WO2015115651A1 - 連続鋳造における鋳造状態の判定方法、装置及びプログラム - Google Patents
連続鋳造における鋳造状態の判定方法、装置及びプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/041—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds for vertical casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/055—Cooling the moulds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/18—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring
- B22D11/188—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring responsive to thickness of solidified shell
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/20—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for removing cast stock
- B22D11/201—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for removing cast stock responsive to molten metal level or slag level
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- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/22—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a casting state determination method, apparatus, and program in continuous casting in which a solidified shell, a mold flux layer, and a mold exist between molten steel and mold cooling water.
- Fig. 19 shows the outline of the continuous casting equipment.
- Molten steel produced by the converter and secondary refining is put into a ladle 51 and poured into a mold 4 through a tundish 52.
- the molten steel in contact with the mold 4 is cooled and solidified, and is carried by the roll 54 while the casting speed is controlled, and is cut to an appropriate length by the gas cutter 55.
- the molten steel flow state and solidification state in the mold 4 may cause casting stoppage due to the deterioration of the properties of the slab, and in order to produce a stable slab and a slab free of defects, It is necessary to estimate and control the in-mold state online.
- FIG. 20 shows a cross section near the mold of the continuous casting facility.
- 1 is molten steel
- 2 is a solidified shell
- 3 is a mold flux layer
- 4 is a mold
- 5 is cooling water
- 8 is an immersion nozzle.
- the molten steel 1 is poured into the mold 4 from the immersion nozzle 8, and the slab whose side has solidified is drawn out from the bottom of the mold 4.
- the slab whose side has solidified is drawn out from the bottom of the mold 4.
- high-speed casting is aimed at improving productivity.
- the solidified shell 2 that is a slab solidified on the side surface of the mold 4 remains insufficient in strength.
- the solidified shell 2 is broken, and the molten steel 1 flows into the continuous casting facility, causing an operation trouble called breakout. Once a breakout occurs, the operation is interrupted, and the steel that has flowed into the facility and solidified is removed and the facility is repaired. Therefore, it takes a long time to restore the operation, and the loss is great.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a technology for detecting a constraining breakout.
- the temperature is measured with a thermocouple embedded in the mold, and the characteristic time-series change of the thermocouple temperature observed when the solidified shell is constrained by the mold and shell rupture occurs is captured.
- the breakout is not only restraint, but there is also a thing that the sign is difficult to appear in the temperature waveform indicating the time series change of the temperature.
- One of them is a drift-induced breakout.
- the breakout due to the drift flows into an unexpected state such as the flow of molten steel in the mold 4 is biased, the amount of heat exceeding the cooling capacity of the mold 4 is locally given to the solidified shell 2 and solidification growth is inhibited, and the strength is insufficient.
- This is a breakout that occurs when the solidified shell 2 is pulled out of the mold 4.
- molten steel 1 is poured into the mold 4 from the immersion nozzle 8.
- a breakout due to drift occurs. May be triggered.
- the drift phenomenon is difficult to observe directly, and unlike the constrained breakout, the feature of the mold temperature waveform is difficult to appear.
- Patent Documents 2 to 5 As described in Patent Documents 2 to 5, as a technique for detecting such a drift-induced breakout, the state in the mold is estimated by an inverse problem method that takes into account other information such as casting speed and cooling water temperature in addition to the mold temperature. It has become possible to develop a technique for preventing breakout from occurring.
- Patent Document 2 describes an inverse problem method for estimating a solidified state in continuous casting.
- Patent Documents 3 to 5 describe a method of controlling casting and avoiding operational troubles using an estimated amount that represents the in-mold state obtained by the method of Patent Document 2.
- Patent Documents 3 to 5 propose a method and an avoidance means for determining an abnormal casting state leading to a breakout, but are not generalized, and an allowable limit for determining abnormal casting. The specific method for determining the value is not specified.
- Patent Document 6 a technique has been proposed in which a heat flux is estimated from a temperature measured at a plurality of points in a mold using a heat transfer inverse problem method to detect a breakout.
- the present invention determines a specific allowable limit value for an amount including a solidified shell temperature and a solidified shell thickness for determining an abnormal state of continuous casting, and provides a technology for detecting a breakout caused by a drift with little over-detection and detection leakage.
- the purpose is to be able to.
- the gist of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is as follows.
- a method for determining a casting state in continuous casting in which solidified shells, mold flux layers, and mold heat conductors exist between molten steel and cooling water for a mold A heat flux per unit temperature difference between the solidified shell and the mold sandwiching the mold flux layer using data from a plurality of temperature measuring means embedded in the mold in a position shifted in the casting direction.
- the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ and the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ between the molten steel and the solidified shell are obtained by solving the inverse problem, and the solidified shell thickness and the solidified shell temperature are estimated from the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ and the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ .
- the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ , the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ , the estimated solidified shell thickness, and the estimated solidified shell temperature obtained in the first step are used as the solidified state estimated amount in the mold, and the solidified state evaluation in the mold is evaluated from the solidified state estimated amount in the mold.
- the in-mold solidification state evaluation amount is a moving average of at least one of the short side ⁇ difference and the short side shell thickness difference from the past 1 second to 15 minutes [1] to [3 ]
- the casting state determination method according to any one of the above.
- the in-mold solidification state evaluation amount is at least one of the absolute value of the short-side ⁇ difference and the absolute value of the short-side shell thickness difference, which is a minimum value from the past 1 second to 15 minutes.
- the casting state determination method according to any one of [1] to [3].
- the statistical information stratifies at least one amount included in the in-mold solidification state estimation amount and the in-mold solidification state evaluation amount according to a predetermined casting condition and a classification for the measurement value,
- the casting condition and the measured value are at least one of a casting speed, a casting width, a molten steel temperature, a difference between the molten steel temperature and the liquidus temperature, and a difference between the molten steel temperature and the solidus temperature.
- Estimating the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ and the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ between the molten steel and the solidified shell by solving the inverse problem and estimating the solidified shell thickness and the solidified shell temperature from the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ and the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ Means,
- the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ , heat transfer coefficient ⁇ , solidified shell estimated thickness, and solidified shell estimated temperature obtained by the estimating means are used as the solidified state estimated amount in the mold, and the solidified state evaluation amount in the mold is calculated from the solidified state estimated amount in the mold.
- Computing means to obtain; At least one amount included in the in-mold solidification state estimation amount and in-mold solidification state estimation amount obtained by the computing means, and in-mold solidification state estimation amount and in-mold solidification state evaluation when abnormal casting has occurred in the past It is determined based on at least one quantity contained in the quantity, and it is determined whether it is a normal casting state or an abnormal casting state by comparing with an allowable limit value stored in the allowable limit value storage means.
- Determination means for Among the four mold surfaces in contact with the slab through the mold flux layer, in the mold where the horizontal widths of the two faces facing each other without being adjacent are equal, Two surfaces that are narrower in the horizontal direction than the other two surfaces are called short sides, The difference at the same mold height position of the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ obtained at the short side is called the short side ⁇ difference, The difference at the same mold height position of the judgment shell thickness obtained in the short side is referred to as a short side shell thickness difference, The cast state determination apparatus, wherein the in-mold solidification state evaluation amount is calculated from at least one of the short side ⁇ difference and the short side shell thickness difference.
- a program for determining a casting state in continuous casting in which solidified shells, mold flux layers, and mold heat conductors exist between molten steel and mold cooling water A heat flux per unit temperature difference between the solidified shell and the mold sandwiching the mold flux layer using data from a plurality of temperature measuring means embedded in the mold in a position shifted in the casting direction.
- the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ and the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ between the molten steel and the solidified shell are obtained by solving the inverse problem, and the solidified shell thickness and the solidified shell temperature are estimated from the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ and the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ .
- the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ , the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ , the estimated solidified shell thickness, and the estimated solidified shell temperature obtained in the first process are used as the solidified state estimated amount in the mold, and the solidified state in the mold is evaluated from the solidified state estimated amount in the mold.
- the present invention it is possible to determine a specific allowable limit value for the amount including the solidified shell temperature and the solidified shell thickness for determining the abnormal state of continuous casting.
- the value can be determined.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a casting state determination method according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a part of the cross section near the mold of the continuous casting facility and the information processing apparatus.
- Drawing 3 is a figure showing an example of an embedding position of a suitable temperature measuring means concerning an embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing a typical mold temperature distribution.
- FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing a temperature gradient in a typical mold temperature distribution.
- FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing the approximation accuracy of the linearly interpolated mold temperature distribution according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing a linearly interpolated mold temperature distribution according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a casting state determination method according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a part of the cross section near the mold of the continuous casting facility and the information processing apparatus.
- Drawing 3 is a figure showing an example of an embedding position of
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an information processing device that functions as a casting state determination device according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a characteristic diagram showing the mold temperature distribution subjected to linear interpolation in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a characteristic diagram showing a linearly interpolated mold temperature distribution in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a characteristic diagram showing a temporal change of the short side ⁇ difference of the heat transfer coefficient in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a characteristic diagram showing the change over time of the short side s difference of the solidified shell thickness in Example 2.
- FIG. 13 is a characteristic diagram showing a comparison of the in-mold solidification state evaluation amount in Example 2.
- FIG. 9 is a characteristic diagram showing the mold temperature distribution subjected to linear interpolation in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a characteristic diagram showing a linearly interpolated mold temperature distribution in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a characteristic diagram showing a temporal change of the short side ⁇
- FIG. 14 is a characteristic diagram showing a comparison of evaluation amounts in the in-mold solidification state in Example 2.
- FIG. 15 is a characteristic diagram showing an average comparison of casting state determination amounts stratified in Example 2.
- FIG. 16 is a characteristic diagram showing a comparison of standard deviations of casting state determination amounts stratified in Example 2.
- FIG. 17 is a characteristic diagram showing a predicted value of a ratio in which normal casting is mistaken as abnormal casting with respect to the allowable limit value adjustment constant in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a characteristic diagram showing changes in allowable limit values and casting state determination amounts to which the present invention is applied in Example 2.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the continuous casting equipment.
- FIG. 20 is a view showing a cross section near the mold of the continuous casting facility.
- Fig. 2 shows a part of the cross section near the mold of the continuous casting facility (the right half excluding the immersion nozzle). Between the molten steel 1 and the cooling water 5 for the mold, there are thermal conductors of the solidified shell 2, the mold flux layer 3, and the mold 4. A plurality of thermocouples 6 as temperature measuring means are embedded in the mold 4 while being shifted in the casting direction, that is, downward in the figure. Moreover, the information processing apparatus 7 which functions as a determination apparatus of a casting state is equipped.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a preferred temperature measuring means embedding position ( ⁇ in FIG. 3) in a mold having a length of 1090 mm where the assumed molten steel surface is located 85 mm from the upper end of the mold. .
- one point is provided at a position of 250 mm from the lower end of the mold so that the interval is 120 mm in the range of 100 mm to 340 mm from the upper end of the mold.
- two points are provided so that the distance is 120 mm in the range of 40 mm or more and 400 mm or less from the upper end of the mold and 250 mm from the lower end of the mold.
- one point is provided at a position of 250 mm from the lower end of the mold so that the interval is 60 mm in the range of 100 mm to 340 mm from the upper end of the mold.
- one point is provided in the range of 100 mm to 340 mm from the upper end of the mold so that the interval is 120 mm or less and unequal, and at a position 250 mm from the lower end of the mold.
- the present invention estimates the state of the inside of the mold using the temperature distribution of the mold, it is preferable to measure so that the temperature distribution of the mold can be reproduced as accurately as possible.
- the temperature measuring means is an apparatus, it fails with a certain probability. Increasing the embedment density of the temperature measuring means not only increases the overall failure probability of the plurality of temperature measuring means, but also increases the construction cost, which in turn increases the operating cost. Therefore, it is necessary to embed the temperature measuring means in the mold appropriately and perform measurement so that the temperature distribution of the mold can be faithfully reproduced by using a temperature measuring means with a low allowable level.
- the molten steel surface is positioned at a position where the distance from the upper end of the mold is 80 mm or more and 120 mm or less for safety reasons, such as that the upper end of the mold does not reach a high temperature and that even a large fluctuation of the molten metal surface does not leak.
- the amount of molten steel injected is adjusted so that For this reason, even during casting, the inner surface of the mold above the molten steel surface is in contact with the outside air, and the upper end of the mold is at the lowest temperature and is approximately the same as the cooling water temperature.
- the mold temperature changes depending on the casting conditions, the mold temperature rises from the upper end of the mold toward the molten steel surface, and the maximum temperature position of the mold is within about 100 mm from the molten steel surface to the molten steel surface.
- the mold temperature tends to decrease from the position toward the lower end of the mold, and reaches the lowest temperature below the molten steel surface within 300 mm from the lower end of the mold.
- FIG. 4 shows a typical mold temperature distribution when the molten steel surface position is 100 mm from the upper end of the mold in a 900 mm long mold prepared based on the mold temperature measurement result disclosed in Non-Patent Document 2. It is. The inventors considered that a suitable buried position of the temperature measuring means can be derived from this typical temperature distribution. In other words, when a finite number of temperature information is acquired from this typical temperature distribution and the temperature distribution is reproduced by linear interpolation, a temperature information acquisition position that suitably approximates the original temperature distribution is embedded in the temperature measuring means. Considered position.
- temperature measuring means are densely arranged in a range where the temperature gradient is large or the temperature gradient changes greatly, and the temperature measuring means is set in a range where the temperature gradient is relatively small. It is good to arrange sparsely.
- the temperature measuring means is closely buried under the molten steel surface above the mold, the measuring of the raising means find that it is preferable to embed the coarse, it is necessary to determine the temperature measuring position P 2 becomes a boundary of the range to be embedded in scope and coarse that densely embedded.
- FIG. 5 is a graph of the temperature gradient of the typical temperature distribution described above.
- the temperature gradient below the molten steel surface changes from positive to negative, and the change in temperature gradient is less than that near the molten steel surface.
- the temperature measuring position P 2 becomes the boundary was determined in the following manner. That is, an approximate temperature distribution obtained by linear interpolation is calculated using the temperature at the position of 100 mm below the molten steel surface, the position of 200 mm from the lower end of the mold, and the intermediate position, and the relative temperature distribution from the above typical temperature distribution is calculated. calculated root mean square of the differences, the relative difference of the smaller intermediate position to the extent acceptable decided to P 2.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the root mean square of the relative difference with respect to the intermediate position.
- the root mean square of the relative difference when the intermediate position is the molten steel surface under 300mm is best approximated by 2.3%, and the condition of the temperature measurement position P 2 to be reduced to less than 5% of its twice. That is, the temperature measurement position P 2 was the molten steel surface within 400mm or 220 mm.
- Figure 7 is a graph showing the above typical temperature distribution, the approximate temperature distribution of the temperature measurement position P 2 was molten steel surface under 300 mm. It can be seen that by embedding the temperature measuring means in the above range, the mold temperature distribution can be reproduced accurately and efficiently.
- the above arrangement than the temperature measurement position P 2 was determined as follows from the results of Example 1. In other words, the temperature measuring position P 1 of the uppermost range of densely buried within molten steel surface under 95 mm, and the interval for disposing the temperature measuring means and 120mm or less.
- embedded position of temperature measuring means an arbitrary position within 95mm from an expected to have molten steel surface position of the mold and P 1, an arbitrary position within 400mm or more under molten steel surface 220 mm P 2 And at least one point is preferably provided in the range from P 1 to P 2 at intervals of 120 mm or less, and at a position within 300 mm from the lower end of the mold.
- the molten steel surface from the fact that to adjust the molten steel injection amount such that the distance from the mold the upper end is positioned within 120mm above 80 mm, the P 1 mold upper From 120 mm to 175 mm in any position, and P 2 is any position from 340 mm to 480 mm from the upper end of the mold, the position of the above-mentioned temperature measuring means embedded in any position of the molten steel surface A suitable condition will be satisfied.
- the mathematical model that can be used in the present invention includes a solidified shell 2, a mold flux layer 3, and a mold from a molten metal on a two-dimensional cross section composed of a mold surface vertical direction and a casting direction. 4.
- those that can be executed by a computer include a partial differential equation that is a combination of equations (1) to (5) representing solidification heat transfer phenomena in the mold, and a mold 4.
- equations (6) to (8) that express the passing heat flux in different expressions.
- t is time.
- z e is the position of the lowermost thermocouple 6 embedded in the mold 4.
- c s is the specific heat of the solidified shell
- ⁇ s is the solidified shell density
- ⁇ s is the solidified shell thermal conductivity
- L is the latent heat of solidification.
- V c is the casting speed.
- T 0 is the molten steel temperature
- T s is the solidification temperature
- T T (t, z, x) is the solidification shell temperature.
- q out q out (t, z) is the heat flux passing through the mold 4.
- ⁇ m is the mold thermal conductivity.
- d 1 is the thermocouple embedding depth from the mold surface, and d 2 is the distance from the thermocouple 6 to the cooling water 5.
- h w is a heat transfer coefficient between mold cooling waters.
- This mathematical model is a model that simulates an in-mold state in which there is almost no temperature change in the horizontal direction parallel to the mold surface, and the heat flux in the casting direction in the solidified shell 2 is extremely small compared to the vertical direction of the mold surface.
- This is a combination of models that simulate the heat transfer phenomenon of a highly conductive mold. If ⁇ , ⁇ , and T m are given by the profile method described later, an approximate solution of the solidified shell temperature distribution T and the solidified shell thickness s can be constructed, and sufficient accuracy and numerical calculation are possible to simulate the phenomenon. Both weight reduction of load is compatible. This feature enables real-time calculation to solve the inverse problem described later.
- the profiling method is not a method of solving the partial differential equation itself, but a method of deriving several conditions that the partial differential equation satisfies, and obtaining a constraint on the profile for the solution that satisfies the conditions. .
- (t 0 , ⁇ ) is set as a new variable, the equations (1) to (5) are converted, and ⁇ using the equation (6) Are deleted, the equations (10) to (14) are obtained, respectively.
- Equation (19) is obtained.
- Equations (20) to (26) are adopted as conditions that the approximate solution by the profile method satisfies.
- Equation (27) is differentiated by x
- the equation (28) is established, and the equations (22) and (24) to (29) are obtained, which indicates that the heat flux is directed from the molten steel side to the solidified shell.
- Equations (30) and (31) are obtained under the condition of T / ⁇ x
- x s > 0.
- equation (35) is obtained.
- Equation (41) A 2 , A 1 , and A 0 in formula (41) are given by formulas (36) to (38).
- the derivation of the equations (40) to (44) is the equation construction process. If s satisfying equations (40) to (44) can be configured, q out can be obtained from equation (42). Therefore, T is determined from equations (30) and (31) to equation (27), and equation (20 ) To (26). Accordingly, if s satisfying equations (40) to (44) is obtained, an approximate solution by the profile method can be constructed. This can be obtained numerically by differentiating equation (43). it can.
- Equation (42) ⁇ i + 1 and ⁇ i + 1 are assigned to ⁇ and ⁇ in Equation (44), respectively, and q out obtained in Equation (42) is assigned to q out to solve for s to be s i + 1 .
- s i + 1 and [psi i + 1 is obtained by this method from s i and [psi i, can be determined recursively s i.
- the inverse problem is a general term for problems in which the cause is estimated from the result.
- ⁇ m, d 1, d 2 , h w, c s, ⁇ s, ⁇ s, L, T 0, T s, T w, and V c is known
- z 1 ⁇ (0, z e] to , T 1 -z 1 / V c is (t 1 , z 1 ) such that t 1 -z 1 / V c is within the casting time
- t 0 t 1 -z 1 / V c and ⁇ (0, z 1 / V c )
- Equation (48) the problem of estimating ⁇ and ⁇ so that Equation (49) is satisfied with respect to q out given by Equation (48) is an inverse problem in the solidification heat transfer phenomenon in the mold. This inverse problem is reduced to solving the minimization problem by the method of least squares expressed by equation (50) with respect to q out given by equation (48).
- the mold temperature during casting is stored in advance. At that time, casting speed as casting conditions, superheat as a difference between molten steel temperature and solidification temperature, and casting width are also stored as time series data.
- the continuous casting equipment to which the present invention is applicable is a continuous casting equipment that has caused abnormal casting and stores temperature information and the like measured when abnormal casting occurs.
- the amount of solidification state in the mold is the estimated amount of solidification state in the mold that changes when the flow of molten steel is biased. If there is no drift, it will be 0. It becomes a positive or negative value depending on the direction and magnitude of the drift.
- an evaluation value such as the formula (51), the formula (52), the formula (53), or the formula (54) defined below is a solidified state evaluation amount in the mold.
- s estL (t, z), s estR (t, z), ⁇ estL (t, z), and ⁇ estR (t, z) are estimated amounts of solidification state in the mold on the short sides of the two surfaces, respectively.
- the estimated thickness of the solidified shell and the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ are represented by subscripts L and R representing the left and right short sides.
- ⁇ t is a sampling period
- m ⁇ ⁇ t is an evaluation time
- sgn is a sign of a number.
- Equations (51) and (52) are moving average values of the past m ⁇ ⁇ t
- Equations (53) and (54) are the minimum values of the past m ⁇ ⁇ t with respect to the absolute value of the difference between the state quantities.
- each of these in-mold solidification state evaluation quantities has a degree of freedom in the evaluation time m and the evaluation position z, so that each time a combination of m and z is designated, one solidification state evaluation quantity in the mold is obtained. It will be.
- an allowable limit value examination period is provided in advance, an estimated amount of solidification state in the mold is obtained from measurement data during the allowable limit value examination period, and candidates for the evaluation value of solidification state in the mold are calculated and stored.
- the solidified state evaluation amount in the mold is also stratified according to G k.
- An average value ⁇ k and a standard deviation ⁇ k are calculated for each of the separate evaluation values for the solidification state in the mold.
- k 1,..., N represents a subscript of each layer that is stratified, and N is the total number of layers.
- the allowable limit value examination period be long enough to allow the statistics calculated from the layered casting conditions Gk to be estimated with acceptable accuracy.
- the estimated amount of solidification state in the mold and the evaluation amount of solidification state in the mold are stratified according to predetermined casting conditions and categories for the measured values. Casting conditions and measured values are at least one of casting speed, casting width, molten steel temperature, difference between molten steel temperature and liquidus temperature, and difference between molten steel temperature and solidus temperature.
- the evaluation value of the solidification state in the mold that is most different from the normal one is selected as the casting state determination amount. If the value of the solidification state evaluation amount in the mold immediately before occurrence of the breakout due to the abnormal flow, which is abnormal casting, is represented by E, ⁇ k and ⁇ k of the solidification state evaluation amount in the mold of the layer to which the casting condition at the time of the breakout belongs belongs. On the other hand, the in-mold solidification state evaluation amount that maximizes the value given by the equation (55) may be selected as the casting state determination amount.
- This ratio corresponds to a ratio in which normal casting is mistaken as casting that causes breakout due to drift, and decreases when A is increased. From this, the above-mentioned ratio can be allowed, and in the past abnormal casting, if a positive constant A satisfying the equation (56) is selected, it is possible to accurately detect the casting abnormality that leads to the breakout due to drift, which is abnormal casting. Can be detected well.
- the allowable limit value associated with each casting condition G k is ⁇ k ⁇ A ⁇ ⁇ k , which is a method for determining the allowable limit value.
- the allowable limit value the mean value mu k to a value plus 1 times the value of the standard deviation sigma k, and the average value mu k using a value obtained by subtracting 1 times or more the standard deviation sigma k.
- the casting state obtained by taking out the average value ⁇ k and the standard deviation ⁇ k of the solidified state evaluation amount in the mold corresponding to G k to which the current casting condition belongs and actually measuring it. If the determination amount satisfies Expression (57), it is determined as a normal casting state. If Expression (57) is not satisfied, it is determined as an abnormal casting state in which there is a high risk of occurrence of breakout due to drift. This is a method for determining the cast state.
- the casting state determination method when performing casting, the mold thermal conductivity ⁇ m , the thermocouple embedding depth from the mold surface, which can be known in advance regarding the size and physical properties of the mold 4 and the physical properties of the molten steel 1 to be cast.
- D 1 distance d 2 from thermocouple 6 to cooling water 5
- the solidification temperature T s is assumed to be known.
- the molten steel temperature T 0 , the cooling water temperature T w , and the casting speed V c that may change during casting can be known by using average values, but in step S101, the same as the mold temperature T c. It is desirable to measure.
- step S101 the mold temperature is measured and interpolated to obtain the mold temperature Tc at the thermocouple embedding depth position, the temperature distribution in the casting direction is obtained, and stored in the data storage unit in time series.
- the heat flux acquiring process in step S102 obtaining the heat flux q out passing through the mold 4 using Equation (48) from the mold temperature T c obtained in step S101.
- the mold surface temperature acquiring process in step S103 obtaining the mold surface temperature T m from the mold temperature T c obtained in step S101 using the equation (47).
- step S105 As a preparation for the heat transfer coefficient estimation process of step S106, the partial differential equation constructed in step S104 is solved, and the heat transfer coefficient represented by formula (46) and formula (49) is obtained.
- Solidification shell temperature equation which is a relational expression of solidification shell temperature with respect to ⁇ , heat transfer coefficient ⁇ and mold surface temperature
- solidification which is a relational expression of solidification shell thickness with respect to heat transfer coefficient ⁇ , heat transfer coefficient ⁇ and mold surface temperature
- a shell thickness formula and a mold flux layer heat flux formula that is a relational expression of the mold flux layer heat flux with respect to the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ , the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ , and the mold surface temperature are constructed as causal relational expressions.
- the heat transfer coefficient estimating step of step S106 by applying the mold surface temperature T m obtained in step S103 to the resulting mold flux layer heat flux equation in step S105, obtained in step S102 from the mold flux layer heat flux equation
- the distribution in the casting direction of the square of the value obtained by subtracting the mold heat flux q out the distribution in the casting direction of the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ and the casting direction in the casting direction of the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ are set so that the sum of the values at a plurality of points is minimized.
- the minimization problem of Equation (50) which is an inverse problem that simultaneously determines the distribution, is solved, and the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ and the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ are simultaneously determined.
- the solidified shell estimation step in step S107 the mold surface temperature T m obtained in step S103, the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ and the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ obtained in step S106, the solidified shell temperature equation obtained in step S105, and the solidification Applying to the shell thickness equation, ie, T prof ( ⁇ , ⁇ , T m ) and s prof ( ⁇ , ⁇ , T m ) in equation (46), the solidified shell estimated temperature and the solidified shell estimated thickness are determined.
- the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ and the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ obtained in step S106, and the solidified shell estimated temperature and the solidified shell estimated thickness obtained in step S107 were determined in advance.
- the evaluation value for the solidification state in the mold is calculated according to the calculation method. That is, the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ , the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ obtained in step S106, the estimated solidified shell thickness, and the estimated solidified shell temperature obtained in step S107 are referred to as the in-mold solidified state estimated amount, and the in-mold solidified state estimated amount For at least one or a plurality of them, an in-mold solidification state evaluation amount that is an amount obtained by applying a predetermined calculation method is determined.
- step S109 it is determined whether or not the allowable limit value obtained in the allowable limit value storing step in step S113 is stored in the data storage unit. If the allowable limit value is not stored, the process proceeds to the time-series data storage process of step S110, which is a preparation process for obtaining the allowable limit value. If the allowable limit value is stored, the process proceeds to step S114 for determining the casting state. move on.
- step S110 in order to calculate a statistic, at least one or more amounts included in the in-mold solidification state estimation amount and the in-mold solidification state evaluation amount defined in step S108 are used as time series data. It is stored in the data storage unit together with information on whether or not abnormal casting has occurred.
- step S111 it is determined whether or not the time series data stored in step S110 reaches a predetermined period and a statistic including the average and standard deviation of the time series data can be calculated. judge. If the statistical amount of the time series data cannot be calculated, the process returns to the mold temperature measurement step in step S101 to increase the number of data, and a new measurement is performed. If the statistics of the time series data can be calculated, the process proceeds to the operation abnormality time data presence / absence determination step in step S112.
- step S112 In the operation abnormality data presence / absence determination step in step S112, whether or not at least one amount included in the estimated amount of solidification state in the mold and the evaluation amount of solidification state in the mold when abnormal casting occurs is stored in the data storage unit. Determine whether. If stored, the process proceeds to an allowable limit value storing process in step S113, which is a process for determining an allowable limit value. If not stored, the process returns to the mold temperature measuring process in step S101, and a new measurement is performed again.
- the allowable limit value storing step of step S113 is stored as time series data using statistical information including time series data when abnormal casting occurs and the average and standard deviation of the time series data obtained in step S110.
- a casting state determination amount which is an amount used for determining a casting state, is selected from those, and an allowable limit value that defines a range of data regarded as a normal casting state is determined and stored in the data storage unit. .
- the process returns to the mold temperature measuring step in step S101, and a new measurement is performed again.
- the casting state determination step of step S114 includes the allowable limit value, the estimated amount of solidification state in the mold obtained in steps S106 and S107, and the evaluation value of solidification state in the mold obtained in step S108. The amount selected as the judgment amount is compared. If it is determined that the casting is in a normal casting state, the process returns to the mold temperature measuring step in step S101, and a new measurement is performed again. If it is determined that the casting is abnormal, the process proceeds to step S115.
- step S115 in order to prevent an operation abnormality from the abnormal casting state, an operation action such as reducing the casting speed is performed. What kind of operation action should be carried out may be set in advance.
- the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ which is a heat flux per unit temperature difference between the solidified shell 2 and the mold 4 sandwiching the mold flux layer 3, and the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ between the molten steel 1 and the solidified shell 2.
- FIG. 8 shows a configuration of the information processing apparatus 7 that functions as a casting state determination apparatus.
- the temperature measurement result of the mold 4 using the thermocouple 6 during continuous casting is input to the information processing device 7, and the temperature distribution in the casting direction of the thermocouple embedding depth position obtained by interpolating the mold temperature is time-series.
- the data is stored in the data storage unit 313 and is sent to the heat flux acquisition unit 301.
- the heat flux q out passing through the mold 4 using Equation (48) from the mold temperature T c is obtained.
- the mold surface temperature Tm is obtained from the mold temperature Tc using the equation (47).
- the causal relation construction unit 304 as preparation for processing by the heat transfer coefficient estimation unit 305, the partial differential equation constructed by the equation construction unit 303 is solved, and the heat transfer represented by the equations (46) and (49) is performed.
- the solidification shell temperature equation which is a relational expression of the coefficient ⁇ , the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ , and the solidification shell temperature with respect to the mold surface temperature, and the relational expression of the solidification shell thickness with respect to the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ , the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ , and the mold surface temperature.
- the solidification shell thickness formula and the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ , the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ , and the mold flux layer heat flux formula that is a relational expression of the mold flux layer heat flux with respect to the mold surface temperature are constructed as causal relational expressions.
- the heat transfer coefficient estimation unit 305 applies the mold surface temperature T m obtained by the mold surface temperature acquisition unit 302 to the mold flux layer heat flux equation obtained by the causal relation construction unit 304, thereby obtaining a mold flux layer heat flux equation.
- the distribution of the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ in the casting direction so that the sum of the values at a plurality of points is minimized with respect to the distribution in the square of the value obtained by subtracting the mold heat flux q out obtained by the heat flux acquisition unit 301 from
- the minimization problem of Equation (50) which is the inverse problem of simultaneously determining the distribution of the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ in the casting direction, is solved, and the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ and the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ are determined simultaneously.
- a solid state evaluation amount in the mold is calculated in accordance with a predetermined calculation method.
- the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ obtained by the heat transfer coefficient estimating unit 305, the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ , the estimated solidified shell temperature obtained by the solidified shell estimating unit 306, and the estimated solidified shell thickness are referred to as the in-mold solidified state estimated amount,
- a mold solid state evaluation amount which is an amount obtained by applying a predetermined calculation method, is determined for at least one or a plurality of solid state estimation quantities in the mold.
- the allowable limit value presence / absence determination unit 308 determines whether or not the allowable limit value obtained by the allowable limit value storage unit 312 is stored in the data storage unit 313. If the allowable limit value is not stored, the time-series data storage unit 309 performs processing as preparation for obtaining the allowable limit value. If the allowable limit value is stored, the casting state determination unit 314 performs processing. Make it.
- time series data storage unit 309 in order to calculate a statistic, at least one or more amounts included in the in-mold solidification state estimation amount and the in-mold solidification state evaluation amount defined by the in-mold solidification state evaluation unit 307 are time-series. Data is stored in the data storage unit 313 together with information on whether or not abnormal casting has occurred.
- the statistic calculation determination unit 310 whether or not the time series data stored in the time series data storage unit 309 reaches a predetermined period and a statistic including the average and standard deviation of the time series data can be calculated. Is determined. If the statistics of the time series data cannot be calculated, the mold temperature is newly measured to increase the number of data. If the statistics of the time series data can be calculated, the operation abnormality time data presence / absence determination unit 311 is caused to perform processing.
- the allowable limit value storage unit 312 for determining the allowable limit value performs processing. If not stored, the mold temperature is newly measured.
- time series data is obtained using statistical information including time series data when an abnormality occurs in the casting state and the average and standard deviation of the time series data obtained by the time series data storage unit 309.
- the casting state determination amount which is the amount used for determining the casting state, is selected from those stored in the above, and the allowable limit value that defines the range of data regarded as the normal casting state is determined for the casting state determination amount, and the data is stored.
- the data is stored in the part 313.
- the allowable limit value In the casting state determination unit 314, the allowable limit value, the heat transfer coefficient estimation unit 305, the in-mold solidification state estimation amount obtained by the solidification shell estimation unit 306, and the in-mold solidification state obtained by the in-mold solidification state evaluation unit 307 The evaluation amount is compared with the amount selected as the casting state determination amount by the allowable limit value storage unit 312. If it is determined that the casting is in a normal casting state, the mold temperature is newly measured. Then, a result of determining whether the normal casting state or the abnormal casting state is output from the output unit 315.
- the present invention can be realized by a computer executing a program. Further, a computer program product such as a computer-readable recording medium in which this program is recorded and a program can also be applied as the present invention.
- a recording medium for example, a flexible disk, a hard disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a CD-ROM, a magnetic tape, a nonvolatile memory card, a ROM, or the like can be used.
- the embodiments of the present invention described above are merely examples of implementation in carrying out the present invention, and the technical scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited thereto. Is. That is, the present invention can be implemented in various forms without departing from the technical idea or the main features thereof.
- Example 1 when the solidification state in the mold is estimated using the method of the present invention, the influence of the embedded position of the thermocouple, which is a temperature measuring means, on the estimation accuracy is evaluated.
- a mold having a length of 1090 mm continuous casting was performed at a casting speed of 1.7 m / min while controlling the molten steel surface to be 85 mm from the upper end of the mold, which is the assumed molten metal surface position.
- thermocouple as temperature measuring means
- thermocouple burying position at 20mm interval from 15mm to 255mm below molten steel surface, and additionally at 755mm below molten steel surface (250mm from mold bottom) Were collected.
- the embedded position of the thermocouple in the mold is expressed by the distance from the molten steel surface.
- the sampling of the temperature data was performed at a sampling interval of 1 second.
- those used for estimating the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ and the solidified shell thickness s were selected, and the estimation accuracy was evaluated from the estimation results obtained by the different selection methods of nine levels.
- Table 1 shows the embedded position of thermocouples used for estimation of ⁇ and s at each level, evaluation accuracy evaluation of ⁇ and s, and overall evaluation.
- the mark used in the estimation of ⁇ and s is marked with ⁇ .
- level 0 uses the most thermocouples, and is considered to estimate ⁇ and s with the highest accuracy. Therefore, with the estimation result of level 0 as a reference, the relative accuracy of the estimation results of ⁇ and s at each level was used as an estimation accuracy evaluation index.
- ⁇ and s are estimated in the same one-minute time zone at each level, time averages are calculated for the estimated values of ⁇ and s at each estimated position arranged in the casting direction, and the estimated values of ⁇ and s are calculated.
- the root mean square over all estimated positions of the relative difference with respect to the time average level 0 was used as an index. As a result, when both of the relative differences between ⁇ and s were within 10%, the overall evaluation was evaluated as “good” as good estimation accuracy, and the others were evaluated as “ ⁇ ”.
- thermocouple in the range from 15 mm to 255 mm below the molten steel surface was selected above the mold, and a thermocouple of 755 mm below the molten steel surface below the mold was also selected to estimate the solidification state in the mold.
- the thermocouple spacing above the mold is varied from level to level.
- the relative difference between ⁇ and s from level 0 to level 2 is almost 0%, indicating that the thermocouple spacing above the mold is sufficiently small.
- the overall evaluation was “good”.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 are graphs of the typical mold temperature distribution described in the embodiment and the mold temperature distribution linearly interpolated with respect to the levels 0 to 4 using the temperature of the embedded position of the selected thermocouple.
- Table 2 shows the root mean square of the casting direction with respect to the relative difference between the typical mold temperature distribution and the mold temperature distribution linearly interpolated using only the temperature at the embedded position of the thermocouple.
- the position of 755 mm below the molten steel surface is 250 mm from the lower end of the mold and reaches the lowest temperature below the molten steel surface. Therefore, the temperature at the position of 550 mm below the molten steel surface in the typical mold temperature distribution is used. .
- thermocouple Since there is a high correlation with the relative difference of ⁇ and the relative difference of s in Table 1, the mold temperature distribution linearly interpolated using the temperature of the selected thermocouple does not appear to be significantly different from the original mold temperature distribution. In addition, it can be seen that it is preferable to embed a thermocouple densely above the mold having a relatively large temperature gradient.
- level 5 to level 7 were used to estimate the solidification state in the mold without selecting the thermocouple above the mold, and level 8 was selected without selecting the thermocouple below the mold. Became ⁇ . From this result, it can be seen that it is preferable that the upper end of the range in which the thermocouples are densely embedded is within 95 mm below the molten steel surface, and the thermocouple is embedded near the lowest temperature below the molten steel surface.
- the present embodiment evaluates the performance related to the detection of the drift-induced breakout using the method of the present invention and compares it with the conventional method.
- the same mold as that of the first embodiment is used, the position of the temperature measuring means embedded in the mold is set to the level 0 in the first embodiment, and the temperature data obtained from all the temperature measuring means is used as the mold.
- the internal coagulation state was estimated.
- the candidates given by the formulas (51) to (54) were adopted as candidates for the evaluation amount of the in-mold solidification state.
- the evaluation time was 1 minute, 4 minutes, 7 minutes, and 10 minutes, and the evaluation points were the upper part, middle part, and lower part of the mold.
- the examination period of the allowable limit value was 5 months, and the estimated amount of solidification state in the mold, the candidate for the evaluation amount of solidification state in the mold, and the casting conditions were stored as time series data.
- the class width of the casting width is 300 mm
- the class width of the casting speed is 0.4 m / min
- the class width of the superheat is 10 ° C.
- the casting width, the casting speed, and the superheat of each class were set. Table 3 shows details.
- FIG. 11 shows the time change of the short side ⁇ difference of the heat transfer coefficient at the upper part, middle part, and lower part of the mold.
- FIG. 12 shows the time change of the short side s difference of the solidified shell thickness at the same position.
- FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 show a comparison of the deviation from the normal state of the evaluation value of the solidification state in the mold using this abnormal operation example.
- FIG. 13 shows the results obtained from the evaluation given by equation (55) for equations (51) and (52), which are moving averages.
- the amount of solidification state in the mold may be, for example, a moving average of at least one of the short side ⁇ difference and the short side s difference for the past 1 second to 15 minutes.
- FIG. 14 shows the results of evaluating Formula (53) and Formula (54) according to Formula (55). From FIG. 14, it is found that the deviation from the normal time is the largest when the signed minimum value of the short side s difference at the lower part of the mold with 10 minutes as the evaluation time is used as the casting state determination amount. What is necessary is just to set it as the minimum value of the past 1 second to 15 minutes at least any one among the absolute value of a short side (beta) difference and the absolute value of a short side s difference.
- FIG. 18 is a graph of the allowable limit value and the casting state determination amount obtained by the above method in the breakout due to drift, which is an abnormal casting in the past, and it was found that it can be predicted about 30 minutes before the occurrence of the breakout.
- the heat flux at the position exceeds 2.4 ⁇ 10 6 W / m 2 and rises until the breakout occurs 5 minutes before the breakout occurs, and the heat flux decreases below the preset limit value. I never did.
- the amount of heat that exceeds the cooling capacity of the mold is locally applied to the solidified shell to inhibit the solidification growth, and the solidified shell with insufficient strength is pulled out of the mold. It seems natural that the short side heat flux on the broken hole side increased before the occurrence.
- the breakout is “a foreign material bitten between the mold and the slab, a crack in the slab, etc., where the part where the solidified layer thickness of the slab is partially reduced is damaged, and the molten steel metal is It is assumed that it will be generated by the outflow, and it is based on the premise that "the heat transfer from the solidified layer to the mold is hindered by the influence of foreign matter or cracks that cause it, resulting in a decrease in heat flux.” Only those whose heat flux is reduced are to be detected. Therefore, it is not possible to determine or predict the occurrence of breakout due to drift by simply applying the method of Patent Document 6.
- the inventors evaluated various indicators calculated from the estimated amount of solidification in the mold estimated by the method of the present invention, and with sufficient accuracy.
- the present inventors have found a casting state determination amount that can detect a breakout due to drift.
- the present invention can be used to determine a casting state in continuous casting where a solidified shell, a mold flux layer, and a mold exist between molten steel and mold cooling water.
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Abstract
Description
連続鋳造の工程では、図20に示されるように、浸漬ノズル8から鋳型4内に溶鋼1が注ぎこまれ、側面が凝固した鋳片が鋳型4の底から引き抜かれてゆく。その鋳型4下端付近では、鋳片内部に未凝固部が存在し、鋳型4より下層の2次冷却部分で完全に凝固する。
連続鋳造の操業においては、生産性の向上を狙って、高速鋳造が指向されるが、鋳造速度が速すぎると、鋳型4側面で凝固した鋳片である凝固シェル2が、強度不十分なまま鋳型4外部に引き抜かれ、極端な場合には凝固シェル2が破断して、溶鋼1が連続鋳造設備内に流出しブレイクアウトと呼ばれる操業トラブルを誘発する。ひとたびブレイクアウトが発生すると、操業を中断して、設備内に流出して凝固した鋼の撤去や設備修繕を行うため、操業復旧に多大な時間がかかり、損失も大きい。
また、鋳型温度等の計測値から、鋳型内凝固シェルの健全性を診断し、鋳造状態がブレイクアウトに繋がるような状態か判定し、判定結果を用いて鋳造速度等を制御する技術も提案されている。例えば特許文献1には、拘束性ブレイクアウトの検知技術が提案されている。この例では、鋳型に埋め込まれた熱電対で温度を計測し、凝固シェルが鋳型に拘束されてシェル破断が起きた際に観測される特徴的な熱電対温度の時系列変化を捕らえ、鋳型内凝固シェルの破断面を認知して、破断面が鋳型下端に到達する前に鋳造速度を減速することで拘束性ブレイクアウトを回避する。
[1] 溶鋼から鋳型用の冷却水までの間に凝固シェル、モールドフラックス層、鋳型の各熱伝導体が存在する連続鋳造における鋳造状態の判定方法であって、
前記鋳型に鋳造方向に位置をずらして埋設された複数の測温手段からのデータを用いて、前記モールドフラックス層を挟む前記凝固シェルと前記鋳型との間の単位温度差あたりの熱流束である熱伝達係数α、及び前記溶鋼と前記凝固シェルとの間の熱伝達係数βを逆問題を解くことにより求め、熱伝達係数α及び熱伝達係数βから凝固シェル厚み及び凝固シェル温度を推定する第1の工程と、
前記第1の工程で求めた熱伝達係数α、熱伝達係数β、凝固シェル推定厚み、及び凝固シェル推定温度を鋳型内凝固状態推定量とし、前記鋳型内凝固状態推定量から鋳型内凝固状態評価量を得る第2の工程と、
前記第2の工程で得た鋳型内凝固状態推定量及び鋳型内凝固状態評価量に含まれる少なくとも一種以上の量と、過去に異常鋳造が発生したときの鋳型内凝固状態推定量及び鋳型内凝固状態評価量に含まれる少なくとも一種以上の量に基づいて求められて、許容限度値記憶手段に保存された許容限度値とを比較することにより、平常鋳造状態であるか、異常鋳造状態であるかを判定する第3の工程とを有し、
前記モールドフラックス層を介して鋳片と接する4面の鋳型表面のうち、隣り合わずに相対する2面の水平方向の幅が等しい鋳型において、
他の2面よりも水平方向の幅が狭い2面を短辺と称し、
該短辺において得られる熱伝達係数βの同じ鋳型高さ位置での差を短辺β差と称し、
該短辺において得られる判定シェル厚みの同じ鋳型高さ位置での差を短辺シェル厚み差と称し、
前記鋳型内凝固状態評価量が、前記短辺β差及び前記短辺シェル厚み差のうち少なくともいずれかから算出されることを特徴とする鋳造状態の判定方法。
[2] 前記第3の工程では、平常鋳造状態であるか、異常鋳造状態であるかとしてブレイクアウトの発生を判定することを特徴とする[1]に記載の鋳造状態の判定方法。
[3] 前記第2の工程で得た鋳型内凝固状態推定量及び鋳型内凝固状態評価量に含まれる少なくとも一種以上の量を時系列データとして、異常鋳造が発生したか否かの情報と併せてデータ記憶手段に保存する時系列データ保存工程と、
異常鋳造が発生したときの時系列データ、並びに該時系列データの平均及び標準偏差を含む統計情報に基づいて、平常鋳造状態とみなす範囲を規定する許容限度値を決定して前記許容限度値記憶手段に保存する許容限度値保存工程とを有することを特徴とする[1]又は[2]に記載の鋳造状態の判定方法。
[4] 前記鋳型内凝固状態評価量が、短辺β差及び短辺シェル厚み差のうち少なくともいずれかの過去1秒間から15分間の移動平均であることを特徴とする[1]乃至[3]のいずれか一つに記載の鋳造状態の判定方法。
[5] 前記鋳型内凝固状態評価量が、短辺β差の絶対値及び短辺シェル厚み差の絶対値のうち少なくともいずれかの過去1秒間から15分間の最小値であることを特徴とする[1]乃至[3]のいずれか一つに記載の鋳造状態判定方法。
[6] 前記統計情報は、予め定めておいた鋳造条件及び計測値に対する区分に応じて、鋳型内凝固状態推定量及び鋳型内凝固状態評価量に含まれる少なくとも一種以上の量を層別し、各層別集団における前記平均及び前記標準偏差のうち少なくともいずれかであることを特徴とする[3]に記載の鋳造状態の判定方法。
[7] 前記鋳造条件及び前記計測値は、鋳造速度、鋳造幅、溶鋼温度、溶鋼温度と液相線温度の差、及び溶鋼温度と固相線温度との差のうち1種以上であることを特徴とする[6]に記載の鋳造状態の判定方法。
[8] 前記許容限度値として、前記平均に前記標準偏差の1倍以上の値を加えた値、及び前記平均に前記標準偏差の1倍以上の値を減じた値を用いることを特徴とする[3]に記載の鋳造状態の判定方法。
[9] 前記測温手段の埋設位置を、鋳型の想定している溶鋼湯面位置から下方に0mm以上95mm以下の任意の位置をP1とし、溶鋼湯面位置から下方に220mm以上400mm以下の任意の位置をP2とし、P1からP2までの範囲に120mm以下の間隔で設け、かつ、鋳型下端からの距離が300mm以内の位置に少なくとも1点設けることを特徴とする[1]乃至[8]のいずれか一つに記載の鋳造状態の判定方法。
[10] 溶鋼から鋳型用の冷却水までの間に凝固シェル、モールドフラックス層、鋳型の各熱伝導体が存在する連続鋳造における鋳造状態の判定装置であって、
前記鋳型に鋳造方向に位置をずらして埋設された複数の測温手段からのデータを用いて、前記モールドフラックス層を挟む前記凝固シェルと前記鋳型との間の単位温度差あたりの熱流束である熱伝達係数α、及び前記溶鋼と前記凝固シェルとの間の熱伝達係数βを逆問題を解くことにより求め、熱伝達係数α及び熱伝達係数βから凝固シェル厚み及び凝固シェル温度を推定する推定手段と、
前記推定手段で求めた熱伝達係数α、熱伝達係数β、凝固シェル推定厚み、及び凝固シェル推定温度を鋳型内凝固状態推定量とし、前記鋳型内凝固状態推定量から鋳型内凝固状態評価量を得る演算手段と、
前記演算手段で得た鋳型内凝固状態推定量及び鋳型内凝固状態評価量に含まれる少なくとも一種以上の量と、過去に異常鋳造が発生したときの鋳型内凝固状態推定量及び鋳型内凝固状態評価量に含まれる少なくとも一種以上の量に基づいて求められて、許容限度値記憶手段に保存された許容限度値とを比較することにより、平常鋳造状態であるか、異常鋳造状態であるかを判定する判定手段とを備え、
前記モールドフラックス層を介して鋳片と接する4面の鋳型表面のうち、隣り合わずに相対する2面の水平方向の幅が等しい鋳型において、
他の2面よりも水平方向の幅が狭い2面を短辺と称し、
該短辺において得られる熱伝達係数βの同じ鋳型高さ位置での差を短辺β差と称し、
該短辺において得られる判定シェル厚みの同じ鋳型高さ位置での差を短辺シェル厚み差と称し、
前記鋳型内凝固状態評価量が、前記短辺β差及び前記短辺シェル厚み差のうち少なくともいずれかから算出されることを特徴とする鋳造状態の判定装置。
[11] 前記測温手段の埋設位置を、鋳型上端から120mm以上175mm以下の任意の位置をP1とし、鋳型上端から340mm以上480mm以下の任意の位置をP2とし、P1からP2までの範囲に120mm以下の間隔で設け、かつ、鋳型下端からの距離が300mm以内の位置に少なくとも1点設けることを特徴とする[10]に記載の鋳造状態の判定装置。
[12] 溶鋼から鋳型用の冷却水までの間に凝固シェル、モールドフラックス層、鋳型の各熱伝導体が存在する連続鋳造における鋳造状態を判定するためのプログラムであって、
前記鋳型に鋳造方向に位置をずらして埋設された複数の測温手段からのデータを用いて、前記モールドフラックス層を挟む前記凝固シェルと前記鋳型との間の単位温度差あたりの熱流束である熱伝達係数α、及び前記溶鋼と前記凝固シェルとの間の熱伝達係数βを逆問題を解くことにより求め、熱伝達係数α及び熱伝達係数βから凝固シェル厚み及び凝固シェル温度を推定する第1の処理と、
前記第1の処理で求めた熱伝達係数α、熱伝達係数β、凝固シェル推定厚み、及び凝固シェル推定温度を鋳型内凝固状態推定量とし、前記鋳型内凝固状態推定量から鋳型内凝固状態評価量を得る第2の処理と、
前記第2の処理で得た鋳型内凝固状態推定量及び鋳型内凝固状態評価量に含まれる少なくとも一種以上の量と、過去に異常鋳造が発生したときの鋳型内凝固状態推定量及び鋳型内凝固状態評価量に含まれる少なくとも一種以上の量に基づいて求められて、許容限度値記憶手段に保存された許容限度値とを比較することにより、平常鋳造状態であるか、異常鋳造状態であるかを判定する第3の処理とをコンピュータに実行させ、
前記モールドフラックス層を介して鋳片と接する4面の鋳型表面のうち、隣り合わずに相対する2面の水平方向の幅が等しい鋳型において、
他の2面よりも水平方向の幅が狭い2面を短辺と称し、
該短辺において得られる熱伝達係数βの同じ鋳型高さ位置での差を短辺β差と称し、
該短辺において得られる判定シェル厚みの同じ鋳型高さ位置での差を短辺シェル厚み差と称し、
前記鋳型内凝固状態評価量が、前記短辺β差及び前記短辺シェル厚み差のうち少なくともいずれかから算出されることを特徴とするプログラム。
まず、特許文献2の技術にあたる、連続鋳造における鋳型内凝固伝熱現象を模擬する数理モデルになる偏微分方程式とプロファイル法による近似解の導出、及び、その近似解を用いて鋳型内凝固状態を推定する逆問題を明確にし、その解法を説明する。
次に、鋳型内凝固状態を推定する逆問題手法を操業異常である偏流起因ブレイクアウトの早期検知に適用するにあたり、本発明の主たる部分である、異常鋳造を判定する凝固シェル温度と凝固シェル厚みの具体的な許容限度値の決定方法を説明する。
本発明を適用して鋳型内凝固状態の推定を行うに際し、好適な測温手段の埋設位置について説明する。
測温手段の埋設位置は、鋳造状況を監視するために、従来から使用している状態で使用すれば鋳型内凝固状態の推定は可能であるが、好ましくは、鋳型の想定している溶鋼湯面下95mm以内の任意の位置をP1とし、溶鋼湯面下220mm以上400mm以内の任意の位置をP2とし、P1からP2までの範囲に120mm以下の間隔で設け、かつ、鋳型下端から300mm以内の位置に少なくとも1点設けるのが望ましい。
配置パターン1は、鋳型上端から100mm以上340mm以内の範囲において間隔が120mmとなるように、かつ、鋳型下端から250mmの位置に1点設けたものである。
配置パターン2は、鋳型上端から40mm以上400mm以内の範囲において間隔が120mmとなるように、かつ、鋳型下端から250mmの位置に2点設けたものである。
配置パターン3は、鋳型上端から100mm以上340mm以内の範囲において間隔が60mmとなるように、かつ、鋳型下端から250mmの位置に1点設けたものである。
配置パターン4は、鋳型上端から100mm以上340mm以内の範囲において間隔が120mm以下で不等間隔となるように、かつ、鋳型下端から250mmの位置に1点設けたものである。
鋳型の温度分布を忠実に再現するには、温度勾配が大きい範囲、又は、温度勾配の変化が大きい範囲に測温手段を密に配置し、温度勾配が比較的小さい範囲には測温手段を疎に配置するのがよい。溶鋼湯面下から最下端測温手段位置までの温度分布を用いて鋳型内部の鋳造状態を推定することも考慮すると、鋳型上方の溶鋼湯面下は測温手段を密に埋設し、鋳型下方は測温手段を粗に埋設するのがよいことがわかり、密に埋設する範囲と粗に埋設する範囲の境目となる測温位置P2を決定する必要がある。
図7は、上記典型的な温度分布と、測温位置P2を溶鋼湯面下300mmとした近似温度分布を示すグラフである。上記範囲に測温手段を埋設することで、精度よく効率的に鋳型温度分布を再現できることが分かる。
前述したように、一般的な連続鋳造機では、溶鋼湯面を鋳型上端からの距離が80mm以上120mm以内の位置になるように溶鋼注入量を調整していることから、前記P1を鋳型上端から120mm以上175mm以下の任意の位置とし、前記P2を鋳型上端から340mm以上480mm以下の任意の位置とすれば、溶鋼湯面がいずれの位置であっても前述の測温手段の埋設位置の好適な条件を満足することになる。
本実施形態において使用する数理モデルについて説明する。一般に、数理モデルは現象の要因となる構成の簡略化によって異なるものが考えられるため、同じ現象を表すにも複数の選択肢がある。本発明で使用できる数理モデルは、図2に示すように、鋳型表面垂直方向、及び、鋳造方向の2方向からなる2次元断面上で、溶融金属から、凝固シェル2、モールドフラックス層3、鋳型4、冷却水5までの範囲における凝固伝熱現象を表す数理モデルであり、その数理モデルの枠組みの中で後述する逆問題が成立し、なおかつ、その逆問題を数値的・近似的に解くことができるものである。現在のところ、上記条件を満たすモデルのうち、計算機で実行可能となるものには、鋳型内の凝固伝熱現象を表す式(1)~(5)を連立した偏微分方程式と、鋳型4を通過する熱流束を異なる表現で表した式(6)~(8)を組み合わせたものがある。
以上が、特許文献2に記載の鋳型内状態の推定方法である。
次に、鋳型内状態を推定する逆問題手法を異常鋳造である偏流起因ブレイクアウトの早期検知方法に適用するにあたり、異常鋳造の前兆を判定する具体的な許容限度値の決定方法を説明する。
まず、予め鋳造中の鋳型温度等を保存しておく。その際、鋳造条件である鋳造速度、溶鋼温度と凝固温度の差であるスーパーヒート、鋳造幅も時系列データとして保存しておく。本発明が適用できる連続鋳造設備は、異常鋳造を起こしたことがあり、異常鋳造が発生したときに測定した温度情報等を保存してある連続鋳造設備である。
実際にこの許容限度値を適用する場合には、現在の鋳造条件が属するGkに対応する鋳型内凝固状態評価量の平均値μkと標準偏差σkを取り出し、実測して求めた鋳造状態判定量が式(57)を満たしていれば平常鋳造状態と判定し、式(57)を満たさなければ偏流起因ブレイクアウト発生の危険が高い異常鋳造状態と判定する。これが鋳造状態の判定方法である。
まず、鋳造を行う上で、鋳型4のサイズや物性値、及び、鋳造対象となる溶鋼1の物性値に関し、事前に知ることのできる鋳型熱伝導率λm、鋳型表面からの熱電対埋め込み深さd1、熱電対6から冷却水5までの距離d2、鋳型冷却水間熱伝達係数hw、凝固シェル比熱cs、凝固シェル密度ρs、凝固シェル熱伝導率λs、凝固潜熱L、及び凝固温度Tsは既知とする。鋳造中に変化する可能性のある溶鋼温度T0、冷却水温度Tw、及び鋳造速度Vcに関しては、平均的な値を用いることで既知とできるが、ステップS101で鋳型温度Tcと同じく計測することが望ましい。
ステップS102の熱流束取得工程では、ステップS101で得られた鋳型温度Tcから式(48)を用いて鋳型4を通過する熱流束qoutを求める。
ステップS103の鋳型表面温度取得工程では、ステップS101で得られた鋳型温度Tcから式(47)を用いて鋳型表面温度Tmを求める。
連続鋳造中の熱電対6を用いた鋳型4の温度測定結果が情報処理装置7に入力され、鋳型温度を補間して得られた熱電対埋め込み深さ位置の鋳造方向の温度分布が時系列でデータ記憶部313に保存されるとともに、熱流束取得部301にデータが送られる。
鋳型表面温度取得部302では、鋳型温度Tcから式(47)を用いて鋳型表面温度Tmが求められる。
また、以上説明した本発明の実施形態は、何れも本発明を実施するにあたっての具体化の例を示したものに過ぎず、これらによって本発明の技術的範囲が限定的に解釈されてはならないものである。すなわち、本発明はその技術思想、又はその主要な特徴から逸脱することなく、様々な形で実施することができる。
[実施例1]
本実施例は、本発明の方法を用いて鋳型内凝固状態の推定を行うに際し、測温手段である熱電対の鋳型内への埋設位置が推定精度へ及ぼす影響を評価したものである。
長さが1090mmの鋳型を用いて、溶鋼湯面が想定湯面位置である鋳型上端から85mmの位置となるように制御しながら、鋳造速度を1.7m/分として連続鋳造を実施した。熱電対を測温手段とし、熱電対の埋設位置は溶鋼湯面下15mmから255mmまで20mm間隔とし、加えて溶鋼湯面下755mm(鋳型下端から250mm)に1点設けて、鋳造中の温度データを採取した。ここで、熱電対の鋳型内への埋設位置については溶鋼湯面からの距離で表すことにしている。温度データの採取はサンプリング間隔を1秒とした。前記複数の熱電対の中から、熱伝達係数β及び凝固シェル厚みsの推定に用いるものを選択し、9水準の異なる選択の仕方で得られる推定結果から推定精度の評価を行った。
本実施例は、本発明の方法を用いた偏流起因ブレイクアウト検知に関する性能を評価し、従来法との比較を行ったものである。本実施例において、実施例1と同一の鋳型を使用し、鋳型内に埋設した測温手段の位置は実施例1における水準0とし、全ての測温手段から得られた温度データを用いて鋳型内凝固状態の推定を行った。
鋳型内凝固状態評価量の候補として、式(51)~(54)で与えられるものを採用した。評価時間は、1分、4分、7分、10分とし、評価点は、鋳型上部、中部、下部とした。許容限度値の検討期間を5ヶ月間として鋳型内凝固状態推定量、鋳型内凝固状態評価量の候補、及び鋳造条件を時系列データとして保存した。鋳造条件の層別に関しては、鋳造幅の階級幅を300mm、鋳造速度の階級幅を0.4m/分、スーパーヒートの階級幅を10℃として、鋳造幅、鋳造速度、スーパーヒートの各階級の組み合わせでもって鋳造条件の層別水準G01~G22とした。表3に詳細を示す。
この異常操業事例を用いて鋳型内凝固状態評価量の平常時からの乖離を比較したものを図13及び図14に示す。
図13は、移動平均である式(51)及び式(52)について式(55)で与えられる評価から得られた結果である。鋳型内凝固状態評価量としては、例えば短辺β差及び短辺s差のうち少なくともいずれかの過去1秒間から15分間の移動平均とすればよい。
図14は、式(53)及び式(54)について式(55)による評価した結果である。図14から、10分間を評価時間とした鋳型下部における短辺s差の符号付き最小値を鋳造状態判定量とすれば、平常時からの乖離が最も大きいことが判る。短辺β差の絶対値及び短辺s差の絶対値のうち少なくともいずれかの過去1秒間から15分間の最小値とすればよい。
図17は、許容限度値調整定数Aに対する平常鋳造を異常鋳造と見誤る比率の予測値であり、A=5としておけば、許容率0.2%を下回る。図18は、過去の異常鋳造である偏流起因ブレイクアウトにおいて、上記方法で得られた許容限度値と鋳造状態判定量のグラフであり、ブレイクアウト発生の約30分前に予知できることが判った。
特許文献6に記載の手法を比較例として、連続鋳造における鋳造異常の検出を試みた。
鋳造方向に間隔をおいて鋳型に埋設した温度計測手段(第1温度計測点:鋳型上面から160mm、第2温度計測点:340mm)で鋳型温度を計測し、鋳型温度計測値に基づいて各計測点における鋳型内面での熱流束を伝熱逆問題手法を用いてそれぞれ推定した。
実施例と同様に、偏流起因のブレイクアウトが発生した鋳造の計測データに関し、鋳造経過時間と、破孔側短辺の鋳型計測温度から推測した熱流束との関係を調べたところ、第1温度計測点に関してはブレイクアウト発生の5分前に当該位置の熱流束が2.4×106W/m2を超えてブレイクアウト発生まで上昇傾向となり、熱流束が予め設定した限界値以下に低下することはなかった。偏流起因のブレイクアウトでは、局所的に鋳型の冷却能力を超えた熱量が凝固シェルに与えられて凝固成長が阻害され、強度不足の凝固シェルが鋳型外部に引き抜かれて発生することから、ブレイクアウト発生の前に破孔側の短辺熱流束が増加する計算結果になったことは自然な結果と考えられる。しかしながら、特許文献6では、ブレイクアウトは、「鋳型と鋳片の間に噛み込んだ異物や鋳片の割れ等で部分的に鋳片凝固層厚みが薄くなった部位が破損し、溶鋼金属が流出することで発生する」と想定されており、「その原因となる異物または割れの影響で凝固層から鋳型への熱移動が妨げられ、熱流束の低下が起こる」ことを前提としているため、熱流束が低下するもののみが検知対象である。したがって、特許文献6の方法をそのまま適用するだけでは偏流起因のブレイクアウト発生を判定又は予測することはできない。
また、特許文献6の方法からの比較的容易な改良方法として、仮に、熱流束が予め設定した限界値を越えた場合(上昇の場合を含む)にブレイクアウトが発生すると予測する方法が考えられる。そこで、予め設定する限界値として、第1温度計測点に関しては、2.7×106W/m2を設定し、第2温度計測点に関しては、1.9×106W/m2を設定すれば、第1温度計測点の熱流束に関しては実際のブレイクアウト発生の65秒前に限界値を超え、第2温度計測点の熱流束に関しては、実際のブレイクアウト発生の26秒前に限界値を超えることから、ブレイクアウト発生を予測できる可能性があるように思われた。しかしながら、ブレイクアウト発生の3時間前から1時間前までの2時間の間は、ブレイクアウトに至るほどの偏流は発生していないと考えられ、実際にブレイクアウトが発生していないが、上記条件を満たす時間が、8回に分かれて合計で77秒間あり、誤検知が多い結果となった。したがって、偏流起因ブレイクアウトの発生を適切に予知することは、特許文献6の方法を利用するだけでは困難であることが分かった。
このように、従来法では、ブレイクアウトの発生をある程度検出することはできたが、ブレイクアウトの発生を適切に予知することまではできなかった。
以上に、偏流起因ブレイクアウトの検知方法について説明してきたが、連続鋳造における鋳造状態は様々な物理現象が複雑に影響し合ったものであり、偏流起因ブレイクアウトの検知に適正な鋳造状態判定量は自明でなかった。即ち、凝固シェル厚みが薄くなることにより偏流起因ブレイクアウトが発生すると見られているが、その他にも凝固シェルの内部応力等も影響すると見られており、偏流起因ブレイクアウトの発生メカニズム自体が十分に解明されているとは言い難い。また、計測により得られる情報は限られている。例えば、凝固シェルの内部応力は直接計測することはできなく、計測を基に推定しようとしても凝固シェル形状、凝固シェル内温度分布、鋳型の拘束条件を考慮する必要があるが、オンラインで使用可能な高速に計算する手法は提案されていない。
このような状況で偏流起因ブレイクアウトを精度良く検知するために、発明者らは、本発明の方法で推定した鋳型内凝固状態推定量から算出される様々な指標について評価し、十分な精度で偏流起因ブレイクアウトを検知し得る鋳造状態判定量を見出したものである。
Claims (12)
- 溶鋼から鋳型用の冷却水までの間に凝固シェル、モールドフラックス層、鋳型の各熱伝導体が存在する連続鋳造における鋳造状態の判定方法であって、
前記鋳型に鋳造方向に位置をずらして埋設された複数の測温手段からのデータを用いて、前記モールドフラックス層を挟む前記凝固シェルと前記鋳型との間の単位温度差あたりの熱流束である熱伝達係数α、及び前記溶鋼と前記凝固シェルとの間の熱伝達係数βを逆問題を解くことにより求め、熱伝達係数α及び熱伝達係数βから凝固シェル厚み及び凝固シェル温度を推定する第1の工程と、
前記第1の工程で求めた熱伝達係数α、熱伝達係数β、凝固シェル推定厚み、及び凝固シェル推定温度を鋳型内凝固状態推定量とし、前記鋳型内凝固状態推定量から鋳型内凝固状態評価量を得る第2の工程と、
前記第2の工程で得た鋳型内凝固状態推定量及び鋳型内凝固状態評価量に含まれる少なくとも一種以上の量と、過去に異常鋳造が発生したときの鋳型内凝固状態推定量及び鋳型内凝固状態評価量に含まれる少なくとも一種以上の量に基づいて求められて、許容限度値記憶手段に保存された許容限度値とを比較することにより、平常鋳造状態であるか、異常鋳造状態であるかを判定する第3の工程とを有し、
前記モールドフラックス層を介して鋳片と接する4面の鋳型表面のうち、隣り合わずに相対する2面の水平方向の幅が等しい鋳型において、
他の2面よりも水平方向の幅が狭い2面を短辺と称し、
該短辺において得られる熱伝達係数βの同じ鋳型高さ位置での差を短辺β差と称し、
該短辺において得られる判定シェル厚みの同じ鋳型高さ位置での差を短辺シェル厚み差と称し、
前記鋳型内凝固状態評価量が、前記短辺β差及び前記短辺シェル厚み差のうち少なくともいずれかから算出されることを特徴とする鋳造状態の判定方法。 - 前記第3の工程では、平常鋳造状態であるか、異常鋳造状態であるかとしてブレイクアウトの発生を判定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の鋳造状態の判定方法。
- 前記第2の工程で得た鋳型内凝固状態推定量及び鋳型内凝固状態評価量に含まれる少なくとも一種以上の量を時系列データとして、異常鋳造が発生したか否かの情報と併せてデータ記憶手段に保存する時系列データ保存工程と、
異常鋳造が発生したときの時系列データ、並びに該時系列データの平均及び標準偏差を含む統計情報に基づいて、平常鋳造状態とみなす範囲を規定する許容限度値を決定して前記許容限度値記憶手段に保存する許容限度値保存工程とを有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の鋳造状態の判定方法。 - 前記鋳型内凝固状態評価量が、短辺β差及び短辺シェル厚み差のうち少なくともいずれかの過去1秒間から15分間の移動平均であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の鋳造状態の判定方法。
- 前記鋳型内凝固状態評価量が、短辺β差の絶対値及び短辺シェル厚み差の絶対値のうち少なくともいずれかの過去1秒間から15分間の最小値であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の鋳造状態の判定方法。
- 前記統計情報は、予め定めておいた鋳造条件及び計測値に対する区分に応じて、鋳型内凝固状態推定量及び鋳型内凝固状態評価量に含まれる少なくとも一種以上の量を層別し、各層別集団における前記平均及び前記標準偏差のうち少なくともいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の鋳造状態の判定方法。
- 前記鋳造条件及び前記計測値は、鋳造速度、鋳造幅、溶鋼温度、溶鋼温度と液相線温度の差、及び溶鋼温度と固相線温度との差のうち1種以上であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の鋳造状態の判定方法。
- 前記許容限度値として、前記平均に前記標準偏差の1倍以上の値を加えた値、及び前記平均に前記標準偏差の1倍以上の値を減じた値を用いることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の鋳造状態の判定方法。
- 前記測温手段の埋設位置を、鋳型の想定している溶鋼湯面位置から下方に0mm以上95mm以下の任意の位置をP1とし、溶鋼湯面位置から下方に220mm以上400mm以下の任意の位置をP2とし、P1からP2までの範囲に120mm以下の間隔で設け、かつ、鋳型下端からの距離が300mm以内の位置に少なくとも1点設けることを特徴とする請求項1乃至8のいずれか1項に記載の鋳造状態の判定方法。
- 溶鋼から鋳型用の冷却水までの間に凝固シェル、モールドフラックス層、鋳型の各熱伝導体が存在する連続鋳造における鋳造状態の判定装置であって、
前記鋳型に鋳造方向に位置をずらして埋設された複数の測温手段からのデータを用いて、前記モールドフラックス層を挟む前記凝固シェルと前記鋳型との間の単位温度差あたりの熱流束である熱伝達係数α、及び前記溶鋼と前記凝固シェルとの間の熱伝達係数βを逆問題を解くことにより求め、熱伝達係数α及び熱伝達係数βから凝固シェル厚み及び凝固シェル温度を推定する推定手段と、
前記推定手段で求めた熱伝達係数α、熱伝達係数β、凝固シェル推定厚み、及び凝固シェル推定温度を鋳型内凝固状態推定量とし、前記鋳型内凝固状態推定量から鋳型内凝固状態評価量を得る演算手段と、
前記演算手段で得た鋳型内凝固状態推定量及び鋳型内凝固状態評価量に含まれる少なくとも一種以上の量と、過去に異常鋳造が発生したときの鋳型内凝固状態推定量及び鋳型内凝固状態評価量に含まれる少なくとも一種以上の量に基づいて求められて、許容限度値記憶手段に保存された許容限度値とを比較することにより、平常鋳造状態であるか、異常鋳造状態であるかを判定する判定手段とを備え、
前記モールドフラックス層を介して鋳片と接する4面の鋳型表面のうち、隣り合わずに相対する2面の水平方向の幅が等しい鋳型において、
他の2面よりも水平方向の幅が狭い2面を短辺と称し、
該短辺において得られる熱伝達係数βの同じ鋳型高さ位置での差を短辺β差と称し、
該短辺において得られる判定シェル厚みの同じ鋳型高さ位置での差を短辺シェル厚み差と称し、
前記鋳型内凝固状態評価量が、前記短辺β差及び前記短辺シェル厚み差のうち少なくともいずれかから算出されることを特徴とする鋳造状態の判定装置。 - 前記測温手段の埋設位置を、鋳型上端から120mm以上175mm以下の任意の位置をP1とし、鋳型上端から340mm以上480mm以下の任意の位置をP2とし、P1からP2までの範囲に120mm以下の間隔で設け、かつ、鋳型下端からの距離が300mm以内の位置に少なくとも1点設けることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の鋳造状態の判定装置。
- 溶鋼から鋳型用の冷却水までの間に凝固シェル、モールドフラックス層、鋳型の各熱伝導体が存在する連続鋳造における鋳造状態を判定するためのプログラムであって、
前記鋳型に鋳造方向に位置をずらして埋設された複数の測温手段からのデータを用いて、前記モールドフラックス層を挟む前記凝固シェルと前記鋳型との間の単位温度差あたりの熱流束である熱伝達係数α、及び前記溶鋼と前記凝固シェルとの間の熱伝達係数βを逆問題を解くことにより求め、熱伝達係数α及び熱伝達係数βから凝固シェル厚み及び凝固シェル温度を推定する第1の処理と、
前記第1の処理で求めた熱伝達係数α、熱伝達係数β、凝固シェル推定厚み、及び凝固シェル推定温度を鋳型内凝固状態推定量とし、前記鋳型内凝固状態推定量から鋳型内凝固状態評価量を得る第2の処理と、
前記第2の処理で得た鋳型内凝固状態推定量及び鋳型内凝固状態評価量に含まれる少なくとも一種以上の量と、過去に異常鋳造が発生したときの鋳型内凝固状態推定量及び鋳型内凝固状態評価量に含まれる少なくとも一種以上の量に基づいて求められて、許容限度値記憶手段に保存された許容限度値とを比較することにより、平常鋳造状態であるか、異常鋳造状態であるかを判定する第3の処理とをコンピュータに実行させ、
前記モールドフラックス層を介して鋳片と接する4面の鋳型表面のうち、隣り合わずに相対する2面の水平方向の幅が等しい鋳型において、
他の2面よりも水平方向の幅が狭い2面を短辺と称し、
該短辺において得られる熱伝達係数βの同じ鋳型高さ位置での差を短辺β差と称し、
該短辺において得られる判定シェル厚みの同じ鋳型高さ位置での差を短辺シェル厚み差と称し、
前記鋳型内凝固状態評価量が、前記短辺β差及び前記短辺シェル厚み差のうち少なくともいずれかから算出されることを特徴とするプログラム。
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KR102606935B1 (ko) * | 2019-10-03 | 2023-11-29 | 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 | 주형내 응고 셸 두께 추정 장치, 주형내 응고 셸 두께 추정 방법 및 강의 연속 주조 방법 |
CN112536425B (zh) * | 2020-12-03 | 2022-04-22 | 中南大学 | 一种连铸漏斗形结晶器钢液凝固与铸坯模拟装置及其使用方法 |
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RU2787109C1 (ru) * | 2019-03-22 | 2022-12-28 | ДжФЕ СТИЛ КОРПОРЕЙШН | Устройство для оценки толщины затвердевшей корочки в кристаллизаторе и способ оценки толщины затвердевшей корочки в кристаллизаторе |
JP2020157333A (ja) * | 2019-03-26 | 2020-10-01 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 学習モデル作成装置、鋳片品質推定装置、学習モデル作成方法、鋳片品質推定方法、およびプログラム |
RU2796256C1 (ru) * | 2019-10-03 | 2023-05-18 | ДжФЕ СТИЛ КОРПОРЕЙШН | Устройство и способ для оценки толщины затвердевшей оболочки в кристаллизаторе и способ непрерывной разливки стали |
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Also Published As
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KR20190105670A (ko) | 2019-09-17 |
US20190193146A1 (en) | 2019-06-27 |
CN106413942B (zh) | 2020-03-10 |
JPWO2015115651A1 (ja) | 2017-03-23 |
CA2937228A1 (en) | 2015-08-06 |
US10286447B2 (en) | 2019-05-14 |
EP3100802B1 (en) | 2020-04-01 |
JP6274226B2 (ja) | 2018-02-07 |
CA2937228C (en) | 2019-11-19 |
EP3100802A4 (en) | 2017-10-18 |
US20160332221A1 (en) | 2016-11-17 |
EP3100802A1 (en) | 2016-12-07 |
CN106413942A (zh) | 2017-02-15 |
KR20160102043A (ko) | 2016-08-26 |
KR20180082632A (ko) | 2018-07-18 |
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