WO2015170683A1 - メトキシフラボンを含むNOX阻害剤及びNFκB阻害剤 - Google Patents
メトキシフラボンを含むNOX阻害剤及びNFκB阻害剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015170683A1 WO2015170683A1 PCT/JP2015/063100 JP2015063100W WO2015170683A1 WO 2015170683 A1 WO2015170683 A1 WO 2015170683A1 JP 2015063100 W JP2015063100 W JP 2015063100W WO 2015170683 A1 WO2015170683 A1 WO 2015170683A1
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- Prior art keywords
- methoxyflavone
- group
- nox
- hydroxy
- disease
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a NOX inhibitor and NF ⁇ B inhibitor containing a specific methoxyflavone, and use thereof.
- NADPH oxidase is an enzyme that is present in neutrophils and the like and is known to produce O 2 ⁇ . Therefore, inhibition of NOX is considered useful for the prevention or treatment of various diseases related to in vivo oxidation.
- NF ⁇ B is a transcription of genes encoding molecules such as pro-inflammatory cytokines (eg TNF ⁇ , IL-1 ⁇ , IL-6), chemokines (eg IL-8, MIP1 ⁇ ), inducible effector enzymes (iNOS and COX-2). Is a transcription factor that regulates and plays an important role in the inflammatory response. It has been shown that activation of the NF ⁇ B pathway can lead to various inflammatory diseases.
- pro-inflammatory cytokines eg TNF ⁇ , IL-1 ⁇ , IL-6
- chemokines eg IL-8, MIP1 ⁇
- iNOS and COX-2 inducible effector enzymes
- Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3 Some of the methoxyflavones contained in plant extracts have been reported to have antioxidant activity. Many of such methoxyflavones have a hydroxy group (Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- Black ginger (Kaempferia parviflora) is a kind of plant belonging to the family Ginger, and is also called black turmeric in Japan. Black ginger is a kind of traditional herb that is also called Kra chadam in Thailand. It is known that black ginger contains not only a methoxyflavone having a hydroxy group but also a methoxyflavone having no hydroxy group (Non-patent Document 4).
- An object of the present invention is to provide a NOX inhibitor and an NF ⁇ B inhibitor having an excellent action, and a preventive or therapeutic agent for diseases caused by NOX and NF ⁇ B.
- R 1 , R 4 , and R 5 are each independently hydrogen or a methoxy group, and R 2 and R 3 are methoxy groups
- the at least one methoxyflavone is 5,7,3 ′, 4′-tetramethoxyflavone, 3,5,7,3 ′, 4′-pentamethoxyflavone, 5,7-dimethoxyflavone, and
- the NOX inhibitor according to [1] which is selected from group A consisting of 5,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone.
- a preventive or therapeutic agent for diseases caused by NOX comprising at least one methoxyflavone described in [1] or [2].
- the prophylactic or therapeutic agent according to [4] selected from the group consisting of sarcopenia (muscle weakness), mitochondrial dysfunction, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease.
- R 1 , R 4 , and R 5 are each independently hydrogen or a methoxy group, and R 2 and R 3 are methoxy groups
- the at least one methoxyflavone comprises 5,7,3 ′, 4′-tetramethoxyflavone, 5,7-dimethoxyflavone, and 5,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone.
- the NF ⁇ B inhibitor according to [7] which is selected.
- a preventive or therapeutic agent for a disease caused by NF ⁇ B comprising at least one methoxyflavone described in [7] or [8].
- the disease is rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, osteoarthritis, osteolysis, tendonitis, sciatica, herniated disc, stenosis, myelopathy, low back pain, facet joint pain, carpal tunnel syndrome , Tarsal tunnel syndrome, post-lumbar pain syndrome, AIDS, arteriosclerosis, asthma, arthritis, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, hepatitis, stroke, dementia, muscle wasting, virus infection, skin aging including photoaging,
- the prophylactic or therapeutic agent according to [10] selected from the group consisting of cancer and aging.
- the disease is allergic disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral infarction, cataract, epilepsy, spinal cord injury, arteriosclerosis, retinopathy of prematurity, nephropathy, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, ulcerative colitis, myocardial infarction, adult breathing Collagen diseases such as tightness syndrome, emphysema, rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, edema, diabetic complications, UV disorders, altitude sickness, porphyria, burns, frostbite, contact dermatitis, shock, multiple organ failure, DIC, cancer
- the prophylactic or therapeutic agent according to [14] selected from the group consisting of: aging, fatigue, sarcopenia (muscular weakness), mitochondrial dysfunction, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease.
- the present invention can provide an NOX inhibitor and an NF ⁇ B inhibitor having an excellent action. Moreover, the preventive or therapeutic agent of the disease resulting from NOX and NF (kappa) B can also be provided using it.
- the methoxy flavone used in the present invention unlike the methoxy flavone that has been found to have an antioxidant effect or the like, exhibits an excellent action such as NOX inhibition despite having no hydroxy group.
- R 1 , R 4 and R 5 are each independently hydrogen or a methoxy group
- R 2 and R 3 are methoxy groups, preferably at least one Is at least 2, more preferably at least 3, more preferably at least 4, more preferably at least 5, more preferably at least 6, more preferably at least 7, more preferably at least 8 methoxyflavones. Use.
- the at least one methoxyflavone is 5,7,3 ′, 4′-tetramethoxyflavone, 3,5,7 , 3 ′, 4′-pentamethoxyflavone, 5,7-dimethoxyflavone, and 5,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone.
- NOX inhibitors or agents for treating or preventing diseases caused by NOX include not only group A methoxyflavones but also other compounds such as 3,5,7-trimethoxyflavone, 3,5 derived from black ginger , 7,4′-tetramethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-3,7,3 ′, 4′-tetramethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavone, 5, It may contain at least one methoxyflavone selected from the group B consisting of -hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone and 5-hydroxy-3,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone.
- the ratio (A / (A + B)) of the total content of group A methoxyflavones to the total content of group A and group B methoxyflavones is preferably 0.65 on a molar basis (or weight basis). More preferably 0.66 or more, more preferably 0.67 or more, more preferably 0.68 or more, more preferably 0.69 or more, more preferably 0.70 or more, more preferably 0.71 or more. is there. There is no upper limit for the ratio, and the ratio may be 1.00 or less.
- the at least one methoxyflavone is 5,7,3 ′, 4′-tetramethoxyflavone, 5,7-dimethoxy. Selected from the group A ′ consisting of flavones and 5,7,4′-trimethoxyflavones.
- NF ⁇ B inhibitors or therapeutic or preventive agents resulting from NF ⁇ B are not only methoxyflavones of group A ′ but also other compounds such as 3,5,7,3 ′, 4′-pentamethoxy derived from black ginger Flavone, 3,5,7-trimethoxyflavone, 3,5,7,4′-tetramethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-3,7,3 ′, 4′-tetramethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy At least selected from the group B ′ consisting of flavone, 5-hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone, and 5-hydroxy-3,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone
- One methoxyflavone may be included.
- the ratio of the total content of methoxyflavone in group A ′ to the total content of methoxyflavone in group A ′ and group B ′ is based on moles (or on a weight basis) Preferably more than 0.48, more preferably 0.49 or more, more preferably 0.50 or more, more preferably 0.51 or more, more preferably 0.52 or more, more preferably 0.53 or more, more Preferably it is 0.54 or more, More preferably, it is 0.55 or more, More preferably, it is 0.60 or more. There is no upper limit for the ratio, and the ratio may be 1.00 or less.
- methoxyflavone is 3 ', 4'-dimethoxyflavone.
- methoxyflavones can be obtained from, for example, black ginger (Kaempferia parviflora) according to the method described in Non-Patent Document 4. Alternatively, it can be obtained, for example, according to the method detailed in Example 1 herein. Black ginger is a kind of plant belonging to the family Ginger, and since it grows naturally in Southeast Asia, it can be easily obtained. It is known that 3 ', 4'-dimethoxyflavone can be extracted from, for example, Lawsonia alba (henna) using a solvent. See, for example, Phytochemistry Letters, 2011, 4, 454-458.
- the type and amount of methoxyflavone contained in the inhibitor and the therapeutic or preventive agent can be adjusted based on a known method as necessary. For example, a specific methoxyflavone can be removed using a known purification method, or a specific purified methoxyflavone can be added to the inhibitor or therapeutic or prophylactic agent.
- an oil and fat extract containing methoxyflavone of the formula (I) can be obtained from black ginger and used.
- the said fat and oil extract is an extract obtained through fat and oil extraction from black ginger.
- the extract contains methoxyflavone and has a reduced dark purple intensity characteristic of black ginger extract.
- the said extract may further contain fats and oils, especially the fats and oils used for extraction.
- the oil or fat extract is considered not to be obtained from black ginger, or from black ginger as a raw material but obtained through oil or fat extraction in terms of the types and ratios of the components contained. It is done.
- an extract obtained from a plant other than black ginger can also contain methoxyflavone, but its type and ratio are considered to be different from the oil or fat extract.
- black ginger is a raw material
- the kind and ratio of methoxyflavone in the extract obtained by methods other than fat extraction, for example, hydrous alcohol extraction differ from the said fat extract.
- oil extraction may be performed directly on black ginger or indirectly, for example, by using a solvent other than oil from black ginger, such as water, a hydrophilic solvent, or a mixture thereof. You may carry out with respect to the extracted liquid.
- the oil and fat extract contains at least one methoxyflavone of formula (I).
- the methoxyflavone is preferably selected from group A.
- the extract may further contain a methoxyflavone selected from group B.
- the fat extract is preferably at least one selected from 11 methoxyflavones of groups A and B, more preferably at least 2, more preferably at least 3, more preferably at least 4, more preferably Includes at least 5, more preferably at least 6, more preferably at least 7, more preferably at least 8, more preferably at least 9, more preferably at least 10, more preferably 11 types.
- the fats and oils that can be used in the production of the fat and oil extract and can be contained in the extract are not particularly limited as long as methoxyflavone can be dissolved.
- the fat is at least one selected from medium-chain fatty acid triglycerides, diacylglycerols, sesame salad oil, olive oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, rice germ oil, sunflower seed oil, perilla oil, and sesame oil. It is.
- the term “medium chain fatty acid” used for medium chain fatty acid triglycerides means a fatty acid having 8 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the fatty acid moieties constituting the triglyceride at least one, preferably two, more preferably three are medium chain fatty acids.
- a solution having a total content of eleven methoxyflavones of Groups A and B of 5.0 mg / ml is prepared from the extract, and the absorbance of the solution at a wavelength of 660 nm is measured.
- the absorbance measured in this manner is 0.10 or less in the oil or fat extract.
- the absorbance is preferably 0.07 or less, more preferably 0.05 or less.
- the absorbance in this specification means the absorbance when the cell length (optical path length) is 10 mm. When the cell length of the apparatus used for the measurement is not 10 mm, the obtained absorbance value is converted into a value when the cell length is 10 mm.
- an appropriate blank is used for absorbance measurement.
- the production method includes extracting one or more methoxyflavones by bringing oil and fat into contact with a plant body of black ginger.
- a typical example of this method is described below.
- a black ginger plant prepared by bringing the plant body or its site
- extraction is performed by bringing the plant body or its part into contact with fats and oils.
- the extraction conditions are not particularly limited as long as methoxyflavone can be extracted. Typical extraction temperatures are 50-180 ° C, 70-170 ° C, 70-150 ° C, 100-150 ° C, or 120-150 ° C.
- the extraction time is typically 1 minute to 1 day, 10 minutes to 10 hours, or 15 minutes to 5 hours.
- the volume of oil used is typically 0.1 to 30 times, or 0.5 to 15 times the weight of black ginger. Examples of the fats and oils used are as described above.
- the oil and fat extract may be produced by bringing black ginger plant into contact with water, a hydrophilic solvent, or a mixture thereof to extract one or more methoxyflavones, and an intermediate extract obtained by the extraction. And extracting the methoxyflavone by contacting the oil with fat.
- a typical example of this method is described below.
- a black ginger plant is prepared in the same manner as described above.
- extraction is performed by bringing the plant or its part into contact with water, a hydrophilic solvent, or a mixture thereof.
- the extraction conditions are not particularly limited as long as methoxyflavone can be extracted. Typical extraction temperatures are room temperature to reflux temperature, 40 ° C. to reflux temperature, 50 ° C. to reflux temperature, reflux temperature, with 50 ° C. to reflux temperature or reflux temperature being preferred.
- the extraction time is typically 1 minute to 1 day, 10 minutes to 10 hours, or 15 minutes to 5 hours.
- the volume of water, hydrophilic solvent or mixture thereof used is typically 0.1 to 30 times, or 0.5 to 15 times the weight of black ginger.
- the hydrophilic solvent used is preferably C 1-3 alcohol and / or acetone, more preferably ethanol.
- extraction is performed using 50 to 100 v / v% ethanol.
- the intermediate extract obtained in this extraction step is subjected to the fat and oil extraction step.
- extraction is performed by bringing the intermediate extract into contact with the fat and oil.
- the extraction conditions are not particularly limited as long as methoxyflavone can be extracted.
- Extraction temperature is not specifically limited, For example, 5 degreeC or more, 10 degreeC or more, 20 degreeC or more, 30 degreeC or more, 40 degreeC, or 50 degreeC or more is performed.
- the upper limit of the extraction temperature is not particularly limited as long as it is not higher than the reflux temperature of water, a hydrophilic solvent, or a mixture thereof.
- the extraction time is typically 1 minute to 1 day, 10 minutes to 10 hours, or 15 minutes to 5 hours.
- the volume of fat used is typically 0.01 to 30 times, or 0.1 to 15 times the weight of black ginger. Examples of the fats and oils used are as described above.
- water, a hydrophilic solvent, or a mixture thereof is evaporated from the intermediate extract before and / or while the oil or fat is contacted with the intermediate extract.
- Evaporation may be performed under normal pressure or under reduced pressure.
- the extraction time is not very important. If evaporation progresses and the amount of water, hydrophilic solvent or a mixture thereof decreases, it is considered that methoxyflavone migrates into the oil and fat, possibly with the hydrophilic solvent.
- methoxyflavone migrates to fats and oils during oil and fat extraction, but the components that produce black purple color of black ginger are considered not to move to fats and oils.
- an oil-containing extract can be obtained. This may be used without further purification, but may be purified if necessary.
- the fat and oil-containing extract may be subjected to a further extraction step to remove the fat and oil. Specifically, water or a hydrophilic solvent or a mixture thereof is brought into contact with the oil / fat-containing extract to extract one or more methoxyflavones.
- a low polarity solvent such as a C 1-8 hydrocarbon such as n-hexane may be added to the oil-containing extract.
- Extraction temperature is not specifically limited, For example, 5 degreeC or more, 10 degreeC or more, 20 degreeC or more, 30 degreeC or more, 40 degreeC, or 50 degreeC or more is performed.
- the upper limit of the extraction temperature is not particularly limited, but may be any temperature below the reflux temperature of water, a hydrophilic solvent or a mixture thereof.
- the extraction time is typically 1 minute to 1 day, 10 minutes to 10 hours, or 15 minutes to 5 hours.
- the volume of water, hydrophilic solvent or mixture thereof used is typically 0.01 to 30 times, or 0.1 to 15 times the weight of the oil or fat extract.
- a two-phase mixture of an oil-and-fat phase derived from the oil-and-fat-containing extract and a phase derived from the water, a hydrophilic solvent, or a mixture thereof is obtained, and this mixture is liquid-liquid separated. Attached.
- the water, hydrophilic solvent, or mixture thereof phase (which is an extract containing methoxyflavone and solvent) can be separated from the fat phase.
- the two-phase mixture may be left still or subjected to centrifugation. A separated extract is then obtained.
- the separated extract contains methoxyflavone and is in the form of a liquid containing a solvent.
- This liquid may be used as it is, or a solvent (water, a hydrophilic solvent, or a mixture thereof) may be removed to obtain an extract in a powder form containing methoxyflavone.
- the method for removing the solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include distillation under normal pressure or reduced pressure, and lyophilization.
- the extract from which the fats and oils have been removed in this way contains a methoxyflavone peculiar to black ginger at a relatively high concentration. This extract may be further purified as necessary.
- the ratio of A / (A + B) and A ′ / (A ′ + B ′) described above is relatively high as compared with the extract obtained using a hydrophilic solvent such as ethanol.
- the preferable range of the ratio in the oil and fat extract is as described above.
- the present invention in one aspect, is a NOX inhibitor or a composition for inhibiting NOX, comprising at least one methoxyflavone of formula (I) (herein, “NOX inhibitor” “A composition for inhibiting NOX” is used interchangeably, and unless otherwise specified, when one is used, it means the other.
- This invention in another aspect, is also a method for inhibiting NOX comprising administering to a subject at least one methoxyflavone of formula (I).
- 3 ′, 4′-dimethoxyflavone can be used instead of or in addition to the methoxyflavone of formula (I).
- the present invention in another aspect, is a preventive or therapeutic agent for a disease caused by NOX, or a composition for the prevention or treatment, which comprises at least one methoxyflavone of formula (I) (this book)
- a preventive or therapeutic agent for a disease caused by NOX and “a composition for preventing or treating a disease caused by NOX” are used interchangeably, and unless otherwise specified, one of them is used. In the case, it shall mean the other).
- the present invention is a method for preventing or treating the disease, comprising administering to the subject at least one of the methoxyflavones.
- Such diseases include atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis (hay fever), allergic conjunctivitis, allergic gastroenteritis, bronchial asthma, childhood asthma, food allergies, drug allergies, urticaria etc., Parkinson's disease , Cerebral infarction, cataract, epilepsy, spinal cord injury, arteriosclerosis, retinopathy of prematurity, nephropathy, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, ulcerative colitis, myocardial infarction, adult respiratory distress syndrome, emphysema, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.
- Vasculitis edema, diabetic complications, UV damage, altitude sickness, porphyria, burn, frostbite, contact dermatitis, shock, multiple organ failure, DIC, cancer, aging, fatigue, sarcopenia (muscular weakness) Mitochondrial dysfunction, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease.
- 3 ', 4'-dimethoxyflavone can be used instead of or in addition to the methoxyflavone of formula (I).
- the present invention is an antioxidant (more specifically, an in vivo antioxidant, suppressor or reducer) comprising at least one methoxyflavone of formula (I), or in vivo oxidation.
- an antioxidant more specifically, an in vivo antioxidant, suppressor or reducer
- It is a composition for preventing, suppressing or reducing (in this specification, “antioxidant”, “in vivo oxidation preventing, suppressing or reducing agent”, “composition for preventing, suppressing or reducing in vivo oxidation”) “Thing” is used interchangeably, and unless stated otherwise, when describing one of these three, it means the other two).
- the present invention is a method for preventing, suppressing or reducing in-vivo oxidation comprising administering to a subject at least one methoxyflavone of formula (I).
- in-vivo oxidation means various oxidation reactions caused by active oxygen in vivo.
- 3 ', 4'-dimethoxyflavone can be used instead of or in addition to the methoxyflavone of formula (I).
- the total content of the methoxyflavone of the formula (I) in the NOX inhibitor of the present invention, the preventive or therapeutic agent for diseases caused by NOX, and the antioxidant is not particularly limited as long as the desired effect is obtained, but preferably 0.01 to 50 w / w%, more preferably 0.1 to 40 w / w%, more preferably 0.5 to 30 w / w%.
- the total intake amount of methoxyflavone of formula (I) per day for adults to exert the above desired effects such as NOX inhibitory action, prevention or treatment of diseases caused by NOX, antioxidant, etc. is preferably 1 to 500 mg More preferably, it is 3 to 200 mg, and further preferably 5 to 100 mg.
- the above amount can also be applied to 3 ', 4'-dimethoxyflavone.
- the present invention is an NF ⁇ B inhibitor or a composition for inhibiting NF ⁇ B, which contains at least one methoxyflavone of formula (I) (herein referred to as “NF ⁇ B inhibitor”).
- NF ⁇ B inhibitor a composition for inhibiting NF ⁇ B, which contains at least one methoxyflavone of formula (I)
- composition for inhibiting NF ⁇ B is used interchangeably, and unless otherwise specified, when one is used, the other is also meant).
- This invention in another aspect, is a method for inhibiting NF ⁇ B comprising administering to a subject at least one methoxyflavone of formula (I).
- 3 ′, 4′-dimethoxyflavone can be used instead of or in addition to the methoxyflavone of formula (I).
- the present invention in another aspect, is a preventive or therapeutic agent for a disease caused by NF ⁇ B, or a composition for the prevention or treatment, comprising at least one methoxyflavone of formula (I) (this book)
- a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for a disease caused by NF ⁇ B and “a composition for a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for a disease caused by NF ⁇ B” are used interchangeably, and unless otherwise specified, If used, it shall mean the other).
- the present invention relates to a method for preventing or treating the disease, which comprises administering to a subject at least one of the methoxyflavones.
- diseases include rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, osteoarthritis, osteolysis, tendonitis, sciatica, herniated disc, stenosis, myelopathy, low back pain, facet joint pain, carpal tunnel syndrome , Tarsal tunnel syndrome, post-lumbar pain syndrome, AIDS, arteriosclerosis, asthma, arthritis, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, hepatitis, stroke, dementia, muscle wasting, virus infection, skin aging including photoaging, And aging.
- 3 ', 4'-dimethoxyflavone can be used instead of or in addition to the methoxyflavone of formula (I).
- the total content of the methoxyflavone of formula (I) in the NF ⁇ B inhibitor and the preventive or therapeutic agent for diseases caused by NF ⁇ B of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the desired effect is obtained, but is preferably 0.01 to 50 w / w%, more preferably 0.1 to 40 w / w%, more preferably 0.5 to 30 w / w%.
- the total intake of methoxyflavone of formula (I) per day for adults to exert the above desired effects such as NF ⁇ B inhibitory action, prevention or treatment of diseases caused by NF ⁇ B is preferably 1 to 500 mg, More preferably, it is 3 to 200 mg, and further preferably 5 to 100 mg.
- the above amount can also be applied to 3 ', 4'-dimethoxyflavone.
- the NOX or NF ⁇ B inhibitor of the present invention, the preventive or therapeutic agent for diseases caused by NOX or NF ⁇ B, and the antioxidant, in addition to the methoxyflavone of the formula (I), are combined with any component as long as the effect is not impaired. May be.
- vitamins such as vitamin E and vitamin C, minerals, hormones, nutritional ingredients, physiologically active ingredients such as fragrances, emulsifiers, tonicity agents (isotonic agents), buffers, Solubilizing agents, preservatives, stabilizers and the like can be appropriately blended.
- the NOX or NF ⁇ B inhibitor, the preventive or therapeutic agent for diseases caused by NOX or NF ⁇ B, and the antioxidant of the present invention are food and drink (functional food, health supplement, nutritional functional food, special purpose food, food for specified health use) , Nutritional supplements, dietary foods, health foods, supplements, etc.), pharmaceuticals, or cosmetics, or as raw materials thereof.
- the food and drink and medicine may be pet food or animal feed processed as pet food, and animal medicine.
- the form of the food or drink is not particularly limited.
- soft drinks for example, sports drinks, carbonated drinks, fruit juice drinks
- confectionery for example, cakes, biscuits, bread, strawberries
- noodles for example, udon, Soba, ramen, pasta
- miso soy sauce
- vinegar salad oil
- sesame oil soy milk
- milk milk
- it may be in the form of tablets, granules, powders, capsules (including soft capsules) and the like.
- the form of the said pharmaceutical is not specifically limited,
- external preparations for example, lotion, emulsion, patch, ointment
- oral preparations tablets, granules, powders, capsules (including soft capsules), solutions) , Suspensions), injections, and infusions.
- the form of the cosmetic is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include lotion, gel, lotion, cream, pack, emulsion, foundation, lipstick, powder, face wash, and hair tonic.
- Example 1 Isolation and purification of methoxyflavone
- To 150 g of black ginger 1500 ml of 50% ethanol aqueous solution was added, followed by extraction with heating under reflux for 2 hours. The extract obtained after cooling was filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure, and lyophilized to obtain 25.7 g of a black ginger extract. 9 g of the obtained extract was subjected to column chromatography using Diaion HP20 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), and four fractions (30% ethanol elution part, 50% ethanol elution part, 70% ethanol elution part) Fraction, 100% ethanol elution part).
- the 50% ethanol eluate was subjected to high performance liquid chromatography, and 5,7,3 ′, 4′-tetramethoxyflavone (64 mg), 3,5,7,3 ′, 4′-pentamethoxyflavone ( 464 mg), 5,7-dimethoxyflavone (145 mg), 5,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone (188 mg), 3,5,7-trimethoxyflavone (35 mg), 3,5,7,4′-tetra Methoxyflavone (96 mg) was isolated.
- Example 2 Manufacture of oil and fat extract
- 30 g of olive oil was added to 3 g and 15 g of black ginger, respectively, extracted at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes, cooled, and then filtered to obtain two pale yellow black ginger oil extracts.
- the total content of 11 kinds of methoxyflavones described in Example 1 in the two obtained oil and fat extracts was quantified, and the value was 6.2 mg / mL (from 3 g of black ginger). ), 22.4 mg / mL (from 15 g black ginger).
- all of these extracts contained all 11 types of methoxyflavones described in Example 1.
- Example 3 Method for measuring NOX inhibitory activity
- HL-60 cells Although human myeloid leukemia cells HL-60 cells repeat proliferation in an undifferentiated state, they are differentiated into mature granulocytes by adding DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide), retinoic acid, etc.
- NOX NADPH oxidase
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- NOX NADPH oxidase
- undifferentiated HL-60 cells cultured in 10% FBS-containing RPMI1640 medium were added to 10% FBS-containing RPMI1640 medium containing 1% DMSO at 5 ⁇ 10 5 cells / ml.
- the suspension was dispensed in 15 ml portions in a petri dish having an inner diameter of 10 cm and cultured in a CO 2 incubator (37 ° C.) for 3 days, and then 10 ml of 10% FBS containing 1% DMSO.
- RPMI1640 medium contained in each dish and further culturing for 3 days differentiated HL-60 cells expressing NOX could be obtained.
- NOX activity was measured using a cell lysate of differentiated HL-60 cells or living cells as they were.
- HL-60 cells differentiated by DMSO treatment are collected by centrifugation, washed once with PBS (phosphate buffered saline), and then buffered for cell disruption (8 mM phosphate containing 131 mM NaCl and 340 mM sucrose). Buffer solution (pH 7.0) was used to suspend at 1 ⁇ 10 8 cells / ml. After cooling with ice, using an ultrasonic crusher (Bioruptor UCD-250HSA, manufactured by Cosmo Bio), the process of “crushing at maximum output 20 seconds / interval cooling 30 seconds” is repeated 3 times at 4 ° C. or lower. A cell lysate was obtained.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- the supernatant obtained by removing debris by centrifuging the disrupted solution at 1000 g for 4 minutes was added to a 9-fold volume of a reaction buffer solution (65 mM phosphate buffer containing 1 mM EGTA, 10 ⁇ M FAD and 170 mM sucrose). Solution pH 7.0) was added to prepare a cell disruption supernatant (corresponding to 1 ⁇ 10 7 cells / ml) for NOX measurement.
- a reaction buffer solution 65 mM phosphate buffer containing 1 mM EGTA, 10 ⁇ M FAD and 170 mM sucrose.
- Solution pH 7.0 was added to prepare a cell disruption supernatant (corresponding to 1 ⁇ 10 7 cells / ml) for NOX measurement.
- the NOX reaction was performed by pouring 50 ⁇ l of the cell disruption solution per well onto a 96-well microplate, adding 25 ⁇ l of 0.5 mM SDS solution as a NOX activator, and 25 ⁇ l of 0.4 mM NADPH solution as a substrate. This was carried out at 30 ° C for 30 to 90 minutes.
- the NOX activity was determined by measuring the consumption rate of NADPH by fluorescence measurement (Ex: 355 nm / Em: 460 nm).
- HL-60 cells differentiated by DMSO treatment were collected by centrifugation, and suspended in D-MEM medium containing no FBS and phenol red so as to have a concentration of 5 ⁇ 10 6 cells / ml.
- the NOX reaction was performed by pouring 25 ⁇ l of the cell suspension per well onto a 96-well microplate, and further using a 0.8 mg / ml WST-1 solution prepared using the D-MEM, a test sample prepared to a predetermined concentration.
- the obtained inhibitory activity was shown as an IC 50 value ( ⁇ M, in the case of an extract, ⁇ g / ml).
- Example 4 Comparison of NOX inhibitory activity of methoxyflavonoids
- Example 3 the NOX inhibitory activity of several methoxyflavonoids was compared by measuring the NOX activity with a cell-free system using cell lysate. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 NOX inhibitory activity of black ginger-derived compounds
- the NOX inhibitory activity of methoxyflavonoids extracted and fractionated from black ginger was compared by measuring NOX activity using a cell-free system using cell disruption solution. All flavonoids obtained from black ginger have the feature of having a methoxy group. Among these, strong NOX inhibitory activity was observed for flavones having a methoxy group at the 5-position and 7-position of the A ring, but NOX inhibitory activity was not observed for flavonoids having a hydroxy group at the 5-position. The methoxy group at position 3 was not fatal, but there was a tendency to attenuate the activity. Therefore, the methoxyflavone represented by the formula (I) is considered to have excellent NOX inhibitory activity. Further, IC 50 of VAS2870 (NOX inhibitor) in this system was 6.3MyuM.
- Example 6 In order to confirm the difference in the composition of the fat and oil extract depending on the lot of black ginger, 200 g of two black ginger were prepared, 1000 mL of ethanol was added to each, and heating and reflux extraction was performed for 1 hour. The resulting liquid was cooled and suction filtered to separate the residue and the extract. The residue was again added with 1000 mL of ethanol, extracted by heating under reflux for 1 hour, filtered, and combined with the previously obtained extract. Subsequently, 100 mL of medium chain fatty acid triglyceride was added to the extract, ethanol was distilled off by concentration under reduced pressure, and the precipitated insoluble matter was removed by suction filtration to obtain two black ginger oil extracts.
- extract A The methoxyflavone content in these extracts was analyzed according to Example 2, and the total amount of methoxyflavone was 90.4 mg / mL (hereinafter, this extract is referred to as “extract A”), 54. 9 mg / mL (hereinafter, this extract is referred to as “extract B”). Further, the total amount of methoxyflavone in these two extracts was adjusted to 5 mg / ml with olive oil to obtain two solutions, and the absorbance at 660 nm of the solutions was measured to find 0.036 (extract A). 0.030 (extract B) (methanol was used as a blank). These extracts all contained all 11 kinds of methoxyflavones described in Example 1.
- Example 7 (Sample preparation for measuring NOX inhibitory activity: production of black ginger ethanol extract) To 200 g of dried black ginger, 1000 mL of 50% aqueous ethanol solution was added, and extraction under heating was performed for 1 hour. The resulting liquid was cooled and suction filtered to separate the residue and the extract. The residue was again added with 1000 mL of 50% aqueous ethanol solution, extracted with heating under reflux for 1 hour, filtered, and combined with the previously obtained extract. After cooling to room temperature and concentration under reduced pressure, lyophilization was performed to obtain 49 g (yield 24.5%) of black ginger ethanol extract-1.
- Example 8 (Sample preparation for measuring NOX inhibitory activity: production of black ginger oil extract) Ten times the amount of ethanol was added to 10 g, 20 g, 30 g, and 40 g of black ginger, respectively, followed by heating under reflux extraction for 1 hour. After cooling the obtained liquid, suction filtration was performed, 15 mL of medium chain fatty acid triglyceride was added to the extract, ethanol was distilled off by concentration under reduced pressure, and suction filtration was performed again for the purpose of removing insoluble matter. An oil and fat extract was obtained.
- the obtained four black ginger oil extracts were analyzed for the total content of 11 methoxyflavones according to Example 2, and the values were 23.9 mg / mL, 46.3 mg / mL, and 69, respectively. 4 mg / mL and 78.1 mg / mL. Moreover, when the fat and oil extract containing 46.3 mg / mL or more of the total amount of methoxyflavone was allowed to stand at room temperature, precipitation of methoxyflavones was confirmed. These extracts all contained all 11 kinds of methoxyflavones described in Example 1.
- Example 9 Comparison of black ginger extraction method using NOX inhibitory activity as an index
- black ginger oil extract-1 having a total methoxyflavone amount of 22.4 mg / ml (obtained in Example 2)
- black ginger oil extract-2 having a total methoxyflavone amount of 69.4 mg / ml NOx inhibitory activity of ethanol extract (obtained in Example 8)
- black ginger ethanol extract-1 and 2 obtained in Example 7 (NOX inhibitory activity using differentiated HL-60 live cells) Measurement).
- Two types of black ginger were examined to see the difference in the intensity of activity between lots of black ginger.
- IC 50 values shown below indicate NOX inhibitory activity based on the total amount of methoxyflavone.
- the oil and fat extract showed a higher action (lower IC 50 ) than the ethanol extract. From this, it was suggested that methoxyflavone having a higher inhibitory effect on NOX was efficiently extracted by extraction with oil and fat as in the present invention.
- Example 10 (NF ⁇ B inhibitory action) When macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells are stimulated with LPS (lipopolysaccharide), NF ⁇ B is activated, thereby increasing the expression of iNOS (inducible NO synthase), and subculture caused by iNOS enzyme activity in the culture medium. It is known that nitric acid accumulates, and NF ⁇ B activation can be evaluated by measuring the amount of nitrous acid in the culture solution.
- LPS lipopolysaccharide
- RAW264.7 cells were cultured in 10% FBS-containing RPMI1640 medium. The obtained cells were suspended in the above culture solution to 4 ⁇ 10 5 cells / ml, dispensed 100 ⁇ l per well on a 96-well microplate, and cultured in advance (in a CO 2 incubator) for 24 hours.
- LPS LPS-containing culture solution per well
- 25 ⁇ l of 6 ⁇ g / ml LPS-containing culture solution per well LPS is derived from Escherichia coli, final concentration is 1 ⁇ g / ml
- 25 ⁇ l of a test sample solution with a predetermined concentration were added to each well, and after further incubation for 24 hr, 75 ⁇ l of each
- the cell culture solution was collected and a color reaction was performed by adding an equal amount of Griess reagent (manufactured by Fluka), and the production of nitrous acid was measured based on the absorbance at 540 nm.
- NF ⁇ B inhibitory activity of the test sample was carried out using a 3-fold dilution series solution in which the DMSO solution of the sample was dissolved in the above culture solution to a DMSO concentration of 1% or less. Absorbance at addition / addition conditions was measured. Table 4 shows the concentration at which nitrite production caused by LPS stimulation was inhibited by 50%, ie, IC 50 value ( ⁇ M). As shown in Table 4, the methoxyflavone of the formula (I) showed an excellent NF ⁇ B inhibitory action.
- Example 11 (Relationship between extraction method and composition)
- oil and fat extraction extraction only with oil and fat, or ethanol extraction followed by oil and fat extraction
- ethanol extraction was performed according to Example 7.
- olive oil or a mixture of olive oil and medium-chain fatty acid glycerides in this example, medium-chain fatty acid triglycerides, which are also referred to as “MCT”
- MCT medium-chain fatty acid triglycerides
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Abstract
Description
[1]以下の式(I)
[2]前記少なくとも1種のメトキシフラボンが、5,7,3’,4’-テトラメトキシフラボン、3,5,7,3’,4’-ペンタメトキシフラボン、5,7-ジメトキシフラボン、及び5,7,4’-トリメトキシフラボンからなる群Aから選択される、[1]に記載のNOX阻害剤。
[3]群Aのメトキシフラボンと、3,5,7-トリメトキシフラボン、3,5,7,4’-テトラメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-3,7,3’,4’-テトラメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-7-メトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-7,4’-ジメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-3,7-ジメトキシフラボン、及び5-ヒドロキシ-3,7,4’-トリメトキシフラボンからなる群Bのメトキシフラボンとの総含有量に対する、群Aのメトキシフラボンの総含有量の割合(A/(A+B))が、モル基準で0.65を超える、[2]に記載のNOX阻害剤。
[4]前記[1]又は[2]に記載された少なくとも1種のメトキシフラボンを含む、NOXに起因する疾患の予防又は治療剤。
[5]アレルギー疾患、パーキンソン病、脳梗塞、白内障、てんかん、脊髄損傷、動脈硬化、未熟児網膜症、腎障害、消化性潰瘍、膵炎、潰瘍性大腸炎、心筋梗塞、成人呼吸窮迫症候群、肺気腫、慢性関節リウマチなどの膠原病、血管炎、浮腫、糖尿病合併症、紫外線障害、高山病、ポルフィリン血症、熱傷、凍傷、接触性皮膚炎、ショック、多臓器不全、DIC、癌、老化、疲労、サルコぺニア(筋力低下)、ミトコンドリア機能障害、認知症、及びアルツハイマー病からなる群から選択される、[4]に記載の予防又は治療剤。
[6]前記[2]に記載の群Aのメトキシフラボンと、[3]に記載の群Bのメトキシフラボンとの総含有量に対する、群Aのメトキシフラボンの総含有量の割合(A/(A+B))が、モル基準で0.65を超える、[4]又は[5]に記載の予防又は治療剤。
[7]以下の式(I)
[8]前記少なくとも1種のメトキシフラボンが、5,7,3’,4’-テトラメトキシフラボン、5,7-ジメトキシフラボン、及び5,7,4’-トリメトキシフラボンからなる群A’から選択される、[7]に記載のNFκB阻害剤。
[9]群A’のメトキシフラボンと、3,5,7,3’,4’-ペンタメトキシフラボン、3,5,7-トリメトキシフラボン、3,5,7,4’-テトラメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-3,7,3’,4’-テトラメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-7-メトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-7,4’-ジメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-3,7-ジメトキシフラボン、及び5-ヒドロキシ-3,7,4’-トリメトキシフラボンからなる群B’のメトキシフラボンとの総含有量に対する、群A’のメトキシフラボンの総含有量の割合(A’/(A’+B’))が、モル基準で0.48を超える、[8]に記載のNFκB阻害剤。
[10]前記[7]又は[8]に記載された少なくとも1種のメトキシフラボンを含む、NFκBに起因する疾患の予防又は治療剤。
[11]前記疾患が、関節リウマチ、炎症性大腸炎、変形性関節症、骨溶解症、腱炎、坐骨神経痛、椎間板ヘルニア、狭窄症、脊髄症、腰痛、椎間関節痛、手根管症候群、足根管症候群、腰椎術後疼痛症候群、エイズ、動脈硬化、喘息、関節炎、糖尿病、炎症性大腸炎、肝炎、脳卒中、認知症、筋消耗、ウイルス感染、光老化を含めた皮膚老化、がん、及び老化からなる群から選択される、[10]に記載の予防又は治療剤。
[12]前記[8]に記載の群A’のメトキシフラボンと、[9]に記載の群B’のメトキシフラボンとの総含有量に対する、群A’のメトキシフラボンの総含有量の割合(A’/(A’+B’))が、モル基準で0.48を超える、[10]又は[11]に記載の予防又は治療剤。
[13]3’,4’-ジメトキシフラボンを含む、NOX阻害剤。
[14]3’,4’-ジメトキシフラボンを含む、NOXに起因する疾患の予防又は治療剤。
[15]前記疾患が、アレルギー疾患、パーキンソン病、脳梗塞、白内障、てんかん、脊髄損傷、動脈硬化、未熟児網膜症、腎障害、消化性潰瘍、膵炎、潰瘍性大腸炎、心筋梗塞、成人呼吸窮迫症候群、肺気腫、慢性関節リウマチなどの膠原病、血管炎、浮腫、糖尿病合併症、紫外線障害、高山病、ポルフィリン血症、熱傷、凍傷、接触性皮膚炎、ショック、多臓器不全、DIC、癌、老化、疲労、サルコぺニア(筋力低下)、ミトコンドリア機能障害、認知症、及びアルツハイマー病からなる群から選択される、[14]に記載の予防又は治療剤。
本発明においては、以下の式(I)
本発明者は、式(I)のメトキシフラボンが、NADPHオキシダーゼ(NOX)阻害剤として有効であることを見出した。従って、本発明は、一つの側面では、式(I)のメトキシフラボンを少なくとも一種含む、NOX阻害剤、又はNOXを阻害するための組成物である(本明細書では、「NOX阻害剤」と「NOXを阻害するための組成物」は、相互交換的に用い、特に断りがない限り、一方を用いる場合には、他方をも意味するものとする)。この発明は、別の態様では、式(I)のメトキシフラボンの少なくとも一種を対象に投与することを含むNOXを阻害するための方法でもある。或いは、式(I)のメトキシフラボンの代わりに、又はそれに追加して、3’,4’-ジメトキシフラボンを用いることもできる。
本発明者は、式(I)のメトキシフラボンが、NFκB阻害剤として有効であることを見出した。従って、本発明は、別の側面では、式(I)のメトキシフラボンを少なくとも一種含む、NFκB阻害剤、又はNFκBを阻害するための組成物である(本明細書では、「NFκB阻害剤」と「NFκBを阻害するための組成物」は、相互交換的に用い、特に断りがない限り、一方を用いる場合には、他方をも意味するものとする)。この発明は、別の態様では、式(I)のメトキシフラボンの少なくとも一種を対象に投与することを含むNFκBを阻害するための方法である。或いは、式(I)のメトキシフラボンの代わりに、又はそれに追加して、3’,4’-ジメトキシフラボンを用いることもできる。
本発明のNOX又はNFκB阻害剤、NOX又はNFκBに起因する疾患の予防又は治療剤、抗酸化剤は、その効果を損なわない限り、式(I)のメトキシフラボンの他に、任意の成分を配合してもよい。例えば、ビタミンE、ビタミンC等のビタミン類、ミネラル類、ホルモン、栄養成分、香料などの生理活性成分のほか、製剤化において配合される乳化剤、緊張化剤(等張化剤)、緩衝剤、溶解補助剤、防腐剤、安定化剤等を適宜配合することができる。
本発明のNOX又はNFκB阻害剤、NOX又はNFκBに起因する疾患の予防又は治療剤、抗酸化剤は、飲食品(機能性食品、健康補助食品、栄養機能食品、特別用途食品、特定保健用食品、栄養補助食品、食事療法用食品、健康食品、サプリメント等)、医薬品、又は香粧品として、又はその原料として使用することができる。飲食品及び医薬品は、ペットの餌として加工したペットフードや動物飼料等、並びに動物用医薬品でもよい。
明確化のために記載すると、本明細書において下限値と上限値によって表されている数値範囲、即ち「下限値~上限値」は、それら下限値及び上限値を含む。例えば、「1~2」により表される範囲は、1及び2を含む。
(メトキシフラボンの単離精製)
黒ショウガ150gに50%エタノール水溶液1500mlを加え、2時間加熱還流抽出を行った。冷後得られた抽出液をろ過し、減圧下にて濃縮し、凍結乾燥を行い、黒ショウガ抽出物25.7gを得た。得られた抽出物のうち9gをDia ion HP20(三菱化学株式会社製)を用いたカラムクロマトグラフィーに付し、4つの画分(30%エタノール溶出部、50%エタノール溶出部、70%エタノール溶出部、100%エタノール溶出部)へ分画した。このうち50%エタノール溶出部を高速液体クロマトグラフィーに付して、5,7,3’,4’-テトラメトキシフラボン(64mg)、3,5,7,3’,4’-ペンタメトキシフラボン(464mg)、5,7-ジメトキシフラボン(145mg)、5,7,4’-トリメトキシフラボン(188mg)、3,5,7-トリメトキシフラボン(35mg)、3,5,7,4’-テトラメトキシフラボン(96mg)を単離した。続いて100%エタノール溶出部についても同様に液体クロマトグラフィーによる分離精製を行い5-ヒドロキシ-3,7,3’,4’-テトラメトキシフラボン(15mg)、5-ヒドロキシ-7-メトキシフラボン(84mg)、5-ヒドロキシ-7,4’-ジメトキシフラボン(56mg)、5-ヒドロキシ-3,7-ジメトキシフラボン(100mg)、5-ヒドロキシ-3,7,4’-トリメトキシフラボン(110mg)を単離した。単離した化合物は、そのスペクトルデータを文献(大阪市立大学生活科学研究科 東鋭明氏博士論文「ショウガ科植物Kaempferia parvifloraに含まれる成分の構造とα-グルコシダーゼ阻害活性および抗変異原性」)に記載の各種スペクトルデータと比較の上、同定した。
(油脂抽出物の製造)
3g及び15gの黒ショウガに、それぞれオリーブオイル30mLを加え、120℃で30分間抽出を行った後、冷却してからろ過し、2つの淡黄色の黒ショウガ油脂抽出物を得た。以下の分析条件で、得られた2つの油脂抽出物中の実施例1に記載のメトキシフラボン11種の総含有量を定量したところ、その値は、6.2mg/mL(3gの黒ショウガより)、22.4mg/mL(15gの黒ショウガより)であった。尚、これらの抽出物は、いずれも、実施例1に記載のメトキシフラボン11種を全て含んでいた。
黒ショウガ油脂抽出物1.0mLにn-ヘキサン1.0mLを加え希釈した後、2.0mLの80%メタノール水溶液にて3回メトキシフラボンの抽出を行った。得られた80%メタノール抽出液をMega Bond Elute C18(アジレントテクノロジー社製)に通した後、Mega Bond Elute C18に吸着したメトキシフラボンを洗い出す目的で、80%メタノール2.0mLを通した。得られた液をあわせた後、最終的に10mLへメスアップし、HPLC用の分析試料とした。
カラム:Develosil C30 UG5(4.6x150mm、5μm、野村化学株式会社製)
検出:280nm(PDAは200~600nm)
カラム温度:40℃
移動相A:0.05%トリフロロ酢酸水溶液
移動相B:90%アセトニトリル水溶液中のトリフロロ酢酸0.05%溶液
グラジェント:移動相B 50%-50%-70%-70%(0min-7.5min-20min-25min)
流速:1.0mL/min
試料注入量:10μL
(NOX阻害活性測定方法)
分化させたHL-60細胞の調製:
ヒト骨髄性白血病細胞HL-60細胞は未分化状態で増殖を繰り返すが、DMSO(dimethyl sulfoxide)やレチノイン酸などを添加することにより成熟顆粒球に分化し、増殖能を失うとともに、分化の指標ともなっているNOX(NADPH oxidase)が細胞内に発現することが知られており、そのNOXは、NOX阻害活性を評価するための酵素源として利用することができる。
DMSO処理により分化させたHL-60細胞を遠心処理により集め、PBS(リン酸緩衝生理食塩水)で一回洗浄した後に、細胞破砕用の緩衝液(131mM NaClおよび340mM sucroseを含有する8mM リン酸緩衝液 pH7.0)を用いて1×108cells/mlとなるように懸濁させた。氷冷させた後に、超音波破砕機(Bioruptor UCD-250HSA、Cosmo Bio製)を用い、4℃以下の条件において「最大出力での破砕20秒/インターバル冷却30秒」のプロセスを3回繰り返すことにより細胞破砕液を得た。破砕液を1000g、4分間の遠心処理することによってdebrisを除去して得られた上清に、9倍容の反応用の緩衝液(1mM EGTA,10μM FADおよび170mM sucroseを含有する65mMリン酸緩衝液 pH7.0)を加え、NOX測定用の細胞破砕上清液(1×107cells/ml相当)を調製した。
DMSO処理により分化させたHL-60細胞を遠心処理により集め、FBSおよびフェノールレッドを含まないD-MEM培地に5×106cells/mlとなるように懸濁させた。NOXの反応は、96wellのマイクロプレートにwellあたり25μlの上記細胞懸濁液を注ぎ、さらに上記のD-MEMを用いて調製した0.8mg/ml WST-1溶液、所定濃度に調製した被験サンプル溶解液(サンプルのDMSO溶液(試薬の場合は通常10mM)を調製し、ここからDMSOを用いて3倍希釈系列の溶液を調製し、これを上記のD-MEMに1v/v%以下になるように溶解させて、当該被験サンプル溶解液を調製した)をそれぞれ25μlずつ添加し攪拌させた後に、25μlの4μM PMA(Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-acetate、終濃度は1μM)D-MEM溶液を添加してNOXの活性化を行い、37℃、45分間の反応を行い、NOX酵素生成物であるスーパーオキシドと反応液中のWST-1が反応して生成する黄色フォルマザンを450nmの吸光度として測定した。なお、このNOX活性測定系では、PMAを添加しない限りNOXは活性化しないことが確認されている。
(メトキシフラボノイドのNOX阻害活性の比較)
実施例3に従い、細胞破砕液を用いたcell-free系によるNOX活性測定によりいくつかのメトキシフラボノイドのNOX阻害活性を比較した。結果を表1に示す。
(黒ショウガ由来化合物のNOX阻害活性)
実施例3に従い、細胞破砕液を用いたcell-free系によるNOX活性測定により黒ショウガから抽出・分画したメトキシフラボノイドのNOX阻害活性を比較した。黒ショウガから得られたフラボノイドはいずれもメトキシ基をもつという特徴を有する。このうち、A環の5位と7位にメトキシ基を有するフラボンに、強いNOX阻害活性が認められたが、5位にヒドロキシ基を有するフラボノイドにはNOX阻害活性が認められなかった。3位のメトキシ基は、致命的ではないが、活性を減弱させる傾向が見られた。従って、式(I)に表されるメトキシフラボンは、優れたNOX阻害活性を有すると考えられる。また、この系におけるVAS2870(NOX阻害剤)のIC50は6.3μMであった。
黒ショウガのロットによる油脂抽出物の組成の違いを確認するため2つの黒ショウガ200gを用意し、それぞれについてエタノール1000mLを加えて、1時間加熱還流抽出を行った。得られた液を冷却後、吸引ろ過して、残渣と抽出液に分けた。再度残渣にエタノール1000mLを加えて、1時間加熱還流抽出を行い、ろ過し、先に得られた抽出液とあわせた。続いて抽出液に中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド100mLを加え、減圧濃縮によりエタノールを留去したのち、析出した不溶物を吸引ろ過にて除去し、2つの黒ショウガ油脂抽出物を得た。実施例2に準じてそれらの抽出物中のメトキシフラボンの含有量を分析したところ、メトキシフラボン総量は、90.4mg/mL(以下、この抽出物を「抽出物A」と呼ぶ)、54.9mg/mL(以下、この抽出物を「抽出物B」と呼ぶ)であった。またこれら2つの抽出物中のメトキシフラボン総量を5mg/mlにオリーブオイルにて調節して2つの溶液を得て、その溶液の660nmにおける吸光度を測定したところ、それぞれ0.036(抽出物A)、0.030(抽出物B)であった(ブランクとしてメタノールを用いた)。尚、これらの抽出物は、いずれも、実施例1に記載の11種のメトキシフラボンを全て含んでいた。
(NOX阻害活性測定のためのサンプル調製:黒ショウガエタノール抽出物の製造)
黒ショウガ乾燥物200gに50%エタノール水溶液1000mLを加えて、1時間加熱還流抽出を行った。得られた液を冷却後、吸引ろ過して、残渣と抽出液に分けた。再度残渣に50%エタノール水溶液1000mLを加えて、1時間加熱還流抽出を行い、ろ過し、先に得られた抽出液とあわせた。室温まで冷後、減圧濃縮したのち、凍結乾燥を行い黒ショウガエタノール抽出物-1を49g(収率24.5%)得た。黒ショウガのロット間による差を確認する目的で、上述と同様の方法にて操作を行ったところ、黒ショウガエタノール抽出物-2を23g(収率15.2%)得た。続いて、本抽出物中の11種のメトキシフラボン総含有量は実施例2の方法に準じて測定したところ、それぞれ264mg/g、267mg/gであった。黒ショウガエタノール抽出物-1中のメトキシフラボン総量を5mg/mlにメタノールにて調節して溶液を得て、その溶液の660nmにおける吸光度を測定したところ、0.95(ブランクはメタノール)であった。尚、これらの抽出物は、いずれも、実施例1に記載の11種のメトキシフラボンを全て含んでいた。
(NOX阻害活性測定のためのサンプル調製:黒ショウガ油脂抽出物の製造)
黒ショウガ10g、20g、30g、40gに、10倍量のエタノールをそれぞれ加えて、1時間加熱還流抽出を行った。得られた液を冷却後、吸引ろ過し、その抽出液に中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド15mLを加え、減圧濃縮によりエタノールを留去したのち、不溶物を除く目的で再度吸引ろ過を行い、それぞれの黒ショウガ油脂抽出物を得た。得られた4つの黒ショウガ油脂抽出物について、実施例2に準じて11種のメトキシフラボンの総含有量を分析したところ、その値は、それぞれ23.9mg/mL、46.3mg/mL、69.4mg/mL、78.1mg/mLであった。また、総メトキシフラボン量を46.3mg/mL以上を含む油脂抽出物は、室温で放置するとメトキシフラボン類の析出が確認された。尚、これらの抽出物は、いずれも、実施例1に記載の11種のメトキシフラボンを全て含んでいた。
(NOX阻害活性を指標にした黒ショウガ抽出法の比較)
実施例3に従い、総メトキシフラボン量22.4mg/mlの黒ショウガ油脂抽出物-1(実施例2で得られたもの)、総メトキシフラボン量69.4mg/mlの黒ショウガ油脂抽出物-2(実施例8で得られたもの)、エタノール抽出物(実施例7で得られた黒ショウガエタノール抽出物-1および2)のNOX阻害活性(分化したHL-60生細胞を用いたNOX阻害活性測定)を測定した。黒ショウガのロット間の活性の強さの違いを見るために2種の黒ショウガについて検討した。また油脂抽出物は、そのままでは活性を測定できなかったため、脱脂処理を行った。具体的には油脂抽出物0.5mLに同量のn-ヘキサン0.5mLを加え希釈した後、0.5mLの80%メタノール水溶液にて3回メトキシフラボンの抽出を行った。得られた抽出液をSep-Pak PLUS C8 125Å Catrtriges(ウォーターズ社製)に吸着させ、さらに80%メタノール3.0mLを通して油分を除いた。その後、Sep-Pak PLUS C8 125Å Catrtrigesを溶媒で洗浄して得られた液を減圧濃縮、凍結乾燥し、評価試料を調製した。測定されたIC50値を以下の表3に示す。
(NFκB阻害作用)
マクロファージ様のRAW264.7細胞をLPS(リポ多糖)によって刺激すると、NFκBが活性化され、それによってiNOS(誘導型NO合成酵素)の発現が亢進し、培養液中にiNOS酵素活性に起因する亜硝酸が蓄積することが知られており、培養液中の亜硝酸量を測定することによりNFκB活性化を評価することが可能である。
(抽出方法と組成の関係)
実施例9の結果に鑑み、黒ショウガからの油脂抽出物と親水性溶媒抽出物の組成を比較した。具体的には、実施例2、6及び8に準じて、油脂抽出(油脂のみでの抽出、又はエタノール抽出とそれに続く油脂抽出)を行い、実施例7に準じてエタノール抽出を行った。油脂抽出においては、油脂として、オリーブオイル、又はオリーブオイルと中鎖脂肪酸グリセリド(本実施例では、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリドが用いられ、これを「MCT」とも示す)との混合物を用いた。得られた抽出物は、実施例2に記載の方法に基づいてHPLCで分析され、得られたHPLC面積値を以下に示す。以下の表では、便宜上、油脂を単に「Oil」とも示す。
Claims (15)
- 前記少なくとも1種のメトキシフラボンが、5,7,3’,4’-テトラメトキシフラボン、3,5,7,3’,4’-ペンタメトキシフラボン、5,7-ジメトキシフラボン、及び5,7,4’-トリメトキシフラボンからなる群Aから選択される、請求項1に記載のNOX阻害剤。
- 群Aのメトキシフラボンと、3,5,7-トリメトキシフラボン、3,5,7,4’-テトラメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-3,7,3’,4’-テトラメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-7-メトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-7,4’-ジメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-3,7-ジメトキシフラボン、及び5-ヒドロキシ-3,7,4’-トリメトキシフラボンからなる群Bのメトキシフラボンとの総含有量に対する、群Aのメトキシフラボンの総含有量の割合(A/(A+B))が、モル基準で0.65を超える、請求項2に記載のNOX阻害剤。
- 請求項1又は2に記載された少なくとも1種のメトキシフラボンを含む、NOXに起因する疾患の予防又は治療剤。
- アレルギー疾患、パーキンソン病、脳梗塞、白内障、てんかん、脊髄損傷、動脈硬化、未熟児網膜症、腎障害、消化性潰瘍、膵炎、潰瘍性大腸炎、心筋梗塞、成人呼吸窮迫症候群、肺気腫、慢性関節リウマチなどの膠原病、血管炎、浮腫、糖尿病合併症、紫外線障害、高山病、ポルフィリン血症、熱傷、凍傷、接触性皮膚炎、ショック、多臓器不全、DIC、癌、老化、疲労、サルコぺニア(筋力低下)、ミトコンドリア機能障害、認知症、及びアルツハイマー病からなる群から選択される、請求項4に記載の予防又は治療剤。
- 請求項2に記載の群Aのメトキシフラボンと、請求項3に記載の群Bのメトキシフラボンとの総含有量に対する、群Aのメトキシフラボンの総含有量の割合(A/(A+B))が、モル基準で0.65を超える、請求項4又は5に記載の予防又は治療剤。
- 前記少なくとも1種のメトキシフラボンが、5,7,3’,4’-テトラメトキシフラボン、5,7-ジメトキシフラボン、及び5,7,4’-トリメトキシフラボンからなる群A’から選択される、請求項7に記載のNFκB阻害剤。
- 群A’のメトキシフラボンと、3,5,7,3’,4’-ペンタメトキシフラボン、3,5,7-トリメトキシフラボン、3,5,7,4’-テトラメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-3,7,3’,4’-テトラメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-7-メトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-7,4’-ジメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-3,7-ジメトキシフラボン、及び5-ヒドロキシ-3,7,4’-トリメトキシフラボンからなる群B’のメトキシフラボンとの総含有量に対する、群A’のメトキシフラボンの総含有量の割合(A’/(A’+B’))が、モル基準で0.48を超える、請求項8に記載のNFκB阻害剤。
- 請求項7又は8に記載された少なくとも1種のメトキシフラボンを含む、NFκBに起因する疾患の予防又は治療剤。
- 前記疾患が、関節リウマチ、炎症性大腸炎、変形性関節症、骨溶解症、腱炎、坐骨神経痛、椎間板ヘルニア、狭窄症、脊髄症、腰痛、椎間関節痛、手根管症候群、足根管症候群、腰椎術後疼痛症候群、エイズ、動脈硬化、喘息、関節炎、糖尿病、炎症性大腸炎、肝炎、脳卒中、認知症、筋消耗、ウイルス感染、光老化を含めた皮膚老化、がん、及び老化からなる群から選択される、請求項10に記載の予防又は治療剤。
- 請求項8に記載の群A’のメトキシフラボンと、請求項9に記載の群B’のメトキシフラボンとの総含有量に対する、群A’のメトキシフラボンの総含有量の割合(A’/(A’+B’))が、モル基準で0.48を超える、請求項10又は11に記載の予防又は治療剤。
- 3’,4’-ジメトキシフラボンを含む、NOX阻害剤。
- 3’,4’-ジメトキシフラボンを含む、NOXに起因する疾患の予防又は治療剤。
- 前記疾患が、アレルギー疾患、パーキンソン病、脳梗塞、白内障、てんかん、脊髄損傷、動脈硬化、未熟児網膜症、腎障害、消化性潰瘍、膵炎、潰瘍性大腸炎、心筋梗塞、成人呼吸窮迫症候群、肺気腫、慢性関節リウマチなどの膠原病、血管炎、浮腫、糖尿病合併症、紫外線障害、高山病、ポルフィリン血症、熱傷、凍傷、接触性皮膚炎、ショック、多臓器不全、DIC、癌、老化、疲労、サルコぺニア(筋力低下)、ミトコンドリア機能障害、認知症、及びアルツハイマー病からなる群から選択される、請求項14に記載の予防又は治療剤。
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WO2020178267A1 (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2020-09-10 | Universite D'aix-Marseille | Nox inhibitors for preventing epileptic seizures |
CN110357846B (zh) * | 2019-07-11 | 2021-06-15 | 上海健康医学院 | 一种黄酮并单萜类化合物及其制备方法和应用 |
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CN111617076B (zh) * | 2020-06-24 | 2021-09-28 | 江苏吴中医药集团有限公司 | 一种含有盐酸阿比多尔的复方药物组合物及其用途 |
JP7081843B2 (ja) * | 2020-10-26 | 2022-06-07 | 株式会社東洋新薬 | 自律神経調節剤 |
WO2023144742A1 (en) | 2022-01-26 | 2023-08-03 | Universidade De Aveiro | Ionic-liquid-based formulations for the prevention or treatment of neurological diseases |
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AU2015256997A1 (en) | 2016-11-24 |
TWI700278B (zh) | 2020-08-01 |
JP7015822B2 (ja) | 2022-02-15 |
SG10201808940WA (en) | 2018-11-29 |
KR20170002565A (ko) | 2017-01-06 |
AU2015256997B2 (en) | 2020-07-09 |
US20170071902A1 (en) | 2017-03-16 |
JP2015227329A (ja) | 2015-12-17 |
JP6666837B2 (ja) | 2020-03-18 |
JPWO2015170683A1 (ja) | 2017-04-20 |
SG11201609248WA (en) | 2016-12-29 |
CA2948127A1 (en) | 2015-11-12 |
JP2020063283A (ja) | 2020-04-23 |
CN106456597A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
TW201625574A (zh) | 2016-07-16 |
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