Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/11—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/0057—Implements for plugging an opening in the wall of a hollow or tubular organ, e.g. for sealing a vessel puncture or closing a cardiac septal defect
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/11—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
  • A61B17/1114—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis of the digestive tract, e.g. bowels or oesophagus
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
  • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
  • A61F2/04—Hollow or tubular parts of organs, e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi or bile ducts
  • A61F2/06—Blood vessels
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
  • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
  • A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
  • A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/064—Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/08—Wound clamps or clips, i.e. not or only partly penetrating the tissue ; Devices for bringing together the edges of a wound
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/08—Wound clamps or clips, i.e. not or only partly penetrating the tissue ; Devices for bringing together the edges of a wound
  • A61B17/083—Clips, e.g. resilient
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/064—Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue
  • A61B2017/0641—Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue having at least three legs as part of one single body
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/11—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
  • A61B2017/1103—Approximator
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/11—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
  • A61B2017/1107—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis for blood vessels
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/11—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
  • A61B2017/1132—End-to-end connections
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/11—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
  • A61B2017/1135—End-to-side connections, e.g. T- or Y-connections
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/11—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
  • A61B2017/1139—Side-to-side connections, e.g. shunt or X-connections
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
  • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
  • A61F2/04—Hollow or tubular parts of organs, e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi or bile ducts
  • A61F2/06—Blood vessels
  • A61F2/07—Stent-grafts
  • A61F2002/077—Stent-grafts having means to fill the space between stent-graft and aneurysm wall, e.g. a sleeve

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates generally to implantable medical devices, and more specifically, to implantable devices for connecting tissue layers to create an anastomosis. Methods for using the implantable medical devices are also disclosed.
• An anastomosis is a cross-connection between two tissue structures, such as blood vessels or intestines.
• tissue structures such as blood vessels or intestines.
• a graft vessel is anastomosed to a native coronary artery so that blood can flow through the graft vessel.
• Anastomoses can be created in various manners including, but not limited to: end-to-end, end-to-side, and side-to-side anastomoses. Often, suturing is used to create such anastomoses.
• One aspect of the invention relates to a medical device that includes (1) an expandable frame having a first end, a second end, and a middle portion between the first end and the second end, (2) a first apposition portion including a plurality of first apposition members, each of the first apposition members extending toward the midd le portion, and (3) a second apposition portion including a plurality of second apposition members each of the second apposition members extending toward the middle portion.
• a first portion of each of the first apposition members may be oriented at a first angle in relation to a surface of the middle portion and a second portion of each the first apposition members may be oriented at a second angle in relation to the surface of the middle portion, in exemplary embodiments, the first angle is acute and is less than the second angie. Also, a first portion of each of the second apposition members may be oriented at a third angle in relation to the surface of the midd le portion and a second portion of each of the second apposition members may be oriented at a fourth angle in relation to the surface of the middle portion.
• the third angle is acute and is less than the fourth angle, in some embodiments, at least one the first apposition members is longer than one or more others of the first apposition members. Additionally, at least one of the first apposition members may be longer than at least one of the second apposition members. In one or more embodiment, all of the first apposition members are longer than all of the second apposition members. The first apposition members may or may not be in axial alignment with the second apposition members. In another embodiment, one or more of the first apposition members may longitudinally overlap with one or more of the second apposition members.
• a cover material may be positioned on at least a portion of the frame,
• a second aspect of the invention relates to a medical device that includes a frame including an elongate member defining (1 ) a first apposition portion that includes one or more first flange members configured to contact a first tissue surface and to provide an apposition force against the first tissue surface, (2) a second apposition portion that includes one or more second flange members configured to contact a second tissue surface and to provide an apposition force against the second tissue surface, and (3) a central portion having a first end and a second end where the central portion defines a longitudinal axis and the central portion is disposed between and interconnects the first apposition portion and the second apposition portion.
• At least one of the first flange members and at least one of the second flange members include a radius portion and a descending portion that extends longitudinally toward the central portion. At least one of the radius portions of the first flange members extends longitudinally beyond the first end and at least one of the radius portions of the second flange members extends longitudinally beyond the second end. In at least one embodiment, at least one of the first flange members or at least one of the second flange members further includes a horizontal portion that extends from the descending portion. The radius portions may extend from the first end or the second end of the central portion. Additionally, the descending portion may be a linearly descending portion. Further, the centra! portion may be configured to
• a third aspect of the invention relates to a method of implanting an
• anastomosis device in a patient that includes (1) positioning a delivery sheath containing the anastomosis device at a target location within the patient and (2) deploying the anastomosis device out from the delivery sheath such that at least one layer of tissue is between a first apposition portion and a second apposition portion of the device.
• the anastomosis device includes (1) an expandable frame having a first end, a second end, and a middle portion between the first end and the second end, (2) a first apposition portion including a plurality of first apposition members, each of the first apposition members extending toward the middle portion, and (3) a second apposition portion including a plurality of second apposition members extending toward the middle portion.
• a first portion of each of the first apposition members may be oriented at a first angle in relation to a surface of the middle portion and a second portion of each the first apposition members may be oriented at a second angle in relation to the surface of the middle portion.
• the first angle is acute and is less than the second angle.
• a first portion of each of the second apposition members may be oriented at a third angle in relation to the surface of the middle portion and a second portion of each of the second apposition members may be oriented at a fourth angle in relation to the surface of the middle portion.
• the third angle is acute and is less than the fourth angle.
• a tip portion of the plurality of first apposition members or the plurality of second apposition members is spaced apart from the tissue, in other exemplary embodiments, two layers of tissue are between the first apposition portion and the second apposition portion.
• FIG. 1 is a cutaway perspective view of an exemplary anastomosis device, that has been implanted within a patient to act as a shunt between the patient's gallbladder and intestine according to some embodiments;
• FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an exemplary anastomosis device in accordance with some embodiments
• FIGS. 3-6 are perspective views of exemplary apposition members in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIG, 7 is graphical illustration showing the relationship between force and displacement for each of the apposition members shown in FIGS. 3-6;
• FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of another exemplary anastomosis device in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of exemplary apposition members in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIG. 10 is a perspective view of yet another exemplary anastomosis device in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIG. 11 is an end view of the anastomosis device of FIG. 10;
• FIG. 12 is an alternative embodiment of the anastomosis device of FIG. 10.
• FIG. 13 is a side view of a central portion of another anastomosis device that includes expansion members in accordance with some embodiments.
• the present invention is directed to implantable devices for connecting tissue layers, for example, to circumvent a conduit or organ blockage, such as by creating a direct passage between tissue structures (e.g. connecting a gallbladder and a portion of a gastrointestinal tract) to create an anastomosis that facilitates material flow therebetween.
• tissue structures e.g. connecting a gallbladder and a portion of a gastrointestinal tract
• the devices described herein may be endoscopically deployabie or deliverable via a catheter and may include self-expanding apposition mechanisms that facilitate a secure connection between the tissue structures (such a connection may also be referred to herein as a "shunt,” “passageway,” “shunt passageway,” or “tunnel”).
• shunt bypass
• bypass passageway bypass passageway
• tunnel passageway or “tunnel”
• the devices provided herein are configured to be removable after implantation.
• the device is implanted and remains in place until the gallbladder and/or its associated ducts are cleared of blockages, after which the device is removed, in another example, the device remains implanted until the body grows a tissue-anastomosis around the device, and then the device is removed, in other embodiments, tissue ingrowth into and/or around the device permanently implants the device, and the device is not removed.
• the devices described herein can provide an alternative treatment for patients who are not suitable candidates for other types of treatments (e.g., gallbladder removal surgery) and/or to avoid known complications of other types of treatments (e.g., externa! biliary drainage).
• this document refers to anastomosis devices in an exemplar fashion. That is, it should be understood that the inventive concepts disclosed in this document can also be applied to other types of devices.
• this document also provides implantable devices that, in some embodiments, can be used for occluding tissue structures, organs, body conduits, blood vessels, the Gi tract, and the like.
• the devices provided herein can be used to occlude septal defects, in some embodiments, the devices provided herein can be used to occlude a patient's vasculature or GI tract, in some such embodiments, the device does not include a tunnel through the device. Rather, in some embodiments a covering material seals the device to inhibit, modulate, or substantially prevent material from flowing through the device.
• an exemplary anastomosis device 40 in accordance with one or more provided herein can be implanted in a patient to create a fluidic connection between two organs, spaces, tissue structures, conduits, and the like, and combinations thereof.
• the anastomosis device 40 is connecting a gallbladder 10 (that defines an internal gallbladder space 12) with an intestine 20 (that defines an internal intestinal space 22).
• the anastomosis device 40 is acting as a fluidic shunt device between the internal gallbladder space 12 and the internal intestinal space 22.
• Such an implementation may provide a beneficial treatment to the patient when, for example, a flow blockage exists in the native anatomical conduits connecting the internal gallbladder space 12 and the internal intestinal space 22.
• the patient may have one or more gallstones that cause a blockage of the patient's cystic duct 14 and/or common bile duct 16.
• the anastomosis device 40 can provide a fluidic passageway such that bile from the gallbladder 10 can flow into the intestine 20. If not for the anastomosis device 40, when bile is blocked from flowing out of the gallbladder 10 cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder 10) may result.
• anastomosis devices provided herein can be used in some implementations to relieve or prevent cholecystitis as described above, it should be understood that the anastomosis devices provided herein can also be used in many other types of implementations within a patient.
• the anastomosis devices provided herein can be used in conjunction with various body tissue structures and organs such as, but not limited to, stomachs, colons, small intestines, pancreases, blood vessels, bladders, kidneys, conduits, and the like.
• some embodiments of the anastomosis devices provided herein include a first tissue apposition portion 42a, a second tissue apposition portion 42b, and a central portion 44 between the first and second tissue apposition portions 42a and 42b.
• the central portion 44 defines a lumen 46 that extends longitudinally from a first end of the anastomosis device 40 to a second end of the device 40.
• the lumen 46 acts as a connection (e.g., a shunt passageway) between the interna! gallbladder space 12 and the internal intestinal space 22, such that the internal gallbladder space 12 is in fluid communication with the internal intestinal space 22 via the anastomosis device 40.
• an example anastomosis device 500 includes a
• the central portion 506 is disposed between and interconnects the first apposition portion 502 and the second apposition portion 504, In some embodiments, the central portion 506 is essentially cylindrical (although other geometries are also contemplated and are considered to be within the purview of the invention).
• a covering material 512 is disposed on at least some portions of the anastomosis device 500. As described further below, the covering material 512 can be disposed on some portions or on all of the first apposition portion 502, the second apposition portion 504, and/or the central portion 506. !n some embodiments, portions of the first apposition portion 502, the second apposition portion 504, and/or the central portion 506 can remain free of the covering material 512,
• the central portion 506 defines a lumen 507 that extends between the first apposition portion 502 and the second apposition portion 504.
• the lumen 507 provides an anastomosis passageway or tunnel through which biological materials and/or fluids can pass.
• the device 500 is shown in an expanded configuration.
• the expanded configuration is the configuration that the device 500 naturally exhibits in the absence of externa! forces acting upon the device 500. in should be understood that when the anastomosis device 500 is implanted in a patient, the configuration of the device 500 may be somewhat different than shown because of the external forces from the patient's anatomy that are exerted on the device 500.
• the anastomosis device 500 is shown in a deployed or expanded configuration, !n some embodiments, the framework of the anastomosis device 500, as described further below, can be made of a variety of metallic shape memory materials and super-elastic alloys.
• the central portion 508 (and/or the apposition portions 502 and 504) can be configured to self-expand to the deployed configuration, !n some embodiments, the central portion 506 is balloon expandable to the deployed configuration, or supplemental expansion forces can be applied to a self- expandable device by balloon dilation.
• the diameter of the central portion 506 can be made in any size as desired in order to suit the intended use and/or delivery system of the anastomosis device 500.
• the diameter of the central portion 506 increases to a deployed diameter.
• the diameter of the central portion 506 can be made in any dimension as desired in order to suit the intended use and/or delivery system of the anastomosis device 500.
• the deployed outer diameter of the central portion 506 is configured to at least partially anchor the device 500 via an interference fit with the tissue aperture in which the centra! portion 506 resides. Additionally, when the centra!
• anastomosis device 500 when the anastomosis device 500 is used between a gallbladder and Gi tract (e.g., refer to FIG. 1), leakage into the abdominal cavity can be substantially prevented.
• a gallbladder and Gi tract e.g., refer to FIG. 1
• the deployed outer diameter of the central portion 506 is slightly less than the diameter of the tissue aperture in which the centra! portion 506 resides, and the apposition portions 502 and 504 compress the tissue to provide the migration resistance.
• the fully expanded diameter of the central portion 506 is about 30 mm, or about 25 mm, or about 20 mm, or about 15 mm, or about 12 mm, or about 10 mm, or about 8 mm, or about 6 mm, or about 4 mm, and the !ike.
• the fully expanded diameter of the central portion 506 is in a range between about 20 mm to about 30 mm, or about 15 mm to about 25 mm, or about 10 mm to about 20 mm, or about 5 mm to about 15 mm, or about 4 mm to about 8 mm, and the like.
• the length of the central portion 506 can be made in any dimension as desired in order to suit the intended use and/or delivery system of the anastomosis device 500.
• the centra! portion 506 is about 13.5 mm in length and about 15 mm in diameter
• the length of the central portion 506 can be in a range from about 5 mm to about 10 mm, or about 8 mm to about 13 mm, or about 11 mm to about 16 mm, or about 14 mm to about 19 mm, or about 17 mm to about 22 mm, or greater than 22 mm.
• the anastomosis device 500 has a framework that comprises one or more elongate elements 501.
• the one or more elongate elements 501 are wound into the framework configuration.
• a single elongate element 501 is wound to form the framework of the anastomosis device 500.
• two or more elongate elements 510 are cooperatively wound to form the framework of the anastomosis device 500.
• the framework of the first apposition portion 502, the second apposition portion 504, and the central portion 506 are formed of one or more elongate elements 501 made of materials such as, but not limited to, spring wire (e.g., L605 steel or stainless steels), shape memory alloy wire (e.g., nitinol or nitino! alloys), super-elastic alloy wire (e.g., nitino! or nitino!
• spring wire e.g., L605 steel or stainless steels
• shape memory alloy wire e.g., nitinol or nitino! alloys
• super-elastic alloy wire e.g., nitino! or nitino!
• the first apposition portion 502, the second apposition portion 504, and the central portion 506 are formed from a precursor material that is cut to create the framework of elongate elements 501.
• the precursor material is a single piece of precursor material, in some embodiments, one or more elongate elements 501 are wound into a configuration to form the framework.
• different types of elongate elements 501 are used at different locations of the first apposition portion 502, the second apposition portions, and/or the central portion 506.
• the elongate elements 501 of the first apposition portion 502, the second apposition portion 504, and/or the central portion 506 (or portions thereof) may be constructed of polymeric materials.
• Suitable materials for the elongate elements 501 of the anastomosis device 500 and/or other devices provided herein include a variety of metallic materials including alloys exhibiting, shape memory, elastic and super-elastic characteristics.
• Shape memory refers to the ability of a material to revert to an originally memorized shape after plastic deformation by heating above a critical temperature.
• Elasticity is the ability of a material to deform under load and return to its original shape when the load is released. Most metals will deform elastically up to a smalt amount of strain.
• Super- elasticity refers to the ability of a material to deform under strain to much larger degree than typical elastic alloys, without having this deformation become permanent.
• the super-elastic materials included in the frames of some anastomosis device embodiments provided herein are able to withstand a significant amount of bending and flexing and then return to or substantially to the frame's original form without
• suitable elastic materials include various stainless steels which have been physically, chemically, and otherwise treated to produce a high springiness, metal alloys such as cobalt chrome alloys (e.g., ELGILOYTM, MP35N, L605), platinum/tungsten alloys.
• metal alloys such as cobalt chrome alloys (e.g., ELGILOYTM, MP35N, L605), platinum/tungsten alloys.
• shape memory and super-elastic alloys include the NiTi alloys, ternary shape memory alloys such as NiTiPt, NiTiCo, NiTiCr, or other shape memory alloys such as copper-based shape memory alloys. Additional materials could combine both shape memory and elastic alloys such as drawn filled tube where the outer layer is constructed of nitino! and the inner core is a radiopaque materia! such as platinum or tantalum, in this construct, the outer layer provides the super-elastic properties and the inner core remains elastic due to lower bending stresses.
• the elongate elements 501 used to construct the anastomosis device 500 and/or other devices provided herein can be treated in various ways to increase the radiopacity of the devices for enhanced radiographic visualization.
• the devices are least partially a drawn-filled type of NiTi containing a different material at the core, such as a material with enhanced radiopacity.
• the devices include a radiopaque cladding or plating on at least portions of the first apposition portion, the second apposition portion, and the centra! portion, !n some embodiments, one or more radiopaque markers are attached to the devices.
• the elongate elements and/or other portions of the devices provided herein are also visible via ultrasound, and may include portions with enhanced echogenicity.
• the materials and configuration of the anastomosis device 500 (and the other anastomosis device embodiments provided herein) a!ow the devices to be elastica!ly crushed, folded, and/or collapsed into a low-profile delivery configuration for containment within a lumen for transcatheter or
• the anastomosis device 500 can be disposed within a delivery sheath that has about a 15 Fr. (5 mm) outer diameter.
• sheaths that are smaller or larger than 15 Fr. can be used.
• sheaths that have outer diameters of 6 Fr., 7 Fr., 8 Fr., 9 Fr, 10 Fr., 11 Fr., 12 Fr., 13 Fr., 14 Fr., 16 Fr., 17 Fr., 18 Fr., 19 Fr., 20 Fr., and larger than 20 Fr. can be used in some embodiments.
• the framework of one or more elongate elements 501 is radially compressed such that the elongate elements 501 are forced to extend substantially parallel to axis of the central portion 506, and the diameter of the centra! portion 506 is crushed to become smaller.
• the anastomosis device 500 also includes the covering material 512 (which may also be referred to herein as a "covering").
• the covering material 512 is disposed on at least some portions (or on all) of the first apposition portion 502, the second apposition portion 504, and the central portion 506. In some embodiments, some portions of the first apposition portion 502, the second apposition portion 504, and/or the central portion 506 are not covered by the covering materia! 512.
• the covering materia! 512 s generally fluid impermeable.
• the covering material 512 is made of a material that inhibits or reduces passage of blood, bile and/or other bodily fluids and materials through the covering materia! 512 itself, in some embodiments, the covering material 512 has a material composition and configuration that inhibits or prevents tissue ingrowth and/or endothelialization or epitheiialization into the covering material 512. Some such embodiments that are configured to inhibit or prevent tissue ingrowth and/or endothelialization can be more readily removed from the patient at a future date if so desired, in some embodiments, the covering materia! 512, or portions thereof, has a rnicroporous structure that provides a tissue ingrowth scaffold for durable sealing and/or supplemental anchoring strength of the anastomosis device 500.
• the covering material 512 comprises a fluoropolymer, such as an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) polymer, po!yvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), or PVDA. !n some embodiments, the covering material 512 comprises a polyester, a silicone, a urethane, biocompatible po!ymer(s), polyethylene terephthalate (e.g., DacrondD), bioabsorbable materials, copolymers, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the covering material 512 comprises a bioabsorbable web. In other embodiments, the bioabsorbable material may also provide an anti-migration feature by promoting attachment between the device 500 and tissue until the
• bioabsorbable material is absorbed.
• the covering materia! 512 (or portions thereof) is modified by one or more chemical or physical processes that enhance one or more properties of the material 512.
• a hydrophilic coating may be applied to the covering material 512 to improve the wettability and echo translucency of the material 512.
• the covering material 512, or portions thereof may be modified with chemical moieties that facilitate one or more of endothelial cell attachment, endothelial cell migration, endothelial cell proliferation, and resistance to or promotion of thrombosis.
• the covering material 512, or portions thereof may be modified to resist biofouling.
• the drug substance may be, but is not limited to a corticosteroid, a human growth factor, an anti-mitotic agent, an antithrombotic agent, a stem cell material, or dexamethasone sodium phosphate, in some embodiments, a
• pharmacological agent is delivered ' separately from the covering material 512 to the target site to promote tissue healing or tissue growth.
• Coatings and treatments may be applied to the covering material 512 before or after the covering materia! 512 is joined or disposed on or around the framework of the anastomosis device 500. Additionally, one or both sides of the covering materia! 512, or portions thereof, may be coated, in some embodiments, certain coatings and/or treatments are applied to the covering material(s) 512 located on some portions of the anastomosis device 500, and other coatings and/or treatments are applied to the material(s) 512 located on other portions of the anastomosis device 500. In some embodiments, a combination of multiple coatings and/or treatments are applied to the covering material 512, or portions thereof.
• certain portions of the covering material 512 are left uncoated and/or untreated.
• the device 500 is fully or partially coated to facilitate or frustrate a biological reaction, such as, but not limited to, endothelial cell attachment, endothelial cell migration, endothelial cell proliferation, and resistance to or promotion of thrombosis.
• a first portion of the covering material 512 is formed of a first materia! and a second portion of the covering material 512 is formed of a second material that is different than the first material.
• the covering material 512 is comprised of multiple layers of materials, which may be the same or different materials.
• portions of the covering materia! 512 have one or more radiopaque markers attached thereto to enhance in vivo radiographic visualization of the anastomosis device 500, or one or more echogenic areas to enhance ultrasonic visibility.
• one or more portions of the covering material 512 are attached to the framework of the device 500, such as the centra!
• the attachment can be accomplished by a variety of techniques such as, but not limited to, stitching the covering material 512 to the framework of the device 500, adhering the covering material 512 to the framework of the device 500, iaminating multiple layers of the covering material 512 to encompass portions of the elongate members of the device 500, using clips or barbs, iaminating multiple layers of the covering materia! together through openings in the framework of the device 500, in some embodiments, the covering material 512 is attached to the framework of the device 500 at a series of discrete locations, thereby facilitating the flexibility of the framework. In some embodiments, the covering materia! 512 is loosely attached to the framework of the device 500. It is to be appreciated that the covering materia! 512 may be attached to the framework using other techniques or combinattons of techniques described herein.
• the framework of the device 500 (or portions thereof) is coated with a bonding agent (e.g., fluorinated ethylene propylene or other suitable adhesive) to facilitate attachment of the covering material 512 to the framework.
• a bonding agent e.g., fluorinated ethylene propylene or other suitable adhesive
• Such adhesives may be applied to the framework using contact coating, powder coating, dip coating, spray coating, or any other appropriate means.
• the covering material 512 can adapt to changes in the length and/or diameter of the centra! portion 506 in a variety of manners, in a first example, the covering material 512 can be elastic such that the covering material 512 can stretch to
• the covering materia! can include slackened material in the low-profile delivery configuration that becomes less slackened or totally unslackened when the device 500 is in the expanded configuration.
• the covering materia! 512 can include folded portions (e.g., pleats) that are folded in the low-profile configuration and less folded or totally unfolded when the device 500 Is in the expanded configuration. In some embodiments, combinations of such techniques, and/or other techniques can be used whereby the covering material 512 can adapt to changes in the length and/or diameter of the central portion 506, 0045]
• the one or more elongate e!ement(s) 501 of the centra! portion 506 can be configured in various ways to define a generally cylindrical framework. In the
• the elongate elements) 501 of the central portion 506 are wound circumferentially around the central portion 506.
• the elongate element(s) 501 can exhibit other winding paths, such as the wavy or serpentine path shown (e.g., approximately sinusoidal) and other paths.
• the winding path of the elongate e!ement(s) 501 in the central portion 506 has eight apices per circumference, and an apical length of about 3.5 mm.
• the elongate element(s) 501 of the central portion 506 can be made to have more or less than eight apices per circumference, and can be made to have an apical length of more than or less than 3,5 mm, as desired to suit a particular application.
• the elongate element(s) 501 of the central portion 506 can be made to have three, four, five, six, seven, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, or more than sixteen apices per circumference.
• the elongate eiement(s) 501 of the central portion 506 can be made to have an apical length in a range of about 1 mm to about 2 mm, or about 2 mm to about 3 mm, or about 3 mm to about 4 mm, or about 4 mm to about 5 mm, or about 5 mm to about 6 mm, or about 6 mm to about 7 mm, or greater than 7 mm.
• the apposition portions 502 and 504 include one or more flange components 502a and 504a, respectively.
• flange components e.g., flange components 502a and 504a
• the flange components 502a and 504a are configured to contact tissues and to exert an apposition pressure thereto. While the depicted embodiment includes four flange components 502a and four flange components 504a, other quantities of flange components 502a and 504a can be included.
• one, two, three, five, six, seven, eight, or more than eight flange components 502a and/or 504a may be included, !n some embodiments, unequal numbers of flange components 502a and flange components 504a are included.
• the flange components 502a and 504a can be configured to exert a predictable and desired apposition force when in contact with tissue.
• the material(s), the diameter, and other properties of the elongate element can be selected to attain a desired apposition force.
• Elongate elements e.g., nitinoi elongate members
• Elongate elements made of other suitable materials and with larger or smaller diameters can be selected as desired.
• the geometry of the flange components 502a and 504a can also affect the apposition force exerted by the flange components 502a and 504a. That is, geometry aspects such as, but not limited to, the length, width, radii angles, arcs (and the like) of the flange components 502a and/or 504a can be selected to attain a desired apposition force.
• the flange components 502a and 504a can be configured to have an offset orientation between the opposite end portions of the anastomosis device 500. That is, the axes of one or more of the individual flange components 502a may be offset (e.g., skewed, or out of alignment) from the axes of one or more of the individual flange components 504a. In some such embodiments, some or all of the flange components 502a and 504a can be configured to cross each other (e.g., overlap each other in an interposing arrangement), in some such
• some or all of the flange components 502a and 504a may be offset from each other but not crossing each other.
• the axes of one or more of the individual flange components 502a may be generally in alignment (e.g., substantially parallel) with the axes of one or more of the individual flange components 504a.
• some or all of the flange components 502a and 504a can be configured to abut each other, in some such embodiments, some or all of the flange components 502a and 504a may be in alignment with each other but not abutting each other.
• one or more of the flange components 502a and/or 504a may vary in configuration in comparison to one or more others of the flange components 502a and/or 504a.
• the flange components 502a can protrude farther towards the centra! portion 508 than the flange components 504a (or vice versa).
• one or more of the flange components 502a or 504a can protrude farther towards the central portion 506 than others of the flange components 502a or 504a respectively.
• one or more of the flange components 502a and/or 504a may have two or more portions with differing curvatures (radii).
• radii curvatures
• at least some of the flange components 502a and/or 504a extend from the central portion 508 at a first radius, and then straighten to a generally linear portion, and then curve along a second radius after which the flange components 502a and/or 504a terminate.
• the first radius is unequal to the second radius.
• the first and second radii are curved in opposite directions from each other,
• a radius 558 of the flange components 502a and 504a protrudes beyond the central portion 506 of the device. Therefore, the force applied by the flange components 502a and 504a may push some tissue into the radius 558, thereby making a longer and potentially stronger or less leak-prone anastomosis.
• the radius 558 of curvature is determined by the allowed strain of the nitinol material when loaded into a delivery system (e.g. , sheath). For example, in some embodiments a strain of about 6.4% may result. However, other strain levels of less than or more than about 6.4% are used in some embodiments.
• including multiple flange components 502a and 504a may tend to reduce the potential for causing tissue ischemia.
• individual flange components 502a are configured differently from each other, and/or individual flange components 504a are configured differently from each other.
• the flange components 502a and 504a can remain discrete from each other (as shown), or in some embodiments the flange components 502a and 504a are interconnected to each other by, for example, the covering 512.
• the flange components 502a and 504a can oppose or not oppose each other, can crisscross over each other, can have different geometries (e.g., lengths, widths, angles, radii, shapes, etc.).
• one or both of the flange components 502a and 504a protrude from the central portion 506 at an axial orientation and shape to achieve a specific desired apposition pressure on the tissue.
• one or more of the shape of the flange components, the number of flange components, the elongate element size, and the tissue thickness are factors that are selectable to achieve a specific force profile vs. displacement.
• various exemplary flange component designs 510, 520, 530, and 540 are shown.
• the free ends shown in FIGS. 3-6 are where the flange components design 510, 520, 530, and 540 would extend from the device body (e.g., anastomosis device 500).
• the force vs. displacement curves for each is shown in FIG. 7.
• the exemplary flange component 510 includes a sharply descending region 511 extending to the edge of the central portion (not shown), and a substantially horizontal region 513 extending away from the device.
• the exemplary flange component 510 includes a sharply descending region 511 extending to the edge of the central portion (not shown), and a substantially horizontal region 513 extending away from the device.
• the component 520 includes a moderately sharp descending region 514 connected to and a sloping region 515 extending away from the device.
• the exemplary flange component 520 includes a linearly descending region 522 extending away from the device.
• the exemplary flange component 530 includes a gradual sloping curved region 532 extending away from the device, in some embodiments, one or more regions of the flange components longitudinally extend towards the central portion of the device of which the flange components are part of (e.g., towards central portion 506 of
• flange component force vs. displacement profiles may be advantageous for achieving a desired apposition pressure and/or other performance characteristics.
• a graph of feree vs. displacement shows the apposition force that can be applied by each flange component 510 (51 Of), 520 ⁇ 520f), 530 (530f), and 540 ⁇ 540f).
• the force vs. displacement profile of flange component 510 can include a steep linear slope, as shown by 51 Of, Curve 51 Of may be of particular benefit if the organs to be apposed are not close together.
• the force vs. displacement profile of flange component 520 can include a shallow linear slope that abruptly changes to a steep linear slope (520f).
• Curve 520f may be of particular benefit for creating high apposition force during the initial healing phase while the anastomosis is being created. During this time the tissue may be thicker and inflamed utilizing the steep linear profile of 520f. As the tissue inflammation and resulting tissue thickness reduced, the shallow part of curve 520f would be employed helping to avoid necrosis of the tissue.
• the force vs. displacement profile of flange component 530 produces a shallow linear slope (530f). Curve 530f provides a shallow linear increase in force with respect to
• the force vs. displacement profile of flange component 540 can include a continuously increasing slope (540f).
• flange components and other variations also contemplated within the scope of this disclosure) can be selected for a particular application as desired.
• the force vs. displacement curve achieved by flange component 540 may be advantageous in particular applications because the curve smoothly increases and the design allows for a broad area of contact over a large range of displacement.
• FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate another example anastomosis device 1200
• Anastomosis device 1200 is an example variation of the anastomosis device 500 described above.
• the anastomosis device 1200 has first and second apposition portions 1202 and 1204 that are designed differently than the first and second apposition portions 502 and 504 of anastomosis device 500,
• the one or more apposition members 1208 and 210 that make up the first and second apposition portions 1202 and 1204 can be configured to provide functional properties that are desirable in some implementations.
• the framework of the device 1200 or any portion thereof can comprise elongate elements such as a spring wire (e.g., L805 steel o stainless steels), shape memory alloy wire (e.g., nitinol or nitino! alloys), super-elastic alloy wire (e.g., nitinol or nitinol alloys), other suitable types of wire, or combinations thereof.
• the framework includes an elongate element that is formed by winding, for example.
• different types of wires are used at different locations of the device 1200.
• device 1200 or portions thereof can be formed from the same piece of precursor material that is cut to create the elongate element framework structure as desired.
• the device 1200 or portions thereof may be constructed of polymeric materials.
• the device 1200 is shown with a covering material, as described above, ft should be understood that anastomosis device 1200 can be constructed using any of the materials and techniques described in reference to any and all other anastomosis devices described herein.
• the central portion 1206 of the device can be constructed to have a tailored radial strength by, for example, varying the elongate element's sine wave amplitude, angle, number of apices per row, number of rows, wire diameter, and by selecting (or not selecting) a covering material.
• the radial strength of the central portion 1206 may be designed to resist circumferential loading from the surrounding tissue. Therefore, in some embodiments the radial strength of the central portion 1206 is configured to facilitate remodeling of the tissue external to the centra! portion 1206 to become approximate in size to the outer diameter of the central portion 1206.
• anastomosis device 1200 When the anastomosis device 1200 (and the other anastomosis devices provided herein) is implanted to form an anastomosis, the radial strength of the central portion 1206 provides resistance to the hoop force applied by the surrounding tissue. Therefore, an anastomosis device with strong radial strength in the central portion (e.g., central portion 1206) will substantially maintain an open lumen at a desired dimension, In addition, a device with strong radial strength can advantageously act as a scaffold for tissue to grow around the device.
• the materials and configuration of the anastomosis device 1200 allow the device 1200 to be elastically crushed, folded, and/or collapsed into a low-profile configuration for containment within a lumen for transcatheter or endoscopic/thorascopic delivery, and to self-expand to an operative size and
• the first apposition portion 1202 and the second apposition portion 1204 are configured to engage one or more layers of tissue between the first and second apposition portions 1202 and 1204, and to provide apposition forces against the tissue surfaces.
• the apposition forces provided by the first and second apposition portions 1202 and 1204 can facilitate fixation of the device 1200 to the tissue, and provide migration resistance such that the device 1200 can reiiabfy remain positioned at a target site in a patient as desired.
• the first apposition portion 1202 and the second apposition portion 1204 each include one or more apposition members 208 and 1210 respectively.
• the anastomosis device 200 can be configured in a collapsed low-profile delivery configuration in which the apposition members 1208 and 1210 are radially compressed such that they extend substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the device. In the deployed or expanded configuration, the apposition members 1208 and 1210 protrude outwardly from the central portion 1206.
• the first angle 1216 is a shallow angle.
• the angle 1216 is acute, e.g., less than about 90°, or less than about 75°, or less than about 60°, or less than about 45°, or less than about 30°, or less than about 25°, or less than about 20°, or less than about 15", or less than about 10°, or less than about 5°.
• the angle 1216 is between about 15° and about 20°, or between about 10° and about 30°, or between about 5° and about 45°.
• the angle 1216 is relatively shallow, and because the apposition member 1210 extends towards the central portion 1206, a portion of the apposition member 1210 is therefore orientated relatively close to the access location ⁇ i.e., the incision location in which the anastomosis device 1200 will be deployed). Hence, this configuration facilitates an effective and sustainable apposition of tissue.
• the second angle 1214 is a larger angle than the first angle 1216.
• the angle 1214 is greater than about 90°, less than about 45°, less than about 25°, less than about 20°, less than about 15°, less than about 10°, or less than about 5°.
• the angle 1214 is between about 30° and about 40°, or about 20° and about 45°, or about 30° and about 50°, or about 40° and about 60°, or about 50° and about 70°, or about 60° and about 80°, or about 70° and about 90°.
• the second angle 1214 is larger than the first angle 1216 such that a portion of the apposition member is orientated farther away from the access location. While, the shallow angle of the first angle 1216 permits tissue contact resulting in apposition force near the access location, the larger angle of the second angle 1214 permits tissue contact away from the access location, providing anti-migration forces to kee the device 1200 in place. Moreover, in some embodiments the larger angle of the second angle 1214 permits the terminal ends of the apposition members 1208 and/or 1210 to be out of contact with tissue in situ. In some such implementations, by having fins pointing away from the apposed tissue, the potential for tissue over-growth on fins can be delayed or avoided. By delaying or avoiding tissue overgrowth the device can be easily removed when/if needed. In some embodiments, a single apposition member of this design can provide the benefits that are associated with having duai length apposition members.
• the apposition members 1208 and 1210 are in axial alignment with each other such that the positions of th apposition members 1208 and 1210 around the periphery of the centra! portion 1206 longitudinally coincide with each other.
• the apposition members 1208 and 1210 are out or axial alignment with each other such that the positions of the apposition members 1208 and 1210 around the periphery of the central portion 1206 do not longitudinally coincide with each other,
• some or all of the apposition members 1208 and 1210 may be offset from each other, or in alignment with each other, while not crossing each other.
• some or all of the apposition members 1208 and 1210 may be in alignment with each other and abutting each other.
• an anastomosis device 1300 is shown having a central portion 1306 that is interchangeable with any other central portion described herein, a first apposition portion 1302, and a second apposition portion 1304.
• the framework of device 1300 or any portion thereof can comprise one or more elongate elements such as a spring wire (e.g., L605 steel or stainless steels), shape memory alloy wire (e.g., nitinol or nitinoi alloys), super-elastic alloy wire (e.g., nitinol or nitinol alloys), other suitable types of wire, or combinations thereof ⁇ as described above in reference to elongate element 501).
• a spring wire e.g., L605 steel or stainless steels
• shape memory alloy wire e.g., nitinol or nitinoi alloys
• super-elastic alloy wire e.g., nitinol or nitinol alloys
• the framework is comprised of a single elongate element that is formed by winding and shape-setting, for example.
• different types of elongate elements are used at different locations of the device 1300.
• the anastomosis device 1300 (or portions thereof) can be formed from the same piece of precursor material that is cut and expanded to create the elongate element framework structure as desired.
• the device 1300 (or portions thereof) may be constructed of polymeric materials, it should be understood that anastomosis device 1300 can be constructed using any of the materials and techniques described in reference to any and ail other anastomosis devices described herein.
• the framework of the central portion 1306 can be configured such that the central portion 1306 is longitudinally extendable.
• the framework of the central portion 1306 includes serpentine-wound portions that allow for longitudinal extension and retraction (like a spring). Accordingly the longitudinal length of the central portion 306 can self-adjust based on in vivo loading forces. This feature can be
• the device 300 may include a covering material 1312. in some embodiments.
• the covering 1312 is made of stretchable (elastic-like) material that can have a high percentage of recoverable strain (e.g., recoverable strain in the magnitude of 100s of percentage per unit length).
• Some embodiments of such covering materials may include, but are not limited to, pure silicone, urethane material, or such materials that are imbibed in or laminated to other materials including, but not limited to, fiouropolymers such as ePTFE.
• the covering material 1312 is as described herein (e.g., similar or identical to covering material 512),
• the first apposition portion 1302 and the second apposition portion 1304 are configured to engage one or more layers of tissue between the first and second apposition portions 1302 and 1304, and to provide apposition forces against the tissue surfaces.
• the apposition forces provided by the first and second apposition portions 1302 and 1304 can facilitate attachment of the device 1300 to the tissue and provide displacement resistance such that the device 1300 can retiab!y remain positioned at a target site in a patient as desired.
• the first apposition portion 1302 and the second apposition portion 1304 each include one or more apposition members 1302a or 1302a' and 1304a or 1304a' (also referred to herein as anchor members, fins, flange portions, petals, etc.).
• the apposition members 1302a and 1304a are bare elongate elements (without a covering).
• the apposition members 1302a' and 1304a' have the covering material 1312 disposed on at least some areas of their elongate elements.
• one or more of the apposition members 1302a or 1302a ! and/or 1304a or 1304a' have different configurations (e.g., geometries, lengths, widths, shapes, etc.) than one or more other apposition members 1302a or 1302a ! and/or 1304a or 1304a',
• the materials of the anastomosis device 1300 allow the device 1300 to be elastically crushed, folded, and/or collapsed into a low-profile configuration for containment within a lumen for transcatheter or
• the anastomosis device 1300 can be configured in a collapsed delivery configuration in which the framework is compressed to a low-profile such that the apposition members 1302a or 1302a' and 1304a or 1304a' extend substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the device 1300. in the deployed or expanded configuration, the apposition members 1302a or 1302a ! and 1304a or 1304a' extend outwardly from the central portion 1306.
• the lengths of some of the apposition members 1302a or 1302a' and 1304a or 1304a' are dissimilar to provide both sufficient apposition forces near the periphery of the access location or hole where access is created, and anti- migration forces farther away therefrom.
• one or more of the apposition members 1302a or 1302a' is longer than one or more of the apposition members 1304a or 1304a'.
• the apposition members 1302a or 1302a' and/or 1304a or 1304a' have varying lengths and are alternated, or arranged around the periphery of the first apposition portion 1302 and/or the second apposition portion 1304 in a pattern. In some embodiments, the apposition members 1302a or 1302a' and/or 1304a or 1304a' within each apposition portion 1102 and/or 1104 are uniform in length.
• the apposition members 1302a or 1302a' and/or 1304a or 1304a' have lengths that are selected based at least in part on the size of tissue structures that the device 1300 is to be implanted into. For example, if a first tissue structure generally includes smaller geometry than the second tissue structure, having differing lengths of the apposition members 1302a or 1302a' versus 1304a or 1304a ! can be advantageous.
• the apposition portion entering the smaller tissue structure may beneficially have apposition members with a shorter length, while longer apposition members may be better-suited in the larger tissue structure, in some such implementations, the shorter length apposition members provide an appropriate fit for the smaller tissue structure thus ensuring sufficient tissue contact necessary for an anastomosis device, whiie the longer apposition members provide anti-migratory forces that help to retain the device in place.
• such short and long apposition members 1302a or 1302a' and/or 1304a or 1304a' are staggered, nested, or separated around a periphery of a particular apposition portion 1302 and/or 1304.
• the anastomosis device 1 00 (and other embodiments that share design features of the anastomosis device 1300) can exhibit the following advantages. Having varying lengths of apposition members 1302a or 1302a' and/or 1304a or 1304a' can provide apposition at various target tissue locations. Having one or more such specific apposition zones may minimize or eliminate leakage of fluid or other contents that pass through the device lumen. Discrete apposition members 1302a or 1302a' and/or 1304a or 1304a' that move independently of each other can provide advantageous apposition member conformability to non-p!anar tissue topography.
• the flexible discrete design of the apposition members 1302a or 1302a' and/or 1304a or 1304a' can facilitate device 1300 removal by folding the apposition members 1302a or 1302a' and/or 1304a or 1304a' parallel to the lumen of the device 1300, This flexibility of the apposition members 1302a or 1302a' and/or 1304a or 1304a * may help to minimize tissue injury during removal of the anastomosis device 1300.
• FIG. 13 another example central portion 206 can be included as part of any the anastomosis devices provided herein.
• the central portion 206 is comprised of a framework of one or more elongate elements.
• the central portion 206 is shown without a covering material, however the covering materials) described elsewhere herein can be applied to the central portion 206 in some embodiments.
• the central portion 206 is shown in an undeployed or low-profile delivery configuration. When deployed in a patient, the central portion 206 can self-expand or be forced to expand to an expanded configuration.
• the one or more elongate elements of the centra! portion 206 can be constructed from the same types of materials and can be constructed using the same types of techniques as described above in reference to the elongate elements of anastomosis device 500,
• the centra! portion 210 is formed by one or more wound wires.
• the central portion 206 is formed from a unitary piece of precursor material that is cut to create the elongate element framework structure as desired.
• the precursor material is a tube (e.g., a nitinol tube) that is laser cut to form the desired elongate element framework structure.
• the precursor material is a sheet (e.g., a nitinol sheet) that is laser cut to form the desired elongate element framework structure.
• a sheet e.g., a nitinol sheet
• different types of elongate elements are used at different portions of the central portion 206.
• the central portion 206 or portions thereof may be constructed of polymeric materials.
• the central portion 206 includes one or more axial adjustment members 218 extending along the longitudinal axis of the central portion 206.
• the axial adjustment members 218 allow the axial length (also referred to herein as "longitudinal length") of the central portion 206 to eiasttcaiiy extend or contract (as described above in reference to the framework of the central portion 1306 of anastomosis device 1300),
• the central portion 206 also includes one or more cells 212.
• the one or more cells 212 interconnect the axial adjustment members 218.
• the cells 212 allow for the radial expansion and contraction of the central portion 206, and provide radial strength to the device to maintain its shape/size while resisting external compression forces.
• the cells 212 expand in the circumferential direction and collapse in the longitudinal direction. While the cells 212 are shown as having a diamond-like shape, other geometries may be used, !n the depicted embodiment, pairs of ceils 212 are
• a single cell 212, or more than two ceils 212, may be included (rather than the pair shown).
• the cells 212 are unconnected to adjacent cells 212 along the longitudinal axis of the centra! portion 206. As such, the cells 212 connecting to the axial adjustment members 218 do not substantially constrain the axial expansion or contraction of the axial adjustment members 218 and/or the centra! portion 206. in some embodiments, the cells 212 provide radial strength to the centra! portion 206. That is, in some embodiments the cells 212 tend to self-expand into an expanded
• Such self-expansion can provide radial forces from the central portion 206 to the tissues in that are contacted by the central portion 206,
• axial length of the central portion 206 is adjusted before or during deployment, e.g., by a clinician to accommodate differences in tissue thicknesses.
• the axial adjustment member 218 self-responds to mechanical forces exerted on the deployed anastomosis device in situ.
• the axial adjustment member 218 permits the axial length of the device to dynamically adjust during the healing process (as described above in reference to centra! portion 1306).
• the anastomosis devices provided herein are deployable to a target site within a patient using one or more catheters, delivery sheaths, and other suitable devices and techniques, in some implementations, the anastomosis devices provided herein are deployable using an endoscopic or laparoscopic approach.
• the device does not include a tunnel or central aperture through the device.
• the devices provided herein can be used for sealing or anchoring a heart valve implant
• a heart valve implant enables one-way flow of blood from a heart chamber and usually has a first inflow end and a second outflow end. The contractions of the heart cause flow of blood through the valve from the inflow end to the outflow end.
• a valve assembly within the heart valve implant provides fo one way flow, opening to allow flow from the inflow to the outflow end when the pressure of the blood is higher on the inflow end, and closing to prevent flow when the pressure on the outflow end is higher than the inflow end.
• the device includes a funnel or centra!
• a valve assembly can be attached in the tunnel or central aperture.
• the apposition portions of the device can be configured to be highly conformable to the topography of the heart chambers or blood vessels, and compliant with the beating movements of the heart,
• a covering material is configured to allow flow through a valve assembly in the tunnel or aperture while preventing flow around the apposition portions.

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• 2015
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