WO2014104233A1 - 低反発性電解銅箔、該電解銅箔を使用した配線板及びフレキシブル配線板 - Google Patents
低反発性電解銅箔、該電解銅箔を使用した配線板及びフレキシブル配線板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014104233A1 WO2014104233A1 PCT/JP2013/084970 JP2013084970W WO2014104233A1 WO 2014104233 A1 WO2014104233 A1 WO 2014104233A1 JP 2013084970 W JP2013084970 W JP 2013084970W WO 2014104233 A1 WO2014104233 A1 WO 2014104233A1
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- copper foil
- electrolytic copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D1/00—Electroforming
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D1/00—Electroforming
- C25D1/04—Wires; Strips; Foils
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/09—Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/02—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which the conductive material is applied to the surface of the insulating support and is thereafter removed from such areas of the surface which are not intended for current conducting or shielding
- H05K3/022—Processes for manufacturing precursors of printed circuits, i.e. copper-clad substrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/38—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of copper
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/03—Conductive materials
- H05K2201/0332—Structure of the conductor
- H05K2201/0335—Layered conductors or foils
- H05K2201/0355—Metal foils
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolytic copper foil particularly excellent in low resilience and fine pattern properties. More specifically, the present invention is for a flexible wiring board excellent in low resilience and fine pattern property, in which excessive crystal coarsening is suppressed in the heat treatment applied in the film sticking step when manufacturing the flexible wiring board.
- the present invention relates to a suitable electrolytic copper foil.
- Electrolytic copper foil represents either one or both of electrolytic copper foil and electrolytic copper alloy foil.
- the “untreated” state refers to a state in which the surface is subjected to rust prevention treatment after foil formation or after foil formation, or is subjected to adhesion improving treatment such as roughening treatment as necessary, and is not subjected to heat treatment.
- Low resilience is a characteristic that can be bent with a small load and easily leads to plastic deformation.
- wiring boards are used as substrates and connection materials for silicon chips and capacitors, and copper foil is generally used for the conductive layers of the wiring boards.
- the copper foil of the wiring board is generally supplied in the form of a rolled copper foil or an electrolytic copper foil, and among them, an electrolytic copper foil that is highly productive and easily thinned is widely used.
- a wiring board having low resilience (hereinafter referred to as a flexible wiring board) that can be mounted efficiently and without problems in a small space in such applications has low resilience also in the copper foil as the conductive layer. Desired.
- a copper foil having such characteristics before the film sticking process generally tends to be wrinkled, making it difficult to handle in a production / processing line. On the other hand, even if the copper foil is excessively repulsive before the film sticking step, the foil breakage is likely to occur on the production / processing line, and handling becomes difficult.
- the copper foil when copper foil is used for a flexible wiring board, it is necessary to be able to form a fine pattern circuit that can cope with higher wiring density.
- the copper foil needs to have low roughness.
- the crystal grain structure in the copper foil needs to be fine to some extent, and the copper foil in which the crystal grain structure becomes excessively coarse by the heat treatment adversely affects the fine pattern property.
- the thickness of the copper foil conventionally used for flexible wiring boards has been 18 ⁇ m or 12 ⁇ m, but a copper foil of 12 ⁇ m or thinner has been demanded.
- the manufacturing cost of the rolled copper foil whose thickness is 18 micrometers or less becomes about 2 times higher than an electrolytic copper foil.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 43575478 discloses a rolled copper alloy foil excellent in bending workability by controlling crystal orientation and the like as an electrical / electronic component application such as a connector and a lead frame.
- this rolled copper alloy foil is characterized in that it does not return after bending (does not spring back). At the bending stage, its repulsive force is strong because of its high strength, and it has characteristics different from the low repulsion required by the present invention. ing.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-242846 discloses a rolled copper alloy foil in which the repulsive force during bending is reduced by controlling the foil thickness, surface roughness, crystal orientation, and the like as a flexible wiring board application.
- the rolled copper foil or the rolled copper alloy foil and the electrolytic copper foil of the present invention are completely different in the production method, and the required crystal structure control methods and components are also different.
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-320083 discloses a copper clad laminate (CCL) in which spring back is suppressed by controlling the composition of polyimide and the thickness of the copper foil layer as a flexible wiring board.
- the copper foil layer of this copper-clad laminate is only limited in thickness and does not improve the rebound itself as a crystal structure, but it is reduced by controlling the crystal structure of the copper foil layer itself. This is different from the present invention that realizes resilience.
- Patent Document 4 (Patent No. 4712759) is excellent in fine pattern property by setting the surface roughness Rz of the mat surface (M surface) to 1.0 ⁇ m or less and Ra to 0.2 ⁇ m or less as a circuit board application.
- An electrolytic copper foil is disclosed. However, this electrolytic copper foil is characterized by excellent surface smoothness, and the low resilience required by the present invention is not a target.
- Patent Document 5 Patent No. 4,827,952 discloses an electrolytic copper foil having excellent flexibility by controlling the impurity concentration in the copper foil to be low for CCL (copper-clad laminate).
- this electrolytic copper foil can be bent with a small load, but plastic deformation is unlikely to occur as can be easily imagined from the fact that it has high flexibility that requires a wide elastic deformation region, and bending Since the amount of return later increases, the low resilience required by the present invention is not provided.
- the present invention is easy to handle in the production / processing line, exhibits low repulsion by the heat treatment applied in the film sticking process, or maintains low repulsion, and can cope with downsizing of electrical equipment, And it is providing the electrolytic copper foil which the excessive coarsening of a crystal grain structure is suppressed and is excellent also in fine pattern property.
- the numerical value y1 indicating the rigidity represented by Equation 1 based on the stress X1 (MPa) of 0.2% strain measured at room temperature after heat treatment at 300 ° C. for 1 hour is less than 800
- a numerical value y2 representing the degree of change in rigidity accompanying bending shown in Formula 2 based on the stress X1 (MPa) and the stress X2 (MPa) of 0.4% strain is 1.5 or more.
- the electrolytic copper foil preferably has a numerical value y3 indicating a rigidity represented by Equation 3 based on a stress X3 (MPa) at 0.2% strain before heat treatment (untreated) of 600 or more and less than 1000.
- y3 a rigidity represented by Equation 3 based on a stress X3 (MPa) at 0.2% strain before heat treatment (untreated) of 600 or more and less than 1000.
- the electrolytic copper foil preferably has 5,000 or more crystal grains having a grain size of less than 2 ⁇ m in 300 ⁇ m square observed at room temperature after heat treatment at 300 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the electrolytic copper foil preferably has a mat surface (M surface) having a surface roughness Rz of less than 3.0 ⁇ m and a shiny surface (S surface) having a surface roughness Rz of less than 3.0 ⁇ m.
- the electrolytic copper foil of the present invention can be suitably used as a wiring board, and is particularly suitable for a flexible wiring board.
- the electrolytic copper foil of the present invention is easy to handle in the production and processing line of the wiring board, is excellent in low resilience after the heat treatment applied in the film sticking process, and can cope with downsizing of electrical equipment, and Since both surfaces have low roughness and excessive coarsening of the crystal grain structure is suppressed, an electrolytic copper foil excellent in fine pattern property can be provided.
- the numerical value y1 indicating the rigidity expressed by the mathematical formula 1 is less than 800 in the stress X1 (MPa) at 0.2% strain measured at room temperature after heat treatment at 300 ° C. for 1 hour, and A numerical value y2 representing the degree of change in rigidity accompanying bending shown in Formula 2 with a stress X1 (MPa) and a stress X2 (MPa) at 0.4% strain is 1.5 or more.
- the numerical value y2 represents the degree of change in rigidity accompanying bending, and the larger the numerical value y2, the easier the plastic deformation occurs due to bending, and the smaller the return amount of the spring property after bending.
- the numerical value of y2 is less than 1.5, plastic deformation due to bending hardly occurs, and the return amount of the spring property after bending increases. Even if the numerical value y2 is less than 1.5, if the stress X1 and the stress X2 are small, it seems that there is no problem in low resilience, but since the plastic deformation is difficult to occur, the return amount of the spring property after bending is small. Since it becomes large, the required low resilience cannot be obtained.
- the numerical value y3 indicating the rigidity represented by the mathematical formula 3 at a stress X3 (MPa) at 0.2% strain is 600 or more and less than 1000.
- the numerical value y3 indicating the rigidity is 600 or more and less than 1000, the rigidity is moderate and good handling properties are maintained.
- the numerical value y3 is less than 600, the rigidity is too weak and wrinkles are likely to occur in the production / processing line, making handling difficult.
- the numerical value y3 is 1000 or more, the rigidity is too strong, and the foil is easily cut off in the production / processing line, so that handling becomes difficult.
- the electrolytic copper foil of the present invention is characterized in that the number of crystal grains having a particle size of less than 2 ⁇ m in 300 ⁇ m square observed at room temperature after heat treatment at 300 ° C. for 1 hour is 5,000 or more. If the number of crystal grains is 5,000 or more, the crystal structure is fine and good fine pattern properties are maintained. On the other hand, if the number of crystal grains having a grain size of less than 2 ⁇ m in a 300 ⁇ m square is less than 5,000, the crystal grain structure becomes coarse and adversely affects fine pattern properties.
- the electrolytic copper foil of the present invention is characterized in that the surface roughness Rz of the M plane is less than 3.0 ⁇ m and the surface roughness Rz of the S plane is less than 3.0 ⁇ m. If Rz is less than 3.0 ⁇ m, the surface irregularities are small and good fine pattern properties are maintained. On the other hand, if Rz is 3.0 ⁇ m or more, the unevenness of the surface is large, and the fine pattern property is adversely affected.
- the electrolytic copper foil is made by, for example, an electrolytic foil making apparatus shown in FIG.
- the electrolytic foil making apparatus comprises a rotating drum-like cathode 2 (the surface is made of SUS or titanium), and an anode 1 (lead electrode or noble metal oxide-coated titanium electrode) arranged concentrically with respect to the cathode 2. While supplying the electrolytic solution 3 to the foil making apparatus, current is passed between both electrodes to deposit copper to a predetermined thickness on the surface of the cathode 2, and then the copper is peeled off from the surface of the cathode 2 in the form of foil.
- the surface of the untreated (before electrolytic treatment) electrolytic copper foil 4 in contact with the electrolytic solution 3 is the mat surface (M surface), and the surface in contact with the drum-like cathode 2 is the shiny surface (S surface).
- the foil manufacturing apparatus using the drum-like cathode 2 has been described.
- the copper foil may be manufactured by a foil manufacturing apparatus having a plate-like cathode.
- a copper sulfate plating solution is used as the electrolytic solution 3.
- the sulfuric acid concentration of the copper sulfate plating solution is preferably 20 to 150 g / L, particularly 30 to 100 g / L.
- the sulfuric acid concentration is less than 20 g / L, it becomes difficult to flow an electric current, so that practical operation becomes difficult, and the uniformity of plating and electrodeposition are also deteriorated.
- the sulfuric acid concentration exceeds 150 g / L, the solubility of copper is lowered, so that a sufficient copper concentration cannot be obtained, and realistic operation becomes difficult. Also, corrosion of equipment is promoted.
- the copper concentration is preferably 40 to 150 g / L, particularly 60 to 100 g / L.
- the copper concentration is less than 40 g / L, it is difficult to secure a current density that allows practical operation in the production of electrolytic copper foil.
- Increasing the copper concentration above 150 g / L is not practical because a considerably high temperature is required.
- Organic additives to be added to the copper sulfate plating bath are two kinds of organic additives, a compound having a mercapto group and a polymer polysaccharide.
- a compound having a mercapto group has an effect of promoting copper electrodeposition
- a high molecular polysaccharide has an effect of suppressing copper electrodeposition.
- the crystal structure control effect exerted by the optimum concentration of the two organic additives facilitates plastic deformation with a small bend, which is a feature of the present invention.
- An excessively coarse grain structure is suppressed, and an electrolytic copper foil having low roughness is obtained.
- the added chlorine acts as a catalyst that effectively exhibits the effects of the two organic additives.
- MPS-Na sodium 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate
- SPS-Na ⁇ bis (3-sulfopropyl) disulfide sodium ⁇ is selected.
- SPS is a dimer of MPS, exhibits the same effect as an additive, and has the same required concentration.
- the concentration is preferably from 0.25 ppm to 7.5 ppm, particularly preferably from 1.0 ppm to 5.0 ppm. If it is less than 0.25 ppm, it is difficult to exhibit the effect of promoting electrodeposition on the concave portions generated in the foil production, and the effect of controlling the crystal structure, which is a feature of the present invention, is also hardly exhibited.
- the high molecular polysaccharide is HEC (hydroxyethyl cellulose), and the concentration is preferably 3.0 ppm or more and 30 ppm or less, and particularly preferably 10 ppm or more and 20 ppm or less. If it is less than 3.0 ppm, the electrodeposition suppressing effect on the convex portion is hardly exhibited, and the effect of controlling the crystal structure, which is a feature of the present invention, is hardly exhibited. On the other hand, if it exceeds 30 ppm, the generation of bubbles, which is an effect peculiar to polymer polysaccharides, becomes excessive, the supply of copper ions becomes insufficient, and it becomes difficult to produce a normal copper foil, and the organic matter in the electrolyte increases. By doing so, it causes “burn plating” to occur.
- HEC hydroxyethyl cellulose
- the chlorine concentration is preferably from 1 ppm to 20 ppm, particularly preferably from 5 ppm to 15 ppm.
- Chlorine acts as a catalyst that effectively exhibits the effects of the two organic additives. If the chlorine concentration is less than 1 ppm, it is difficult to exert the catalytic action described above, and it is difficult to bring out the effect of the organic additive. is not. Further, if it exceeds 20 ppm, not only the catalytic action of chlorine on the organic additive but also the influence on the electrodeposition of chlorine itself becomes large, so the effect of controlling the crystal structure by the additive which is a feature of the present invention is also exhibited. It becomes difficult.
- the current density for foil production is preferably 20 to 200 A / dm 2 , particularly preferably 30 to 120 A / dm 2 .
- the current density is less than 20 A / dm 2 , production efficiency is very low in the production of electrolytic copper foil, which is not realistic. This is because, in order to increase the current density from 200 A / dm 2, a high copper concentration, a high temperature, and a high flow rate are required, which imposes a large burden on the electrolytic copper foil manufacturing facility and is not realistic.
- the electrolytic bath temperature is preferably 25 to 80 ° C, particularly 30 to 70 ° C.
- the bath temperature is less than 25 ° C., it is difficult to secure a sufficient copper concentration and current density in the production of the electrolytic copper foil, which is not realistic. Further, raising the temperature from 80 ° C. is very difficult in operation and facilities and is not realistic.
- the above electrolysis conditions are appropriately adjusted from the respective ranges so as not to cause problems such as copper deposition and plating burns.
- the surface roughness immediately after the production of the electrolytic copper foil transfers the roughness of the surface of the cathode 2
- a cathode having a surface roughness Rz of 0.1 to 3.0 ⁇ m By using such a cathode, since the surface roughness of the S surface immediately after the production of the electrolytic copper foil is a transfer of the cathode surface, the surface roughness Rz of the S surface can be 0.1 to 3.0 ⁇ m. .
- the reason why the surface roughness Rz of the S surface of the electrolytic copper foil is less than 0.1 ⁇ m is that the surface roughness Rz of the cathode is less than 0.1 ⁇ m. It is difficult to finish smoothly and is not suitable for mass production. On the other hand, when the roughness Rz of the S surface is 3.0 ⁇ m or more, the fine pattern property is lowered and the characteristics required by the present invention cannot be obtained.
- the surface roughness Rz of the M surface of the electrolytic copper foil is preferably 0.05 to 3.0 ⁇ m. In order to finish the surface roughness Rz to a roughness of less than 0.05 ⁇ m, even if bright plating is performed, it is very difficult and practically impossible to manufacture. On the other hand, if the surface roughness Rz of the M-plane is 3.0 ⁇ m or more, the fine pattern property is lowered, and the characteristics required by the present invention cannot be obtained. It is more preferable that the roughness Rz of the S surface and the M surface is less than 1.5 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the electrolytic copper foil is preferably 3 ⁇ m to 210 ⁇ m.
- a copper foil having a thickness of less than 3 ⁇ m is not practical because of severe manufacturing conditions due to handling techniques and the like.
- the upper limit of the thickness is about 210 ⁇ m from the current usage state of the circuit board. This is because it is unlikely that an electrolytic copper foil having a thickness of 210 ⁇ m or more is used as a copper foil for a wiring board, and the cost merit of using the electrolytic copper foil is lost.
- the thickness of the foil is preferably 18 ⁇ m or less, preferably 12 ⁇ m or less.
- H 2 SO 4 copper sulfate
- Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-5 were polished with # 1500 polishing cloth, and Examples 8 and 6 were polished with # 800 polishing cloth.
- an electrolytic copper foil having a thickness of 12 ⁇ m was produced with reference to Example 4 (copper sulfate plating solution, copper 70 g / l, sulfuric acid 50 g / l) of Patent Document 5 (Japanese Patent No. 48279952). .
- the resilience was measured using the apparatus shown in FIG.
- the copper foil 5 to be a test piece was placed in a coiled shape, crushed until the crushing distance 7 became a specified distance, the load measured by the electronic balance 6 was measured as a repulsive load, and the resilience was evaluated.
- Coil length 10mm Crushing distance: 1mm, 3mm Measurement time: 30 seconds after crushing Measuring method: Measured with electronic balance as repulsive load In repulsive measurement, repulsive load with crushing distance of 3 mm and 1 mm for “ease of bending with small load” A sample with a value of less than 25 gf was evaluated as ⁇ (passed), and a sample of 25 gf or higher was evaluated as x (failed).
- the sample 5 was used to measure the surface roughness Rz using a contact-type surface roughness meter.
- the surface roughness is indicated by Rz (10-point average roughness) defined in JIS-B-0601.
- the reference length was 0.8 mm.
- Rz 10-point average roughness
- Table 3 shows the measurement results.
- Fine Pattern Properties were evaluated using Sample 6.
- the circuit pattern created in the above was used.
- the circuit pattern was observed with a microscope from directly above, and the difference between the upper limit and the lower limit of the circuit width was measured at a circuit length of 100 ⁇ m.
- the numerical value y1 indicating the rigidity expressed by Equation 1 is less than 800 and can be bent with a small load.
- the numerical value y2 representing the degree of change in rigidity accompanying bending shown in Expression 2 is 1.5 or more, and plastic deformation due to bending is easily caused.
- Examples 1 to 8 passed the evaluation of “ease of bending with a small load” and “ease of plastic deformation”.
- the numerical value y3 indicating the rigidity represented by Expression 3 is 600 or more and less than 1000, and the rigidity is not too strong, so that handling in the production / processing line is easy.
- the numerical value y1 is less than 1000, so that it can be used effectively. it can.
- the heating condition may be less than 300 ° C.
- the numerical value y1 after heat treatment at 300 ° C. ⁇ 1 hour is less than 600, and even a copper foil that is likely to have too low rigidity becomes 600 or more depending on the heating conditions. Can be used for
- the number of crystal grains having a particle size of less than 2 ⁇ m measured at room temperature after heat treatment at 300 ° C. for 1 hour is 5,000 or more in 300 ⁇ m square, so that Since excessive coarsening of the crystal grain structure is suppressed and the surface roughness is less than 3.0 ⁇ m, the fine pattern property is excellent.
- the surface roughness is less than 3.0 ⁇ m, but the number of crystal grains having a grain size of less than 2 ⁇ m measured at room temperature after 300 ° C. ⁇ 1 hour heat treatment is less than 5,000.
- the heat treatment applied in the film sticking step or the like cannot be preferably used at about 300 ° C.
- Example 8 since it is excellent in low resilience, it can be suitably used for products whose heat treatment is greatly below 300 ° C.
- the number of crystal grains having a grain size of less than 2 ⁇ m measured at room temperature after heat treatment at 300 ° C. for 1 hour is equal to that in Example 2, but the surface roughness is 3.0 ⁇ m or more on both sides, and there are irregularities. Since it is large, the fine pattern property is inferior. However, since it has excellent low resilience, it can be effectively employed for a wiring board that does not require a fine circuit.
- Comparative Example 6 has a surface roughness of 3.0 ⁇ m or more, large irregularities, and the number of crystal grains having a grain size of less than 2 ⁇ m measured at room temperature after heat treatment at 300 ° C. for 1 hour is less than 5,000. In addition, since the crystal grain structure is excessively coarse, the fine pattern property is very poor.
- the electrolytic copper foil of the present invention is easy to handle in the production / processing line and exhibits low resilience in the heat treatment applied in the film sticking process (stacking process with the substrate).
- the electrolytic copper foil of this invention is excellent in fine pattern property, of course, it can apply also to the wiring board which does not require flexibility.
- the electrolytic copper foil of the present invention MPS-Na or SPS-Na is added as a compound having a mercapto group in a concentration range of 0.25 ppm to 7.5 ppm, and HEC is 3.0 ppm to 30 ppm as a polymer polysaccharide. It is possible to make a foil with an acidic copper electrolytic solution to which chlorine ions are added in the range of 1 ppm to 20 ppm.
- the electrolytic copper foil of the present invention is subjected to surface treatment such as rust prevention treatment and then laminated with a film substrate as it is, it is excellent in surface smoothness, so it can be suitably used as a high-frequency flexible wiring board. Can do.
- a roughening treatment layer for the purpose of improving the adhesion by the anchor effect can be provided on one surface. The roughening process is not an essential process as long as the target performance can be achieved.
- the electrolytic copper foil of the present invention is also effective as a high-frequency wiring board by utilizing the smoothness of the surface. Since it has low resilience, it is effective as a high-frequency wiring board that requires such characteristics. In addition, the unique characteristics of both surface smoothness, “ease of bending under small load” and “ease of plastic deformation” make it possible to provide copper foil for various materials as well as wiring boards. is there.
- Anode 2 Cathode 3: Electrolytic solution 4: Untreated electrolytic copper foil 5: Copper foil 6: Electronic balance 7: Crushing distance
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Abstract
Description
「電解銅箔」とは、電解銅箔或いは電解銅合金箔のいずれか一方、または、両方を表現する。
「未処理」状態とは、製箔後、或いは製箔後に表面を防錆処理し、或いは必要により粗化処理等の密着性改善処理を施した状態を云い、加熱処理を施していない状態を表現する。
「低反発性」とは、小さな荷重で曲げることが可能で且つ容易に塑性変形に至るという特性である。
〔数式1〕
y1=(X1/0.2)<800
〔数式2〕
y2=(X1/0.2)/(X2/0.4)≧1.5
〔数式3〕
600≦y3=(X3/0.2)<1000
〔数式1〕 y1=(X1/0.2)<800
〔数式2〕 y2=(X1/0.2)/(X2/0.4)≧1.5
数値y1が800未満であると剛性が小さいので小さな荷重で曲げることが可能である。一方、800以上であると剛性が大きくなるので小さな荷重では曲げることが難しくなる。
なお、上記数値y2が1.5未満であっても応力X1、応力X2が小さければ低反発に問題がないように見えるが、塑性変形が起こり難い以上、曲げ加工後のばね性の戻り量が大きくなってしまうので必要とされる低反発性は得られない。
〔数式3〕600≦ y3=(X3/0.2)<1000
剛性を示す数値y3は600以上、且つ1000未満であれば剛性が適度であり良好なハンドリング性が保たれる。一方、数値y3が600未満であると剛性が弱過ぎて、製造・加工ラインでシワが発生し易いため、ハンドリングが難しくなる。また、数値y3が1000以上であっても剛性が強過ぎて、製造・加工ラインで箔切れが発生し易いためハンドリングが難しくなる。
結晶粒個数が5,000個以上ならば結晶組織が微細であり、良好なファインパターン性が保たれる。
一方、300μm四方における粒径2μm未満の結晶粒個数が5,000個未満であると結晶粒組織が粗大となり、ファインパターン性に悪影響を与える。
Rzが3.0μm未満ならば表面の凹凸が小さく、良好なファインパターン性が保たれる。
一方、Rzが3.0μm以上ならば表面の凹凸が大きく、ファインパターン性に悪影響を与える。
通常、電解銅箔は、例えば図1に示す電解製箔装置により製箔される。電解製箔装置は、回転するドラム状のカソード2(表面はSUS又はチタン製)、該カソード2に対して同心円状に配置されたアノード1(鉛電極又は貴金属酸化物被覆チタン電極)からなり、該製箔装置に電解液3を供給しつつ両極間に電流を流してカソード2表面に所定の厚さに銅を電析させ、その後カソード2表面から銅を箔状に剥ぎ取る。また、未処理(電解処理前)電解銅箔4の電解液3と接していた面がマット面(M面)、ドラム状のカソード2と接していた面がシャイニー面(S面)である。
なお、上記はドラム状のカソード2を採用した製箔装置につき説明したがカソードを板状とする製箔装置で銅箔を製造することもある。
また、2種の有機添加剤が最適な濃度となることによって発揮される結晶組織制御効果により、本発明の特徴となっている小さな曲げで塑性変形が容易に進み、ハンドリング性に優れ、熱処理後の結晶粒組織の過度な粗大化が抑制され、低粗度となる電解銅箔が得られる。
添加する塩素は上記2種の有機添加剤の効果を有効に発揮させる触媒のような作用をする。
濃度としては0.25ppm以上7.5ppm以下、特に1.0ppm以上5.0ppm以下が好ましい。0.25ppm未満では製箔中に発生する凹部に対する電析促進効果が発揮され難くなり、本発明の特徴である結晶組織制御の効果も発揮され難くなる。また、7.5ppmを超えると、凸部に対する電析促進効果が過剰となり、部分的な異常析出が起こりやすく、正常な外観の銅箔の製造が困難となり、単に添加剤のコストが嵩むだけで、物性の改善は期待できない。
上記の電解条件は、それぞれの範囲から、銅の析出、めっきのヤケ等の不具合が起きないような条件に適宜調整して行う。
本発明においてファインパターン性を高めるには箔の厚さを18μm以下、好ましくは12μm以下と薄くすることが好ましい。
実施例1~8、比較例1~6
実施例1~8、比較例1~6については、(a)表1に示す組成の硫酸銅(H2SO4)めっき液を活性炭フィルターに通して清浄処理し、同じく表1に示す添加剤を添加し所定の濃度とした後、(b)表1に示す電流密度で図1に示す回転ドラム式製箔装置により電解製箔し、厚さ12μmの電解銅箔を製造した。なお、製箔前に研磨布でドラム表面の研磨処理を行った。その際、実施例1~7、比較例1~5は#1500の研磨布で、実施例8、比較例6は#800の研磨布で研磨を行なった。
比較例7については特許文献4(特許第4712759号公報)の実施例6(MPS比率=3、PBF比率15、HEC比率4)を参考にして、厚さ12μmの電解銅箔を製造した。
比較例8については特許文献5(特許第4827952号公報)の実施例4(硫酸銅めっき液、銅70g/l、硫酸50g/l)を参考にして、厚さ12μmの電解銅箔を製造した。
作成した各実施例、各比較例の未処理電解銅箔を6サンプル(サンプル1~6)に分割し下記測定・試験に使用した。
サンプル1
始めに、サンプル1を使用して未処理のまま(=熱処理前)引張試験を行い、0.2%歪時の応力を測定した。
サンプル2、3
2つのサンプルを使用して窒素雰囲気中にて300℃×1時間熱処理した後に、一方のサンプル2を使用して引張試験を行い、常温で0.2%歪時の応力と0.4%歪時の応力を測定した。残ったもう一方のサンプル3を使用して反発性測定を行った。
サンプル4
サンプル4を使用して300℃×1時間熱処理した後に常温で、EBSD測定により結晶粒径の分布の算出を行った。
サンプル5
サンプル5を使用して表面粗さの測定を行った。
サンプル6
サンプル6を使用してファインパターン性の評価を行った。
(2)引張試験
サンプル1を6インチ×幅0.5インチの試験片に裁断し引張試験機を用いて0.2%歪時の応力を測定した。なお、引張速度は50mm/minとした。
サンプル2を長さ6インチ×幅0.5インチの試験片に裁断し引張試験機を用いて0.2%歪時の応力と0.4%歪時の応力を測定した。なお、引張速度は50mm/minとした。
なお、常温で0.2%歪時の応力とはその名の通り、常温で0.2%歪時に示す応力値のことであり、0.4%歪時の応力も同様である。測定結果を表2に示す。
図2に示す装置を用いて反発性を測定した。試験片となる銅箔5をコイル状に丸めて設置し、押し潰し距離7が指定の距離となるまで押し潰し、電子天秤6で測定される荷重を反発荷重として測定し、反発性を評価した。
具体的には、サンプル3を長さ40mm×幅15mmの試験片に裁断し、コイル長さ10mm(=コイルの円周10mm)で丸めて、下記の条件にて反発性の測定を行った。
コイル長さ:10mm
押し潰し距離:1mm、3mm
測定時間:押し潰し後30秒後
測定方法:電子天秤にて測定される荷重を反発荷重として測定
反発性測定において、「小さな荷重での曲げ易さ」について、押し潰し距離3mm及び1mmの反発荷重が25gf未満のサンプルは○(合格)、25gf以上のサンプルは×(不合格)と評価した。
さらに、「塑性変形のし易さ」については、
(押し潰し距離1mmの反発荷重)÷(押し潰し距離3mmの反発荷重)
の数値が1.05未満のサンプルは○(合格)、1.05以上のサンプルは×(不合格)と評価した。この数値が小さいことは、押し潰し距離3mmとさらに押し潰した距離1mmの反発荷重の差異が少ないことを表している。即ち、数値が小さい程、変形量と反発荷重が比例する弾性領域での変形よりも、塑性領域での変形が主になっており、曲げ加工後の戻り量が少ないことを表している。
測定結果を表2に示す。
サンプル4のM面の表面を薬品にてエッチング処理して測定面とし、視野300μm四方、ステップサイズ0.5μmの測定条件にて粒径2μm未満の結晶粒の個数の算出を行った。なお、解析・算出にあたってはTSL社製の解析ソフト「OIM」を使用した。
結晶粒の個数については5°以上のずれを粒界と定義し、各結晶粒の面積と同じ面積の円の直径を結晶粒径として算出した。測定結果を表3に示す。
サンプル5を用いて表面粗さRzを接触式表面粗さ計を用いて測定した。
表面粗さはJIS-B-0601に規定されるRz(10点平均粗さ)で示している。基準長さは0.8mmで行った。本計測機を用いると一回の測定で、Ra、Ry、Rzの三つの測定値を得ることができる。本発明においては、Rzを表面粗さとして採用した。測定結果を表3に示す。
サンプル6を用いてファインパターン性の評価を行った。評価はM面側をポリイミドフィルムに300℃×1時間で熱プレス圧着した後、S面側をL/S(Line and Space)=25μm/25μmにてマスキングし、塩化銅溶液にてエッチングを行って作成した回路パターンにて行った。
評価方法は、回路パターンを真上から顕微鏡で観察し、100μmの回路長さで、回路幅の上限と下限の差を測定した。回路幅の上限と下限の差が1μm未満を◎(特に良)、3μm未満を○(合格)、それ以外を×(不合格)と判断した。
結果を表3に示す。
さらに、実施例1~8は数式2で示される曲げに伴う剛性の変化の程度を表わす数値y2が1.5以上であり、曲げによる塑性変形が容易に起こり易くなっている。
実際に、反発性測定において実施例1~8は「小さな荷重での曲げ易さ」と「塑性変形のし易さ」の評価において合格となっている。
また、実施例1~6及び8は数式3で示される剛性を示す数値y3が600以上、1000未満であり、剛性が強すぎず、製造・加工ラインでのハンドリングが容易である。
後者の場合には、未処理銅箔段階での剛性を示す数値y3が1000以上であっても、300℃×1時間熱処理後の剛性を示す数値y1が1000未満であればハンドリングが容易となる。例えば、実施例7は剛性を示す数値y3が1000以上であるが、製造・加工ラインを通す前に300℃×1時間熱処理を施せば数値y1は1000未満であるので効果的に使用することができる。
また、配線板によっては加熱条件が300℃未満の場合もある。このような場合には、実施例6のように300℃×1時間熱処理後の数値y1が600未満となって剛性が小さくなり過ぎる懸念のある銅箔でも加熱条件によっては600以上となるので有効に使用することができる。
実際に、反発性測定において比較例3,4,7は「小さな荷重での曲げ易さ」で不合格となっており、比較例1~8は「塑性変形のし易さ」の評価において不合格となっている。
また、比較例1,2及び5,6は剛性を示す数値y3が1000以上となっているので、剛性が強過ぎて、製造・加工ラインで箔切れが発生し易いためハンドリングが難しくなる。
また、実施例6は表面粗さは3.0μm未満であるが、300℃×1時間熱処理後の常温で測定した粒径2μm未満の結晶粒個数は5,000個未満となっているので、フィルム貼付工程等において掛かる加熱処理が300℃程度では好ましく使用できない。しかしながら、低反発性としては優れていることから、加熱処理が300℃を大きく下回る製品に対しては好適に使用することができる。
また、実施例8は300℃×1時間熱処理後の常温で測定した粒径2μm未満の結晶粒個数は実施例2と同等であるが、表面粗さが両面共に3.0μm以上であり凹凸が大きいので、ファインパターン性が劣っている。しかしながら、低反発性としては優れていることから、ファインな回路を必要としない配線板には有効に採用することができる。
また、比較例5は表面粗さは3.0μm未満であるが、300℃×1時間熱処理後の常温で測定した粒径2μm未満の結晶粒個数は5,000個未満となっており、結晶粒組織が過度に粗大であるので、ファインパターン性に悪影響が出ている。
さらに、比較例6は表面粗さが3.0μm以上であり凹凸が大きく、且つ300℃×1時間熱処理後の常温で測定した粒径2μm未満の結晶粒個数も5,000個未満となっており、結晶粒組織が過度に粗大にもなっているので、ファインパターン性が非常に悪くなっている。
また、本発明の電解銅箔はファインパターン性に優れるため、フレキシブル性を要求しない配線板にも適用できることは勿論である。
また、本発明の電解銅箔を防錆処理等の表面処理を施した後、そのままフィルム基材と積層すれば表面平滑性に優れているので、高周波用フレキシブル配線板としても好適に使用することができる。また、片方の面にアンカー効果による密着性の改善を目的とした粗化処理層を設けることもできる。なお、粗化処理は目的の性能を達成できるなら必須の処理ではない。
また、表面平滑性と「小さな荷重での曲げ易さ」と「塑性変形のし易さ」を両立しているという特異な特性により、配線板のみならず各種材料用銅箔としても提供可能である。
2:カソード
3:電解液
4:未処理電解銅箔
5:銅箔
6:電子天秤
7:押し潰し距離
Claims (6)
- 電解銅箔であって、300℃×1時間熱処理後に常温で測定した0.2%歪の応力X1(MPa)に基づく数式1で示される剛性を示す数値y1が800未満であり、且つ前記応力X1(MPa)と0.4%歪の応力X2(MPa)に基づく数式2で示される曲げに伴う剛性の変化の程度を表わす数値y2が1.5以上となる電解銅箔。
〔数式1〕
y1=(X1/0.2)
〔数式2〕
y2=(X1/0.2)/(X2/0.4) - 熱処理前の0.2%歪の応力X3(MPa)に基づく数式3で示される剛性を示す数値y3が600以上、且つ1000未満である請求項1に記載の電解銅箔。
〔数式3〕
600≦y3=(X3/0.2)<1000 - 300℃×1時間熱処理後、常温で観察した300μm四方における粒径2μm未満の結晶粒個数が5,000個以上である請求項1または2に記載の電解銅箔。
- M面の表面粗さRzが3.0μm未満、且つS面の表面粗さRzが3.0μm未満である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の電解銅箔。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の電解銅箔を用いて製造される配線板。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の電解銅箔を用いて製造されるフレキシブル配線板。
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| JP2014519329A JP5607862B1 (ja) | 2012-12-27 | 2013-12-26 | 低反発性電解銅箔、該電解銅箔を使用した配線板及びフレキシブル配線板 |
| KR20147034142A KR20150039711A (ko) | 2012-12-27 | 2013-12-26 | 저반발성 전해 동박, 상기 전해 동박을 사용한 배선판 및 플렉시블 배선판 |
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| JP2018031072A (ja) * | 2016-08-23 | 2018-03-01 | エル エス エムトロン リミテッドLS Mtron Ltd. | 電解銅箔、それを含む電極、それを含む二次電池およびその製造方法 |
| JP2020109213A (ja) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-16 | 福田金属箔粉工業株式会社 | プリント配線板用電解銅箔及び該電解銅箔を用いた銅張積層板 |
| JPWO2021153256A1 (ja) * | 2020-01-30 | 2021-08-05 | ||
| US12344953B2 (en) | 2020-01-30 | 2025-07-01 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. | Electrolytic copper foil |
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| CN107208293B (zh) * | 2015-09-05 | 2019-03-01 | 株式会社Uacj | 电解铝箔的制造方法 |
| JP7045840B2 (ja) * | 2017-12-08 | 2022-04-01 | 日鉄工材株式会社 | 金属箔製造装置及び電極板取付体 |
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| JPWO2021153256A1 (ja) * | 2020-01-30 | 2021-08-05 | ||
| WO2021153256A1 (ja) * | 2020-01-30 | 2021-08-05 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 電解銅箔 |
| US12168838B2 (en) | 2020-01-30 | 2024-12-17 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. | Electrolytic copper foil |
| TWI869533B (zh) * | 2020-01-30 | 2025-01-11 | 日商三井金屬鑛業股份有限公司 | 電解銅箔 |
| JP7656554B2 (ja) | 2020-01-30 | 2025-04-03 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 電解銅箔 |
| US12344953B2 (en) | 2020-01-30 | 2025-07-01 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. | Electrolytic copper foil |
| JP2020109213A (ja) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-16 | 福田金属箔粉工業株式会社 | プリント配線板用電解銅箔及び該電解銅箔を用いた銅張積層板 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW201439379A (zh) | 2014-10-16 |
| KR20150039711A (ko) | 2015-04-13 |
| TWI498457B (zh) | 2015-09-01 |
| JP5607862B1 (ja) | 2014-10-15 |
| JPWO2014104233A1 (ja) | 2017-01-19 |
| CN104321469A (zh) | 2015-01-28 |
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