WO2014136868A1 - 光学活性アルデヒドの製造方法 - Google Patents
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- WO2014136868A1 WO2014136868A1 PCT/JP2014/055755 JP2014055755W WO2014136868A1 WO 2014136868 A1 WO2014136868 A1 WO 2014136868A1 JP 2014055755 W JP2014055755 W JP 2014055755W WO 2014136868 A1 WO2014136868 A1 WO 2014136868A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/51—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition
- C07C45/511—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition involving transformation of singly bound oxygen functional groups to >C = O groups
- C07C45/512—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition involving transformation of singly bound oxygen functional groups to >C = O groups the singly bound functional group being a free hydroxyl group
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B53/00—Asymmetric syntheses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/51—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/07—Optical isomers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
- C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an optically active aldehyde. More specifically, a novel production capable of producing optically active aldehydes useful as pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, functional materials, cosmetics, various chemicals, raw materials and synthetic intermediates with high optical purity and high yield. It is about the method.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 to 4 are known as a method for asymmetric isomerization of allyl alcohol to obtain an optically active aldehyde.
- these methods have low catalytic activity and the optical purity of the obtained optically active aldehyde is not sufficiently satisfactory.
- methods using transition metal complexes such as rhodium and ruthenium described in Non-Patent Documents 5 to 16 are known.
- these methods have high substrate specificity and cannot be said to be general-purpose methods. For this reason, conventionally, realization of a new synthesis method that can be produced with high generality, high selectivity, and high yield for producing an optically active aldehyde has been desired.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an optically active aldehyde characterized in that allyl alcohol is subjected to asymmetric isomerization in the presence of a ruthenium complex and a base, in order to solve the above problems. That is, the present invention makes it possible to produce an optically active aldehyde with a simple and few process, high optical purity, lower cost and higher yield.
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- the present invention provides optically active aldehydes that are useful as pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, functional materials, cosmetics, various chemicals, or their raw materials and synthetic intermediates, are simple and have a small number of steps, high optical purity, low cost, high yield. This is an industrially advantageous method for producing an optically active aldehyde at a high rate.
- R 1 and R 2 may each independently have an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and a substituent which may have a substituent.
- It is selected from the group consisting of aralkyl groups having 7 to 12 carbon atoms which may be present, provided that R 1 and R 2 are groups different from each other. * Is an asymmetric carbon atom.
- optically active aldehyde (1) can be obtained by asymmetric isomerization of allyl alcohol (2) in the presence of a ruthenium complex and a base.
- the allyl alcohol (2) represented by the following general formula (2), which is a raw material for producing the optically active aldehyde (1) of the present invention, will be described.
- each of R 1 and R 2 independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- R 1 and R 2 are groups different from each other.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms represented by R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (2) is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms.
- methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, iisopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group, isopentyl group, neopentyl group, hexyl Group, heptyl group, octyl group, nonyl group, decyl group, undecyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group, pentadecyl group, hexadecyl group, heptadecyl group, octadecyl group, nonadecyl group, eicosyl group and the like can be exemplified
- the alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms represented by R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (2) is preferably an alkenyl group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms.
- the 3- to 8-membered alicyclic group represented by R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (2) is preferably a 5- to 7-membered alicyclic group.
- Specific examples include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, and the like.
- the aryl group represented by R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (2) is preferably an aromatic monocyclic group, aromatic polycyclic group or aromatic condensed cyclic group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms. .
- a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an antonyl group, a phenanthryl group, an indenyl group, a biphenyl group and the like can be exemplified.
- metallocenyl groups such as a ferrocenyl group, can also be illustrated.
- the aralkyl group represented by R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (2) is preferably an aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms. Specific examples include a benzyl group, a 1-phenylethyl group, a 2-phenylethyl group, and the like.
- the aryl group having 6 to 15 and the aralkyl group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms may have a substituent.
- the substituent include an alkyl group, an aryl group, an araalkyl group, an alicyclic group, and a halogen atom. , Hydroxyl group, alkoxy group, tri-substituted organosilyl group, oxycarbonyl group, acyl group, acyloxy group, substituted amino group, heterocyclic group, nitro group and the like.
- examples of the alkyl group as a substituent include 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, and hexyl group.
- An alkyl group is mentioned.
- aryl group as a substituent examples include aryl groups having 6 to 14 carbon atoms such as phenyl group, ⁇ -naphthyl group, ⁇ -naphthyl group, anthryl group, phenanthryl group, and biphenyl group.
- aralkyl group as a substituent examples include aralkyl groups having 7 to 12 carbon atoms such as benzyl group, 1-phenylethyl group, 2-phenylethyl group, ⁇ -naphthylmethyl group, and ⁇ -naphthylmethyl group.
- Examples of the alicyclic group as a substituent include alicyclic groups having 5 to 8 carbon atoms such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a methylcyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, and a cyclooctyl group.
- halogen atom examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom.
- alkoxy group as the substituent examples include alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group, isobutoxy group, sec-butoxy group or tert-butoxy group. Groups.
- Examples of the tri-substituted organosilyl group as a substituent include trimethylsilyl group, triethylsilyl group, triisopropylsilyl group, dimethylisopropylsilyl group, diethylisopropylsilyl group, dimethyl (2,3-dimethyl-2-butyl) silyl group, tert -A trialkylsilyl group such as a butyldimethylsilyl group or a dimethylhexylsilyl group is preferred, and the alkyl group moiety preferably has 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the oxycarbonyl group as a substituent include an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms such as a methoxycarbonyl group and an ethoxycarbonyl group, and an aryloxycarbonyl group having 6 to 11 carbon atoms such as a phenoxycarbonyl group.
- acyl group as a substituent examples include acyl groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as formyl group, acetyl group, propionyl group, n-broyl group, isobutyroyl group and benzoyl group.
- acyloxy group as a substituent examples include acyloxy groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as formyloxy group, acyloxy group, propionyloxy group, n-butyroyloxy group, isobutyroyloxy group, and benzoyloxy group.
- substituted amino group as a substituent examples include a dialkylamino group substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms such as a dimethylamino group, a diethylamino group, a diisopropylamino group, and a piperidyl group.
- heterocyclic group examples include an aliphatic heterocyclic group and an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- the aliphatic heterocyclic group has, for example, 2 to 14 carbon atoms and preferably at least one hetero atom. Includes 1 to 3 aliphatic heterocyclic groups such as 3 to 8 membered ring, preferably 5 or 6 membered monocyclic, polycyclic or condensed ring.
- the heteroatom include heteroatoms such as a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom.
- aliphatic heterocyclic group examples include, for example, oxiranyl group, aziridinyl group, 2-oxopyrrolidyl group, piperidyl group, piperazinyl group, morpholino group, tetrahydrofuryl group, tetrahydropyranyl group, tetrahydrothienyl group and the like. It is done.
- the aromatic heterocyclic group includes, for example, a 5- to 8-membered ring having 2 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably a 5- or 6-membered monocycle containing at least 1, preferably 1 to 3 heteroatoms.
- aromatic heterocyclic (heteroaryl) groups such as polycyclic or condensed ring.
- the hetero atom include a hetero atom such as a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom.
- aromatic heterocyclic group examples include tetrazinyl group, furyl group, thienyl group, pyridyl group, pyridyl group, pyrazinyl group, pyradazinyl group, imidazolyl group, oxazoyl group, thiazoyl group, benzofuryl group, benzothienyl group, quinolyl group. And isoquinolyl group, quinoxalinyl group, phthalazinyl group, quinazolinyl group, naphthyridinyl group, cinnolinyl group, benzimidazoline group, benzoxazolyl group, benzothiazolyl group, and the like.
- allyl alcohol (2) represented by the general formula (2) of the present invention
- allyl alcohol (2) include the following compounds.
- the optically active aldehyde represented by the general formula (1) is obtained by asymmetric isomerization of the allyl alcohol represented by the general formula (2) in the presence of a ruthenium complex and a base. To manufacture.
- ruthenium complex used in the asymmetric isomerization reaction performed in the present invention a complex composed of ruthenium and a ligand is preferably used, and the ligand is preferably an asymmetric ligand.
- the other component may be an optically active substance.
- the asymmetric ligand used in the present invention is any compound that has an optically active site and is an optically active compound and can be used as an asymmetric ligand.
- the asymmetric ligand include Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis (Wiley-VCH, 2000), Handbook of Enantioselective Catalysis with T & A, YN, ICN, YN and ICN. )), Asymmetric ligands described in International Publication No. 2005/070875 and the like. More specifically, examples of the asymmetric ligand used in the present invention include a monodentate ligand, a bidentate ligand, a tridentate ligand, and a tetradentate ligand. Examples thereof include optically active phosphine compounds, optically active amine compounds, optically active alcohol compounds, optically active sulfur compounds, and optically active carbene compounds. Preferably, an optically active phosphine compound is used.
- optically active phosphine compound the following general formula (5):
- R 6 to R 9 each independently represents an aromatic group which may have a substituent or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or R 6 and R 7 , R 8 and R 9 may each form a heterocyclic ring together with adjacent phosphorus atoms; R 10 and R 11 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or 1 carbon atom.
- R 12 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, 1 to 5 carbon atoms An alkoxy group, a di (C 1-5 alkyl) amino group, a 5- to 8-membered cyclic amino group or a halogen atom; and R 10 and R 11 , R 11 and R 12 are each bonded together, Condensed benzene ring, condensed substituted benzene ring, trimethylene group, tetramethyl Len group, pentamethylene group, methylenedioxy group, ethylenedioxy group or trimethylenedioxy group may be formed)]
- the optically active bidentate phosphine ligand represented by these is mentioned.
- R 6 to R 9 each independently represents an aromatic group which may have a substituent or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or R 6 and R 7 , R 8 and R 9 may form a heterocyclic ring together with the phosphorus atoms adjacent to each other.
- the aromatic group which may have a substituent, includes hydrocarbon aromatic groups such as phenyl group, naphthyl group, phenanthryl group; pyrrolyl group, pyridyl group, pyrazyl group, quinolyl group, isoquinolyl group And heteroaromatic groups such as an imidazolyl group.
- substituents include, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group, isopentyl group.
- neopentyl group hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, nonyl group, decyl group, undecyl group, dodecyl group and other alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group A lower alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as n-butoxy group, isobutoxy group, sec-butoxy group and tert-butoxy group; aryl groups such as phenyl group, ⁇ -naphthyl group, ⁇ -naphthyl group and fananthryl group Benzyl group, ⁇ -phenylethyl group, ⁇ -phenylethyl group, ⁇ -phenylpropyl group, ⁇ -phenylpropyl group, ⁇ - Aralkyl groups having 7 to 13 carbon atoms such as an phenylpropyl group
- a tri-substituted organosilyl group such as a rialkyl having 7 to 19 carbon atoms; a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine; a nitro group and the like.
- cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a substituent
- specific examples of the cycloalkyl group include a cyclopentyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, and a cyclononyl group.
- substituents include, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group, C1-C12 alkyl groups such as isopentyl group, neopentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, nonyl group, decyl group, undecyl group, dodecyl group; methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group Group, lower alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as n-butoxy group, isobutoxy group, sec-butoxy group and tert-butoxy group; aryl such as phenyl group, ⁇ -naphthyl group, ⁇ -naphthyl group and fan
- organosilyl groups such as aralkylsilyl groups having 7 to 19 carbon atoms; halogen atoms such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine; nitro groups and the like.
- heterocyclic ring in the case where R 6 and R 7 , R 8 and R 9 are combined with adjacent phosphorus atoms to form a heterocyclic ring include phosphole, tetrahydrophosphole, and phosphorinan.
- the heterocyclic ring may have 1 to 4 functional groups inert to the reaction of the present invention as substituents.
- substituents include an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a halogen atom.
- R 10 and R 11 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a di (1 to 5 alkyl) amino group, 5 It is a ⁇ 8-membered cyclic amino group or a halogen atom.
- alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms represented by R 10 and R 11 include, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl. Group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group and the like.
- alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms represented by R 10 and R 11 include, for example, methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group, isobutoxy group, sec- A butoxy group, a tert-butoxy group, a pentoxy group, and the like can be given.
- di (C 1-5 alkyl) amino group represented by R 10 and R 11 include dimethylamino group, diethylamino group, di-n-propylamino group, diisopropylamine group, di-n-butyl.
- examples include an amino group, diisobutylamino group, disec-butylamino group, ditert-butylamino group, dipentylamino group and the like.
- Specific examples of the 5- to 8-membered cyclic amino group represented by R 10 and R 11 include a pyrrolidino group and a piperidino group.
- halogen atom represented by R 10 and R 11 include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- R 10 and R 11 are a hydrogen atom; a carbon number of 1 to 4 such as methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, tert-butyl group, trifluoromethyl group, etc.
- Alkoxy groups alkoxy groups such as methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group, tert-butoxy group; dimethylamino group, dialkylamino group of diethylamino group; pyrrolidino group, piperidino group, etc. And a 5- to 8-membered cyclic amino group.
- Particularly preferred R 10 and R 11 include a hydrogen atom and a methoxy group.
- each R 12 independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a di (1 to 5 alkyl) amino group, or a 5- to 8-membered cyclic amino group. A group or a halogen atom.
- alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms represented by R 12 include, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert, -A butyl group, a pentyl group, etc. are mentioned.
- alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms represented by R 12 include, for example, methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group, isobutoxy group, sec-butoxy group, Examples thereof include a tert-butoxy group and a pentoxy group.
- di (C 1-5 alkyl) amino group represented by R 12 examples include a dimethylamino group, a diethylamino group, a di-n-propylamino group, a diisopropylamino group, a di-n-butylamino group, Examples thereof include a diisobutylamino group, a disec-butylamino group, a ditert-butylamino group, and a dipentylamino group.
- Specific examples of the 5- to 8-membered cyclic amino group represented by R 12 include a pyrrolidino group and a piperidino group.
- halogen atom represented by R 12 include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
- preferred R 12 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, or a trifluoromethyl group; a methoxy group Alkoxy groups such as ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group and tert-butoxy group; dialkylamino groups such as dimethylamino group and diethylamino group; 5- to 8-members such as pyrrolidino group and piperidino group And the like, and the like.
- Particularly preferred R 12 includes a methyl group and a methoxy group.
- R 10 and R 11 , R 11 and R 12 are bonded together to form a condensed benzene ring, a condensed substituted benzene ring, a trimethylene group, a tetramethylene group, a pentamethylene group, a methylenedioxy group, An ethylenedioxy group or a trimethylenedioxy group may be formed.
- R 11 and R 12 are combined to form a condensed benzene ring, a condensed substituted benzene ring, a trimethylene group, a tetramethylene group, a pentamethylene group, a methylenedioxy group, an ethylenedioxy group, or a trimethylenedioxy group. What formed is preferable.
- R 11 and R 12 are preferably combined to form a condensed benzene ring, a condensed substituted benzene ring, a tetramethylene group, a methylenedioxy group, a methylenedioxy group, or an ethylenedioxy group.
- the condensed benzene ring, condensed substituted benzene ring, trimethylene group, tetramethylene group, pentamethylene group, methylenedioxy group, ethylenedioxy group or trimethylenedioxy group have functional groups that are inert to the asymmetric synthesis reaction.
- the group may have 0 to 4 groups as a substituent.
- examples of the substituent include alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, and tert-butyl.
- optically active bidentate phosphine ligand preferably used in the general formula (5) are described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-63690 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-265293.
- Specific examples of tertiary phosphine include the following.
- the optically active bidentate phosphine ligand preferably used is, for example, a tertiary phosphine described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-139140. As a specific example, The following can be mentioned.
- the optically active bidentate phosphine ligand preferably used is, for example, a tertiary phosphine described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-269185.
- optically active bidentate phosphine ligands can be exemplified as those corresponding to the general formula (5). That is, 2,2′-dimethyl-6,6′-bis (diphenylphosphino) -1,1′-biphenyl (BIPHEMP), 2,2′-dimethyl-6,6′-bis (di-p-tolylphosphino) -1,1′-biphenyl (p-Tol-BIPHEMP), 2,2′-dimethyl-6,6′-bis (di3,5-xylylphosphino) -1,1′-biphenyl (DM-BIPHEMP) ), 2,2′-dimethyl-6,6′-bis (di-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylphenylphosphino) -1,1′-biphenyl (DMM-BIPHEMP), 2,2
- an asymmetric isomerization reaction is performed with a ruthenium complex containing the above-mentioned optically active bidentate phosphine ligand and ruthenium.
- optically active ruthenium complex in this asymmetric isomerization reaction include the following general formula: Preferred examples include the compound represented by (3).
- L is an optically active phosphine ligand
- W is a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, acyloxy group, aryl group, diene or anion
- U is a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, acyloxy group, aryl.
- Z is an anion, an amine or an optically active nitrogen-containing compound
- m, n and r are each independently an integer of 1 to 5
- p, q and s are each independently an integer of 0 to 5
- p + q + s is 1 or more.
- examples of the ligand represented by L include the optically active bidentate phosphine ligand described above.
- W is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an acyloxy group, an aryl group, a diene, or an anion.
- a halogen atom represented by W of General formula (3) a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom are mentioned, for example.
- the acyloxy group represented by W in the general formula (3) include a formyloxy group, an acetoxy group, a propionyloxy group, a butyloxy group, and a benzoyloxy group.
- Examples of the aryl group represented by W in the general formula (3) include an aromatic monocyclic group such as a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthranyl group, a phenanthryl group, an indenyl group, a mesityl group, and a dibenzyl group, and a polycyclic group. Is mentioned.
- Examples of the diene represented by W in the general formula (3) include butadiene, cyclooctadiene (cod), norbornadiene (nod), and the like.
- Examples of the anion represented by W in the general formula (3) include nitrate ion, nitrite ion, sulfate ion, sulfite ion, sulfonate ion (methanesulfonate ion, benzenesulfonate ion, p-toluenesulfonate ion).
- U is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an acyloxy group, an aryl group, a diene, an anion, or a ligand other than L.
- the halogen atom represented by U in the general formula (3) include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- the acyloxy group represented by U in the general formula (3) include a formyloxy group, an acetoxy group, a propionyloxy group, a butyloxy group, and a benzoyloxy group.
- Examples of the aryl group represented by U in the general formula (3) include an aromatic monocyclic group such as a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthranyl group, a phenanthryl group, an indenyl group, a mesityl group, and a dibenzyl group, and a polycyclic group. Is mentioned.
- Examples of the diene represented by U in the general formula (3) include butadiene, cyclooctadiene (cod), norbornadiene (nod), and the like.
- Examples of the anion represented by U in the general formula (3) include nitrate ion, nitrite ion, sulfate ion, sulfite ion, sulfonate ion (methanesulfonate ion, benzenesulfonate ion, p-toluenesulfonate ion).
- Examples of ligands other than L represented by U in the general formula (3) include N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), acetone, chloroform, nitriles (acetonitrile, benzonitrile, etc.), cyanides (methyl).
- DMF N-dimethylformamide
- acetone acetone
- chloroform acetone
- nitriles acetonitrile, benzonitrile, etc.
- cyanides methyl
- Z is an anion, an amine, or an optically active nitrogen-containing compound.
- anion represented by Z in the general formula (3) include nitrate ion, nitrite ion, sulfate ion, sulfite ion, sulfonate ion (methanesulfonate ion, benzenesulfonate ion, p-toluenesulfonate ion).
- Examples of the amine represented by Z in the general formula (3) include aliphatic amines such as methylamine, ethylamine, n-propylamine, isopropylamine, n-butylamine, s-butylamine, tert-butylamine, cyclohexylamine; aniline , Aromatic amines such as dimethylaniline; nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycles such as pyridine (py) and dimethylaminopyridine; nitrogen-containing aliphatic heterocycles such as pyrrolidine and piperazine; ethylenediamine (en), propylenediamine, Diamines such as ethylenediamine, tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), bipyridine (bpy), phenanthroline (phen)), sulfur compounds (dimethyl sulfide, diethyl sulfide, dipropyl sulfide, dibutyl sulfide, etc.) .
- R 13 , R 14 , R 19 , R 20 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a saturated hydrocarbon group, an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, an aryl group, an araaryl group, a urethane group, a sulfonyl group, or the like, and R 15 , R 16 , R 17 and R 18 are the same or different groups so that the carbon to which these substituents are bonded is an asymmetric center, and each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aromatic monocyclic group, an aromatic group
- optically active diamine compound used in the present invention examples include, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-225466, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-189600, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-58999, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
- W is a chlorine atom, bromine atom or iodine atom
- Z is a trialkylamine
- W is chlorine An atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom
- Z is a pyridyl group or a ring-substituted pyridyl group
- W is an acyloxy group
- W is a chlorine atom, bromine atom or iodine atom
- Z is dimethylformamide or dimethylacetamide
- the production method of the complex (3) of the ruthenium phosphine complex is not particularly limited, and for example, it can be produced using the following method or a method analogous thereto.
- cod is 1,5-cyclooctadiene
- nbd is norbornadiene
- Ph is a phenyl group
- Ac is an acetyl group
- acac is acetylacetonate
- dmf Dimethylformamide
- en is ethylenediamine
- DPEN is 1,2-diphenylethylenediamine
- DAIPEN is 1,1-di (p-methoxyphenyl) -2-isopropylethylenediamine
- MAE is methylaminoethylamine
- EAE is ethylaminoethylamine
- MAPE Is 2-methylamino-1-phenylethylamine
- EAPE is 2-ethylamino-1-phenylethylamine
- Ruthenium complex As a method for producing a ruthenium complex, for example, according to the literature (J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 922, 1985), [(1,5-cyclooctadiene) Dichlororuthenium] ([Ru (cod) Cl 2 ] n ) and an optically active bidentate phosphine ligand can be prepared by heating to reflux in an organic solvent in the presence of a trialkylamine. Further, in accordance with the method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
- Ru 2 Cl 4 (L) obtained according to the method described in the literature (J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., Page 992, 1985) according to the method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-189600.
- 2 NEt 3 can be synthesized by reacting a diamine compound in an organic solvent.
- ruthenium complex examples include the following. Ru (OAc) 2 (L), Ru (OCOCF 3 ) 2 (L), Ru 2 Cl 4 (L) 2 NEt 3 , [RuCl 2 (L) (dmf) n ], RuHCl (L), RuHBr (L ), RuHI (L), [ ⁇ RuCl (L) ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ -Cl) 3 ] [Me 2 NH 2 ], [ ⁇ RuBr (L) ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ -Br) 3 ] [Me 2 NH 2 ] , [ ⁇ RuI (L) ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ -I) 3 ] [Me 2 NH 2 ], [ ⁇ RuCl (L) ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ -Cl) 3 ] [Me 2 NH 2 ], [ ⁇ RuBr (L ) ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ -Br) 3 ] [Me 2 NH 2 ], [ ⁇ RuBr (L ) ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ -Br) 3 ] [Me 2 NH 2 ], [ ⁇ RuB
- a more preferred catalyst in the asymmetric isomerization reaction of the present invention is a complex containing ruthenium and an optically active bidentate phosphine ligand.
- Ru 2 Cl 4 (L) 2 NEt 3 [RuCl 2 (L) (dmf) n ], [ ⁇ RuCl (L) ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ -Cl) 3 ] [Me 2 NH 2 ], [ ⁇ RuBr (L ) ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ -Br) 3 ] [Me 2 NH 2 ], [ ⁇ RuI (L) ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ -I) 3 ] [Me 2 NH 2 ], [ ⁇ RuCl (L) ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ Cl) 3 ] [Me 2 NH 2 ], [ ⁇ RuBr (L) ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ -Br) 3 ] [Me 2 NH 2 ], [ ⁇ RuBr (L) ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ -Br) 3 ] [Me 2 NH 2 ], [ ⁇ RuBr (L) ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ -
- the base used in the present invention is preferably, for example, one using a salt represented by the general formula (8).
- M ′ represents a metal of Li, Na or K, and Z ′ represents a halogen atom of Cl, Br or I
- a metal salt such as LiCl, LiBr, LiI, NaCl, NaBr, NaI, KCl, KBr, KI or the like is preferably used.
- ammonium salts such as (Bn) Et 3 NCl, (Bn) Et 3 NBr, (Bn) Et 3 NI can be selected, and BuPh 3 PCl, BuPh 3 PBr, BuPh 3 PI, (C 6 H 13 ) Ph.
- optically active bidentate phosphine ligand used in the present invention exists in (S) -form and (R) -form, either one is selected according to the absolute configuration of the target optically active aldehyde (1). Just choose. That is, for example, when (E) -3-phenyl-4-methyl-2-pentenol is used as the substrate, for example, when Tol-BINAP is used as the ligand, the optical activity of the (R) -form To obtain 3-phenyl-4-methylpentanol, (S) -form Tol-BINAP is used, and to obtain (S) -form optically active 3-phenyl-4-methylpentanol (R)- Body Tol-BINAP may be used.
- (Z) -form is used as a substrate
- (R) -form Tol-BINAP is used to obtain (S) -form optically active 3-phenyl-4-methylpentanol.
- -Optically active 3-phenyl-4-methylpentanol is obtained by using (S) -isomer Tol-BINAP.
- an optically active nitrogen compound is used in combination with the optically active bidentate phosphine ligand. Since the optically active nitrogen compound exists in (S) -form and (R) -form, either one may be selected according to the absolute configuration of the target optically active aldehyde (1).
- the amount of the transition metal-optically active phosphine complex used is preferably about 100 to 1 / 50,000 mol of allyl alcohol (2).
- the amount of the base to be added is 0.5 to 100 equivalents, preferably 2 to 40 equivalents, relative to the transition metal-optically active phosphine complex.
- Any suitable reaction solvent can be used as long as it can solubilize the asymmetric hydrogenation raw material and the catalyst system.
- aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene and xylene, aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as pentane and hexane; halogen-containing hydrocarbon solvents such as methylene chloride; diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane Ether solvents such as methanol; alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, butanol and benzyl alcohol; organic solvents containing heteroatoms such as acetonitrile, DMF and DMSO can be used.
- An alcohol solvent is preferably used.
- the amount of solvent is determined by the solubility and economics of the reaction substrate. For example, depending on the substrate, it can be carried out from a low concentration of 1% or less to a solvent-free state, but it is preferably used in a volume of 0.1 to 5.0.
- the reaction temperature can be 0 to 150 ° C., but a range of 10 to 70 ° C. is more preferable.
- the reaction time varies depending on the reaction conditions such as reaction substrate concentration and temperature, but the reaction is completed in several minutes to 30 hours. After completion of the reaction, the desired optically active aldehyde (1) can be isolated by carrying out ordinary post-treatment.
- reaction mode in the present invention can be carried out either batchwise or continuously.
- Example 2 (E) -3-Phenyl-4-methyl-2-pentenol was used as a raw material except that the catalyst used in Example 1, the molar ratio of the substrate to the catalyst, and the reaction solvent were changed as shown in Table 1. The reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1. The yield of (3R) -3-phenyl-4-methylpentanol was the same as in Example 1. After completion of the reaction, the solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was subjected to gas chromatography (column: SPELCO SLB TM -5 ms). Measured with The optical purity was also measured using gas chromatography (column: Varian CHIRASIL-DEX CB) in the same manner as in Example 1. The reaction results of Examples 1 to 10 are shown in Table 1.
- Example 11 to 22 The reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the molar ratio of the substrate to the catalyst and the reaction time in Example 1 were changed as shown in Table 2 and the raw materials shown in Table 2 were used.
- the reaction yield was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, after completion of the reaction, by concentrating the solvent under reduced pressure and measuring the residue by gas chromatography (column: SPELCO SLB TM -5 ms).
- the optical purity was also measured by gas chromatography (column: Varian CHIRASIL-DEX CB, compound (k), SPELCO-DEX TM 225 only for compound (l)) as in Example 1.
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Abstract
Description
また、非特許文献5~16に記載されたロジウム、ルテニウム等の遷移金属錯体を用いた方法が知られている。しかしながら、これらの方法は、基質特異性が高く、汎用的な方法であるとはいえなかった。
このため、従来より、光学活性アルデヒドを製造するための一般性の高い、しかも高選択的、高収率で製造できる、新しい合成方法の実現が望まれていた。
すなわち、本発明は、簡単で工程数が少なく、高い光学純度で、より安価、高収率で光学活性アルデヒドを製造することを可能とするものである。
[1] 式(1)
で表される光学活性アルデヒドの製造方法であって、
式(2)
で表されるアリルアルコールを、ルテニウム錯体と塩基の存在下に不斉異性化することを特徴とする、製造方法。
[RumLnWpUq]rZs (3)
(式(3)中、Lは、光学活性ホスフィン配位子であり;Wは、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アシルオキシ基、アリール基、ジエン又はアニオンであり;Uは、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アシルオキシ基、アリール基、ジエン、アニオン又はL以外の配位子であり;Zは、アニオン、アミン又は光学活性含窒素化合物であり;m、n及びrは各々独立に1~5の整数であり、p、q及びsは各々独立に0~5の整数であり、p+q+sは1以上である。)
で表されるルテニウム錯体を用いて行なうことを特徴とする、上記[1]に記載の製造方法。
本発明の光学活性アルヒデドを製造する方法は、以下に示される反応にしたがって、行われる。
これらはいずれも、その分子内に二重結合が存在するため、(E)-体および(Z)-体の幾何異性体が存在するが、本発明で行われる不斉異性化反応に用いる場合は、(E)-体および(Z)-体を単独で用いられる。
より具体的に説明すると、本発明で用いられる不斉配位子は、例えば、単座配位子、二座配位子、三座配位子、四座配位子等が挙げられる。例えば、光学活性ホスフィン化合物、光学活性アミン化合物、光学活性アルコール化合物、光学活性硫黄化合物、光学活性カルベン化合物等が挙げられる。好ましくは、光学活性ホスフィン化合物が挙げられる。
で表される光学活性二座ホスフィン配位子が挙げられる。
特に好ましいR10及びR11としては、水素原子、メトキシ基が挙げられる。
特に好ましいR12としては、メチル基、メトキシ基が挙げられる。
[RumLnWpUq]rZs (3)
(式中、Lは、光学活性ホスフィン配位子であり;Wは、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アシルオキシ基、アリール基、ジエン又はアニオンであり;Uは、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アシルオキシ基、アリール基、ジエン、アニオン又はL以外の配位子であり;Zは、アニオン、アミン又は光学活性含窒素化合物であり;m、n及びrは各々独立に1~5の整数をであり、p、q及びsは各々独立に0~5の整数であり、p+q+sは1以上である。)
一般式(3)のWで表されるハロゲン原子としては、例えば、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子が挙げられる。
一般式(3)のWで表されるアシルオキシ基としては、例えば、フォルミルオキシ基、アセトキシ基、プロピオニルオキシ基、ブチルオキシ基、ベンゾイルオキシ基等が挙げられる。
一般式(3)のWで表されるアリール基としては、例えば、フェニル基、ナフチル基、アントラニル基、フェナントリル基、インデニル基、メシチル基、ジベンジル基等の芳香族単環、多環式基等が挙げられる。
一般式(3)のWで表されるジエンとしては、例えば、ブタジエン、シクロオクタジエン(cod)、ノルボルナジエン(nod)等が挙げられる。
一般式(3)のWで表されるアニオンとしては、例えば、硝酸イオン、亜硝酸イオン、硫酸イオン、亜硫酸イオン、スルホン酸イオン(メタンスルホン酸イオン、ベンゼンスルホン酸イオン、p-トルエンスルホン酸イオン、カンフルスルホン酸イオン、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸イオンなど)、スルファミン酸イオン、炭酸イオン、水酸化物イオン、カルボン酸イオン(ギ酸イオン、酢酸イオン、プロピオン酸イオン、グルコン酸イオン、オレイン酸イオン、シュウ酸イオン、安息香酸イオン、フタル酸イオン、トリフルオロ酢酸イオンなど)、硫化物イオン、チオシアン酸イオン、リン酸イオン、ピロリン酸イオン、酸化物イオン、リン化物イオン、塩素酸イオン、過塩素酸イオン、ヨウ素酸イオン、ヘキサフルオロケイ酸イオン、シアン化物イオン、ホウ酸イオン、メタホウ酸イオン、ホウフッ化物イオン等が挙げられる。
一般式(3)のUで表されるハロゲン原子としては、例えば、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子が挙げられる。
一般式(3)のUで表されるアシルオキシ基としては、例えば、フォルミルオキシ基、アセトキシ基、プロピオニルオキシ基、ブチルオキシ基、ベンゾイルオキシ基等が挙げられる。
一般式(3)のUで表されるアリール基としては、例えば、フェニル基、ナフチル基、アントラニル基、フェナントリル基、インデニル基、メシチル基、ジベンジル基等の芳香族単環、多環式基等が挙げられる。
一般式(3)のUで表されるジエンとしては、例えば、ブタジエン、シクロオクタジエン(cod)、ノルボルナジエン(nod)等が挙げられる。
一般式(3)のUで表されるアニオンとしては、例えば、硝酸イオン、亜硝酸イオン、硫酸イオン、亜硫酸イオン、スルホン酸イオン(メタンスルホン酸イオン、ベンゼンスルホン酸イオン、p-トルエンスルホン酸イオン、カンフルスルホン酸イオン、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸イオンなど)、スルファミン酸イオン、炭酸イオン、水酸化物イオン、カルボン酸イオン(ギ酸イオン、酢酸イオン、プロピオン酸イオン、グルコン酸イオン、オレイン酸イオン、シュウ酸イオン、安息香酸イオン、フタル酸イオン、トリフルオロ酢酸イオンなど)、硫化物イオン、チオシアン酸イオン、リン酸イオン、ピロリン酸イオン、酸化物イオン、リン化物イオン、塩素酸イオン、過塩素酸イオン、ヨウ素酸イオン、ヘキサフルオロケイ酸イオン、シアン化物イオン、ホウ酸イオン、メタホウ酸イオン、ホウフッ化物イオン等が挙げられる。
一般式(3)のZで表されるアニオンとしては、例えば、硝酸イオン、亜硝酸イオン、硫酸イオン、亜硫酸イオン、スルホン酸イオン(メタンスルホン酸イオン、ベンゼンスルホン酸イオン、p-トルエンスルホン酸イオン、カンフルスルホン酸イオン、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸イオンなど)、スルファミン酸イオン、炭酸イオン、水酸化物イオン、カルボン酸イオン(ギ酸イオン、酢酸イオン、プロピオン酸イオン、グルコン酸イオン、オレイン酸イオン、シュウ酸イオン、安息香酸イオン、フタル酸イオン、トリフルオロ酢酸イオンなど)、硫化物イオン、チオシアン酸イオン、リン酸イオン、ピロリン酸イオン、酸化物イオン、リン化物イオン、塩素酸イオン、過塩素酸イオン、ヨウ素酸イオン、ヘキサフルオロケイ酸イオン、シアン化物イオン、ホウ酸イオン、メタホウ酸イオン、ホウフッ化物イオン等が挙げられる。
一般式(3)のZで表されるアミンとしては、メチルアミン、エチルアミン、n-プロピルアミン、イソプロピルアミン、n-ブチルアミン、s-ブチルアミン、tert-ブチルアミン、シクロヘキシルアミン等の脂肪族アミン類;アニリン、ジメチルアニリン等の芳香族アミン類;ピリジン(py)、ジメチルアミノピリジン等の含窒素芳香族複素環類、ピロリジン、ピペラジン等の含窒素脂肪族複素環類;エチレンジアミン(en)、プロピレンジアミン、トリエチレンジアミン、テトラメチルエチレンジアミン(TMEDA)、ビピリジン(bpy)、フェナントロリン(phen)等のジアミン類)、硫黄化合物(ジメチルスルフィド、ジエチルスルフィド、ジプロピルスルフィド、ジブチルスルフィド等)等を挙げることができる。
一般式(3)のZで表される光学活性含窒素化合物としては、次の一般式(6);
例えば光学活性な1,2-ジフェニルエチレンジアミン、1,2-シクロヘキサンジアミン、1,2-シクロヘプタンジアミン、2,3-ジメチルブタンジアミン、1-メチル-2,2-ジフェニルエチレンジアミン、1-イソブチル-2,2-ジフェニルエチレンジアミン、1-イソブロピル-2,2-ジフェニルエチレンジアミン、1-メチル-2,2-ジ(p-メトキシフェニル)エチレンジアミン、1-イソブチル-2,2-ジ(p-メトキシフェニル)エチレンジアミン、1-イソプロピル-2,2-ジ(p-メトキシフェニル)エチレンジアミン、1-ベンジル-2,2-ジ(p-メトキシフェニル)エチレンジアミン、1-メチル-2,2-ジナフチルエチレンジアミン、1-イソブチル-2,2-ジナフチルエチレンジアミン、1-イソプロピル-2,2-ジナフチルエチレンジアミン、2-メチルアミノ-1-フェニルエチルアミン、2-エチルアミノ-1-フェニルエチルアミン、2-n-プロピルアミノ-1-フェニルエチルアミン、2-i-プロピルアミノ-1-フェニルエチルアミン、2-n-ブチルアミノ-1-フェニルエチルアミン、2-tert-ブチルアミノ-1-フェニルエチルアミン、2-シクロヘキシルアミノ-1-フェニルエチルアミン、2-ベンジルアミノ-1-フェニルエチルアミン、2-ジメチルアミノ-1-フェニルエチルアミン、2-ジエチルアミノ-1-フェニルエチルアミン、2-ジn-プロピルアミノ-1-フェニルエチルアミン、2-ジi-プロピルアミノ-1-フェニルエチルアミン、2-ジn-ブチルアミノ-1-フェニルエチルアミン、2-ジtert-ブチルアミノ-1-フェニルエチルアミン、2-ピロリジニル-1-フェニルエチルアミン、2-ピペリジオ-1-フェニルエチルアミンなどの光学活性ジアミン化合物を例示することができる。
(i)Wは塩素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子であり、Zはトリアルキルアミンであり、m=p=s=1、n=r=2、q=0を示し、(ii)Wは塩素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子であり、Zはピリジル基又は環置換ピリジル基であり、m=n=r=s=1、p=2、q=0を示し、(iii)Wはアシルオキシ基であり、m=n=r=1、p=2、q=s=0を示し、(iv)Wは塩素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子であり、Zはジメチルホルムアミド又はジメチルアセトアミドであり、m=n=r=1、p=2、q=0、sは0~4の整数を示し、(v)Wは塩素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子であり、Uは塩素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子であり、Zはジアルキルアンモニウムイオンであり、m=n=p=2、q=3、r=s=1を示し、(vi)Wは塩素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子であり、Uは中性配位子である芳香族化合物又はオレフィンであり、Zは塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子、I3、BF4、ClO4、OTf、PF6、SbF6又はBPh4であり、m=n=p=q=r=s=1を示し、(vii)ZはBF4、ClO4、OTf、PF6、SbF6又はBPh4であり、m=n=r=1、p=q=0、s=2を示し、(viii)W及びUは同一であっても異なっていてもよく、水素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子、カルボキシル基又は他のアニオン基であり、Zはジアミン化合物であり、m=n=p=q=r=s=1を示し、(ix)Wは水素原子であり、Uは塩素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子であり、m=p=q=r=1、n=2、s=0を示し、(x)Wは水素原子であり、ZはBF4、ClO4、OTf、PF6、SbF6又はBPh4であり、m=n=p=r=s=1、q=0を示し、(xi)Wは塩素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子であり、Uは一価ホスフィン配位子であり、Zは塩素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子であり、m=n=p=q=1、r=z=2を示し、(xii)W及びUは同一又は異なって、塩素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子であり、m=n=p=q=r=1、s=0を示す。)
で表される化合物が挙げられる。
また、文献(J.Chem.Soc.、Chem.Commun.、1208頁、1989年)に記載の方法に準じて、ビス[ジヨード(パラ-シメン)ルテニウム]([Ru(p-cymene)I2]2)と光学活性二座ホスフィン配位子とを有機溶媒中で加熱撹拌することにより調製することができる。更に、日本国特開平11-189600号公報に記載の方法に準じて、文献(J.Chem.Soc.、Chem.Commun.、992頁、1985年)の方法に従い得られるRu2Cl4(L)2NEt3とジアミン化合物とを有機溶媒中で反応せしめて合成することができる。
Ru(OAc)2(L)、Ru(OCOCF3)2(L)、Ru2Cl4(L)2NEt3、[RuCl2(L)(dmf)n]、RuHCl(L)、RuHBr(L)、RuHI(L)、[{RuCl(L)}2(μ-Cl)3][Me2NH2]、[{RuBr(L)}2(μ-Br)3][Me2NH2]、[{RuI(L)}2(μ-I)3][Me2NH2]、[{RuCl(L)}2(μ-Cl)3][Me2NH2]、[{RuBr(L)}2(μ-Br)3][Me2NH2]、[{RuBr(L)}2(μ-I)3][Me2NH2]、[RuCl[PPh3](L)]2(μ-Cl)2、[RuBr[PPh3](L)]2(μ-Br)2、[RuI[PPh3](L)]2(μ-I)2、RuCl2(L)、RuBr2(L)、RuI2(L)、[RuCl2(L)](dmf)n、RuCl2(L)(pyridine)2、RuBr2(L)(pyridine)2、RuI2(L)(pyridine)2、RuCl2(L)(2,2’-dipyridine)、RuBr2(L)(2,2’-dipyridine)、RuI2(L)(2,2’-dipyridine)、[RuCl(benzene)(L)]Cl、[RuBr(benzene)(L)]Br、[RuI(benzene)(L)]I、[RuCl(p-cymene)(L)]Cl、[RuBr(p-cymene)(L)]Br、[RuI(p-cymene)(L)]I、[RuI(p-cymene)(L)]I3、[Ru(L)](OTf)2、[Ru(L)](BF4)2、[Ru(L)](ClO4)2、[Ru(L)](SbF6)2、[Ru(L)](PF6)2、[Ru(L)](BPh4)2、[RuCl2(L)](en)、[RuBr2(L)](en)、[RuI2(L)](en)、[RuH2(L)](en)、[RuCl2(L)](DPEN)、[RuBr2(L)](DPEN)、[RuI2(L)](DPEN)、[RuH2(L)](DPEN)、[RuCl2(L)](DAIPEN)、[RuBr2(L)](DAIPEN)、[RuI2(L)](DAIPEN)、[RuH2(L)](DAIPEN)、[RuCl2(L)](MAE)、[RuBr2(L)](MAE)、[RuI2(L)](MAE)、[RuH2(L)](MAE)、[RuCl2(L)](EAE)、[RuBr2(L)](EAE)、[RuI2(L)](EAE)、[RuH2(L)](EAE)、[RuCl2(L)](MAPE)、[RuBr2(L)](MAPE)、[RuI2(L)](MAPE)、[RuH2(L)](MAPE)、[RuCl2(L)](DMAPE)、[RuBr2(L)](DMAPE)、[RuI2(L)](DMAPE)、[RuH2(L)](DMAPE)、[RuCl2(L)](DBAE)、[RuBr2(L)](DBAE)、[RuI2(L)](DBAE)、[RuH2(L)](DBAE)、[RuCl2(L)](DBAPE)、[RuBr2(L)](DBAPE)、[RuI2(L)](DBAPE)、[RuH2(L)](DBAPE)等を挙げることができる。
Ru2Cl4(L)2NEt3、[RuCl2(L)(dmf)n]、[{RuCl(L)}2(μ-Cl)3][Me2NH2]、[{RuBr(L)}2(μ-Br)3][Me2NH2]、[{RuI(L)}2(μ-I)3][Me2NH2]、[{RuCl(L)}2(μ-Cl)3][Me2NH2]、[{RuBr(L)}2(μ-Br)3][Me2NH2]、[{RuBr(L)}2(μ-I)3][Me2NH2]、[RuCl(benzene)(L)]Cl、[RuBr(benzene)(L)]Br、[RuI(benzene)(L)]I、[RuCl(p-cymene)(L)]Cl、[RuBr(p-cymene)(L)]Br、[RuI(p-cymene)(L)]I、[RuI(p-cymene)(L)]I3、[RuCl2(L)](MAE)、[RuBr2(L)](MAE)、[RuI2(L)](MAE)、[RuH2(L)](MAE)、[RuCl2(L)](EAE)、[RuBr2(L)](EAE)、[RuI2(L)](EAE)、[RuH2(L)](EAE)、[RuCl2(L)](MAPE)、[RuBr2(L)](MAPE)、[RuI2(L)](MAPE)、[RuH2(L)](MAPE)、[RuCl2(L)](DMAPE)、[RuBr2(L)](DMAPE)、[RuI2(L)](DMAPE)、[RuH2(L)](DMAPE)、[RuCl2(L)](DBAE)、[RuBr2(L)](DBAE)、[RuI2(L)](DBAE)、[RuH2(L)](DBAE)、[RuCl2(L)](DBAPE)、[RuBr2(L)](DBAPE)、[RuI2(L)](DBAPE)、[RuH2(L)](DBAPE)等を挙げることができる。
(式中、M’は、Li、Na又はKの金属を示し、Z’は、Cl、Br又はIのハロゲン原子を示す)
さらに、本発明では光学活性二座ホスフィン配位子と合わせて光学活性窒素化合物とを使用する。光学活性窒素化合物は、(S)-体及び(R)-体が存在するので、目的とする光学活性アルデヒド(1)の絶対配置に応じていずれかを選択すればよい。
すなわち、基質として、例えば、(E)-3-フェニル-4-メチル-2-ペンテノールを用いた場合、例えば、配位子としてTol-BINAPとDBAPEを用いたとき、(R)-体の光学活性3-フェニル-4-メチルペンタノールを得るには(S)-体のTol-BINAPと(R)-体のDBAPEを用い、(S)-体の光学活性3-フェニル-4-メチルペンタノールを得るには(R)-体のTol-BINAPと(S)-体のDBAPEを用いればよい。一方、基質として(Z)-体を用いた場合、(S)-体の光学活性3-フェニル-4-メチルペンタノールを得るには(R)-体のTol-BINAPと(S)-体のDBAPEを用い、(R)-体の光学活性3-フェニル-4-メチルペンタノールを得るには(S)-体のTol-BINAPと(R)-体のDBAPEを用いればよい。
また、添加する塩基の量は、遷移金属-光学活性ホスフィン錯体に対し、0.5~100当量、好ましくは、2~40当量であることが好ましい。
反応温度については、0~150℃で行うことができるが、10~70℃の範囲がより好ましい。また、反応時間は、反応基質濃度、温度等の反応条件によって異なるが、数分~30時間で反応は完結する。反応終了後は、通常の後処理を行うことにより、目的とする光学活性アルデヒド(1)を単離することができる。
(E)-3-フェニル-4-メチル-2-ペンテノールの不斉異性化
1H NMR δ=0.77(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.95(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),1.26(br s,1H),1.87(m,1H),2.70-2.84(m,2H),2.88-3.00(m,1H),7.13-7.23(m,3H),7.25-7.32(m,2H).
実施例1において使用した触媒、基質と触媒のモル比、反応溶媒を表1に示したように変更した以外は、原料として(E)-3-フェニル-4-メチル-2-ペンテノールを用いて実施例1と同様の方法で反応を実施した。(3R)-3-フェニル-4-メチルペンタノールの収率は、実施例1と同様に、反応終了後、溶媒を減圧下濃縮し、残渣をガスクロマトグラフィー(カラム:SPELCO SLBTM-5ms)にて測定した。光学純度も実施例1と同様に、ガスクロマトグラフィー(カラム:Varian CHIRASIL-DEX CB)を用いて測定した。実施例1~10の反応結果を表1に示す。
RuCl2[(R)-DBAPE][(S)-TolBINAP]
RuCl2[DBAE][(S)-TolBINAP]
触媒[D]:[RuCl{(S)-TolBINAP}(p-cymene)]Cl
触媒[E]:[(C2H5)2NH2][RuCl{(S)-TolBINAP}2(μ-Cl)3]
実施例1における基質と触媒のモル比、反応時間を表2に示したように変更し、表2に示した原料を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で反応を実施した。反応収率は、実施例1と同様に、反応終了後、溶媒を減圧下濃縮し、残渣をガスクロマトグラフィー(カラム:SPELCO SLBTM-5ms)にて測定した。光学純度も実施例1と同様に、ガスクロマトグラフィー(カラム:Varian CHIRASIL-DEX CB,化合物(k),化合物(l)についてのみSPELCO-DEXTM225)を用いて測定した。化合物cについてのみ、生成物のアルデヒドを常法(NaBH4,次にAcCl,ピリジン)によりアルコールまで還元、アセチル化したのち、同様な手法で光学純度を決定した。反応結果を表2に示す。
[(E)-3-フェニル-4-メチル-2-ペンテノール]
化合物(b):Ra=4-CH3C6H4,Rb=i-C3H7
[(E)-3-(4-メチルフェニル)-4-メチル-2-ペンテノール]
化合物(c):Ra=4-CH3OC6H4,Rb=i-C3H7
[(E)-3-(4-メトキシフェニル)-4-メチル-2-ペンテノール]
化合物(d):Ra=4-ClC6H4,Rb=i-C3H7
[(E)-3-(4-クロロフェニル)-4-メチル-2-ペンテノール]
化合物(e):Ra=C6H5,Rb=cyclo-C6H11
[(E)-3-フェニル-3-シクロヘキシル-2-プロペノール]
化合物(f):Ra=C6H5,Rb=C2H5
[(E)-3-フェニル-2-ペンテノール]
化合物(g):Ra=C6H5,Rb=CH3
[(E)-3-フェニル-2-ブテノール]
化合物(h):Ra=i-C3H7,Rb=C6H5
[(Z)-3-フェニル-4-メチル-2-ペンテノール]
化合物(i):Ra=CF3,Rb=C6H5
[(E)-3-トリフルオロメチル-3-フェニル-2-プロペノール]
化合物(j):Ra=cyclo-C6H11,Rb=CH3
[(E)-3-シクロヘキシル-2-ブテノール
化合物(k):Ra=(CH3)2C=CH(CH2)2,Rb=CH3
[ゲラニオール((E)-3,7-ジメチル-2,6-オキタジエン-1-オール)]
化合物(l):Ra=CH3,Rb=(CH3)2C=CH(CH2)2
[ネロール((Z)-3,7-ジメチル-2,6-オキタジエン-1-オール)]
化合物(m):Ra=n-C4H9,Rb=CH3
[(E)-3-メチル-2-ヘプテノール]
Claims (3)
- 式(1)
で表される光学活性アルデヒドの製造方法であって、
式(2)
で表されるアリルアルコールを、ルテニウム錯体と塩基の存在下に不斉異性化することを特徴とする、製造方法。 - 前記不斉異性化を、下記一般式(3)
[RumLnWpUq]rZs (3)
(式(3)中、Lは、光学活性ホスフィン配位子であり;Wは、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アシルオキシ基、アリール基、ジエン又はアニオンであり;Uは、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アシルオキシ基、アリール基、ジエン、アニオン又はL以外の配位子であり;Zは、アニオン、アミン又は光学活性含窒素化合物であり;m、n及びrは各々独立に1~5の整数であり、p、q及びsは各々独立に0~5の整数であり、p+q+sは1以上である。)
で表されるルテニウム錯体を用いて行なうことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の製造方法。 - 前記塩基が、アルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属の塩若しくは四級アンモニウム塩であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の製造方法。
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