(実測)等に随時
(h6)インセンティブが適用される任意の日時や期間等
制御装置200は、複数の電力供給元62の中から、需要制御情報および消費電力情報に基づいて、1つの電力供給元をユーザのニーズに合わせて選択して電力供給を受けることができるので、電気料金を抑えたり、安定的に電力の供給を受けたりすることができる。
さらに、従来、アグリゲータ64が担っていた電力供給元62の分配調整を、本発明の実施の形態に係る制御装置200によれば、需要家が動的に選択できるようにもなる。
上記実施形態では、電力制御対象が、需要制御情報と自身の消費電力情報とに基づいて運転を制御する構成について説明した。本発明の実施の形態に係る制御装置は、上記実施形態の制御装置とは、複数の電力制御対象が消費電力情報を交換して、周辺の電力制御対象の情報も考慮して運転を制御する点で相違する。
以下、本実施形態では、図1の上記実施形態の制御装置100の構成を有するものとして説明する。しかし、本実施形態の制御装置は、図12の上記実施形態の制御装置200の構成を含んでもよい。
制御部106は、さらに、他の電力制御対象(自動販売機10)に関する消費電力情報および運転情報の少なくとも1つに基づいて、複数の電力制御対象(自動販売機10)の運転をそれぞれ制御する。
また、自動販売機10同士が直接情報交換する構成では、各自動販売機10の通信モジュール30の第1通信部(920MHz)120(図4)を用いて自動販売機10同士が通信する。あるいは、各自動販売機10の通信モジュール30の第2通信部(3G)122(図4)を用いて、公衆回線網5(図3)を介して自動販売機10同士が通信してもよい。
図14では、上記実施形態の図3で示した自動販売機10およびスマートメータ40が公衆回線網5を経由して各ネットワーク3に接続する通信経路(実績および一点鎖線の矢印)は省略し、図示していない。図14では、複数の自動販売機10にそれぞれ接続される複数のスマートメータ40が、図5の第1通信部150(920MHz)を使用して互いに消費電力情報および運転情報の少なくとも1つを含む情報を通信して交換する経路を、破線の矢印で示してある。各スマートメータ40間で情報はマルチホップ通信で交換され、コンセントレータ68に集約されて電力供給元60に送信することができる。
本実施形態では、複数のスマートメータ40間で交換された情報は、各スマートメータ40のメモリ144(図5)に蓄積することができる。
なお、マルチホップ通信方法については、本発明の本質に関わらないので詳細な説明は省略する。
(i1)電力不足が予測される(または現在電力不足中の)電力制御対象(自動販売機10)に、電力余剰(供給過多または充電量に余裕が有る)が予測される(または現在電力不足中の)他の電力制御対象(自動販売機10)が電力を分け、トータルで消費電力量を制御する。
具体的には、電力が不足している電力制御対象が、他の電力制御対象に電力供給を要請する。電力余剰の自動販売機10から他の電力制御対象へ電力を分ける場合は、自動販売機10同士が隣接しており、電力を融通可能な専用の電力線などで繋がっていることが望ましい。
なお、電力余剰が予測される場合、余剰分の電力について売電を行い、受け取った金額で電力が不足している自動販売機10において電力購入してもよい。その結果として、電力余剰の自動販売機10から電力が不足している自動販売機10に、余剰分の電力を分けたと見なすことができる。
あるいは、電力余剰の自動販売機10に備えられた蓄電池20に充電されている電力を放電して電力が不足している自動販売機10に電力融通を行う。または、直接的な電力の融通は行わずに、電力余剰の自動販売機10に供給する電力を減少させ、電力不足の自動販売機10に機器する電力を増加させてもよい。
(i2)電力制御対象(自動販売機10)毎に負荷装置14の運転時間をずらして負荷分散する。
(i3)販売促進エリアの自動販売機10に対する消費電力量の制限閾値を高く設定し、運転停止時間を短くし、その他のエリアの自動販売機10に対する閾値は低く設定することで、トータルで消費電力量を制御する。
(i4)電力供給元の需給状況(たとえば、停電等)を他の電力供給元から受電している他の電力制御対象に通知し、状況に応じて互いに補完し合う。
電力制御指示は、管理システム70から定期的または随時送信されてもよいし、電力制御対象(自動販売機10)からの要求に呼応して管理システム70から送信されてもよい。
管理システム70からの電力制御指示は以下に例示されるが、これらに限定されない。
(j1)エリア別(または個別)の消費電力量の制限(負荷削減)指示
(j2)エリア別の運転スケジュールの指示
(j3)エリアの特性に応じた指示
たとえば、観光行楽地、繁華街、商店街、商業地、住宅地、農村部、山間部、幹線道路沿い、パーキングエリア周辺部等のエリア毎に適した制御指示を行ってもよい。たとえば、行楽地の自動販売機10に対して、管理システム70から祝休日は運転停止しない等の指示を送信してもよい。
本発明の実施の形態に係る制御装置は、上記実施形態の制御装置とは、電力制御対象の自動販売機10の販売数等の商品情報をさらに加味して電力制御対象の運転を制御する点で相違する。本実施形態の制御装置は、他の上記実施形態の制御装置の少なくともいずれかと同様な構成を有することができる。以下、本実施形態の制御装置は、図1の制御装置100と同様な構成を有するものとして説明する。
制御装置100は、自動販売機10における時間別の商品の販売数または在庫量の変動を示す商品情報を取得する商品情報取得部(不図示)をさらに備える。
制御部106は、さらに、商品の販売数または在庫量の変動に基づいて、自動販売機10の運転を制御する。
(k1)販売数が多い時間帯(または地域)には、負荷装置14の運転は停止しない。
(k2)販売数が少ない時間帯(または地域)は、負荷装置14の運転停止の対象とする。
(k3)在庫量の変動が大きい場合は、温度調整が必要なので、在庫量の変動が大きい自動販売機10は、負荷削減の対象から外す。
(k4)在庫量の変動が少ない場合は、温度調整処理を控えることができるので、在庫量の変動が少ない自動販売機10は、冷却装置132や加熱装置134の運転停止の対象とする。
上記実施形態では、管理システム70が複数の電力制御対象(自動販売機10)を管理する構成について説明した。本発明の実施の形態に係る制御装置は、上記実施形態とは、管理システム70によって管理されずに、制御装置のみが電力制御対象の運転を制御する構成を有する点で相違する。
図15は、本発明の実施の形態に係る制御装置を構成する通信モジュール510の構成を示すブロック図である。
図15の通信モジュール510の第1通信部120は、上述した図1の制御装置100または図12の制御装置200の通信部102または取得部104に相当する。
上述した図1の制御装置100または図12の制御装置200の各構成要素は、図15に示される、CPU112、メモリ114、メモリ114にロードされる図1または図12の構成要素を実現するプログラム520、そのプログラム520を格納するROM(Read Only Memory)やフラッシュメモリなどの記憶ユニット(不図示)、I/F部116(あるいは、第1通信部120)を備える任意のコンピュータのハードウェアとソフトウェアの任意の組合せ(所謂「ファームウェア」)によって実現される。そして、その実現方法、装置にはいろいろな変形例があることは、当業者には理解されるところである。
図16は、本実施形態の制御装置の動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。この例では、上記実施形態で管理システム70またはスマートメータ40経由で電力供給元60から受信していた需要制御情報を用いずに制御を行う。
本実施形態の制御方法は、制御装置100(または制御装置200)が、電力量計42から電力制御対象(自動販売機10)の消費電力情報を受信し(ステップS101)、消費電力情報に基づいて、電力制御対象(自動販売機10)の運転を制御する(ステップS105)。
本実施形態の制御方法は、制御装置100(制御装置200)が、少なくとも1つの電力供給元60からの需要制御情報を取得し(ステップS103)、需要制御情報に基づいて、電力制御対象(自動販売機10)の運転を制御する(ステップS105)。
(位置情報に基づく制御)
たとえば、上記実施形態の電力制御対象、制御装置、および電力量計の少なくともいずれか1つが、GPS(Global Positioning System)を備えてもよい。
制御装置は、GPSから位置情報を取得する位置情報取得部(不図示)をさらに備えてもよい。
本実施例では、電力供給元60から通知される需要制御情報が、時間帯別電気料金情報を含む。
需要制御情報は、電力供給元60から、管理システム70またはスマートメータ40経由で配信され、取得部104が取得する。
本実施例において、制御部106は、需要制御情報に基づいて、電気料金が高い時間帯は、冷却装置132および加熱装置134の運転を停止する。
本実施例では、電力供給元60から通知される需要制御情報が、時間帯別電気料金情報を含む。
需要制御情報は、電力供給元60から、管理システム70またはスマートメータ40経由で配信され、取得部104が取得する。
本実施例において、制御部106は、電気料金が安い時間帯に、蓄電池20に充電させ、電気料金が高い時間帯に、蓄電池20に放電させるように、蓄電池20の運転を制御する。これにより、電気料金が高い時間帯に電力供給元60から供給される電気の使用量を抑制できる。
本実施例では、電力供給元60から通知される需要制御情報が、地域単位レベルなどでの直接負荷制御情報を含む。
需要制御情報は、電力供給元60から対象地域のスマートメータ40に配信され、スマートメータ40経由で取得部104が取得する。このとき、通信モジュール110の第1通信部120(920MHz)が需要制御情報を受信する。
本実施例において、制御部106は、受信した直接負荷制御情報に従い、負荷装置14の運転を制御する。
この構成によれば、電力逼迫時等に、地域単位レベルなどで、きめ細やかな負荷制御が可能になる。
本実施例では、電力供給元62のA社の電力を利用中に、他の電力供給元62のC社が、タイムサービスなどで一時的に電気料金を低減させたとする。その情報が需要制御情報に含まれ、管理システム70またはスマートメータ40経由で配信され、取得部104が取得する。
この構成によれば、たとえば、新興のC社がタイムサービスなどで一時的に電気料金を低減させた場合に、一時的に料金の安い電力を利用できるので、電気料金を効率よく低減することができる。
本実施例では、気象条件等の情報により、再生エネルギーが中心のC社の電力料金が高騰すること、または供給される電力が不安定になることを予測する。
選択部202は、気象条件等の情報により上記予測を行い、予測結果に基づいて、C社以外のA社またはB社を選択し、電力切替指示部204に通知する。電力切替指示部204は、A社またはB社に電力供給元62を切り替えるように管理システム70またはスマートメータ40経由で指示する。
なお、本発明において利用者に関する情報を取得、利用する場合は、これを適法に行うものとする。
1. 制御装置が、
電力量計から電力制御対象の消費電力情報を受信し、
少なくとも1つの電力供給元からの需要制御情報を取得し、
前記消費電力情報と、前記需要制御情報とに基づいて、前記電力制御対象の運転を制御する、制御装置の制御方法。
2. 1.に記載の制御装置の制御方法において、
前記制御装置が、さらに、
取得した複数の電力供給元からの前記需要制御情報と、受信した前記消費電力情報と、に基づいて、複数の電力供給元の中から少なくとも1つの電力供給元を選択し、
前記電力制御対象に供給される電力を前記選択された電力供給元から供給される電力に切り替えるように電力切替装置に指示する制御装置の制御方法。
3. 1.または2.に記載の制御装置の制御方法において、
前記制御装置が、
他の電力制御対象の前記消費電力情報および運転情報の少なくとも1つをさらに取得し、
さらに、前記他の電力制御対象に関する前記消費電力情報および前記運転情報の少なくとも1つに基づいて、複数の前記電力制御対象の運転をそれぞれ制御する制御装置の制御方法。
4. 3.に記載の制御装置の制御方法において、
前記制御装置が、
前記電力量計を介して前記他の電力制御対象の前記消費電力情報および前記運転情報の少なくとも1つを取得する制御装置の制御方法。
5. 3.または4.に記載の制御装置の制御方法において、
前記制御装置が、
前記他の電力制御対象の前記消費電力情報および前記運転情報の少なくとも1つを直接取得する制御装置の制御方法。
6. 3.乃至5.いずれか1つに記載の制御装置の制御方法において、
前記制御装置が、
さらに、管理装置から電力制御指示を取得し、
さらに、前記電力制御指示に基づいて、複数の前記電力制御対象の運転をそれぞれ制御する制御装置の制御方法。
7. 1.乃至6.いずれか1つに記載の制御装置の制御方法において、
前記需要制御情報は、時間帯ごとに異なる電気料金の情報を含み、
前記制御装置が、
前記電気料金と、前記電力制御対象の消費電力情報の履歴情報とに基づいて、今後の前記電力制御対象の前記時間帯ごとの消費電力量を決定し、決定された前記消費電力量に基づいて、前記電力制御対象の運転を制御する制御装置の制御方法。
8. 7.に記載の制御装置の制御方法において、
前記制御装置が、
前記消費電力情報の履歴情報に基づいて、消費電力量が所定値を超える時間帯があると判断すると、前記電力制御対象の運転を停止する制御装置の制御方法。
9. 1.乃至8.いずれか1つに記載の制御装置の制御方法において、
前記需要制御情報は、前記電力制御対象の消費電力量が所定値以下の場合にインセンティブが付与されることを示す情報を含み、
前記制御装置が、
前記所定値と、前記電力制御対象の消費電力情報の履歴情報とに基づいて、今後の前記電力制御対象の消費電力量を決定し、決定された前記消費電力量に基づいて、前記電力制御対象の運転を制御する制御装置の制御方法。
10. 9.に記載の制御装置の制御方法において、
前記制御装置が、
前記消費電力情報の履歴情報に基づいて、消費電力量が前記所定値を超えると判断すると、前記電力制御対象の運転を停止する制御装置の制御方法。
11. 10.に記載の制御装置の制御方法において、
前記制御装置が、
気象情報に基づいて、電力を消費する装置の中から運転を停止する装置を選択する制御装置の制御方法。
12. 1.乃至11.いずれか1つに記載の制御装置の制御方法において、
前記電力制御対象は自動販売機であり、
前記制御装置が、
前記自動販売機における時間別の商品の販売数または在庫量の変動を示す商品情報をさらに取得し、
さらに、前記商品の販売数または在庫量の変動に基づいて、前記電力制御対象の前記運転を制御する制御装置の制御方法。
13. 1.乃至12.いずれか1つに記載の制御装置の制御方法において、
前記制御装置は、
前記電力制御対象内に組み込まれる、または、前記電力制御対象の外部に設置される制御装置の制御方法。
14. 1.乃至13.いずれか1つに記載の制御装置の制御方法において、
前記電力制御対象は、温度調整機能を有し、
前記制御装置が、
前記電力制御対象の前記温度調整機能の動作を制御する制御装置の制御方法。
15. 1.乃至14.いずれか1つに記載の制御装置の制御方法において、
前記電力制御対象は、蓄電池または発電機を含み、
前記制御装置が、
前記蓄電池または前記発電機の運転を制御する制御装置の制御方法。
16. 2.に記載の制御装置の制御方法において、
前記電力量計は、前記電力制御対象に供給される電力を複数の電力供給元から供給される電力に切り替える電力切替装置を含み、
前記制御装置が、
前記電力制御対象に供給される電力を前記選択された電力供給元から供給される電力に切り替えるように前記電力切替装置に指示する制御装置の制御方法。
少なくとも1つの電力供給元からの需要制御情報を取得する手順、
前記消費電力情報と、前記需要制御情報とに基づいて、前記電力制御対象の運転を制御する手順、をコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラム。
18. 17.に記載のプログラムにおいて、
取得した複数の電力供給元からの前記需要制御情報と、受信した前記消費電力情報と、に基づいて、複数の電力供給元の中から少なくとも1つの電力供給元を選択する手順、
前記電力制御対象に供給される電力を前記選択された電力供給元から供給される電力に切り替えるように電力切替装置に指示する手順、をさらにコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラム。
19. 17.または18.に記載のプログラムにおいて、
他の電力制御対象の前記消費電力情報および運転情報の少なくとも1つをさらに取得する手順、
前記他の電力制御対象に関する前記消費電力情報および前記運転情報の少なくとも1つに基づいて、複数の前記電力制御対象の運転をそれぞれ制御する手順、をさらにコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラム。
20. 19.に記載のプログラムにおいて、
前記電力量計を介して前記他の電力制御対象の前記消費電力情報および前記運転情報の少なくとも1つを取得する手順をさらにコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラム。
21. 19.または20.に記載のプログラムにおいて、
前記他の電力制御対象の前記消費電力情報および前記運転情報の少なくとも1つを直接取得する手順をさらにコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラム。
22. 19.乃至21.いずれか1つに記載のプログラムにおいて、
管理装置から電力制御指示を取得する手順、
前記電力制御指示に基づいて、複数の前記電力制御対象の運転をそれぞれ制御する手順、をさらにコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラム。
23. 17.乃至22.いずれか1つに記載のプログラムにおいて、
前記需要制御情報は、時間帯ごとに異なる電気料金の情報を含み、
前記電気料金と、前記電力制御対象の消費電力情報の履歴情報とに基づいて、今後の前記電力制御対象の前記時間帯ごとの消費電力量を決定し、決定された前記消費電力量に基づいて、前記電力制御対象の運転を制御する手順、をさらにコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラム。
24. 23.に記載のプログラムにおいて、
前記消費電力情報の履歴情報に基づいて、消費電力量が所定値を超える時間帯があると判断すると、前記電力制御対象の運転を停止する手順、をさらにコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラム。
25. 17.乃至24.いずれか1つに記載のプログラムにおいて、
前記需要制御情報は、前記電力制御対象の消費電力量が所定値以下の場合にインセンティブが付与されることを示す情報を含み、
前記所定値と、前記電力制御対象の消費電力情報の履歴情報とに基づいて、今後の前記電力制御対象の消費電力量を決定し、決定された前記消費電力量に基づいて、前記電力制御対象の運転を制御する手順、をさらにコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラム。
26. 25.に記載のプログラムにおいて、
前記消費電力情報の履歴情報に基づいて、消費電力量が前記所定値を超えると判断すると、前記電力制御対象の運転を停止する手順をさらにコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラム。
27. 26.に記載のプログラムにおいて、
気象情報に基づいて、電力を消費する装置の中から運転を停止する装置を選択する手順をさらにコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラム。
28. 17.乃至27.いずれか1つに記載のプログラムにおいて、
前記電力制御対象は自動販売機であり、
前記自動販売機における時間別の商品の販売数または在庫量の変動を示す商品情報を取得する手順、
前記商品の販売数または在庫量の変動に基づいて、前記電力制御対象の前記運転を制御する手順、をさらにコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラム。
29. 17.乃至28.いずれか1つに記載のプログラムにおいて、
前記コンピュータは、
前記電力制御対象内に組み込まれる、または、前記電力制御対象の外部に設置されるプログラム。
30. 17.乃至29.いずれか1つに記載のプログラムにおいて、
前記電力制御対象は、温度調整機能を有し、
前記電力制御対象の前記温度調整機能の動作を制御する手順をさらにコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラム。
31. 17.乃至30.いずれか1つに記載のプログラムにおいて、
前記電力制御対象は、蓄電池または発電機を含み、
前記蓄電池または前記発電機の運転を制御する手順をさらにコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラム。
32. 18.に記載のプログラムにおいて、
前記電力量計は、前記電力制御対象に供給される電力を複数の電力供給元から供給される電力に切り替える電力切替装置を含み、
前記電力制御対象に供給される電力を前記選択された電力供給元から供給される電力に切り替えるように前記電力切替装置に指示する手順をさらにコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラム。
少なくとも1つの電力供給元からの需要制御情報を取得する取得手段と、
前記消費電力情報と、前記需要制御情報とに基づいて、前記電力制御対象の運転を制御する制御手段と、
を備える制御装置。
34. 33.に記載の制御装置において、
前記取得手段が取得した複数の電力供給元からの前記需要制御情報と、前記通信手段が受信した前記消費電力情報と、に基づいて、複数の電力供給元の中から少なくとも1つの電力供給元を選択する選択手段と、
前記電力制御対象に供給される電力を前記選択された電力供給元から供給される電力に切り替えるように電力切替装置に指示する電力切替指示手段と、
をさらに備える制御装置。
35. 33.または34.に記載の制御装置において、
前記通信手段は、他の電力制御対象の前記消費電力情報および運転情報の少なくとも1つをさらに取得し、
前記制御手段は、さらに、前記他の電力制御対象に関する前記消費電力情報および前記運転情報の少なくとも1つに基づいて、複数の前記電力制御対象の運転をそれぞれ制御する制御装置。
36. 35.に記載の制御装置において、
前記通信手段は、前記電力量計を介して前記他の電力制御対象の前記消費電力情報および前記運転情報の少なくとも1つを取得する制御装置。
37. 35.または36.に記載の制御装置において、
前記通信手段は、前記他の電力制御対象の前記消費電力情報および前記運転情報の少なくとも1つを直接取得する制御装置。
38. 35.乃至37.いずれか1つに記載の制御装置において、
前記取得手段は、さらに、管理装置から電力制御指示を取得し、
前記制御手段は、さらに、前記電力制御指示に基づいて、複数の前記電力制御対象の運転をそれぞれ制御する制御装置。
39. 33.乃至38.いずれか1つに記載の制御装置において、
前記電力制御対象は自動販売機であり、
前記自動販売機における時間別の商品の販売数または在庫量の変動を示す商品情報を取得する商品情報取得手段をさらに備え、
前記制御手段は、さらに、前記商品の販売数または在庫量の変動に基づいて、前記電力制御対象の前記運転を制御する制御装置。
40. 33.乃至39.いずれか1つに記載の制御装置において、
前記制御手段は、前記電力制御対象内に組み込まれる、または、前記電力制御対象の外部に設置される制御装置。
41. 33.乃至40.いずれか1つに記載の制御装置において、
前記電力制御対象は、温度調整機能を有し、
前記制御手段は、前記電力制御対象の前記温度調整機能の動作を制御する制御装置。
42. 33.乃至41.いずれか1つに記載の制御装置において、
前記電力制御対象は、蓄電池または発電機を含み、
前記制御手段は、前記蓄電池または前記発電機の運転を制御する制御装置。
43. 34.に記載の制御装置において、
前記電力量計は、前記電力制御対象に供給される電力を複数の電力供給元から供給される電力に切り替える電力切替装置を含み、
前記電力切替指示手段は、前記電力制御対象に供給される電力を前記選択された電力供給元から供給される電力に切り替えるように前記電力切替装置に指示する制御装置。
Claims (18)
- 電力量計から電力制御対象の消費電力情報を受信する通信手段と、
少なくとも1つの電力供給元からの需要制御情報を取得する取得手段と、
前記消費電力情報と、前記需要制御情報とに基づいて、前記電力制御対象の運転を制御する制御手段と、
を備える制御装置。 - 前記取得手段が取得した複数の電力供給元からの前記需要制御情報と、前記通信手段が受信した前記消費電力情報と、に基づいて、複数の電力供給元の中から少なくとも1つの電力供給元を選択する選択手段と、
前記電力制御対象に供給される電力を前記選択された電力供給元から供給される電力に切り替えるように電力切替装置に指示する電力切替指示手段と、
をさらに備える請求項1に記載の制御装置。 - 前記通信手段は、他の電力制御対象の前記消費電力情報および運転情報の少なくとも1つをさらに取得し、
前記制御手段は、さらに、前記他の電力制御対象に関する前記消費電力情報および前記運転情報の少なくとも1つに基づいて、複数の前記電力制御対象の運転をそれぞれ制御する請求項1または2に記載の制御装置。 - 前記通信手段は、前記電力量計を介して前記他の電力制御対象の前記消費電力情報および前記運転情報の少なくとも1つを取得する請求項3に記載の制御装置。
- 前記通信手段は、前記他の電力制御対象の前記消費電力情報および前記運転情報の少なくとも1つを直接取得する請求項3または4に記載の制御装置。
- 前記取得手段は、さらに、管理装置から電力制御指示を取得し、
前記制御手段は、さらに、前記電力制御指示に基づいて、複数の前記電力制御対象の運転をそれぞれ制御する請求項3乃至5いずれか1項に記載の制御装置。 - 前記需要制御情報は、時間帯ごとに異なる電気料金の情報を含み、
前記制御手段は、前記電気料金と、前記電力制御対象の消費電力情報の履歴情報とに基づいて、今後の前記電力制御対象の前記時間帯ごとの消費電力量を決定し、決定された前記消費電力量に基づいて、前記電力制御対象の運転を制御する請求項1乃至6いずれか1項に記載の制御装置。 - 前記制御手段は、前記消費電力情報の履歴情報に基づいて、消費電力量が所定値を超える時間帯があると判断すると、前記電力制御対象の運転を停止する請求項7に記載の制御装置。
- 前記需要制御情報は、前記電力制御対象の消費電力量が所定値以下の場合にインセンティブが付与されることを示す情報を含み、
前記制御手段は、前記所定値と、前記電力制御対象の消費電力情報の履歴情報とに基づいて、今後の前記電力制御対象の消費電力量を決定し、決定された前記消費電力量に基づいて、前記電力制御対象の運転を制御する請求項1から8いずれか1項に記載の制御装置。 - 前記制御手段は、前記消費電力情報の履歴情報に基づいて、消費電力量が前記所定値を超えると判断すると、前記電力制御対象の運転を停止する請求項9に記載の制御装置。
- 前記制御手段は、気象情報に基づいて、電力を消費する装置の中から運転を停止する装置を選択する請求項10に記載の制御装置。
- 前記電力制御対象は自動販売機であり、
前記自動販売機における時間別の商品の販売数または在庫量の変動を示す商品情報を取得する商品情報取得手段をさらに備え、
前記制御手段は、さらに、前記商品の販売数または在庫量の変動に基づいて、前記電力制御対象の前記運転を制御する請求項1乃至11いずれか1項に記載の制御装置。 - 前記制御手段は、前記電力制御対象内に組み込まれる、または、前記電力制御対象の外部に設置される請求項1乃至12いずれか1項に記載の制御装置。
- 前記電力制御対象は、温度調整機能を有し、
前記制御手段は、前記電力制御対象の前記温度調整機能の動作を制御する請求項1乃至13いずれか1項に記載の制御装置。 - 前記電力制御対象は、蓄電池または発電機を含み、
前記制御手段は、前記蓄電池または前記発電機の運転を制御する請求項1乃至14いずれか1項に記載の制御装置。 - 前記電力量計は、前記電力制御対象に供給される電力を複数の電力供給元から供給される電力に切り替える電力切替装置を含み、
前記電力切替指示手段は、前記電力制御対象に供給される電力を前記選択された電力供給元から供給される電力に切り替えるように前記電力切替装置に指示する請求項2に記載の制御装置。 - 制御装置が、
電力量計から電力制御対象の消費電力情報を受信し、
少なくとも1つの電力供給元からの需要制御情報を取得し、
前記消費電力情報と、前記需要制御情報とに基づいて、前記電力制御対象の運転を制御する、制御装置の制御方法。 - 電力量計から電力制御対象の消費電力情報を受信する手順、
少なくとも1つの電力供給元からの需要制御情報を取得する手順、
前記消費電力情報と、前記需要制御情報とに基づいて、前記電力制御対象の運転を制御する手順、をコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラム。
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