WO2015072009A1 - Convertisseur bidirectionnel - Google Patents

Convertisseur bidirectionnel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015072009A1
WO2015072009A1 PCT/JP2013/080887 JP2013080887W WO2015072009A1 WO 2015072009 A1 WO2015072009 A1 WO 2015072009A1 JP 2013080887 W JP2013080887 W JP 2013080887W WO 2015072009 A1 WO2015072009 A1 WO 2015072009A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
circuit
switching element
turned
terminal
switching
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2013/080887
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
基久 人見
Original Assignee
オリジン電気株式会社
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Application filed by オリジン電気株式会社 filed Critical オリジン電気株式会社
Priority to PCT/JP2013/080887 priority Critical patent/WO2015072009A1/fr
Publication of WO2015072009A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015072009A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a bidirectional converter that operates bidirectionally.
  • the bidirectional converter is a converter that can perform input / output operations from both the primary and secondary sides.
  • the bidirectional converter uses a transformer for insulating the primary side and the secondary side.
  • the DC voltage input to the DC-DC converter is temporarily converted to AC, and the input side and output of the transformer The voltage is stepped up or down according to the turn ratio with the side to convert alternating current into direct current and output a direct current voltage.
  • a high-frequency AC voltage rectangular wave is generated by an inverter circuit, and the generated high-frequency AC voltage rectangular wave is boosted by a transformer, converted to direct current by a full-wave rectifier circuit, and output.
  • Patent Document 1 for example, refer to Patent Document 1
  • the DC-DC converter of Patent Document 1 has a problem that switching loss is large because the switch of the inverter circuit is turned off when a desired output voltage is reached. Further, in the DC-DC converter disclosed in Patent Document 2, if the switching elements in the inverter are associated with duty ratio control in order to realize a wide range of input / output voltage currents, the loss of the transformer increases. If a step-down circuit or a switching circuit is provided to reduce the loss of the transformer, there is a problem that the circuit and control become complicated.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a bidirectional converter that can cope with a wide range of input / output voltage currents and that reduces switching loss that occurs when the switching element is turned off.
  • the bidirectional converter according to the present invention includes a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding, and a switching element having a switching element in which an antiparallel diode and a parallel capacitor are respectively connected in parallel as first and second arms.
  • a first circuit and a second leg connected in parallel between the terminal and the second terminal, respectively, a first circuit connected to the primary winding side, an antiparallel diode and a parallel capacitor;
  • the secondary winding has a third leg and a fourth leg respectively connected in parallel between a third terminal and a fourth terminal, each having a switching element having a switching element connected in parallel as an upper and lower arm.
  • a second circuit connected to the side of the first leg, and between the connection point side of the upper and lower arms of the first leg and the connection point side of the upper and lower arms of the second leg via the primary winding or the third leg
  • Connecting upper and lower arms Inductance means connected via the secondary winding between the side of the upper and lower arms of the fourth leg, the switching element of the upper arm of the first or second leg, and the second or A pair of switching elements on the lower arm of the first leg are turned on and off alternately to convert direct current input from the first and second terminal sides into alternating current and output from the first circuit
  • the third or The switching element of the upper arm of the fourth leg and the switching element of the lower arm of the fourth or third leg are turned on and off alternately to convert the direct current input from the third and fourth terminal sides into alternating current
  • a control circuit for outputting from the second circuit and the control circuit detects a voltage, current, or power output from the third and fourth terminals, or between the first and second terminals.
  • Both the switching element of the upper arm of the first or second leg and the switching element of the lower arm of the second leg that are in the set are turned on so that the detected value of voltage, current, or power approaches the target value.
  • the switching element of the second circuit is turned on so that the secondary winding is short-circuited so that the energy stored in the inductance is supplied to the third and fourth terminals.
  • a switching element of a certain second circuit is turned off, and one of the switching elements of the first circuit among the switching elements of the first circuit in the set that is in the on state is turned off first, and then the other first circuit
  • the switching element is turned off later, and a detected value of voltage, current or power output from the side between the first and second terminals, or power input from the side between the third and fourth terminals.
  • Both the switching element of the upper arm of the third or fourth leg and the switching element of the lower arm of the fourth or third leg that form the set so that the detected value of pressure, current, or power approaches the target value.
  • the switching element of the first circuit is turned on to short-circuit the primary winding so that the energy stored in the inductance is supplied to the first and second terminals.
  • the switching element of the first circuit is turned off, and the switching element of one of the second circuits of the second circuit switching elements that are in the on state is turned off first, and then the other second The switching element of the circuit is turned off later.
  • the bidirectional converter of the present invention can cope with a wide range of input / output voltage currents and can reduce switching loss.
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a bidirectional converter according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first circuit and the second circuit switching element when the switching element of the second circuit is turned on / off when power is supplied from the first circuit to the second circuit side of the bidirectional converter according to the first embodiment of the present invention It is a wave form diagram which shows an example of this drive signal.
  • FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram showing an example of the voltage and current of the switching element of the first circuit 1 and the exciting current of the transformer in the case of FIG. 2. It is a wave form diagram which shows an example of the voltage of the switching element of the 2nd circuit in the case of FIG. 2, and an electric current.
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged waveform diagram of a part of the waveform diagram of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram showing an example of the voltage and current of the switching element of the first circuit 1 and the exciting current of the transformer in the case of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged waveform diagram of a part of
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram formed at each timing in the case of FIG. 2.
  • the voltage output between the third terminal and the fourth terminal side is changed to the switching element of the second circuit.
  • FIG. 8 is a waveform diagram illustrating an example of the voltage and current of the switching element of the first circuit 1 and the exciting current of the transformer in the case of FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 7 is a wave form diagram which shows an example of the voltage of the switching element of the 2nd circuit 2 in the case of FIG. 7, and an electric current.
  • FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram formed at each timing in the case of FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 1 shows a configuration diagram of a bidirectional converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the bidirectional converter shown in FIG. 1 includes a transformer 11, a first circuit 1 connected to the primary winding 11a side of the transformer 11, and a second circuit connected to the secondary winding 11b side of the transformer 11. 2, an inductance means L, and a control circuit 3.
  • This bidirectional converter converts the direct current input from the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2 side into alternating current and outputs it from the first circuit 1, and converts the alternating current into direct current in the second circuit 2 via the transformer 11. Then, electric power is supplied to the third terminal T3 and the fourth terminal T4 side on the output side.
  • the first circuit 1 connects the upper and lower arms of the first leg 12 and the second leg 13 with switching elements S1 to S4. It is a full bridge circuit.
  • the first leg 12 and the second leg 13 are connected in parallel between the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2.
  • the first leg 12 has switching elements S1 and S2 as upper and lower arms
  • the second leg 13 has switching elements S3 and S4 as upper and lower arms.
  • switching elements S1 to S4 in which antiparallel diodes D1 to D4 and parallel capacitors C1 to C4 are connected in parallel to the switching elements Q1 to Q4, respectively, are used. That is, the antiparallel diodes D1 to D4 are internal diodes of the switching elements S1 to S4, and the parallel capacitors C1 to C4 are parasitic capacitances of the switching elements S1 to S4.
  • the third leg 14 and the fourth leg 15 are connected in parallel between the third terminal T3 and the fourth terminal T4, respectively.
  • the third leg 14 has switching elements S5 and S6 as upper and lower arms
  • the fourth leg 15 has switching elements S6 and S7 as upper and lower arms.
  • switching elements S5 to S8 in which antiparallel diodes D5 to D8 and parallel capacitors C5 to C8 are connected in parallel to the switching elements Q5 to Q8, respectively. Used. That is, the antiparallel diodes D5 to D8 are internal diodes of the switching elements S5 to S8, and the parallel capacitors C5 to C8 are parasitic capacitances of the switching elements S5 to S8.
  • the antiparallel diodes D1 to D4 connected in parallel to the switching elements Q1 to Q4 of the first circuit 1 may be the built-in diodes of the switching elements S1 to S4 as shown in FIG.
  • an externally attached diode may be used separately from the switching elements S1 to S4, or a combination thereof may be used.
  • the parallel capacitors C1 to C4 connected in parallel to the switch elements Q1 to Q4 of the first circuit 1 may use the parasitic capacitances of the switching elements S1 to S4 as shown in FIG.
  • a capacitor externally attached to S4 may be used, or a combination thereof may be used.
  • the secondary winding 11b of the transformer 11 is connected to the connection point side of the upper and lower arms of the third leg 14 of the second circuit 2 and the connection point side of the upper and lower arms of the fourth leg 15.
  • a capacitor 17 is connected between the third terminal T3 and the fourth terminal T4, and a DC voltage is output between the third terminal T3 and the fourth terminal T4.
  • the inductance means L is connected to the connection point side of the upper and lower arms of the first leg 12 and the connection point side of the upper and lower arms of the second leg 13 via the primary winding 11 a of the transformer 11.
  • This inductance means L is connected to the connection point side of the upper and lower arms of the third leg 14 of the second circuit 2 and the connection point side of the upper and lower arms of the fourth leg 15 via the secondary winding 11b of the transformer 11.
  • one end of the inductance means L is connected to the connection point side of the upper and lower arms of the first leg 12, and the other end is connected to the primary winding 11a side of the transformer 11.
  • the other end may be connected to the primary winding 11 a side of the transformer 11 on the connection point side of the upper and lower arms of the two legs 13.
  • the inductance means L is connected via the secondary winding 11b.
  • the switching circuit S1 or S3 of the upper arm of the first leg 12 or the second leg 13 The switching element S4 or S2 of the lower arm of the second leg 13 or the first leg 12 is paired and alternately turned on and off to convert the direct current input from the first terminal T1 and second terminal T2 side into alternating current. Output from one circuit 1.
  • the switching elements S1 and S4 of the first circuit 1 to be paired the switching element S4 is turned off first, and then the switching element S1 is turned off later.
  • the switching element S3 is turned off first, and then the switching element S2 is turned off later.
  • the switching elements S5 or S7 and the fourth leg 15 or third of the upper arm of the third leg 14 or the fourth leg 15 are used.
  • the switching element S8 or S6 of the lower arm of the leg 14 is paired and turned on and off alternately to convert the direct current input from the third terminal T3 and fourth terminal T4 side into alternating current and output from the second circuit 2.
  • the switching elements S5 and S8 of the second circuit 2 to be paired the switching element S5 is turned off first, and then the switching element S8 is turned off later.
  • the switching element S6 is turned off first, and then the switching element S7 is turned off later.
  • the voltage detection means 18 between the third and fourth terminals shown in FIG. 1 detects the voltage between the third terminal T3 and the fourth terminal T4, and the voltage detection means 19 between the first and second terminals is the first.
  • the voltage between the terminal T1 and the second terminal T2 is detected.
  • the detected voltage value between the third and fourth terminals and the detected voltage value between the first and second terminals are input to the control circuit 3.
  • the control circuit 3 switches the switching elements S1 to S4 of the first circuit 1 and the switching of the second circuit 2 based on the detected voltage value between the third and fourth terminals and the detected voltage value between the first and second terminals.
  • the elements S5 to S8 are turned on and off to control the output voltage of the second circuit 2.
  • control circuit 3 sets the output voltage so that the voltage detection value on the side between the third and fourth terminals or the voltage detection value on the side between the first and second terminals approaches the target voltage value corresponding to the load condition.
  • Pulse control is performed to modulate the pulse width and frequency of the switching elements S1 to S4 of one circuit 1 and the switching elements S5 to S8 of the second circuit 2.
  • the third and fourth inter-terminal voltage detection means 18 and the first and second inter-terminal voltage detection means 19 connect a resistor to the output side, for example, and detect a voltage applied to the resistance.
  • the switching element of the second circuit on the output side is turned on and off, and the inductance means L from the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2 side on the input side Control the amount of energy stored.
  • the control circuit 3 gives drive signals to the switching elements S5 and S6 of the second circuit 2, respectively.
  • the switching element S6 or S5 of the second circuit 2 is turned on during a period in which the switching elements S1 and S4 of the first circuit 1 or the switching elements S2 and S3 of the first circuit 1 are in an on state.
  • the secondary winding 11b side is short-circuited. Thereby, the energy input from the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2 side is accumulated in the inductance means L.
  • the switching elements S6 and S5 of the second circuit 2 are turned off during a period in which the switching elements S1 and S4 of the first circuit 1 and the switching elements S2 and S3 of the pair of the first circuit 1 continue to be on. .
  • the energy stored in the inductance means L is supplied to the third terminal T3 and the fourth terminal T4 side.
  • one switching element S4 of the switching elements S1 and S4 of the first circuit that are in the set in the ON state is turned off first, and then the other switching element S1 is turned off later.
  • control circuit 3 operates to lower the voltage output between the third terminal T3 and the fourth terminal T4 than the output voltage obtained by the operation of turning on and off the switching elements S5 and S6 of the second circuit 2 described above.
  • the switching element of the first circuit is pulse-controlled, and the switching elements S5 and S6 of the second circuit are operated so as not to conduct in the forward direction.
  • the control circuit 3 inputs from the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2 side during a period in which the switching elements S1 and S4 of the first circuit or the switching elements S2 and S3 of the first circuit to be paired are in the ON state.
  • the switching element of the first circuit is pulse-controlled so that the energy to be supplied is supplied to the third terminal T3 and the fourth terminal T4 side via the inductance means L, and the switching elements S5 and S6 of the second circuit are forwardly driven. Operate so as not to conduct. In this operation, since the control circuit 3 does not conduct the switching elements S5 to S8 of the second circuit 2 in the forward direction, the second circuit 2 functions as a full-bridge rectifier circuit in which the antiparallel diodes D5 to D8 are conducted. .
  • the switching element of the first circuit on the output side is turned on and off, and the third terminal T3 and the fourth terminal on the input side are turned on and off.
  • the amount of energy stored in the inductance means L is controlled from the terminal T4 side.
  • the switching element S3 or S4 of the first circuit 1 is turned on during the period in which the switching elements S5 and S8 of the second circuit 2 or the switching elements S6 and S7 of the second circuit 2 that are paired are in the on state.
  • the primary winding 11a side of the transformer 11 is short-circuited. Thereby, the energy input from the third terminal T3 and the fourth terminal T4 side is accumulated in the inductance means L.
  • the switching element S3 or S4 of the first circuit 1 in the on state is changed. Turn off. Thereby, the energy accumulated in the inductance means L is supplied to the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2 side. Thereafter, one of the switching elements S5 and S8 of the second circuit in the pair in the on state is turned off first, and then the other switching element S8 is turned off later.
  • control circuit 3 operates to lower the voltage output between the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2 side than the output voltage obtained by the operation of turning on and off the switching elements S3 and S4 of the first circuit 2 described above.
  • the switching element of the second circuit is pulse-controlled, and the switching elements S3 and S4 of the first circuit are operated so as not to conduct in the forward direction.
  • the control circuit 3 inputs from the third terminal T3 and the fourth terminal T4 side during a period in which the switching elements S5 and S8 or the switching elements S6 and S7 of the second circuit to be paired are in the ON state.
  • the switching element of the second circuit is pulse-controlled so that the generated energy is supplied to the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2 via the inductance means L, and the switching elements S3 and S4 of the first circuit are forward-controlled. Operate so as not to conduct. In this operation, the control circuit 3 does not conduct the switching elements S1 to S4 of the first circuit 1 in the forward direction. Therefore, the first circuit 1 functions as a full-bridge rectifier circuit in which the antiparallel diodes D1 to D4 are conducted.
  • the drive signal will be described in the following operation with the drive signal for turning on the switching element of the first circuit 1 and the switching element of the second circuit 2 being an on signal and the drive signal for turning off the off signal.
  • the drive signal voltage, current, or the like is used.
  • the on signal, the off signal, and the like are not particularly limited, and may be a signal that is given throughout the on or off period or a signal that is given as a trigger for a short time.
  • FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram showing an example of drive signals for the switching elements S1 to S4 of the first circuit 1 and the switching elements S5 to S8 of the second circuit 2.
  • FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram showing an example of the voltage and current of the switching elements S1 to S4 of the first circuit 1 and the exciting current of the transformer 11.
  • FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram showing an example of voltages and currents of the switching elements S5 to S8 of the second circuit 2.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a part of time Tx in the waveform diagram of FIG.
  • FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram formed at each timing.
  • the current flowing in the forward direction through the switching elements S1 to S4 of the first circuit 1 and the switching elements S5 to S8 of the second circuit 2 is positive, and the switching of the first circuit 1 is performed.
  • the current flowing in the reverse direction through the elements S1 to S4 and the switching elements S5 to S8 of the second circuit 2 is negative.
  • the antiparallel diode D5 When charging / discharging of the parallel capacitor C6 and the parallel capacitor C5 of the second circuit 2 is completed at time t3 shown in FIG. 4, the antiparallel diode D5 is turned on as shown in FIG. 6 (c). The current on the secondary winding 11b side flows from the secondary winding 11b through the antiparallel diode D5, the third terminal T3, the fourth terminal T4 side, and the antiparallel diode D8. The energy accumulated in the inductance means L between the time t1 and the time t2 is supplied to the output side of the second circuit 2.
  • the time from the time t1 to the time The capacitor 17 discharged during t2 is charged. Further, the current on the primary winding 11a side continues to flow through the same current path from time t1 to time t4 when the switch element Q4 is turned off.
  • an off signal is given from the control circuit 3 to the switching element S4 of the first circuit 1 to be turned off first among the switching elements S1 and S4 of the first circuit 1 to be paired.
  • the switch element Q4 is turned off at time t4, as shown in FIG. 6D, on the primary winding 11a side, current flows in the direction of charging the parallel capacitor C4 connected in parallel to the turned off switch element Q4.
  • the inductance means L, the primary winding 11a, the parallel capacitor C4, the second terminal T2, and the first terminal T1 flow from the side through the switch element Q1.
  • a discharge current flows from the parallel capacitor C3 through the switch element Q1, the inductance means L, and the primary winding 11a.
  • the current on the secondary winding 11b side continues from the time t3 through the secondary winding 11b, the antiparallel diode D5, the third terminal T3 side, the fourth terminal T4 side, and the antiparallel diode D8.
  • This period of flowing through the current path on the secondary winding 11b side continues from when the antiparallel diode D5 is turned on until the current flowing through the antiparallel diode D5 becomes substantially zero.
  • the drive signal for the switching element S1 to be turned off later is turned off. Since the switching element Q1 is turned off, a current flows from the primary winding 11a through the anti-parallel diode D3, the parallel capacitor C1, and the inductance means L due to the exciting current of the transformer that flows immediately before time t6, and charges the parallel capacitor C1. To do. On the other hand, a discharge current flows from the parallel capacitor C2 through the inductance means L, the primary winding 11a, the antiparallel diode D3, the first terminal T1 side, and the second terminal T2 side.
  • the switch element Q1 is turned off while the current is still flowing, but this current can be used as the exciting current of the transformer 11 having a very small value. Therefore, since the switching element S1 can be turned off later, the current value when the switching element S1 is turned off can be reduced. Therefore, the switching loss can be reduced as compared with the switching element Q4 that is turned off first.
  • the antiparallel diode D2 When the charging and discharging of the parallel capacitors C1 and C2 are completed at time t7, the antiparallel diode D2 is turned on as shown in FIG. On the primary winding 11a side, the anti-parallel diode D3 and the first terminal T1 from the primary winding 11a in the same direction as the current flowing in the primary winding 11a immediately before time t7 due to the exciting current of the transformer 11. Current flows through the side, the second terminal T2 side, the anti-parallel diode D2, and the inductance means L.
  • the current on the secondary winding 11b side continues from the time t3 through the secondary winding 11b, the antiparallel diode D5, the third terminal T3 side, the fourth terminal T4 side, and the antiparallel diode D8.
  • the period of flow through the current path on the secondary winding 11b side continues from when the antiparallel diode D5 is turned on until the current flowing through the antiparallel diode D5 becomes substantially zero.
  • the ON signal of the switch element Q5 is input, and the switch element Q5 becomes conductive in the forward direction. If it is possible, as shown in the waveform diagram of FIG. 4, after the current flowing through the antiparallel diode D5 becomes zero, the secondary winding 11b side is switched to the switching element Q5, the secondary winding 11b, A current flows through the parallel diode D7.
  • the drive signals of the switching elements S2 and S3 of the first circuit 1 which are the other set are turned on.
  • the switch element Q2 and the switch element Q3 conduct in the forward direction
  • the ON signal is given to the drive signal of the switching element S5 of the second circuit 2 before the time t8, and the switching element Q5 is in a state in which the switching element Q5 can conduct in the forward direction at the time t8. Yes.
  • the anti-parallel diodes D2 and D3 connected in parallel to the switching elements Q2 and Q3, respectively, are conducting, so that as shown in FIG. 5, the switching elements of the first circuit 1 S2 and S3 can realize zero voltage switching when turned on.
  • the switch element Q5 can be turned on with zero voltage.
  • the ON signal that is the driving signal of the switching element S5 of the second circuit 2 is from the time t3 to the time 8 which is a period in which the antiparallel diode D5 is conductive. Should be given during the period.
  • one switch element Q3 of the paired switching elements S2 and S3 is turned off first, and the other switch element Q2 is turned off later.
  • the switch element Q2 to be turned off later is turned off in a state where the current is still flowing.
  • this current can be used as the exciting current of the transformer 11 having a very small value, it is turned off first. Switching loss can be reduced compared to when the switching element Q3 is off.
  • the drive signals of the switching elements S1 and S4 of the first circuit 1 that are paired again are turned on.
  • an ON signal is given to the drive signal of the switching element S6 of the second circuit 2, so that the switch element Q5 can conduct in the forward direction.
  • the antiparallel diodes D1 and D4 connected in parallel to the switching elements Q1 and Q4 of the switching elements S1 and S4 are in conduction.
  • the switching elements S1 and S4 of the first circuit 1 can realize zero voltage switching when turned on.
  • the switching elements S1 and S2 of the first circuit 1 to be turned off later are connected in series.
  • the voltage across the switching element S2 of the other lower arm in the same first leg is set to zero.
  • An ON signal is given to the switch element Q2 after being lowered to.
  • a period from when an OFF signal is applied to the switch element Q1 to when an ON signal is applied to the switch element Q2, that is, a period during which both the switching elements S1 and S2 are turned off is defined as Td.
  • the period Td during which both the switching elements S1 and S2 of the first circuit 1 are turned off is set to a large value, the voltage rises again after the voltage across the first switching element S1 or S2 drops to zero. C1 or C2 may be charged after being discharged to zero. For this reason, it is preferable that the period Td during which both the switching elements S1 and S2 are turned off is set to a period during which the voltage across the switching element S1 or S2 drops to zero.
  • the parallel capacitors C1 and C2 having the capacitances of the capacitors connected in parallel to the switch elements Q1 and Q2 to be turned off later have a small capacitance value such as a parasitic capacitance built in the switching elements S1 and S2, and may vary depending on parts. . For this reason, a separate capacitor may be connected in parallel to the parasitic capacitances built in the switching elements S1 and S2, and these combined capacitances may be used as the parallel capacitors C1 and C2.
  • FIG. 7 is an example of a waveform diagram showing drive signals for the switching elements S1 to S4 of the first circuit 1 and the switching elements S5 to S8 of the second circuit 2 in this operation.
  • FIG. 8 is a waveform diagram showing an example of the voltages and currents of the switching elements S1 to S4 of the first circuit 1 and the exciting current of the transformer 11 in this operation.
  • FIG. 9 is a waveform diagram showing an example of voltages and currents of the switching elements S5 to S8 of the second circuit 2 in this operation.
  • FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram formed at each timing in this operation.
  • the current flowing in the forward direction through the switching elements S1 to S4 of the first circuit 1 and the switching elements S5 to S8 of the second circuit 2 is positive, and the switching of the first circuit 1 is performed.
  • the current flowing in the reverse direction through the elements S1 to S4 and the switching elements S5 to S8 of the second circuit 2 is negative.
  • the bidirectional converter circuit of FIG. 1 functions as a full-bridge rectifier circuit in which the antiparallel diodes D5 to D8 of the switching elements S5 to S8 of the second circuit 2 are conducted. Therefore, in the bidirectional converter, at least the second circuit 2 only needs to have anti-parallel diodes D5 to D8. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, the drive signals for the switching elements S5 to S8 of the second circuit 2 are ON signals. Does not give.
  • Time t21 is a time point when an ON signal is given to the ON signal to the switching elements S1 and S4 of the first circuit 1 forming a set. At this time, no ON signal is given to the switching elements S5 to S8 of the second circuit 2.
  • the current flows from the first terminal T1 side to the switching element Q1, the inductance means L, the primary winding 11a, the switching element Q4, It flows to the two terminal T2 side.
  • the secondary winding 11b side of the transformer 11 a current flows from the secondary winding 11b through the antiparallel diode D8 from the antiparallel diode D5, the third terminal T3, and the fourth terminal T4 side.
  • Input power supplied from the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2 side is supplied to the third terminal T3 and the fourth terminal T4 side via the inductance means L.
  • the control circuit 3 is configured so that the voltage detection value on the side between the third terminal T3 and the fourth terminal T4 detected by the third and fourth terminal-side voltage detection means 18 approaches the target value.
  • An off signal is given to switching element S4 which turns off first among switching elements S1 and S4 of the 1st circuit 1 used as a group.
  • the switch element Q4 is turned off at time t22, as shown in FIG. 10B, the inductance means in the direction of charging the parallel capacitor C4 connected in parallel to the turned off switch element Q4 on the primary winding 11a side. L, current flows from the primary winding 11a, the parallel capacitor C4, the second terminal T2, and the first terminal T1 through the switch element Q1.
  • a discharge current flows from the parallel capacitor C3 through the switch element Q1, the inductance means L, and the primary winding 11a.
  • the antiparallel diode D3 connected in parallel to the switch element Q3 becomes conductive.
  • the inductance means L On the primary winding 11a side, due to the energy accumulated in the inductance means L and the exciting current of the transformer 11, the inductance means L in the same direction as the current flowing in the primary winding 11a and the inductance means L immediately before time t5.
  • a current flows from the primary winding 11a through the antiparallel diode D3 and the switch element Q1.
  • the current on the secondary winding 11b side continues from the time t21 and flows through the secondary winding 11b, the antiparallel diode D5, the third terminal T3 side, the fourth terminal T4 side, and the antiparallel diode D8.
  • the drive signal for the switching element S1 to be turned off later is turned off. Since the switching element Q1 is turned off, the transformer exciting current that flows immediately before time t23 causes the primary winding 11a to move from the primary winding 11a to the antiparallel diode D3, the parallel capacitor C1, and the inductance means L as shown in FIG. A current flows through and charges the parallel capacitor C1. On the other hand, a discharge current flows from the parallel capacitor C2 through the inductance means L, the primary winding 11a, the antiparallel diode D3, the first terminal T1, and the second terminal T2.
  • the switch element Q1 is turned off while the current is still flowing, but the current can be made smaller than that of the switch element Q4 turned off first. Therefore, the switching loss of the switch element Q1 to be turned off later can be reduced as compared to when the switch element Q4 to be turned off first is turned off.
  • the antiparallel diode D2 is turned on as shown in FIG. 10 (e).
  • the anti-parallel diode D3 and the first terminal T1 from the primary winding 11a in the same direction as the current flowing in the primary winding 11a immediately before time t25 due to the exciting current of the transformer 11 A current flows through the second terminal T2 side, the antiparallel diode D2, and the inductance means L.
  • the current on the secondary winding 11b side continues from the time t21 and flows through the secondary winding 11b, the antiparallel diode D5, the third terminal T3 side, the fourth terminal T4 side, and the antiparallel diode D8.
  • an ON signal is given to the switching elements S2 and S3 of the first circuit 1 which is the other set.
  • the switch element Q2 and the switch element Q3 conduct in the forward direction, and the first terminal T1 side, the switch element Q3, the primary winding 11a, inductance means A current flows through L, the switch element Q2, and the second terminal T2. Since the current flowing through the primary winding 11a is in the reverse direction, the anti-parallel diode D6 and the anti-parallel diode D7 conduct in the forward direction on the secondary winding 11b side, and the reverse from the secondary winding 11b.
  • the power input from between the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2 is supplied to the third terminal T3 and the fourth terminal T4 side via the inductance means L.
  • the switching elements S2 and S3 of the first circuit 1 can realize zero voltage switching when turned on.
  • switching element S2, S3 of the 1st circuit 1 used as the other group after time t26 it is made to operate similarly to time t26 from time t21 of switching element S1, S4 used as the above-mentioned group. That is, for example, the control circuit 3 places one of the switching elements S2 and S3 as a pair first so that the output voltage between the third terminal T3 and the fourth terminal T4 becomes a desired value. And then the other switch element Q2 is turned off. At this time, the switch element Q2 to be turned off later is turned off in a state where the current is still flowing. However, since this current can be used as the exciting current of the transformer 11 having a very small value, it is turned off first. Switching loss can be reduced compared to when the switching element Q3 is off.
  • the drive signals of the switching elements S1 and S4 of the first circuit 1 that are paired again are turned on.
  • the ON signal is applied to the switching elements S1 and S4 of the first circuit 1
  • the antiparallel diodes D1 and D4 connected in parallel to the switching elements Q1 and Q4 of the switching elements S1 and S4 are in conduction.
  • the switching elements S1 and S4 of the first circuit 1 can realize zero voltage switching when turned on.
  • the control circuit 23 performs the operation of causing the second circuit 22 or the first circuit 1 on the output side to function as a rectifier circuit, and the switching element of the first circuit 1 or the second circuit 22. If the detected value of the voltage output from the third terminal T3 and the fourth terminal T4 or from the side between the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2 does not approach the target value even if the pulse width or frequency is modulated The operation is switched to the operation of turning on or off the switching element of the second circuit 22 or the first circuit 1 on the side.
  • the control circuit 3 sets the first circuit 1 or the second circuit 2 to be a pair.
  • the energy input from the first terminal T1, the second terminal T2 or the third terminal T3, and the fourth terminal T4 side during the period when the switching element is on is supplied to the third terminal T3 and the fourth terminal via the inductance means L.
  • the switching elements of the first circuit 1 or the second circuit 2 are pulse-controlled so as to be supplied to T4 or the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2. At this time, the switching element of the second circuit 2 or the first circuit 1 is not conducted in the forward direction.
  • the pulse width of the switching element of the second circuit 2 or the first circuit 1 is If the detected value of the voltage output from the third terminal T3 and the fourth terminal T4 or between the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2 does not approach the target value even if the frequency is modulated, the second on the output side The operation is switched to let the circuit 2 or the first circuit 1 function as a rectifier circuit.
  • the control circuit 3 sets the first circuit 1 or the second circuit 2 to be a pair.
  • the second circuit 2 or the second circuit so that the energy input from the side between the first terminal T1, the second terminal T2 or the third terminal T3, and the fourth terminal T4 is accumulated in the inductance means L during the period in which the switching of the second terminal
  • the switching elements of one circuit 1 are made conductive in the forward direction.
  • the second circuit 2 which turns off the switching element of the second circuit 2 or the first circuit 1 which is conducted in the forward direction.
  • the switching pulse control of the first circuit 1 is performed.
  • the first terminal T1, the second terminal T2 or the third T3, and the fourth terminal T4 or the first terminal during a period in which the switching elements of the first circuit 1 or the second circuit 2 that are paired are in the ON state.
  • the switching element of the second circuit 2 or the first circuit 1 is forwardly driven so that the energy input from the side between T3 and the fourth terminal T4 is supplied to the third terminal T3 and the fourth terminal T4 side through the inductance means L. Switch to the operation that does not conduct to.
  • the first circuit is configured to switch the operation as described above so that the detected value of the voltage output from the third terminal T3 and the fourth terminal T4 or between the first terminal T3 and the fourth terminal T4 approaches the target value.
  • the pulse control of the switching element of the second circuit is performed.
  • the operation for causing the second circuit or the first circuit on the output side to function as a full-bridge rectifier circuit is also used.
  • the excitation current large enough to reduce the voltage across the switching element S2 or S1 to zero.
  • Td it is necessary to provide a period Td during which both the switching elements S1 and S2 can be turned off so that the voltage across the switching element S2 or S1 can be reduced to zero by the excitation current.
  • the period Td during which both the switching elements S1 and S2 of the first circuit 1 are turned off is about a period during which the voltage across the switching element S1 or S2 drops to zero.
  • the parallel capacitors C1 and C2 of the capacitors connected in parallel to the switch elements Q1 and Q2 to be turned off later have a small capacitance value such as in the case of the parasitic capacitance built in the first switching elements S1 and S2, and may vary depending on the parts. is there. For this reason, a separate capacitor may be connected in parallel to the parasitic capacitances built in the switching elements S1 and S2, and these combined capacitances may be used as the parallel capacitors C1 and C2.
  • an ON signal that is a drive signal for the switching elements S2 and S3 of the first circuit 1 is simultaneously applied at time t8 and time t26, and the switch element Q2 and the switch element Q3 are sequentially switched.
  • An example of the operation starting to conduct in the direction is shown.
  • the present invention is not limited to the operation of the example of the above embodiment, and the time points when the ON signals of the switching elements S2 and S3 are given may not be the same. Further, the time point when the ON signals of the switching elements S2 and S3 are given may be a period in which the antiparallel diodes D2 and D3 are conducting.
  • the time when the ON signals of the switching elements S2 and S3 are given does not coincide with the time when the switching elements Q2 and Q3 start to conduct in the forward direction, for example, the current that conducts the antiparallel diodes D2 and D3 is zero. Then, current starts to flow in the forward direction through the switch element Q2 and the switch element Q3.
  • the switching element it is possible to reduce the conduction loss of the switching elements S2 and S3 by providing the ON signals of S2 and S3 and causing the switching elements Q2 and Q3 to conduct in the reverse direction.
  • the switching elements S1 and S4 of the first circuit 1 which are the other set.
  • the switching element S7, S8 of the second circuit to be turned off later is turned off while the current is still flowing in the switching element S7, S8. Since the exciting current can be set, the switching loss can be reduced as compared with the switching elements Q5 and Q6 of the switching elements S5 and S6 to be turned off first.
  • the switching elements S5 and S8 or S6 and S7 of the second circuit 2 on the input side to be paired are turned on, the switching elements S5 and S8 or S6 and S7 switch elements Q5 and Q8 or Q6 and Q7, respectively.
  • Zero voltage switching can be realized by keeping the antiparallel diodes D5 and D8 or D6 and D7 connected in parallel.
  • the switching element S3 or S4 of the first circuit 1 is turned on in parallel with the switching element Q3 or Q4 of the switching element S3 or S4 immediately before turning on.
  • Zero voltage switching can be realized by keeping the anti-parallel diode D3 or D4 connected to the terminal in conduction.
  • the transformer 11 zeroes the voltage across the parallel capacitor connected in parallel to the switch elements of the other upper or lower arm switching elements in the same leg as the switching elements of the second circuit switching element to be turned off later. It is necessary to have an excitation inductance that allows an excitation current of a magnitude that discharges the charge of the parallel capacitor to be lowered to the vicinity.
  • the control circuit has a voltage across the parallel capacitor connected in parallel to the switching element of the switching element of the upper or lower arm in the same leg as the switching element of the switching element of the second circuit to be turned off later by the excitation current.
  • the period Td during which both the switching elements of the second circuit are turned off is preferably set to a period during which the voltage across the switching element is reduced to zero.
  • a parallel capacitor having a capacitance of a capacitor connected in parallel to the switching element of the switching element of the second circuit to be turned off later has a small capacitance value such as a parasitic capacitance built in the switching element, and varies depending on parts. For this reason, a separate capacitor may be connected in parallel to the parasitic capacitance built in the switching element of the second circuit, and these combined capacitors may be used as the parallel capacitor.
  • S4 and S3 are turned off first
  • the switching elements S1 and S2 of the upper and lower arms of the first leg 12 may be turned off first.
  • the switching elements of the first circuit 1 to be turned off first are the switching elements S1 and S3 of the upper arms of the first leg 12 and the second leg 13, or the lower arms of the first leg 12 and the second leg 13.
  • the switching elements S2 and S4 may be used.
  • the switching of the second circuit on the output side is turned on and off, and the third leg 14 shown in FIG.
  • the switching elements S5 and S6 in the arm are turned on and off
  • the switching elements S7 and S8 in the upper and lower arms of the fourth leg 15 may be turned on and off.
  • the switching elements of the second circuit that are turned on / off during this operation are the switching elements S5 and S7 of the upper arms of the third leg 14 and the fourth leg 15, or the switching elements S5 and S7 of the third leg 14 and the fourth leg 15.
  • the lower arm switching elements S6 and S8 may be used.
  • the switching element S5 and S8 or the switching element S6 and S7 of the second circuit 2 to be paired is turned off first.
  • S7 or switching elements S6 and S8 of the lower arm of the third leg 14 and the fourth leg 15 may be used.
  • the switching element of the second circuit 2 to be turned on / off is The switching elements S3 and S4 on the upper and lower arms of the two legs 13 or the switching elements S1 and S2 on the upper and lower arms of the first leg 12 may be turned on and off, and the upper arms of the first leg 12 and the second leg 13 Switching elements S1 and S3, or switching elements S2 and S4 of the lower arm of the first leg 12 and the second leg 13 may be used.
  • D6 may be conducted in the forward direction.
  • the voltage drop of the switching elements Q5 and Q6 when the current flows in the reverse direction is smaller than the forward voltage that is the voltage drop of the antiparallel diodes D5 and D6 when the forward current flows, the antiparallel diode D5 , The conduction loss of D6 can be reduced.
  • the switching elements S7 and S8 including the antiparallel diodes D7 and D8 or the switching elements S7 and S8 connected in parallel with the antiparallel diodes D7 and D8 are used, the switching elements Q7 and Q8 are made to conduct in the reverse direction. Thus, the conduction loss of the antiparallel diodes D7 and D8 can be reduced.
  • an inductance component provided in parallel to the primary winding or the secondary winding of the transformer 11 in order to make the excitation current have an appropriate magnitude is also included in the excitation inductance of the transformer.
  • the current that flows due to the combined inductance of the exciting inductance of the transformer 11 and the inductance component provided in parallel with the transformer 11 is also included in the above-described exciting current.
  • the transformer excitation inductance can be adjusted in the transformer structure, for example, by the gap width of the core, the number of windings, the core material, and the like.
  • control circuit 3 is configured such that the voltage value detected by the third and fourth inter-terminal voltage detection means 18 and the first and second inter-terminal voltage detection means 19 approaches the target value.
  • the detection value to be used may be a combination of these in addition to the output current value and the output power.
  • the detected value of voltage, current, or power on the input side may approach the target value.
  • a calculated value obtained by multiplying the detected voltage and current is used as the detected power value.
  • the above output voltage, current or power detection value or input voltage, current or power detection value is calculated by multiplying or dividing a certain coefficient by these values or adding or subtracting a certain value. The value obtained in this way is also included.
  • the present invention uses the inductance means connected to the primary winding or the secondary winding side of the transformer, and operates to turn on or off the switching element of the second circuit or the first circuit on the output side.
  • connection point refers to a portion that is electrically connected and at the same potential, It does not mean a physically connected point.
  • the configuration, structure, number, arrangement, shape, material, and the like of each part in the converter and the bidirectional converter according to the present invention are not limited to the above-described specific examples, and those appropriately employed by those skilled in the art may As long as the gist of the present invention is included, it is included in the scope of the present invention.
  • the semiconductor elements illustrated by symbols are not limited to these specific electric elements, but include an electric element including a single electric element or a plurality of electric elements having the same function or action. All of these variations are included within the scope of the present invention. Similarly, the number and arrangement of circuit elements including diodes, capacitors, and switching elements that are appropriately designed by those skilled in the art are included in the scope of the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

Le problème abordé par l'invention est de réaliser un convertisseur bidirectionnel pouvant prendre en charge une grande plage de tensions et de courants d'entrée/sortie et présentant une perte de commutation réduite. La solution selon la présente invention consiste en un convertisseur bidirectionnel qui comporte : un premier circuit connecté à l'enroulement primaire d'un transformateur ; un second circuit connecté à l'enroulement secondaire du transformateur ; et un moyen d'inductance connecté du côté de l'enroulement primaire ou secondaire du transformateur. Quand les éléments commutateurs du second ou du premier circuit du côté de la sortie sont actionnés pour être activés/désactivés, dans une période pendant laquelle un ensemble d'éléments commutateurs du premier ou du second circuit sont tous deux à l'état activé, les éléments commutateurs du second ou du premier circuit qui sont à l'état activé sont désactivés, l'énergie accumulée dans une inductance est transmise au côté de sortie et un élément dans l'ensemble d'éléments commutateurs du premier ou second circuit, lesquels sont tous deux à l'état activé, est d'abord désactivé puis l'autre élément parmi les éléments commutateurs est désactivé.
PCT/JP2013/080887 2013-11-15 2013-11-15 Convertisseur bidirectionnel WO2015072009A1 (fr)

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CN106970560A (zh) * 2017-04-01 2017-07-21 西安特锐德智能充电科技有限公司 一种应用于直流系统中的双向通断电路
WO2019039487A1 (fr) * 2017-08-22 2019-02-28 ダイヤモンド電機株式会社 Convertisseur
CN110663165A (zh) * 2017-05-25 2020-01-07 夏普株式会社 Dc/dc转换器
WO2020225842A1 (fr) * 2019-05-07 2020-11-12 三菱電機株式会社 Convertisseur continu-continu et dispositif de conversion de puissance

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CN110663165B (zh) * 2017-05-25 2021-08-17 夏普株式会社 Dc/dc转换器
CN110663165A (zh) * 2017-05-25 2020-01-07 夏普株式会社 Dc/dc转换器
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CN110999059B (zh) * 2017-08-22 2023-04-18 金刚石捷步拉电机株式会社 转换器
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JP6821052B1 (ja) * 2019-05-07 2021-01-27 三菱電機株式会社 Ｄｃ／ｄｃコンバータ及び電力変換装置
CN113748593A (zh) * 2019-05-07 2021-12-03 三菱电机株式会社 Dc/dc转换器以及电力变换装置
WO2020225842A1 (fr) * 2019-05-07 2020-11-12 三菱電機株式会社 Convertisseur continu-continu et dispositif de conversion de puissance
CN113748593B (zh) * 2019-05-07 2024-02-27 三菱电机株式会社 Dc/dc转换器以及电力变换装置
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