WO2014175227A1 - 水中機器及び水中機器の姿勢制御方法 - Google Patents
水中機器及び水中機器の姿勢制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014175227A1 WO2014175227A1 PCT/JP2014/061195 JP2014061195W WO2014175227A1 WO 2014175227 A1 WO2014175227 A1 WO 2014175227A1 JP 2014061195 W JP2014061195 W JP 2014061195W WO 2014175227 A1 WO2014175227 A1 WO 2014175227A1
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- Prior art keywords
- turbines
- power generation
- posture
- generation units
- turbine
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
- F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
- F03B17/061—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially in flow direction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/10—Submerged units incorporating electric generators or motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
- F03B13/26—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
- F03B13/264—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy using the horizontal flow of water resulting from tide movement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B15/00—Controlling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
- F05B2240/97—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a submerged structure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
- F05B2260/74—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades by turning around an axis perpendicular the rotor centre line
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
- F05B2270/11—Purpose of the control system to maintain desired vehicle trajectory parameters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
- F05B2270/806—Sonars
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a submerged floating underwater device, such as a floating and sinking submerged ocean current power generator and a ocean current power generator equipped with a power generation unit having a turbine that rotates in response to a sea current (tidal current) and its attitude control.
- a submerged floating underwater device such as a floating and sinking submerged ocean current power generator and a ocean current power generator equipped with a power generation unit having a turbine that rotates in response to a sea current (tidal current) and its attitude control.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-89438 for which it applied to Japan on April 22, 2013, and uses the content here.
- This ocean current power generation device is a twin-engine underwater floating power generation device in which a pair of power generation units each having a horizontal axis turbine that rotates in response to an ocean current are connected in parallel by a connecting beam and moored in the sea.
- variable pitch turbine blades are employed for the turbines of the pair of power generation units. By making all the turbine blades variable pitch turbine blades, the pitch can be adjusted so that the fluid resistance and output of each turbine do not exceed predetermined values.
- a pair of power generation units connected by a connection beam are moored on the sea floor via a buoyancy imparting support column for depth control and three mooring cables. And by controlling the length of at least one mooring cable among the three mooring cables connecting the buoyancy imparting strut and the seabed by the length control unit arranged on the buoyancy imparting strut, a pair of power generation units Control the depth and attitude of the.
- the present invention has been made paying attention to the above-described conventional problems, and can simplify the configuration and control system and reliably control the attitude of the apparatus main body including the pair of turbines in the roll direction. It is an object of the present invention to provide a submerged floating underwater device and a method for controlling the posture thereof.
- the present invention includes a plurality of turbines that rotate in water, and a posture control unit that controls a posture in a roll direction by controlling rotation of the plurality of turbines.
- a control unit provides an underwater device that controls a posture in a roll direction by controlling torque generated in each of the plurality of turbines as the plurality of turbines rotate.
- each of the plurality of turbines includes variable pitch turbine blades
- the attitude control unit may control the torque generated in each of the plurality of turbines by performing pitch control of the variable pitch turbine blades. Good.
- the underwater device is an underwater mooring type ocean current power generation apparatus that includes the plurality of turbines that rotate in response to an ocean current and includes a plurality of power generation units that generate electric power by rotation of the plurality of turbines.
- Each turbine in the power generation section includes a variable pitch turbine blade, and further includes an inclination detection means for detecting a deviation in a posture in a roll direction generated in the plurality of power generation sections, and the plurality of the plurality of detection detected by the inclination detection means.
- the posture control unit may perform pitch control of the variable pitch turbine blades of each turbine in the plurality of power generation units in order to cancel the deviation of the posture in the roll direction generated in the power generation unit.
- a flow state measurement unit that grasps the state of the current flow toward the plurality of power generation units and outputs it to the attitude control unit is arranged, Based on the measurement result from the flow state measuring means, the posture control unit avoids a change in posture in the roll direction in the plurality of power generation units, and the variable pitch turbine blades of each turbine in the plurality of power generation units. Pitch control may be performed.
- an ultrasonic Doppler velocimeter capable of measuring a flow velocity distribution in the depth direction may be used as the flow state measuring means, and a plurality of ultrasonic Doppler velocimeters may be arranged upstream of the plurality of power generation units.
- a buoy for measuring a flow state such as a flow velocity or a flow direction may be used as the flow state measuring means, and a plurality of buoys may be arranged upstream of the plurality of power generation units.
- the present invention controls the rotation of the plurality of turbines and controls the posture in the roll direction by controlling the torque generated in each of the plurality of turbines as the plurality of turbines rotating in water.
- a device attitude control method is also provided.
- each of the plurality of turbines may include a variable pitch turbine blade, and the torque generated in each of the plurality of turbines may be controlled by performing pitch control of the variable pitch turbine blade.
- the underwater device is an underwater mooring type ocean current power generation apparatus that includes the plurality of turbines that rotate in response to an ocean current and includes a plurality of power generation units that generate electric power by rotation of the plurality of turbines.
- the turbine blades of each turbine in the power generation section are variable pitch turbine blades, and the pitch control of the variable pitch turbine blades of each turbine in the plurality of power generation sections is made to cancel out the deviation of the posture in the roll direction generated in the plurality of power generation sections. May be performed.
- FIG. 2 is a partial plan view of a state in which a drag of a variable pitch turbine blade of a turbine in the ocean current power generation device illustrated in FIG. 1 is small.
- FIG. 2 is a partial plan view showing a state in which a drag of a variable pitch turbine blade of the turbine in the ocean current power generation device shown in FIG. 1 is large.
- It is a perspective view which shows the whole structure of the ocean current power generator by other embodiment of this invention.
- It is a perspective view which shows the whole structure of the ocean current electric power generating apparatus by further another embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 1, 2A and 2B show an ocean current power generation device as an embodiment of the underwater apparatus according to the present invention.
- twin floating generators as shown in these figures float and sink in the sea so that there is no significant difference between the depths of the pair of generators, that is, float and sink in the sea while keeping the pair of generators substantially horizontal. It is important to let In the ocean current power generation device according to the present invention, the “deviation of the posture in the roll direction generated in the pair of power generation units” means that the horizontal state of the pair of power generation units collapses and tilts.
- a horizontal axis type turbine that rotates by ocean current and generates electric power has a diameter of several tens of meters.
- the power generation unit having this turbine is moored at a depth of about several tens of meters,
- the power generation capacity is approximately several MW. The power generation capacity varies depending on the difference in specifications.
- this ocean current power generation apparatus 1 includes a pair of left and right pods 4, 4 each having a horizontal shaft type turbine 3 that rotates in response to an ocean current indicated by a white arrow, and these pods 4, 4 are arranged in parallel.
- the apparatus main body 2 provided with the connecting beam 5 connected to the seabed, the sinker 8 installed on the seabed, and the two mooring lines 6 connecting the sinker 8 and the apparatus main body 2 and mooring the apparatus main body 2 to the seabed B 6 is provided.
- the pair of pods 4, 4 constitutes a power generation unit by incorporating a generator (not shown) connected to the turbine shaft.
- the two mooring lines 6 and 6 are connected to the pair of pods 4 and 4 of the apparatus main body 2, respectively, and are connected to the sinker 8 as a single unit, forming a Y shape as a whole. ing.
- the turbine 3 is arranged on each downstream side (left side in the drawing) of the pair of pods 4 and 4 along the flow of the ocean current.
- the turbine 3 is connected to a hub 3a coupled to the rear end portion of the turbine shaft. Blades 3b and 3b are attached. These turbines 3 and 3 are configured to rotate in directions opposite to each other in order to cancel each rotational torque.
- the two blades 3b and 3b of the turbine 3 are variable pitch blades whose pitch with respect to the hub 3a can be changed.
- the pair of pods 4, 4 includes an inclination detection unit that detects a deviation of the posture in the roll direction generated in the pair of pods 4, and the posture in the roll direction of the pods 4, 4 detected by the inclination detection unit.
- an attitude control unit 9 that performs pitch control of the variable pitch turbine blades 3b and 3b in the turbines 3 and 3 is disposed.
- a gyro sensor gyroscope
- a depth meter can be employed as the tilt detecting means for detecting the deviation of the posture in the roll direction that occurs in the pair of pods 4, 4.
- the tilt detecting means Depth meter 7 is adopted. That is, in this embodiment, the depth gauges 7 and 7 are respectively installed in the pair of pods 4 and 4, and the roll direction generated in the pair of pods 4 and 4 based on the difference in depth obtained by both the depth gauges 7 and 7. Is detected.
- the gyro sensor and the depth gauges 7 and 7 may be used in combination.
- the pitch of the variable pitch turbine blade 3b is changed from a state where the drag is small to a state where the drag is large, thereby generating torque unbalance between the left and right turbines 3, thereby generating a pair of pods 4, 4 in the roll direction can be eliminated.
- the device body 2 starts to rotate in the roll direction when a slight deviation in the posture in the roll direction occurs in the pair of pods 4 and 4 (device body 2), this rotation Are detected by the depth meters 7 and 7, and a signal is output to the attitude control unit 9.
- one of the left and right turbines 3 is provided with a variable pitch in order to eliminate the deviation of the attitude in the roll direction in the pair of pods 4, 4 detected by the depth gauges 7, 7.
- Pitch control is performed to change the pitch of the turbine blade 3b from a state where the drag shown in FIG. 2A is small to a state where the drag shown in FIG. 2B is large.
- the left and right positions of the pair of pods 4 and 4 are controlled horizontally, and rotation in the roll direction in the apparatus main body 2 is suppressed.
- the posture of the pair of pods 4 and 4 in the roll direction can be controlled after simplifying the configuration of the apparatus and the control system.
- FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the ocean current power generation apparatus according to the present invention.
- the ocean current power generation apparatus 1 is configured to have a current flowing toward the pods 4, 4 upstream of a pair of pods 4, 4 moored on the seabed B (in the vicinity of the sinker 8 in the illustrated example).
- An ultrasonic Doppler velocimeter (ADCP) 10 is arranged as a flow state measuring means for grasping the flow state and outputting it to the attitude control unit 9.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the ocean current power generation apparatus 1 according to the previous embodiment.
- the ultrasonic Doppler velocimeter 10 as a flow state measuring means measures the flow velocity distribution in the depth direction by emitting an ultrasonic wave E upward from the seabed B side. By arranging a plurality (two in this embodiment), it is possible to measure a change in the flow velocity of the flow passing through the pair of pods 4 and 4.
- attitude control unit 9 of the ocean current power generation apparatus 1 a change in attitude in the roll direction in the pair of pods 4, 4 is avoided in advance based on the measurement result of the flow velocity distribution from the two ultrasonic Doppler velocimeters 10, 10.
- the pair of turbines 3 and 3 are caused to perform pitch control of the variable pitch turbine blades 3b and 3b.
- the flow velocity distribution in the depth direction of the ocean current changes on the upstream side of the pair of pods 4, 4, and the posture in the roll direction can change to the pair of pods 4, 4.
- the attitude control unit 9 assigns the variable pitch turbine blades 3b and 3b to the turbines 3 and 3, respectively. Let the pitch control. As a result, it is avoided that the pair of pods 4 and 4 lose their postures in the roll direction.
- FIG. 4 shows still another embodiment of the ocean current power generation apparatus according to the present invention.
- a buoy 11 for measuring a flow state such as a flow velocity and a flow direction is used as a flow state measuring means, and a plurality of the buoys 11 are arranged on the upstream side of a pair of pods 4 and 4. ing. Further, the plurality of buoys 11 are all moored to the sinker 8 via the cable 12.
- the flow velocity of the ocean current may be measured using the above-described ultrasonic Doppler velocimeter, or may be measured using a fluid measuring device such as an electromagnetic flow meter.
- the attitude control unit 9 causes the turbines 3 and 3 to perform the pitch control of the variable pitch turbine blades 3b and 3b. As a result, it is avoided that the pair of pods 4 and 4 lose their postures in the roll direction.
- the ultrasonic Doppler velocimeters 10 and 10 and the buoy 11 for measuring the flow condition are used as the flow condition measurement means. Change of the posture in the roll direction in the pods (power generation units) 4 and 4 is avoided.
- the pair of pods 4 and 4 can be used even if the current flow around the pair of pods 4 and 4 changes. Will not break the posture in the roll direction. Therefore, the torque generated in each turbine 3, 3 is measured, and the attitude control unit 9 controls the pitch of the variable pitch turbine blades 3b, 3b on each turbine 3, 3 so that these torques are maintained constant. Also, the deviation of the posture in the roll direction in the pair of pods 4 and 4 can be eliminated.
- a torque meter 13 for measuring the torque generated in the turbine shaft 3 c is installed on the turbine shaft 3 c of the turbine 3.
- FIG. 6 there is a method of calculating torque from the output of the output device (generator 12) connected to the turbine shaft 3c and the rotational speed of the turbine shaft 3c at that time.
- the torque balance between the turbines 3 and 3 included in the pair of pods 4 and 4 can also be adjusted by adjusting the load applied to the turbine shaft 3c from the generator 12 connected to the turbine shaft 3c.
- the torque generated in each of the turbines 3 and 3 is measured by the method illustrated in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, and the attitude control unit 9 maintains the torque from the generator 12 to the turbine.
- the load applied to the shaft 3c is adjusted. Therefore, it is not necessary to control the pitch of the variable pitch turbine blades 3b and 3b in the turbines 3 and 3 by the attitude control unit 9.
- FIG. 7 and 8 are flowcharts showing an example of attitude control by adjusting the torque balance of a turbine in an ocean current power generation apparatus including a plurality of turbines.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of torque balance control by pitch control of the turbine blade
- FIG. 8 shows an example of torque balance control by adjusting the load applied from the generator to the turbine shaft.
- the torques of a plurality (n) of turbines are measured, and the torque balance between the turbines is detected from the results.
- a control part (equivalent to the attitude
- the torque balance between the turbines is kept constant, and the deviation of the posture of the apparatus in the roll direction can be eliminated.
- the torques of a plurality of (n) turbines are measured, and the torque balance between the turbines is detected from the results.
- a control part (equivalent to the attitude
- the torque balance between the turbines is kept constant, and the deviation of the posture of the apparatus in the roll direction can be eliminated.
- the deviation of the posture in the roll direction generated in the pair of pods 4, 4 is detected by the inclination detecting means (depth meter 7), and the posture of the apparatus main body 2 is controlled based on the result. So-called feedback control is used.
- changes in the ocean current flow measured using the flow condition measuring means (ultrasonic Doppler velocimeter 10 or buoy 11) and torques generated in the turbines 3 and 3 are used.
- the so-called feedforward control is used to avoid the deviation of the posture of the pair of pods 4 and 4 before the deviation of the posture in the roll direction occurs. That is, the embodiment shown in and after FIG.
- each turbine 3 has an advantage that the posture of the apparatus main body 2 can be quickly controlled as compared with the embodiment shown in FIG. Further, based on the current of the ocean current obtained by using the flow condition measuring means (ultrasonic Doppler velocimeter 10 or buoy 11), the torque generated in each turbine 3, 3 is predicted and calculated, and based on this result, each turbine The torque balance between 3 and 3 may be adjusted.
- the flow condition measuring means ultrasonic Doppler velocimeter 10 or buoy 11
- the configurations of the ocean current power generation device and the ocean current power generation device attitude control method according to the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments. Additions, omissions, substitutions, and other exchanges can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Moreover, this invention is not limited by said description, It is limited only by the attached claim.
- the turbine 3 in each of the above embodiments has two variable pitch turbine blades 3b and 3b, but the number of turbine blades is not limited to this.
- the installation position of the turbine 3 in each pod 4 is not limited to the tail part of the pod 4 but may be the front part (on the sinker 8 side) or the center part of the pod 4 or a combination thereof.
- the pair of left and right pods 4, 4 are connected by the connecting beam 5, but three or more pods 4, 4 may be arranged via the connecting beam 3 or the like. Further, the plurality of pods 4 and 4 may be arranged vertically or vertically and horizontally. Further, the position and number of the inclination detecting means (depth meter 7) in each pod 4 are not limited to the above embodiments.
- the mooring line 6 extends from the pods 4 and 4 and has a Y-shape that joins in the middle.
- the mooring line 6 extends from the pods 4 and 4 and has the other end connected to the same sinker 8. It may be a shape.
- one or more mooring lines 6 may extend from individual pods 4 or connection beams 5.
- the mooring lines 6 extending from the pods 4 and 4 may be arranged three-dimensionally, for example, in an X shape when viewed from the front.
- the number of sinkers 8 to which the other end of the mooring line 6 is connected may be one or more.
- a known mooring method other than the mooring line 6 may be employed.
- each said embodiment demonstrated the case where this invention was applied to the ocean current power generator 1, this invention is provided with several turbines other than the ocean current power generator 1, and attitude
- Applicable to underwater equipment the present invention can be applied to a manned or unmanned self-propelled underwater vehicle or towed object, or a structure (such as a floating body) detained in water.
- a submerged floating underwater device ocean current and a posture control method thereof capable of reliably performing posture control in the roll direction of the apparatus main body while simplifying a configuration and a control system. It becomes possible to provide.
Abstract
Description
本願は、2013年4月22日に日本に出願された特願2013-89438号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
このような海水の流れを利用して発電を行う海流発電装置としては、例えば、特許文献1に記載された装置がある。この海流発電装置は、海流を受けて回転する水平軸型のタービンを有する一対の発電部同士を連結ビームにより並列に連結し、海中に係留した、双発の水中浮遊式発電装置である。
しかしながら、一対の発電部を浮力付与支柱及び3本の係留ケーブルを介して海底に係留する上述の海流発電装置では、その構成や姿勢を変更する姿勢制御系がシンプルであるとは言い難い。
図1、図2A及び図2Bは、本発明に係る水中機器の一実施形態としての、海流発電装置を示している。
すなわち、この実施例では、深度計7,7を一対のポッド4,4にそれぞれ設置し、両深度計7,7で得られる深度の差に基づいて、一対のポッド4,4に生じるロール方向の姿勢のずれを検出している。
なお、傾きの検出システムの冗長化を図るために、ジャイロセンサ及び深度計7,7を併用してもよい。
図3に示すように、この海流発電装置1は、海底Bに係留される一対のポッド4,4の上流側(図示例ではシンカー8の近傍)に、これらのポッド4,4に向かう海流の流れの状況を把握して姿勢制御部9に出力する流れ状況計測手段としての超音波ドップラー流速計(ADCP)10を配置した構成を成している。他の構成は、先の実施形態に係る海流発電装置1と同じである。
図4に示すように、この実施形態では、流速や流れの向き等の流況を計測するブイ11を流れ状況計測手段として、このブイ11を一対のポッド4,4の上流側に複数配置している。また、複数のブイ11は、いずれも索12を介してシンカー8に係留されている。
なお、海流の流速は、上記した超音波ドップラー流速計を用いて計測してもよいし、電磁流量計等の流体計測機器を用いて計測してもよい。
図7は、タービンブレードのピッチコントロールによるトルクバランス制御の例を示し、図8は、発電機からタービンシャフトにかかる負荷の調節によるトルクバランス制御の例を示している。
また、流れ状況計測手段(超音波ドップラー流速計10またはブイ11)を用いて得た海流の流況に基づき、各タービン3,3において発生するトルクを予測、算出し、この結果に基づき各タービン3,3間のトルクバランスを調節してもよい。
例えば、上記各実施形態におけるタービン3は2枚の可変ピッチタービンブレード3b,3bを有するが、タービンブレードの枚数はこれに限られない。個々のポッド4におけるタービン3の設置位置も、ポッド4の尾部のみならず、ポッド4の前部(シンカー8側)や中央部でもよく、あるいはこれらを組み合わせてもよい。また、上記各実施形態では、左右一対のポッド4、4が連結ビーム5により接続されているが、3個以上のポッド4,4が連結ビーム3等を介して配置されていてもよい。
さらに、複数のポッド4,4が上下もしくは上下左右に配置されていてもよい。
また、個々のポッド4における傾き検出手段(深度計7)の位置及び数も、上記各実施形態に限定されない。
3 タービン
3b 可変ピッチタービンブレード
4 ポッド(発電部)
7 深度計(傾き検出手段)
9 姿勢制御部
10 超音波ドップラー流速計(流れ状況計測手段)
11 ブイ(流れ状況計測手段)
12 発電機(出力機器)
Claims (9)
- 水中で回転する複数のタービンと、
これら複数のタービンの回転を制御することにより、ロール方向の姿勢を制御する姿勢制御部とを備え、
前記姿勢制御部が、前記複数のタービンの回転に伴い前記複数のタービンにそれぞれ発生するトルクを制御することにより、ロール方向の姿勢を制御する水中機器。 - 前記複数のタービンが、可変ピッチタービンブレードをそれぞれ備え、前記姿勢制御部が、前記複数のタービンにそれぞれ発生するトルクを、前記可変ピッチタービンブレードのピッチコントロールを行うことにより制御する請求項1に記載の水中機器。
- 前記水中機器が、海流を受けて回転する前記複数のタービンを有し、前記複数のタービンの回転により発電する、複数の発電部を備えた水中係留式の海流発電装置であって、
前記複数の発電部における各タービンが、可変ピッチタービンブレードをそれぞれ備え、
前記複数の発電部に生じるロール方向の姿勢のずれを検出する傾き検出手段と、
前記傾き検出手段で検出された前記複数の発電部に生じるロール方向の姿勢のずれを打ち消すべく、前記複数の発電部における各タービンの可変ピッチタービンブレードのピッチコントロールを行う前記姿勢制御部とを設けた請求項1に記載の水中機器。 - 海底に係留される前記複数の発電部の上流側に、前記複数の発電部側に向かう海流の流れの状況を把握して前記姿勢制御部に出力する流れ状況計測手段を配置し、
前記姿勢制御部では、前記流れ状況計測手段からの計測結果に基づいて、前記複数の発電部におけるロール方向の姿勢変化を未然に回避するべく、前記複数の発電部における各タービンの可変ピッチタービンブレードのピッチコントロールを行う請求項3に記載の水中機器。 - 深さ方向の流速分布を計測可能な超音波ドップラー流速計を前記流れ状況計測手段とし、この超音波ドップラー流速計を前記複数の発電部の上流側に複数配置した請求項4に記載の水中機器。
- 流況を計測するブイを前記流れ状況計測手段とし、このブイを前記複数の発電部の上流側に複数配置した請求項4に記載の水中機器。
- 水中で回転する複数のタービンの回転に伴いこれら複数のタービンにそれぞれ発生するトルクを制御することにより、前記複数のタービンの回転を制御し、ロール方向の姿勢を制御する水中機器の姿勢制御方法。
- 前記複数のタービンが、可変ピッチタービンブレードをそれぞれ備え、前記複数のタービンにそれぞれ発生するトルクを、前記可変ピッチタービンブレードのピッチコントロールを行うことにより制御する請求項7に記載の水中機器の姿勢制御方法。
- 前記水中機器が、海流を受けて回転する前記複数のタービンを有し、前記複数のタービンの回転により発電する複数の発電部を備えた水中係留式の海流発電装置であって、
前記複数の発電部における各タービンのタービンブレードをそれぞれ可変ピッチタービンブレードとし、
前記複数の発電部に生じるロール方向の姿勢のずれを打ち消すべく、前記複数の発電部における各タービンの可変ピッチタービンブレードのピッチコントロールを行う請求項7に記載の水中機器の姿勢制御方法。
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