WO2015079836A1 - 工作機械及び切削方法 - Google Patents
工作機械及び切削方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015079836A1 WO2015079836A1 PCT/JP2014/078170 JP2014078170W WO2015079836A1 WO 2015079836 A1 WO2015079836 A1 WO 2015079836A1 JP 2014078170 W JP2014078170 W JP 2014078170W WO 2015079836 A1 WO2015079836 A1 WO 2015079836A1
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- workpiece
- cutting
- tool
- shaft
- inclined surface
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B1/00—Methods for turning or working essentially requiring the use of turning-machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B5/00—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
- B23B5/36—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for turning specially-shaped surfaces by making use of relative movement of the tool and work produced by geometrical mechanisms, i.e. forming-lathes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B5/00—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
- B23B5/36—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for turning specially-shaped surfaces by making use of relative movement of the tool and work produced by geometrical mechanisms, i.e. forming-lathes
- B23B5/38—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for turning specially-shaped surfaces by making use of relative movement of the tool and work produced by geometrical mechanisms, i.e. forming-lathes for turning conical surfaces inside or outside, e.g. taper pins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B7/00—Automatic or semi-automatic turning-machines with a single working-spindle, e.g. controlled by cams; Equipment therefor; Features common to automatic and semi-automatic turning-machines with one or more working-spindles
- B23B7/02—Automatic or semi-automatic machines for turning of stock
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B7/00—Automatic or semi-automatic turning-machines with a single working-spindle, e.g. controlled by cams; Equipment therefor; Features common to automatic and semi-automatic turning-machines with one or more working-spindles
- B23B7/12—Automatic or semi-automatic machines for turning of workpieces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2270/00—Details of turning, boring or drilling machines, processes or tools not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B29/00—Holders for non-rotary cutting tools; Boring bars or boring heads; Accessories for tool holders
- B23B29/04—Tool holders for a single cutting tool
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B3/00—General-purpose turning-machines or devices, e.g. centre lathes with feed rod and lead screw; Sets of turning-machines
- B23B3/06—Turning-machines or devices characterised only by the special arrangement of constructional units
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a machine tool and a cutting method for cutting a workpiece having an inclined surface or a curved surface.
- a lathe which is one of machine tools, holds a workpiece to be processed on a rotating shaft (spindle), and performs cutting with a processing tool such as a cutting tool while rotating the workpiece (see Patent Document 1).
- a processing tool such as a cutting tool
- the cutting is performed by moving the processing tool in the direction of the rotation axis while defining a cutting amount according to the inclination of the inclined surface.
- it is obtained by, for example, pre-processing with a lathe and then grinding and finishing the inclined surface with an angular grindstone or the like. The surface roughness is obtained.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool and a cutting method that can perform the above-described process.
- a machine tool for cutting a workpiece having an inclined surface or a curved surface wherein a cutting tool having a spindle that holds and rotates the workpiece, and a linear cutting blade that cuts the workpiece, is parallel to the axis of the spindle.
- the direction of the workpiece, the X direction perpendicular to the Z direction and defining the cutting amount for the workpiece, and the Y direction perpendicular to the Z direction and the X direction or the direction around the axis parallel to the Z direction In the state where the direction of the cutting edge of the cutting tool and the cutting tool is inclined with respect to the Z direction when viewed from the X direction, the moving device is inclined with respect to the Z direction when viewed from the Y direction.
- a tool placement unit corresponding to the curved surface.
- a tool post for holding the cutting tool may be provided, and the moving device may move the cutting tool in the Z direction, the X direction, and the Y direction via the tool post.
- the tool placement unit may be formed between the tool post and the cutting tool.
- the tool placement unit may have an angle setting mechanism that sets the angle of the cutting edge with respect to the Z direction when viewed from the Y direction.
- the angle setting mechanism may include a shaft having a rotation axis along the Y direction, and a holder formed on a part of the shaft and holding a cutting tool.
- a lock sleeve may be provided that is press-fitted between the holder and the shaft to maintain the rotational position of the shaft.
- the present invention is a method for cutting a workpiece having an inclined surface or a curved surface, wherein a step of rotating the workpiece and a cutting tool having a linear cutting edge for cutting the workpiece are parallel to the axis of the rotation axis of the workpiece.
- a step of cutting the workpiece by moving it relative to the workpiece in a direction obtained by synthesizing the Y direction or the direction around the axis parallel to the Z direction perpendicular to each other.
- a cutting tool having a linear cutting edge with respect to a rotating workpiece is relatively positioned in a direction in which the Z direction, the X direction, and the Y direction or a direction around an axis parallel to the Z direction are combined.
- the cutting tool is inclined with respect to the Z direction when viewed from the Y direction to correspond to the inclined or curved surface of the workpiece.
- the cutting tool can be moved stably in the Z direction, etc. Can be made.
- the tool placement portion is formed between the tool post and the cutting tool, the direction of the cutting edge of the cutting tool can be easily made to correspond to the inclined surface of the workpiece.
- the tool placement unit has an angle setting mechanism that sets the angle of the cutting edge with respect to the Z direction when viewed from the Y direction, the direction of the cutting edge of the cutting tool can be easily set to an angle corresponding to the inclined surface of the workpiece. Can do.
- the angle setting mechanism includes a shaft having a rotation axis along the Y direction and a holder that is formed on a part of the shaft and holds a cutting tool
- the holder rotates as the shaft rotates.
- the direction of the cutting edge can be accurately changed.
- the direction of the cutting edge of the cutting tool can be reliably fixed.
- the direction of the cutting edge of the cutting tool can be finely adjusted by adjusting the rotational position of the shaft.
- the direction of the cutting edge of the cutting tool can be moved according to the inclination of the inclined surface of the workpiece, etc.
- the angle can be easily adjusted, and the cutting of the curved surface can be handled by changing the angle of the blade edge while moving the cutting tool in the Z direction.
- the cutting tool is inclined with respect to the Z direction so as to correspond to the inclined surface or curved surface of the workpiece, so that the inclined surface or curved surface of the workpiece can be cut easily and with high surface roughness. Can do.
- FIG. 1 An example of the principal part of the machine tool which concerns on 1st Embodiment is shown, (a) is a side view, (b) is a front view. The part corresponding to a workpiece
- the X axis is a direction that is orthogonal to the Z direction and that defines a cutting amount for the workpiece.
- the direction of the arrow in the figure is the + direction
- the direction opposite to the arrow direction is the ⁇ direction.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a main part of a machine tool 100 according to the first embodiment, where (a) is a side view and (b) is a front view.
- a machine tool 100 shown in FIG. 1 is a lathe.
- the + Y side of the machine tool 100 is the front surface
- the ⁇ Y side is the back surface.
- the ⁇ Z side of the machine tool 100 is a side surface
- the Z direction is the left-right direction of the machine tool 100.
- the machine tool 100 has a base 1.
- the base 1 is provided with a headstock 2 and a tailstock 4.
- the headstock 2 supports the spindle 7 in a rotatable state by a bearing (not shown) or the like.
- the headstock 2 is fixed to the base 1 but may be formed so as to be movable in the Z direction, the X direction, the Y direction, and the like, and may be moved by driving a motor or the like.
- a chuck driving unit 9 is provided at the end of the main shaft 7 on the + Z side. The chuck drive unit 9 holds the workpiece W by moving the plurality of grasping claws 9 a in the radial direction of the main shaft 7. In FIG.
- the workpiece W is gripped using three gripping claws 9 a arranged at equal intervals around the rotation axis of the main shaft 7.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the number and shape of the gripping claws 9 a are An arbitrary configuration capable of holding W is used.
- the end on the ⁇ Z side of the spindle 7 protrudes from the headstock 2 in the ⁇ Z direction, and a pulley 11 is attached to this end.
- a belt 13 is stretched between the pulley 11 and the rotating shaft of the motor 12 provided on the base 1.
- the motor 12 is driven by a control unit (not shown).
- a motor having a torque control mechanism is used as the motor 12.
- the main shaft 7 is not limited to being driven by the motor 12 and the belt 13, and may be one that transmits the drive of the motor 12 to the main shaft 7 by a gear train or the like, or one that rotates the main shaft 7 directly by the motor 12. .
- the tailstock 4 is formed to be movable along the Z-direction guide 3 installed on the base 1.
- the tailstock 4 supports the opposed shaft 8 in a rotatable state by a bearing (not shown) or the like.
- the direction of the rotation axis of the main shaft 7 and the direction of the rotation axis of the opposed shaft 8 are aligned with the Z direction.
- a center 10 is attached to the ⁇ Z side end of the tailstock 4.
- the workpiece W held by the grasping claw 9a has a tapered inclined surface Wa in a part of a cylindrical shape.
- the diameter of the inclined surface Wa gradually decreases from the main shaft 7 side toward the opposing shaft 8 side.
- the workpiece W is not limited to the one shown in FIG. 1.
- the workpiece W may have a larger inclination angle than the workpiece W in FIG.
- the workpiece W may be a workpiece whose slope gradually increases in diameter from the main shaft 7 toward the opposing shaft 8 side.
- the workpiece W may have a plurality of inclined surfaces Wa.
- the workpiece W may have a different inclination angle in the middle of the inclined surface Wa.
- the base 1 is provided with a Z direction guide 5 arranged in the Z direction. Further, at the ⁇ X position of the Z direction guide 5, similarly to the Z direction guide 5, a Z direction guide 5 A arranged in the Z direction is provided.
- Each of the Z-direction guides 5 and 5A is provided with Z-axis slides 17 and 17A that can move in the Z-direction along the Z-direction guides 5 and 5A.
- the Z-axis slide 17 is moved in the Z direction by driving of a Z-direction drive system (moving device) M1, and is held at a predetermined position. For example, an electric motor or hydraulic pressure is used for the Z-direction drive system M1.
- the Z-axis slide 17A has a drive system similar to the Z-direction drive system M1 described above, and is moved in the Z direction and held at a predetermined position by the drive of the drive system.
- the drive system for the Z-axis slide 17A may have the same configuration as the Z-direction drive system M1, or may have a different configuration.
- the Z-axis slides 17 and 17A may constitute a common Z-direction drive system M1, and either one or both of the Z-axis slides 17 and 17A may be driven.
- X-direction guides 18 and 18A are formed on the Z-axis slides 17 and 17A, respectively.
- the Z-axis slides 17 and 17A are provided with X-axis slides 15 and 15A that can move along the X-direction guides 18 and 18A, respectively.
- the X-axis slide 15 moves in the X direction by being driven by an X-direction drive system (moving device) M2, and is held at a predetermined position.
- an electric motor or hydraulic pressure is used for the X-direction drive system M2.
- the X-axis slide 15A has a drive system similar to the X-direction drive system M2 described above, and is moved in the X direction and held at a predetermined position by the drive of the drive system.
- the drive system for the X-axis slide 15A may have the same configuration as the X-direction drive system M2, or may have a different configuration.
- the Y-direction guides 16 and 16A are formed on the X-axis slides 15 and 15A, respectively.
- the X-axis slides 15 and 15A are provided with tool post driving units 21 and 21A that can move along the Y-direction guides 16 and 16A, respectively.
- the tool post driving unit 21 is moved in the Y direction by driving of a Y direction driving system (moving device) M3 and is held at a predetermined position.
- a Y direction driving system moving device
- an electric motor or hydraulic pressure is used for the Y-direction drive system M3.
- the tool post driving unit 21A has a drive system similar to the Y-direction drive system M3 described above, and is moved in the Y direction by the drive of the drive system and held at a predetermined position.
- the drive system of the tool post drive unit 21A may have the same configuration as the Y-direction drive system M3, or may have a different configuration.
- Each of the tool post driving units 21 and 21A accommodates a rotary driving device such as a motor.
- a first turret (tool post) 23 is attached to the tool post driving unit 21.
- the first turret 23 is rotatable about the Z direction as driven by a rotary drive device.
- a second turret (tool post) 23A is attached to the tool post driving unit 21A.
- the second turret 23A is rotatable about the Z direction as driven by a rotary drive device.
- the first turret 23 is disposed above the workpiece W (+ X side), and the second turret 23A is disposed below the workpiece W ( ⁇ X side).
- a plurality of holding portions for holding the cutting tool T are provided on the peripheral surfaces of the first and second turrets 23 and 23A.
- the cutting tool T is held on all or part of these holding portions. Therefore, the desired cutting tool T is selected by rotating the first and second turrets 23 and 23A.
- the cutting tool T held by the holding portions of the first and second turrets 23 and 23A can be exchanged for each holding base.
- a rotating tool such as a drill or an end mill may be used in addition to a cutting tool for cutting the workpiece W.
- a rotary tool such as a drill is used by being attached to a rotary shaft of a small motor housed in a holding unit.
- tool holding bases 24 and 24A are formed in one of a plurality of holding portions.
- the tool holders 24 and 24A may have the same configuration or different configurations. Further, the tool holding base 24A may not be provided in the second turret 23A.
- the cutting tool T1 which can respond to the inclined surface Wa of the workpiece W is attached to the tool holder 24. That is, the cutting tool T ⁇ b> 1 is held on the first turret 23 via the tool holding base 24.
- a cutting tool T is attached to the tool holder 24A. That is, the cutting tool T is held by the second turret 23A via the tool holding base 24A.
- the cutting tool T attached to the tool holder 24A may be the same as or different from the cutting tool T1 attached to the tool holder 24.
- the cutting tools T and T1 are arranged on the ⁇ X side with respect to the workpiece W so as to sandwich the workpiece W, but either one may be used. Moreover, although the cutting tools T and T1 are arrange
- the first and second turrets 23 and 23A are used as the tool post, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a comb-like tool post may be used.
- the comb-like tool post holds the cutting tool T in each of the plurality of comb teeth portions, and selects any one of the plurality of cutting tools T by moving in the direction in which the comb teeth are arranged.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part including the main shaft 7 and the first turret 23 as a part corresponding to the workpiece W, (a) is a perspective view, and (b) is a front view.
- a tool holding base 24 is attached to the ⁇ X side surface 23 a of the first turret 23.
- the tool holding base 24 moves in the Z direction and the X direction integrally with the first turret 23 by the Z direction driving system M1 and the X direction driving system M2.
- the tool holder 24 is moved in the Y direction by the Y-direction drive system M3.
- the tool holder 24 is provided so as to be movable in the Z direction, the X direction, and the Y direction with respect to the workpiece W by the Z direction drive system M1, the X direction drive system M2, and the Y direction drive system M3. .
- the cutting tool T1 (T) includes the Z-axis slide 17 (17A), the tool post driving unit 21 (21A), and the tool holding base 24 (24A), respectively, a Z-direction driving system M1, an X-direction driving system M2, By being driven by the Y direction drive system M3, the workpiece W can be moved in a direction in which all or part of the Z direction, the X direction, and the Y direction are combined.
- FIG. 3A and 3B show an example of the tool holder 24, where FIG. 3A is a front view (viewed from the Y direction), and FIG. 3B is a view viewed from the Q direction of FIG.
- the tool holder 24 has a tool placement surface 24f on which the cutting tool T1 is placed.
- the tool placement surface 24f is formed to be inclined with respect to the surface 23a (YZ plane) of the first turret 23 and is directed to the main shaft 7 side.
- the cutting tool T1 is held on the tool holding base 24 via an angle setting mechanism (tool placement unit) 19.
- the cutting tool T1 has a straight blade (straight cutting blade).
- the direction of the cutting edge Ta of this linear cutting blade is inclined with respect to the Z direction when viewed from the Y direction, as shown in FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 3B, the direction of the cutting edge Ta when viewed from the Q direction is also inclined. Therefore, the direction of the blade edge Ta when viewed from the X direction is also inclined with respect to the Z direction.
- FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 3A
- FIG. 4B is taken along line BB in FIG.
- Sectional view (c) is a sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG. 3 (b).
- the tool holding base 24 is formed with a through hole 24h in a direction parallel to the Y direction.
- a support shaft (shaft) 25 is disposed inside the through hole 24h.
- the support shaft 25 is formed in a columnar shape or a cylindrical shape.
- the diameter of the through hole 24h is larger than the diameter of the support shaft 25, and a gap is formed between the support shaft 25 and the inner wall of the through hole 24h.
- the support shaft 25 is provided so as to be rotatable in the direction around the axis of the rotation axis AX1 parallel to the Y direction with respect to the through hole 24h.
- the diameter of the through hole 24h is enlarged at both ends of the tool holding base 24 in the Y direction.
- the lock sleeve 26 is press-fitted into this portion.
- the lock sleeve 26 is attached to the tool holding base 24 at two locations on the + Y side surface and the ⁇ Y side surface.
- the lock sleeve 26 includes a press-fit portion 26a, a flange portion 26b, and a bolt 26c.
- the press-fit portion 26a is press-fitted between the inner wall of the through hole 24h and the support shaft 25.
- the press-fit portion 26a restricts the rotation of the support shaft 25.
- the flange portion 26b is disposed along the + Y side surface and the ⁇ Y side surface of the tool holding base 24.
- the flange portion 26b is fixed to the tool holding base 24 via a bolt 26c.
- the lock sleeve 26 keeps the rotational position of the support shaft 25.
- a holder mounting portion 25 a is provided on a part of the outer periphery of the support shaft 25.
- the holder mounting portion 25a is formed to protrude from the peripheral surface of the support shaft 25 toward the tool placement surface 24f.
- an opening 24g is formed in the tool placement surface 24f, and the holder attachment portion 25a protrudes outside from the opening 24g.
- a holder 27 is attached to the holder attaching portion 25a.
- the holder 27 has a plurality of bolt holes 27a, for example, and is fastened to the holder mounting portion 25a of the support shaft 25 via a fixing member such as a bolt 27b.
- the holder 27 holds the cutting tool T1.
- the cutting tool T1 is fixed to the holder 27 via a fastening member 27c. 3 and FIG. 4, for example, a throw-away tip is used in which the cutting tool 27c can be replaced by the fastening member 27c, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- a cutting tool in which the cutting edge is integrated with the holder 27 may be used. In this case, the cutting tool can be replaced with respect to the holder mounting portion 25a.
- the support shaft 25, the lock sleeve 26, and the holder 27 constitute an angle setting mechanism 19 that sets an angle with respect to the Z direction when the direction of the cutting edge Ta of the cutting tool T is viewed from the Y direction.
- the angle setting mechanism 19 is formed between the first turret 23 and the cutting tool T1.
- the support shaft 25 is not limited to the configuration provided on the tool holding base 24, and may be provided in the first turret 23 or sandwiched between the first turret 23 and the tool holding base 24, for example. You may arrange
- a predetermined gap is formed between the opening 24g of the tool holder 24 and the holder mounting portion 25a of the support shaft 25 as shown in FIG. For this reason, when the support shaft 25 is rotated, the holder mounting portion 25a can be rotated about the rotation axis AX1 by the amount of the gap.
- the cutting tool T1 can be rotated by the rotation of the holder mounting portion 25a, whereby the angle in the direction of the blade edge Ta viewed from the Y direction can be set with respect to the Z direction.
- the tool holding base 24 is provided with a pull bolt 28 and a push bolt 29 as an adjusting mechanism.
- the pull bolt 28 and the push bolt 29 are respectively inserted into the inside from the surface of the tool holding base 24, and the tip portions thereof are connected to the holder mounting portions 25a, respectively.
- the front end of the pull bolt 28 is screw-coupled to the holder mounting portion 25a.
- the push bolt 29 is screwed to a nut fixed to the tool holding base 24 and has a tip contacting the holder mounting portion 25a.
- the holder mounting portion 25a is pushed away to finely adjust the angle of the blade edge Ta.
- the number and arrangement of the pull bolts 28 and push bolts 29 are not limited to the above-described configuration. Moreover, it is not limited to using the pull bolt 28 and the push bolt 29 as an adjustment mechanism, The other adjustment mechanism which can finely adjust the angle of the blade edge
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation of the machine tool 100.
- the workpiece W to be processed is held on the spindle 7.
- a workpiece transfer device (not shown) takes the workpiece W to be processed to the load position, transfers the workpiece W to the spindle 7, and holds the end of the workpiece W by the grasping claw 9a. If the workpiece W is long, the other end of the workpiece W may be gripped by the center 10 of the opposed shaft 8.
- a series of operations from the transfer of the workpiece W by the workpiece transfer device to the holding of the workpiece W by driving the grasping claw 9a may be performed by an instruction from a control unit (not shown), for example. It may be performed by manual operation.
- the workpiece 12 is rotated by driving the motor 12 and rotating the spindle 7 (step S01).
- the main shaft 7 and the opposed shaft 8 are rotated in synchronization.
- work W is suitably set according to a process.
- the cutting tool T1 is selected and the angle of the cutting edge Ta is set.
- the first turret 23 (23A) is rotated to select the cutting tool T1.
- the inclination of the cutting tool T1 is set so that the cutting edge Ta of the cutting tool T1 corresponds to the inclined surface Wa of the workpiece W (step S02).
- the selection of the cutting tool T1 and the setting of the angle of the cutting edge Ta may be performed prior to the rotation of the workpiece W.
- the inclination of the cutting tool T1 is set by the following procedure using the angle setting mechanism 19.
- the rotational position of the support shaft 25 is fixed by tightening the bolts 26c of the lock sleeve 26 after determining the rotational position of the support shaft 25 so that the direction (tilt) of the blade edge Ta is in a desired direction.
- the direction of the blade edge Ta is set to a desired inclination.
- the XYZ coordinate position where the cutting edge Ta of the cutting tool T1 moves is the movement of the Z-axis slide 17 in the Z direction, the movement of the tool post driving unit 21 in the X direction, and the movement of the tool holder 24 in the Y direction. It is set by movement and is performed by driving the Z direction drive system M1, the X direction drive system M2, and the Y direction drive system M3, respectively. Note that the position of the cutting edge Ta in the X direction defines the amount of cutting with respect to the inclined surface Wa of the workpiece W.
- the cutting edge T of the cutting tool T1 is moved in the Z direction and the X direction along the inclined surface Wa of the workpiece W, and is also moved in the Y direction that is a tangential direction of the inclined surface Wa.
- the movement of the cutting tool T1 in the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction is performed based on information (processing recipe) set in advance in a storage unit provided in a control unit (not shown), for example. However, the operator may manually operate the movement of the cutting tool T1.
- FIG. 6A shows the direction of the cutting edge Ta of the cutting tool T1 with respect to the Z direction
- FIG. 6B shows the operation of the cutting tool T1 (cutting edge Ta) when the workpiece W is viewed in the ⁇ Z direction
- FIG. The operation of the cutting tool T1 (cutting edge Ta) when the workpiece W is viewed in the ⁇ X direction is shown.
- the cutting edge Ta of the cutting tool T1 is set at an angle ⁇ with respect to the Z direction. Therefore, when the cutting edge Ta moves from the ⁇ Y side of the work W to the + Y side, the + Z side of the cutting edge Ta comes into contact with the work W first.
- the cutting in step S03 described above is performed by moving the cutting edge Ta in the composite direction R obtained by combining the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction, as shown in FIGS. 6 (b) and (c).
- the synthesis direction R is a trajectory along a tangential plane with respect to the inclined surface Wa of the workpiece W.
- the first end portion Ta1 on the + Z side of the cutting edge Ta hits the small-diameter portion Wb of the inclined surface Wa (the + Z-side end portion having the smallest diameter), and the inclined surface Wa is cut at the first end portion Ta1.
- the cutting edge Ta moves in the synthesis direction R along the inclined surface Wa, so that the cutting portion of the workpiece W is gradually shifted in the ⁇ Z direction from the first end portion Ta1 toward the second end portion Ta2. It becomes a state.
- the blade tip Ta moves in the Y direction, but the blade tip Ta hits along the straight line L on the inclined surface Wa of the workpiece W and advances in the Z direction.
- Cutting of the inclined surface Wa is completed when the second end Ta2 of the cutting edge Ta reaches the large-diameter portion Wc of the inclined surface Wa (the end portion on the ⁇ Z side and having the largest diameter).
- the inclined surface Wa may be cut using a part of the cutting edge Ta.
- the cutting edge Ta advances along the straight line L
- the cutting edge Ta moves in the X direction as well as in the Z direction.
- the cutting edge Ta moves in the Y direction, but the amount of movement involved in cutting is equal to the distance in the Y direction from the first end Ta1 to the second end Ta2. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
- the cutting edge Ta moves in the Y direction depending on the angle ⁇ of the cutting edge Ta with respect to the Z direction and the length of the cutting edge Ta from the first end Ta1 to the second end Ta2.
- the amount varies. For example, when the angle of the cutting edge Ta is larger than ⁇ or when the cutting edge Ta is long, the amount of movement in the Y direction is larger in the cutting of the inclined surface Wa than that shown in FIG.
- the X direction speed, the Y direction speed, and the Z direction speed of the synthesis direction R are set to be constant, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the speed in the Y direction may be increased, and the speed in the Y direction may be decreased toward the large diameter portion Wc.
- the desired inclined surface Wa may be cut by changing the speed in the Z direction or the X direction according to the change in the moving speed in the Y direction.
- the moving speed may be changed without changing the moving direction R.
- the small diameter portion Wb side of the inclined surface Wa has a smaller diameter than the large diameter portion Wc side. For this reason, when cutting the small diameter portion Wb side of the inclined surface Wa, the feed amount f is reduced, and when the large diameter portion Wc side is cut, the feed amount f is increased, whereby the radial direction of the inclined surface Wa.
- the surface accuracy t can be made uniform.
- the workpiece W may be cut by adding the cutting tool T (see FIG. 1) of the second turret 23A.
- the inclined surface Wa may be cut by moving the cutting tool T of the second turret 23A on the ⁇ X side of the workpiece W along the same track as the cutting tool T1 described above.
- the cutting tool T may cut other than the inclined surface Wa.
- the holding by the grasping claw 9a is released, and the workpiece W is taken out from the machining area of the machine tool 100 by a workpiece conveyance device (not shown).
- a series of operations from the release of the grasping claw 9a to the removal of the workpiece W by the workpiece conveyance device may be performed, for example, by an instruction from a control unit (not shown) or by a manual operation of the operator. May be.
- the above-mentioned cutting process can be performed automatically. However, instead of performing all of these operations automatically, some or all of the operations may be performed manually.
- the machine tool 100 moves the cutting tool T1 in the composite direction R obtained by combining the Z direction, the X direction, and the Y direction with respect to the rotating workpiece W, and the workpiece W Since the inclined surface Wa is cut, the inclined surface Wa can be cut with high surface roughness, and grinding using a grindstone or the like is not required, so that the time until product completion can be shortened.
- the surface roughness used in the present specification for example, average roughness (Ra) is used, but other indices may be used.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of a main part of the machine tool 200 according to the second embodiment, where (a) is a front view and (b) is a view showing a use state. 7 is the same as that of the machine tool 100 shown in FIG.
- the same or equivalent components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted or simplified.
- the configuration of the angle setting mechanism (tool placement unit) 119 is different from that of the angle setting mechanism 19 of the first embodiment.
- the tool holding base 124 has an angle setting mechanism 119.
- the angle setting mechanism 119 includes a drive system M4 for rotating the support shaft 25, a worm shaft 122, and a worm gear 123.
- An example of the drive system M4 is shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 8A is a view when the inside of the first turret 23 (second turret 23A) is viewed in the + Z direction
- FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD in FIG.
- the drive system M4 includes a motor 31, a worm gear 32, a transmission shaft 33, and bevel gears 34 and 35.
- the motor 31 is disposed on the + Z side of the first turret 23 and is attached to the tool post driving unit 21, for example.
- the motor 31 has an output shaft 31a parallel to the Y direction.
- the output shaft 31a rotates around a rotation axis parallel to the Y direction.
- the worm gear 32 has a screw gear 32 a attached to the output shaft 31 a and a helical gear 32 b attached to the transmission shaft 33.
- the worm gear 32 transmits the rotation of the output shaft 31 a to the transmission shaft 33.
- the transmission shaft 33 is rotatably supported by, for example, bearings 33a and 33b around a rotation axis parallel to the Z direction.
- a helical gear 32b is attached to the end of the transmission shaft 33 on the + Z side.
- a bevel gear 34 is attached to the end of the transmission shaft 33 on the ⁇ Z side.
- the bevel gear 34 is engaged with the bevel gear 35.
- the bevel gear 35 is attached to the worm shaft 122.
- the bevel gears 34 and 35 transmit the rotation of the transmission shaft 33 to the worm shaft 122.
- the worm shaft 122 is rotatably supported by, for example, bearings 36a and 36b around a rotation axis parallel to the X direction.
- a worm 123a is attached to the end of the worm shaft 122 on the -X side.
- the teeth of the worm 123a mesh with the teeth of the worm wheel 123b.
- the worm wheel 123b is fixed to the support shaft 25.
- On the worm wheel 123b a plurality of teeth parallel to the X direction are arranged in the Y direction.
- the worm shaft 122 has a rotation axis AX2 parallel to the X direction, and rotates in the direction around the X axis by the driving force from the driving system M4.
- the worm shaft 122 is rotatably supported by bearings 36a and 36b, for example.
- the worm gear 123 includes a worm (screw gear) 123a and a worm wheel (helical gear) 123b.
- the worm 123 a is formed at the ⁇ X side end of the worm shaft 122 and rotates around the X axis integrally with the rotation shaft 122.
- the worm wheel 123b is fixed to the support shaft 25.
- the worm wheel 123b is arranged so that the rotation axis thereof coincides with the rotation axis AX1 of the support shaft 25.
- the worm wheel 123b is meshed with the worm 123a, and rotates around the Y axis by the rotation of the worm 123a. Therefore, when the worm shaft 122 is rotated, the worm 123a is rotated and a rotational force is applied to the worm wheel 123b, and the support shaft 25 is rotated by this force.
- the rotational position of the support shaft 25 is set according to the drive of the drive system M4, and thereby the inclination of the cutting edge Ta of the cutting tool T1 attached to the holder 27 is set.
- the rotational position of the support shaft 25 may be controlled by, for example, a control unit (not shown) provided in the machine tool 200, or may be performed manually by an operator. Further, a sensor for detecting the inclination of the blade edge Ta may be provided, and the inclination of the blade edge Ta may be controlled by an output from the sensor. In this case, an optical or magnetic non-contact type sensor may be used. In addition, it is not limited to rotating the support shaft 25 by the structure shown in FIG. For example, the support shaft 25 may be directly rotated by a servo motor or the like.
- FIG.7 (b) is a figure which shows a mode that the workpiece
- the workpiece W1 has shaft portions W1b and W1c formed on both sides of the curved surface portion W1a.
- the curved surface portion W1a is formed in a spherical shape having a constant curvature from the end portion W1d on the shaft portion W1b side to the end portion W1e on the shaft portion W1c side.
- the workpiece W1 has a shaft portion W1b held by a chuck portion 9a, and rotates around the Z direction as the main shaft 7 rotates.
- the inclination of the blade edge Ta is set so as to correspond to the tangential direction of the end portion W1e.
- the inclination of the blade edge Ta is set by rotating the support shaft 25 by driving the drive system M4 as described above.
- the cutting edge Ta is moved in the Z direction
- the cutting edge Ta is moved in the X direction and the Y direction
- the support shaft 25 is rotated so that the direction of the cutting edge Ta becomes the tangential direction of the curved surface portion W1a.
- the inclination of the blade edge Ta is continuously changed. By performing such an operation until the cutting edge Ta reaches the end portion W1d, the curved surface portion W1a can be cut.
- the inclination of the cutting edge Ta may not follow the curved surface.
- the entire surface of the curved surface portion W1a can be cut by cutting from the end portion W1d to the maximum diameter portion.
- the inclination of the surface to be processed continuously changes like the curved surface W1a. can also respond.
- high surface roughness can be obtained at the curved surface portion W1a, and grinding is not required, so that the time until product completion can be shortened.
- the cutting tool T1 shown in FIG. 7 cuts the curved surface portion W1a from the end W1e to the maximum diameter portion.
- the entire surface of the curved surface portion W1a can be cut without changing the workpiece W1 by the chuck portion 9a.
- the end portions W1d and W1e have a smaller diameter than the other curved surface portions W1a.
- the surface roughness in the curved surface portion W1a is increased.
- the degree can be made uniform.
- the tool holding base 224 that holds the cutting tool T1 may be configured to be rotatable in the direction C around the rotation axis AX3 parallel to the Z axis.
- the point which the tool holding stand 224 can move to a Z direction and a X direction with a moving apparatus not shown is the same as that of each above-mentioned embodiment.
- the tool tip 224 is rotated in the direction C around the rotation axis AX3 and synchronously controlled so as to move in the X direction, whereby the cutting edge of the cutting tool T1 is inclined on the inclined surface Wa (see FIG. 6 (b) etc.).
- the cutting edge T of the cutting tool T1 moves in a direction in which the Z direction, the X direction, and the direction C around the rotation axis AX3 are combined to cut the workpiece W.
- the cutting edge Ta of the cutting tool T1 when cutting the workpiece W, the cutting edge Ta of the cutting tool T1 is processed from the small diameter portion Wb to the large diameter portion Wc, but on the contrary, FIG. As shown, the cutting edge Ta may be cut from the large diameter portion Wc toward the small diameter portion Wb.
- the rotation direction of the workpiece W is opposite to the rotation direction of the workpiece W in the above embodiment, and the cutting tool T1 is set so that the first end portion Ta1 of the cutting edge Ta contacts the large diameter portion Wc of the inclined surface Wa. It arrange
- the composite direction R1 is a direction in which the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction are combined, and is a trajectory along a tangential plane with respect to the inclined surface Wa of the workpiece W.
- the synthesis direction R1 is opposite to the synthesis direction R in the above embodiment.
- the first turret 23 is described as an example of a configuration in which the first turret 23 can move in the Z direction, the X direction, and the Y direction.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the tool holders 24 and 124 may be configured to be movable in the Y direction with respect to the first turret 23.
- the first turret 23 can be handled by providing a separate drive system. The same applies to the second turret 23A.
- the configuration in which the angle setting mechanisms 19 and 119 that set the angle of the blade edge Ta with respect to the Z direction as viewed from the Y direction are used as the tool placement unit has been described as an example. It is not limited to.
- the tool placement unit may be configured to place the tool at a fixed angle without setting the angle of the cutting edge Ta with respect to the Z direction when viewed from the Y direction.
- W Workpiece Wa ... Inclined surface W1a ... Curved surface 100, 200 ... Machine tool 7 ... Main shaft T1 ... Cutting tool M1 ... Z direction drive system (moving device) M2 ... X direction drive system (moving device) M3 ... Y-direction drive system (moving device) Ta ... Cutting edge 19, 119 ... Angle setting mechanism (tool placement part)
Abstract
Description
第1実施形態に係る工作機械100について、図面を用いて説明する。図1は、第1実施形態に係る工作機械100の要部の一例を示し、(a)は側面図、(b)は正面図である。図1に示す工作機械100は、旋盤である。図1において、工作機械100の+Y側が正面であり、-Y側が背面である。また、工作機械100の±Z側は側面であり、Z方向は工作機械100の左右方向である。
先ず、加工対象であるワークWを主軸7に保持させる。例えば、不図示のワーク搬送装置が、加工対象であるワークWをロードポジションまで取りに行くとともに、このワークWを主軸7まで搬送し、把握爪9aによってワークWの端部を保持する。なお、ワークWが長尺である場合には、ワークWの他端を対向軸8のセンター10によって把持してもよい。なお、ワーク搬送装置によるワークWの搬送から、把握爪9aの駆動によりワークWの保持までの一連の動作は、例えば、不図示の制御部からの指示によって行われてもよく、また、作業者のマニュアル操作によって行われてもよい。
t=f2/8r
で表される。したがって、送り量fを一定とした場合、切削部分の径が大きい位置では面精度tが高くなり、切削部分の径が小さい位置では面精度tが低くなる。そこで、例えば切削部分の径rに応じて送り量fを変化させることで、面精度tが一定となるようにしてもよい。例えば、傾斜面Waの小径部Wb側は、大径部Wc側に比べて径が小さい。このため、傾斜面Waの小径部Wb側を切削する場合には送り量fを小さくし、大径部Wc側を切削する場合には送り量fを大きくすることにより、傾斜面Waの径方向において面精度tを均一にすることができる。
第2実施形態に係る工作機械200について説明する。
図7は、第2実施形態に係る工作機械200の要部の一例を示し、(a)は正面図、(b)は使用状態を示す図である。なお、図7において図示しない構成は、図1に示す工作機械100と同様のものが採用される。また、図7において、第1実施形態と同一または同等の構成部分については同一符号を付けて説明を省略または簡略化する。なお、この第2実施形態は、角度設定機構(工具配置部)119の構成が第1実施形態の角度設定機構19とは異なっている。
Wa…傾斜面
W1a…曲面
100、200…工作機械
7…主軸
T1…切削工具
M1…Z方向駆動系(移動装置)
M2…X方向駆動系(移動装置)
M3…Y方向駆動系(移動装置)
Ta…刃先
19、119…角度設定機構(工具配置部)
Claims (9)
- 傾斜面または曲面を有するワークを切削する工作機械であって、
前記ワークを保持して回転する主軸と、
前記ワークを切削する直線切刃を持つ切削工具を、前記主軸の軸線に平行なZ方向と、前記Z方向に直交しかつ前記ワークに対する切削量を規定するX方向と、前記Z方向及び前記X方向にそれぞれ直交するY方向または前記Z方向に平行な軸回り方向とを合成した方向に、前記ワークに対して相対的に移動させる移動装置と、
前記切削工具の刃先の方向を、前記X方向から見て前記Z方向に対して傾けた状態で、前記Y方向から見て前記Z方向に対して傾け、前記ワークの傾斜面または曲面に対応させる工具配置部と、を備える工作機械。 - 前記切削工具を保持する刃物台を有し、
前記移動装置は、前記刃物台を介して前記切削工具を前記Z方向、前記X方向、及び前記Y方向に移動させる請求項1記載の工作機械。 - 前記工具配置部は、前記刃物台と前記切削工具との間に形成される請求項2記載の工作機械。
- 前記工具配置部は、前記Y方向から見て前記Z方向に対する前記刃先の角度を設定する角度設定機構を有する請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の工作機械。
- 前記角度設定機構は、前記Y方向に沿った回転軸を有するシャフトと、前記シャフトの一部に形成されるとともに前記切削工具を保持するホルダと、を備える請求項4に記載の工作機械。
- 前記ホルダと前記シャフトとの間に圧入されて、前記シャフトの回転位置を保持するためのロックスリーブを備える請求項5記載の工作機械。
- 前記シャフトの回転位置を調整するための調整機構を備える請求項6記載の工作機械。
- 前記シャフトを前記ホルダに対して回転させるとともに、所定の回転位置で保持する駆動系を有する請求項5記載の工作機械。
- 傾斜面または曲面を有するワークを切削する方法であって、
ワークを回転させる工程と、
前記ワークを切削する直線切刃を持つ切削工具を、前記ワークの回転軸の軸線に平行なZ方向に対して傾けて前記ワークの傾斜面または曲面に対応させる工程と、
前記切削工具を、前記Z方向と、前記Z方向に直交しかつ前記ワークに対する切削量を規定するX方向と、前記Z方向及び前記X方向にそれぞれ直交するY方向または前記Z方向に平行な軸回り方向とを合成した方向に、前記ワークに対して相対的に移動させて前記ワークを切削する工程と、を備える切削方法。
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EP14865349.6A EP3075473B1 (en) | 2013-11-29 | 2014-10-23 | Machine tool and cutting method |
CN201480064264.1A CN105764636A (zh) | 2013-11-29 | 2014-10-23 | 机床及切削方法 |
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Also Published As
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EP3075473A1 (en) | 2016-10-05 |
KR101839878B1 (ko) | 2018-03-19 |
US20160288214A1 (en) | 2016-10-06 |
JPWO2015079836A1 (ja) | 2017-03-16 |
EP3075473A4 (en) | 2017-07-19 |
JP6206504B2 (ja) | 2017-10-04 |
US10005130B2 (en) | 2018-06-26 |
EP3075473B1 (en) | 2020-09-30 |
KR20160075736A (ko) | 2016-06-29 |
CN105764636A (zh) | 2016-07-13 |
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