WO2014162693A1 - 複合材料 - Google Patents
複合材料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014162693A1 WO2014162693A1 PCT/JP2014/001735 JP2014001735W WO2014162693A1 WO 2014162693 A1 WO2014162693 A1 WO 2014162693A1 JP 2014001735 W JP2014001735 W JP 2014001735W WO 2014162693 A1 WO2014162693 A1 WO 2014162693A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- solid electrolyte
- composite material
- sulfide
- alkali metal
- material according
- Prior art date
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 179
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 155
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052977 alkali metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 95
- 229910018091 Li 2 S Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium sulfide Chemical group [Li+].[Li+].[S-2] GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002203 sulfidic glass Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 33
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 17
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 9
- KSKNAKGBJGKLHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[C+4].[S-2] Chemical compound [Li+].[C+4].[S-2] KSKNAKGBJGKLHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003701 mechanical milling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000846 In alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 lithium triethylborohydride Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018130 Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HXQGSILMFTUKHI-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;sulfanide Chemical compound S[Li] HXQGSILMFTUKHI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018119 Li 3 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008745 Li2O-B2O3-P2O5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008523 Li2O-B2O3-ZnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008590 Li2O—B2O3—P2O5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008627 Li2O—B2O3—ZnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010835 LiI-Li2S-P2S5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010840 LiI—Li2S—P2S5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVFCKJNTIQZOPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S-2].[Fr+].[Fr+] Chemical compound [S-2].[Fr+].[Fr+] DVFCKJNTIQZOPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSJUEQHMUZRYRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S-2].[Li+].S.[Li+] Chemical compound [S-2].[Li+].S.[Li+] OSJUEQHMUZRYRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- QTNDMWXOEPGHBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicesium;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cs+].[Cs+] QTNDMWXOEPGHBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GMKDNCQTOAHUQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L dilithium;dioxido-oxo-sulfanylidene-$l^{6}-sulfane Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S GMKDNCQTOAHUQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BBLSYMNDKUHQAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L dilithium;sulfite Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])=O BBLSYMNDKUHQAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YGLBXEHGQGOHPL-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;2-(methylamino)butanoate Chemical compound [Li+].CCC(NC)C([O-])=O YGLBXEHGQGOHPL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LYUARYSAVQUGLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;triethylborane Chemical compound [Li].CCB(CC)CC LYUARYSAVQUGLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002116 nanohorn Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DPLVEEXVKBWGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[K+].[K+] DPLVEEXVKBWGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AHKSSQDILPRNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium(1+);sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Rb+].[Rb+] AHKSSQDILPRNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CC(N)C1 RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/581—Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
- H01M4/5815—Sulfides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1397—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/663—Selection of materials containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite material that can be used as a positive electrode material of a lithium ion battery and a method for producing the same.
- a lithium ion conductive ceramic based on Li 3 N is conventionally known as a solid electrolyte exhibiting a high ion conductivity of 10 ⁇ 3 Scm ⁇ 1 at room temperature.
- the decomposition voltage is low, a battery that operates at 3 V or more cannot be constructed.
- Patent Document 1 discloses 10 ⁇ 4 Scm ⁇ 1 solid electrolyte
- Patent Document 2 similarly describes an electrolyte synthesized from Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 with 10 Ionic conductivity on the order of -4 Scm -1 is disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 is a sulfide-based crystallized glass obtained by synthesizing Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 in a ratio of 68 to 74 mol%: 26 to 32 mol%, and has an ion conductivity of 10 ⁇ 3 Scm ⁇ 1 unit. Realized.
- the positive electrode of a conventional all-solid lithium battery uses an oxide-based positive electrode active material such as LCO and a sulfide-based solid electrolyte. It was manufactured (Patent Document 4).
- Non-Patent Document 7 a technology for mixing a positive electrode with amorphous lithium sulfide having a high theoretical capacity and a conductive agent is disclosed (Patent Document 7), but a lithium ion battery using such a positive electrode operates at a high rate. In this case, the charge / discharge capacity is lowered.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes a production method using lithium triethylborohydride (LiEt3BH), but this production method is difficult to mass synthesize.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a composite material that has a high charge / discharge capacity when used for a positive electrode of an all-solid battery and can use a negative electrode active material that does not contain lithium ions for a negative electrode.
- the following composite materials and the like are provided. 1. Including an alkali metal sulfide, a conductive aid having pores, and a solid electrolyte; The alkali metal sulfide, the conductive additive and the solid electrolyte are combined, A composite material having a half-value width of the alkali metal sulfide peak measured by X-ray diffraction of 1.0 ° or more. 2. 2. The composite material according to 1, wherein at least a part of the alkali metal sulfide is dispersed inside pores of the conductive additive. 3. The composite material according to 1 or 2, wherein the alkali metal sulfide is lithium sulfide. 4). 4.
- 6. The composite material according to any one of 1 to 5, wherein the solid electrolyte is a sulfide solid electrolyte. 7).
- the solid electrolyte is a sulfide solid electrolyte containing Li, P, S and I, a sulfide solid electrolyte containing Li, P, S and Br, or a sulfide solid electrolyte containing Li, P, S and Cl.
- a lithium ion battery comprising the electrode according to 12.11 as a positive electrode layer.
- the method for producing a composite material according to 13, comprising the following steps (A) and (B).
- a step of producing a composite material precursor by combining the auxiliary composite with a solid electrolyte A step of reacting the composite material precursor with an alkali metal 15.
- the conductive additive is activated carbon. 19. 19.
- 26. The method for producing a composite material according to any one of 13 to 22 and 25, wherein the reaction between the molded body and the alkali metal is performed by pressure-bonding the molded body and the alkali metal foil.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a composite material that has a high charge / discharge capacity when used for the positive electrode of an all-solid battery and can use a negative electrode active material that does not contain lithium ions for the negative electrode.
- the composite material of the present invention includes an alkali metal sulfide, a conductive assistant having pores, and a solid electrolyte, and the alkali metal sulfide, the conductive assistant, and the solid electrolyte are combined. Moreover, the half-value width of the peak of the alkali metal sulfide measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) is 1.0 ° or more.
- Composite means that an alkali metal sulfide, a conductive additive having pores, and a solid electrolyte are physically or chemically bonded to each other. This can be confirmed by observing the composition by XRD or observing the element distribution with an electron microscope or the like.
- the peak half-value width of the alkali metal sulfide in XRD measurement is as large as 1.0 ° or more, and the peak is broad. This means that the growth of the crystal structure is suppressed, that is, the crystal is small. The smaller the crystal, the easier the movement of Li ions and the better the dispersibility. As a result, the performance when used for the positive electrode material of an all-solid battery, particularly the charge / discharge capacity per sulfur weight, is excellent.
- the composite material preferably, at least a part of the alkali metal sulfide exists in the pores of the conductive additive and is finely dispersed. This can be confirmed by observing the crystal peak intensity by XRD or observing the element distribution with an electron microscope or the like.
- the peak half width of the alkali metal sulfide in the XRD measurement is preferably 1.3 ° or more, more preferably 1.6 ° or more. Moreover, it is usually 10.0 degrees or less.
- the peak half-value width of the alkali metal sulfide is measured by the method described in the examples. Of the plurality of alkali metal sulfide peaks, at least one peak may have a peak half width of 1.0 ° or more.
- the peak half-value width of the alkali metal sulfide changes in the same manner for all peaks. For example, as the dispersibility of the alkali metal sulfide in the composite material increases, the full width at half maximum of the peak tends to increase.
- the peak at which the half width is measured does not interfere with the peak due to the phase other than the alkali metal sulfide, and is preferably a peak having a higher intensity.
- Alkali metal sulfide is not particularly limited. Examples thereof include lithium sulfide, sodium sulfide, potassium sulfide, rubidium sulfide, cesium sulfide, francium sulfide, and the like, preferably lithium sulfide and sodium sulfide, and more preferably lithium sulfide.
- the composite material can contain an alkali metal in an amount higher than the stoichiometric ratio of the alkali metal sulfide.
- an alkali metal in an amount higher than the stoichiometric ratio of the alkali metal sulfide.
- the molar ratio of Li: S is 2: 1, but Li can be excessively doped at a ratio of 2.1: 1 to 6: 1, for example. This reason is presumed to be due to the fine dispersion of Li metal in the composite material.
- the conductive auxiliary agent may be any material having electron conductivity having a plurality of pores, but a carbon material is preferable.
- the BET specific surface area of the conductive assistant is preferably 0.1 m 2 / g or more and 5000 m 2 / g or less, more preferably 1 m 2 / g or more and 4000 m 2 / g or less, and further preferably 1 m 2 / g or more. It is 3000 m 2 / g or less, and most preferably 10 m 2 / g or more and 3000 m 2 / g or less. If it is less than 0.1 m 2 / g, it may be difficult to complex with the alkali metal sulfide, and if it exceeds 5000 m 2 / g, it may be bulky and difficult to handle.
- the pores of the conductive assistant preferably have an average diameter of 1 nm to 40 nm, more preferably 1 nm to 20 nm.
- the BET specific surface area and the average diameter of the pores can be measured using a nitrogen adsorption isotherm obtained by adsorbing nitrogen gas to the composite material under liquid nitrogen.
- the BET specific surface area can be obtained by the BET method
- the average diameter of the pores can be obtained by the BJH (Barrett-Joyner-Halenda) method.
- the carbon material satisfying the BET specific surface area and pores is not particularly limited, but carbon black such as ketjen black and acetylene black, mesoporous carbon, carbon nanotube, carbon nanohorn, fullerene, amorphous carbon, carbon fiber, Examples thereof include natural graphite, artificial graphite, activated carbon and the like. Moreover, these composite materials can also be used.
- Mesoporous carbon is a carbon material having pores two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally obtained by, for example, a production method described in the following literature: J. et al. Sang, S .; H. Joe, R.A. Ryoo, et. , J .; Am. Chem. Soc. , 122 (2000) 10712-10713, and T.W. Yokoi, Y. et al. Sakamoto, O .; Terasaki, et. , J .; Am. Chem. Soc. , 128 (2006) 13664-13665
- an inorganic solid electrolyte is preferable.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte include an oxide solid electrolyte and a sulfide solid electrolyte, but a sulfide solid electrolyte is more preferable.
- sulfide solid electrolyte a sulfide solid electrolyte containing Li, P and S is preferable.
- a sulfide-based solid electrolyte containing Li, P and S a sulfide-based solid electrolyte using at least Li 2 S as a raw material is more preferable.
- a sulfide-based solid electrolyte using Li 2 S as a raw material a sulfide-based solid electrolyte using Li 2 S and other sulfides as raw materials is more preferable.
- sulfide-based solid electrolyte using Li 2 S and other sulfides as raw materials those having a molar ratio of Li 2 S and other sulfides of 50:50 to 95: 5 are particularly preferable.
- a sulfide-based solid electrolyte using at least Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 as raw materials is preferable.
- a sulfide-based solid electrolyte using Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 as raw materials is preferable.
- Li 2 S and a sulfide-based solid electrolyte as a raw material of P 2 S 5 is used as a raw material
- a halide may be further added to the solid electrolyte.
- the halide include LiI, LiBr, LiCl and the like.
- Specific examples of the solid electrolyte to which a halide is added include a sulfide-based solid electrolyte containing Li, P, S and I, a sulfide-based solid electrolyte containing Li, P, S and Br, Li, P, S and Examples thereof include sulfide-based solid electrolytes containing Cl.
- solid electrolyte examples include Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 , LiI—Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 , LiBr—Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 , Li 3 PO 4 —Li 2 S—Si.
- Sulfide-based solid electrolytes such as 2 S, Li 2 O—B 2 O 3 —P 2 O 5 , Li 2 O—SiO 2 , Li 2 O—P 2 O 5 , Li 2 O—B 2 O 3 —ZnO Examples thereof include oxide-based solid electrolytes.
- the solid electrolyte may be in a glass state obtained by a manufacturing method such as an MM (mechanical milling) method, a melting method, or the like, or in a glass ceramic state obtained by heat treatment.
- a specific example of the solid electrolyte in the glass ceramic state is a solid electrolyte having a Li 7 P 3 S 11 crystal structure.
- Other specific examples include a Li 3 PS 4 crystal structure, a Li 4 P 2 S 6 crystal structure, a Li 7 PS 6 crystal structure, and a Li 4-x Ge 1-x P x S 4 system thiolithicone type II crystal structure ( Kanno et al., Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 148 (7) A742-746 (2001)).
- the shape, size, etc. of the solid electrolyte are not particularly limited, but those having a primary particle diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less are preferable, and those having a particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less are more preferable.
- a material in which sulfur, a conductive additive having pores, and a solid electrolyte are combined and at least a part of sulfur is present inside the pores of the conductive additive.
- Body is reacted with an alkali metal.
- the method of reacting the composite material precursor with the alkali metal include a method of simply mixing the composite material precursor and the alkali metal and a method of performing a discharge reaction through an external circuit.
- a method in which only the composite material precursor and the alkali metal are simply mixed is used. This is because the alkali metal has high reactivity.
- the alkali metal may be in the form of a foil, in the form of flakes, granules or powder.
- the composite material precursor may be reacted with an alkali metal as it is, or the composite material precursor may be once reacted with an alkali metal after being formed into a molded body.
- the composite material precursor can be reacted once by forming it into a molded body and then pressing it with an alkali metal, specifically, an alkali metal foil.
- alkali metal include Li, Na, K, Rb and the like, and Li is preferable.
- the alkali metal is usually used in an amount of 10 to 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the composite material precursor.
- a method in which a composite material precursor and an alkali metal are contacted and mixed by a mill that does not contain balls for example, a planetary ball mill (medialess ball mill) is preferable.
- the pressure is preferably 1 MPa or more and 1000 MPa or less, more preferably 5 MPa or more and 500 MPa or less, and further preferably 10 MPa or more and 60 MPa.
- the temperature at that time is preferably 0 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 10 ° C. or higher and 180 ° C. or lower.
- the alkali metal foil may be pressure-bonded to the composite material precursor on the current collector side or the solid electrolyte layer side of the composite material precursor. In addition, it is preferable that the amount of alkali metal foil remaining on the molded body is small.
- the composite material precursor is a material in which sulfur and a conductive additive having pores are combined, and at least a part of the sulfur is present in the pores of the conductive auxiliary agent ( Sulfur-conducting aid composite) can be produced by compounding with a solid electrolyte.
- a method for combining the sulfur-conducting aid complex and the solid electrolyte include a method of mixing by a planetary ball mill to form a composite. The same solid electrolyte can be used as described above.
- the sulfur-conductive aid complex can be produced by combining sulfur and a conductive additive having pores.
- sulfur and a conductive additive are mixed by a planetary ball mill, combined with a heat treatment above the melting point of sulfur, and combined with a conductive additive.
- a method of compounding by dissolving sulfur in a solvent and drying is exemplified, and a plurality of methods can be combined.
- the composite material of the present invention can be used as an electrode.
- the electrode can be produced by a method of press-molding the composite material of the present invention by a usual method to form a sheet-like electrode.
- a method of forming an electrode by forming a composite material and an electrode material containing the composite material into a film shape on a current collector can be used.
- the film forming method include an aerosol deposition method, a screen printing method, and a cold spray method.
- distributing or partly dissolving in a solvent is mentioned. You may mix a binder as needed.
- a plate-like body, a foil-like body, a mesh-like body, or the like made of stainless steel, gold, platinum, copper, zinc, nickel, tin, aluminum, or an alloy thereof can be used.
- the layer thickness may be appropriately selected according to the battery design.
- the above electrode can be used as a positive electrode layer of a lithium ion battery.
- a known configuration in this technical field can be used, and a negative electrode layer not including lithium ions can be selected as the negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode is not particularly limited as long as it can be used for a normal battery. It may consist of a negative electrode mixture in which a negative electrode active material and a solid electrolyte are mixed.
- What is marketed can be used as a negative electrode active material.
- carbon materials, Sn metal, In metal, Si metal, and alloys of these metals can be used.
- natural graphite, various graphites, metal powders such as Si, Sn, Al, Sb, Zn, Bi, metal alloys such as SiAl, Sn 5 Cu 6 , Sn 2 Co, Sn 2 Fe, other amorphous alloys, A plating alloy is mentioned.
- these Li alloys can also be used.
- the particle size is not particularly limited, but those having an average particle size of several ⁇ m to 80 ⁇ m, for example, 1 ⁇ m to 80 ⁇ m, and 2 ⁇ m to 70 ⁇ m can be preferably used.
- the solid electrolyte is not particularly limited, and known ones can be used.
- oxide-based solid electrolytes, sulfide-based solid electrolytes, and polymer-based electrolytes are preferable, and sulfide-based solid electrolytes are more preferable from the viewpoint of ionic conductivity.
- This sulfide-based solid electrolyte is preferably used for the above composite material.
- the particle size is not particularly limited, but those having an average particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, for example, 0.5 ⁇ m to 80 ⁇ m, and 1 ⁇ m to 60 ⁇ m can be preferably used.
- the average particle diameter can use the measuring method as described in an Example.
- the method for producing the lithium battery is not particularly limited.
- a solid electrolyte layer is formed on a sheet in which a positive electrode layer composed of an electrode containing the composite material of the present invention is formed on a positive electrode current collector, and a sheet in which a negative electrode layer is formed on a previously formed negative electrode current collector is laminated.
- the solid electrolyte layer includes a solid electrolyte. There is no restriction
- the particle size is not particularly limited, but those having an average particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, for example, 0.5 ⁇ m to 80 ⁇ m, and 1 ⁇ m to 60 ⁇ m can be preferably used. Moreover, the average particle diameter can use the measuring method as described in an Example.
- Lithium sulfide was produced according to the method of the first embodiment (two-step method) in JP-A-7-330312. Specifically, 3326.4 g (33.6 mol) of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and 287.4 g (12 mol) of lithium hydroxide were charged into a 10-liter autoclave equipped with a stirring blade at 300 rpm, 130 The temperature was raised to ° C. After the temperature rise, hydrogen sulfide was blown into the liquid at a supply rate of 3 liters / minute for 2 hours.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- 287.4 g (12 mol) of lithium hydroxide were charged into a 10-liter autoclave equipped with a stirring blade at 300 rpm, 130 The temperature was raised to ° C. After the temperature rise, hydrogen sulfide was blown into the liquid at a supply rate of 3 liters / minute for 2 hours.
- this reaction solution was heated under a nitrogen stream (200 cc / min), and the reacted lithium hydrosulfide was dehydrosulfurized to obtain lithium sulfide.
- water produced as a by-product due to the reaction between hydrogen sulfide and lithium hydroxide started to evaporate, but this water was condensed by the condenser and extracted out of the system.
- water was distilled out of the system the temperature of the reaction solution rose, but when the temperature reached 180 ° C., the temperature increase was stopped and the temperature was kept constant.
- the reaction was completed after the dehydrosulfurization reaction of lithium hydrosulfide (about 80 minutes) to obtain lithium sulfide.
- the impurity content in the obtained lithium sulfide was measured. Content of each sulfur oxide of lithium sulfite (Li 2 SO 3 ), lithium sulfate (Li 2 SO 4 ), lithium thiosulfate (Li 2 S 2 O 3 ), and lithium N-methylaminobutyrate (LMAB) Quantification was performed by ion chromatography. As a result, the total content of sulfur oxides was 0.13% by mass, and LMAB was 0.07% by mass. Li 2 S thus purified was used in the following examples.
- the obtained solid electrolyte glass particles were sealed in a SUS tube under an Ar atmosphere in a glove box, and subjected to a heat treatment at 300 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain electrolyte glass ceramic particles (average particle size 14.52 ⁇ m).
- the average particle diameter was measured in a measuring range of 0.02 ⁇ m to 2000 ⁇ m using a particle size distribution measuring device (Mastersizer 2000 (manufactured by Malvern)).
- Mastersizer 2000 manufactured by Malvern
- a peak was observed at 0.0 deg.
- the obtained solid electrolyte glass ceramic particles are made of Li 7 P 3 S 11 crystals. Further, when the conductivity of the solid electrolyte glass ceramic particles was evaluated, the conductivity was 1.3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 S / cm.
- Production Example 2 [Production of solid electrolyte] Li 2 S with an average particle size of about 30 ⁇ m produced in Production Example 1 (2), P 2 S 5 with an average particle size of about 50 ⁇ m (made by Aldrich) 5.27 g and LiBr (made by Aldrich) 1.40 g was put in a 500 ml alumina container containing 600 g of 10 mm ⁇ alumina balls and sealed. The above weighing and sealing operations were all carried out in a glove box, and all the equipment used was water removed beforehand with a dryer. This sealed alumina container was mechanically milled at room temperature for 20 hours using a planetary ball mill (LP-4 manufactured by Ito Seisakusho) to obtain white yellow solid electrolyte glass particles.
- a planetary ball mill LP-4 manufactured by Ito Seisakusho
- the recovery rate at this time was 65%.
- the solid electrolyte glass particles were sealed in a SUS tube under an Ar atmosphere in a glove box, and subjected to a heat treatment at 220 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain electrolyte glass ceramic particles.
- the conductivity of the solid electrolyte glass ceramic particles was 0.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 S / cm.
- Production Example 4 [Production of Composite Material Precursor] 5.00 g of the sulfur-conducting aid composite produced in Production Example 3 and 5.00 g of the solid electrolyte produced in Production Example 2 and 600 g of alumina balls having a diameter of 10 mm are placed in a 500 ml alumina container and mechanically milled for 20 hours. Thus, a composite of sulfur, a conductive additive and a solid electrolyte (composite material precursor) was obtained.
- Production Example 5 [Production of solid electrolyte] Li 2 S 3.90 g having an average particle size of about 30 ⁇ m and 6.10 g of P 2 S 5 (manufactured by Aldrich) having an average particle size of about 50 ⁇ m produced in Production Example 1 (2) were filled with 600 g of 10 mm diameter alumina balls. The container was sealed in a 500 ml alumina container. The above weighing and sealing operations were all carried out in a glove box, and all the equipment used was water removed beforehand with a dryer. This sealed alumina container was mechanically milled at room temperature for 20 hours using a planetary ball mill (LP-4 manufactured by Ito Seisakusho) to obtain white yellow solid electrolyte glass particles. The recovery rate at this time was 65%. The conductivity of the solid electrolyte glass ceramic particles was 0.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 S / cm.
- Production Example 6 [Production of Composite Material Precursor] 5.00 g of the sulfur-conducting aid composite obtained in Production Example 3, 5.00 g of the solid electrolyte produced in Production Example 5, and 600 g of alumina balls having a diameter of 10 mm are placed in a 500 ml alumina container and subjected to mechanical milling for 20 hours. Thus, a composite of sulfur, a conductive additive and a solid electrolyte (composite material precursor) was obtained.
- Example 1 Examples of the composite positive electrode material of the present invention will be described below.
- the measuring method of 0.2C discharge capacity, 1C discharge capacity, and 2C discharge capacity of the lithium ion battery produced by all the examples and the comparative examples is as follows.
- the 0.2 C discharge capacity was a constant current discharge of 0.785 mA, and the discharge capacity up to a final voltage of 0.5 V was measured.
- the 1C discharge capacity was a constant current discharge of 3.927 mA, and the discharge capacity up to a final voltage of 0.5 V was measured.
- the 2C discharge capacity was a constant current discharge of 7.854 mA, and the discharge capacity up to a final voltage of 0.5 V was measured.
- the discharge capacity was measured using HJ1005SM8 manufactured by Hokuto Denko Corporation.
- the 0.2C discharge capacity was 0.400 mA constant current discharge, and the discharge capacity up to a final voltage of 0.6V was measured.
- the 1C discharge capacity was a constant current discharge of 2.0 mA, and the discharge capacity up to a final voltage of 0.6 V was measured.
- the 2C discharge capacity was a constant current discharge of 4.0 mA, and the discharge capacity up to a final voltage of 0.5 V was measured.
- the discharge capacity was measured using HJ1005SM8 manufactured by Hokuto Denko Corporation.
- the measurement conditions for XRD are as follows. The same applies to all the following examples and comparative examples.
- a lithium battery was prepared using the composite positive electrode for the positive electrode layer, the solid electrolyte produced in Production Example 1 for the electrolyte layer, and the In / Li alloy for the negative electrode, and the charge / discharge capacity was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
- This composite positive electrode is used for the positive electrode layer
- the solid electrolyte produced in Production Example 1 is used for the electrolyte layer
- the silicon powder is used for the negative electrode
- the solid electrolyte produced in Production Example 1 is 17 parts by weight of Li foil with respect to 100 parts by weight of the silicon powder.
- a lithium battery was prepared using the negative electrode composite with the attached, and the charge / discharge capacity was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
- This composite positive electrode is used as the positive electrode layer
- the solid electrolyte prepared in Production Example 1 is used as the electrolyte layer
- the silicon powder is used as the negative electrode
- the solid electrolyte produced in Production Example 1 is 6 parts by weight of Li foil with respect to 100 parts by weight of the silicon powder.
- a lithium battery was prepared using the negative electrode composite with the attached, and the charge / discharge capacity was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 6 [Production and Evaluation of Composite Cathode Material and Battery] 8.684 g of the composite material precursor produced in Production Example 6 and 1.316 g of 0.1 mmt, 3 mm square Li foil (manufactured by Honjo Metal Co., Ltd.) are placed in a 500 ml alumina container, and stirred for 15 minutes with a shell. And sealed with a lid. This sealed alumina container was agitated for 17 hours in a planetary ball mill apparatus not containing ceramic balls, to produce a composite cathode material of lithium sulfide, a conductive additive and a solid electrolyte.
- This composite positive electrode is used for the positive electrode layer
- the solid electrolyte produced in Production Example 1 is used for the electrolyte layer
- the silicon powder is used for the negative electrode
- the solid electrolyte produced in Production Example 1 is 17 parts by weight of Li foil with respect to 100 parts by weight of the silicon powder.
- a lithium battery was prepared using the negative electrode composite with the attached, and the charge / discharge capacity was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
- This composite positive electrode is used for the positive electrode layer
- the solid electrolyte produced in Production Example 1 is used for the electrolyte layer
- the silicon powder is used for the negative electrode
- the solid electrolyte produced in Production Example 1 is 17 parts by weight of Li foil with respect to 100 parts by weight of the silicon powder.
- a lithium battery was prepared using the negative electrode composite with the attached, and the charge / discharge capacity was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 8 [Production and Evaluation of Composite Cathode Material and Battery] 1.700 g of the composite material precursor produced in Production Example 6 and 0.696 g of 0.1 mmt, 3 mm square Li foil (manufactured by Honjo Metal Co., Ltd.) are placed in a 50 ml alumina container, and stirred for 15 minutes with a shell. And sealed with a lid. This sealed alumina container was agitated for 17 hours in a planetary ball mill apparatus not containing ceramic balls, to produce a composite cathode material of lithium sulfide, a conductive additive and a solid electrolyte.
- Comparative Example 1 [Production / Evaluation of Composite Cathode Material and Battery] A composite positive electrode material composed of a lithium sulfide carbon composite and a solid electrolyte was produced using the composite method of lithium sulfide and a conductive additive described in International Publication No. 2012/102037 pamphlet. Specifically, 8.50 g of the sulfur-conducting aid complex prepared in Production Example 3 was added to 72 ml of THF, and 1.7 MTEBHLi (hydrogenation) in which the solvent was a THF solution and the volume molarity was 1.7. Lithium triethylboron) solution (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, 120-05631) 240 ml was added and heated to 65 ° C. and stirred for 8 hours.
- Lithium triethylboron Lithium triethylboron
- THF was added to dissolve unreacted TEBHLi in this THF, and unreacted TEBHLi was removed.
- This removal operation with THF was performed twice, and then the removal operation with hexane was repeated twice, and then the solvent was removed by vacuuming at room temperature, followed by vacuum heating at 150 ° C. for 2 hours and further heating at 300 ° C. for 2 hours. It dried and collect
- Comparative Example 2 [Production / Evaluation of Composite Cathode Material and Battery] A composite positive electrode material composed of a lithium sulfide carbon composite and a solid electrolyte was produced using the composite method of lithium sulfide and a conductive additive disclosed in International Publication No. 2012/102037 pamphlet. Specifically, 8.50 g of the sulfur-conducting agent complex prepared in Production Example 3 was added to 72 ml of THF, and a 1.7 MTEBHLi solution (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) having a THF solution and a volume molarity of 1.7 was added thereto. 240 ml of Yakuhin Co., Ltd., 120-05631) was added and heated to 65 ° C. and stirred for 8 hours.
- a 1.7 MTEBHLi solution (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) having a THF solution and a volume molarity of 1.7
- THF was added to dissolve unreacted TEBHLi in this THF, and unreacted TEBHLi was removed.
- This removal operation with THF was performed twice, and then the removal operation with hexane was repeated twice, and then the solvent was removed by vacuuming at room temperature, followed by vacuum heating at 150 ° C. for 2 hours and further heating at 300 ° C. for 2 hours. It dried and collect
- the composite material of the present invention can be used for a positive electrode of a lithium ion battery.
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Abstract
Description
また、非特許文献1には、水素化トリエチルホウ素リチウム(LiEt3BH)を利用した製造方法が記載されているが、この製造方法は大量合成が困難であった。
1.アルカリ金属硫化物、細孔を有する導電助剤、及び固体電解質を含み、
前記アルカリ金属硫化物、前記導電助剤及び前記固体電解質が複合化され、
X線回折で測定した前記アルカリ金属硫化物のピークの半値幅が1.0°以上である複合材料。
2.前記アルカリ金属硫化物の少なくとも一部が前記導電助剤の細孔の内部に分散している1に記載の複合材料。
3.前記アルカリ金属硫化物が硫化リチウムである1又は2に記載の複合材料。
4.前記導電助剤が炭素材料である1~3のいずれかに記載の複合材料。
5.前記導電助剤が活性炭である1~4のいずれかに記載の複合材料。
6.前記固体電解質が硫化物系固体電解質である1~5のいずれかに記載の複合材料。
7.前記固体電解質がLi、P及びSを含む硫化物系固体電解質である1~6のいずれかに記載の複合材料。
8.前記固体電解質が、Li、P、S及びIを含む硫化物系固体電解質、Li、P、S及びBrを含む硫化物系固体電解質、又はLi、P、S及びClを含む硫化物系固体電解質である1~7のいずれかに記載の複合材料。
9.前記固体電解質が少なくともLi2SとP2S5を原料として得られるものであり、原料として用いるLi2SとP2S5のモル比がLi2S:P2S5=60:40~80:20である1~8のいずれかに記載の複合材料。
10.前記固体電解質の一次粒子径が0.1μm以上100μm以下である1~9のいずれかに記載の複合材料。
11.1~10のいずれかに記載の複合材料から得られる電極。
12.11に記載の電極を正極層として含むリチウムイオン電池。
13.硫黄、細孔を有する導電助剤、及び固体電解質を含み、前記硫黄、前記導電助剤及び前記固体電解質が複合化され、前記硫黄の少なくとも一部が前記導電助剤の細孔の内部に存在する複合材料前駆体を、
アルカリ金属と反応させることを含む複合材料の製造方法。
14.下記工程(A)及び(B)を含む13に記載の複合材料の製造方法。
(A) 硫黄、及び細孔を有する導電助剤を含み、前記硫黄及び前記導電助剤が複合化され、前記硫黄の少なくとも一部が前記導電助剤の細孔の内部に存在する硫黄-導電助剤複合体を、固体電解質と複合化して複合材料前駆体を製造する工程
(B) 前記複合材料前駆体をアルカリ金属と反応させる工程
15.下記工程(A-1)、(A-2)及び(B)を含む13又は14に記載の複合材料の製造方法。
(A-1) 硫黄と、細孔を有する導電助剤を複合化して、硫黄-導電助剤複合体を製造する工程
(A-2) 前記硫黄-導電助剤複合体を固体電解質と複合化して、複合材料前駆体を製造する工程
(B) 前記複合材料前駆体をアルカリ金属と反応させる工程
16.前記アルカリ金属がリチウム金属である13~15のいずれかに記載の複合材料の製造方法。
17.前記導電助剤が炭素材料である13~16のいずれかに記載の複合材料の製造方法。
18.前記導電助剤が活性炭である13~17のいずれかに記載の複合材料の製造方法。
19.前記固体電解質が硫化物系固体電解質である13~18のいずれかに記載の複合材料の製造方法。
20.前記固体電解質が、Li、P及びSを含む硫化物系固体電解質である13~19のいずれかに記載の複合材料の製造方法。
21.前記固体電解質が、少なくともLi2SとP2S5を原料として得られるものであり、原料として用いるLi2SとP2S5のモル比がLi2S:P2S5=60:40~80:20である13~20のいずれかに記載の複合材料の製造方法。
22.前記固体電解質の一次粒子径が0.1μm以上100μm以下である13~21のいずれかに記載の複合材料の製造方法。
23.前記複合材料前駆体とアルカリ金属との反応を、前記複合材料前駆体と前記アルカリ金属のみを単に混合して行う13~22のいずれかに記載の複合材料の製造方法。
24.前記複合材料前駆体とアルカリ金属との反応を、ボールを入れない遊星型ボールミルにより混合して行う13~23のいずれかに記載の複合材料の製造方法。
25.前記複合材料前駆体とアルカリ金属との反応を、前記複合材料前駆体を含む成形体とアルカリ金属との反応により行う、13~22のいずれかに記載の複合材料の製造方法。
26.前記成形体とアルカリ金属との反応を、前記成形体とアルカリ金属箔とを圧着することにより行う、13~22及び25のいずれかに記載の複合材料の製造方法。
また、X線回折(XRD)で測定したアルカリ金属硫化物のピークの半値幅が1.0°以上である。
また、上記複合材料において、好ましくはアルカリ金属硫化物の少なくとも一部が導電助剤の細孔の内部に存在し、微分散している。このことは、XRDによる結晶ピーク強度の観察や、電子顕微鏡等で元素分布を観察することにより確認できる。
アルカリ金属硫化物のピーク半値幅は、実施例に記載の方法で測定する。尚、複数あるアルカリ金属硫化物のピークのうち、少なくとも1つのピークのピーク半値幅が1.0°以上であればよい。アルカリ金属硫化物のピーク半値幅は、すべてのピークが同様に変化する。例えば、複合材料内におけるアルカリ金属硫化物の分散性が高くなる程、すべてのピーク半値幅は大きくなる傾向にある。半値幅を測定するピークは、アルカリ金属硫化物以外の相に起因するピークと干渉せず、また、より強度の強いピークであることが好ましい。
導電助剤のBET比表面積は、好ましくは0.1m2/g以上5000m2/g以下であり、より好ましくは1m2/g以上4000m2/g以下であり、さらに好ましくは1m2/g以上3000m2/g以下であり、最も好ましくは10m2/g以上3000m2/g以下である。
0.1m2/g未満であるとアルカリ金属硫化物と複合化しにくくなる恐れがあり、5000m2/gを超えると嵩高くて取り扱いが難しくなる恐れがある。
少なくともLi2SとP2S5を原料とする硫化物系固体電解質としては、原料として用いるLi2SとP2S5のモル比がLi2S:P2S5=60:40~82:18となる硫化物系固体電解質が好ましく、Li2S:P2S5=60:40~80:20となる硫化物系固体電解質がより好ましく、さらにより好ましくは、Li2SとP2S5のモル比がLi2S:P2S5=65:35~78:22である硫化物系固体電解質である。
Li2SとP2S5を原料とする硫化物系固体電解質としては、原料として用いるLi2SとP2S5のモル比がLi2S:P2S5=60:40~80:20となる硫化物系固体電解質が好ましく、より好ましくは、Li2SとP2S5のモル比がLi2S:P2S5=65:35~78:22である。即ち、硫化物系固体電解質に含まれるLi、P及びSを、Li2SとP2S5の比に換算した場合に、モル比がLi2S:P2S5=60:40~80:20となる硫化物系固体電解質が好ましく、より好ましくは、Li2SとP2S5のモル比がLi2S:P2S5=65:35~78:22である硫化物系固体電解質である。
複合材料前駆体とアルカリ金属の反応方法は、複合材料前駆体とアルカリ金属を単に混合する方法や外部回路を通じて放電反応する方法が挙げられる。好ましくは、複合材料前駆体とアルカリ金属のみを単に混合する方法が挙げられる。アルカリ金属の反応性が高いためである。アルカリ金属の形態は箔でもよく、フレーク状又は顆粒でも粉末でもよい。
また、複合材料前駆体をそのままアルカリ金属と反応させてもよく、複合材料前駆体をいったん成形体としてからアルカリ金属と反応させてもよい。例えば、複合材料前駆体をいったん成形体としてから、アルカリ金属、具体的にはアルカリ金属箔と圧着することにより反応させることができる。
アルカリ金属としては、Li,Na,K,Rb等が挙げられ、Liが好ましい。アルカリ金属は、複合材料前駆体100重量部に対して通常10~50重量部用いる。
一方、本願比較例1、2(特許文献6に対応)のように、複合材料の製造の最終段階でメカニカルミリングを行うと、アルカリ金属硫化物の分散状態を維持できない場合がある。この場合、XRD測定におけるアルカリ金属硫化物のピーク半値幅は0.6程度となってしまう。
アルカリ金属箔と圧着する場合は、その圧力は1MPa以上1000MPa以下であることが好ましく、5MPa以上500MPa以下がより好ましく、10MPa以上60MPaがさらに好ましい。
その際の温度は、0℃以上200℃以下であることが好ましく、10℃以上180℃以下であることがより好ましい。
複合材料前駆体にアルカリ金属箔を圧着するのは、複合材料前駆体の集電体側でも、固体電解質層側でもよい。尚、成形体上に残存するアルカリ金属箔は少ない方が好ましい。
複合材料前駆体は、硫黄、及び細孔を有する導電助剤が複合化され、硫黄の少なくとも一部が導電助剤の細孔の内部に存在する材料(硫黄-導電助剤複合体)を、固体電解質と複合化して製造することができる。
硫黄-導電助剤複合体と固体電解質の複合化方法としては、遊星型ボールミルで混合して複合化する方法等が挙げられる。固体電解質は上記と同じものを用いることができる。
硫黄-導電助剤複合体は、硫黄と、細孔を有する導電助剤を複合化して製造することができる。
硫黄と導電助剤の複合化方法としては、硫黄と導電助剤を遊星型ボールミルで混合し複合化する方法、硫黄の融点以上の熱処理を行うことで複合化する方法、導電助剤共存下で硫黄を溶媒に溶解し、乾燥することで複合化する方法等が挙げられ、複数の方法を組み合わせることができる。
電極として用いる場合、本発明の複合材料を通常の方法でプレス成形して、シート状の電極とする方法等により電極を製造することができる。
また、複合材料及び複合材料を含む電極材料を集電体上に膜状に形成して電極とする方法が挙げられる。製膜方法としては、エアロゾルデポジション法、スクリーン印刷法、コールドスプレー法等が挙げられる。さらに、溶媒に分散又は一部を溶解させてスラリー状にして塗布する方法が挙げられる。必要に応じてバインダーを混合してもよい。
電極として用いる場合、層厚みは電池設計に応じて適宜に選定すればよい。
また、これらのLi合金を用いることもできる。粒径に関しても特に制限はないが、平均粒径が数μm~80μmのもの、例えば1μm~80μmのもの、2μm~70μmのものを好適に使用できる。
上記固体電解質層は、固体電解質を含む。固体電解質は特に制限はなく、上記の負極合材に使用するものを使用できる。粒径に関しても特に制限はないが、平均粒径が0.1μm~100μmのもの、例えば0.5μm~80μmのもの、1μm~60μmのものを好適に使用できる。また平均粒径は、実施例に記載の測定方法を用いることができる。
(1)硫化リチウムの製造
硫化リチウムは、特開平7-330312号公報における第1の態様(2工程法)の方法に従って製造した。具体的には、撹拌翼のついた10リットルオートクレーブにN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)3326.4g(33.6モル)及び水酸化リチウム287.4g(12モル)を仕込み、300rpm、130℃に昇温した。昇温後、液中に硫化水素を3リットル/分の供給速度で2時間吹き込んだ。続いてこの反応液を窒素気流下(200cc/分)昇温し、反応した水硫化リチウムを脱硫化水素化し硫化リチウムを得た。昇温するにつれ、上記硫化水素と水酸化リチウムの反応により副生した水が蒸発を始めたが、この水はコンデンサにより凝縮し系外に抜き出した。水を系外に留去すると共に反応液の温度は上昇するが、180℃に達した時点で昇温を停止し、一定温度に保持した。水硫化リチウムの脱硫化水素反応が終了後(約80分)に反応を終了し、硫化リチウムを得た。
上記で得られた500mLのスラリー反応溶液(NMP-硫化リチウムスラリー)中のNMPをデカンテーションした後、脱水したNMP100mLを加え、105℃で約1時間撹拌した。その温度のままNMPをデカンテーションした。さらにNMP100mLを加え、105℃で約1時間撹拌し、その温度のままNMPをデカンテーションし、同様の操作を合計4回繰り返した。デカンテーション終了後、窒素気流下230℃(NMPの沸点以上の温度)で硫化リチウムを常圧下で3時間乾燥した。得られた硫化リチウム中の不純物含有量を測定した。
亜硫酸リチウム(Li2SO3)、硫酸リチウム(Li2SO4)、チオ硫酸リチウム(Li2S2O3)の各硫黄酸化物、及びN-メチルアミノ酪酸リチウム(LMAB)の含有量は、イオンクロマトグラフ法により定量した。その結果、硫黄酸化物の総含有量は0.13質量%であり、LMABは0.07質量%であった。このようにして精製したLi2Sを、以下の実施例で使用した。
上記で製造した平均粒径30μm程度の精製Li2S 2.54gと平均粒径50μm程度のP2S5(アルドリッチ社製)67.46gを10mmφアルミナボール175個が入った500mlアルミナ製容器に入れ密閉した。上記計量、密閉作業は全てグローブボックス内で実施し、使用する器具類は全て乾燥機で事前に水分除去して使用した。
この密閉したアルミナ容器を、遊星ボールミル(レッチェ社製PM400)にて室温下、36時間メカニカルミリング処理することで白黄色の固体電解質ガラス粒子を得た。このときの回収率は78%であった。
得られた固体電解質ガラス粒子のX線回折測定(CuKα:λ=1.5418Å)を行なった結果、原料Li2Sのピークは観測されず、固体電解質ガラスに起因するハローパターンであった。
尚、平均粒径は、粒度分布測定装置(Mastersizer2000(Malvern社製))を用い、測定範囲0.02μm~2000μmで測定した。
得られた固体電解質ガラスセラミック粒子について、X線回折測定を実施したところ、2θ=17.8、18.2、19.8、21.8、23.8、25.9、29.5、30.0degにピークが観測された。このことから、得られた固体電解質ガラスセラミック粒子は、Li7P3S11結晶ができていることが分かる。
また、この固体電解質ガラスセラミック粒子の伝導度を評価したところ、伝導度は1.3×10-3S/cmであった。
製造例1(2)で作製した平均粒径30μm程度のLi2S 3.34gと平均粒径50μm程度のP2S5(アルドリッチ社製)5.27gとLiBr(アルドリッチ社製)1.40gを10mmφアルミナボール600gが入った500mlアルミナ製容器に入れ密閉した。上記計量、密閉作業は全てグローブボックス内で実施し、使用する器具類は全て乾燥機で事前に水分除去したものを用いた。
この密閉したアルミナ容器を、遊星ボールミル(伊藤製作所製LP-4)にて室温下、20時間メカニカルミリング処理することで白黄色の固体電解質ガラス粒子を得た。このときの回収率は65%であった。
上記固体電解質ガラス粒子をグローブボックス内Ar雰囲気下でSUS製チューブに密閉し、220℃、2時間の加熱処理を施し電解質ガラスセラミック粒子を得た。この固体電解質ガラスセラミック粒子の伝導度は、0.7×10-3S/cmであった。
硫黄(アルドリッチ製、純度99.998%)35.0gと、導電助剤として細孔を有する高比表面積の活性炭であるマックスソーブMSC30(以下適宜「MSC30」という。関西熱化学株式会社製、BET比表面積:3000m2/g)15.0gを遊星ボールミルで2分間混合した。この硫黄とMSC30の混合物をステンレス容器に入れ、60℃で10分、150℃で6時間、300℃で2時間45分間熱処理を行い、室温に冷却して、硫黄-導電助剤複合体を回収した。
製造例3で作製した硫黄-導電助剤複合体5.00g、製造例2で作製した固体電解質5.00g、直径10mmのアルミナボール600gを500mlアルミナ製容器に入れ、20時間メカニカルミリング処理することで、硫黄、導電助剤及び固体電解質の複合体(複合材料前駆体)を得た。
製造例1(2)で作製した平均粒径30μm程度のLi2S 3.90gと平均粒径50μm程度のP2S5(アルドリッチ社製)6.10gを、直径10mmアルミナボール600gが入った500mlアルミナ製容器に入れ密閉した。上記計量、密閉作業は全てグローブボックス内で実施し、使用する器具類は全て乾燥機で事前に水分除去したものを用いた。
この密閉したアルミナ容器を、遊星ボールミル(伊藤製作所製LP-4)にて室温下、20時間メカニカルミリング処理することで白黄色の固体電解質ガラス粒子を得た。このときの回収率は65%であった。
この固体電解質ガラスセラミック粒子の伝導度は、0.2×10-3S/cmであった。
製造例3で得られた硫黄-導電助剤複合体5.00g、製造例5で作製した固体電解質5.00g、直径10mmのアルミナボール600gを500mlアルミナ製容器に入れ、20時間メカニカルミリング処理することで、硫黄、導電助剤及び固体電解質の複合体(複合材料前駆体)を得た。
以下、本発明の複合正極材料の実施例について説明する。尚、全実施例・比較例で作製したリチウムイオン電池の0.2C放電容量、1C放電容量及び2C放電容量の測定方法は以下の通りである。
0.2C放電容量は0.785mAの定電流放電で、終止電圧0.5Vまでの放電容量を測定した。同様に1C放電容量は3.927mAの定電流放電で、終止電圧0.5Vまでの放電容量を測定した。2C放電容量は7.854mAの定電流放電で、終止電圧0.5Vまでの放電容量を測定した。放電容量は、北斗電工(株)製:HJ1005SM8を用いて測定した。
0.2C放電容量は0.400mAの定電流放電で、終止電圧0.6Vまでの放電容量を測定した。同様に1C放電容量は2.0mAの定電流放電で、終止電圧0.6Vまでの放電容量を測定した。2C放電容量は4.0mAの定電流放電で、終止電圧0.5Vまでの放電容量を測定した。放電容量は、北斗電工(株)製:HJ1005SM8を用いて測定した。
製造例4で作製した複合材料前駆体7.00gと、0.1mmt、3mm四方のLi箔(本城金属株式会社製)1.06gを500mlアルミナ製容器に入れ、薬匙で15分撹拌し、蓋をして密封した。この密閉したアルミナ容器を、セラミックボールを入れない遊星ボールミル装置で17時間撹拌処理し、硫化リチウム、導電助剤及び固体電解質の複合正極材料を作製した。尚、硫化リチウム、導電助剤及び固体電解質が複合化されていることは走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて確認した。
XRDの測定条件は、以下の通りである。尚、以下の全実施例、比較例も同様である。
装置:リガクSmartlab
管電圧:45kV
管電流:200mA
スリット:soller slit 5.0°
スキャンスピード(2θ/θ):2°/min
ステップ幅(2θ/θ):0.02°
X線源:CuKα:λ=1.5418Å
製造例4で作製した複合材料前駆体0.850gと、0.1mmt、3mm四方のLi箔(本城金属株式会社製)0.206gを50mlアルミナ製容器に入れ、薬匙で15分撹拌し、蓋をして密封した。この密閉したアルミナ容器を、セラミックボールを入れない遊星ボールミル装置で17時間撹拌処理し、硫化リチウム、導電助剤及び固体電解質の複合正極材料を作製した。尚、硫化リチウム、導電助剤及び固体電解質が複合化されていることは走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて確認した。この複合正極材料について、XRD測定で硫化リチウムのhkl=220面のピーク半値幅を測定したところ、1.808°であった。
製造例4で作製した複合材料前駆体0.850gと、0.1mmt、3mm四方のLi箔(本城金属株式会社製)0.348gを50mlアルミナ製容器に入れ、薬匙で15分撹拌し、蓋をして密封した。この密閉したアルミナ容器を、セラミックボールを入れない遊星ボールミル装置で17時間撹拌処理し、硫化リチウム、導電助剤及び固体電解質の複合正極材料を作製した。尚、硫化リチウム、導電助剤及び固体電解質が複合化されていることは走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて確認した。この複合正極材料について、XRD測定で硫化リチウムのhkl=220面のピーク半値幅を測定したところ、1.826°であった。
製造例4で作製した複合材料前駆体0.850gと、0.1mmt、3mm四方のLi箔(本城金属株式会社製)0.155gを50mlアルミナ製容器に入れ、薬匙で15分撹拌し、蓋をして密封した。この密閉したアルミナ容器を、セラミックボールを入れない遊星ボールミル装置で17時間撹拌処理し、硫化リチウム、導電助剤及び固体電解質の複合正極材料を作製した。尚、硫化リチウム、導電助剤及び固体電解質が複合化されていることは走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて確認した。この複合正極材料について、XRD測定で硫化リチウムのhkl=220面のピーク半値幅を測定したところ、1.800°であった。
製造例4で作製した複合材料前駆体0.850gと、0.1mmt、3mm四方のLi箔(本城金属株式会社製)0.180gを50mlアルミナ製容器に入れ、薬匙で15分撹拌し、蓋をして密封した。この密閉したアルミナ容器を、セラミックボールを入れない遊星ボールミル装置で17時間撹拌処理し、硫化リチウム、導電助剤及び固体電解質の複合正極材料を作製した。尚、硫化リチウム、導電助剤及び固体電解質が複合化されていることは走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて確認した。この複合正極材料を、XRD測定で硫化リチウムのhkl=220面のピーク半値幅を測定したところ、1.671°であった。
製造例6で作製した複合材料前駆体8.684gと、0.1mmt、3mm四方のLi箔(本城金属株式会社製)1.316gを500mlアルミナ製容器に入れ、薬匙で15分撹拌し、蓋をして密封した。この密閉したアルミナ容器を、セラミックボールを入れない遊星ボールミル装置で17時間撹拌処理し、硫化リチウム、導電助剤及び固体電解質の複合正極材料を作製した。尚、硫化リチウム、導電助剤及び固体電解質が複合化されていることは走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて確認した。この複合正極材料について、XRD測定で硫化リチウムのhkl=220面のピーク半値幅を測定したところ、1.591°であった。
製造例6で作製した複合材料前駆体0.850gと、0.1mmt、3mm四方のLi箔(本城金属株式会社製)0.129gを50mlアルミナ製容器に入れ、薬匙で15分撹拌し、蓋をして密封した。この密閉したアルミナ容器を、セラミックボールを入れない遊星ボールミル装置で17時間撹拌処理し、硫化リチウム、導電助剤及び固体電解質の複合正極材料を作製した。尚、硫化リチウム、導電助剤及び固体電解質が複合化されていることは走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて確認した。この複合正極材料について、XRD測定で硫化リチウムのhkl=220面のピーク半値幅を測定したところ、1.939°であった。
製造例6で作製した複合材料前駆体1.700gと、0.1mmt、3mm四方のLi箔(本城金属株式会社製)0.696gを50mlアルミナ製容器に入れ、薬匙で15分撹拌し、蓋をして密封した。この密閉したアルミナ容器を、セラミックボールを入れない遊星ボールミル装置で17時間撹拌処理し、硫化リチウム、導電助剤及び固体電解質の複合正極材料を作製した。尚、硫化リチウム、導電助剤及び固体電解質が複合化されていることは走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて確認した。この複合正極材料について、XRD測定で硫化リチウムのhkl=220面のピーク半値幅を測定したところ、2.051°であった。
国際公開2012/102037号パンフレットに記載の硫化リチウムと導電助剤の複合化方法を用いて、硫化リチウムカーボン複合体と固体電解質との複合正極材料を作製した。
具体的には、THF72mlに製造例3で作製した硫黄-導電助剤複合体8.50gを加え、これに、溶媒がTHF溶液であり体積モル濃度が1.7である1.7MTEBHLi(水素化トリエチルホウ素リチウム)溶液(和光純薬株式会社製、120-05631)240mlを加えて65℃に加熱し、8時間撹拌した。
正極層にこの混合正極、電解質層に製造例1で製造した固体電解質ガラスセラミック粒子、負極にIn/Li合金を用いてリチウム電池を作製し、充放電容量を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
国際公開2012/102037号パンフレットの硫化リチウムと導電助剤の複合化方法を用いて、硫化リチウムカーボン複合体と固体電解質との複合正極材料を作製した。
具体的に、THF72mlに製造例3で作製した硫黄-導電助剤複合体8.50gを加え、これに、溶媒がTHF溶液であり体積モル濃度が1.7である1.7MTEBHLi溶液(和光純薬株式会社製、120-05631)240mlを加えて65℃に加熱し、8時間撹拌した。
上記8時間撹拌後に24時間放置し、その後上澄みを取り、THFを添加して未反応TEBHLiをこのTHFに溶解させて、未反応TEBHLiを除去した。このTHFによる除去作業を2回行い、次いでヘキサンによる除去操作を2回繰り返した後、室温で真空引きして溶媒を除去し、150℃2時間の真空加熱、さらに300℃2時間の真空加熱により乾燥して、硫化リチウムカーボン複合体を回収した。
上記で製造した硫化リチウムカーボン複合体0.65gと製造例5で製造した固体電解質0.50gを、セラミックボールを入れた遊星ボールミルで5時間混合し、硫化リチウムカーボンと固体電解質の複合正極を作製した。
この複合正極材料について、XRD測定で硫化リチウムのhkl=220面のピーク半値幅を測定したところ、0.645°であった。
正極層にこの混合正極、電解質層に製造例1で製造した固体電解質ガラスセラミック粒子、負極にシリコン粉末と製造例1で作製した固体電解質の合材を用いてリチウム電池を作製し、充放電容量を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
本願のパリ優先の基礎となる日本出願明細書の内容を全てここに援用する。
Claims (22)
- アルカリ金属硫化物、細孔を有する導電助剤、及び固体電解質を含み、
前記アルカリ金属硫化物、前記導電助剤及び前記固体電解質が複合化され、
X線回折で測定した前記アルカリ金属硫化物のピークの半値幅が1.0°以上である複合材料。 - 前記アルカリ金属硫化物の少なくとも一部が前記導電助剤の細孔の内部に分散している請求項1に記載の複合材料。
- 前記アルカリ金属硫化物が硫化リチウムである請求項1又は2に記載の複合材料。
- 前記導電助剤が炭素材料である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の複合材料。
- 前記導電助剤が活性炭である請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の複合材料。
- 前記固体電解質が硫化物系固体電解質である請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の複合材料。
- 前記固体電解質がLi、P及びSを含む硫化物系固体電解質である請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の複合材料。
- 前記固体電解質が、Li、P、S及びIを含む硫化物系固体電解質、Li、P、S及びBrを含む硫化物系固体電解質、又はLi、P、S及びClを含む硫化物系固体電解質である請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の複合材料。
- 前記固体電解質が少なくともLi2SとP2S5を原料として得られるものであり、原料として用いるLi2SとP2S5のモル比がLi2S:P2S5=60:40~80:20である請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の複合材料。
- 請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の複合材料から得られる電極。
- 請求項10に記載の電極を正極層として含むリチウムイオン電池。
- 硫黄、細孔を有する導電助剤、及び固体電解質を含み、前記硫黄、前記導電助剤及び前記固体電解質が複合化され、前記硫黄の少なくとも一部が前記導電助剤の細孔の内部に存在する複合材料前駆体を、
アルカリ金属と反応させることを含む複合材料の製造方法。 - 下記工程(A)及び(B)を含む請求項12に記載の複合材料の製造方法。
(A) 硫黄、及び細孔を有する導電助剤を含み、前記硫黄及び前記導電助剤が複合化され、前記硫黄の少なくとも一部が前記導電助剤の細孔の内部に存在する硫黄-導電助剤複合体を、固体電解質と複合化して複合材料前駆体を製造する工程
(B) 前記複合材料前駆体をアルカリ金属と反応させる工程 - 下記工程(A-1)、(A-2)及び(B)を含む請求項12又は13に記載の複合材料の製造方法。
(A-1) 硫黄と、細孔を有する導電助剤を複合化して、硫黄-導電助剤複合体を製造する工程
(A-2) 前記硫黄-導電助剤複合体を固体電解質と複合化して、複合材料前駆体を製造する工程
(B) 前記複合材料前駆体をアルカリ金属と反応させる工程 - 前記アルカリ金属がリチウム金属である請求項12~14のいずれかに記載の複合材料の製造方法。
- 前記導電助剤が炭素材料である請求項12~15のいずれかに記載の複合材料の製造方法。
- 前記導電助剤が活性炭である請求項12~16のいずれかに記載の複合材料の製造方法。
- 前記固体電解質が硫化物系固体電解質である請求項12~17のいずれかに記載の複合材料の製造方法。
- 前記固体電解質が、Li、P及びSを含む硫化物系固体電解質である請求項12~18のいずれかに記載の複合材料の製造方法。
- 前記固体電解質が、少なくともLi2SとP2S5を原料として得られるものであり、原料として用いるLi2SとP2S5のモル比がLi2S:P2S5=60:40~80:20である請求項12~19のいずれかに記載の複合材料の製造方法。
- 前記複合材料前駆体とアルカリ金属との反応を、前記複合材料前駆体と前記アルカリ金属のみを単に混合して行う請求項12~20のいずれかに記載の複合材料の製造方法。
- 前記複合材料前駆体とアルカリ金属との反応を、ボールを入れない遊星型ボールミルにより混合して行う請求項12~21のいずれかに記載の複合材料の製造方法。
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2014
- 2014-03-26 US US14/781,747 patent/US20160036054A1/en not_active Abandoned
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JP7071264B2 (ja) | 2015-12-04 | 2022-05-18 | クアンタムスケイプ バテリー, インク. | リチウム、リン、硫黄、及びヨウ素含有電解質及びカソライト組成物、電気化学装置用の電解質膜、並びにこれらの電解質及びカソライトを製造するアニーリング方法 |
JP2017222567A (ja) * | 2016-06-14 | 2017-12-21 | 出光興産株式会社 | 硫化リチウム、及びその製造方法 |
JP7014496B2 (ja) | 2016-06-14 | 2022-02-01 | 出光興産株式会社 | 硫化リチウム、及びその製造方法 |
JP2018170107A (ja) * | 2017-03-29 | 2018-11-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 全固体リチウムイオン二次電池用負極及びその負極を備える全固体リチウムイオン二次電池 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2983231A4 (en) | 2017-04-12 |
US20160036054A1 (en) | 2016-02-04 |
JPWO2014162693A1 (ja) | 2017-02-16 |
EP2983231A1 (en) | 2016-02-10 |
CN105074974A (zh) | 2015-11-18 |
JP6475159B2 (ja) | 2019-02-27 |
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