WO2015146507A1 - 切削工具 - Google Patents
切削工具 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015146507A1 WO2015146507A1 PCT/JP2015/056225 JP2015056225W WO2015146507A1 WO 2015146507 A1 WO2015146507 A1 WO 2015146507A1 JP 2015056225 W JP2015056225 W JP 2015056225W WO 2015146507 A1 WO2015146507 A1 WO 2015146507A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cutting
- coating
- rake face
- cutting edge
- flank
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 204
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 99
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 14
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000018782 Dacrydium cupressinum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000013697 Pinus resinosa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000534656 Pinus resinosa Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XHFVDZNDZCNTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-H chromium(3+);tricarbonate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[Cr+3].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O XHFVDZNDZCNTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FXNGWBDIVIGISM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#[C] FXNGWBDIVIGISM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
- B23B27/141—Specially shaped plate-like cutting inserts, i.e. length greater or equal to width, width greater than or equal to thickness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27B—SAWS FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COMPONENTS OR ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- B27B33/00—Sawing tools for saw mills, sawing machines, or sawing devices
- B27B33/02—Structural design of saw blades or saw teeth
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
- B23B2200/24—Cross section of the cutting edge
- B23B2200/245—Cross section of the cutting edge rounded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
- B23B2228/10—Coatings
- B23B2228/105—Coatings with specified thickness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27G—ACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; TOOLS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; SAFETY DEVICES FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES OR TOOLS
- B27G13/00—Cutter blocks; Other rotary cutting tools
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cutting tool used for cutting non-ferrous metals and alloys thereof, wood, wood material or resin.
- a cutting tool for cutting wood one with one or both sides of a rake face and a flank face covered with a hard coating has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the hard film is formed on a base material such as tool steel by a coating process using an arc ion plating apparatus, and is formed with a film thickness of, for example, about 4 ⁇ m over the rake face and the flank face. Then, one of the rake face and the flank face is polished and bladed. Thereby, while the base material is exposed on one of the rake face and the flank face, a blade with the other of the flank face or the rake face not polished is covered with the hard coating is obtained. Note that, in order to obtain a cutting tool in which both the rake face and the flank face are covered with a hard coating, the base material is previously bladed and polished.
- a knives with either one of the rake face or flank face coated with a hard coating requires special special grinding stones or severe polishing conditions in order to obtain good cutting quality, which increases manufacturing costs. Problems arise.
- the rake face and flank face do not take into account the film thickness ratios of the respective faces. Since the wear rate of the steel does not change much, the shape of the worn cutting edge becomes round. That is, a double-sided coated blade, like a single-sided blade, can maintain a sharp cutting edge derived from self-polishing properties in which the surface not coated with a hard coating progresses faster than the surface coated with a hard coating. I can't expect it.
- the cutting edge is hard due to the stress remaining locally on the cutting edge with an acute angle. It has also been found that film chipping is likely to occur.
- the present invention has been proposed in order to suitably solve these problems related to the prior art, and a cutting tool that can suppress chipping of the cutting blade while maintaining the sharpness of the cutting blade.
- the purpose is to provide.
- the cutting tool provides: Cutting used to cut non-ferrous metals and their alloys, wood, wood materials or resins, having a coating formed on at least part of the rake face and flank face including the cutting edge by covering the base material
- the coating is formed such that any one of a rake face covering portion that covers the rake face and a flank face covering portion that covers the flank face is thicker than the other,
- the film thickness of the thicker coating part is set in the range of 0.5 ⁇ m to 15.0 ⁇ m, and the ratio of the film thickness of the thinner coating part to the film thickness of the thicker coating part is 0.01 to
- the gist is that it is set to be in the range of 0.15.
- the surface of the rake face and the flank face having the thin film thickness has a self-polishing property in which the wear progresses more than the thick film surface. Can maintain the sharpness. Moreover, chipping of the cutting edge can be suppressed by forming the coating so that the film thickness differs between the rake face and the flank face.
- the portion corresponding to the cutting edge in the base material is 0.2 ⁇ m to 18 ⁇ m from the intersection of the extension line of the rake face and the extension line of the relief surface in the base material.
- the gist is that they are formed so as to be separated from each other.
- the chipping of the cutting edge is performed in the cutting tool coated with the coating over the rake face and the flank face including the part by chamfering the part corresponding to the cutting edge in the base material. Can be further suppressed.
- the gist of the invention according to claim 3 is that a portion of the base material corresponding to the cutting edge is formed in an arc shape having a radius of 0.5 ⁇ m to 6.0 ⁇ m.
- the invention of claim 3 in the cutting tool coated with the coating over the rake face and the flank face including the part by forming the part corresponding to the cutting edge in the base material in an arc shape, The chipping of the blade can be more suitably suppressed.
- the invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that the ratio of the film thickness of the thinner covering portion to the film thickness of the thicker covering portion is set to be in a range of 0.01 to 0.05. . According to the invention according to claim 4, by setting the ratio of the film thickness of the thinner coating part to the film thickness of the thicker coating part in the film, the ratio is set in the range of 0.01 to 0.05, Maintaining the sharpness of the cutting edge by self-polishing characteristics and suppressing the chipping of the cutting edge can be achieved in a balanced manner.
- the coating film has a layer composed of at least chromium-containing nitride, oxynitride, oxide, carbide, carbonate, carbonitride, and carbonitride. It is a summary. According to the invention which concerns on Claim 5, abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance can be improved by having a layer containing chromium as a film.
- the cutting tool according to the present invention can suppress chipping of the cutting blade while maintaining the sharpness of the cutting blade.
- FIG. 1 is a top view which shows the replacement blade of the cutting tool which concerns on the suitable Example of this invention
- (b) is a front view.
- It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the cutting blade of the cutting tool which concerns on an Example, and is a case where a coating film is formed thicker than a flank in a rake face.
- It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the cutting blade of the cutting tool which concerns on an Example, and is a case where a coating film is formed thicker than a rake face.
- 4 is an electron micrograph of an enlarged cross-section of a main part of a cemented carbide replaceable blade, showing Test Example 4.
- FIG. 1 is a top view which shows the replacement blade of the cutting tool which concerns on the suitable Example of this invention
- (b) is a front view.
- It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the cutting blade of the cutting tool which concerns on an Example, and is a case where a coating film is formed thicker
- FIG. 7 is an electron micrograph of an enlarged cross-section of a main part of a cemented carbide replaceable blade, showing Test Example 7.
- FIG. (a) shows the film thickness of the rake face for each distance from the cutting edge in the super hard blades of Test Examples 1 to 4, and (b) shows the distance from the cutting edge in the super hard blades of Test Examples 1 to 4.
- the flank film thickness for each flank is shown, and (c) shows the ratio of the film thickness between the rake face and the flank surface for each distance from the cutting edge in the carbide replacement blades of Test Examples 1 to 4.
- circle 1 corresponds to Test Example 1
- circle 2 corresponds to Test Example 2
- circle 3 corresponds to Test Example 3
- circle 4 corresponds to Test Example 4.
- circle 1 corresponds to Test Example 5
- circle 2 corresponds to Test Example 6
- circle 3 corresponds to Test Example 7.
- FIG. It is a figure which piles up and shows cutting edge line roughness before and after the cutting test of test 1, and (a) shows test example 4, (b) shows test example 1, and (c) shows comparative example 1. Show.
- the replaceable blade 10 of the cutting tool is configured by using, as a base material 12, a cermet containing steel such as tool steel, cutter steel, bearing steel, stainless steel, or cemented carbide, or a composite material obtained by combining these. (See FIGS. 1 to 3).
- the cutting blade 10 of the cutting tool has a hard coating 20 formed on both the rake face 14 and the flank face 16 with respect to the base material 12 that has been sharpened by polishing in order to improve wear resistance.
- the rake face 14 including the blade 18 and the flank face 16 are covered with a coating 20.
- the coating 20 may cover the entire rake face 14 and the flank 16, and a part of the rake face 14 in a direction away from the cutting edge 18 and / or from the cutting edge 18 on the flank 16.
- covers the partial range in the direction to separate may be sufficient.
- the replacement blade 10 of the cutting tool is covered with the coating 20 in the rake face 14 and the flank face 16 in a range mainly used for cutting the work material (a range of 0.1 mm from the cutting edge 18). That's fine.
- the coating 20 has a main layer (layer) composed of at least one of nitride, oxynitride, oxide, carbide, carbonate, carbonitride, and carbonitride containing at least chromium.
- the main layer containing chromium faces the outer surface of the coating film 20. That is, as a main layer, chromium nitride (CrN), chromium oxynitride (CrNO), chromium oxide (CrO), chromium carbide (CrC), chromium carbonate (CrCO), chromium carbonitride (CrCN), An example is chromium carbonitride (CrCNO).
- the coating film 20 has a layer containing chromium, it is possible to improve the wear resistance of the target work material such as wood.
- chromium B (boron), Al (aluminum), Si (silicon), Ti (titanium), V (vanadium), Ni (nickel), Cu (copper), Y (yttrium), Zr (zirconium) ), Nb (niobium), Mo (molybdenum), Hf (hafnium), Ta (tantalum), and W (tungsten) can be combined.
- the coating 20 may be formed by laminating a plurality of the main layers, and an appropriate underlayer may be provided between the main layer and the base material 12.
- the underlayer at least metal, nitride, carbide, carbonitride, carbonate, oxide, oxynitride, carbonitride, etc. containing one or more elements such as titanium and aluminum in addition to metal chromium One layer may be mentioned.
- the coating film 20 is formed so that the rake face covering portion 22 covering the rake face 14 and the flank face covering portion 24 covering the flank face 16 have different film thicknesses C1 and C2. It is formed. That is, one of the rake face covering portion 22 and the flank face covering portion 24 is set such that the film thicknesses C1 and C2 are thicker than the other.
- the rake face 14 is mainly used in the replaceable blade 10 of the cutting tool
- the rake face covering portion 22 is formed thicker than the flank face covering portion 24, and the film thickness C1 of the rake face covering portion 22 is 0.5 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m.
- the ratio of the film thickness C2 of the flank face covering portion 24 to the film thickness C1 of the rake face covering portion 22 is in the range of 0.01 to 0.15, more preferably in the range of 0.01 to 0.05. Is set as follows. When the flank 16 is mainly used in the replacement blade 10 of the cutting tool, the flank covering portion 24 is formed thicker than the rake face covering portion 22, and the flank covering portion 24 has a film thickness C2 of 0.5 ⁇ m or more. In the range of 15 ⁇ m, the ratio of the film thickness C1 of the rake face covering portion 22 to the film thickness C2 of the flank covering portion 24 is in the range of 0.01 to 0.15, more preferably in the range of 0.01 to 0.05.
- the ratio between the film thickness C1 of the rake face covering portion 22 and the film thickness C2 of the flank face covering portion 24 may satisfy the above-mentioned range over the entire surface.
- the range of the ratio may be satisfied within a range mainly used for cutting a material (a range of 0.1 mm from the cutting edge 18).
- the film thicknesses C1 and C2 of the thicker cover portions 22 and 24 are in the range of 0.5 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m, whereas the film thicknesses C2 and C1 of the thinner cover portions 24 and 22 are 0. It is set in the range of 005 ⁇ m to 2.25 ⁇ m.
- the film thicknesses C1 and C2 of the thicker covering portions 22 and 24 as the main components are thinner than 0.5 ⁇ m, the wear resistance cannot be sufficiently improved. The film 20 is likely to be defective.
- the ratio of the film thicknesses C2 and C1 of the thinner coating parts 24 and 22 to the film thicknesses C1 and C2 of the thicker coating parts 22 and 24 is larger than 0.15, a thick coating is formed when the work material is cut.
- the surface 16, 14 coated with the coating parts 24, 22 thinner than the surfaces 14, 16 coated with the parts 22, 24 has less self-polishing properties due to the rapid progress of wear and the sharpness of the cutting edge 18. Difficult to maintain.
- the ratio of the film thicknesses C2 and C1 of the thinner cover portions 24 and 22 to the film thicknesses C1 and C2 of the thicker cover portions 22 and 24 is smaller than 0.01. Practically impossible.
- the rake face 14 or the flank 16 which is the main component of the cutting blade 10 of the cutting tool is appropriately selected depending on how to use the cutting blade 10 of the cutting tool and the surfaces 14 and 16 to be repolished.
- the ratio of the film thickness C1 of the rake face covering portion 22 to the film thickness C2 of the flank face covering portion 24 described above is a comparison at a position where the distance from the cutting edge 18 is the same.
- the ratio of the film thickness C1 of the rake face covering portion 22 at a position 0.05 mm away from the cutting edge 18 to the film thickness C2 of the flank face covering portion 24 at a position 0.05 mm away from the cutting edge 18 is within the above range.
- the film thickness C1 of the rake face covering part 22 at a position 0.1 mm away from the cutting edge 18 and the film thickness C2 of the flank covering part 24 at a position 0.1 mm away from the cutting edge 18 The ratio of is set to be in the above range.
- the ratio between the film thickness C1 of the rake face covering portion 22 and the film thickness C2 of the flank face covering portion 24 is set to satisfy the above range at each distance from the cutting edge 18.
- the coating 20 may be formed with the same film thickness from the cutting edge 18 as a whole, but may be formed in an inclined manner so that the film thickness decreases as the distance from the cutting edge 18 increases.
- the base material 12 has a virtual line (extension line) in which a portion corresponding to the cutting edge 18 (hereinafter referred to as a base material edge 12a) extends a rake face 12b of the base material 12. ) It is formed so as to be away from the intersection of P1 and a virtual line (extension line) P2 obtained by extending the flank 12c of the base material 12.
- the chamfering distance x from the intersection to the base material edge 12a is set in a range of 0.20 ⁇ m to 18 ⁇ m.
- the base material edge 12a is formed in an arc shape having a radius r in the range of 0.5 ⁇ m to 6.0 ⁇ m.
- the chamfer distance x is the distance between the intersection point and the base material edge 12a.
- the base material edge 12a is rounded (R)
- the rake face 12b in the base material 12 is used.
- the imaginary line passing through the center of the blade angle ⁇ formed by the flank 12c is the distance from the intersection of the base material edge 12a to the intersection.
- the sharpness of the cutting edge 18 of the replacement blade 10 of the cutting tool obtained by forming the coating film 20 is lost, the sharpness is deteriorated, and the cutting power is increased.
- the base material edge 12a is formed in an arc shape larger than the radius of 6 ⁇ m, the sharpness of the cutting edge 18 of the replacement blade 10 of the cutting tool obtained by forming the coating film 20 is impaired, and the sharpness is deteriorated. There is a demerit that power increases.
- the chamfering distance x It is substantially difficult to set the chamfering distance x to be smaller than 0.20 ⁇ m due to limitations in processing accuracy and the like, and when the coating 20 is formed, the rake face 12b and the flank face 12c are sharpened and ground. There is not much difference from the sharpened material edge 12a.
- the coating 20 can be formed by PVD (physical vapor deposition), and the arc ion plating method is suitable among PVDs, but may be a magnetron sputtering method.
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- the arc ion plating method is suitable among PVDs, but may be a magnetron sputtering method.
- one surface of the rake face 12b or the flank face 12c of the base material 12 is placed so as to be behind a shielding object against an evaporation source such as chromium, or the deposition source
- any one of the rake face 14 and the flank face 16 in the coating 20 can be made thicker than the film thickness of the other face.
- the coating film 20 in which the rake face 14 and the flank face 16 have different film thicknesses C1 and C2 can be easily formed in one batch of PVD processing.
- the replaceable blade 10 of the cutting tool has both the rake face 14 and the flank face 16 covered with the coating 20, it is compared with a single-side coated product obtained by polishing one side after forming the coating 20 on both sides. Even if the coating film 20 is thin, the wear band width can be reduced by the presence of the coating film 20, and friction with the work material during cutting can be reduced.
- the coating film 20 is formed with a film thickness of the other surface thinner than any one of the rake face 14 and the flank face 16, generation of high residual stress can be suppressed, and the cutting edge resulting from the residual stress can be suppressed. The occurrence of 18 chippings (self-destruction) can be prevented. Further, by reducing the film thickness of the other surface of the coating film 20 than either one of the rake face 14 and the flank face 16, the film thickness ratio of the respective faces of the flank face and the flank face that are easy to be coated on one side is set.
- chipping of the cutting portion that contacts the work material at the cutting edge 18 at the time of cutting can be suppressed, and chipping of a non-cutting portion that does not contact the work material can be suppressed. Can also be suppressed.
- the replaceable blade 10 of the cutting tool of the embodiment does not need to remove the coating 20 on the rake face 14 or the flank 16 by blade grinding after forming the coating 20 as in a single-side coated product. No chipping of the cutting edge 18 due to.
- the manufacturing cost can be reduced without restrictions such as a special dedicated grindstone and severe polishing conditions required for edged polishing after the coating is formed.
- the ratio of the film thicknesses C1 and C2 of the other coating parts 24 and 22 to the film thicknesses C1 and C2 of the one coating parts 22 and 24 is set to be in the range of 0.01 to 0.05.
- the replacement blade 10 of the cutting tool is formed by chamfering the base material edge 12a and forming a minute surface (R surface in the embodiment) on the edge 12a.
- generation of high residual stress can be further suppressed, and the occurrence of chipping (self-destruction) of the cutting blade 18 due to the residual stress can be more suitably prevented.
- chipping of not only the non-cutting portion that does not contact the work material but also the cutting material that contacts the work material at the cutting edge 18 at the time of cutting can be more suitably suppressed.
- the composite multilayer coating of Test 1 is laminated in the order of five layers of CrN, one layer of CrNO, one layer of Cr 2 O 3 , one layer of CrN, one layer of CrNO, and one layer of Cr 2 O 3 from the base material side.
- the thickness of each layer with respect to the total thickness is 50% for the CrN layer, 10% for the CrNO layer, 10% for the Cr 2 O 3 layer, 10% for the CrN layer, and 10% for the CrNO layer from the base material side. %, And the outermost Cr 2 O 3 layer is 10%.
- the CrNO layer is an oxynitride and does not show a diffraction peak of chromium oxide by X-ray diffraction.
- the Cr 2 O 3 layer shows a diffraction peak of chromium oxide by X-ray diffraction
- the Cr 2 O 3 layer may contain a slight amount of nitrogen.
- Test 1 a cutting test was performed in which an NC router was used to cut a European red pine glulam with a router bit (blade tip diameter: 46 mm) equipped with the carbide replacement blades of Test Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1.
- the rotational speed of the router bit was 6000 rpm, and the work material was cut 180 m while being cut by 20 mm into the work material while feeding the work material at a feed rate of 1 m / min.
- the amount of retraction of the cutting edge and the wear band width B were measured based on the cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge. The result is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 corresponds to Test Example 1 and FIG. 7A shows the cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge after the cutting test with the carbide replacement blade of Test Example 1.
- FIG. The circle 2 in FIG. 6 corresponds to Test Example 2, and the cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge after the cutting test with the cemented carbide replacement blade of Test Example 2 is shown in FIG.
- the circle 3 in FIG. 6 corresponds to Test Example 3
- FIG. 7C shows the cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge after the cutting test with the superhard replacement blade of Test Example 3.
- a circle 4 in FIG. 6 corresponds to Test Example 4
- FIG. 7D shows a cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge after the cutting test with the cemented carbide replacement blade of Test Example 4.
- the film thickness of the rake face covering portion is in the range of 0.5 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the superhard blades of Test Examples 3 and 4 in which the ratio of the film thickness of the flank film thickness part to the film thickness of the rake face covering part is 0.15 or less.
- the superhard spare blade of Test Example 4 having a ratio of 0.05 or less has self-polishing properties comparable to Comparative Example 1.
- the superhard spare blades of Test Examples 1 to 4 in which both the rake face and the flank face are coated with a coating are the superhard spare blades of Comparative Example 1 in which only the rake face is covered with a coating. It can be confirmed that the wear band width B is smaller than that.
- the relationship between the rake face and the flank face is opposite to that of Test Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 in terms of the design of the blade used.
- the upper surface indicated by reference numeral 14 is a relief surface, and the inclined surface indicated by reference numeral 16 is used as a rake face.
- the superhard spare blades of Test Examples 5 to 7 and Comparative Example 2 are set to form a rake face covering portion having a film thickness of 5 to 6 ⁇ m on the rake face.
- the film thickness of the coating is as shown in FIG.
- the composite multilayer coating of Test 2 has a structure in which four layers of CrN, one layer of CrNO, and one layer of Cr 2 O 3 are laminated in this order from the base material side. From the side, the CrN layer is 60%, the CrNO layer is 20%, and the outermost Cr 2 O 3 layer is 20%.
- the CrNO layer is an oxynitride and does not show a diffraction peak of chromium oxide by X-ray diffraction.
- the Cr 2 O 3 layer has a diffraction peak of chromium oxide in X-ray diffraction, and the Cr 2 O 3 layer may contain a slight amount of nitrogen.
- Test 2 a cutting test was performed on an NC router by cutting European red pine laminated wood with a 75 mm diameter cutter equipped with the carbide replacement blades of Test Examples 5 to 7 and Comparative Example 2.
- the rotational speed of the router bit was 6000 rpm, while the work material was fed at a feed rate of 1 m / min, the work material was cut 120 m while being cut into the work material by 20 mm.
- the amount of retraction of the cutting edge and the wear band width B were measured based on the cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge. The result is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 corresponds to Test Example 5 and FIG. 9A shows the cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge after the cutting test using the carbide replacement blade of Test Example 5.
- FIG. A circle 2 in FIG. 8 corresponds to Test Example 6, and FIG. 9B shows a cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge after the cutting test using the superhard replacement blade of Test Example 6.
- a circle 3 in FIG. 8 corresponds to Test Example 7, and FIG. 9C shows a cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge after the cutting test using the superhard replacement blade of Test Example 7.
- FIG. 9 (d) shows the cemented carbide of Comparative Example 2 in which the coating on the rake face and flank face was removed by blade grinding under the same conditions as the carbide replacement blade of Test Example 6 and the flank face coating was removed.
- the film thickness of the coating covering the rake face is the same as the film thickness of the rake face covering portion of Test Example 6.
- the rake face covering portion in the coating is thicker than the flank face covering portion.
- the carbides of Test Example 6 and Test Example 7 in which the ratio of the thickness of the flank thickness portion to the thickness of the rake face covering portion is 0.15 or less.
- FIG. 10A is an electron micrograph showing an enlargement of the cutting edge of the superhard replacement blade of Test Example 4, and FIG. 10B is an enlarged view of the cutting edge of the superhard replacement blade of Test Example 1.
- FIG. 10C is an electron micrograph showing an enlargement of the cutting edge of the cemented carbide replaceable blade of Comparative Example 1, both in a state before the cutting test is performed. As shown in FIG. 10 (c), it is possible to confirm that a relatively large chipping occurs in the cutting edge of the cemented carbide replaceable blade of Comparative Example 1 in which the edge polishing is performed after the coating is formed.
- chipping of the cutting edge does not occur in the superhard replacement blade of Test Example 4 in which the ratio of the thickness of the flank covering portion to the thickness of the portion is 0.05 or less. Further, it can be confirmed that the chipping of the cutting edge is not generated in the superhard replacement blade of Test Example 4 as compared with the superhard replacement blade of Test Example 1.
- the coating is formed so that the ratio of the film thickness of the flank covering portion to the film thickness of the rake face covering portion is larger than 0.15 as in Test Example 1 shown in FIG. High compressive stress may remain, which is presumed to cause the cutting edge to self-break or chipping easily during cutting.
- the cutting test described in Test 1 was performed on the superhard blades of Test Example 4, Test Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, respectively, and the change in the cutting edge line roughness after cutting from the cutting edge line roughness before cutting was measured. confirmed.
- the result is shown in FIG.
- the magnification of the horizontal axis which is the direction in which the cutting edge line extends, is 10 times, whereas the magnification of the vertical axis showing the change from the cutting edge line before cutting is 500 times.
- the aspect ratio is shown.
- the cutting portion that is in direct contact with the work material in the cutting work of Test 1 is 4.5 mm, and the amount of retraction of the cutting edge line after cutting in the cutting portion of Test Example 4 in FIG.
- 11A is 9 to 10 ⁇ m. .
- the cemented carbide replaceable blades of Test Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 do not contact the work material as well as the cut portion that directly contacts the work material during the cutting process. Chipping has occurred even in the non-cutting part, and when the coating is formed so that the ratio of the film thickness of the flank covering part to the film thickness of the rake face covering part is larger than 0.15, chipping in the non-cutting part is remarkable. I know that there is.
- according to the cemented carbide spare blade of Test Example 4 which is an embodiment of the present invention, it can be confirmed that almost no chipping has occurred in the non-cutting portion, and good cutting edge quality is maintained before and after cutting. ing.
- the super hard blades of Test Examples 8 to 13 have a rake face covering portion with a film thickness of 5 ⁇ m to 6 ⁇ m formed on the rake face, and the film thickness distribution between the rake face and the flank face is the same as Test Example 4 of Test 1 ( This is the same as circle 4) in FIG.
- the portion corresponding to the cutting edge in the base materials of Test Examples 9 to 13 is formed into an arc shape (R surface) by blasting, and the base material of Test Example 8 is subjected to blasting processing on the portion corresponding to the cutting edge. Absent.
- the radius r (the chamfering distance x from the intersection of the rake face extension line of the base metal and the flank extension line of the base metal) of the portion corresponding to the cutting edge of the base metal is Test Example 9 Is 0.5 (0.6) ⁇ m, Test Example 10 is 1.1 (1.3) ⁇ m, Test Example 11 is 1.8 (2.1) ⁇ m, Test Example 12 is 3.1 (3.6) ) ⁇ m, Test Example 13 was 6.0 (7.0) ⁇ m, and Unblasted Test Example 8 was 0.4 (0.5) ⁇ m.
- the chamfering distance x is calculated by the equation of ⁇ R surface radius r / sin (cutter angle ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ R surface radius r.
- the composite multilayer coating of Test 3 is laminated in the order of 5 layers of CrN, 1 layer of CrNO, 1 layer of Cr 2 O 3 , 1 layer of CrN, 1 layer of CrNO, 1 layer of Cr 2 O 3 from the base material side.
- the thickness of each layer with respect to the total thickness is 50% for the CrN layer, 10% for the CrNO layer, 10% for the Cr 2 O 3 layer, 10% for the CrN layer, and 10% for the CrNO layer from the base material side. %, And the outermost Cr 2 O 3 layer is 10%.
- the CrNO layer is an oxynitride and does not show a diffraction peak of chromium oxide by X-ray diffraction.
- the Cr 2 O 3 layer shows a diffraction peak of chromium oxide by X-ray diffraction
- the Cr 2 O 3 layer may contain a slight amount of nitrogen.
- Test 3 a cutting test was performed in which an NC router was used to cut a European red pine glulam with a router bit (cutting edge diameter: 46 mm) to which the superhard blades of Test Examples 8 to 13 were attached.
- the rotational speed of the router bit was 6000 rpm, and the work material was cut by 60 m while being cut by 20 mm into the work material while feeding the work material at a feed rate of 1 m / min.
- the change of the cutting edge line roughness after cutting from the cutting edge line roughness before cutting was confirmed. The result is shown in FIG. In each figure of FIG.
- the magnification of the horizontal axis which is the direction in which the cutting edge line extends, is 10 times, whereas the magnification of the vertical axis showing the change from the cutting edge line before cutting is 500 times.
- the aspect ratio is shown.
- the cutting part which contacts a work material in the cutting process of Test 3 is 5.0 mm.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described configuration, and can be modified as follows, for example.
- the cutting tool is not limited to the shape shown in FIG. 1, and is appropriately formed according to the work material, the cutting method, and the like.
- Examples of cutting tools to which the present invention can be applied include flat blades such as scissors blades, cutters, tip saws, router bits, knives, only corners, and replacement blades thereof.
- the cutting tool according to the present invention is not limited to wood, and can be suitably used for cutting non-ferrous metals and their alloys, wood materials or resins.
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Abstract
Description
母材を被覆して切刃を含むすくい面および逃げ面の少なくとも一部に亘って形成された被膜を有し、非鉄金属およびそれらの合金、木材、木質材料または樹脂の切削加工に用いられる切削工具において、
前記被膜は、前記すくい面を被覆するすくい面被覆部および前記逃げ面を被覆する逃げ面被覆部の何れか一方を他方よりも膜厚が厚くなるよう形成し、
厚い方の被覆部の膜厚を、0.5μm~15.0μmの範囲に設定すると共に、該厚い方の被覆部の膜厚に対する薄い方の被覆部の膜厚の比を、0.01~0.15の範囲になるよう設定したことを要旨とする。
請求項1に係る発明によれば、すくい面および逃げ面のうちで被膜の膜厚が薄い面が被膜の膜厚が厚い面より摩耗が進行する自己研磨特性を有しているので、切刃の鋭さを保つことができる。また、被膜をすくい面と逃げ面とで膜厚が異なるよう形成することで、切刃のチッピングを抑制することができる。
請求項2に係る発明によれば、母材における切刃に対応する部位を面取りすることで、当該部位を含むすくい面および逃げ面に亘って被膜で被覆された切削工具において、切刃のチッピングをより抑えることができる。
請求項3に係る発明によれば、母材における切刃に対応する部位を円弧状に形成することで、当該部位を含むすくい面および逃げ面に亘って被膜で被覆された切削工具において、切刃のチッピングをより好適に抑えることができる。
請求項4に係る発明によれば、被膜において厚い方の被覆部の膜厚に対する薄い方の被覆部の膜厚の比を、0.01~0.05の範囲になるよう設定することで、自己研磨特性による切刃の鋭さの維持と切刃のチッピングの抑制とをバランスよく達成できる。
請求項5に係る発明によれば、被膜としてクロムを含む層を有することで、耐摩耗性と耐食性を向上させることができる。
次に、実施例に係る切削工具の替刃10の作用について説明する。切削工具の替刃10は、被膜20がすくい面14と逃げ面16とで異なる膜厚C1,C2で形成されているから、被削材を切削加工した際に、すくい面14および逃げ面16のうち被膜20の膜厚が厚い一方と比べて、被膜20の膜厚が薄い他方の摩耗が早く進行する自己研磨特性が発現し、この自己研磨特性により切刃18の鋭さを保つことができる。しかも、切削工具の替刃10は、すくい面14および逃げ面16の両面が被膜20で被覆されているから、両面に被膜20を形成した後に片面を研磨して得られる片面被覆品と比べて、被膜20の膜厚が薄い面であっても該被膜20の存在により摩耗帯幅を小さくすることができ、切削加工時の被削材との摩擦を減らすことができる。
PVD装置において、CrNとCrNOとCr2O3とを積層した複合多層被膜を超硬合金からなる母材に同じ条件で形成し、試験例1~4および比較例1のルータービット用の超硬替刃を作成した。何れの超硬替刃も、図1に示すような形状であり、長さLが20mmで、幅Wが12mmで、厚さTが1.5mmで、すくい面14と逃げ面16との刃物角θが55°に設定されている。なお、被膜の膜厚は、図6に示すようになっている。試験1の複合多層被膜は、母材側から5層のCrN、1層のCrNO、1層のCr2O3、1層のCrN、1層のCrNO、1層のCr2O3の順に積層された構造であり、全体の厚みに対する各層の厚みは、母材側からCrN層が50%、CrNO層が10%、Cr2O3層が10%、CrN層が10%、CrNO層が10%、最表層のCr2O3層が10%である。なお、CrNO層は、酸窒化物で、X線回折でクロム酸化物の回折ピークを示さないものである。また、Cr2O3層は、X線回折でクロム酸化物の回折ピークが現れるものであり、Cr2O3層にわずかに窒素を含むこともある。
PVD装置において、CrNとCrNOとCr2O3とを積層した複合多層被膜を超硬合金からなる母材に同じ条件で形成し、試験例5~7および比較例2のルータービット用の超硬替刃を作成した。何れの超硬替刃も、図1に示すような形状であり、長さLが15mmで、幅Wが15mmで、厚さTが2.5mmで、刃物角θが60°に設定されている。なお、試験例5~7および比較例2の超硬替刃は、用いられる刃物の設計上、すくい面と逃げ面との関係が試験例1~4および比較例1と反対であり、図1における符号14が指す上面が逃げ面であり、符号16が指す傾斜面がすくい面となるように用いられる。なお、試験例5~7および比較例2の超硬替刃は、すくい面に膜厚5μm~6μmのすくい面被覆部を形成するように設定している。なお、被膜の膜厚は、図8に示すようになっている。試験2の複合多層被膜は、母材側から4層のCrN、1層のCrNO、1層のCr2O3、の順に積層された構造であり、全体の厚みに対する各層の厚みは、母材側からCrN層が60%、CrNO層が20%、最表層のCr2O3層が20%である。なお、CrNO層は、酸窒化物で、X線回折でクロム酸化物の回折ピークを示さないものである。また、Cr2O3層は、X線回折でクロム酸化物の回折ピークが現れるものであり、Cr2O3層にわずかに窒素を含むこともある。
PVD装置において、CrNとCrNOとCr2O3とを積層した複合多層被膜を超硬合金からなる母材に同じ条件で形成し、試験例8~13のルータービット用の超硬替刃を作成した。何れの超硬替刃も、図1に示すような形状であり、長さLが20mmで、幅Wが12mmで、厚さTが1.5mmで、刃物角θが55°に設定されている。また、試験例8~13の超硬替刃は、すくい面に膜厚5μm~6μmのすくい面被覆部を形成し、すくい面と逃げ面との膜厚分布は、試験1の試験例4(図6のマル4)と同じである。試験例9~13の母材における切刃に対応する部位は、ブラスト処理により円弧状(R面)に形成し、試験例8の母材は、切刃に対応する部位にブラスト処理を施していない。このとき、母材における切刃に対応する部位のR面の半径r(母材におけるすくい面の延長ラインと母材における逃げ面の延長ラインとの交点からの面取り距離x)は、試験例9が0.5(0.6)μm、試験例10が1.1(1.3)μm、試験例11が1.8(2.1)μm、試験例12が3.1(3.6)μm、試験例13が6.0(7.0)μmであり、未ブラスト処理の試験例8は、0.4(0.5)μmであった。なお、前記面取り距離xは、{R面半径r/sin(刃物角θ)}-R面半径rの式により算出している。試験3の複合多層被膜は、母材側から5層のCrN、1層のCrNO、1層のCr2O3、1層のCrN、1層のCrNO、1層のCr2O3の順に積層された構造であり、全体の厚みに対する各層の厚みは、母材側からCrN層が50%、CrNO層が10%、Cr2O3層が10%、CrN層が10%、CrNO層が10%、最表層のCr2O3層が10%である。なお、CrNO層は、酸窒化物で、X線回折でクロム酸化物の回折ピークを示さないものである。また、Cr2O3層は、X線回折でクロム酸化物の回折ピークが現れるものであり、Cr2O3層にわずかに窒素を含むこともある。
前述した構成に限定されず、例えば以下のように変更することも可能である。
(1)切削工具は、図1に示す形状に限定されず、被削材や切削方法などに応じて適宜に形成される。
(2)本発明を適用可能な切削工具としては、鉋刃等の平刃、カッター、チップソー、ルータービット、ナイフ、角のみ、これらの替刃等が挙げられる。
(3)本発明に係る切削工具は、木材に限られず、非鉄金属およびそれらの合金、木質材料または樹脂の切削加工に好適に使用できる。
14 すくい面,16 逃げ面,18 切刃,20 被膜,
22 すくい面被覆部,24 逃げ面被覆部,C1,C2 膜厚
Claims (5)
- 母材(12)を被覆して切刃(18)を含むすくい面(14)および逃げ面(16)の少なくとも一部に亘って形成された被膜(20)を有し、非鉄金属およびそれらの合金、木材、木質材料または樹脂の切削加工に用いられる切削工具において、
前記被膜(20)は、前記すくい面(14)を被覆するすくい面被覆部(22)および前記逃げ面(16)を被覆する逃げ面被覆部(24)の何れか一方を他方よりも膜厚が厚くなるよう形成し、
厚い方の被覆部(22,24)の膜厚(C1,C2)を、0.5μm~15.0μmの範囲に設定すると共に、該厚い方の被覆部(22,24)の膜厚(C1,C2)に対する薄い方の被覆部(24,22)の膜厚(C2,C1)の比を、0.01~0.15の範囲になるよう設定した
ことを特徴とする切削工具。 - 前記母材(12)における前記切刃(18)に対応する部位を、該母材(12)におけるすくい面(12b)の延長ラインと該母材(12)における逃げ面(12c)の延長ラインとの交点から0.2μm~18μmの範囲で離れるように形成した請求項1記載の切削工具。
- 前記母材(12)における前記切刃(18)に対応する部位を、半径0.5μm~6.0μmの円弧状に形成した請求項1または2記載の切削工具。
- 前記厚い方の被覆部(22,24)の膜厚(C1,C2)に対する前記薄い方の被覆部(24,22)の膜厚(C2,C1)の比を、0.01~0.05の範囲になるよう設定した請求項1~3の何れか一項に記載の切削工具。
- 前記被膜(20)は、少なくともクロムを含む窒化物、酸窒化物、酸化物、炭化物、炭酸化物、炭窒化物および炭酸窒化物の何れかで構成される層を有している請求項1~4の何れか一項に記載の切削工具。
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US15/122,779 US10179366B2 (en) | 2014-03-25 | 2015-03-03 | Cutting tool |
EP15769762.4A EP3106250B1 (en) | 2014-03-25 | 2015-03-03 | Cutting tool |
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WO2018061408A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-29 | 2018-04-05 | 住友電工ハードメタル株式会社 | 切削工具 |
JP2018103338A (ja) * | 2016-12-28 | 2018-07-05 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | ダイヤモンド被覆回転切削工具及びその製造方法 |
WO2018155644A1 (ja) * | 2017-02-24 | 2018-08-30 | 京セラ株式会社 | 切削インサート及びこれを備えた切削工具 |
CN112584955A (zh) * | 2018-07-30 | 2021-03-30 | 京瓷株式会社 | 分切机刀片以及分切机 |
WO2022138400A1 (ja) * | 2020-12-25 | 2022-06-30 | 京セラ株式会社 | 被覆工具および切削工具 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3106250A4 (en) | 2017-11-01 |
EP3106250A1 (en) | 2016-12-21 |
JP6404906B2 (ja) | 2018-10-17 |
CN106457411A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
US20170072474A1 (en) | 2017-03-16 |
EP3106250B1 (en) | 2019-07-24 |
JPWO2015146507A1 (ja) | 2017-04-13 |
US10179366B2 (en) | 2019-01-15 |
CN106457411B (zh) | 2018-12-11 |
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