WO2015087723A1 - 放射線イメージセンサ - Google Patents
放射線イメージセンサ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015087723A1 WO2015087723A1 PCT/JP2014/081635 JP2014081635W WO2015087723A1 WO 2015087723 A1 WO2015087723 A1 WO 2015087723A1 JP 2014081635 W JP2014081635 W JP 2014081635W WO 2015087723 A1 WO2015087723 A1 WO 2015087723A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- semiconductor substrate
- circuit board
- charge
- image sensor
- generation unit
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 106
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 24
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910004613 CdTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910004611 CdZnTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/148—Charge coupled imagers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14601—Structural or functional details thereof
- H01L27/14609—Pixel-elements with integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements
- H01L27/14612—Pixel-elements with integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements involving a transistor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14601—Structural or functional details thereof
- H01L27/14634—Assemblies, i.e. Hybrid structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14601—Structural or functional details thereof
- H01L27/14636—Interconnect structures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a radiation image sensor.
- Patent Document 1 describes an apparatus for obtaining a digital radiographic image.
- This apparatus is a direct conversion type that directly converts radiation into an electrical signal, and includes a charge storage capacitor and a charge transfer transistor that are disposed adjacent to the upper surface of the dielectric substrate.
- a solid-state imaging device for converting a radiographic image such as an X-ray image into electrical image data, after converting the radiation image into an optical image, the optical image is captured to obtain image data (indirect conversion method)
- the device is known.
- the solid-state imaging device there is a system (direct conversion system) that directly captures a radiation image and obtains image data.
- a solid material such as CdTe
- CdTe CdTe
- the capacitive element is, for example, a first layer made of a conductive material (such as metal or polysilicon) formed on a glass substrate, and an insulation made of an insulating material (such as SiO 2 ) formed on the first layer.
- the capacitive element having such a configuration has the following problems. The thinner the insulating film, the larger the capacitance value per unit area. However, when the insulating film is formed by CVD or the like, the insulating film needs to have a certain thickness in order to prevent a short circuit between the first layer and the second layer. It is difficult to increase the value.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a radiation image sensor that can easily increase a capacitance value per unit area of a capacitance portion.
- One aspect of the present invention is a radiation image sensor, comprising: a charge generation unit that absorbs radiation to generate charges; and a circuit board that accumulates and transfers charges generated in the charge generation unit.
- the circuit board includes a semiconductor substrate, a capacitor unit for accumulating charges generated in the charge generation unit, and one end connected to the capacitor unit and connected to the capacitor unit.
- a MOS transistor including the other end connected to the wiring for transferring the capacitor, and the capacitor portion is disposed on a partial region of the semiconductor substrate and on the partial region and generates a charge.
- a conductive layer electrically connected to the portion, and an insulating layer sandwiched between the partial region and the conductive layer.
- the capacitor portion that accumulates charges includes a partial region of the semiconductor substrate, a conductor layer disposed on the partial region, and between the partial region and the conductive layer. And an insulating layer sandwiched therebetween. That is, a partial region of the semiconductor substrate and the conductor layer are opposed to each other via the insulating layer, and a partial region of the semiconductor substrate functions as one electrode in the capacitor portion. For this reason, the following effects are acquired by this aspect.
- the insulating layer can be formed, for example, by oxidizing the surface of the semiconductor substrate.
- the insulating layer can be formed with high quality and thinness compared to a structure in which the insulating layer is formed by CVD or the like, the capacitance value per unit area in the capacitor portion can be increased. Therefore, it is possible to increase the amount of charge stored in the capacitor while suppressing an increase in the area of each pixel.
- An increase in the amount of charge stored in the capacitor portion leads to an increase in the amount of saturation charge in each pixel, which contributes to suppression of saturation. Therefore, even when a charge transfer transistor of a certain pixel does not operate for some reason, or when excessive charge is generated by the incidence of a large amount of radiation, the saturation of the capacitor portion of the pixel is suppressed, and the capacitance portion Failure and charge overflow can be reduced. Since the capacitor can be formed by a process similar to that of the insulating oxide film and gate electrode of the MOS transistor, the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- the conductor layer may be made of the same material as the constituent material of the gate electrode of the MOS transistor.
- the capacitor portion can be formed at the same time, so that the number of manufacturing steps can be further reduced.
- the capacitor portion further includes an impurity diffusion region in which an impurity having a conductivity type different from that of the semiconductor substrate is diffused, and the impurity diffusion region is adjacent to a partial region of the semiconductor substrate.
- the conductor layer may be electrically connected to each other.
- a pn junction is formed by the semiconductor substrate and the impurity diffusion region.
- the capacitance component contributes to an increase in the capacitance value of the capacitance portion. Therefore, it is possible to further increase the amount of charge stored in the capacitor while suppressing an increase in the area of each pixel.
- the bulk charge generation unit and the circuit board may be connected to each other by bump bonding.
- the charge generation unit may be configured by depositing a material that absorbs radiation and generates charge on the circuit board. In either case, the charge generation unit can be appropriately arranged on the circuit board.
- FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing a configuration of a radiation image sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a configuration of a circuit board provided in the radiation image sensor.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the internal configuration of the circuit board.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged top view showing a part of the circuit board.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged top view showing a part of the circuit board.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a VI-VI cross section of FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a VII-VII cross section of FIG.
- FIG. 8 is an enlarged top view showing a part of the circuit board according to the first modification.
- FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing a configuration of a radiation image sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a configuration of a circuit board provided in the radiation image sensor.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a radiation image sensor according to a second modification.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a radiation image sensor according to a second modification.
- FIG. 11 is an enlarged top view showing a part of a circuit board as a third modification.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a XII-XII cross section of FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing a configuration of a radiation image sensor 1A according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the configuration of the circuit board 3 provided in the radiation image sensor 1A.
- the radiation image sensor 1 ⁇ / b> A of this embodiment includes a base substrate 2, a circuit board 3 mounted on the base substrate 2, and a charge generation unit 4 disposed on the circuit board 3. It has.
- the charge generation unit 4 is a bulk member that absorbs radiation such as X-rays and generates a number of charges corresponding to the radiation dose.
- the charge generation unit 4 has a plate shape extending along the upper surface of the circuit board 3, and has a front surface 4a and a back surface 4b. A radiation image such as an X-ray image is incident on the surface 4a.
- the back surface 4 b faces the circuit board 3.
- the back surface 4b is electrically connected to the circuit board 3 by bump bonding (for example, flip chip bonding) using a plurality of bump electrodes 51.
- the charge generation unit 4 is made of a material containing at least one of CdTe, CdZnTe, GaAs, InP, TlBr, HgI 2 , PbI 2 , Si, Ge, and a-Se, for example.
- An electrode 52 is provided on the surface 4 a of the charge generation unit 4 so as to cover the entire surface 4 a, and one end of a bonding wire 41 a for applying a bias voltage is connected to the surface of the electrode 52.
- the circuit board 3 is a member that accumulates and transfers charges generated in the charge generation unit 4.
- the circuit board 3 is an integrated circuit such as an ASIC, for example, and is electrically connected to the base board 2 through bonding wires 41b.
- the circuit board 3 includes a plurality of pixel circuit portions 3 a arranged in a two-dimensional form of M rows ⁇ N columns (M and N are integers of 2 or more).
- the plurality of pixel circuit units 3a respectively configure a plurality of pixels of the radiation image sensor 1A.
- Each pixel circuit unit 3a includes a capacitor unit for storing the charge received from the charge generation unit 4, and a MOS transistor for outputting the stored charge from the capacitor unit.
- Each of the plurality of bump electrodes 51 described above is provided in a one-to-one correspondence with each of the plurality of pixel circuit units 3a, and is connected to a capacitor unit included in each pixel circuit unit 3a.
- the circuit board 3 further includes a vertical shift register unit 3b and a readout circuit unit 3c.
- the vertical shift register unit 3b is arranged side by side in the row direction with respect to the plurality of pixel circuit units 3a, and sequentially outputs the charges accumulated in the pixel circuit units 3a of each row for each row.
- the readout circuit unit 3c is arranged side by side in the column direction with respect to the plurality of pixel circuit units 3a.
- the readout circuit unit 3c includes a plurality of integration circuits provided corresponding to each column of the plurality of pixel circuit units 3a, and the plurality of integration circuits are output from the pixel circuit units 3a in the corresponding column. A voltage value corresponding to the amount of charge is generated.
- the read circuit unit 3c holds the voltage value output from each integrating circuit, and sequentially outputs the held voltage value.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the internal configuration of the circuit board 3.
- 4 ⁇ 4 pixel circuit units 3a are shown as a representative of (M ⁇ N) pixel circuit units 3a.
- Each of the pixel circuit units 3 a includes a capacitance unit (capacitor) 5 and a MOS transistor 7.
- the capacitor unit 5 accumulates the charge received from the charge generation unit 4.
- One electrode of the capacitor 5 is electrically connected to the connection pad 37 to which the bump electrode 51 (see FIG. 1) is connected and one end (for example, drain region) of the MOS transistor 7.
- the other electrode of the capacitor unit 5 is electrically connected to a ground potential line (GND line) 38.
- the other end (for example, the source region) of the MOS transistor 7 is a pixel circuit portion having the MOS transistor 7 among N data wirings (reading wirings) 34 provided for each column in order to transfer charges. It is connected to the data wiring 34 corresponding to the column to which 3a belongs. That is, the MOS transistor 7 includes the one end and the other end. One end of each of the N data wirings 34 is connected to each of the N integration circuits 42 included in the readout circuit unit 3c.
- the control terminal (gate terminal) of the MOS transistor 7 corresponds to the row to which the pixel circuit unit 3 a having the MOS transistor 7 belongs, among the M gate wirings (control wirings) 33 provided for each row. It is connected to the gate wiring 33.
- the M gate lines 33 are connected to the vertical shift register unit 3b.
- the vertical shift register unit 3b generates a row selection signal for controlling the conduction state / non-conduction state of the MOS transistor 7 for each row, and sequentially provides the row selection signal to the gate wiring 33 of each row. .
- the row selection signal output from the vertical shift register unit 3b to the gate line 33 is an insignificant value (the off voltage of the MOS transistor 7)
- the charge transmitted from the charge generation unit 4 is output to the data line 34. Without being accumulated in the capacitor unit 5.
- the row selection signal is a significant value (ON voltage of the MOS transistor 7)
- the MOS transistor 7 is turned on, and the charge accumulated in the capacitor unit 5 is output to the data line 34 through the MOS transistor 7. Is done.
- the charges output from the capacitor unit 5 are sent to the integration circuit 42 through the data wiring 34.
- the integration circuit 42 includes an amplifier 42a, a capacitive element 42b, and a discharge switch 42c, and has a so-called charge integration type configuration.
- the capacitive element 42b and the discharge switch 42c are connected in parallel to each other and are connected between the input terminal and the output terminal of the amplifier 42a.
- the input terminal of the amplifier 42 a is connected to the data line 34.
- a reset control signal RE is provided to the discharge switch 42c through the reset wiring 46.
- the reset control signal RE instructs the opening / closing operation of the discharge switch 42c of each of the N integration circuits 42.
- the discharge switch 42c is closed.
- the capacitive element 42b is discharged, and the output voltage value of the integrating circuit 42 is initialized.
- the reset control signal RE is a significant value (for example, low level)
- the discharge switch 42c is opened.
- the charge input to the integration circuit 42 is accumulated in the capacitive element 42b, and a voltage value corresponding to the accumulated charge amount is output from the integration circuit 42.
- the read circuit unit 3 c further includes N holding circuits 44.
- Each holding circuit 44 includes an input switch 44a, an output switch 44b, and a voltage holding unit 44c.
- One end of the voltage holding unit 44c is connected to the output terminal of the integrating circuit 42 through the input switch 44a.
- the other end of the voltage holding unit 44c is connected to the voltage output wiring 48 through the output switch 44b.
- a holding control signal Hd is given to the input switch 44 a through the holding wiring 45.
- the holding control signal Hd instructs the opening / closing operation of the input switch 44 a of each of the N holding circuits 44.
- a column selection signal is supplied from the horizontal shift register 49 to the output switch 44 b of the holding circuit 44.
- the column selection signal instructs the opening / closing operation of the output switch 44b of the holding circuit 44 of the corresponding column.
- the input switch 44a changes from the closed state to the open state.
- the voltage value input to the holding circuit 44 is held in the voltage holding unit 44c.
- the output switch 44b is sequentially closed.
- the voltage value held in the voltage holding unit 44c is sequentially output to the voltage output wiring 48 for each column.
- FIG. 4 to 7 are diagrams showing the detailed structure of the circuit board 3.
- FIG. 4 and 5 are enlarged top views showing a part of the circuit board 3.
- FIG. 5 shows a state in which the upper metal film (top metal) 36 included in each pixel circuit unit 3a is omitted.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a VI-VI cross section of FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a VII-VII cross section of FIG. 6 and 7 show the charge generation unit 4 and the bump electrode 51 together.
- the circuit board 3 of this embodiment includes a semiconductor substrate 10 and a wiring layer 20 disposed on the surface 10a of the semiconductor substrate 10.
- the semiconductor substrate 10 is made of, for example, Si, and its conductivity type is, for example, p-type.
- impurity diffusion regions 12a to 12d are formed for each pixel circuit portion 3a.
- an impurity having a conductivity type (for example, n-type) different from that of the semiconductor substrate 10 is diffused at a high concentration on the surface 10a of the semiconductor substrate 10.
- the wiring layer 20 has four wiring layers formed inside the insulating layer 21.
- the insulating layer 21 is made of, for example, silicon oxide (in one example, SiO 2 ) formed on the semiconductor substrate 10 by CVD or the like.
- silicon oxide in one example, SiO 2
- one gate electrode 32 and one conductor layer 31 are formed for each pixel circuit portion 3a.
- the gate electrode 32 is a gate electrode of the MOS transistor 7 and is disposed on a partial region of the semiconductor substrate 10 with the insulating oxide film 23 interposed therebetween. That is, the gate electrode 32 faces a part of the semiconductor substrate 10 with the insulating oxide film 23 interposed therebetween.
- the insulating oxide film 23 is formed, for example, by oxidizing the surface of the semiconductor substrate 10.
- the insulating oxide film 23 mainly contains SiO 2 .
- the impurity diffusion regions 12 a and 12 b described above are arranged with the partial region of the semiconductor substrate 10 interposed therebetween.
- the impurity diffusion regions 12 a and 12 b function as a drain region and a source region of the MOS transistor 7.
- the conductor layer 31 is disposed on another partial region 10 b of the semiconductor substrate 10.
- a part of the region 10b is present in the surface layer portion including the surface 10a of the semiconductor substrate 10 in the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate 10, and directly below the conductor layer 31 in a plane along the surface 10a of the semiconductor substrate 10. Including the region located at.
- Some of the regions 10 b may include a region around a region located immediately below the conductor layer 31.
- impurity diffusion regions 12c and 12d described later are not included in some of the regions 10b.
- An insulating layer 22 is sandwiched between the conductor layer 31 and a partial region 10 b of the semiconductor substrate 10.
- the conductor layer 31 is opposed to a partial region 10 b of the semiconductor substrate 10 with the insulating layer 22 interposed therebetween.
- the insulating layer 22 is formed by oxidizing the surface of the semiconductor substrate 10, for example, like the insulating oxide film 23. Therefore, when the semiconductor substrate 10 is a Si substrate, the insulating layer 22 mainly contains SiO 2 .
- the insulating layer 22 may be formed simultaneously with the insulating oxide film 23.
- the conductor layer 31 is made of the same material as that of the gate electrode 32 of the MOS transistor 7 and may be formed simultaneously with the gate electrode 32.
- the conductor layer 31, the insulating layer 22, and a partial region 10 b of the semiconductor substrate 10 constitute a capacitor portion 5, and charges are accumulated in the conductor layer 31.
- the capacitor unit 5 of this embodiment further includes the impurity diffusion regions 12c and 12d described above.
- the impurity diffusion regions 12c and 12d are disposed adjacent to the partial region 10b so as to sandwich the partial region 10b of the semiconductor substrate 10.
- the impurity diffusion regions 12c and 12d may be formed simultaneously with the impurity diffusion regions 12a and 12b of the MOS transistor 7.
- the impurity diffusion region 12c and the impurity diffusion region 12d are separated from each other.
- the wiring layer 20 is formed in a plurality of intra-layer wirings 24 formed in the second layer and the third layer, a gate wiring 33 formed in the third layer, and a fourth layer (uppermost layer). And a data wiring 34, a bias wiring 35, and an upper metal film (top metal) 36.
- the conductor layer 31 of the capacitor unit 5 is electrically connected to the upper metal film 36 through the intra-layer wiring 24 and the interlayer wiring 26.
- the conductor layer 31 is electrically connected to the impurity diffusion region 12 a that is the drain region of the MOS transistor 7 through the intra-layer wiring 24 and the interlayer wiring 26.
- the insulating layer 21 is removed by etching to form an opening.
- the surface of the metal film 36 exposed from the opening functions as a connection pad 37, and a bump electrode 51 is disposed on the connection pad 37.
- the conductor layer 31 is electrically connected to the charge generation unit 4 through the upper metal film 36 and the bump electrode 51.
- the impurity diffusion regions 12c and 12d are electrically connected to the bias wiring 35 through the intra-layer wiring 24 and an interlayer wiring (not shown). A constant voltage having a predetermined magnitude is always applied to the bias wiring 35.
- the gate electrode 32 of the MOS transistor 7 is electrically connected to the gate wiring 33 through the in-layer wiring 24 and an interlayer wiring (not shown).
- the impurity diffusion region 12b which is the source region of the MOS transistor 7 is electrically connected to the data wiring 34 through the intra-layer wiring 24 and an interlayer wiring (not shown).
- a plurality of impurity diffusion regions 14 are formed on the surface 10a of the semiconductor substrate 10 in addition to the impurity diffusion regions 12a to 12d.
- impurities giving the same conductivity type (for example, p-type) as the semiconductor substrate 10 are diffused at a high concentration on the surface 10 a of the semiconductor substrate 10.
- the plurality of impurity diffusion regions 14 have an elongated shape extending in the column direction, and are alternately arranged with the plurality of pixel circuit portions 3a in the row direction.
- each impurity diffusion region 14 is electrically connected to the bias wiring 35 through the intra-layer wiring 24 and the interlayer wiring (not shown).
- the capacitor unit 5 that accumulates charges includes a partial region 10b of the semiconductor substrate 10, a conductor layer 31 disposed on the partial region 10b, and the partial region 10b. And an insulating layer 22 sandwiched between the conductor layers 31. That is, a part of the region 10b of the semiconductor substrate 10 and the conductor layer 31 are opposed to each other with the insulating layer 22 interposed therebetween, and one of the pair of electrodes of the capacitor 5 is constituted by a part of the semiconductor substrate 10.
- the following effects are obtained by these.
- the insulating layer 22 can be formed by, for example, oxidation of the surface of the semiconductor substrate 10, the insulating layer 22 is formed with high quality and thinness compared to a configuration in which the insulating layer 22 is formed by CVD or the like. Can do. Accordingly, the capacitance value per unit area of the capacitor portion 5 can be increased. As a result, it is possible to increase the amount of charge stored in the capacitor unit 5 while suppressing an increase in the area required for one pixel circuit unit 3a.
- the conductor layer 31 is made of the same material as that of the gate electrode 32 of the MOS transistor 7. As a result, the capacitor portion 5 can be formed at the same time in the process of forming the MOS transistor 7, so that the number of manufacturing processes can be reduced.
- the conductor layer 31 may be made of a material different from that of the gate electrode 32 of the MOS transistor 7.
- the bulk charge generation unit 4 and the circuit board 3 are connected to each other by bump bonding such as flip chip bonding. Thereby, the charge generation part 4 can be appropriately arranged on the circuit board 3.
- the MOS transistor 7 is an nMOS type.
- the conductivity types of the semiconductor substrate 10 and the impurity diffusion regions 12a to 12d are not limited to this combination.
- the semiconductor substrate 10 may be n-type and the impurity diffusion regions 12a to 12d may be p-type.
- the MOS transistor 7 is a pMOS type.
- the impurity diffusion region 14 is preferably high-concentration n-type.
- FIG. 8 is an enlarged top view showing a part of the circuit board 3A according to the first modification of the above embodiment, and similarly to FIG. 5, the upper metal film (top metal) included in each pixel circuit unit 3a. ) Is omitted.
- the configuration of the circuit board 3A of the present modification is the same as the configuration of the circuit board 3 of the above embodiment except for the points described below.
- the impurity diffusion regions 12c and 12d are disposed adjacent to a partial region 10b (see FIG. 6) of the semiconductor substrate 10, a pn junction is formed by the impurity diffusion regions 12c and 12d and the semiconductor substrate 10. Yes.
- the impurity diffusion regions 12 c and 12 d are short-circuited with the conductor layer 31. In such a configuration, when the charge accumulation amount of the capacitor 5 exceeds a certain threshold value, the surplus charge flows between the conductor layer 31 and the semiconductor substrate 10 through the impurity diffusion regions 12c and 12d. Can be resolved.
- the pn junction portion between the semiconductor substrate 10 and the impurity diffusion regions 12c and 12d has a capacitance component.
- This capacitance component contributes to an increase in the capacitance value of the capacitance unit 5. Therefore, according to this modification, it is possible to further increase the amount of charge stored in the capacitor unit 5 while suppressing an increase in the area of each pixel circuit unit 3a.
- the pn junction portion between the partial region 10b and the impurity diffusion region 12c and the pn junction portion between the partial region 10b and the impurity diffusion region 12d are the thickness of the circuit board 3A.
- the conductive layer 31 is disposed at a position that does not overlap with each other and is separated from each other.
- these pn junction portions are not integrally formed so as to cover the lower portion of the conductor layer 31.
- the impurity diffusion regions 12 c and 12 d are not separated from the region immediately below the conductor layer 31.
- the pixel pitch increases.
- the gap between the bump electrodes 51 increases, so that the voltage required to transmit the charge generated in the charge generation unit 4 to the capacitor unit 5 through the bump electrode 51 increases.
- the impurity diffusion regions 12c and 12d are not separated from the region immediately below the conductor layer 31, the pixel area can be reduced, so that the pixel pitch can be reduced to increase the resolution. That is, when viewed from the thickness direction of the circuit board 3A, the edge of the conductor layer 31 and the edges of the impurity diffusion regions 12c and 12d substantially coincide with each other, whereby the effect of this modification can be obtained efficiently. .
- (Second modification) 9 and 10 are cross-sectional views showing a configuration of a radiation image sensor 1C according to a second modification of the above embodiment, and show cross sections corresponding to the VI-VI cross section and the VII-VII cross section of FIG. 5, respectively. ing.
- the difference between the radiation image sensor 1C of the present modification and the radiation image sensor 1A of the above embodiment is the connection configuration between the circuit board and the charge generation unit.
- no bump electrode is provided between the circuit board 3 and the charge generation unit 4A, and the circuit board 3 (especially the connection pad 37) and the charge generation unit. 4A is in direct contact.
- the charge generation unit 4A is different from the bulk type as in the above embodiment, and a material (for example, CdTe) that absorbs radiation and generates charge is deposited on the circuit board 3. It is configured.
- the charge generation unit 4A may be formed on the circuit board 3 by vapor deposition. Thereby, the charge generation part 4 can be appropriately arranged on the circuit board 3.
- FIG. 11 and 12 are diagrams showing a third modification of the embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is an enlarged top view showing a part of the circuit board 3B of the present modification.
- FIG. 11 shows a state in which the upper metal film 36 included in each pixel circuit unit 3a is omitted.
- 12 is a cross-sectional view showing the XII-XII cross section of FIG.
- FIG. 12 shows the charge generation unit 4 and the bump electrode 51 together.
- the circuit board 3B according to the present modification includes a second conductor layer 39a, a third conductor layer 39b, in addition to the configuration of the circuit board 3 according to the above embodiment. It has further.
- the second conductor layer 39 a is formed in the second layer of the wiring layer 20 and extends along the lower surface of the upper metal film 36.
- the second conductor layer 39 a is electrically connected to the conductor layer 31 and the upper metal film 36 through the interlayer wiring 26.
- the third conductor layer 39 b is formed in the third layer of the wiring layer 20, is disposed between the upper metal film 36 and the second conductor layer 39 a, and extends along the lower surface of the upper metal film 36. It extends.
- the third conductor layer 39 b is electrically connected to the bias wiring 35 through the interlayer wiring 26 and electrically connected to the impurity diffusion region 14 through the intra-layer wiring 24 and the interlayer wiring 26.
- the second conductor layer 39a and the third conductor layer 39b are opposed to each other with the insulating layer 21 therebetween, and the upper metal film 36 and the third conductor layer 39b are insulated.
- the layers 21 are opposed to each other. Accordingly, a capacitance component for accumulating electric charges is generated between the second conductor layer 39a and the third conductor layer 39b and between the upper metal film 36 and the third conductor layer 39b.
- the radiation image sensor according to the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, and various other modifications are possible.
- the Si substrate is exemplified as the semiconductor substrate in the above embodiment, substrates made of various semiconductor materials other than the Si substrate can be applied to the semiconductor substrate.
- the present invention can be used for a radiation image sensor.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)
- Transforming Light Signals Into Electric Signals (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図8は、上記実施形態の第1変形例に係る回路基板3Aの一部を拡大して示す上面図であって、図5と同様に、各画素回路部3aが有する上部金属膜(トップメタル)を省略した様子を示している。本変形例の回路基板3Aの構成は、以下に述べる点を除き、上記実施形態の回路基板3の構成と同様である。
図9及び図10は、上記実施形態の第2変形例に係る放射線イメージセンサ1Cの構成を示す断面図であって、図5のVI-VI断面及びVII-VII断面に相当する断面をそれぞれ示している。
図11及び図12は、上記実施形態の第3変形例を示す図である。図11は、本変形例の回路基板3Bの一部を拡大して示す上面図である。図11は、各画素回路部3aが有する上部金属膜36を省略した様子を示している。図12は、図11のXII-XII断面を示す断面図である。図12には、電荷発生部4及びバンプ電極51が併せて示されている。
Claims (5)
- 放射線イメージセンサであって、
放射線を吸収して電荷を発生する電荷発生部と、
前記電荷発生部において発生した電荷を蓄積し転送する回路基板と、を備え、 前記電荷発生部は、前記回路基板上に配置されており、
前記回路基板は、
半導体基板と、
前記電荷発生部において発生した電荷を蓄積する容量部と、
前記半導体基板上に配置され、前記容量部に接続されている一端と電荷を転送するための配線に接続されている他端とを含むMOS型トランジスタと、
を有し、
前記容量部は、前記半導体基板の一部の領域と、前記一部の領域上に配置されると共に前記電荷発生部と電気的に接続された導電体層と、前記一部の領域と前記導電体層とに挟まれている絶縁層と、を含む。 - 請求項1に記載の放射線イメージセンサであって、
前記導電体層が、前記MOS型トランジスタのゲート電極の構成材料と同一の材料から構成されている。 - 請求項1または2に記載の放射線イメージセンサであって、
前記容量部が、前記半導体基板とは異なる導電型を与える不純物が拡散されている不純物拡散領域を更に有し、当該不純物拡散領域は前記半導体基板の前記一部の領域に隣接し、
前記不純物拡散領域と前記導電体層とが互いに電気的に接続されている。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の放射線イメージセンサであって、
バルク状の前記電荷発生部と前記回路基板とがバンプボンディングにより互いに接続されている。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の放射線イメージセンサであって、
前記電荷発生部は、放射線を吸収して電荷を発生する材料が前記回路基板上に蒸着されて構成されている。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP14869920.0A EP3082164B1 (en) | 2013-12-09 | 2014-11-28 | Radiation image sensor |
ES14869920T ES2918798T3 (es) | 2013-12-09 | 2014-11-28 | Sensor de imágenes de radiación |
KR1020167016388A KR102309081B1 (ko) | 2013-12-09 | 2014-11-28 | 방사선 이미지 센서 |
CN201480067178.6A CN105981172B (zh) | 2013-12-09 | 2014-11-28 | 放射线影像传感器 |
US15/102,376 US9761631B2 (en) | 2013-12-09 | 2014-11-28 | Radiation image sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2013254263A JP6247918B2 (ja) | 2013-12-09 | 2013-12-09 | 放射線イメージセンサ |
JP2013-254263 | 2013-12-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2015087723A1 true WO2015087723A1 (ja) | 2015-06-18 |
Family
ID=53371034
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2014/081635 WO2015087723A1 (ja) | 2013-12-09 | 2014-11-28 | 放射線イメージセンサ |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9761631B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3082164B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6247918B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102309081B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN105981172B (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2918798T3 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI648847B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2015087723A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3143430B1 (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2018-01-10 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Sensor device and imaging system for detecting radiation signals |
WO2018097025A1 (ja) | 2016-11-25 | 2018-05-31 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | フォトン検出器 |
JP6899344B2 (ja) | 2018-02-22 | 2021-07-07 | 株式会社東芝 | 放射線検出器 |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH06342098A (ja) | 1992-12-16 | 1994-12-13 | E I Du Pont De Nemours & Co | ソリッド・ステート・デバイスを用いたx線イメージ捕獲エレメントおよび方法 |
JPH07130951A (ja) * | 1993-10-29 | 1995-05-19 | Toshiba Corp | 半導体集積回路装置 |
JP2000353808A (ja) * | 1999-04-07 | 2000-12-19 | Sharp Corp | アクティブマトリクス基板およびその製造方法、並びにフラットパネル型イメージセンサ |
JP2003004857A (ja) * | 2001-06-25 | 2003-01-08 | Canon Inc | 放射線検出装置及びそれを用いた放射線撮影システム |
JP2003240861A (ja) * | 2002-02-20 | 2003-08-27 | Canon Inc | 放射線検出素子、放射線撮像装置及び放射線検出方法 |
JP2004055590A (ja) * | 2002-07-16 | 2004-02-19 | Sony Corp | 固体撮像素子 |
JP2009246014A (ja) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-22 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 半導体装置の製造方法及び半導体装置 |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH02208974A (ja) * | 1989-02-09 | 1990-08-20 | Hitachi Ltd | 固体撮像装置 |
CA2242743C (en) * | 1998-07-08 | 2002-12-17 | Ftni Inc. | Direct conversion digital x-ray detector with inherent high voltage protection for static and dynamic imaging |
DE60045404D1 (de) * | 1999-07-30 | 2011-02-03 | Canon Kk | Strahlungsbildaufnahmeapparatus |
JP2003133538A (ja) * | 2001-10-26 | 2003-05-09 | Nippon Hoso Kyokai <Nhk> | 半導体装置およびその製造方法 |
JP3913070B2 (ja) * | 2002-02-04 | 2007-05-09 | 新電元工業株式会社 | X線光電変換器 |
KR101105617B1 (ko) * | 2004-02-27 | 2012-01-18 | 고쿠리츠다이가쿠호진 도호쿠다이가쿠 | 고체 촬상 장치, 라인 센서, 광 센서 및 고체 촬상 장치의동작 방법 |
JP2007228460A (ja) | 2006-02-27 | 2007-09-06 | Mitsumasa Koyanagi | 集積センサを搭載した積層型半導体装置 |
US20090201400A1 (en) * | 2008-02-08 | 2009-08-13 | Omnivision Technologies, Inc. | Backside illuminated image sensor with global shutter and storage capacitor |
JP5155696B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-05 | 2013-03-06 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 撮像素子 |
JP5337395B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-28 | 2013-11-06 | セミコンダクター・コンポーネンツ・インダストリーズ・リミテッド・ライアビリティ・カンパニー | ノイズフィルタ及びノイズフィルタ内蔵アンプ回路 |
JP4835710B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-17 | 2011-12-14 | ソニー株式会社 | 固体撮像装置、固体撮像装置の製造方法、固体撮像装置の駆動方法、及び電子機器 |
CN105453269B (zh) * | 2013-08-07 | 2019-04-05 | 夏普株式会社 | X射线图像传感器用基板 |
KR101334213B1 (ko) * | 2013-09-02 | 2013-11-29 | (주)실리콘화일 | 칩 적층 이미지 센서 |
-
2013
- 2013-12-09 JP JP2013254263A patent/JP6247918B2/ja active Active
-
2014
- 2014-11-28 KR KR1020167016388A patent/KR102309081B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2014-11-28 US US15/102,376 patent/US9761631B2/en active Active
- 2014-11-28 ES ES14869920T patent/ES2918798T3/es active Active
- 2014-11-28 CN CN201480067178.6A patent/CN105981172B/zh active Active
- 2014-11-28 WO PCT/JP2014/081635 patent/WO2015087723A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2014-11-28 EP EP14869920.0A patent/EP3082164B1/en active Active
- 2014-12-04 TW TW103142230A patent/TWI648847B/zh active
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH06342098A (ja) | 1992-12-16 | 1994-12-13 | E I Du Pont De Nemours & Co | ソリッド・ステート・デバイスを用いたx線イメージ捕獲エレメントおよび方法 |
JPH07130951A (ja) * | 1993-10-29 | 1995-05-19 | Toshiba Corp | 半導体集積回路装置 |
JP2000353808A (ja) * | 1999-04-07 | 2000-12-19 | Sharp Corp | アクティブマトリクス基板およびその製造方法、並びにフラットパネル型イメージセンサ |
JP2003004857A (ja) * | 2001-06-25 | 2003-01-08 | Canon Inc | 放射線検出装置及びそれを用いた放射線撮影システム |
JP2003240861A (ja) * | 2002-02-20 | 2003-08-27 | Canon Inc | 放射線検出素子、放射線撮像装置及び放射線検出方法 |
JP2004055590A (ja) * | 2002-07-16 | 2004-02-19 | Sony Corp | 固体撮像素子 |
JP2009246014A (ja) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-22 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 半導体装置の製造方法及び半導体装置 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
L.S.JEROMIN ET AL.: "Application of a-Si Active- Matrix Technology in a X-Ray Detector Panel", 1997 SID INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, May 1997 (1997-05-01), pages 91 - 94, XP000722665 * |
See also references of EP3082164A4 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20160315108A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
EP3082164B1 (en) | 2022-06-01 |
JP2015115357A (ja) | 2015-06-22 |
JP6247918B2 (ja) | 2017-12-13 |
EP3082164A1 (en) | 2016-10-19 |
TW201528491A (zh) | 2015-07-16 |
ES2918798T3 (es) | 2022-07-20 |
KR20160096623A (ko) | 2016-08-16 |
CN105981172B (zh) | 2020-02-21 |
EP3082164A4 (en) | 2017-07-19 |
TWI648847B (zh) | 2019-01-21 |
US9761631B2 (en) | 2017-09-12 |
KR102309081B1 (ko) | 2021-10-06 |
CN105981172A (zh) | 2016-09-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP4725095B2 (ja) | 裏面入射型固体撮像装置及びその製造方法 | |
US8530820B2 (en) | Solid-state imaging device with overflow drain region and contact thereto in different stacked substrates | |
US7564079B2 (en) | Solid state imager device with leakage current inhibiting region | |
US7456453B2 (en) | Solid-state image sensing device | |
WO2015016140A1 (ja) | 撮像素子、電子機器、および撮像素子の製造方法 | |
US8427568B2 (en) | Solid-state image pickup device, method for manufacturing the same, and electronic apparatus | |
JP7279768B2 (ja) | 固体撮像素子、および電子装置 | |
JP6399488B2 (ja) | 撮像装置および画像取得装置 | |
US20110241080A1 (en) | Solid-state imaging device, method for manufacturing the same, and electronic apparatus | |
WO2015087723A1 (ja) | 放射線イメージセンサ | |
US20220028916A1 (en) | Imaging device | |
JP6813971B2 (ja) | 光電変換装置及び撮像システム | |
WO2017002730A1 (ja) | 固体撮像装置 | |
US20230026792A1 (en) | Image sensing device | |
JP5487734B2 (ja) | 固体撮像素子 | |
JP4951212B2 (ja) | 撮像素子 | |
JP2014211383A (ja) | 放射線検出器 | |
JP2021027156A (ja) | 固体撮像素子および撮像装置 | |
TW201030959A (en) | Solid-state imaging device, imaging apparatus, and manufacturing method of solid-state imaging device | |
JP2010205963A (ja) | 固体撮像装置及びその製造方法 | |
JP2007142040A (ja) | 固体撮像素子 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 14869920 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 15102376 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2014869920 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2014869920 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20167016388 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |