WO2015001871A1 - 非水電解液二次電池及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
非水電解液二次電池及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015001871A1 WO2015001871A1 PCT/JP2014/063941 JP2014063941W WO2015001871A1 WO 2015001871 A1 WO2015001871 A1 WO 2015001871A1 JP 2014063941 W JP2014063941 W JP 2014063941W WO 2015001871 A1 WO2015001871 A1 WO 2015001871A1
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and a method for manufacturing the same. Note that this international application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-139150 filed on July 2, 2013, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. ing.
- Lithium ion secondary batteries and other non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries are becoming increasingly important as power sources for vehicles or for personal computers and mobile terminals.
- a lithium ion secondary battery that is lightweight and obtains a high energy density is preferable as a high-output power source mounted on a vehicle.
- a part of the non-aqueous electrolyte is decomposed during charging, and the decomposition product is formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material (for example, natural graphite particles).
- a film that is, a SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interface) film may be formed.
- the SEI film plays a role of protecting the negative electrode active material, but is formed by consuming charge carriers (for example, lithium ions) in the non-aqueous electrolyte. That is, since the charge carriers are fixed in the SEI film, the charge carriers can no longer contribute to the battery capacity. For this reason, the formation of a large amount of the SEI film causes a decrease in capacity retention rate (deterioration of cycle characteristics).
- Patent Document 1 describes a non-aqueous electrolyte for a secondary battery containing lithium bis (oxalato) borate (Li [B (C 2 O 4 ) 2 ]) as an additive.
- a sodium component for example, sodium salt
- a sodium component is contained as an inevitable impurity in the electrode body of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
- the sodium component is dissolved in the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing lithium bis (oxalato) borate described in Patent Document 1 is injected into the electrode body, sodium ions (Na + ) in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution are [B (C 2 O 4 ). 2] - to spread faster than.
- the electrode body is an electrode body formed by laminating or winding a rectangular positive electrode and negative electrode
- sodium ions tend to gather at the center in the width direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the electrode body. That is, the concentration of sodium ions is high at the center in the width direction.
- [B (C 2 O 4 ) 2 ] ⁇ diffuses into the central portion where the sodium ion concentration is high.
- sodium ions and [B (C 2 O 4 ) 2 ] ⁇ are actively associated, and Na [B (C 2 O 4 ) 2 ] is precipitated. It tends to be.
- the present invention has been created to solve the above-described conventional problems, and the object thereof is to suppress deposition of a substance derived from a charge carrier by forming a film having a preferable aspect on the surface of the negative electrode active material.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and its manufacturing method are provided.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. That is, the manufacturing method disclosed herein includes a step of preparing a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material, wherein at least one of the prepared positive electrode and the negative electrode is an inevitable impurity.
- a sodium (Na) component is contained as the electrode; the electrode containing the sodium (Na) component of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is washed with a non-aqueous electrolyte to remove at least a part of the sodium (Na) component.
- a step of performing a discharge to a predetermined discharge voltage including.
- non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a non-aqueous electrolyte (typically, an electrolyte containing a supporting salt (supporting electrolyte) in a non-aqueous solvent (organic solvent)).
- Battery typically, an electrolyte containing a supporting salt (supporting electrolyte) in a non-aqueous solvent (organic solvent)).
- secondary battery refers to a battery that can be repeatedly charged and discharged, and is a term that includes a so-called chemical battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery and a physical battery such as an electric double layer capacitor.
- sodium (Na) component is a term including a case where sodium exists alone (typically in an ionic state) and a case where it exists as a compound containing Na as a constituent element. is there.
- an electrode containing a sodium (Na) component as an unavoidable impurity of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is washed with the non-aqueous electrolyte, thereby At least a part of the contained sodium (Na) component is removed, an electrode body is produced using the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode after removal, and lithium bis (oxalato) is contained in a battery case containing the produced electrode body.
- the electrode body is produced using the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode after removing at least a part of the sodium (Na) component, the non-aqueous solution containing lithium bis (oxalato) borate in the electrode body.
- the electrolytic solution is impregnated, the sodium component dissolved in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is reduced. Thereby, the raise of the sodium ion concentration in the center part of an electrode body can be suppressed.
- the coating produced on the surface of the negative electrode active material by the decomposition of [B (C 2 O 4 ) 2 ] has a suppressed variation in the coating amount (preferably a uniform coating in the width direction). Can be.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including an electrode body in which variation in the coating amount is suppressed, current is prevented from being concentrated locally during charge and discharge, so that a substance derived from a charge carrier (for example, metallic lithium) Precipitation is suppressed.
- a charge carrier for example, metallic lithium
- C is defined as the dissolution amount [mmol / L] of sodium ions dissolved from the electrode body in the non-aqueous electrolyte to which the lithium bis (oxalato) borate is added.
- the sodium (Na) component is added so that C / D, which is a ratio when the addition amount [mmol / L] of lithium bis (oxalato) borate is D, is less than 0.1. Remove.
- the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode in the removing step, is immersed in a nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing at least a lithium salt, and then no lithium salt is contained.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are washed with a non-aqueous electrolyte. According to this structure, it can suppress that an impurity is contained in the positive electrode after washing
- a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is further prepared, and the removal step is performed on the separator.
- the electrode body is prepared using the separator after the removal step and the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode that have undergone the removal step. According to this configuration, since the electrode body is manufactured using the separator after the sodium (Na) component is removed, the sodium component dissolved in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is reduced. Thereby, the variation in the coating amount in the width direction of the electrode body can be further suppressed.
- a lithium transition metal composite oxide is used as the positive electrode active material. Since lithium transition metal composite oxides tend to contain a large amount of sodium (Na) component as an unavoidable impurity, when impregnated with a non-aqueous electrolyte containing lithium bis (oxalato) borate, Na is formed at the center of the electrode body. [B (C 2 O 4 ) 2 ] can be precipitated in large amounts. For this reason, when a lithium transition metal composite oxide is used, the effect of adopting the configuration of the present invention in which an electrode containing a sodium (Na) component as an inevitable impurity is previously washed with a non-aqueous electrolyte is particularly effective. Can be done.
- styrene butadiene rubber is used as the binder contained in the negative electrode. Since the negative electrode containing styrene butadiene rubber tends to contain a large amount of sodium (Na) component as an unavoidable impurity, when impregnated with a non-aqueous electrolyte containing lithium bis (oxalato) borate, Na is formed at the center of the electrode body. [B (C 2 O 4 ) 2 ] can be precipitated in large amounts.
- the electrode body is an electrode body in which a positive electrode formed in a sheet shape and a negative electrode formed in a sheet shape are overlapped, and the electrode body A wound electrode body wound in the longitudinal direction is used.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is impregnated from the both end portions in the width direction of the wound electrode body toward the center portion. For this reason, the concentration of the sodium component tends to increase at the center of the wound electrode body.
- the effect of adopting the configuration of the present invention in which an electrode containing a sodium (Na) component as an unavoidable impurity is previously washed with a nonaqueous electrolytic solution can be exhibited particularly.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery disclosed here includes an electrode body including a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode mixture layer including at least a negative electrode active material formed on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
- a film containing at least boron (B) and sodium (Na) is formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode mixture layer, and is included in the film per unit area of the negative electrode mixture layer.
- the amount [ ⁇ g / cm 2] and a of natrium (Na), a / B the amount [ ⁇ g / cm 2] is the ratio when the B of boron (B) is less than 0.1.
- a coating containing at least boron and sodium is formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode mixture layer, and the ratio A between the amount A of sodium and the amount B of boron is A. / B is less than 0.1. For this reason, the coating produced on the surface of the negative electrode active material is in a state where variation in the amount of coating is suppressed (preferably in a state where the coating is uniform in the width direction of the electrode body).
- non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including an electrode body in which variation in the coating amount is suppressed, current is prevented from being concentrated locally during charge and discharge, so that a substance derived from a charge carrier (for example, metallic lithium) Precipitation is suppressed.
- a charge carrier for example, metallic lithium
- Such a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery can be suitably manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention described above.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector, and a positive electrode composite material including at least a positive electrode active material formed on a surface of the positive electrode current collector And the positive electrode active material is a lithium transition metal composite oxide.
- the negative electrode includes a binder in the negative electrode mixture layer, and the binder is styrene butadiene rubber.
- the electrode body further includes a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte contains lithium bis (oxalato) borate.
- any non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery disclosed herein or a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery obtained by any of the manufacturing methods disclosed herein.
- the coating containing at least boron and sodium is formed in a preferable state (with little or no variation in coating amount) on the surface of the negative electrode active material, the deposition of a substance derived from the charge carrier (for example, metallic lithium) Can be prevented and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery excellent in battery performance can be obtained.
- a drive power source typically automobiles, particularly automobiles equipped with electric motors such as hybrid cars, electric cars, and fuel cell cars.
- non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries for example, 40 to 80 batteries obtained by any of the manufacturing methods disclosed herein are typically connected in series.
- a vehicle including the battery pack as a driving power source is provided.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing the outer shape of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of a wound electrode body according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining a method of manufacturing a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a side view schematically showing a vehicle (automobile) provided with the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention.
- a method for producing a lithium ion secondary battery will be described in detail as an example. Is not intended to be limited to such types of secondary batteries.
- the present invention can also be applied to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using other metal ions (for example, magnesium ions) as a charge carrier.
- the manufacturing method of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery (lithium ion secondary battery) disclosed herein includes a positive / negative electrode preparation step (S10), a Na component removal step (S20), and an electrode.
- a body production process (S30), an assembly production process (S40), an injection process (S50), and a charge / discharge process (S60) are included.
- the positive and negative electrode preparation step (S10) will be described.
- a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material are prepared.
- the method further includes preparing a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the positive electrode of the lithium ion secondary battery disclosed herein includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture layer including at least a positive electrode active material formed on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode mixture layer may contain an optional component such as a conductive material and a binder (binder) in addition to the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode current collector aluminum or an aluminum alloy mainly composed of aluminum is used as in the case of the positive electrode current collector used for the positive electrode of a conventional lithium ion secondary battery.
- the shape of the positive electrode current collector may vary depending on the shape or the like of the lithium ion secondary battery, and is not particularly limited, and may be various forms such as a foil shape, a sheet shape, a rod shape, and a plate shape.
- the positive electrode active material examples include materials capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions, and include lithium-containing compounds (for example, lithium transition metal composite oxides) containing a lithium element and one or more transition metal elements.
- lithium-containing compounds for example, lithium transition metal composite oxides
- lithium nickel composite oxide for example, LiNiO 2
- lithium cobalt composite oxide for example, LiCoO 2
- lithium manganese composite oxide for example, LiMn 2 O 4
- lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide for example, LiNi 1).
- LiNi 1.1 lithium nickel composite oxide
- LiCoO 2 lithium manganese composite oxide
- LiMn 2 O 4 lithium manganese composite oxide
- a polyanionic compound for example, LiFePO 4 whose general formula is represented by LiMPO 4, LiMVO 4, or Li 2 MSiO 4 (wherein M is at least one element of Co, Ni, Mn, and Fe), etc. 4 , LiMnPO 4 , LiFeVO 4 , LiMnVO 4 , Li 2 FeSiO 4 , Li 2 MnSiO 4 , Li 2 CoSiO 4 ) may be used as the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material may be manufactured by various methods.
- the case where the positive electrode active material is a lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide will be described as an example.
- a hydroxide containing Ni, Co, and Mn at a target molar ratio for example, Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 NiCoMn composite hydroxide represented by Mn 1/3 (OH) 2 is prepared, mixed and fired so that the molar ratio of the hydroxide to the lithium source becomes the target value, thereby lithium nickel cobalt Manganese composite oxide can be obtained.
- the NiCoMn composite hydroxide can be preferably prepared by, for example, a coprecipitation method. The firing is typically performed in an oxidizing atmosphere (for example, in the air).
- the firing temperature is preferably 700 ° C to 1000 ° C.
- the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide produced as described above has a sodium component as an impurity. It tends to contain a large amount of (for example, Na 2 SO 4 ).
- the conductive material is not limited to a specific conductive material as long as it is conventionally used in this type of lithium ion secondary battery.
- carbon materials such as carbon powder and carbon fiber can be used.
- the carbon powder various carbon blacks (for example, acetylene black, furnace black, ketjen black, etc.), carbon powders such as graphite powder can be used.
- acetylene black (AB) is a preferable carbon powder.
- Such conductive materials can be used singly or in appropriate combination of two or more.
- the same binder as that used for the positive electrode of a general lithium ion secondary battery can be appropriately employed.
- a solvent-based paste-like composition a paste-like composition includes a slurry-like composition and an ink-like composition
- a polyfluoride is used as the composition for forming the positive electrode mixture layer.
- Polymer materials that dissolve in an organic solvent (non-aqueous solvent) such as vinylidene chloride (PVDF) and polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) can be used.
- PVDF vinylidene chloride
- PVDC polyvinylidene chloride
- a water-soluble (soluble in water) polymer material or a water-dispersible (water-dispersible) polymer material can be preferably used.
- polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- the polymer material illustrated above may be used as a thickener or other additives in the above composition in addition to being used as a binder.
- the “solvent-based paste composition” is a concept indicating a composition in which the dispersion medium of the positive electrode active material is mainly an organic solvent (non-aqueous solvent).
- organic solvent for example, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) can be used.
- aqueous paste-like composition is a concept indicating a composition using water or a mixed solvent mainly containing water as a dispersion medium of the positive electrode active material.
- a solvent other than water constituting such a mixed solvent one or more organic solvents (lower alcohol, lower ketone, etc.) that can be uniformly mixed with water can be appropriately selected and used.
- the positive electrode disclosed herein can be suitably manufactured, for example, generally by the following procedure.
- a paste-like composition for forming a positive electrode mixture layer is prepared by dispersing, in an organic solvent, the above-described positive electrode active material, conductive material, and a binder that is soluble in an organic solvent.
- the positive electrode produced in this way can contain a sodium (Na) component as an unavoidable impurity.
- the sodium (Na) component as an unavoidable impurity means an element that can be dissolved in the non-aqueous electrolyte. The same applies hereinafter unless otherwise specified.
- the negative electrode of the lithium ion secondary battery disclosed herein includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode mixture layer including at least a negative electrode active material formed on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode mixture layer can contain optional components such as a binder and a thickener as needed in addition to the negative electrode active material.
- a conductive member made of a metal having good conductivity is preferably used, like the current collector used in the negative electrode of a conventional lithium ion secondary battery.
- copper, nickel, or an alloy mainly composed of them can be used.
- the shape of the negative electrode current collector can be the same as the shape of the positive electrode current collector.
- a particulate (or spherical, scale-like) carbon material including a graphite structure (layered structure) at least partially, a lithium transition metal composite oxide (for example, a lithium titanium composite oxide such as Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ), Lithium transition metal composite nitride, etc.
- the carbon material include natural graphite, artificial graphite (artificial graphite), non-graphitizable carbon (hard carbon), graphitizable carbon (soft carbon), and the like.
- the average particle diameter (median diameter d50) of the negative electrode active material is, for example, in the range of about 1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m (usually 5 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m). It can be easily measured by a particle size distribution measuring apparatus based on a scattering method, and the surface of the negative electrode active material may be coated with an amorphous carbon film.
- a negative electrode active material that is at least partially coated with an amorphous carbon film can be obtained by mixing the material with pitch and baking.
- binder those similar to the binder used for the negative electrode of a general lithium ion secondary battery can be appropriately employed.
- a water-soluble polymer material or a water-dispersible polymer material can be preferably used.
- the water dispersible polymer include rubbers such as styrene butadiene rubber (SBR); polyethylene oxide (PEO), vinyl acetate copolymer and the like. Since styrene-butadiene rubber uses sodium hydroxide as a neutralizing agent, it can contain a sodium component as an impurity.
- a water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer can be used as the thickener.
- the water-soluble polymer include cellulose polymers such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), methylcellulose (MC), cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC); polyvinyl alcohol (PVA); .
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- MC methylcellulose
- CAP cellulose acetate phthalate
- HPMC hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- the same materials as those mentioned as the binder can be appropriately employed.
- the negative electrode disclosed here can be suitably manufactured, for example, generally by the following procedure.
- a paste-like composition for forming a negative electrode mixture layer is prepared by dispersing the above-described negative electrode active material and other optional components (binder, thickener, etc.) in an appropriate solvent (for example, water).
- a negative electrode comprising a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode mixture layer formed on the negative electrode current collector by applying the prepared composition to the negative electrode current collector, drying, and then compressing (pressing) the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode produced in this way can contain a sodium (Na) component as an unavoidable impurity.
- a conventionally known separator can be used without particular limitation.
- a porous sheet made of resin a microporous resin sheet
- a porous polyolefin resin sheet such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP) is preferred.
- PE polyethylene
- PP polypropylene
- a PE sheet, a PP sheet, a sheet having a three-layer structure (PP / PE / PP structure) in which PP layers are laminated on both sides of the PE layer, and the like can be suitably used. Since many separators contain a sodium component as a plasticizer, when the separator is impregnated with a non-aqueous electrolyte, the sodium component dissolves in the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the Na component removal step (S20)
- the Na component removing step at least a part of the sodium (Na) component is obtained by washing an electrode containing a sodium (Na) component as an impurity among the positive electrode and the negative electrode with a nonaqueous electrolytic solution. Remove.
- the method further includes removing at least a portion of the sodium (Na) component by washing a separator that includes the sodium (Na) component as an impurity.
- non-aqueous electrolyte a non-aqueous electrolyte obtained by dissolving a supporting salt (typically a lithium salt) in an appropriate organic solvent (non-aqueous solvent) can be used.
- organic solvent aprotic solvents such as carbonates, esters, ethers, nitriles, sulfones and lactones can be used.
- carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) are exemplified.
- Such organic solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the supporting salt for example, LiPF 6, LiClO 4, LiAsF 6, Li (CF 3 SO 2) 2 N, LiBF 4, lithium salts such as LiCF 3 SO 3 is illustrated.
- These supporting salts can be used alone or in combination of two or more. LiPF 6 is particularly preferable.
- Cleaning the electrode and the separator containing the sodium (Na) component as the impurity can be suitably performed, for example, generally by the following procedure.
- an electrode or separator containing a Na component (at least one of a positive electrode and a negative electrode, preferably both a positive electrode and a negative electrode, more preferably all of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator) is added to a suitable non-aqueous electrolyte (for example, EC and DMC).
- EC and DMC suitable non-aqueous electrolyte
- 1 mol / L LiPF 6 dissolved as a lithium salt in a mixed solvent having a volume ratio of 3 to 4: 3 of the catalyst and EMC is immersed for about 10 to 24 hours.
- the electrode or separator is taken out from the non-aqueous electrolyte, and the surface of the electrode or separator is washed with a suitable organic solvent (for example, EMC) and dried.
- a suitable organic solvent for example, EMC
- an electrode body is produced using the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode that have undergone the Na component removal step.
- the electrode body is produced by further using a separator that has undergone the Na component removal step.
- An electrode body (for example, a stacked electrode body or a wound electrode body) of a lithium ion secondary battery disclosed herein includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Yes.
- the positive electrode formed in a sheet shape, the negative electrode formed in a sheet shape, and a wound electrode body (a wound electrode body) including the separator sheet will be described as an example. It is not intended to be limited to.
- FIG. 2 shows a wound electrode body 50 according to the present embodiment.
- the wound electrode body 50 has a sheet-like positive electrode 64 and a sheet-like negative electrode 84 stacked in a longitudinal direction with a total of two long separator sheets 90 interposed therebetween. It is a flat wound electrode body 50 produced by turning and then crushing and ablating the obtained wound body from the side surface direction.
- FIG. 2 shows a wound electrode body 50 according to the present embodiment.
- the wound electrode body 50 has a sheet-like positive electrode 64 and a sheet-like negative electrode 84 stacked in a longitudinal direction with a total of two long separator sheets 90 interposed therebetween. It is a flat wound electrode body 50 produced by turning and then crushing and ablating the obtained wound body from the side surface direction.
- FIG. 1 shows a wound electrode body 50 according to the present embodiment.
- the positive electrode mixture layer non-formed portion of the positive electrode 64 that is, the portion where the positive electrode current collector 62 is exposed without forming the positive electrode mixture layer 66
- the negative electrode composite material layer non-formed portion 84 ie, the portion where the negative electrode current collector layer 82 is not formed and the negative electrode current collector 82 is exposed
- 64 and the negative electrode 84 are overlapped with a slight shift in the width direction. As a result, as shown in FIG.
- the electrode mixture layer non-formed portions 63 and 83 of the positive electrode 64 and the negative electrode 84 are respectively wound core portions (that is, the positive electrode 64
- the positive electrode composite material layer 66, the negative electrode composite material layer 86 of the negative electrode 84, and the two separator sheets 90 are closely wound around).
- a positive electrode terminal 60 (for example, made of aluminum) is joined to the positive electrode mixture layer non-formed portion 63 to electrically connect the positive electrode 64 and the positive electrode terminal 60 of the wound electrode body 50 formed in the flat shape.
- a negative electrode terminal 80 (for example, made of nickel) is joined to the negative electrode mixture layer non-forming portion 83 to electrically connect the negative electrode 84 and the negative electrode terminal 80.
- the positive and negative electrode terminals 60 and 80 and the positive and negative electrode current collectors 62 and 82 can be joined by, for example, ultrasonic welding, resistance welding, or the like.
- non-aqueous electrolyte solution to which lithium bis (oxalato) borate described later is added is injected into an electrode body manufactured using the positive electrode, negative electrode, and separator that have undergone the Na component removal step, non-aqueous electrolysis is performed from the electrode body.
- the dissolution amount [mmol / L] C of sodium ions dissolved in the liquid is, for example, 0.001 mmol / L or less (for example, 0.0001 mmol to 0.001 mmol).
- the battery case 15 of the present embodiment is a battery case made of metal (for example, made of aluminum, and also preferably made of resin or laminate film), and the upper end is open.
- a case body (exterior case) 30 having a flat bottomed box shape (typically a rectangular parallelepiped shape) and a lid body 25 that closes the opening 20 of the case body 30 are provided.
- the lid body 25 is formed with an inlet 45 for injecting a non-aqueous electrolyte described later into the wound electrode body 50 housed in the case body 30 (battery case 15).
- the injection port 45 is sealed with a sealing plug 48 after an injection step (S50) described later.
- the lid 25 is provided with a safety valve 40 for discharging the gas generated inside the battery case 15 to the outside of the battery case 15 when the battery is abnormal. ing.
- the wound electrode body 50 is accommodated in the case main body 30 in a posture in which the wound axis of the wound electrode body 50 is inclined sideways (that is, the direction in which the opening 20 is positioned in the lateral direction with respect to the wound axis). Thereafter, the opening portion 20 of the case body 30 is sealed with the lid body 25, thereby producing the assembly 70.
- the lid 25 and the case body 30 are joined by welding or the like.
- nonaqueous electrolytic solution used in the injection step examples include nonaqueous electrolytic solutions in which a supporting salt is dissolved in an appropriate organic solvent, and the same ones used in the Na component removing step. It is preferable to appropriately employ the same one used in the Na component removal step.
- the concentration of the supporting salt is not particularly limited, but if it is too low, the amount of charge carriers (typically lithium ions) contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte is insufficient, and the ionic conductivity tends to decrease. On the other hand, if the concentration is extremely high, the viscosity of the non-aqueous electrolyte increases in a temperature range below room temperature (for example, 0 ° C.
- the concentration of the supporting salt is, for example, 0.1 mol / L or more (for example, 0.8 mol / L or more) and preferably 2 mol / L or less (for example, 1.5 mol / L or less).
- the addition amount D of lithium bis (oxalato) borate is appropriately determined depending on the configuration of the electrode body (for example, the composite density of the negative electrode composite layer, the porosity of the negative electrode composite layer, etc.).
- the amount of sodium ion dissolved [mmol / L] dissolved from the above electrode body in the non-aqueous electrolyte to which lithium bis (oxalato) borate was added is C, and the amount of lithium bis (oxalato) borate added [mmol / L
- the above Na so that C / D which is a ratio when L] is D is smaller than 0.1 (usually 0.0001 or more and 0.05 or less, for example 0.0001 or more and 0.007 or less). It is preferable to remove the sodium (Na) component from the electrode and separator containing the Na component in the component removal step.
- the assembly 70 is charged to a predetermined charging voltage, thereby forming a film derived from lithium bis (oxalato) borate on the surface of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode mixture layer 86.
- the assembly 70 is charged at a charging rate of approximately 0.1 C to 1 C to at least a predetermined voltage (for example, 3.7 V to 4.1 V) at which the LiBOB is decomposed.
- a predetermined voltage for example, 3.7 V to 4.1 V
- [B (C 2 O 4 ) 2 ] dispersed well in the width direction of the electrode body is decomposed, and the coating derived from [B (C 2 O 4 ) 2 ] is in the negative electrode mixture layer 86.
- It is formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material in a preferable state that is, a film formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material in the width direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the negative electrode mixture layer 86 is a state in which unevenness of the coating amount is suppressed).
- the battery is discharged to a predetermined voltage (for example, 3 V to 3.2 V) at a discharge rate of about 0.1 C to 1 C. Moreover, it is preferable to repeat the said charging / discharging several times (for example, 3 times).
- a usable battery that is, a lithium ion secondary battery (non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery) 10.
- “1C” means the amount of current that can charge the battery capacity (Ah) predicted from the theoretical capacity of the positive electrode in one hour.
- lithium ion secondary battery (nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery) 10 manufactured by the manufacturing method disclosed herein will be described.
- the lithium ion secondary battery 10 includes a stacked or wound electrode body 50 (here, a wound electrode body) 50 including a positive electrode 64 and a negative electrode 84, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. And.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of this embodiment LiBOB that was not decomposed in the charge / discharge step remains, but in the charge / discharge step, all of LiBOB is decomposed and LiBOB remains in the non-aqueous electrolyte. You don't have to.
- the negative electrode 84 includes a negative electrode current collector 82, and a negative electrode mixture layer 86 including at least a negative electrode active material (for example, natural graphite particles) formed on the surface of the negative electrode current collector 82, It has.
- a film that is derived from the LiBOB and includes at least boron (B) and sodium (Na) is formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode mixture layer 86.
- A the amount of sodium (Na) contained in the coating per unit area of the negative-electrode mixture layer 86 [ ⁇ g / cm 2]
- B the amount of boron (B) and B
- the ratio A / B is smaller than 0.1 (usually 0.0001 or more and 0.05 or less, for example 0.0001 or more and 0.039 or less).
- a / B is typically measured based on the coating film per unit area including the center of the negative electrode mixture layer 86 in the width direction.
- the amount of sodium (Na) contained in the coating per unit area of the negative electrode mixture layer 86 is, for example, 10 ⁇ g / cm 2 (for example, 7 ⁇ g / cm 2 ) or less.
- the amount of sodium (Na) contained in the coating [ ⁇ g / cm 2 ] and the amount of boron (B) [ ⁇ g / cm 2 ] were analyzed by ICP (high frequency inductively coupled plasma) emission analysis, ion chromatography, etc. Can be grasped by doing. Further, the variation in the coating amount formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material can be grasped from the analysis result of mapping data by TOF-SIMS (time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer).
- ICP high frequency inductively coupled plasma
- the coating formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode mixture layer Contained a large amount of sodium, and a film containing sodium was locally generated in a large amount in the central portion of the negative electrode mixture layer.
- the coating formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode mixture layer 86 of the lithium ion secondary battery 10 disclosed here contains only a small amount of sodium.
- the unevenness of the film is small in the width direction (in the preferred embodiment, the film is uniformly formed along the width direction).
- the lithium ion secondary battery (nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery) 10 showing a high capacity retention rate can be obtained.
- the weight ratio with respect to Kureha Co., Ltd. was 90: 8: 2 was 90: 2, and these materials were dispersed in NMP to prepare a paste-like composition for forming a positive electrode mixture layer.
- This composition was applied to a positive electrode current collector (aluminum foil) having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m.
- the composition is dried in a vacuum at 120 ° C. for 6 hours, and subjected to a rolling process using a roll press, thereby producing a positive electrode sheet A having a positive electrode mixture layer formed on the positive electrode current collector.
- the coating amount of the composition was adjusted so that the theoretical capacity of the positive electrode was 350 mAh.
- the length of the positive electrode sheet A in the longitudinal direction was 50 cm, and the length in the width direction was 5.4 cm.
- ⁇ Positive electrode sheet B> The positive electrode sheet A produced above was washed to remove sodium components as impurities (Na component removal step). That is, the positive electrode sheet A was immersed in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution A for 24 hours.
- As the non-aqueous electrolyte A 1 mol / L LiPF 6 was dissolved in a mixed solvent having a volume ratio of ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) of 3: 4: 3. I used something. Thereafter, the positive electrode sheet A was taken out from the nonaqueous electrolytic solution A, washed with EMC three times and dried. The positive electrode sheet A after washing was designated as a positive electrode sheet B.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- a positive electrode sheet C was produced in the same manner as the positive electrode sheet A except that was used.
- ⁇ Positive electrode sheet D> In the same manner as the positive electrode sheet B, the produced positive electrode sheet C was washed to remove sodium components as impurities. The positive electrode sheet C after washing was designated as a positive electrode sheet D.
- ⁇ Positive electrode sheet E> The same as the positive electrode sheet A except that LiMn 2 O 4 (manufactured by Toda Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was used instead of LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (manufactured by Toda Kogyo Co., Ltd.) as the positive electrode active material. Thus, a positive electrode sheet E was produced.
- ⁇ Positive electrode sheet F> In the same manner as the positive electrode sheet B, the produced positive electrode sheet E was washed to remove sodium components as impurities. The positive electrode sheet E after washing was designated as a positive electrode sheet F.
- the coating amount of the composition was adjusted so that the ratio between the theoretical capacity of the positive electrode and the theoretical capacity of the negative electrode was 1 (positive electrode): 1.8 (negative electrode).
- the length of the negative electrode sheet A in the longitudinal direction was 52 cm, and the length in the width direction was 5.6 cm.
- ⁇ Negative electrode sheet B> In the same manner as the positive electrode sheet B, the above-prepared negative electrode sheet A was washed to remove sodium components as impurities. The negative electrode sheet A after washing was designated as negative electrode sheet B.
- a negative electrode sheet C was prepared in the same manner as the negative electrode sheet A except that natural graphite particles (manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) were used instead of the spherical graphite particles (manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) as the negative electrode active material.
- ⁇ Negative electrode sheet D> In the same manner as the positive electrode sheet B, the prepared negative electrode sheet C was washed to remove sodium components as impurities. The negative electrode sheet C after washing was designated as a negative electrode sheet D.
- the dissolution amount (Na + dissolution amount) [mmol / L] of sodium ions dissolved in the non-aqueous electrolyte A from the positive electrode sheet A produced above was measured.
- the positive electrode sheet A was immersed in 5 ml of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution A for 24 hours. After immersion for 24 hours, the non-aqueous electrolyte A is filtered through a 0.2 ⁇ m microporous membrane filter, and the amount of sodium ions dissolved in the non-aqueous electrolyte A by ICP (high frequency inductively coupled plasma) emission analysis was measured.
- ICP high frequency inductively coupled plasma
- the amount of dissolved sodium ions was 0.0003 mmol / L or less, and it was confirmed that the sodium component as an impurity was almost removed. Further, from the positive electrode sheets A, C, and E, it was confirmed that the amount of sodium ions dissolved in the non-aqueous electrolyte differs when the positive electrode active material to be used is different. That is, it was confirmed that the sodium component contained in the positive electrode sheet differs depending on the positive electrode active material used. Similarly, from the negative electrode sheets A and C, it was confirmed that the amount of sodium ions dissolved in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution was different when the negative electrode active material used was different.
- Example 1 [Production of lithium ion secondary battery (non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery)] ⁇ Example 1>
- the positive electrode mixture layer was peeled 5 cm in the longitudinal direction from one end in the longitudinal direction of the positive electrode sheet B to expose the positive electrode current collector, and an aluminum positive electrode terminal was ultrasonically welded to the exposed positive electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode mixture layer was peeled 2 cm in the longitudinal direction from one end in the longitudinal direction of the negative electrode sheet B to expose the negative electrode current collector, and a nickel negative electrode terminal was attached to the exposed negative electrode current collector by ultrasonic welding.
- the positive electrode sheet B and the negative electrode sheet B to which each terminal was attached were wound through two separator sheets B to prepare a wound electrode body (electrode body manufacturing step).
- the electrode assembly was housed in a cylindrical stainless steel battery case to produce an assembly according to Example 1 (assembly preparation step).
- LiBOB lithium bis (oxalato) borate
- injection step 3.7 ml of a non-aqueous electrolyte to which lithium bis (oxalato) borate (LiBOB) was added was injected into the battery case of the assembly according to Example 1 (injection step).
- the addition amount D of LiBOB was 0.074 mmol / L.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte a solution in which 1.1 mol / L LiPF 6 was dissolved in a mixed solvent having a volume ratio of EC, DMC, and EMC of 3: 4: 3 was used. After the injection, charging / discharging of the assembly according to Example 1 was repeated 5 cycles.
- the charge / discharge conditions for one cycle are: charge at a constant current and constant voltage up to 4.1 V at a charge rate of 0.2 C (70 mA) under a temperature condition of 25 ° C., and after a pause of 10 minutes, 0.2 C (70 mA)
- the battery was discharged at a constant current up to 3 V at a discharge rate of 10 minutes and rested for 10 minutes. (Preliminary charging process).
- the lithium ion secondary battery which concerns on Example 1 provided with the negative electrode by which the film derived from lithium bis (oxalato) borate was formed in the surface of a negative electrode active material was produced.
- Example 2 to Example 11 As shown in Tables 2 and 3, the lithium ion secondary batteries according to Examples 2 to 11 were used in Example 1 using the positive electrode sheets A to F, the negative electrode sheets A to D, and the separator sheets A and B. It was produced in the same manner as the lithium ion secondary battery according to the above.
- Na + dissolution amount C is the total value of Na + dissolution amount of each sheet.
- the amount of coating in the width direction of the negative electrode sheet was small because the Na + dissolution amount C was small relative to the amount of LiBOB added. There was no variation. As a result, since current was prevented from being concentrated locally during charging / discharging, precipitation of metallic lithium in the central portion in the width direction of the negative electrode sheet was not confirmed. In the lithium ion secondary batteries according to Examples 1 to 5, it was confirmed that the deposition rate of metal lithium was suppressed, so that the capacity retention rate was kept high. In particular, it was confirmed that the lithium ion secondary battery according to Example 1 has a high capacity retention rate.
- the Na + dissolution amount C is larger than the amount of LiBOB added (C / D ⁇ 0.229), so the coating amount in the width direction of the negative electrode sheet There was a variation. As a result, it was confirmed that metallic lithium was deposited on the surface of the negative electrode sheet. It was confirmed that the capacity retention rate was also reduced because metallic lithium was deposited. From the above, when C / D (Na + dissolution amount C / LiBOB addition amount D) is smaller than 0.1 (usually 0.05 or less, for example 0.07 or less), in the lithium ion secondary battery, It was confirmed that precipitation of metallic lithium was suppressed and a high capacity retention rate was realized.
- the coating amount did not vary in the width direction of the negative electrode sheet, and the amount of sodium in the coating was less than the amount of boron in the coating.
- the lithium ion secondary battery according to Example 6 it was confirmed that metallic lithium was deposited and the capacity retention rate was low. In such a battery, the coating amount varied in the width direction of the negative electrode sheet, and the amount of sodium in the coating was larger than the amount of boron in the coating.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention or the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery obtained by the manufacturing method is particularly excellent in vehicles such as automobiles because the deposition of substances derived from charge carriers is suppressed and the capacity retention rate is excellent. It can be suitably used as a power source for a motor (electric motor) mounted on the motor. Therefore, as schematically shown in FIG. 5, the present invention provides a vehicle (typically) having such a lithium ion secondary battery 10 (typically, a battery pack 200 formed by connecting a plurality of such batteries 10 in series) as a power source. Is provided with an automobile, particularly an automobile equipped with an electric motor such as a hybrid vehicle, an electric vehicle, and a fuel vehicle.
- an electric motor such as a hybrid vehicle, an electric vehicle, and a fuel vehicle.
- Lithium ion secondary battery non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery
- Battery Case Opening 25 Lid
- Case Body Safety Valve 45 Inlet 48 Sealing Plug 50 Winding Electrode Body 60
- Positive Terminal 62
- Positive Electrode Current Collector 63
- Positive Electrode Mixing Layer Non-Forming Portion 64
- Positive Electrode 66
- Positive Electrode Mixing Layer 70
- Assembly 80
- Negative electrode terminal 82
- Negative electrode current collector 83
- Negative electrode composite material layer non-formed portion 84
- Negative electrode 86 Negative electrode composite material layer 90 Separator sheet 100 Vehicle (automobile) 200 batteries
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Abstract
Description
なお、本国際出願は2013年7月2日に出願された日本国特許出願第2013-139150号に基づく優先権を主張しており、その出願の全内容は本明細書中に参照として組み入れられている。
また、本明細書において「二次電池」とは、繰り返し充放電可能な電池一般をいい、リチウムイオン二次電池等のいわゆる化学電池ならびに電気二重層キャパシタ等の物理電池を包含する用語である。
また、本明細書において「ナトリウム(Na)成分」とは、ナトリウム単独(典型的にはイオンの状態)で存在する場合と、構成元素としてNaを含む化合物として存在する場合とを包含する用語である。
このように、ナトリウム(Na)成分の少なくとも一部が除去された後の正極及び/又は負極を用いて電極体を作製しているため、該電極体にリチウムビス(オキサラト)ボレートを含む非水電解液を含浸させた場合、非水電解液中に溶解するナトリウム成分は減少する。これにより、電極体の中央部におけるナトリウムイオン濃度の上昇を抑制することができる。電極体の中央部では、Na[B(C2O4)2]の析出が抑制され、電極体の幅方向において[B(C2O4)2]が良好に分散([B(C2O4)2]-の状態で溶解或いはNa[B(C2O4)2]の状態で溶解)する。このため、[B(C2O4)2]の分解によって負極活物質の表面に生成される被膜は、その被膜量のバラツキが抑制された状態(好ましくは幅方向に被膜が均一な状態)となり得る。被膜量のバラツキが抑制された電極体を備える非水電解液二次電池では、充放電時に電流が局所的に集中することが防止されるため、電荷担体に由来する物質(例えば金属リチウム)の析出が抑制される。
かかる構成によると、非水電解液中でナトリウムイオンと[B(C2O4)2]-とが会合しないか、或いは会合してもNa[B(C2O4)2]として非水電解液中で溶解する。このため、電極体の中央部ではNa[B(C2O4)2]の析出が抑制され、電極体の幅方向において[B(C2O4)2]が良好な状態で分散するので、B[(C2O4)2]の分解によって生成される被膜は、その被膜量のバラツキが抑制された状態(好ましくは幅方向に被膜が均一な状態)となり得る。
かかる構成によると、洗浄後の正極及び洗浄後の負極、若しくは洗浄後の正極又は洗浄後の負極に不純物が含まれることを抑制することができる。
かかる構成によると、ナトリウム(Na)成分が除去された後のセパレータを用いて電極体を作製しているため、非水電解液中に溶解するナトリウム成分は減少する。これにより、電極体の幅方向において被膜量のバラツキがさらに抑制された状態となり得る。
リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物は、不可避的な不純物としてナトリウム(Na)成分を多く含む傾向にあるため、リチウムビス(オキサラト)ボレートを含む非水電解液に含浸させると、電極体の中央部にNa[B(C2O4)2]が多量に析出し得る。このため、リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を用いた場合、不可避的な不純物としてナトリウム(Na)成分を含む電極を非水電解液で予め洗浄するという本発明の構成を採用することによる効果が特に発揮され得る。
スチレンブタジエンゴムを含む負極は、不可避的な不純物としてナトリウム(Na)成分を多く含む傾向にあるため、リチウムビス(オキサラト)ボレートを含む非水電解液に含浸させると、電極体の中央部にNa[B(C2O4)2]が多量に析出し得る。このため、スチレンブタジエンゴムを用いた場合、不可避的な不純物としてナトリウム(Na)成分を含む電極を非水電解液で予め洗浄するという本発明の構成を採用することによる効果が特に発揮され得る。
かかる構成の捲回電極体では、捲回電極体の幅方向の両端部から中央部に向けて非水電解液が含浸する。このため捲回電極体の中央部ではナトリウム成分の濃度が高くなる傾向にある。従って、捲回電極体を用いた場合、不可避的な不純物としてナトリウム(Na)成分を含む電極を非水電解液で予め洗浄するという本発明の構成を採用することによる効果が特に発揮され得る。
まず、正負極準備工程(S10)について説明する。本実施形態においては、正負極準備工程として、正極活物質を含む正極及び負極活物質を含む負極を準備する。好適な一実施形態においては、上記正極と上記負極との間に配置されるセパレータをさらに準備することを包含する。
また、一般式がLiMPO4或いはLiMVO4或いはLi2MSiO4(式中のMはCo、Ni、Mn、Feのうちの少なくとも一種以上の元素)等で表記されるようなポリアニオン系化合物(例えばLiFePO4、LiMnPO4、LiFeVO4、LiMnVO4、Li2FeSiO4、Li2MnSiO4、Li2CoSiO4)を上記正極活物質として用いてもよい。
次に、Na成分除去工程(S20)について説明する。本実施形態においては、Na成分除去工程として、上記正極及び上記負極のうち不純物としてのナトリウム(Na)成分を含む電極を非水電解液で洗浄することによって、ナトリウム(Na)成分の少なくとも一部を除去する。好適な一実施においては、不純物としてのナトリウム(Na)成分を含むセパレータを洗浄することによって、ナトリウム(Na)成分の少なくとも一部を除去することをさらに包含する。
また、上記支持塩としては、例えば、LiPF6、LiClO4、LiAsF6、Li(CF3SO2)2N、LiBF4、LiCF3SO3等のリチウム塩が例示される。かかる支持塩は、一種のみを単独で、または二種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。特にLiPF6が好ましい。
次に、電極体作製工程(S30)について説明する。本実施形態においては、Na成分除去工程を経た正極及び/又は負極を用いて電極体を作製する。好適な一実施形態においては、Na成分除去工程を経たセパレータをさらに用いて電極体を作製する。
ここで開示されるリチウムイオン二次電池の電極体(例えば積層型の電極体或いは捲回型の電極体)は、正極と、負極と、正極及び負極の間に介在されたセパレータとを備えている。ここでは、シート状に形成された上記正極と、シート状に形成された上記負極と、上記セパレータシートを備える捲回型の電極体(捲回電極体)を例にして説明するが、かかる形態に限定することを意図したものではない。
上記積層の際には、図3に示すように、正極64の正極合材層非形成部分(即ち正極合材層66が形成されずに正極集電体62が露出した部分)63と、負極84の負極合材層非形成部分(即ち負極合材層86が形成されずに負極集電体82が露出した部分)83と、がセパレータシート90の幅方向の両側からそれぞれはみ出すように、正極64と負極84とを幅方向にややずらして重ね合わせる。その結果、図2に示すように、捲回電極体50の捲回方向に対する横方向において、正極64および負極84の電極合材層非形成部分63,83がそれぞれ捲回コア部分(すなわち正極64の正極合材層66と負極84の負極合材層86と二枚のセパレータシート90とが密に捲回された部分)から外方にはみ出ている。かかる正極合材層非形成部分63に正極端子60(例えばアルミニウム製)を接合して、上記扁平形状に形成された捲回電極体50の正極64と正極端子60とを電気的に接続する。同様に負極合材層非形成部分83に負極端子80(例えばニッケル製)を接合して、負極84と負極端子80とを電気的に接続する。なお、正負極端子60,80と正負極集電体62,82とは、例えば、超音波溶接、抵抗溶接等によりそれぞれ接合することができる。
次に、組立体作製工程(S40)について説明する。本実施形態においては、上記作製された電極体50を電池ケース15内に収容して組立体70を作製する。
次に、注入工程(S50)について説明する。本実施形態においては、注入工程として、リチウムビス(オキサラト)ボレート(Li[B(C2O4)2])(以下、「LiBOB」と略称することがある。)が添加された非水電解液を電池ケース内に注入する。
次に、充放電工程(S60)について説明する。本実施形態においては、組立体70に対して所定の充電電圧まで充電を行うことによって、リチウムビス(オキサラト)ボレート由来の被膜を負極合材層86中の負極活物質の表面に形成する。
<正極シートA>
正極活物質としてのLiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(戸田工業株式会社製)と、導電材としてのCB(電気化学工業株式会社製)と、結着剤としてのPVDF(株式会社クレハ製)との質量比が90:8:2となるように秤量し、これら材料をNMPに分散させてペースト状の正極合材層形成用組成物を調製した。かかる組成物を厚さ15μmの正極集電体(アルミニウム箔)に塗布した。その後、該組成物を120℃の真空中で6時間乾燥させて、ロールプレス機を用いて圧延処理を施すことによって、正極集電体上に正極合材層が形成された正極シートAを作製した(正極準備工程)。正極の理論容量が350mAhとなるように上記組成物の塗布量を調整した。正極シートAの長手方向の長さを50cm、幅方向の長さを5.4cmとした。
上記作製した正極シートAを洗浄することによって不純物としてのナトリウム成分を除去した(Na成分除去工程)。即ち、正極シートAを非水電解液Aに24時間浸漬した。非水電解液Aとしては、エチレンカーボネート(EC)とジメチルカーボネート(DMC)とエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)との体積比が3:4:3の混合溶媒に1mol/LのLiPF6を溶解させたものを使用した。その後、正極シートAを非水電解液Aから取り出して、EMCで3回洗浄して乾燥させた。洗浄後の正極シートAを正極シートBとした。
正極活物質としてのLiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(戸田工業株式会社製)の代わりにLiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2(戸田工業株式会社製)を用いた他は正極シートAと同様にして、正極シートCを作製した。
正極シートBと同様にして、上記作製した正極シートCを洗浄することによって不純物としてのナトリウム成分を除去した。洗浄後の正極シートCを正極シートDとした。
正極活物質としてのLiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(戸田工業株式会社製)の代わりにLiMn2O4(戸田工業株式会社製)を用いた他は正極シートAと同様にして、正極シートEを作製した。
正極シートBと同様にして、上記作製した正極シートEを洗浄することによって不純物としてのナトリウム成分を除去した。洗浄後の正極シートEを正極シートFとした。
<負極シートA>
負極活物質としての球状黒鉛粒子(日立化成工業株式会社製)と、結着剤としてのSBR(JSR株式会社製)と、増粘剤としてのCMCとの質量比が98.6:0.7:0.7となるように秤量し、これら材料を水に分散させてペースト状の負極合材層形成用組成物を調製した。かかる組成物を厚さ10μmの負極集電体(銅箔)に塗布した。その後、該組成物を120℃の真空中で6時間乾燥させて、ロールプレス機を用いて圧延処理を施すことによって、負極集電体上に負極合材層が形成された負極シートAを作製した(負極準備工程)。正極の理論容量と負極の理論容量との比率が1(正極):1.8(負極)となるように上記組成物の塗布量を調整した。負極シートAの長手方向の長さを52cm、幅方向の長さを5.6cmとした。
正極シートBと同様にして、上記作製した負極シートAを洗浄することによって不純物としてのナトリウム成分を除去した。洗浄後の負極シートAを負極シートBとした。
負極活物質としての球状黒鉛粒子(日立化成工業株式会社製)の代わりに天然黒鉛粒子(日立化成工業株式会社製)を用いた他は負極シートAと同様にして、負極シートCを作製した。
正極シートBと同様にして、上記作製した負極シートCを洗浄することによって不純物としてのナトリウム成分を除去した。洗浄後の負極シートCを負極シートDとした。
<セパレータシートA>
厚み20μmのポリエチレン製の微多孔質樹脂シートをセパレータシートAとして準備した。
正極シートBと同様にして、上記準備したセパレータシートAを洗浄することによって不純物としてのナトリウム成分を除去した。洗浄後のセパレータシートAをセパレータシートBとした。
次に、上記作製した正極シートAから非水電解液A中に溶解するナトリウムイオンの溶解量(Na+溶解量)[mmol/L]を測定した。正極シートAを、5mlの非水電解液Aに24時間浸漬した。24時間の浸漬の後、非水電解液Aを0.2μmの微多孔膜フィルターでろ過し、ICP(高周波誘導結合プラズマ)発光分析によって非水電解液A中に溶解しているナトリウムイオンの量を測定した。同様にして、正極シートB~F、負極シートA~D、及びセパレータシートA、Bについて、各シートから非水電解液A中に溶解するナトリウムイオンの溶解量(Na+溶解量)[mmol/L]を測定した。測定結果を表1に示す。
<例1>
正極シートBの長手方向の一端から正極合材層を長手方向に5cm剥離して正極集電体を露出させ、該露出した正極集電体にアルミニウム製の正極端子を超音波溶接して取り付けた。負極シートBの長手方向の一端から負極合材層を長手方向に2cm剥離して負極集電体を露出させ、該露出した負極集電体にニッケル製の負極端子を超音波溶接して取り付けた。各端子を取り付けた正極シートB及び負極シートBを、2枚のセパレータシートBを介して捲回し捲回電極体を作製した(電極体作製工程)。該電極体を円筒型のステンレス鋼製の電池ケース内に収容して例1に係る組立体を作製した(組立体準備工程)。
表2及び表3に示すように、正極シートA~Fと、負極シートA~Dと、及びセパレータシートA、Bとを用いて、例2~例11に係るリチウムイオン二次電池を例1に係るリチウムイオン二次電池と同様にして作製した。なお、表2及び表3において、Na+溶解量Cとは、各シートのNa+溶解量の合計値である。
上記作製した例1~例11に係るリチウムイオン二次電池について、充放電を1000サイクル繰り返し1000サイクル後の容量維持率[%]を求めた。即ち、0℃の温度条件下、10C(3.5A)の充電レートで4.1Vまで定電流定電圧で充電する操作と、10C(3.5A)の放電レートで3.0Vまで定電流で放電する操作を1000回繰り返した。1サイクル後の放電容量(初期容量)に対する、1000サイクル後の放電容量の割合((1000サイクル後の放電容量/初期容量)×100(%))を容量維持率(%)として算出した。測定結果を表2及び表3に示す。
また、上記例1及び例6に係るリチウムイオン二次電池において、負極合材層中の負極活物質の表面に形成された被膜中のナトリウム(Na)及びホウ素(B)をICP(高周波誘導結合プラズマ)発光分析によって分析した。具体的には、長手方向の長さ15cm、幅方向の長さ5.4cmの各負極合材層の単位面積当たりの被膜に含まれるナトリウム(Na)の量[μg/cm2]と、単位面積当たりの被膜に含まれるホウ素(B)の量[μg/cm2]とを測定した。測定結果を表4に示す。
15 電池ケース
20 開口部
25 蓋体
30 ケース本体
40 安全弁
45 注入口
48 封止栓
50 捲回電極体
60 正極端子
62 正極集電体
63 正極合材層非形成部分
64 正極
66 正極合材層
70 組立体
80 負極端子
82 負極集電体
83 負極合材層非形成部分
84 負極
86 負極合材層
90 セパレータシート
100 車両(自動車)
200 組電池
Claims (12)
- 非水電解液二次電池であって、
正極及び負極を含む電極体と、非水電解液と、を備えており、
前記負極は、負極集電体と、該負極集電体の表面上に形成された少なくとも負極活物質を含む負極合材層と、を備えており、
前記負極合材層中の前記負極活物質の表面には、ホウ素(B)とナトリウム(Na)とを少なくとも含む被膜が形成されており、
前記負極合材層の単位面積当たりの前記被膜に含まれるナトリウム(Na)の量[μg/cm2]をAとし、ホウ素(B)の量[μg/cm2]をBとしたときの比であるA/Bは、0.1よりも小さい、非水電解液二次電池。 - 前記正極は、正極集電体と、該正極集電体の表面上に形成された少なくとも正極活物質を含む正極合材層と、を備えており、
前記正極活物質は、リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物である、請求項1に記載の非水電解液二次電池。 - 前記負極は、前記負極合材層中に結着剤を含んでおり、前記結着剤は、スチレンブタジエンゴムである、請求項1又は2に記載の非水電解液二次電池。
- 前記電極体は、前記正極と前記負極との間に配置されたセパレータをさらに備えている、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解液二次電池。
- 前記非水電解液は、リチウムビス(オキサラト)ボレートを含む、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解液二次電池。
- 非水電解液二次電池を製造する方法であって、
正極活物質を含む正極及び負極活物質を含む負極を準備する工程、ここで、準備した前記正極及び前記負極のうち少なくともいずれか一方には不可避的な不純物としてナトリウム(Na)成分が含まれている;
前記正極及び前記負極のうち前記ナトリウム(Na)成分を含む電極を非水電解液で洗浄して、前記ナトリウム(Na)成分の少なくとも一部を除去する工程;
前記除去工程を経た正極及び/又は負極を用いて電極体を作製する工程;
前記電極体が電池ケース内に収容された組立体を作製する工程;
リチウムビス(オキサラト)ボレートが添加された非水電解液を前記電池ケース内に注入する工程;
前記組立体に対して所定の充電電圧まで充電を行った後、所定の放電電圧まで放電を行う工程;
を包含する、非水電解液二次電池の製造方法。 - 前記リチウムビス(オキサラト)ボレートが添加された非水電解液中に前記電極体から溶解するナトリウムイオンの溶解量[mmol/L]をCとし、前記リチウムビス(オキサラト)ボレートの添加量[mmol/L]をDとしたときの比であるC/Dが0.1よりも小さくなるように、前記除去工程において前記ナトリウム(Na)成分を除去する、請求項6に記載の製造方法。
- 前記除去工程では、リチウム塩を少なくとも含む非水電解液中に前記正極及び/又は前記負極を浸漬させた後、リチウム塩を含まない非水電解液を用いて該正極及び該負極を洗浄する、請求項6又は7に記載の製造方法。
- 前記準備工程において、前記正極と前記負極との間に配置されるセパレータをさらに準備し、該セパレータに対して前記除去工程を実施し、該除去工程後のセパレータと、前記除去工程を経た正極及び/又は負極とを用いて前記電極体を作製する、請求項6から8のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記正極活物質として、リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を用いる、請求項6から9のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記負極に含まれる結着剤としてスチレンブタジエンゴムを用いる、請求項6から10のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記電極体として、シート状に形成された正極とシート状に形成された負極とが重ね合わされた電極体であって該電極体の長手方向に捲回された捲回電極体を用いる、請求項6から11のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
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2013
- 2013-07-02 JP JP2013139150A patent/JP2015011969A/ja not_active Withdrawn
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2014
- 2014-05-27 US US14/392,275 patent/US20160294006A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-05-27 KR KR1020167002496A patent/KR20160027088A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2014-05-27 WO PCT/JP2014/063941 patent/WO2015001871A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2014-05-27 CN CN201480037129.8A patent/CN105340121A/zh active Pending
- 2014-05-27 EP EP14820014.0A patent/EP3018751A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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US9437902B2 (en) | 2012-09-07 | 2016-09-06 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of manufacturing nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
WO2021039241A1 (ja) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-03-04 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | リチウム二次電池 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3018751A1 (en) | 2016-05-11 |
EP3018751A4 (en) | 2016-06-22 |
CN105340121A (zh) | 2016-02-17 |
KR20160027088A (ko) | 2016-03-09 |
US20160294006A1 (en) | 2016-10-06 |
JP2015011969A (ja) | 2015-01-19 |
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