WO2014185495A1 - タイヤトレッド用ゴム組成物および空気入りタイヤ - Google Patents
タイヤトレッド用ゴム組成物および空気入りタイヤ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014185495A1 WO2014185495A1 PCT/JP2014/062967 JP2014062967W WO2014185495A1 WO 2014185495 A1 WO2014185495 A1 WO 2014185495A1 JP 2014062967 W JP2014062967 W JP 2014062967W WO 2014185495 A1 WO2014185495 A1 WO 2014185495A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/54—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K5/541—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen
- C08K5/5415—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen containing at least one Si—O bond
- C08K5/5419—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen containing at least one Si—O bond containing at least one Si—C bond
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
- B60C1/0016—Compositions of the tread
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G81/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers
- C08G81/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers at least one of the polymers being obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L87/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds, obtained otherwise than by polymerisation reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L9/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rubber composition for a tire tread and a pneumatic tire.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a rubber composition containing a conjugated diene rubber having an isoprene block. According to Patent Document 1, it is described that by using the above composition, the affinity between silica and rubber is improved, and the low heat build-up (low rolling resistance) and wet grip properties of the tire can be improved. ing.
- the rubber composition for tire tread is required to have a low viscosity at the storage stage. That is, excellent workability is required.
- the present invention provides a tire tread rubber composition excellent in wet performance, low rolling resistance and abrasion resistance when processed into a tire, and a pneumatic tire using the same for a tire tread.
- the issue is to provide.
- the present inventors have determined that when a tire is formed by using a rubber component containing a specific amount of a specific conjugated diene rubber, a specific silica, and a specific alkylsilane, the wet performance is achieved.
- the present inventors have found that a rubber composition for tire treads excellent in low rolling resistance and wear resistance and excellent in workability can be obtained, leading to the present invention. That is, it has been found that the above problem can be solved by the following configuration.
- the used pneumatic tire can be provided.
- the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) is a conjugated diene polymer chain having an isoprene block containing 70% by mass or more of isoprene units at one end and an active end at the other end.
- the modifier (a2) has an epoxy group and / or a hydrocarbyloxysilyl group, and the total number of the epoxy group and the hydrocarbyloxy group contained in the hydrocarbyloxysilyl group is 3 or more. It is an agent.
- the rubber composition of the present invention uses a predetermined amount of a conjugated diene rubber (A) containing a predetermined amount of the structure (a) described later, silica (B), and alkyltriethoxysilane (C). It is considered that the rubber composition for a tire tread exhibiting excellent properties in terms of wet performance, low rolling resistance, wear resistance, and processability.
- A conjugated diene rubber
- B silica
- C alkyltriethoxysilane
- the dispersibility is excellent. This can also be inferred from the fact that wet performance and low rolling resistance are hardly improved when dimethyldiethoxysilane is blended (see Comparative Example 10 described later).
- the dispersibility of silica (B) is improved and the plastic effect of the conjugated diene rubber (A) is moderately enhanced. It is considered to show wear resistance. This is because the wear resistance is inferior when the content of alkyltriethoxysilane (C) is large (see Comparative Example 4 described later) or when the content of alkyltriethoxysilane (C) is small (described later). It can also be inferred from the fact that the improvement in workability is insufficient in the comparative example 5).
- the rubber component contained in the rubber composition of the present invention contains 30% by mass or more of a conjugated diene rubber (A) described later.
- the rubber component may contain a diene rubber other than the conjugated diene rubber (A).
- conjugated diene rubber (A) three or more conjugated diene polymer chains (a1) obtained by a reaction between a conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) described later and a modifier (a2) described later are modified. It contains 5% by mass or more of a structure (a) described later formed by bonding via an agent (a2).
- the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) used for forming the structure (a) contained in the conjugated diene rubber (A) is a polymer chain comprising a conjugated diene monomer unit. There is no particular limitation as long as it has an isoprene block at one end and an active end (polymerization active end or living growth end) at the other end.
- the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) is obtained by subjecting an isoprene or an isoprene mixture containing a predetermined amount of isoprene in an inert solvent to living polymerization using a polymerization initiator, thereby producing an active end (polymerization active end or Forming an isoprene block having a living growth terminal), and then coupling a conjugated diene monomer or a monomer mixture comprising a conjugated diene monomer to an isoprene block having an active terminal, followed by living polymerization.
- the monomer mixture containing the conjugated diene monomer preferably further contains an aromatic vinyl monomer.
- the isoprene block is a homopolymer of isoprene or a copolymer of isoprene and another monomer (monomer), and is a polyisoprene having a content of isoprene units of 70% by mass or more.
- the content of isoprene units in the isoprene block is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 100% by mass.
- the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) has the isoprene block at one end.
- An isoprene block may be further included in the chain of the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1). It has an isoprene block at both ends, and an isoprene block at one end of them may have an active end, but it is preferable from the viewpoint of productivity to have an isoprene block only at the end that is not the active end. .
- the weight average molecular weight of the isoprene block is not particularly limited, but is preferably 500 to 25,000, more preferably 1,000 to 15,000, and particularly preferably 1,500 to 10,000 from the viewpoint of strength. is there.
- the molecular weight distribution represented by the ratio (Mw / Mn) of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the isoprene block is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of productivity, it is preferably 1.0 to 1. 5, more preferably 1.0 to 1.4, particularly preferably 1.0 to 1.3.
- isoprene block Other monomers that can be copolymerized with isoprene used for obtaining the isoprene block are not particularly limited as long as they are copolymerizable with isoprene, and examples thereof include 1,3-butadiene, styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene. Etc. can be used. Among these, styrene is preferable.
- the content of other monomer units is less than 30% by mass, preferably less than 20% by mass, more preferably less than 10% by mass, and monomers other than isoprene units. It is particularly preferred not to contain.
- any solvent that is usually used in solution polymerization and does not inhibit the polymerization reaction can be used without particular limitation.
- Specific examples thereof include, for example, chain aliphatic hydrocarbons such as butane, pentane, hexane, heptane and 2-butene; alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane and cyclohexene; aromatics such as benzene, toluene and xylene. Group hydrocarbons; and the like.
- the amount of the inert solvent used is not particularly limited, but is usually an amount such that the concentration of all monomers (isoprene and other monomers) is 1 to 50% by mass, preferably 10 to 40% by mass. It is the quantity which becomes.
- the polymerization initiator for synthesizing the isoprene block is not particularly limited as long as it is capable of living polymerizing isoprene (or an isoprene mixture) to give a polymer chain having an active end.
- a polymerization initiator mainly comprising an alkali metal compound, an organic alkaline earth metal compound, a lanthanum series metal compound, or the like is preferably used.
- organic alkali metal compound examples include, for example, organic monolithium compounds such as n-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium, t-butyllithium, hexyllithium, phenyllithium, and stilbenelithium; dilithiomethane, 1,4-dilithiobutane Organic polyvalent lithium compounds such as 1,4-dilithio-2-ethylcyclohexane, 1,3,5-trilithiobenzene, and 1,3,5-tris (lithiomethyl) benzene; organic sodium compounds such as sodium naphthalene; Organic potassium compounds such as potassium naphthalene; and the like.
- organic monolithium compounds such as n-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium, t-butyllithium, hexyllithium, phenyllithium, and stilbenelithium
- dilithiomethane 1,4-dilithiobutane
- Organic polyvalent lithium compounds such
- organic alkaline earth metal compounds include di-n-butylmagnesium, di-n-hexylmagnesium, diethoxycalcium, calcium distearate, di-t-butoxystrontium, diethoxybarium, diisopropoxybarium, diethyl Examples include mercaptobarium, di-t-butoxybarium, diphenoxybarium, diethylaminobarium, barium distearate, and diketylbarium.
- a lanthanum series metal salt comprising a lanthanum series metal such as lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium and gadolinium, a carboxylic acid, a phosphorus-containing organic acid, etc.
- a main catalyst and a polymerization initiator comprising this and a co-catalyst such as an alkylaluminum compound, an organoaluminum hydride compound, and an organoaluminum halide compound.
- organic monolithium compounds and organic polyvalent lithium compounds are preferably used, organic monolithium compounds are more preferably used, and n-butyllithium is particularly preferably used.
- the organic alkali metal compound is a secondary compound such as dibutylamine, dihexylamine, dibenzylamine, pyrrolidine, hexamethyleneimine, and heptamethyleneimine (preferably pyrrolidine, hexamethyleneimine, and heptamethyleneimine). You may make it react with an amine and use it as an organic alkali metal amide compound.
- These polymerization initiators can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator used may be determined according to the target molecular weight, but is preferably 4 to 250 mmol, more preferably 30 to 200 mmol, and particularly preferably 40 to 100 mmol per 100 g of isoprene (or isoprene mixture). It is a range.
- the polymerization temperature is usually in the range of ⁇ 80 to 150 ° C., preferably 0 to 100 ° C., more preferably 20 to 90 ° C.
- a polar compound to the inert organic solvent during the polymerization.
- the polar compound include ether compounds such as dibutyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and 2,2-di (tetrahydrofuryl) propane; tertiary amines such as tetramethylethylenediamine; alkali metal alkoxides; phosphine compounds; Among these, ether compounds and tertiary amines are preferable, and among them, those capable of forming a chelate structure with the metal of the polymerization initiator are more preferable, and 2,2-di (tetrahydrofuryl) propane and tetramethylethylenediamine are particularly preferable.
- the amount of the polar compound used may be determined according to the target vinyl bond content, and is preferably adjusted in the range of 0.1 to 30 mol, more preferably 0.5 to 10 mol with respect to 1 mol of the polymerization initiator. do it. When the amount of the polar compound used is within this range, the vinyl bond content can be easily adjusted, and problems due to the deactivation of the polymerization initiator hardly occur.
- the vinyl bond content derived from the isoprene unit in the isoprene block is preferably 21 to 85% by mass, more preferably 50 to 80% by mass, and even more preferably 70 to 80% by mass, because the wet performance is more excellent.
- the isoprene unit-derived vinyl bond content is the ratio of the total of 1,2-vinyl bond units derived from isoprene units and 3,4-vinyl bond units derived from isoprene units (mass). %).
- the part other than the isoprene block in the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) may be a homopolymer chain of a conjugated diene monomer or a copolymer chain of a conjugated diene monomer and an aromatic vinyl monomer. preferable.
- the mass ratio of the conjugated diene monomer unit to the aromatic vinyl monomer unit in the portion other than the isoprene block (conjugated diene monomer unit: aromatic vinyl monomer unit) is 100: 0 to 50:50. 90:10 to 70:30 is more preferable.
- the conjugated diene monomer used to obtain a portion other than the isoprene block in the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include 1,3-butadiene, isoprene (2-methyl-1,3). -Butadiene), 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 1,3-hexadiene, and the like. Among these, 1,3-butadiene or isoprene is preferably used, and 1,3-butadiene is more preferably used. These conjugated diene monomers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the aromatic vinyl monomer used for obtaining a portion other than the isoprene block in the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, 2-methylstyrene, 3-methylstyrene, 4-methylstyrene, 2-ethylstyrene, 3-ethylstyrene, 4-ethylstyrene, 2,4-diisopropylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, 4-t-butylstyrene, 5-t- Mention may be made of butyl-2-methylstyrene, vinylnaphthalene, dimethylaminomethylstyrene, dimethylaminoethylstyrene and the like. Among these, styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, and 4-methylstyrene are preferable, and styren
- a conjugated diene monomer and an aromatic vinyl are optionally selected as long as the essential characteristics of the present invention are not impaired.
- Other monomers other than the monomer can be used.
- Other monomers include, for example, ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated nitriles such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile; unsaturated carboxylic acids or acid anhydrides such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and maleic anhydride; methyl methacrylate Unsaturated carboxylic acid esters such as 1,5-hexadiene, 1,6-heptadiene, 1,7-octadiene, dicyclopentadiene, and 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene Non-conjugated dienes can be mentioned.
- the amount of these monomers used is preferably 10% by mass or less, preferably 5% by mass or less, based on the total amount of monomers used for obtaining a portion other than the isoprene block in the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1). Is more preferable.
- the inert solvent used for the polymerization of a portion other than the isoprene block in the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) is the same as the inert solvent used for the synthesis of the above-described isoprene block.
- the portion other than the isoprene block in the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) is a copolymer chain of a conjugated diene monomer and an aromatic vinyl monomer, or two or more conjugated diene monomers
- the coupling mode of each monomer in the case of forming a copolymer chain comprising, for example, various coupling modes such as a block shape, a taper shape, or a random shape. Among these, a random shape is preferable.
- the aromatic vinyl monomer amount relative to the total amount of the conjugated diene monomer and the aromatic vinyl monomer It is preferable to polymerize by supplying the conjugated diene monomer or the conjugated diene monomer and the aromatic vinyl monomer continuously or intermittently into the polymerization system so that the ratio of the body does not become too high. .
- the specific example about the polar compound used in order to adjust vinyl bond content in parts other than an isoprene block is the same as the polar compound used for the synthesis
- the amount of the polar compound used may be determined according to the target vinyl bond content, and is preferably adjusted in the range of 0.01 to 100 mol, more preferably 0.1 to 30 mol with respect to 1 mol of the polymerization initiator. do it. When the amount of the polar compound used is within this range, the vinyl bond content in the portion other than the isoprene block can be easily adjusted, and problems due to the deactivation of the polymerization initiator hardly occur.
- the vinyl bond content in the part other than the isoprene block of the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) is preferably 10 to 90% by mass, more preferably 20 to 80% by mass, from the viewpoint of the balance between viscoelastic properties and strength. It is.
- vinyl bond content in parts other than an isoprene block is a ratio (mass%) of a vinyl bond unit in parts other than the isoprene block of a conjugated diene polymer chain (a1).
- the weight average molecular weight of the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1,000 to 2,000,000, more preferably 10,000 to 1,500,000, and 100,000 to 1 1,000,000 is particularly preferred. When the weight average molecular weight of the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) is within the above range, the balance between tire strength and low rolling resistance is good.
- the molecular weight distribution represented by the ratio (Mw / Mn) of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) is preferably 1.0 to 3.0, more preferably Is 1.0 to 2.5, particularly preferably 1.0 to 2.2.
- the molecular weight distribution value (Mw / Mn) is within the above range, the conjugated diene rubber (A) can be easily produced.
- an isoprene block in a solution of a monomer such as a diene monomer.
- a conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) is newly added by adding isoprene (or an isoprene mixture).
- An isoprene block can also be formed on the active terminal side of.
- the amount of isoprene (or isoprene mixture) used is preferably 10 to 100 mol, more preferably 15 to 70 mol, and particularly preferably 20 to 35 mol with respect to 1 mol of the polymerization initiator used in the initial polymerization reaction.
- the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) does not need to contain an aromatic vinyl monomer unit, but preferably contains it.
- the preferred range of the mass ratio of the conjugated diene monomer unit to the aromatic vinyl monomer unit in the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) (conjugated diene monomer unit: aromatic vinyl monomer unit) is as described above. This is the same as the portion other than the isoprene block.
- the preferable range of the vinyl bond content in the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) is also the same as the portion other than the above-described isoprene block.
- the vinyl bond amount in the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) is the ratio (% by mass) of vinyl bond units in the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1).
- the conjugated diene rubber (A) used in the present invention has an active terminal of the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) obtained as described above, an epoxy group and / or a hydrocarbyloxysilyl group, and An epoxy group reacts with a modifier (a2) having a total number of 3 or more of the hydrocarbyloxy group (—OR: where R is a hydrocarbon group or aryl group) contained in the hydrocarbyloxysilyl group. Is.
- the “modifier” is a compound having a functional group that reacts with the active end of the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) in one molecule.
- the functional group to be contained is limited to those having an affinity for silica.
- the functional group is an epoxy group or a hydrocarbyloxy group contained in a hydrocarbyloxysilyl group.
- the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) reacts with the modifier (a2) having an epoxy group
- at least a part of the epoxy group in the modifier (a2) is ring-opened so that the epoxy group becomes It is considered that a bond is formed between the carbon atom of the ring-opened portion and the active end of the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1).
- the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) reacts with the modifier (a2) having a hydrocarbyloxysilyl group
- at least a part of the hydrocarbyloxysilyl group in the hydrocarbyloxysilyl group of the modifier (a2) is removed. By separating, it is considered that a bond between the silicon atom contained in the modifier (a2) and the active end of the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) is formed.
- the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) of 3 or more is converted into the modifier.
- a conjugated diene rubber (A) having a structure (a) bonded through (a2) can be obtained.
- hydrocarbyloxysilyl group contained in the modifier (a2) examples include alkoxysilyl groups such as methoxysilyl group, ethoxysilyl group, propoxysilyl group, butoxysilyl group, and aryloxysilyl groups such as phenoxysilyl group. Can be mentioned. Among these, an alkoxysilyl group is preferable and an ethoxysilyl group is more preferable.
- the modifier (a2) is preferably a polyorganosiloxane because it has better wet performance and low rolling resistance.
- R 1 to R 8 are an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and these may be the same as or different from each other.
- X 1 and X 4 are each an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, or a group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms containing an epoxy group, or carbon
- An alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and X 1 and X 4 may be the same or different.
- R 20 is an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- R 21 to R 29 are each an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and these may be the same as or different from each other.
- r is an integer of 1 to 10.
- examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms represented by R 1 to R 8 , X 1 and X 4 include, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n- Examples include propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, and cyclohexyl group.
- examples of the aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms include a phenyl group and a methylphenyl group. Among these, a methyl group and an ethyl group are preferable from the viewpoint of production of the polyorganosiloxane itself.
- examples of the alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms represented by X 1 , X 2 and X 4 include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, A propoxy group, a butoxy group, etc. are mentioned. Of these, a methoxy group and an ethoxy group are preferable from the viewpoint of reactivity with the active terminal of the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1).
- X 1 and X 4 are preferably a group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms containing an epoxy group.
- X 2 is preferably a group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms containing an epoxy group, X 1 and X 4 are alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and X 2 is an epoxy group. It is more preferably a group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms containing a group.
- n is preferably an integer of 0 to 150, more preferably an integer of 0 to 120.
- k is preferably an integer of 0 to 150, more preferably an integer of 0 to 120.
- the total number of m, n, and k is preferably 400 or less, more preferably 300 or less, and particularly preferably 250 or less. .
- the total number of m, n, and k is 400 or less, the production of the polyorganosiloxane itself is facilitated, the viscosity is not excessively increased, and the handling is facilitated.
- hydrocarbyloxysilane represented by the above formula (4) include N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) -3-aminopropyltriethoxy.
- examples include silane, N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminoethyltrimethoxysilane, and N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) aminoethyltriethoxysilane.
- N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and N, N-bis (trimethylsilyl) -3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane are preferably used.
- one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- denaturant (a2) which reacts with the active terminal of a conjugated diene type polymer chain (a1) with respect to the mole number of the polymerization initiator used for polymerization reaction.
- the ratio of the total number of moles of the epoxy group and the hydrocarbyloxy group contained in the hydrocarbyloxysilyl group is usually from 0.1 to 5, and it is 0 because the low rolling resistance and the mechanical strength are more excellent. It is preferably 5 to 3.
- a metal halide compound is preferably used as a coupling agent for the reason that the coupling efficiency is more excellent, and a silicon halide compound having 5 or more silicon-halogen atom bonds in one molecule is used as a coupling agent. More preferably, 1,6-bis (trichlorosilyl) hexane is particularly preferably used.
- the above coupling agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the modifier (a2) and the coupling agent When adding the modifier (a2) and the coupling agent to the solution containing the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1), they are dissolved in an inert solvent from the viewpoint of controlling the reaction well. It is preferable to add to the polymerization system.
- the solution concentration is preferably in the range of 1 to 50% by mass.
- the reaction between the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) and the modifier (a2) can be performed, for example, by adding the modifier (a2) to a solution containing the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1). it can.
- the timing for adding the modifier (a2) and the coupling agent is not particularly limited, but the polymerization reaction in the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) is not completed and the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) is contained.
- the solution containing the monomer such as isoprene, more specifically, the solution containing the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) is preferably 100 ppm or more, more preferably 300 to 50,000 ppm.
- a modifier (a2), a coupling agent, and the like it is desirable to add a modifier (a2), a coupling agent, and the like to this solution in a state where the monomer is contained.
- a modifier (a2), a coupling agent, etc. By adding a modifier (a2), a coupling agent, etc., the side reaction between the conjugated diene polymer chain (a1) and impurities contained in the polymerization system is suppressed, and the reaction is controlled well. Is possible.
- the order of adding them to the polymerization system is not particularly limited. Even when the modifier (a2) is used in combination with a silicon halide compound as a coupling agent having 5 or more silicon-halogen atom bonds in one molecule, the order of addition is not particularly limited, but coupling It is preferable to add the agent prior to the addition of the modifier (a2). By adding in this order, it becomes easy to obtain a highly branched conjugated diene rubber obtained via a coupling agent, and a tire obtained using the highly branched conjugated diene rubber has a steering stability. Better.
- the conditions for reacting the modifier (a2) and the coupling agent are such that the temperature is usually in the range of 0 to 100 ° C., preferably 30 to 90 ° C., and each reaction time is usually 1 to 1 ° C. The range is 120 minutes, preferably 2 to 60 minutes.
- an anti-aging agent such as a phenol-based stabilizer, a phosphorus-based stabilizer, a sulfur-based stabilizer, a crumbizing agent, and a scale-inhibiting agent are added to the polymerization solution, and then the polymerization solvent is separated from the polymerization solution by direct drying and steam stripping to recover the conjugated diene rubber (A).
- an extending oil may be mixed into the polymerization solution, and the conjugated diene rubber (A) may be recovered as an oil-extended rubber.
- Examples of the extending oil used when the conjugated diene rubber (A) is recovered as an oil-extended rubber include paraffinic, aromatic and naphthenic petroleum softeners, plant softeners, and fatty acids. .
- the polycyclic aromatic content is preferably less than 3%. This content is measured by the method of IP346 (the inspection method of THE INSTITUTE PETROLEUM, UK).
- the amount used is usually 5 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 60 parts by weight, more preferably 20 to 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the conjugated diene rubber (A). It is.
- the conjugated diene rubber (A) contains 5% by mass or more of the structure (a) in which three or more conjugated diene polymer chains (a1) are bonded via the modifier (a2), and more preferably. Is contained in an amount of 5 to 40% by mass, particularly preferably 10 to 30% by mass.
- the ratio of the structure (a) in which three or more conjugated diene polymer chains (a1) are bonded via the modifier (a2) to the total amount of the conjugated diene rubber (A) finally obtained is expressed as “ It is expressed as “coupling ratio of 3 or more branches (mass%)” (hereinafter also simply referred to as coupling ratio). This can be measured by gel permeation chromatography (polystyrene conversion).
- the ratio (s2 / s1) is a coupling rate of three or more branches.
- the weight average molecular weight of the conjugated diene rubber (A) is not particularly limited, but is usually from 1,000 to 3,000,000, preferably from 100,000 to 3000, as a value measured by gel permeation chromatography in terms of polystyrene. It is in the range of 2,000,000, more preferably 300,000 to 1,500,000. When the weight average molecular weight is 3,000,000 or less, it becomes easy to mix silica (Q) into the conjugated diene rubber (A), and the scorch resistance of the rubber composition for tire tread becomes more excellent. . Further, when the weight average molecular weight is 1,000 or more, the low rolling resistance of the obtained tire becomes more excellent.
- the molecular weight distribution represented by the ratio (Mw / Mn) of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the conjugated diene rubber (A) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1.1 to 3.0. More preferably, it is 1.2 to 2.5, and particularly preferably 1.3 to 2.2. When the molecular weight distribution value (Mw / Mn) is 3.0 or less, the resulting tire has more excellent low rolling resistance.
- the Mooney viscosity (ML 1 + 4 (100 ° C.)) of the conjugated diene rubber (A) is also not particularly limited, but is usually in the range of 20 to 100, preferably 30 to 90, more preferably 40 to 85.
- the conjugated diene rubber (A) is an oil-extended rubber
- the Mooney viscosity of the oil-extended rubber is preferably in the above range.
- the rubber component contained in the rubber composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains 30% by mass or more of such a conjugated diene rubber (A), but the conjugated diene rubber (A ) Is preferably contained in an amount of 40% by mass or more, more preferably 50% by mass or more, and even more preferably 60 to 90% by mass.
- the rubber component contained in the rubber composition of the present invention may contain a diene rubber other than the conjugated diene rubber (A) (hereinafter also referred to as “other diene rubber”).
- other diene rubbers include, but are not limited to, natural rubber (NR), isoprene rubber (IR), butadiene rubber (BR), aromatic vinyl-conjugated diene copolymer rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene. Examples thereof include copolymer rubber (NBR), butyl rubber (IIR), halogenated butyl rubber (Br-IIR, Cl-IIR), and chloroprene rubber (CR).
- the diene rubber may be a single diene rubber or a combination of two or more diene rubbers.
- the content of the other diene rubber is preferably less than 60% by mass of the rubber component, and more preferably less than 50% by mass.
- the silica (B) contained in the rubber composition of the present invention is a silica having a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area of 194 to 225 m 2 / g and a CTAB adsorption specific surface area of 180 to 210 m 2 / g.
- the nitrogen adsorption specific surface area is a value obtained by measuring the nitrogen adsorption amount on the silica surface in accordance with JIS K6217-2: 2001 “Part 2: Determination of specific surface area—nitrogen adsorption method—single point method”.
- the CTAB adsorption specific surface area is a value obtained by measuring the amount of CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) adsorbed on the silica surface in accordance with JIS K6217-3: 2001 “Part 3: Determination of specific surface area—CTAB adsorption method”. .
- CTAB cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
- the silica (B) is not particularly limited as long as the above-described surface properties are satisfied, and any conventionally known silica that is blended in a rubber composition for applications such as tires can be used.
- Examples of the silica (B) include wet silica, dry silica, fumed silica, diatomaceous earth and the like, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the silica (B) is 60 to 150 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component, because the wet performance, the low rolling resistance and the workability are better. 65 to 145 parts by mass, and more preferably 70 to 140 parts by mass.
- alkyltriethoxysilane (C) The alkyltriethoxysilane (C) contained in the rubber composition of the present invention is a silane compound represented by the following formula (I).
- R represents an alkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms.
- alkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms of R examples include a heptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, an undecyl group, and a dodecyl group.
- an octyl group and a nonyl group are preferable from the viewpoint of compatibility with the rubber component.
- the content of the alkyltriethoxysilane (C) is 2.5 to 8.0% by mass with respect to the content of the silica (B), and wet performance, low rolling resistance, and resistance to resistance.
- the content is preferably 3.0 to 7.5% by mass, more preferably 4.0 to 7.0% by mass.
- the rubber composition of the present invention preferably contains a silane coupling agent because the dispersibility of the silica (B) is improved.
- the silane coupling agent include bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) trisulfide, bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide, Bis (2-triethoxysilylethyl) tetrasulfide, bis (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, bis (2-trimethoxysilylethyl) tetrasulfide, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxy Silane, 2-mercaptoethyltrimethoxysilane, 2-mercaptoethyltriethoxysilane, 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl
- the rubber composition of the present invention may further contain an additive within a range that does not impair its effects and purposes.
- the additive include fillers other than silica (B) contained in the rubber composition of the present invention (for example, carbon black), zinc oxide, stearic acid, anti-aging agent, processing aid, aroma oil,
- Various additives generally used for rubber compositions for tire treads such as process oil, liquid polymer, terpene resin, thermosetting resin, vulcanizing agent, vulcanization accelerator and the like can be mentioned.
- the method for producing the rubber composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and specific examples thereof include, for example, kneading the above-described components using a known method and apparatus (for example, a Banbury mixer, a kneader, a roll, etc.). The method of doing is mentioned.
- the rubber composition of the present invention can be vulcanized or crosslinked under conventionally known vulcanization or crosslinking conditions.
- the pneumatic tire of the present invention is a pneumatic tire using the above-described rubber composition of the present invention for a tire tread.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic partial sectional view of a tire representing an example of an embodiment of the pneumatic tire of the present invention, but the pneumatic tire of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment shown in FIG.
- reference numeral 1 represents a bead portion
- reference numeral 2 represents a sidewall portion
- reference numeral 3 represents a tire tread portion
- a carcass layer 4 in which fiber cords are embedded is mounted between the pair of left and right bead portions 1, and the end of the carcass layer 4 extends from the inside of the tire to the outside around the bead core 5 and the bead filler 6. Wrapped and rolled up.
- a belt layer 7 is disposed over the circumference of the tire on the outside of the carcass layer 4.
- the rim cushion 8 is arrange
- the pneumatic tire of the present invention is not particularly limited except that the rubber composition of the present invention is used for a tread of a pneumatic tire, and can be produced, for example, according to a conventionally known method.
- inert gas such as nitrogen, argon, helium other than the air which adjusted normal or oxygen partial pressure, can be used.
- 1,6-bis (trichlorosilyl) hexane 0.08 mmol was then obtained.
- 0.027 mmol of polyorganosiloxane A represented by the following formula (7) was added in the form of a 20% by mass concentration of xylene solution and reacted for 30 minutes.
- an amount of methanol corresponding to twice the mole of n-butyllithium used was added to obtain a solution containing the conjugated diene rubber A1.
- Irganox 1520L manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals
- an anti-aging agent was added in an amount of 0.15 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the conjugated diene rubber A1, and then the solvent was removed by steam stripping. Then, it was vacuum dried at 60 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain a solid conjugated diene rubber A1.
- X 1 , X 4 , R 1 to R 3 and R 5 to R 8 are methyl groups.
- m is 80 and k is 120.
- X 2 is a group represented by the following formula (8) (here, * represents a bonding position).
- the weight average molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, coupling rate, styrene unit content in portions other than the isoprene block, vinyl bond content in portions other than the isoprene block, and Mooney viscosity were measured.
- the measurement results are shown in Table 2.
- the measurement method is as follows.
- Weight average molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and coupling rate About weight average molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and coupling rate (ratio (mass%) of structure (a) to conjugated diene rubber (A)), a chart based on molecular weight in terms of polystyrene was obtained by gel permeation chromatography. And based on the chart.
- the specific measurement conditions for gel permeation chromatography are as follows.
- HLC-8020 (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) Column: GMH-HR-H (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) connected in series Detector: Refractometer RI-8020 (manufactured by Tosoh Company) -Elution night: Tetrahydrofuran-Column temperature: 40 ° C
- the coupling rate is the ratio of the area (s2) of the peak portion having a peak top molecular weight of 2.8 times or more of the peak top molecular weight indicated by the smallest peak of molecular weight to the total elution area (s1) (s2 / s1).
- Mooney viscosity The Mooney viscosity (ML 1 + 4 (100 ° C.)) was measured according to JIS K6300-1: 2001.
- the polyorganosiloxane A0 represented by the above formula (7) was then used. 0.023 mmol was added in the form of a 20% strength by weight xylene solution and allowed to react for 30 minutes. Thereafter, as a polymerization terminator, an amount of methanol corresponding to twice the mole of n-butyllithium used was added to obtain a solution containing the conjugated diene rubber A2.
- Irganox 1520L manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals
- an anti-aging agent was added in an amount of 0.15 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the conjugated diene rubber A2, and then the solvent was removed by steam stripping. Then, it was vacuum dried at 60 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain a solid conjugated diene rubber A2.
- the weight average molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, coupling rate, styrene unit content in portions other than the isoprene block, vinyl bond content and Mooney viscosity in portions other than the isoprene block were measured.
- the measurement results are shown in Table 2. In addition, it is as a measuring method and the above-mentioned.
- ⁇ Tan ⁇ (0 ° C.)> Weight performance index
- the prepared rubber composition for tire tread (unvulcanized) was press-vulcanized at 160 ° C. for 20 minutes in a mold (15 cm ⁇ 15 cm ⁇ 0.2 cm) to produce a vulcanized rubber sheet.
- About the produced vulcanized rubber sheet in accordance with JIS K6394: 2007, using a viscoelastic spectrometer (manufactured by Iwamoto Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) under the conditions of 10% ⁇ 2% elongation deformation strain rate, frequency 20 Hz, temperature 0 ° C. , Tan ⁇ (0 ° C.) was measured.
- the results are shown in Table 3.
- the results were expressed as an index with tan ⁇ (0 ° C.) of the standard example as 100. The larger the index, the larger the tan ⁇ (0 ° C.), and the better the wet performance when made into a tire.
- ⁇ Tan ⁇ (60 ° C.)> Index of low rolling resistance
- the prepared rubber composition for tire tread (unvulcanized) was press-vulcanized at 160 ° C. for 20 minutes in a mold (15 cm ⁇ 15 cm ⁇ 0.2 cm) to produce a vulcanized rubber sheet.
- the results are shown in Table 3.
- the results were expressed as an index with tan ⁇ (60 ° C.) of the standard example as 100. The smaller the index, the smaller the tan ⁇ (60 ° C.), and the lower the rolling resistance when the tire is made.
- ⁇ Abrasion resistance> The prepared rubber composition for tire tread (unvulcanized) was press-vulcanized at 160 ° C. for 20 minutes in a mold (15 cm ⁇ 15 cm ⁇ 0.2 cm) to produce a vulcanized rubber sheet.
- the prepared vulcanized rubber sheet was measured under the conditions of a load of 1.5 kg and a slip rate of 50% in accordance with JIS K6264 using a Lambourn abrasion tester (manufactured by Iwamoto Seisakusho Co., Ltd.). Was measured.
- the wear resistance is indexed according to the following equation with the wear amount of the standard example being 100, and the larger the value, the better the wear resistance.
- Abrasion resistance (Abrasion amount of Comparative Example 1 / Abrasion amount of sample) ⁇ 100
- Conjugated diene rubber A1 Conjugated diene rubber A1 produced as described above
- Conjugated diene rubber A2 Conjugated diene rubber A2 produced as described above
- Comparative conjugated diene rubber 1 NS616 (manufactured by ZEON Corporation) (terminal modified SSBR for silica)
- -Butadiene rubber Nipo 1122 (made by Nippon Zeon)
- Silica B1 200 MP (nitrogen adsorption specific surface area: 207 m 2 / g, CTAB adsorption specific surface area: 198 m 2 / g, manufactured by Rhodia)
- Silica B2 9000GR (nitrogen adsorption specific surface area: 213 m 2 / g, CTAB adsorption specific surface area: 193 m 2 / g, manufactured by Evonik)
- Comparative silica 1 Zeosil 1165MP (nitrogen adsorption specific surface area: 160 m 2 / g, CTAB adsorption specific surface area: 159 m 2 / g, manufactured by Rhodia)
- Comparative silica 2 AQ (nitrogen adsorption specific surface area: 211 m 2 / g, CTAB adsorption specific surface area: 160 m 2 / g, manufactured by Tosoh Silica)
- Alkylsilane C1 Octyltriethoxysilane (KBE-3083, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone)
- Comparison alkylsilane 1 dimethyldiethoxysilane (KBE-22, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone)
- Silane coupling agent Si69 (Degussa)
- Zinc oxide 3 types of zinc oxide (manufactured by Shodo Chemical Industries)
- Stearic acid Stearic acid YR (manufactured by NOF Corporation)
- Anti-aging agent Santoflex 6PPD (manufactured by Solutia Europe)
- Wax Paraffin wax (Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- Process oil Extract No.
- the rubber composition prepared without compounding the conjugated diene rubber (A) has at least one of processability, wet performance, low rolling resistance and wear resistance as a standard example.
- a rubber composition having a high alkyltriethoxysilane (C) content is inferior in wear resistance (Comparative Example 4)
- a rubber composition having a low alkyltriethoxysilane (C) content is low in workability and It was found that the effect of improving wet performance, low rolling resistance and wear resistance was insufficient (Comparative Example 5).
- the rubber compositions using a predetermined amount of conjugated diene rubber (A), silica (B), and alkyltriethoxysilane (C) all have good processability and are used as tires. It was found that the wet performance, low rolling resistance and wear resistance were good (Examples 1 to 5).
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Abstract
Description
しかし、シリカはゴム成分との親和性が低く、また、シリカ同士の凝集性が高いため、ゴム成分に単にシリカを配合してもシリカが分散せず、転がり抵抗を低減する効果やウェット性能を向上する効果が十分に得られないという問題があった。
すなわち、以下の構成により上記課題を解決できることを見出した。
上記共役ジエン系ゴム(A)が、共役ジエン系重合体鎖(a1)と、変性剤(a2)との反応により得られる、3以上の上記共役ジエン系重合体鎖(a1)が上記変性剤(a2)を介して結合してなる構造体(a)を5質量%以上含み、
上記共役ジエン系重合体鎖(a1)が、一方の端にイソプレン単位を70質量%以上含有するイソプレンブロックを有し、他方の端に活性末端を有する、共役ジエン系重合体鎖であり、
上記変性剤(a2)が、エポキシ基および/またはヒドロカルビルオキシシリル基を有し、上記エポキシ基と、上記ヒドロカルビルオキシシリル基に含まれるヒドロカルビルオキシ基との合計数が3以上である、変性剤であり、
上記シリカ(B)が、窒素吸着比表面積が194~225m2/gであり、かつ、CTAB吸着比表面積が180~210m2/gであり、
上記シリカ(B)の含有量が、上記ゴム成分100質量部に対して60~150質量部であり、
上記アルキルトリエトキシシラン(C)の含有量が、上記シリカ(B)の含有量に対して2.5~8.0質量%である、タイヤトレッド用ゴム組成物。
(式中、Rは、炭素数7~20のアルキル基を表す。)
(3)上記イソプレンブロックにおけるイソプレン単位由来のビニル結合含有量が21~85質量%である、上記(1)または(2)に記載のタイヤトレッド用ゴム組成物。
(4)上記(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載のタイヤトレッド用ゴム組成物をタイヤトレッドに用いた空気入りタイヤ。
本発明のタイヤトレッド用ゴム組成物(以下、単に「本発明のゴム組成物」とも略す。)は、共役ジエン系ゴム(A)を30質量%以上含むゴム成分と、シリカ(B)と、後述する式(I)で表されるアルキルトリエトキシシラン(C)とを含有するタイヤトレッド用のゴム組成物である。
ここで、上記共役ジエン系ゴム(A)は、共役ジエン系重合体鎖(a1)と、変性剤(a2)との反応により得られる、3以上の上記共役ジエン系重合体鎖(a1)が上記変性剤(a2)を介して結合してなる構造体(a)を5質量%以上含む。
また、上記共役ジエン系重合体鎖(a1)は、一方の端にイソプレン単位を70質量%以上含有するイソプレンブロックを有し、他方の端に活性末端を有する、共役ジエン系重合体鎖である。
また、上記変性剤(a2)は、エポキシ基および/またはヒドロカルビルオキシシリル基を有し、上記エポキシ基と、上記ヒドロカルビルオキシシリル基に含まれるヒドロカルビルオキシ基との合計数が3以上である、変性剤である。
また、上記シリカ(B)は、窒素吸着比表面積が194~225m2/gであり、かつ、CTAB吸着比表面積が180~210m2/gであり、上記シリカ(B)の含有量は、上記ゴム成分100質量部に対して60~150質量部である。
また、上記アルキルトリエトキシシラン(C)の含有量は、上記シリカ(B)の含有量に対して2.5~8.0質量%である。
後述するように、構造体(a)は、イソプレンブロックを有する共役ジエン系重合体鎖(a1)が変性剤(a2)を介して結合した構造を有する。また、シリカ(B)は、窒素吸着比表面積およびCTAB吸着比表面積が特定の範囲内となる表面性状を有する。更に、アルキルトリエトキシシラン(C)は、後述する式(I)で表されるように加水分解性基である3個のエトキシ基と特定の炭素数のアルキル基とを有する。
本発明においては、上記構造体(a)を所定量含有する共役ジエン系ゴム(A)と、シリカ(B)と、アルキルトリエトキシシラン(C)とを所定量併用することにより、アルキルトリエトキシシラン(C)の加水分解性基(エトキシ基)ならびに構造体(a)のイソプレンブロックおよび変性剤(a2)中の官能基が、いずれもシリカ(B)と相互作用しやすくなり、シリカ(B)の分散性を向上させ、結果として、優れたウェット性能、低転がり抵抗性および耐摩耗性ならびに加工性を示すものと考えられる。
特に、シリカ(B)の窒素吸着比表面積およびCTAB吸着比表面積が特定の範囲内であることにより、共役ジエン系ゴム(A)に対する補強性とシリカ(B)の分散性のバランスが向上するため、より詳しくは、シリカ(B)の比表面積が特定の値以上であることにより、ジエン系ゴム(A)に対する補強性が向上し、かつ、シリカ(B)の比表面積が特定の値以下であることにより、分散状態が良好になり、分散不良による耐摩耗性への悪影響が小さくなるため、優れた耐摩耗性を示すと考えられる。このことは、これらの比表面積を満たさないシリカを配合した場合(後述する比較例6および7参照)に耐摩耗性が劣るか改善されない事実からも推測することができる。
また、シリカ(B)を所定量含有させることにより、共役ジエン系ゴム(A)の補強性が向上するため、優れたウェット性能を示すと考えられる。このことは、シリカ(B)の含有量を満たさない場合(後述する比較例8参照)にウェット性能が劣る事実からも推測することができる。
更に、アルキルトリエトキシシラン(C)が、3個のエトキシ基とともに特定の炭素数のアルキル基を有することにより、共役ジエン系ゴム(A)との親和性が高くなるため、シリカ(B)の分散性が優れると考えられる。このことは、ジメチルジエトキシシランを配合した場合(後述する比較例10参照)にウェット性能および低転がり抵抗性が殆ど改善されない事実からも推測することができる。
また、アルキルトリエトキシシラン(C)を所定量含有させることにより、シリカ(B)の分散性を向上させつつ、共役ジエン系ゴム(A)の可塑効果も適度に高めるため、優れた加工性および耐摩耗性を示すものと考えられる。このことは、アルキルトリエトキシシラン(C)の含有量が多い場合(後述する比較例4参照)に耐摩耗性が劣る事実や、アルキルトリエトキシシラン(C)の含有量が少ない場合(後述する比較例5参照)に加工性の改善が不十分である事実からも推測することができる。
本発明のゴム組成物に含有されるゴム成分は、後述する共役ジエン系ゴム(A)を30質量%以上含有する。上記ゴム成分は、共役ジエン系ゴム(A)以外のジエン系ゴムを含有してもよい。
共役ジエン系ゴム(A)に含まれる構造体(a)を形成するのに使用される共役ジエン系重合体鎖(a1)は、共役ジエン単量体単位を含んでなる重合体鎖であって、一方の端にイソプレンブロックを有し、他方の端に活性末端(重合活性末端またはリビング成長末端)を有するものであれば、特に限定されない。
イソプレンブロックは、イソプレンの単独重合体、または、イソプレンと他の単量体(モノマー)との共重合体であり、イソプレン単位の含有量が70質量%以上のポリイソプレンである。イソプレンブロック中のイソプレン単位の含有量は、80質量%以上であることが好ましく、90質量%以上であることがより好ましく、100質量%であることが特に好ましい。
共役ジエン系重合体鎖(a1)におけるイソプレンブロック以外の部分は、共役ジエン単量体の単独重合体鎖または共役ジエン単量体と芳香族ビニル単量体との共重合体鎖であることが好ましい。イソプレンブロック以外の部分における共役ジエン単量体単位と芳香族ビニル単量体単位との質量比(共役ジエン単量体単位:芳香族ビニル単量体単位)は、100:0~50:50が好ましく、90:10~70:30がより好ましい。
なお、イソプレンブロック以外の部分におけるビニル結合含有量とは、共役ジエン系重合体鎖(a1)のイソプレンブロック以外の部分における、ビニル結合単位の割合(質量%)である。
共役ジエン系重合体鎖(a1)の重量平均分子量は、特に限定されないが、1,000~2,000,000が好ましく、10,000~1,500,000がより好ましく、100,000~1,000,000が特に好ましい。共役ジエン系重合体鎖(a1)の重量平均分子量が上記範囲内にあるとき、タイヤの強度と低転がり抵抗性とのバランスが良好となる。
共役ジエン系重合体鎖(a1)は、例えば、上述したように、不活性溶媒中、まず重合開始剤を用いてイソプレン(またはイソプレン混合物)をリビング重合させることにより、活性末端を有するイソプレンブロックを形成し、次いで、このイソプレンブロックを新たな重合開始剤として用いて、共役ジエン単量体などの単量体をリビング重合させることにより得ることができる。この際、共役ジエン単量体などの単量体の溶液中にイソプレンブロックを加えてもよいし、イソプレンブロックの溶液中に共役ジエン単量体などの単量体を加えてもよいが、共役ジエン単量体などの単量体の溶液中にイソプレンブロックを加えることが好ましい。また、共役ジエン単量体などの単量体の重合転化率が通常95%以上になった時点で、新たにイソプレン(またはイソプレン混合物)を添加することにより、共役ジエン系重合体鎖(a1)の活性末端側にもイソプレンブロックを形成させることができる。このイソプレン(またはイソプレン混合物)の使用量は、初めの重合反応に使用した重合開始剤1molに対して、好ましくは10~100mol、より好ましくは15~70mol、特に好ましくは20~35molである。
共役ジエン系重合体鎖(a1)は、芳香族ビニル単量体単位を含有しなくともよいが、含有することが好ましい。共役ジエン系重合体鎖(a1)における共役ジエン単量体単位と芳香族ビニル単量体単位との質量比(共役ジエン単量体単位:芳香族ビニル単量体単位)の好ましい範囲は、上述のイソプレンブロック以外の部分と同じである。また、共役ジエン系重合体鎖(a1)におけるビニル結合含有量の好ましい範囲も、上述のイソプレンブロック以外の部分と同じである。なお、共役ジエン系重合体鎖(a1)におけるビニル結合量とは、共役ジエン系重合体鎖(a1)におけるビニル結合単位の割合(質量%)である。
本発明で使用される共役ジエン系ゴム(A)は、以上のようにして得られる共役ジエン系重合体鎖(a1)の活性末端と、エポキシ基および/またはヒドロカルビルオキシシリル基を有し、上記エポキシ基と、上記ヒドロカルビルオキシシリル基に含まれるヒドロカルビルオキシ基(-OR:ここでRは炭化水素基またはアリール基)との合計数が3以上である変性剤(a2)とが反応してなるものである。
上記式(4)で表されるヒドロカルビルオキシシランにおいて、R21~R29の具体例および好適な態様は、上記式(1)中のR1~R8と同様である。
本発明のゴム組成物に含有される共役ジエン系ゴム(A)は、共役ジエン系重合体鎖(a1)と、変性剤(a2)とが反応することにより得られる共役ジエン系ゴムであり、具体的には、3以上の共役ジエン系重合体鎖(a1)が変性剤(a2)を介して結合してなる構造体を5質量%以上含有するものである。
最終的に得られた共役ジエン系ゴム(A)の全量に対する、3以上の共役ジエン系重合体鎖(a1)が変性剤(a2)を介して結合された構造体(a)の割合を「3分岐以上のカップリング率(質量%)」(以下、単にカップリング率ともいう)として表す。これは、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィ(ポリスチレン換算)により測定することができる。ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィ測定により得られたチャートより、全溶出面積(s1)に対する、分子量の最も小さいピークが示すピークトップ分子量の2.8倍以上のピークトップ分子量を有するピーク部分の面積(s2)の比(s2/s1)を3分岐以上のカップリング率とする。なお、変性剤(a2)以外のカップリング剤などを変性前に添加した場合には、変性剤(a2)を添加する前にサンプルを採取し、GPCを測定しておくことで、カップリング剤のみと結合した共役ジエン系重合体鎖の割合の補正を行うことができる。
上述のとおり、本発明のゴム組成物に含有されるゴム成分は、共役ジエン系ゴム(A)以外のジエン系ゴム(以下、「他のジエン系ゴム」ともいう。)を含有してもよい。
他のジエン系ゴムとしては特に制限されないが、その具体例としては、天然ゴム(NR)、イソプレンゴム(IR)、ブタジエンゴム(BR)、芳香族ビニル-共役ジエン共重合体ゴム、アクリロニトリル-ブタジエン共重合ゴム(NBR)、ブチルゴム(IIR)、ハロゲン化ブチルゴム(Br-IIR、Cl-IIR)、クロロプレンゴム(CR)などが挙げられる。上記ジエン系ゴムは、1種のジエン系ゴムを単独で用いても、2種以上のジエン系ゴムを併用してもよい。
このような他のジエン系ゴムを含有する場合、他のジエン系ゴムの含有量は、ゴム成分の60質量%未満であるのが好ましく、50質量%未満であるのがより好ましい。
本発明のゴム組成物に含有されるシリカ(B)は、窒素吸着比表面積が194~225m2/gを満たし、かつ、CTAB吸着比表面積が180~210m2/gを満たすシリカである。
ここで、窒素吸着比表面積は、シリカ表面への窒素吸着量をJIS K6217-2:2001「第2部:比表面積の求め方-窒素吸着法-単点法」に従い測定した値である。
また、CTAB吸着比表面積は、シリカ表面へのCTAB(セチルトリメチルアンモニウムブロマイド)吸着量をJIS K6217-3:2001「第3部:比表面積の求め方-CTAB吸着法」にしたがって測定した値である。
このような表面性状を有するシリカ(B)を所定量用いることにより、上述したとおり、ウェット性能、転がり抵抗および耐摩耗性に優れたタイヤを作製することができる。
上記シリカ(B)としては、例えば、湿式シリカ、乾式シリカ、ヒュームドシリカ、珪藻土などが挙げられ、1種単独で用いても、2種以上を併用してもよい。
本発明のゴム組成物に含有するアルキルトリエトキシシラン(C)は、下記式(I)で表されるシラン化合物である。
このような構造のアルキルトリエトキシシラン(C)を所定量用いることにより、上述したとおり、加工性に優れたゴム組成物となり、耐摩耗性に優れたタイヤを作製することができる。
これらのうち、上記ゴム成分との相溶性の観点から、オクチル基、ノニル基であるのが好ましい。
本発明のゴム組成物は、上記シリカ(B)の分散性が向上する理由から、シランカップリング剤を含有するのが好ましい。
上記シランカップリング剤としては、具体的には、例えば、ビス(3-トリエトキシシリルプロピル)テトラスルフィド、ビス(3-トリエトキシシリルプロピル)トリスルフィド、ビス(3-トリエトキシシリルプロピル)ジスルフィド、ビス(2-トリエトキシシリルエチル)テトラスルフィド、ビス(3-トリメトキシシリルプロピル)テトラスルフィド、ビス(2-トリメトキシシリルエチル)テトラスルフィド、3-メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-メルカプトプロピルトリエトキシシラン、2-メルカプトエチルトリメトキシシラン、2-メルカプトエチルトリエトキシシラン、3-トリメトキシシリルプロピル-N,N-ジメチルチオカルバモイルテトラスルフィド、3-トリエトキシシリルプロピル-N,N-ジメチルチオカルバモイルテトラスルフィド、2-トリエトキシシリルエチル-N,N-ジメチルチオカルバモイルテトラスルフィド、3-トリメトキシシリルプロピルベンゾチアゾールテトラスルフィド、3-トリエトキシシリルプロピルベンゾチアゾールテトラスルフィド、3-トリエトキシシリルプロピルメタクリレートモノスルフィド、3-トリメトキシシリルプロピルメタクリレートモノスルフィド、ビス(3-ジエトキシメチルシリルプロピル)テトラスルフィド、3-メルカプトプロピルジメトキシメチルシラン、ジメトキシメチルシリルプロピル-N,N-ジメチルチオカルバモイルテトラスルフィド、ジメトキシメチルシリルプロピルベンゾチアゾールテトラスルフィド等が挙げられる。
このようなシランカップリング剤の含有量は、上記シリカ(B)の含有量に対して0.1~15質量%であるのが好ましく、2.0~13質量%であるのがより好ましい。
本発明のゴム組成物には、必要に応じて、その効果や目的を損なわない範囲でさらに添加剤を含有することができる。
上記添加剤としては、例えば、本発明のゴム組成物に含有されるシリカ(B)以外の充填剤(例えば、カーボンブラック)、酸化亜鉛、ステアリン酸、老化防止剤、加工助剤、アロマオイル、プロセスオイル、液状ポリマー、テルペン系樹脂、熱硬化性樹脂、加硫剤、加硫促進剤などのタイヤトレッド用のゴム組成物に一般的に使用される各種添加剤が挙げられる。
本発明のゴム組成物の製造方法は特に限定されず、その具体例としては、例えば、上述した各成分を、公知の方法、装置(例えば、バンバリーミキサー、ニーダー、ロールなど)を用いて、混練する方法などが挙げられる。
また、本発明のゴム組成物は、従来公知の加硫または架橋条件で加硫または架橋することができる。
本発明の空気入りタイヤは、上述した本発明のゴム組成物をタイヤトレッドに使用した空気入りタイヤである。
図1に、本発明の空気入りタイヤの実施態様の一例を表すタイヤの部分断面概略図を示すが、本発明の空気入りタイヤは図1に示す態様に限定されるものではない。
また、左右一対のビード部1間においては、繊維コードが埋設されたカーカス層4が装架されており、このカーカス層4の端部はビードコア5およびビードフィラー6の廻りにタイヤ内側から外側に折り返されて巻き上げられている。
また、タイヤトレッド3においては、カーカス層4の外側に、ベルト層7がタイヤ1周に亘って配置されている。
また、ビード部1においては、リムに接する部分にリムクッション8が配置されている。
窒素置換された100mlアンプル瓶に、シクロヘキサン28gおよびテトラメチルエチレンジアミン8.6mmolを添加し、さらに、n-ブチルリチウム6.1mmolを添加した。次いで、イソプレン8.0gをゆっくりと添加し、60℃のアンプル瓶内で120分反応させることにより、イソプレンブロック(開始剤1とする)を得た。この開始剤1について、重量平均分子量、分子量分布、およびイソプレン単位由来のビニル結合含有量を測定した。測定結果を第1表に示す。
重量平均分子量、分子量分布およびカップリング率(共役ジエン系ゴム(A)に対する構造体(a)の割合(質量%))については、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィにより、ポリスチレン換算の分子量に基づくチャートを得て、そのチャートに基づいて求めた。なお、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィの具体的な測定条件は、以下のとおりである。
・カラム:GMH-HR-H(東ソ一社製)2本を直列に連結した
・検出器:示差屈折計RI-8020(東ソ一社製)
・溶離夜:テトラヒドロフラン
・カラム温度:40℃
スチレン単位含有量およびビニル結合含有量については、1H-NMRにより測定した。
ムーニー粘度(ML1+4(100℃))については、JIS K6300-1:2001に準じて測定した。
窒素置換された100mlアンプル瓶に、シクロヘキサン28gおよびテトラメチルエチレンジアミン7.5mmolを添加し、さらに、n-ブチルリチウム5.4mmolを添加した。次いで、イソプレン7.0gをゆっくりと添加し、70℃のアンプル瓶内で120分反応させることにより、イソプレンブロック(開始剤2とする)を得た。この開始剤2について、重量平均分子量、分子量分布、およびイソプレン単位由来のビニル結合含有量を測定した。測定結果を第1表に示す。
下記第3表に示す成分を、下記第3表に示す割合(質量部)で配合した。なお、下記第3表中、アルキルシランC1、比較アルキルシラン1およびシランカップリング剤については、含有量の下欄の括弧書きの中に、シリカに対する質量%も記載している。
具体的には、まず、下記第3表に示す成分のうち硫黄および加硫促進剤を除く成分を、1.7リットルの密閉式バンバリーミキサーを用いて150℃付近に温度を上げてから、5分間混合した後に放出し、室温まで冷却してマスターバッチを得た。さらに、上記バンバリーミキサーを用いて、得られたマスターバッチに硫黄および加硫促進剤を混合し、タイヤトレッド用ゴム組成物を得た。
調製したタイヤトレッド用ゴム組成物(未加硫)について、JIS K6300-1:2001に準じて、L形ロータを使用し、予熱時間1分、ロータの回転時間4分、試験温度100℃の条件で、ムーニー粘度を測定した。
結果を第3表に示す。結果は標準例の値を100とする指数で表した。指数が小さいほど加工性に優れる。
調製したタイヤトレッド用ゴム組成物(未加硫)を金型(15cm×15cm×0.2cm)中で、160℃で20分間プレス加硫して加硫ゴムシートを作製した。
作製した加硫ゴムシートについて、JIS K6394:2007に準じて、粘弾性スペクトロメーター(岩本製作所社製)を用いて、伸張変形歪率10%±2%、振動数20Hz、温度0℃の条件で、tanδ(0℃)を測定した。
結果を第3表に示す。結果は標準例のtanδ(0℃)を100とする指数で表した。指数が大きいほどtanδ(0℃)が大きく、タイヤにしたときにウェット性能に優れる。
調製したタイヤトレッド用ゴム組成物(未加硫)を金型(15cm×15cm×0.2cm)中で、160℃で20分間プレス加硫して加硫ゴムシートを作製した。
作製した加硫ゴムシートについて、JIS K6394:2007に準じて、粘弾性スペクトロメーター(岩本製作所社製)を用いて、伸張変形歪率10%±2%、振動数20Hz、温度60℃の条件で、tanδ(60℃)を測定した。
結果を第3表に示す。結果は標準例のtanδ(60℃)を100とする指数で表した。指数が小さいほどtanδ(60℃)が小さく、タイヤにしたときに低転がり抵抗性に優れる。
調製したタイヤトレッド用ゴム組成物(未加硫)を金型(15cm×15cm×0.2cm)中で、160℃で20分間プレス加硫して加硫ゴムシートを作製した。
作製した加硫ゴムシートを、ランボーン摩耗試験機(株式会社岩本製作所製)を使用して、JIS K6264に準拠し、荷重1.5kg、スリップ率50%の条件にて測定し、試料の摩耗量を計測した。
耐摩耗性は、標準例の摩耗量を100として、次式により指数化したものであり、数値が大きいほど、耐摩耗性に優れることを示す。
耐摩耗性=(比較例1の摩耗量/試料の摩耗量)×100
・共役ジエン系ゴムA1:上述のとおり製造された共役ジエン系ゴムA1
・共役ジエン系ゴムA2:上述のとおり製造された共役ジエン系ゴムA2
・比較共役ジエン系ゴム1:NS616(日本ゼオン社製)(シリカ用末端変性SSBR)
・ブタジエンゴム:Nipo l1220(日本ゼオン社製)
・カーボンブラック:ショウブラックN339(CTAB吸着比表面積=90m2/g、キャボットジャパン社製)
・シリカB2:9000GR(窒素吸着比表面積:213m2/g、CTAB吸着比表面積:193m2/g、エボニック社製)
・比較シリカ1:Zeosil 1165MP(窒素吸着比表面積:160m2/g、CTAB吸着比表面積:159m2/g、ローディア社製)
・比較シリカ2:AQ(窒素吸着比表面積:211m2/g、CTAB吸着比表面積:160m2/g、東ソー・シリカ社製)
・比較アルキルシラン1:ジメチルジエトキシシラン(KBE-22、信越シリコーン社製)
・シランカップリング剤:Si69(デグサ社製)
・ステアリン酸:ステアリン酸YR(NOFコーポレーション社製)
・老化防止剤:Santoflex6PPD(Solutia Europe社製)
・ワックス:パラフィンワックス(大内新興化学工業社製)
・プロセスオイル:エキストラクト4号S(昭和シェル石油社製)
・硫黄:油処理イオウ(鶴見化学工業社製)
・加硫促進剤1:ノクセラーCZ-G(大内新興化学工業社製)
・加硫促進剤2:Perkacit DPG(Flexsys社製)
また、アルキルトリエトキシシラン(C)の含有量が多いゴム組成物は、耐摩耗性に劣り(比較例4)、アルキルトリエトキシシラン(C)の含有量が少ないゴム組成物は、加工性ならびにウェット性能、低転がり抵抗性および耐摩耗性の改善効果が不十分であることが分かった(比較例5)。
また、特定の表面性状を満たさないシリカを配合したゴム組成物は、耐摩耗性が劣ることが分かった(比較例6および7)。
また、シリカ(B)の含有量が少ないゴム組成物は、ウェット性能および低転がり抵抗性が劣ることが分かった(比較例8)。
また、共役ジエン系ゴム(A)の含有量が少ないゴム組成物は、加工性ならびにウェット性能、低転がり抵抗性および耐摩耗性の改善効果が不十分であることが分かった(比較例9)。
アルキルトリエトキシシラン(C)に相当しないジメチルジエトキシシランを配合したゴム組成物は、加工性ならびにウェット性能および低転がり抵抗性の改善効果は不十分であり、耐摩耗性が劣ることが分かった(比較例10)。
2 サイドウォール部
3 タイヤトレッド部
4 カーカス層
5 ビードコア
6 ビードフィラー
7 ベルト層
8 リムクッション
Claims (4)
- 共役ジエン系ゴム(A)を30質量%以上含むゴム成分と、シリカ(B)と、下記式(I)で表されるアルキルトリエトキシシラン(C)とを含有し、
前記共役ジエン系ゴム(A)が、共役ジエン系重合体鎖(a1)と、変性剤(a2)との反応により得られる、3以上の前記共役ジエン系重合体鎖(a1)が前記変性剤(a2)を介して結合してなる構造体(a)を5質量%以上含み、
前記共役ジエン系重合体鎖(a1)が、一方の端にイソプレン単位を70質量%以上含有するイソプレンブロックを有し、他方の端に活性末端を有する、共役ジエン系重合体鎖であり、
前記変性剤(a2)が、エポキシ基および/またはヒドロカルビルオキシシリル基を有し、前記エポキシ基と、前記ヒドロカルビルオキシシリル基に含まれるヒドロカルビルオキシ基との合計数が3以上である、変性剤であり、
前記シリカ(B)が、窒素吸着比表面積が194~225m2/gであり、かつ、CTAB吸着比表面積が180~210m2/gであり、
前記シリカ(B)の含有量が、前記ゴム成分100質量部に対して60~150質量部であり、
前記アルキルトリエトキシシラン(C)の含有量が、前記シリカ(B)の含有量に対して2.5~8.0質量%である、タイヤトレッド用ゴム組成物。
(式中、Rは、炭素数7~20のアルキル基を表す。) - 前記変性剤(a2)が、ポリオルガノシロキサンである、請求項1に記載のタイヤトレッド用ゴム組成物。
- 前記イソプレンブロックにおけるイソプレン単位由来のビニル結合含有量が21~85質量%である、請求項1または2に記載のタイヤトレッド用ゴム組成物。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のタイヤトレッド用ゴム組成物をタイヤトレッドに用いた空気入りタイヤ。
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