WO2015115055A1 - 非水電解質二次電池用負極材及び非水電解質二次電池用負極材の製造方法並びに非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池用負極材及び非水電解質二次電池用負極材の製造方法並びに非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a high charge / discharge capacity and good cycle characteristics, a method for producing the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, particularly a lithium ion secondary battery. It relates to batteries.
- Patent Document 1 Patent Document 2 Reference
- Patent Document 3 Patent Document 3
- Patent Document 4 a method of using silicon oxide as a negative electrode material
- Patent Document 5 a method of using 2 N 2 O and Ge 2 N as negative electrode materials
- Patent Document 5 A method using 2 O (see Patent Document 5) is known.
- Patent Document 6 a method of carbonizing SiO after graphite and mechanical carbonization (see Patent Document 6), a method of coating a carbon layer on the surface of silicon particles by a chemical vapor deposition method (Patent Document) 7), and a method of coating a carbon layer on the surface of silicon oxide particles by chemical vapor deposition (see Patent Document 8).
- Patent Document 4 uses silicon oxide as a negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery to obtain a high-capacity electrode.
- the irreversible capacity at the time of initial charge / discharge is still large. Or the cycleability has not reached the practical level, and there is room for improvement.
- Patent Document 6 has a problem that a uniform carbon film is not formed because of solid-solid fusion, and the conductivity is insufficient.
- Patent Document 7 although a uniform carbon film can be formed, since Si is used as a negative electrode material, the expansion / contraction at the time of adsorption / desorption of lithium ions is too large, and as a result, it is practical.
- JP-A-5-174818 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-60867 JP-A-10-294112 Japanese Patent No. 2999741 JP-A-11-102705 JP 2000-243396 A JP 2000-215887 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-42806
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and maintains a high charge / discharge capacity by using a silicon-based active material, and has a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery excellent in cycleability and non- It aims at providing the manufacturing method of the negative electrode material for water electrolyte secondary batteries, and a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising a conductive powder in which the surface of a silicon-based active material particle is coated with a conductive carbon film,
- a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery wherein a peak half-value width of a d band measured from a Raman spectrum of the conductive carbon film is 100 cm ⁇ 1 or more.
- the conductive carbon film can be followed without being damaged.
- the conductive carbon film has a stress relaxation effect, the durability as a battery is increased, so that a high charge / discharge capacity is maintained and a negative electrode material for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery excellent in cycle performance is obtained. .
- peak intensity ratio I d / I g of the peak intensity I g of the peak intensity I d and g bands d bands are measured from the Raman spectra of the conductive carbon layer is 1.1 or less. In such a case, since the presence rate of the sp2 structure contributing to conductivity is high, the conductivity is increased and the cycle characteristics can be further improved.
- the silicon-based active material particles are preferably silicon oxide particles represented by the general formula SiO x (0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.6). Since such silicon oxide particles can be produced at low cost, the negative electrode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery can be produced at lower cost.
- the particles of the silicon-based active material have a structure in which silicon microcrystals are dispersed in silicon oxide, and the crystallite particle diameter of the silicon microcrystals is 1 to 9 nm. .
- the charge / discharge capacity is hardly reduced, and the particle diameter of silicon microcrystals is 9 nm or less.
- a region that does not contribute to charge / discharge hardly occurs in a part of the silicon particles, and it is possible to suppress a decrease in Coulomb efficiency indicating a ratio between the charge capacity and the discharge capacity.
- the conductive carbon film has a two-layer structure, and a layer in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the silicon-based active material particles is defined as a first-layer carbon film, and the first-layer carbon film.
- a layer in contact with the outer peripheral surface is a second layer carbon film, and the first layer carbon film is formed from a carbon raw material containing 70% by mass or more of a carbon compound having 3 or more carbon atoms.
- the carbon film of the second layer is preferably formed from a carbon raw material containing 70% by mass or more of a carbon compound having 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
- the carbon film of the first layer is excellent in conductivity in the carbon film, and the surface exposure of the particles of the silicon-based active material can be reduced as much as possible to realize a smooth and uniform coating.
- the carbon film of the second layer is a layer having a large specific surface area that is advantageous for conduction by contact between particles. If such a conductive powder coated with two layers of carbon films having different actions is included, a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery with significantly improved cycle characteristics and high-temperature storage stability can be obtained.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery characterized by comprising a nonaqueous electrolyte having a non-aqueous electrolyte. If it is such, it will become a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery which maintained high charge-discharge capacity and was excellent in cycling characteristics.
- a method for producing a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising a coating step of coating the surface of silicon-based active material particles with a conductive carbon film to form a conductive powder. After the covering step, a measurement step of measuring a peak half-value width of a d band of a Raman spectrum of the conductive carbon film in the conductive powder using a Raman spectrum method, and the d obtained in the measurement step.
- a method for producing a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising a sorting step of sorting the conductive powder having a peak half-value width of 100 cm -1 or more and sending it to the next step.
- the peak half-value width of the d band is 100 cm ⁇ 1 or more, even if the silicon-based active material particles undergo volume expansion during charging, the conductive carbon film can be followed without being damaged. If such conductive powder is selected and sent to the next process, the durability of the battery will increase, so the negative electrode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries is excellent in cycle performance while maintaining high charge / discharge capacity. Can be easily manufactured. Moreover, the negative electrode material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries which can also reduce the gas generation amount inside a battery can be manufactured.
- the peak intensity I g of the peak intensity I d and g bands d band of the Raman spectrum of the conductive carbon layer in the conductive powder is measured, in the sorting process, the peak intensity It is preferable to select the conductive powder having a ratio I d / I g of 1.1 or less and send it to the next step.
- the conductive powder is selected and sent to the next process, a conductive powder having a high abundance of sp2 structure that contributes to conductivity can be obtained, and the non-aqueous electrolyte with higher conductivity and more excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained.
- the negative electrode material for a secondary battery can be reliably produced.
- the silicon-based active material particles are preferably silicon oxide particles represented by the general formula SiO x (0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.6). Since such silicon oxide particles can be manufactured relatively easily, a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery can be manufactured at a lower cost.
- the particles of the silicon-based active material have a structure in which silicon microcrystals are dispersed in silicon oxide, and the crystallite diameter of the silicon microcrystals is 1 to 9 nm. preferable. If it does in this way, it can suppress that charging / discharging capacity
- the conductive carbon film has a two-layer structure, and a layer in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the silicon-based active material particles is defined as a first-layer carbon film, and the first-layer carbon film.
- the carbon film of the first layer is formed from a carbon raw material containing 70% by mass or more of a carbon compound having 3 or more carbon atoms
- the carbon film of the second layer is preferably formed from a carbon raw material containing 70% by mass or more of a carbon compound having 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
- a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that maintains a higher charge / discharge capacity and has excellent cycle characteristics can be produced.
- the negative electrode material produced by the production method of the present invention is suitable for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using this negative electrode material maintains a high charge / discharge capacity and has excellent cycle characteristics. It will be a thing. In addition, the amount of gas generated inside the battery can be reduced.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing measured values of Raman spectra measured in Example 1. It is the figure which showed the measured value of the Raman spectrum measured in the comparative example 1.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the present inventors have significantly improved battery characteristics by coating the surface of particles having a structure in which silicon microcrystals are dispersed in a silicon compound with a carbon film. It was confirmed that is seen. However, it was found that the required high charge / discharge capacity and good cycleability cannot be obtained with a simple carbon film. Therefore, as a result of detailed studies aimed at further improvement in characteristics, the present inventors have measured the Raman spectrum of the conductive carbon film as a conductive powder in which the surface of the silicon-based active material is coated with the conductive carbon film.
- the inventors have found that the required battery characteristic level can be reached by using a conductive powder having a peak half-value width of 100 cm ⁇ 1 or more as a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. It has come.
- the present inventors evaluated the battery characteristics of conductive powder in which the surface of particles having a structure in which silicon microcrystals obtained under various conditions are dispersed in a silicon compound is coated with a carbon film. As a result, it was confirmed that there was a difference in characteristics depending on each material. Therefore, as a result of analysis of the various materials obtained, a clear correlation was found between battery characteristics and carbon crystallinity. By limiting these factors to a certain range, a non-aqueous electrolyte with good battery characteristics was obtained. It has been found that a negative electrode material for a secondary battery can be obtained.
- conductive powder obtained by laminating carbon films of different film quality on the surface of a silicon-based active material is used as a negative electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. It has been found that the required battery characteristic level can be reached by using as a material.
- the present invention relates to a conductive powder in which the surface of particles of a silicon-based active material that occludes and releases lithium ions is coated with a conductive carbon film having a peak half-value width of d band measured from a Raman spectrum of 100 cm ⁇ 1 or more.
- a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, a manufacturing method thereof, and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the negative electrode material First, the negative electrode material for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention will be described.
- the silicon-based active material contained in the negative electrode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention may be any material containing silicon in addition to silicon (silicon simple substance), and may be, for example, silicon oxide. By using the particles of these silicon-based active materials, the effects of the present invention can be imparted while taking advantage of the respective materials.
- silicon oxide and the like represented by the example formula SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2 ).
- This silicon oxide can be obtained by cooling and precipitating silicon oxide gas generated by heating a mixture of silicon dioxide and metal silicon.
- the obtained silicon oxide particles are etched using hydrogen fluoride or the like, silicon dioxide or silicon oxide is reduced, and silicon microcrystals are dispersed in silicon oxide Is also referred to as silicon oxide in the present invention.
- the silicon-based active material particles are preferably silicon oxide particles represented by SiO x (0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.6). Since such silicon oxide particles are easy to manufacture, the use of the silicon oxide particles provides a low-cost negative electrode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the physical properties of the silicon-based active material particles are appropriately selected according to the intended composite particles, but the average particle size is preferably 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the lower limit is more preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more, and further preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more.
- the upper limit is more desirably 30 ⁇ m or less, and further desirably 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter in this invention is a volume average particle diameter in the particle size distribution measurement by a laser beam diffraction method.
- the silicon-based active material particles contained in the negative electrode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention preferably have a structure in which silicon microcrystals are dispersed in silicon oxide.
- BET specific surface area is 0.5 ⁇ 100m 2 / g preferably particles having a dispersed structure in the microcrystalline silicon oxide of silicon, 1 ⁇ 20m 2 / g is more preferable.
- the silicon-based active material having a structure in which silicon microcrystals are dispersed in silicon oxide preferably has the following properties.
- Cu-K ⁇ X-ray diffraction
- the particle size of silicon microcrystals is preferably 1 to 9 nm, more preferably 1 to 8 nm, and still more preferably 1 to 7 nm.
- silicon-based active material particles having such a structure silicon is not completely amorphous and is not in a united state, so there is almost no risk of reducing the charge / discharge capacity, and the particle size of silicon microcrystals is small. Since it is 9 nm or less, there is a low possibility that a region that does not contribute to charge / discharge is generated in a part of the silicon particles, and the decrease in coulomb efficiency can be reliably suppressed.
- the conductive carbon film coated with the silicon-based active material is characterized in that the value of the peak half-value width Dh of the d band is as large as 100 cm ⁇ 1 or more, and thereby the structural uniformity is low.
- the peak half width of the d band, the peak half width of the g band, and the intensity ratio generally observed in a Raman spectrum are used as an index representing the structure of the conductive carbon film.
- the d-band peak is presumed to be due to the sp3 structure, and is observed in the vicinity where the Raman shift is 1330 to 1350 cm ⁇ 1 .
- the g band is presumed to originate from an annular planar structure due to sp2 hybridization, and is observed in the vicinity where the Raman shift is 1580 to 1590 cm ⁇ 1 .
- the peak half-width (Dh) of the d band can be considered as an index representing the uniformity of the sp3 structure. That is, the smaller the value of Dh, the higher the uniformity of the fine structure of the sp3 carbon, and the dense structure.
- the peak intensity ratio of the peak intensity I g of the peak intensity I d and g bands d band (I d / I g) may also be used as a value representing the quality.
- the conductive carbon film generated by pyrolysis of the carbon raw material is generally amorphous carbon. It is shown that the smaller the I d / I g ratio of this film, the higher the carbon abundance ratio of the sp2 structure (see Non-Patent Document 1).
- the conductive carbon film coated on the surface of the silicon-based active material has a d-band peak half-value width Dh of 100 cm ⁇ 1 or more.
- the peak half width Dh of the d band is larger, the uniformity of the sp3 structure is lower.
- the conductive carbon film can follow the volume expansion due to charging of the active material particles without being damaged.
- the structure has a width because there is a stress relaxation effect.
- the peak half-value width Dh is smaller than 100 cm ⁇ 1, there is no relaxation effect, and the conductive carbon film is easily broken due to the expansion of the active material particles, so that the durability as a battery is poor.
- it becomes the negative electrode material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries which can also reduce the gas generation amount inside a battery.
- the ratio I d / I g of the peak intensity of the d band and the g band is 1.1 or less.
- I d / I g is 1.1 or less, the abundance of the sp2 structure, which is estimated to contribute to conductivity, is high, the conductivity is high, and the cycle characteristics are more excellent.
- the conductive carbon film preferably has a two-layer structure.
- the layer in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the silicon-based active material particles is the first carbon film
- the layer in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the first carbon film is the second carbon film.
- the first layer carbon film is preferably formed from a carbon raw material containing 70% by mass or more of a carbon compound having 3 or more carbon atoms.
- the carbon film of the second layer is preferably formed from a carbon raw material containing 70% by mass or more of a carbon compound having 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
- the carbon film of the first layer is excellent in conductivity in the carbon film, and the surface exposure of the particles of the silicon-based active material can be reduced as much as possible to realize a smooth and uniform coating.
- the carbon film of the second layer is a layer having a large specific surface area that is advantageous for conduction by contact between particles. If two layers of carbon films having different functions are coated, a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery with significantly improved cycle characteristics and high temperature storage stability can be obtained.
- silicon-based active material particles are prepared.
- the silicon-based active material particles produced here include silicon (silicon simple substance) and silicon oxide.
- silicon oxide include silicon oxides represented by the general formula SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2). In particular, silicon oxide particles represented by SiO x (0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.6). Can be adopted. Since the silicon oxide particles are easy to manufacture, the negative electrode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery can be manufactured at low cost by using the silicon oxide particles.
- the silicon-based active material particles preferably have a structure in which silicon microcrystals are dispersed in silicon oxide, and the crystallite diameter of the silicon microcrystals is 1 to 9 nm. If it does in this way, it can suppress that charging / discharging capacity
- the silicon oxide in the present invention can be obtained by cooling and precipitating silicon oxide gas generated by heating a mixture of silicon dioxide and metal silicon.
- the obtained silicon oxide particles are etched using hydrogen fluoride or the like, silicon dioxide or silicon oxide is reduced, and silicon microcrystals are dispersed in silicon oxide. Those can also be used as silicon oxide in the present invention.
- a coating step is performed in which the surface of the produced silicon-based active material particles is coated with a conductive carbon film to form a conductive powder.
- the conductive carbon film to be coated on the surface of the silicon-based active material particles is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to stack two or more carbon films having different film qualities.
- the layer in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the silicon-based active material particles is defined as the first layer carbon film
- the layer in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the first layer carbon film is defined as the second layer carbon film.
- Each layer can be formed by thermal decomposition (CVD) of a carbon raw material containing carbon.
- conductive carbon films having different film qualities can be coated by using different carbon raw materials and forming conditions for forming each layer.
- CVD thermal decomposition
- conductive carbon films having different film qualities can be coated by using different carbon raw materials and forming conditions for forming each layer.
- the carbon film of the first layer can be formed using a carbon raw material in which 70% by mass or more is a carbon compound having 3 or more carbon atoms as a carbon raw material.
- Carbon compounds having 3 or more carbon atoms include hydrocarbon gases such as propane, propylene, butane and butadiene, n-hexane, cyclohexane, toluene, xylene, styrene, ethylbenzene, diphenylmethane, naphthalene, phenol, cresol, nitrobenzene, chlorobenzene, Examples thereof include monocyclic to tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as indene, coumarone, pyridine, anthracene, phenanthrene, and mixtures thereof.
- gas light oil, creosote oil, anthracene oil, and naphtha cracked tar oil obtained in the tar distillation step can be used alone or as a mixture.
- saccharides such as glucose and sucrose
- carbon-based polymers such as polyimide, polyamide, and polystyrene can be used as the carbon compound.
- propane, propylene, toluene, glucose and sucrose are more preferable, and propane, propylene and toluene are more preferable.
- the carbon raw material contains at least 70% by mass of the above-mentioned carbon compound having 3 or more carbon atoms, preferably 75% by mass or more, and more preferably 80% by mass or more.
- the carbon film of the first layer is formed by introducing the above carbon raw material in the presence of silicon-based active material particles in a thermal decomposition reactor and pyrolyzing the introduced carbon raw material at 600 to 1300 ° C. Can do. More preferably, the carbon raw material is pyrolyzed at 650 to 1100 ° C.
- the pressure in the pyrolysis reactor can be normal pressure or reduced pressure of 50 Pa or more. If the pressure is adjusted to 50 Pa or higher so that the inside of the furnace does not become a high vacuum, the abundance of the carbon raw material components in the furnace does not decrease, and the growth rate of the carbon film can be prevented from slowing down. More preferably, the pressure is 100 Pa or more.
- the carbon film of the second layer is formed using a carbon material in which 70% by mass or more is a carbon compound having 1 to 2 carbon atoms as a carbon material.
- a carbon material in which 70% by mass or more is a carbon compound having 1 to 2 carbon atoms as a carbon material.
- hydrocarbon gas such as methane, ethane, ethylene, and acetylene can be used, but methane is preferable.
- the carbon raw material contains at least 70% by mass of the above-mentioned carbon compound having 1 or 2 carbon atoms, preferably 75% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more.
- the carbon film of the second layer is formed by introducing the above carbon raw material in the presence of silicon-based active material particles in a thermal decomposition reactor and pyrolyzing the introduced carbon raw material at 700 to 1300 ° C. Can do.
- the total carbon coverage of the first layer carbon film and the second layer carbon film is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 40% by mass with respect to the silicon-based active material particles. More preferably, the content is set to 30% by mass. If the total amount of the carbon coating is 1% by mass or more, sufficient conductivity can be maintained, and as a result, when a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is used, a decrease in cycle performance can be suppressed. When the total amount of the carbon coating is 40% by mass or less, the effect of the conductive carbon film is improved, and the proportion of carbon in the negative electrode material does not increase so much, and it is used as a negative electrode material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries. If so, the decrease in charge / discharge capacity can be suppressed.
- the ratio of the carbon film of the first layer to the carbon film of the second layer in the conductive carbon film is not particularly limited, but the carbon amount of the carbon film of the first layer is 40 to 99% by mass of the total carbon coating amount. It is preferable to do. More preferably, the content is 45 to 98% by mass, and more preferably 50 to 97% by mass. As described above, a conductive carbon film is coated on the surface of the silicon-based active material to produce a conductive powder.
- both the first layer carbon film and the second layer carbon film are formed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is exemplified.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a silicon-based active material and water are mixed.
- a carbon film may be formed by heating after adding and dissolving a carbon raw material into the slurry and spray drying.
- the conductive carbon film to be coated has a two-layer structure is illustrated above, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the conductive carbon film to be coated may be one layer or three or more layers. good.
- a measurement step of measuring the peak half-value width Dh of the d band in the Raman spectrum of the conductive carbon film in the conductive powder is performed using the Raman spectrum method.
- a predetermined amount of conductive powder particles are randomly extracted from the set of conductive powders produced in the coating step, and the Raman spectrum of the conductive carbon film of the extracted particles is obtained. It can be measured by the Raman spectrum method.
- the measurement value of the Raman spectrum of the conductive carbon film can be measured, for example, using a Horiba Raman microscope XploRa.
- a screening step is performed in which the conductive powder having a peak half-value width Dh of d band obtained in the measurement step of 100 cm ⁇ 1 or more is selected and sent to the next step.
- this selection step only the set of conductive powders obtained by extracting particles of the conductive powder whose peak half-value width Dh of the d band in the Raman spectrum measured in the previous measurement step was 100 cm ⁇ 1 or more is selected. Send to.
- This selection step does not necessarily have to be performed every time the negative electrode material is manufactured. Once the Raman spectrum is measured and the condition that the peak half-value width of the d band is 100 cm ⁇ 1 or more is found and selected, The negative electrode material can be manufactured under the same conditions as the selected conditions.
- the peak intensity ratio I d / I g is measured in the previous measurement step, and the conductive powder having the peak intensity ratio of 1.1 or less is further selected and sent to the next step.
- the conductive powder is further selected and sent to the next step, a conductive powder having a high abundance of sp2 structure that contributes to conductivity can be obtained, and the non-aqueous electrolyte has higher conductivity and more excellent cycle characteristics.
- a negative electrode material for a secondary battery can be reliably produced. As described above, the negative electrode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention is manufactured.
- the particles of the conductive powder having a d band peak half width of 100 cm ⁇ 1 or more can be followed even if the silicon-based active material particles expand during charging, the conductive carbon film can be followed without damage. If such conductive powder is selected and sent to the next process, the durability of the battery will increase, so the negative electrode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries is excellent in cycle performance while maintaining high charge / discharge capacity. Can be manufactured. Moreover, the negative electrode material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries which can also reduce the gas generation amount inside a battery can be manufactured.
- a negative electrode can be produced to produce a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- a silicon-based active material electrode using the negative electrode material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries of the present invention as the main active material may be used.
- a conductive agent such as graphite can be added.
- the type of the conductive agent is not particularly limited, and any conductive material that does not cause decomposition or alteration in the configured battery may be used.
- Al, Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu, Metal powder such as Zn, Ag, Sn, Si, metal fiber or natural graphite, artificial graphite, various coke powders, mesophase carbon, vapor-grown carbon fiber, pitch-based carbon fiber, PAN-based carbon fiber, various resin fired bodies
- Such graphite can be used.
- the following method is mentioned as a preparation method of a negative electrode (molded body).
- the negative electrode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention and other additives such as a conductive agent and a binder as necessary are kneaded with a solvent such as N-methylpyrrolidone or water to form a paste-like composite.
- This mixture is applied to the current collector sheet.
- any material that is usually used as a negative electrode current collector, such as a copper foil or a nickel foil can be used without any particular limitation on thickness and surface treatment.
- molds a mixture into a sheet form is not specifically limited, A well-known method can be used.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention is characterized in that the negative electrode material for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention is used.
- Other positive electrode, negative electrode, nonaqueous electrolyte, separator and other materials, battery shape, etc. Can use a well-known thing, and is not specifically limited.
- oxides of transition metals such as LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , V 2 O 5 , MnO 2 , TiS 2 , MoS 2 , lithium, chalcogen compounds, and the like are used.
- non-aqueous electrolyte for example, a non-aqueous solution containing a lithium salt such as lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium perchlorate is used.
- a lithium salt such as lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium perchlorate
- the non-aqueous solvent propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethoxyethane, ⁇ - One type or a combination of two or more types such as butyrolactone and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran are used.
- Various other non-aqueous electrolytes and solid electrolytes can also be used.
- the conductive powder A has a carbon coating amount of 4.6 mass% with respect to silicon oxide particles, and a peak intensity ratio I d / I g measured from a Raman spectrum (measured using a device Horiba Raman microscope XploRa, analysis software LabSpec). The peak half-width Dh of the d band was 0.98 and 144 cm ⁇ 1 . The particle diameter of silicon crystallites dispersed in silicon oxide calculated based on the broadening of the diffraction line of X-ray diffraction (Cu-K ⁇ ) was 3.2 nm.
- the measured value of the Raman spectrum of the conductive powder A is shown in FIG.
- the obtained conductive powder A as a negative electrode active material, the following electrode production, coin-type battery production, battery evaluation, and gas generation evaluation were performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 300 g of the conductive powder A produced in Example 1 was again charged in a heating furnace, the pressure inside the furnace was reduced to 100 Pa or less, and the temperature was raised to 1000 ° C. and held. Next, methane gas is introduced as a carbon raw material at 4 NL / min, and a carbon coating process is performed for 1 hour to form a second carbon film on the first carbon film. 304 g was obtained.
- the conductive powder B has a carbon coating amount of 5.8% by mass with respect to silicon oxide particles, and a peak intensity ratio I d / measured from a Raman spectrum of a carbon film in which the first layer carbon film and the second layer carbon film are combined.
- the particle diameter of the crystallite of silicon dispersed in silicon oxide calculated based on the broadening of the diffraction line of X-ray diffraction (Cu-K ⁇ ) was 11 nm.
- the Raman spectrum of the conductive powder C is shown in FIG.
- the following electrode production, coin-type battery production, battery evaluation, and gas generation evaluation were performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the conductive powder D has a carbon coating amount of 5.6 mass% with respect to silicon oxide particles, a peak intensity ratio I d / I g measured from a Raman spectrum of 0.88, and a peak half-value width Dh of a d band of 137 cm ⁇ 1 . there were.
- the particle diameter of silicon crystallites dispersed in silicon oxide calculated based on the broadening of the diffraction line of X-ray diffraction (Cu-K ⁇ ) was 5.5 nm.
- the obtained conductive powder D as a negative electrode active material, the following electrode production, coin-type battery production, battery evaluation, and gas generation evaluation were performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the conductive powder E had a carbon coating amount of 6.6 mass% on silicon oxide particles, a peak intensity ratio I d / I g measured from a Raman spectrum of 0.91, and a peak half-value width Dh of a d band of 107 cm ⁇ 1 . there were.
- the particle diameter of silicon crystallites dispersed in silicon oxide calculated based on the broadening of the diffraction line of X-ray diffraction (Cu-K ⁇ ) was 7.5 nm.
- the obtained conductive powder E as a negative electrode active material, the following electrode production, coin-type battery production, battery evaluation, and gas generation evaluation were performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the amount of carbon coating on the silicon oxide particles was 4.1% by mass, the peak intensity ratio I d / I g measured from the Raman spectrum was 1.12, and the peak half-value width Dh of the d band was 82 cm ⁇ 1 . .
- the particle diameter of the silicon crystallites dispersed in silicon oxide calculated based on the broadening of the diffraction line of X-ray diffraction (Cu—K ⁇ ) was 6.5 nm.
- the particle diameter of the silicon crystallite calculated based on the broadening of the diffraction line of X-ray diffraction (Cu-K ⁇ ) was 12 nm.
- the following electrode production, coin-type battery production, battery evaluation, and gas generation evaluation were performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- This slurry was applied to one side of a copper foil having a thickness of 11 ⁇ m, dried at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then the electrode was pressure-formed by a roller press, and the electrode was vacuum dried at 300 ° C. for 2 hours. Thereafter, the circular cut so that an area 2 cm 2, and a negative electrode.
- the evaluation results were evaluated as A when the initial discharge maintenance ratio was 85% or higher, B when 75% or lower and lower than 85%, C when 65% or lower and lower than 75%, and D when lower.
- a dedicated vial of head space gas chromatography GC: Agilent 6890N, head space: 7697A
- the vial was stored at 60 ° C. for 1 week, then set in a headspace gas chromatography, and measurement was performed with a driving amount of 1 mL.
- a standard curve is drawn with a standard sample, and the converted gas volume is less than 2.0 mL A, 2.0 to less than 3.5 mL B, 3.5 to less than 5.0 mL The thing was evaluated as C and 5.0 ml or more was evaluated as D.
- Table 1 summarizes the results of the examples and comparative examples.
- Example 1 As shown in Table 1, it was confirmed that each of Examples 1-4 was a lithium ion secondary battery having excellent cycle characteristics and a small amount of gas generation. On the other hand, it was confirmed that Comparative Example 1-3 had inferior cycle characteristics and increased gas generation compared to Example 1-4. As described above, it is confirmed that a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the negative electrode material for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery produced in the present invention has excellent cycle characteristics and a small amount of gas generation. It was.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the above-described embodiment is an exemplification, and the present invention has any configuration that has substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention and that exhibits the same effects. Are included in the technical scope.
Abstract
Description
特に、特許文献4では、酸化珪素をリチウムイオン二次電池負極材として用い、高容量の電極を得ているが、本発明者らが見る限りにおいては、未だ初回充放電時における不可逆容量が大きかったり、サイクル性が実用レベルに達していなかったりし、改良する余地がある。
このようなものであれば、導電性に寄与するsp2構造の存在率が高いため、導電性が高くなり、よりサイクル特性に優れたものとできる。
このような酸化珪素の粒子は、低コストで製造できるため、より低コストの非水電解質二次電池用負極材となる。
このようなものであれば、珪素が完全なアモルファスで渾然一体とした状態ではないので、充放電容量が小さくなる恐れがほとんどなく、珪素の微結晶の粒子径が9nm以下のものであるので、珪素粒子の一部に充放電に寄与しない領域が生じることがほとんどなく、充電容量と放電容量の比を示すクーロン効率の低下を抑制できる。
このようなものであれば、高い充放電容量を維持し、サイクル性に優れた非水電解質二次電池となる。
このように導電性粉末を選別して次工程に送れば、導電性に寄与するsp2構造の存在率が高い導電性粉末を得られ、導電性が高く、よりサイクル特性の優れた非水電解質二次電池用負極材を確実に製造することができる。
このような酸化珪素の粒子は、比較的容易に製造できるためより低コストで非水電解質二次電池用負極材を製造することができる。
このようにすれば、充放電容量が小さくなることを抑制でき、かつクーロン効率が低下することを確実に抑制できる。
このように、それぞれ異なる作用を有する炭素膜を2層被覆された導電性粉末を使用すれば、サイクル特性及び高温保存性が格段に向上した非水電解質二次電池用負極材を確実に製造することができる。
本発明者らは、上記目的を達成するため種々検討を行った結果、珪素の微結晶が珪素系化合物に分散した構造を有する粒子の表面を炭素膜で被覆することにより、著しい電池特性の向上が見られることを確認した。しかし、単なる炭素膜では、要求される高い充放電容量及び良好なサイクル性が得られないことがわかった。そこで、本発明者らはさらなる特性向上を目指し、詳細検討を行った結果、珪素系活物質表面に導電性炭素膜を被覆した導電性粉末として、導電性炭素膜のラマンスペクトルから測定されるdバンドのピーク半値幅が100cm-1以上である導電性粉末を非水電解質二次電池用負極材として用いることで、要求される電池特性レベルに到達し得ることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至ったものである。
本発明は、リチウムイオンを吸蔵及び放出する珪素系活物質の粒子の表面を、ラマンスペクトルから測定されるdバンドのピーク半値幅が100cm-1以上である導電性炭素膜で被覆した導電性粉末を含む非水電解質二次電池用負極材及びその製造方法、並びにその負極材を用いた非水電解質二次電池である。
まず、本発明の非水電解質二次電池用負極材について説明する。
本発明の非水電解質二次電池用負極材に含まれる珪素系活物質とは、珪素(珪素単体)の他、珪素を含有するものであれば良く、例えば酸化珪素とすることができる。これらの珪素系活物質の粒子を用いることにより、それぞれの材料の利点を生かしつつ、本発明による効果を付与することができる。
このような酸化珪素の粒子は製造しやすいため、この酸化珪素の粒子を使用することにより低コストの非水電解質二次電池用負極材となる。
銅を対陰極としたX線回折(Cu-Kα)において、2θ=47.5°付近を中心としたSi(220)に帰属される回折線の広がりをもとに、シェラーの式によって求めた珪素の微結晶の粒子径が1~9nmであることが好ましく、より好ましくは1~8nm、更に好ましくは1~7nmであることが望ましい。
本発明において、珪素系活物質に被覆する導電性炭素膜は、dバンドのピーク半値幅Dhの値が100cm-1以上と大いことを特徴とし、それにより構造均一性が低いものである。
導電性炭素膜の構造を表す指標として、一般にラマンスペクトルで観測されるdバンドのピーク半値幅、gバンドのピーク半値幅、及び強度比が用いられる。dバンドのピークは、sp3構造に起因すると推定され、ラマンシフトが1330~1350cm-1となる付近に観測される。またgバンドは、sp2混成による環状平面構造に由来すると推定され、ラマンシフトが1580~1590cm-1となる付近に観測される。dバンドのピーク半値幅(Dh)は、sp3構造の均一性を表す指標と考えることができる。即ちDhの値が小さいほど、sp3カーボンの微細構造の均一性が高く、緻密な構造をとっている。一方で、dバンドのピーク強度Idとgバンドのピーク強度Igのピーク強度比(Id/Ig)も膜質を表す値として用いることができる。炭素原料の熱分解にて生成する導電性炭素膜は、一般的にアモルファスカーボンである。この膜のId/Ig比が小さいほど、sp2構造のカーボン存在比が高いことが示されている(非特許文献1参照)。
Id/Igが1.1以下の場合、導電性に寄与すると推定されるsp2構造の存在率が高く、導電性が高くなり、よりサイクル特性に優れたものとなる。
酸化珪素としては、一般式SiOx(0<x<2)で表される珪素酸化物が挙げられるが、特にSiOx(0.5≦x<1.6)で表される酸化珪素の粒子を採用することができる。
この酸化珪素の粒子は製造しやすいため、この酸化珪素の粒子を使用することにより低コストで非水電解質二次電池用負極材を製造できる。
このようにすれば、充放電容量が小さくなることを抑制でき、かつクーロン効率が低下することを抑制できる。
この被覆工程において、珪素系活物質の粒子の表面に被覆する導電性炭素膜は、特に限定されないが、異なる膜質の炭素膜を2層以上積層することが好ましい。以下、珪素系活物質の粒子の外周面と接している層を第1層の炭素膜、該第1層の炭素膜の外周面と接している層を第2層の炭素膜として、それぞれの層の形成方法を説明する。
まず、第1層の炭素膜の形成方法の一例を説明する。
第1層の炭素膜は、炭素膜内の導電性に優れ、粒子の表面露出をできるだけ少なくするような、平滑で均一な被覆を実現する層とすることが好ましい。
このときの、熱分解反応炉内の圧力は、常圧、又は50Pa以上の減圧下とすることができる。圧力を50Pa以上として、炉内が高真空にならないように調節すれば、炉内の炭素原料成分の存在量が少なくなることがなく、炭素膜の成長速度が遅くなることを防止できる。また、より好ましくは、圧力は100Pa以上が望ましい。
以上のようにして、珪素系活物質の表面に導電性炭素膜を被覆し、導電性粉末を作製する。
この測定工程においては、例えば、上記被覆工程にて作製した導電性粉末の集合から、無作為に所定量の導電性粉末の粒子を抽出し、この抽出した粒子の導電性炭素膜のラマンスペクトルをラマンスペクトル法で測定することができる。導電性炭素膜のラマンスペクトルの測定数値は、例えば堀場製ラマン顕微鏡XploRaを用いて測定することができる。そして、測定したラマンスペクトルにおけるdバンドのピーク半値幅Dh、dバンドのピーク強度Id、gバンドのピーク強度Ig、及びピーク強度比Id/Ig等の数値は解析ソフトLabSpec等を用いて算出することができる。
この選別工程においては、先の測定工程で測定したラマンスペクトルにおけるdバンドのピーク半値幅Dhが100cm-1以上であった導電性粉末の粒子を抽出した導電性粉末の集合のみ選別して次工程に送る。尚、この選別工程は、必ずしも負極材の製造の都度行う必要はなく、一度ラマンスペクトルの測定を行い、dバンドのピーク半値幅が100cm-1以上となる条件を見出して選択すれば、その後は、その選択された条件と同じ条件で負極材を製造することができる。
このように導電性粉末を更に選別して次工程に送れば、導電性に寄与するsp2構造の存在率が高い導電性粉末を得られ、導電性が高く、よりサイクル特性の優れた非水電解質二次電池用負極材を確実に製造することができる。
以上のようにして、本発明の非水電解質二次電池用負極材を製造する。
なお、本発明の非水電解質二次電池用負極材を用いて負極を作製する場合、主活物質として本発明の非水電解質二次電池用負極材を用いた珪素系活物質電極としてもよく、また主活物質として、公知の黒鉛系活物質である天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛を用い、さらに本発明の非水電解質二次電池用負極材を添加した混合系電極としてもよい。
平均粒子径8μmの一般式SiOx(x=0.98)で表される酸化珪素粒子300gを加熱炉に仕込み、炉内を窒素置換した後、850℃まで昇温、保持した。次に、窒素ガスをキャリアガスとして用い、炭素原料としてのトルエンを気化装置にて気化させ、1g/minの流速で流入し、1時間の炭素被覆処理を行うことにより、第1層の炭素膜のみを有する導電性粉末Aを315g得た。導電性粉末Aは、酸化珪素粒子に対する炭素被覆量が4.6質量%、ラマンスペクトル(装置 堀場製ラマン顕微鏡 XploRa、解析ソフトLabSpecを用いて測定)から測定したピーク強度比Id/Igが0.98、dバンドのピーク半値幅Dhが144cm-1であった。またX線回折(Cu-Kα)の回折線の広がりを元に算出した酸化珪素に分散した珪素の結晶子の粒子径は3.2nmであった。導電性粉末Aのラマンスペクトルの測定値を図1に示す。
以下、得られた導電性粉末Aを負極活物質として用い、下記記載の電極作製、コイン型電池作製、及び電池評価、ガス発生評価を行った。結果は表1に記載した。
実施例1で作製した導電性粉末Aを300g再度加熱炉に仕込み、炉内を100Pa以下の減圧にした後、1000℃まで昇温、保持した。次に、炭素原料としてメタンガスを4NL/minで導入し、1時間の炭素被覆処理を行うことにより、第1層の炭素膜の上に第2層の炭素膜を形成して、導電性粉末Bを304g得た。導電性粉末Bは、酸化珪素粒子に対する炭素被覆量が5.8質量%、第1層の炭素膜と第2層の炭素膜を合わせた炭素膜のラマンスペクトルから測定したピーク強度比Id/Igが1.02、dバンドのピーク半値幅Dhは113cm-1であった。またX線回折(Cu-Kα)の回折線の広がりを元に算出した酸化珪素に分散した珪素の結晶子の粒子径は4.4nmであった。
以下、得られた導電性粉末Bを負極活物質として用い、下記記載の電極作製、コイン型電池作製、及び電池評価、ガス発生評価を行った。結果は表1に記載した。
平均粒子径8μmの一般式SiOx(x=0.98)で表される酸化珪素粒子300gを加熱炉に仕込み、炉内を100Pa以下の減圧にした後、1150℃まで昇温、保持した。次に、炭素原料としてメタンガスを4NL/minで導入し、5時間の炭素被覆処理を行うことにより、炭素膜を形成した導電性粉末Cを316g得た。導電性粉末Cは、酸化珪素粒子に対する炭素被覆量が5.1質量%、ラマンスペクトルから測定した、ピーク強度比Id/Igが1.24、dバンドの半値幅Dhが75cm-1であった。またX線回折(Cu-Kα)の回折線の広がりを元に算出した酸化珪素に分散した珪素の結晶子の粒子径は11nmであった。導電性粉末Cのラマンスペクトルを図2に示す。
以下、得られた導電性粉末Cを負極活物質として用い、下記記載の電極作製、コイン型電池作製、及び電池評価、ガス発生評価を行った。結果は表1に記載した。
平均粒子径5μmの一般式SiOx(x=1.02)で表される酸化珪素粒子300gを加熱炉に仕込み、炉内を窒素置換した後、900℃まで昇温、保持した。次に、炭素原料としてのプロパンを3NL/minの流速で流入し、3000Paにて5時間の炭素被覆処理を行い、第1層の炭素膜を形成した。その後、プロパンの導入を停止し、再度100Paの減圧下とした後、1000℃まで昇温し、保持した。次いで、メタンガスを3NL/minの流速で導入し、3000Paにて2時間の炭素被覆処理を行い、第2層の炭素膜を形成することにより導電性粉末Dを318g得た。
導電性粉末Dは、酸化珪素粒子に対する炭素被覆量が5.6質量%、ラマンスペクトルから測定したピーク強度比Id/Igが0.88、dバンドのピーク半値幅Dhは137cm-1であった。またX線回折(Cu-Kα)の回折線の広がりを元に算出した酸化珪素に分散した珪素の結晶子の粒子径は5.5nmであった。
以下、得られた導電性粉末Dを負極活物質として用い、下記記載の電極作製、コイン型電池作製、及び電池評価、ガス発生評価を行った。結果は表1に記載した。
平均粒子径6μmの一般式SiOx(x=1.01)で表される酸化珪素粒子40gに水160gを混合したスラリーに、炭素原料としてスクロース8gを添加、溶解した。このスラリーを噴霧乾燥し、スクロースで被覆された酸化珪素粒子を得た。これを加熱炉内に仕込み、アルゴン雰囲気下、700℃まで昇温した後、10時間保持した。これにより、第1層の炭素膜を形成した。
第1層の炭素膜形成後、冷却することなく加熱炉内を100Pa以下の減圧とした後、1100℃まで昇温、保持した後、メタン、エタン混合ガス(92%、8%:質量%換算)を5NL/minで流入し、2000Paにて2時間の炭素被覆処理を行うことにより、導電性粉末Eを321g得た。
導電性粉末Eは、酸化珪素粒子に対する炭素被覆量が6.6質量%、ラマンスペクトルから測定したピーク強度比Id/Igが0.91、dバンドのピーク半値幅Dhが107cm-1であった。またX線回折(Cu-Kα)の回折線の広がりを元に算出した酸化珪素に分散した珪素の結晶子の粒子径は7.5nmであった。
以下、得られた導電性粉末Eを負極活物質として用い、下記記載の電極作製、コイン型電池作製、及び電池評価、ガス発生評価を行った。結果は表1に記載した。
平均粒子径6μmの一般式SiOx(x=1.01)で表される酸化珪素粒子300gを加熱炉に仕込み、炉内を100Pa以下の減圧にした後、1050℃まで昇温、保持した。次に、炭素原料としてメタン、エタン混合ガス(92%、8%:質量%換算)を5NL/minで導入し、2時間の炭素被覆処理を行うことにより、炭素膜を形成した導電性粉末Fを313g得た。これは、酸化珪素粒子に対する炭素被覆量が4.1質量%、ラマンスペクトルから測定されたピーク強度比Id/Igは1.12、dバンドのピーク半値幅Dhは82cm-1であった。またX線回折(Cu-Kα)の回折線の広がりを元に算出した酸化珪素に分散した珪素の結晶子の粒子径は6.5nmであった。
以下、得られた導電性粉末Fを負極活物質として用い、下記記載の電極作製、コインセル作製、及び電池評価、ガス発生評価を行った。結果は表1に記載した。
平均粒子径8μmの一般式SiOx(x=0.98)で表される酸化珪素粒子300gを加熱炉に仕込み、炉内を100Pa以下の減圧にした後、1200℃まで昇温、保持した。次に、炭素前駆体としてメタンガスを3NL/minで導入し、8時間の炭素被覆処理を行うことにより、炭素膜を形成した粉末Gを325g得た。これは、酸化珪素粒子に対する炭素被覆量が質量8.2%、ラマンスペクトルによるId/Igは1.15、dバンドの半値幅Dhは98cm-1であった。またX線回折(Cu-Kα)の回折線の広がりを元に算出した珪素結晶子の粒子径は12nmであった。
以下、得られた導電性粉末Hを負極活物質として用い、下記記載の電極作製、コイン型電池作製、及び電池評価、ガス発生評価を行った。結果は表1に記載した。
実施例、比較例で得た負極材90質量%とポリイミド(新日本理化製リカコートEN-20)10質量%(固形分換算)を混合し、さらにN-メチルピロリドンを加えてスラリーとした。このスラリーを厚さ11μmの銅箔の片面に塗布し、100℃で30分乾燥後、ローラープレスにより電極を加圧成形し、この電極を300℃で2時間真空乾燥した。その後、面積2cm2となるように円形カットし、負極とした。
さらに、コバルト酸リチウム94質量%とアセチレンブラック3質量%、ポリフッ化ビニリデン3質量%を混合し、さらにN-メチルピロリドンを加えてスラリーとし、このスラリーを厚さ16μmのアルミ箔に塗布した。このアルミ箔に塗布したスラリーを、100℃で1時間乾燥後、ローラープレスにより電極を加圧成形し、この電極を120℃で5時間真空乾燥した後、面積2cm2となるように円形カットし、正極とした。
作製した負極及び正極、LiPF6をエチレンカーボネート:ジエチルカーボネート=1:1(体積比)の混合溶液に1mol/Lの濃度となるよう溶解させた非水電解液、厚さ20μmのポリプロピレン製微多孔質フィルムのセパレータを用いて評価用コイン型リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
作製したコイン型リチウムイオン二次電池を一晩室温で放置した後、二次電池充放電試験装置((株)ナガノ製)を用いて充放電を行った。まずテストセルの電圧が4.2Vに達するまで0.5CmAの定電流で充電を行い、4.2Vに達した後は、セル電圧を4.2Vに保つように電流を減少させて充電を行い、電流値が0.1CmA相当まで充電を行った。放電は0.5CmA相当の定電流で行い、セル電圧が2.5Vに達した時点で放電を終了し、以上の操作によって初回充放電容量及び初回充放電効率を求めた。
さらに、以上の充放電試験を繰り返し、評価用リチウムイオン二次電池の100サイクル後の充放電試験を行った。評価結果は、初期からの放電維持率が85%以上のものをA、75以上85%未満のものをB、65以上75%未満のものをC、それ以下をDと評価した。
実施例1-4、比較例1-3にて作製した負極活物質粉末1.0gと、1M LiPF6のEC:DEC=1:1電解液1.0gを、露点-50℃以下のドライルーム内にて、ヘッドスペースガスクロマトグラフィー(GC:アジレント製6890N、ヘッドスペース:7697A)の専用バイアルに仕込み、封止した。
このバイアルを60℃にて1週間保管後、ヘッドスペースガスクロマトグラフィーにセットし、打ち込み量1mLにて測定を行った。そして、標準サンプルにて検量線を引き、換算した発生したガスの体積が2.0mL未満のものをA、2.0以上3.5mL未満のものをB、3.5以上5.0mL未満のものをC、5.0mL以上のものをDと評価した。
一方で、比較例1-3では、実施例1-4と比べて、サイクル特性に劣り、ガス発生量も多くなってしまうことが確認された。
このように、本発明で製造された非水電解質二次電池用負極材を使用した非水電解質二次電池であれば、サイクル特性に優れ、かつガス発生量が少ないものになることが確認された。
Claims (11)
- 珪素系活物質の粒子の表面が導電性炭素膜で被覆された導電性粉末を含む非水電解液二次電池用負極材であって、
前記導電性炭素膜のラマンスペクトルから測定されるdバンドのピーク半値幅が100cm-1以上であることを特徴とする非水電解質二次電池用負極材。 - 前記導電性炭素膜のラマンスペクトルから測定されるdバンドのピーク強度Idとgバンドのピーク強度Igのピーク強度比Id/Igが1.1以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極材。
- 前記珪素系活物質の粒子が、一般式SiOx(0.5≦x<1.6)で表される酸化珪素の粒子であることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極材。
- 前記珪素系活物質の粒子が、珪素の微結晶が珪素酸化物に分散した構造を有するものであり、前記珪素の微結晶の結晶子の粒子径が1~9nmであることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解液二次電池用負極材。
- 前記導電性炭素膜が2層構造を有するものであり、前記珪素系活物質の粒子の外周面と接している層を第1層の炭素膜、該第1層の炭素膜の外周面と接している層を第2層の炭素膜とし、前記第1層の炭素膜は、炭素数が3以上の炭素化合物が70質量%以上含まれている炭素原料から形成されたものであって、前記第2層の炭素膜は、炭素数が1~2の炭素化合物が70質量%以上含まれている炭素原料から形成されたものであることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極材。
- 正極活物質を含有する正極と、請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の負極材を含有する負極と、前記正極と前記負極の間に介在するセパレータと、非水溶媒と電解質塩とを有する非水電解質とを備えたものであることを特徴とした非水電解質二次電池。
- 珪素系活物質の粒子の表面を導電性炭素膜で被覆して導電性粉末とする被覆工程を有する非水電解液二次電池用負極材の製造方法であって、
前記被覆工程の後に、ラマンスペクトル法を用いて前記導電性粉末における前記導電性炭素膜のラマンスペクトルのdバンドのピーク半値幅を測定する測定工程と、該測定工程にて得られた前記dバンドのピーク半値幅が100cm-1以上である前記導電性粉末を選別して次工程に送る選別工程を有することを特徴とする非水電解質二次電池用負極材の製造方法。 - 前記測定工程において、更に、前記導電性粉末における前記導電性炭素膜のラマンスペクトルのdバンドのピーク強度Idとgバンドのピーク強度Igを測定し、前記選別工程において、ピーク強度比Id/Igが1.1以下である前記導電性粉末を選別して次工程に送ることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極材の製造方法。
- 前記珪素系活物質の粒子を、一般式SiOx(0.5≦x<1.6)で表される酸化珪素の粒子とすることを特徴とする請求項7又は請求項8に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極材の製造方法。
- 前記珪素系活物質の粒子を、珪素の微結晶が珪素酸化物に分散した構造を有し、前記珪素の微結晶の結晶子の粒子径が1~9nmであるものとすることを特徴とするに請求項7から請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極材の製造方法。
- 前記導電性炭素膜は、2層構造を有するものであり、前記珪素系活物質の粒子の外周面と接している層を第1層の炭素膜、該第1層の炭素膜の外周面と接している層を第2層の炭素膜とし、前記第1層の炭素膜は、炭素数が3以上の炭素化合物が70質量%以上含まれている炭素原料から形成し、前記第2層の炭素膜は、炭素数が1~2の炭素化合物が70質量%以上含まれている炭素原料から形成することを特徴とする請求項7から請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解液二次電池用負極材の製造方法。
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JP6301142B2 (ja) | 2018-03-28 |
EP3113261A1 (en) | 2017-01-04 |
KR20160114076A (ko) | 2016-10-04 |
CN106030871B (zh) | 2019-05-07 |
EP3113261B1 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
JP2015144101A (ja) | 2015-08-06 |
US20160336585A1 (en) | 2016-11-17 |
EP3113261A4 (en) | 2017-08-23 |
CN106030871A (zh) | 2016-10-12 |
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US10396348B2 (en) | 2019-08-27 |
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