WO2014097440A1 - 空気調和装置 - Google Patents
空気調和装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014097440A1 WO2014097440A1 PCT/JP2012/083026 JP2012083026W WO2014097440A1 WO 2014097440 A1 WO2014097440 A1 WO 2014097440A1 JP 2012083026 W JP2012083026 W JP 2012083026W WO 2014097440 A1 WO2014097440 A1 WO 2014097440A1
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- Prior art keywords
- heat medium
- heat
- refrigerant
- heat exchanger
- control device
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/06—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units
- F24F3/065—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units with a plurality of evaporators or condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
- F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/004—Outdoor unit with water as a heat sink or heat source
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/023—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units
- F25B2313/0231—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units with simultaneous cooling and heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
- F25B2313/0272—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using bridge circuits of one-way valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
- F25B2313/02743—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using three four-way valves
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an air conditioner applied to, for example, a building multi air conditioner.
- an air conditioner such as a multi air conditioner for buildings
- a cooling operation or a heating operation is performed by circulating a refrigerant between an outdoor unit disposed outside and an indoor unit disposed indoors. It has become.
- the air-conditioning target space is cooled or heated by air heated by heat released from the refrigerant or air cooled by heat absorbed by the refrigerant.
- a refrigerant used in such an air conditioner for example, an HFC (hydrofluorocarbon) refrigerant is often used.
- a natural refrigerant such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) has been proposed.
- air conditioners with other configurations represented by chiller systems.
- cold or warm heat is generated in an outdoor unit disposed outside, and a heat medium such as water or antifreeze is heated or cooled by a heat exchanger disposed in the outdoor unit.
- the heat medium is transferred to a fan coil unit, a panel heater or the like, which is an indoor unit arranged in the air-conditioning target area, and cooling or heating is executed (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- an outdoor unit called an exhaust heat recovery chiller that connects four water pipes between an outdoor unit and an indoor unit, supplies cooled and heated water simultaneously, and can freely select cooling or heating in the indoor unit.
- an outdoor unit called an exhaust heat recovery chiller that connects four water pipes between an outdoor unit and an indoor unit, supplies cooled and heated water simultaneously, and can freely select cooling or heating in the indoor unit.
- a heat exchanger see, for example, Patent Document 2.
- an air conditioner configured to connect an outdoor unit and a branch unit having a heat exchanger with two pipes and to convey a heat medium to the indoor unit (for example, a patent) Reference 4).
- the outdoor unit and the relay unit are connected by two refrigerant pipes, and the relay unit and the indoor unit are connected by two pipes each carrying a heat medium such as water, and the relay unit transfers heat from the refrigerant to the heat medium.
- a heat medium such as water
- the relay unit transfers heat from the refrigerant to the heat medium.
- an air conditioner that achieves simultaneous cooling and heating (see, for example, Patent Document 5).
- Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-140444 page 4, FIG. 1, etc.
- JP-A-5-280818 (4th, 5th page, FIG. 1 etc.)
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-289465 pages 5 to 8, FIG. 1, FIG. 2, etc.
- JP 2003-343936 A (Page 5, FIG. 1)
- WO2010 / 049998 (6th page, FIG. 1)
- the refrigerant is conveyed by two refrigerant pipes from the outdoor unit to the relay unit, and the two heat medium pipes are respectively provided from the relay unit to the indoor unit.
- the heat medium is transported and simultaneous operation of cooling and heating is possible.
- the repeater is installed in the building, so that there is a possibility of ignition in the building depending on the installation position of the repeater.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and provides an air conditioner with good workability. Moreover, the safe air conditioning apparatus which can carry out cooling and heating simultaneous operation with two piping, without drawing in refrigerant
- the air conditioner according to the present invention is embedded in a building connected to the interior of the building and the interior of the building and the exterior of the building inside the building and installed in a position capable of air conditioning in the air conditioning target space.
- a space such as a dent, or a relay device that is located outside the building and close to the building and can be installed in a non-air-conditioned space that is separate from the air-conditioned space.
- the indoor unit is connected by a first heat medium pipe through which a first heat medium such as water or brine flows, and the relay unit is a compressor, a refrigerant that changes phase during operation or becomes supercritical.
- a refrigerant circulation circuit configured by connecting heat exchangers between heat mediums with refrigerant pipes is accommodated and cooled.
- the first heat medium and the heated first heat medium can be generated simultaneously, and the cooled first heat medium and the heated first heat medium are distributed to a plurality of indoor units.
- the second heat medium circulates between the outside of the building and the relay machine, and exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the second heat medium in the second heat medium heat exchanger.
- an air conditioner with good workability and safety that can be operated simultaneously with cooling and heating with two heat medium pipes without drawing refrigerant pipes from outside into the building.
- the air conditioner of the present invention can be operated simultaneously with cooling and heating with two heat medium pipes without drawing refrigerant pipes from the outside into the building, the outdoor unit being outdoors or in the machine room, and the repeater being inside the building. It can be installed in a non-air-conditioned space, a space such as a dent that penetrates into the building connected to the outside of the building, or a location outside the building and close to the building. Since the amount of the refrigerant is not so large, even if the refrigerant leaks from the relay when using the flammable refrigerant, the concentration until ignition is not increased, and the refrigerant can be used safely.
- movement of the air conditioning apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention Schematic which shows another example of installation of the air conditioning apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- movement of the air conditioning apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention The circuit diagram which shows the flow of the refrigerant
- FIG. Embodiment 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an installation example of an air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Based on FIG. 1, the installation example of an air conditioning apparatus is demonstrated.
- the air conditioner includes a heat medium circuit (second heat medium circuit B) that circulates a second heat medium, a refrigerant circuit (first refrigerant circuit C) that circulates a first refrigerant, and a first
- first heat medium circuit D By using the heat medium circuit for circulating the heat medium, each indoor unit can freely select the cooling mode or the heating mode as the operation mode.
- the size relationship of each component may be different from the actual one.
- the levels of temperature, pressure, etc. described below are not particularly determined in relation to absolute values, but are relatively determined in terms of the state and operation of the system, device, etc. To do.
- the air conditioner according to the present embodiment includes an outdoor unit 1 that is an outdoor unit, a plurality of indoor units 2, and a relay that is interposed between the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 2.
- Machine 3. The outdoor unit 1 serving as the heat absorbing / dissipating unit radiates or absorbs heat in the outdoor space to cool or heat the second heat medium.
- the relay 3 cools or heats the first heat medium by releasing or absorbing heat to the second heat medium by the action of the first refrigerant.
- the first heat medium is delivered to the indoor unit 2 to cover the air conditioning load.
- the outdoor unit 1 and the relay unit 3 are connected by a heat medium pipe 5a through which the second heat medium flows.
- the relay unit 3 and the indoor unit 2 are connected by a heat medium pipe 5b through which the first heat medium flows.
- the cold or warm heat generated by the relay unit 3 is absorbed or radiated by the outdoor unit 1 via the second heat medium and delivered to the indoor unit 2 via the first heat medium.
- the first refrigerant of the present embodiment undergoes a two-phase change during operation or becomes a supercritical state, and the first heat medium and the second heat medium are water, antifreeze liquid, or the like. is there.
- the outdoor unit 1 is usually arranged in an outdoor space 6 that is a space outside the building 9 such as a building (for example, a rooftop) or a space that is connected to the outdoor space 6 inside the building 9 and is a relay device.
- the heat or heat generated in step 3 is absorbed or radiated through the second heat medium.
- the indoor unit 2 is disposed at a position where cooling air or heating air can be supplied to the indoor space 7 that is a space (for example, a living room) inside the building 9, and the cooling air is supplied to the indoor space 7 that is an air-conditioning target space. Alternatively, heating air is supplied.
- the repeater 3 is a separate housing from the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 2, and is a non-air-conditioning target space 8 (hereinafter simply referred to as a space 8) in the building 9, which is a separate position from the outdoor space 6 and indoor space 7.
- the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 2 are connected to each other by a heat medium pipe 5a and a heat medium pipe 5b, respectively, and transmit generated cold heat or heat to the indoor unit 2. is there.
- the repeater 3 can be installed at a position distant from the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 2, and is configured with a single casing as long as it is located between the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 2. Alternatively, it may be composed of a plurality of housings.
- the casings may be connected by two, three, or four refrigerant pipes through which the first refrigerant flows. You may connect by 2 or 3 or 4 heat carrier piping with which a heat carrier flows.
- the housings may be installed at close positions or at separate positions.
- the outdoor unit 1 and the relay unit 3 use two heat medium pipes 5a, and the relay unit 3 and each indoor unit 2 are 2 units.
- the heat medium pipes 5b are connected to each other.
- each unit (the outdoor unit 1, the indoor unit 2, and the relay unit 3) is connected using two pipes (the heat medium pipe 5a and the heat medium pipe 5b). Construction can be made easily.
- the repeater 3 is installed in a space 8 such as a ceiling.
- the repeater 3 can also be installed in a common space where there is an elevator or the like.
- the indoor unit 2 is a ceiling cassette type
- the main body is behind the ceiling, and the air outlet is exposed to the indoor space 7.
- the present invention is not limited to this. Even if the main body is installed in the indoor space 7 such as a wall-hanging type, air can be blown into the indoor space 7 by a duct or the like, such as a ceiling-embedded type or a ceiling-suspended type. As long as the air for heating or the air for cooling is blown into the indoor space 7 to cover the air conditioning load of the indoor space 7, any type of air may be used.
- the outdoor unit 1 may be installed in the outdoor space 6 as an example, it is not limited to this.
- the outdoor unit 1 may be installed in an enclosed space such as a machine room with a ventilation opening. If the exhaust heat can be exhausted outside the building 9 by an exhaust duct, the outdoor unit 1 may be installed inside the building 9. It may be installed or may be installed inside the building 9 using the water-cooled outdoor unit 1.
- relay unit 3 and the outdoor unit 1 can be installed at positions separated from each other, they can be installed in the vicinity.
- the number of connected outdoor units 1, indoor units 2, and repeaters 3 is not limited to the number illustrated in FIG. 1, but according to the building 9 in which the air conditioner according to the present embodiment is installed. What is necessary is just to determine the number.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of the air-conditioning apparatus (hereinafter referred to as air-conditioning apparatus 100) according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Based on FIG. 2, the detailed structure of the air conditioning apparatus 100 is demonstrated.
- the outdoor unit 1 and the relay unit 3 include an outdoor heat exchanger 12 provided in the outdoor unit 1 and a second heat medium heat exchanger 13 provided in the relay unit 3. Through the heat medium pipe 5a.
- the relay unit 3 and the indoor unit 2 are also connected by a heat medium pipe 5b via a first heat medium heat exchanger 15a and a first heat medium heat exchanger 15b.
- the outdoor unit 1 includes an outdoor heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between the pump 21c for circulating the second heat medium flowing through the heat medium pipe 5a, the second heat medium, and the air (outside air) in the outdoor space 6. 12 are provided.
- the pump 21c is provided in the heat medium pipe 5a which is an outlet flow path of the outdoor heat exchanger 12, and may be configured by a capacity-controllable pump, for example.
- the outdoor unit 1 is provided with an outdoor heat exchanger temperature detection device 32a and an outdoor heat exchanger temperature detection device 32b. Information (temperature information) detected by these detection devices is sent to the control device 50 provided corresponding to the outdoor unit 1 and the number of rotations of the blower that blows air to the outdoor heat exchanger 12 (not shown), This is used for controlling the drive frequency of the pump 21c.
- the outdoor heat exchanger temperature detection device 32a and the outdoor heat exchanger temperature detection device 32b detect the temperature of the second heat medium flowing into and out of the outdoor heat exchanger 12, for example, with a thermistor or the like. Configure.
- the outdoor heat exchanger temperature detection device 32b is provided in the heat medium pipe 5a between the outdoor heat exchanger 12 and the pump 21c. In addition, you may provide the outdoor side heat exchanger temperature detection apparatus 32b in the flow path after the pump 21c.
- control apparatus 50 is comprised, for example with the microcomputer etc., for example based on the detection information in various detection apparatuses, and the instruction
- the heat medium pipe 5 a through which the second heat medium flows is connected to the inlet and outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 12.
- the heat medium pipe 5a connected to the inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 12 is connected to the relay unit 3, and the heat medium pipe 5a connected to the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 12 is connected to the pump 21c. Via the relay 3.
- Each indoor unit 2 is equipped with a use side heat exchanger 26.
- the use side heat exchanger 26 is connected to the first heat medium flow control device 25 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23 of the relay unit 3 through the heat medium pipe 5b.
- This use side heat exchanger 26 performs heat exchange between air supplied from a blower (not shown) and a heat medium, and generates heating air or cooling air to be supplied to the indoor space 7. is there.
- FIG. 2 shows an example in which four indoor units 2 are connected to the relay unit 3, and are illustrated as an indoor unit 2a, an indoor unit 2b, an indoor unit 2c, and an indoor unit 2d from the bottom of the page.
- the use side heat exchanger 26 also uses the use side heat exchanger 26a, the use side heat exchanger 26b, the use side heat exchanger 26c, and the use side heat exchange from the lower side of the drawing. It is shown as a container 26d.
- the number of connected indoor units 2 is not limited to four as shown in FIG.
- the relay 3 includes a compressor 10, a first refrigerant flow switching device 27 such as a four-way valve, a second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13, a first expansion device 16a, and a first first The expansion device 16b, the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a, the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b, the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b are refrigerants.
- the first refrigerant is circulated through the refrigerant pipe 4 to form a first refrigerant circuit.
- the relay machine 3 includes a first heat exchanger 15a and a first heat exchanger 15b, a first expansion device 16a and a first expansion device 16b, two opening / closing devices 17, Two second refrigerant flow switching devices 18, a pump 21a and a pump 21b, four first heat medium flow switching devices 22, four second heat medium flow switching devices 23, and 4
- the first heat medium flow control device 25 is mounted and constitutes a first heat medium circulation circuit D.
- the relay unit 3 is provided with a refrigerant pipe 4b, a refrigerant pipe 4c, a check valve 24a, a check valve 24b, a check valve 24c, and a check valve 24d.
- the compressor 10 sucks the first refrigerant, compresses the first refrigerant and discharges it in a high temperature / high pressure state, and may be constituted by, for example, an inverter compressor capable of capacity control.
- the first refrigerant flow switching device 27 is constituted by, for example, a four-way valve or the like, and operates the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 as a condenser to heat the first refrigerant to the second heat medium. Between the cooling operation for dissipating heat and the heating operation for operating the second heat exchanger 13 as an evaporator to absorb heat from the second heat medium to the first refrigerant.
- the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 includes a condenser (including a device that radiates heat to the first refrigerant even if condensation does not occur. The same applies hereinafter) or an evaporator (the first refrigerant even if evaporation does not occur). It also functions as a device that absorbs heat (the same applies hereinafter), and transmits the cold or warm heat of the first refrigerant to the second heat medium.
- the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 is provided between the first refrigerant flow switching device 27 and the check valve 24a in the first refrigerant circulation circuit C, and cools the second heat medium. Or it uses for a heating.
- the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 functions as a condenser or an evaporator, and cools the first refrigerant. Alternatively, the heat is transmitted to the first heat medium.
- the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a is provided between the first expansion device 16a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a in the first refrigerant circulation circuit C, and is in the cooling / heating mixed operation mode. Sometimes it is used for cooling the heat medium.
- the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is provided between the first expansion device 16b and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b in the first refrigerant circulation circuit C, and is combined with the cooling and heating operation. It is used for heating of the heat medium in the mode.
- the two first throttling devices 16 have functions as pressure reducing valves and expansion valves, and expand the first refrigerant by reducing the pressure.
- the first expansion device 16a is provided on the upstream side of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a when the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a operates as an evaporator.
- the first expansion device 16b is provided on the upstream side of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b when the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b operates as an evaporator.
- the two first throttle devices 16a and 16b may be constituted by devices whose opening degree can be variably controlled, such as an electronic expansion valve.
- the two opening / closing devices 17 are composed of a two-way valve, an electromagnetic valve, an electronic expansion valve, and the like, and open / close the refrigerant pipe 4.
- the opening / closing device 17a is provided in a flow path connecting the outlet side of the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 and the inlet side of the first expansion device 16 during the cooling operation.
- the switchgear 17b includes an inlet-side channel of the first expansion device 16 and an outlet-side channel of the second refrigerant channel switching device 18 when the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 is used as an evaporator. Is provided at a position to connect.
- the two second refrigerant flow switching devices 18 switch the refrigerant flow according to the operation mode.
- the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a is provided on the downstream side of the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a when the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a operates as an evaporator.
- the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b is provided on the downstream side of the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b when the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a operates as an evaporator.
- the second refrigerant flow switching device 18 (second refrigerant flow switching device 18a, second refrigerant flow switching device 18b) is configured by, for example, a four-way valve, a two-way valve, an electromagnetic valve, or the like.
- FIG. 2 shows a case where a four-way valve is used.
- Two pumps (first heat medium delivery devices) 21 (pump 21a, pump 21b) circulate the first heat medium flowing through the heat medium pipe 5b.
- the pump 21 a is provided in the heat medium pipe 5 b between the first heat medium heat exchanger 15 a and the second heat medium flow switching device 23.
- the pump 21 b is provided in the heat medium pipe 5 b between the first heat medium heat exchanger 15 b and the second heat medium flow switching device 23.
- the pump 21a and the pump 21b may be configured by, for example, a pump whose capacity can be controlled.
- the four first heat medium flow switching devices 22 are configured by three-way valves or the like.
- the road is switched.
- the number of first heat medium flow switching devices 22 is set according to the number of indoor units 2 installed (here, four).
- one of the three sides is in the first heat medium heat exchanger 15a
- one of the three directions is in the first heat medium heat exchanger 15b
- One of them is connected to the first heat medium flow control device 25, and is provided on the outlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use side heat exchanger 26.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 22a, the first heat medium flow switching device 22b, the first heat medium flow switching device 22c, the first It is illustrated as a heat medium flow switching device 22d.
- the four second heat medium flow switching devices 23 are configured by three-way valves or the like. The road is switched. The number of second heat medium flow switching devices 23 is set according to the number of indoor units 2 installed (four in this case). In the second heat medium flow switching device 23, one of the three sides is in the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a, one of the three is in the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b, One of them is connected to the use side heat exchanger 26 and provided on the inlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use side heat exchanger 26.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23 do not have to be provided separately, and the first heat medium flowing to the use-side heat exchanger 26 is not necessary.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23 may be integrally formed as long as the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23 are switched.
- the four first heat medium flow control devices 25 are configured by two-way valves or the like that can control the opening area (opening). The flow rate flowing through the heat medium pipe 5b is controlled.
- the number of first heat medium flow control devices 25 is set according to the number of indoor units 2 installed (here, four). One of the first heat medium flow control devices 25 is connected to the use-side heat exchanger 26 and the other is connected to the first heat-medium flow switching device 22. It is provided on the exit side. In correspondence with the indoor unit 2, the first heat medium flow control device 25 a, the first heat medium flow control device 25 b, the first heat medium flow control device 25 c, and the first heat medium flow rate from the lower side of the drawing.
- the first heat medium flow control device 25 may be provided on the inlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use side heat exchanger 26. Further, the first heat medium flow control device 25 does not need to be provided separately from the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23, and the heat medium pipe 5b.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 22 or the second heat medium flow switching device 23 may be integrated with the first heat medium flow switching device 23 as long as the flow rate of the first heat medium flowing through the first heat medium flow can be adjusted.
- the path switching device 22, the second heat medium flow switching device 23, and the first heat medium flow control device 25 may be integrally formed.
- the second heat medium flow switching device 28 is configured by a two-way valve or the like whose opening degree can be adjusted, and adjusts the flow rate of the second heat medium flowing through the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13. Is.
- the second heat medium flow switching device 28 is an inlet flow path of the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 and is provided in the heat medium pipe 5a through which the second heat medium flows.
- the second heat medium flow switching device 28 may be provided in the outlet flow path of the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13.
- the temperature difference between the detected temperature of the intermediate heat exchanger temperature detector 33b and the detected temperature of the intermediate heat exchanger temperature detector 33a is constant. Adjust the opening.
- the relay unit 3 includes various detection devices (two heat exchanger heat exchanger outlet temperature detectors 31a to 31b, two heat exchanger heat exchanger temperature detectors 33a to 33b, and four use side heat exchangers. Outlet temperature detection devices 34a to 34d, six heat exchangers for heat exchanger refrigerant temperature detection devices 35a to 35d, a low pressure refrigerant pressure detection device 37, and a high pressure refrigerant pressure detection device 38) are provided.
- Information (temperature information, pressure information) detected by these detection devices is sent to a control device 60 provided corresponding to the relay unit 3, and the driving frequency of the compressor 10 and the first refrigerant flow switching Switching of the device 27, opening degree of the first expansion device 16, opening / closing of the on-off valve 17, switching of the second refrigerant flow switching device 18, driving frequency of the pump 21, switching of the first heat medium flow switching device 22 It is used for control of switching, switching of the second heat medium flow switching device 23, opening of the first heat medium flow control device 25, opening of the second heat medium flow control device 28, and the like. .
- the two intermediate heat exchanger outlet temperature detection devices 31 are the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a.
- the temperature of the first heat medium flowing out from the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is detected, and for example, a thermistor may be used.
- the intermediate heat exchanger outlet temperature detection device 31a is provided in the heat medium pipe 5b on the inlet side of the pump 21a.
- the heat exchanger related to heat medium outlet temperature detection device 31b is provided in the heat medium pipe 5b on the inlet side of the pump 21b.
- the four usage-side heat exchanger outlet temperature detection devices 34 include the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the first heat medium flow switching device 22.
- the temperature of the first heat medium flowing out from the use side heat exchanger 26 is detected between the heat medium flow rate adjusting device 25 and a thermistor or the like.
- the number of usage-side heat exchanger outlet temperature detection devices 34 (four here) according to the number of indoor units 2 installed is provided.
- the use side heat exchanger outlet temperature detection device 34 may be provided in a flow path between the first heat medium flow control device 25 and the use side heat exchanger 26.
- the four heat medium heat exchanger refrigerant temperature detection devices 35 are connected to the first heat medium heat exchanger 15.
- the temperature of the first refrigerant flowing into the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 or the temperature of the first refrigerant flowing out of the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 is provided on the inlet side or the outlet side of the refrigerant.
- the temperature is detected, and it may be constituted by a thermistor or the like.
- the heat exchanger related to heat medium refrigerant temperature detection device 35a is provided between the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a.
- the heat exchanger related to heat medium refrigerant temperature detecting device 35b is provided between the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the first expansion device 16a.
- the heat exchanger related to heat medium refrigerant temperature detector 35c is provided between the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b.
- the heat exchanger related to heat medium refrigerant temperature detecting device 35d is provided between the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the first expansion device 16b.
- the heat exchanger related to heat medium temperature detection device 33 a is provided in the inlet flow path of the heat medium of the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13, and the second heat flowing into the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13. It detects the temperature of the medium.
- the heat exchanger related to heat medium temperature detection device 33 b is provided in the outlet flow path of the heat medium of the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13, and the second heat flowing out from the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13. It detects the temperature of the medium.
- the heat exchanger related to heat medium temperature detection device 33a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium temperature detection device 33b may be composed of a thermistor or the like.
- the low-pressure refrigerant pressure detection device 37 is provided in the suction flow path of the compressor 10 and detects the pressure of the first refrigerant sucked into the compressor 10.
- the high-pressure refrigerant pressure detection device 38 is provided in the discharge flow path of the compressor 10 and detects the pressure of the first refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10.
- control device 60 is constituted by, for example, a microcomputer or the like, and based on detection information from various detection devices and instructions from a remote controller, the drive frequency of the compressor 10 and the first refrigerant flow switching device 27. Switching, pump 21a and pump 21b driving frequency, first throttle device 16a and first throttle device 16b opening, switching device 17 opening and closing, second refrigerant flow switching device 18 switching, first Switching of the heat medium flow switching device 22, switching of the second heat medium flow switching device 23, opening of the first heat medium flow control device 25, opening of the second heat medium flow control device 28 Etc., and each operation mode described later is executed.
- the heat medium pipe 5a through which the second heat medium flows is connected to an inlet and an outlet of the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13.
- the heat medium pipe 5 a connected to the outlet of the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 is connected to the outdoor unit 1, and the heat connected to the inlet of the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13.
- the medium pipe 5 a is connected to the outdoor unit 1 via the second heat medium flow control device 28.
- the heat medium pipe 5b through which the first heat medium flows is composed of one connected to the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and one connected to the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b. ing.
- the heat medium pipe 5b is branched (here, four branches each) according to the number of indoor units 2 connected to the relay unit 3.
- the heat medium pipe 5 b is connected by the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23.
- the heat medium from the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26. Or whether the heat medium from the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26 is determined.
- the compressor 10 In the air conditioner 100, the compressor 10, the first refrigerant flow switching device 27, the refrigerant flow path of the second heat exchanger 13, the switching device 17, the first expansion device 16, and the first heat
- the refrigerant flow path of the inter-medium heat exchanger 15 and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18 are connected by the refrigerant pipe 4 to constitute the first refrigerant circulation circuit C in the relay unit 3.
- the heat source side heat exchanger 12, the pump 21c, the second heat medium flow control device 28, and the second heat medium heat exchanger 13 are connected by the heat medium pipe 5a, and relayed with the outdoor unit 1.
- the second heat medium circulation circuit B that circulates between the heat exchanger 3 and the heat medium flow path of the first heat medium heat exchanger 15, the pump 21a and the pump 21b, and the first heat medium flow path switching.
- the relay device 3 and the indoor unit 2 are connected by connecting the device 22, the first heat medium flow control device 25, the use-side heat exchanger 26, and the second heat medium flow switching device 23 with the heat medium pipe 5b.
- the 1st heat-medium circulation circuit D which circulates between these is comprised.
- a plurality of use side heat exchangers 26 are connected in parallel to each of the first heat exchangers 15 between heat mediums, and the first heat medium circulation circuit D is a plurality of systems.
- the outdoor unit 1 and the relay unit 3 are connected via the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 provided in the relay unit 3, and the relay unit 3 and the indoor unit 2 Are connected via the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 12 exchanges heat between the second heat medium circulating in the second heat medium circuit B of the outdoor unit 1 and the air in the outdoor space 6.
- the first refrigerant circulating in the first refrigerant circuit C of the relay 3 and the second heat medium conveyed from the outdoor unit 1 exchange heat. It has become.
- the first heat medium and the second heat medium both flow into and out of the relay unit 3, but the flow paths are separated from each other, and the first heat medium and the second heat medium are separated from each other. There is no mixing.
- the air conditioner 100 can perform a cooling operation or a heating operation in the indoor unit 2 based on an instruction from each indoor unit 2. That is, the air conditioning apparatus 100 can perform the same operation for all the indoor units 2 and can perform different operations for each of the indoor units 2.
- the operation mode executed by the air conditioner 100 includes a cooling only operation mode in which all the driven indoor units 2 execute a cooling operation, and a heating only operation in which all the driven indoor units 2 execute a heating operation.
- each operation mode is demonstrated with the flow of a refrigerant
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram illustrating the flow of the refrigerant and the heat medium when the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is in the cooling only operation mode.
- the cooling only operation mode will be described by taking as an example a case where a cooling load is generated only in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the piping represented by the thick line has shown the piping through which a refrigerant
- the flow direction of the refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow
- the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a broken line arrow.
- the pump 21c is driven to circulate the second heat medium.
- the first refrigerant flow switching device 27 is switched so that the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13, and the pump 21 a and the pump 21 b are driven.
- the first heat medium flow control device 25a and the first heat medium flow control device 25b are opened, the first heat medium flow control device 25c and the first heat medium flow control device 25d are fully closed,
- the heat medium circulates between each of the one heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 12 radiates the heat of the second heat medium to the outdoor space 6, and the cooled second heat medium is caused to flow in the heat medium pipe 5a by the pump 21c.
- the second heat medium that has been pressurized and discharged by the pump 21 c flows out of the outdoor unit 1, flows out to the relay unit 3 through the heat medium pipe 5 a, and passes through the second heat medium flow control device 28. And flows into the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13.
- the cold heat of the second heat medium After the cold heat of the second heat medium is transmitted to the first refrigerant by the second heat exchanger 13 between heat medium, it flows out from the relay unit 3 and flows into the outdoor unit 1 through the heat medium pipe 5a. Then, it flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 12 again.
- the heat medium flow control device 28 detects the temperature of the second heat medium on the outlet side of the second heat exchanger 13 between the heat exchangers detected by the heat exchanger temperature detector 33b, and between the heat carriers.
- the opening degree is controlled so that the temperature difference from the temperature of the second heat medium on the inlet side of the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 detected by the heat exchanger temperature detector 33a becomes a target value.
- the rotational speed of the pump 21c is controlled so that the controlled opening degree of the heat medium flow control device 28 is as close to the fully open opening degree as possible.
- the opening degree of the heat medium flow control device 28 is considerably small with respect to the full opening, the rotation speed of the pump 21c is controlled to be small, and the opening degree of the heat medium flow control device 28 is fully opened. Control is performed so that the same second heat medium flow rate is obtained even at a close opening.
- the target opening degree of the heat medium flow control device 28 may be a large opening degree such as 90% or 85% of the opening area in the fully opened state, even if it is not fully opened.
- the control device 60 that controls the opening degree of the heat medium flow control device 28 is installed in or near the relay 3 and controls the rotation speed of the pump 21c.
- control device 50 is installed in or near the outdoor unit 1, for example, the outdoor unit 1 (control device 50) is installed on the roof of a building, and the repeater 3 (control device 60) is installed on a predetermined floor in the building. It is installed on the back of the ceiling, etc., and is installed at a position away from each other. Therefore, the control device 60 of the relay unit 3 and the control device 50 of the outdoor unit 1 transmit and receive the opening degree of the heat medium flow control device 28 as a signal through a wired or wireless communication line connecting both control devices. Then, the cooperation control as described above is performed.
- the control device 50 of the outdoor unit 1 also controls a blower attached to the outdoor heat exchanger 12 (not shown).
- the first low-temperature / low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature / high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 acting as a condenser via the first refrigerant flow switching device 27. And it heats to the 2nd heat medium with the 2nd heat exchanger 13 between heat mediums, it is condensed and liquefied, and becomes a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the flow path is configured such that the flow direction of the second heat medium and the flow direction of the first refrigerant are opposed to each other.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 passes through the check valve 24a, passes through the opening / closing device 17a, and then branches off, so that the first expansion device 16a and the first expansion device 16b. Is expanded into a low-temperature, low-pressure two-phase refrigerant.
- the two-phase refrigerant flows into each of the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b acting as an evaporator, and circulates through the first heat medium circulation circuit D.
- a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant is obtained while cooling the first heat medium.
- the flow direction of the first refrigerant and the flow direction of the first heat medium are parallel flows.
- the flow path is configured.
- the gas refrigerant flowing out of the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b passes through the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b. Then, the refrigerant is sucked again into the compressor 10 through the check valve 24d and the first refrigerant flow switching device 27.
- the first expansion device 16a is obtained as a difference between the temperature detected by the intermediate heat exchanger refrigerant temperature detection device 35a and the temperature detected by the intermediate heat exchanger refrigerant temperature detection device 35b.
- the opening degree is controlled so that the superheat (degree of superheat) is constant.
- the first expansion device 16b is obtained as a difference between the temperature detected by the intermediate heat exchanger refrigerant temperature detection device 35c and the temperature detected by the intermediate heat exchanger refrigerant temperature detection device 35d.
- the opening degree is controlled so that the superheat is constant.
- the opening / closing device 17a is open and the opening / closing device 17b is closed.
- the compressor 10 is controlled so that the pressure (low pressure) of the first refrigerant detected by the low pressure refrigerant pressure detection device 37 becomes a target pressure, for example, a saturation pressure of 0 ° C. Further, the frequency of the compressor 10 is controlled so that the detected temperature of the intermediate heat exchanger outlet temperature detector 31a and / or the detected temperature of the intermediate heat exchanger outlet temperature detector 31b approaches the target temperature. Also good.
- the flow of the first heat medium in the first heat medium circuit D will be described.
- all of the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b transmit the cold heat of the first refrigerant to the first heat medium and cool it down.
- One heat medium is caused to flow in the pipe 5b by the pump 21a and the pump 21b.
- the first heat medium pressurized and discharged by the pump 21a and the pump 21b passes through the second heat medium flow switching device 23a and the second heat medium flow switching device 23b, and the use side heat exchanger 26a. And flows into the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the first heat medium absorbs heat from the indoor air in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b, thereby cooling the indoor space 7.
- the first heat medium flows out of the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b and flows into the first heat medium flow control device 25a and the first heat medium flow control device 25b.
- the first heat medium flow control device 25a and the first heat medium flow control device 25b act to cause the flow rate of the first heat medium to be a flow rate required to cover the air conditioning load required indoors. It is controlled and flows into the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the heat medium flowing out from the first heat medium flow control device 25a and the first heat medium flow control device 25b passes through the first heat medium flow switching device 22a and the first heat medium flow switching device 22b. Then, it flows into the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b, and is sucked into the pump 21a and the pump 21b again.
- the second heat medium flow switching device 23 is connected to the first heat medium flow switching device 22 via the first heat medium flow control device 25.
- the first heat medium flows in the direction.
- the air conditioning load required in the indoor space 7 is a temperature detected by the heat exchanger related to heat exchanger outlet temperature detection device 31a or a temperature detected by the heat exchanger related to heat exchanger outlet temperature detection device 31b. Can be covered by controlling the difference between the temperature detected by the use side heat exchanger outlet temperature detection device 34 to be the target value.
- the outlet temperature of the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 either the temperature of the heat exchanger related to heat exchanger outlet temperature detection device 31a or the temperature of the heat exchanger related to heat exchanger outlet temperature detector 31b may be used, These average temperatures may be used.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23 are connected to all of the first heat medium heat exchanger 15a and the first heat medium heat exchanger 15b. The flow path is secured and the opening is controlled so that the flow rate according to the heat exchange amount flows.
- the flow path is closed by the first heat medium flow control device 25.
- the heat medium is prevented from flowing to the use side heat exchanger 26.
- a heat medium is flowing because there is a heat load in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b, but in the use side heat exchanger 26c and the use side heat exchanger 26d, the heat load is passed.
- the corresponding first heat medium flow control device 25c and first heat medium flow control device 25d are fully closed.
- the first heat medium flow control device 25c or the first heat medium flow control device 25d is opened, What is necessary is just to circulate a heat medium.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating the flow of the refrigerant and the heat medium when the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is in the heating only operation mode.
- the heating only operation mode will be described by taking as an example a case where a thermal load is generated only in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- pipes represented by thick lines indicate pipes through which the refrigerant and the heat medium flow.
- the flow direction of the refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow
- the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a broken line arrow.
- the pump 21c is driven to circulate the second heat medium.
- the first refrigerant flow switching device 27 is switched so that the refrigerant flowing out from the second heat exchanger 13 is sucked into the compressor 10, and the pump 21a and the pump 21b are driven.
- the first heat medium flow control device 25a and the first heat medium flow control device 25b are opened, the first heat medium flow control device 25c and the first heat medium flow control device 25d are fully closed,
- the heat medium circulates between each of the one heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 12 absorbs heat from the air in the outdoor space to the second heat medium, and the heated second heat medium is caused to flow in the heat medium pipe 5a by the pump 21c.
- the second heat medium that has been pressurized and discharged by the pump 21 c flows out of the outdoor unit 1, flows out to the relay unit 3 through the heat medium pipe 5 a, and passes through the second heat medium flow control device 28. And flows into the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13.
- the heat of the second heat medium After the heat of the second heat medium is transmitted to the second refrigerant by the second heat exchanger 13 between heat medium, it flows out from the relay unit 3 and flows into the outdoor unit 1 through the heat medium pipe 5a. Then, it flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 12 again.
- the heat medium flow control device 28 detects the temperature of the second heat medium on the inlet side of the second heat medium heat exchanger 13 detected by the heat medium heat exchanger temperature detection device 33a and the heat medium temperature.
- the opening degree is controlled so that the temperature difference with the temperature of the second heat medium on the outlet side of the second heat exchanger 13 between the heat medium detected by the heat exchanger temperature detector 33b becomes a target value.
- the rotational speed of the pump 21c is controlled so that the controlled opening degree of the heat medium flow control device 28 is as close to the fully open opening degree as possible.
- the opening degree of the heat medium flow control device 28 is considerably small with respect to the full opening, the rotation speed of the pump 21c is controlled to be small, and the opening degree of the heat medium flow control device 28 is fully opened. Control is performed so that the same second heat medium flow rate is obtained even at a close opening.
- the target opening degree of the heat medium flow control device 28 may be a large opening degree such as 90% or 85% of the full opening, even if it is not fully open.
- the control device 60 that controls the opening degree of the heat medium flow control device 28 is installed in or near the relay 3 and controls the rotation speed of the pump 21c.
- control device 50 is installed in or near the outdoor unit 1, for example, the outdoor unit 1 (control device 50) is installed on the roof of a building, and the repeater 3 (control device 60) is installed on a predetermined floor in the building. It is installed on the back of the ceiling, etc., and is installed at a position away from each other. Therefore, the control device 60 of the relay unit 3 and the control device 50 of the outdoor unit 1 transmit and receive the opening degree of the heat medium flow control device 28 as a signal through a wired or wireless communication line connecting both control devices. Then, the cooperation control as described above is performed.
- the control device 50 of the outdoor unit 1 also controls a blower attached to the outdoor heat exchanger 12 (not shown).
- the first low-temperature / low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature / high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 passes through the check valve 24b and the refrigerant pipe 4b via the first refrigerant flow switching device 27 and is branched to be switched to the second refrigerant flow switching. It flows into the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b that act as a condenser through the device 18a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant flowing into the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b radiates heat to the first heat medium circulating in the first heat medium circulation circuit D. While condensing and liquefying, it becomes a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the flow direction of the first refrigerant and the flow direction of the first heat medium are opposite to each other.
- the flow path is configured.
- the liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is expanded by the first expander 16a and the first expander 16b, and is cooled at a low temperature.
- -It becomes a low-pressure two-phase refrigerant, passes through the switching device 17b, passes through the check valve 24c and the refrigerant pipe 4c, and flows into the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 acting as an evaporator.
- the refrigerant flowing into the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 absorbs heat from the second heat medium flowing through the second heat medium circuit B, and becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant. It is sucked again into the compressor 10 via the flow path switching device 27.
- the flow path is configured so that the flow direction of the first refrigerant and the flow direction of the second heat medium are parallel flows.
- the first expansion device 16a is detected by the saturation temperature calculated from the pressure (high pressure) of the first refrigerant detected by the high-pressure refrigerant pressure detector 38 and the heat exchanger related to heat exchanger refrigerant temperature detector 35b.
- the degree of opening is controlled so that the subcool (degree of supercooling) obtained as a difference from the measured temperature becomes constant.
- the first expansion device 16b is detected by the saturation temperature calculated from the pressure (high pressure) of the first refrigerant detected by the high-pressure refrigerant pressure detection device 38 and the heat exchanger related to heat exchanger refrigerant temperature detection device 35d.
- the degree of opening is controlled so that the subcool (degree of supercooling) obtained as a difference from the measured temperature becomes constant.
- the opening / closing device 17a is closed and the opening / closing device 17b is open.
- the temperature at the intermediate position may be used instead of the high-pressure refrigerant pressure detection device 38, and the system can be configured at low cost. .
- the compressor 10 is controlled so that the pressure (high pressure) of the first refrigerant detected by the high-pressure refrigerant pressure detection device 38 becomes a target pressure, for example, a saturation pressure of 49 ° C. Further, the frequency of the compressor 10 is controlled so that the detected temperature of the intermediate heat exchanger outlet temperature detector 31a and / or the detected temperature of the intermediate heat exchanger outlet temperature detector 31b approaches the target temperature. Also good.
- the heat of the refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium in both the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b, and the heated heat medium is supplied to the pump 21a and the pump.
- the inside of the pipe 5b is made to flow by 21b.
- the first heat medium pressurized and discharged by the pump 21a and the pump 21b passes through the second heat medium flow switching device 23a and the second heat medium flow switching device 23b, and the use side heat exchanger 26a. And flows into the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the heat medium radiates heat to the indoor air in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b, thereby heating the indoor space 7.
- the first heat medium flows out of the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b and flows into the first heat medium flow control device 25a and the first heat medium flow control device 25b.
- the first heat medium flow control device 25a and the first heat medium flow control device 25b act to cause the flow rate of the first heat medium to be a flow rate required to cover the air conditioning load required indoors. It is controlled and flows into the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the first heat medium flowing out from the first heat medium flow control device 25a and the first heat medium flow control device 25b is the first heat medium flow switching device 22a and the first heat medium flow switching device 22b. Then, it flows into the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b, and is sucked into the pump 21a and the pump 21b again.
- the second heat medium flow switching device 23 is connected to the first heat medium flow switching device 22 via the first heat medium flow control device 25.
- the heat medium is flowing in the direction.
- the air conditioning load required in the indoor space 7 is a temperature detected by the heat exchanger related to heat exchanger outlet temperature detection device 31a or a temperature detected by the heat exchanger related to heat exchanger outlet temperature detection device 31b. Can be covered by controlling the difference between the temperature detected by the use side heat exchanger outlet temperature detection device 34 to be the target value.
- the outlet temperature of the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 either the temperature of the heat exchanger related to heat exchanger outlet temperature detection device 31a or the temperature of the heat exchanger related to heat exchanger outlet temperature detector 31b may be used, These average temperatures may be used.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23 ensure the flow paths in all of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b, The opening is controlled such that a flow rate according to the heat exchange amount flows.
- the use-side heat exchanger 26a should be controlled by the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet, but the heat medium temperature on the inlet side of the use-side heat exchanger 26 is the heat exchanger outlet temperature.
- the temperature is almost the same as the temperature detected by the detection device 31a or the heat exchanger related to heat exchanger outlet temperature detection device 31b, and the heat exchanger outlet temperature detection device 31a and / or the heat exchanger related to heat exchanger outlet temperature is detected.
- the device 31b the number of temperature sensors can be reduced, and the system can be configured at low cost.
- the first heat medium flow control device 25 closes the flow path.
- the heat medium is prevented from flowing to the use side heat exchanger 26.
- a heat medium is flowing because there is a heat load in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b, but in the use side heat exchanger 26c and the use side heat exchanger 26d, the heat load is passed.
- the corresponding first heat medium flow control device 25c and first heat medium flow control device 25d are fully closed.
- the first heat medium flow control device 25c or the first heat medium flow control device 25d is opened, What is necessary is just to circulate a heat medium.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram illustrating the flow of the refrigerant and the heat medium when the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is in the cooling main operation mode.
- the cooling main operation mode will be described by taking as an example a case where a cooling load is generated in the use side heat exchanger 26a and a heating load is generated in the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the pipes represented by the thick lines indicate the pipes through which the refrigerant and the heat medium circulate.
- the flow direction of the refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow
- the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a broken line arrow.
- the pump 21c is driven to circulate the second heat medium.
- the first refrigerant flow switching device 27 is switched so that the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13, and the pump 21 a and the pump 21 b are driven.
- the first heat medium flow control device 25a and the first heat medium flow control device 25b are opened, the first heat medium flow control device 25c and the first heat medium flow control device 25d are fully closed,
- the heat medium is circulated between the one heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the use-side heat exchanger 26a, and between the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the use-side heat exchanger 26b. I have to.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 12 radiates the heat of the second heat medium to the outdoor space, and the cooled second heat medium is caused to flow in the heat medium pipe 5a by the pump 21c.
- the second heat medium that has been pressurized and discharged by the pump 21 c flows out of the outdoor unit 1, flows out to the relay unit 3 through the heat medium pipe 5 a, and passes through the second heat medium flow control device 28. And flows into the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13.
- the cold heat of the second heat medium After the cold heat of the second heat medium is transmitted to the first refrigerant by the second heat exchanger 13 between heat medium, it flows out from the relay unit 3 and flows into the outdoor unit 1 through the heat medium pipe 5a. Then, it flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 12 again.
- the heat medium flow control device 28 controls the opening degree so that the high-pressure side pressure in the first refrigerant circulation circuit C described later approaches the target pressure, and flows through the second heat exchanger related to heat medium.
- the flow rate of the second heat medium is controlled.
- the rotational speed of the pump 21c is controlled so that the controlled opening degree of the heat medium flow control device 28 is as close to the fully open opening degree as possible. That is, when the opening degree of the heat medium flow control device 28 is considerably small with respect to the full opening, the rotation speed of the pump 21c is controlled to be small, and the opening degree of the heat medium flow control device 28 is fully opened. Control is performed so that the same second heat medium flow rate is obtained even at a close opening.
- the target opening degree of the heat medium flow control device 28 may be a large opening degree such as 90% or 85% of the full opening, even if it is not fully open.
- the control device 60 that controls the opening degree of the heat medium flow control device 28 is installed in or near the relay 3 and controls the rotation speed of the pump 21c. 50 is installed in or near the outdoor unit 1, for example, the outdoor unit 1 (control device 50) is installed on the roof of a building, and the repeater 3 (control device 60) is installed on a predetermined floor in the building. It is installed on the back of the ceiling, etc., and is installed at a position away from each other.
- control device 60 of the relay unit 3 and the control device 50 of the outdoor unit 1 transmit and receive the opening degree of the heat medium flow control device 28 as a signal through a wired or wireless communication line connecting both control devices. Then, the cooperation control as described above is performed.
- the control device 50 of the outdoor unit 1 also controls a blower attached to the outdoor heat exchanger 12 (not shown).
- the first low-temperature / low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature / high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 acting as the first condenser via the first refrigerant flow switching device 27.
- the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 condenses while radiating heat to the second heat medium, and becomes a high-pressure two-phase refrigerant.
- the flow path is configured such that the flow direction of the second heat medium and the flow direction of the first refrigerant are opposed to each other.
- the high-pressure two-phase refrigerant flowing out of the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 passes through the check valve 24a, passes through the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b, and acts as a second condenser.
- the high-pressure two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b condenses and liquefies while radiating heat to the first heat medium circulating in the first heat medium circulation circuit D, and becomes a liquid refrigerant.
- the flow path is configured so that the flow direction of the first refrigerant and the flow direction of the first heat medium are opposed to each other.
- the liquid refrigerant flowing out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is expanded by the first expansion device 16b to become a low-pressure two-phase refrigerant, and then acts as an evaporator via the first expansion device 16a. It flows into the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a.
- the low pressure two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a absorbs heat from the first heat medium circulating in the first heat medium circulation circuit D, thereby cooling the first heat medium. It becomes a low-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the flow path is configured so that the flow direction of the first refrigerant and the flow direction of the first heat medium are parallel flows.
- the gas refrigerant flowing out from the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a passes through the check valve 24d via the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a and passes through the first refrigerant flow switching device 27. Then, it is sucked into the compressor 10 again.
- the first expansion device 16b is obtained as a difference between the temperature detected by the intermediate heat exchanger refrigerant temperature detection device 35a and the temperature detected by the intermediate heat exchanger refrigerant temperature detection device 35b.
- the opening degree is controlled so that the superheat (degree of superheat) is constant.
- the first expansion device 16a is fully open, the opening / closing device 17a is closed, and the opening / closing device 17b is closed.
- the first expansion device 16b is obtained as a difference between a value obtained by converting the pressure detected by the high pressure detection device 38 into a saturation temperature and a temperature detected by the heat exchanger related to heat exchanger refrigerant temperature detection device 35d.
- the opening degree may be controlled so that the subcool (supercooling degree) is constant.
- the first expansion device 16b may be fully opened, and superheat or subcooling may be controlled by the first expansion device 16a.
- the frequency of the compressor 10 and the opening degree of the second heat medium flow control device 28 are detected by the first refrigerant pressure (low pressure) detected by the low pressure refrigerant pressure detection device 37 and the high pressure refrigerant pressure detection device 38.
- the pressure (high pressure) of the first refrigerant is controlled so as to become the target pressure.
- the control target value is, for example, a saturation pressure of 49 ° C. on the high pressure side and a saturation pressure of 0 ° C. on the low pressure side.
- the opening degree of 28 When the opening degree of 28 is controlled, the flow rate of the second heat medium flowing through the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 changes. Thus, the amount of heat exchange between the refrigerant and the heat medium in the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a, the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b, and the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 is changed. Thus, both the high pressure side pressure and the low pressure side pressure can be controlled to target values.
- the frequency of the compressor 10 and the second heat medium are set so that the detected temperature of the intermediate heat exchanger outlet temperature detector 31a and the detected temperature of the intermediate heat exchanger outlet temperature detector 31b approach the target temperature. You may make it control the opening degree of the flow volume adjustment apparatus 28. FIG.
- the flow of the first heat medium in the first heat medium circuit D will be described.
- the heat of the first refrigerant is transmitted to the first heat medium in the first heat exchanger 15b, and the heated first heat medium flows in the pipe 5b by the pump 21b. Will be allowed to.
- the cold heat of the first refrigerant is transmitted to the first heat medium in the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a, and the cooled first heat medium is transferred into the pipe 5b by the pump 21a. Will be allowed to flow.
- the first heat medium pressurized and discharged by the pump 21a and the pump 21b passes through the second heat medium flow switching device 23a and the second heat medium flow switching device 23b, and the use side heat exchanger 26a. And flows into the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the first heat medium radiates heat to the indoor air, thereby heating the indoor space 7. Further, in the use side heat exchanger 26a, the indoor space 7 is cooled by the first heat medium absorbing heat from the room air. At this time, the flow rate of the heat medium is controlled to the flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required indoors by the action of the first heat medium flow rate adjusting device 25a and the first heat medium flow rate adjusting device 25b. It flows into the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the heat medium that has passed through the use-side heat exchanger 26b and has slightly decreased in temperature passes through the first heat medium flow control device 25b and the first heat medium flow switching device 22b, and performs heat exchange between the first heat medium. It flows into the container 15b and is sucked into the pump 21b again.
- the heat medium whose temperature has slightly increased after passing through the use side heat exchanger 26a passes through the first heat medium flow control device 25a and the first heat medium flow switching device 22a, and performs heat exchange between the first heat medium. It flows into the container 15a and is sucked into the pump 21a again.
- the warm heat medium and the cold heat medium have a heat load and a heat load, respectively, without being mixed by the action of the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23. It is introduced into the use side heat exchanger 26.
- the first heat medium from the second heat medium flow switching device 23 via the first heat medium flow control device 25 on both the heating side and the cooling side.
- a heat medium flows in the direction to the flow path switching device 22.
- the air conditioning load required in the indoor space 7 is detected on the heating side by the temperature detected by the intermediate heat exchanger outlet temperature detection device 31b and the use side heat exchanger outlet temperature detection device 34.
- the difference between the temperature and the temperature detected by the use side heat exchanger outlet temperature detection device 34 and the temperature detected by the intermediate heat exchanger outlet temperature detection device 31a are kept at the target value. By controlling in this way, it can be covered.
- the flow path is closed by the first heat medium flow control device 25.
- the heat medium is prevented from flowing to the use side heat exchanger 26.
- a heat medium flows because there is a heat load in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b, but in the use side heat exchanger 26c and the use side heat exchanger 26d, the heat load is passed.
- the corresponding first heat medium flow control device 25c and first heat medium flow control device 25d are fully closed.
- the first heat medium flow control device 25c or the first heat medium flow control device 25d is opened, What is necessary is just to circulate a heat medium.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing the flow of the refrigerant and the heat medium when the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is in the heating main operation mode.
- the heating main operation mode will be described by taking as an example a case where a thermal load is generated in the use side heat exchanger 26a and a cold load is generated in the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the piping represented with the thick line has shown the piping through which a refrigerant
- the flow direction of the refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow
- the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a broken line arrow.
- the pump 21c is driven to circulate the second heat medium.
- the first refrigerant flow switching device 27 is switched so that the refrigerant flowing out from the second heat exchanger 13 is sucked into the compressor 10, and the pump 21a and the pump 21b are driven.
- the first heat medium flow control device 25a and the first heat medium flow control device 25b are opened, the first heat medium flow control device 25c and the first heat medium flow control device 25d are fully closed,
- the heat medium circulates between each of the one heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 12 absorbs heat from the air in the outdoor space to the second heat medium, and the heated second heat medium is caused to flow in the heat medium pipe 5a by the pump 21c.
- the second heat medium that has been pressurized and discharged by the pump 21 c flows out of the outdoor unit 1, flows out to the relay unit 3 through the heat medium pipe 5 a, and passes through the second heat medium flow control device 28. And flows into the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13.
- the heat of the second heat medium After the heat of the second heat medium is transmitted to the second refrigerant by the second heat exchanger 13 between heat medium, it flows out from the relay unit 3 and flows into the outdoor unit 1 through the heat medium pipe 5a. Then, it flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 12 again.
- the heat medium flow control device 28 controls the opening degree so that the low-pressure side pressure in the first refrigerant circulation circuit C described later approaches the target pressure, and flows through the second heat exchanger related to heat medium.
- the flow rate of the second heat medium is controlled.
- the rotational speed of the pump 21c is controlled so that the controlled opening degree of the heat medium flow control device 28 is as close to the fully open opening degree as possible. That is, when the opening degree of the heat medium flow control device 28 is considerably small with respect to the full opening, the rotation speed of the pump 21c is controlled to be small, and the opening degree of the heat medium flow control device 28 is fully opened. Control is performed so that the same second heat medium flow rate is obtained even at a close opening.
- the target opening degree of the heat medium flow control device 28 may be a large opening degree such as 90% or 85% of the full opening, even if it is not fully open.
- the control device 60 that controls the opening degree of the heat medium flow control device 28 is installed in or near the relay 3 and controls the rotation speed of the pump 21c. 50 is installed in or near the outdoor unit 1, for example, the outdoor unit 1 (control device 50) is installed on the roof of a building, and the repeater 3 (control device 60) is installed on a predetermined floor in the building. It is installed on the back of the ceiling, etc., and is installed at a position away from each other.
- control device 60 of the relay unit 3 and the control device 50 of the outdoor unit 1 transmit and receive the opening degree of the heat medium flow control device 28 as a signal through a wired or wireless communication line connecting both control devices. Then, the cooperation control as described above is performed.
- the control device 50 of the outdoor unit 1 also controls a blower attached to the outdoor heat exchanger 12 (not shown).
- the first low-temperature / low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature / high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 passes through the first refrigerant flow switching device 27, passes through the check valve 24b and the refrigerant pipe 4b, and passes through the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b. And flows into the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b acting as a condenser.
- the gas refrigerant that has flowed into the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is condensed and liquefied while dissipating heat to the first heat medium circulating in the first heat medium circulation circuit D, and becomes a liquid refrigerant.
- the flow path is configured so that the flow direction of the first refrigerant and the flow direction of the first heat medium are opposed to each other.
- the liquid refrigerant flowing out from the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is expanded by the first expansion device 16b to become a low-pressure two-phase refrigerant, and acts as an evaporator via the first expansion device 16a. It flows into the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a.
- the low-pressure two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a evaporates by absorbing heat from the heat medium circulating in the first heat medium circulation circuit D, thereby cooling the first heat medium.
- the flow path is configured so that the flow direction of the first refrigerant and the flow direction of the first heat medium are parallel flows.
- the low-pressure two-phase refrigerant that has flowed out of the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a passes through the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a, passes through the check valve 24c, and acts as an evaporator. It flows into the heat exchanger 13 between heat media. Then, the refrigerant flowing into the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 absorbs heat from the second heat medium circulating in the second heat medium circuit B, and becomes a low-temperature / low-pressure gas refrigerant. The refrigerant is sucked again into the compressor 10 through the refrigerant flow switching device 27.
- the first expansion device 16b has a difference between the value detected by the high-pressure refrigerant pressure detection device 38 converted to the saturation temperature and the temperature detected by the heat exchanger related to heat exchanger refrigerant temperature detection device 35d.
- the opening degree is controlled so that the obtained subcool (supercooling degree) is constant.
- the first expansion device 16a is fully open, the opening / closing device 17a is closed, and the opening / closing device 17b is closed.
- the first expansion device 16b may be fully opened, and the subcooling may be controlled by the first expansion device 16a.
- the frequency of the compressor 10 and the opening degree of the second heat medium flow control device 28 are detected by the first refrigerant pressure (low pressure) detected by the low pressure refrigerant pressure detection device 37 and the high pressure refrigerant pressure detection device 38.
- the pressure (high pressure) of the first refrigerant is controlled so as to become the target pressure.
- the control target value is, for example, a saturation pressure of 49 ° C. on the high pressure side and a saturation pressure of 0 ° C. on the low pressure side.
- the opening degree of 28 When the opening degree of 28 is controlled, the flow rate of the second heat medium flowing through the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 changes. Thus, the amount of heat exchange between the refrigerant and the heat medium in the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a, the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b, and the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 is changed. Thus, both the high pressure side pressure and the low pressure side pressure can be controlled to target values.
- the frequency of the compressor 10 and the second heat medium are set so that the detected temperature of the intermediate heat exchanger outlet temperature detector 31a and the detected temperature of the intermediate heat exchanger outlet temperature detector 31b approach the target temperature. You may make it control the opening degree of the flow volume adjustment apparatus 28. FIG.
- the heat of the first refrigerant is transmitted to the first heat medium in the first heat exchanger 15b, and the heated first heat medium flows in the pipe 5b by the pump 21b. Will be allowed to.
- the cold heat of the first refrigerant is transmitted to the first heat medium in the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a, and the cooled first heat medium is transferred into the pipe 5b by the pump 21a. Will be allowed to flow.
- the first heat medium pressurized and discharged by the pump 21a and the pump 21b passes through the second heat medium flow switching device 23a and the second heat medium flow switching device 23b, and the use side heat exchanger 26a. And flows into the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the first heat medium absorbs heat from the indoor air, thereby cooling the indoor space 7. Further, in the use side heat exchanger 26a, the first heat medium radiates heat to the indoor air, thereby heating the indoor space 7. At this time, the flow rate of the heat medium is controlled to the flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required indoors by the action of the first heat medium flow rate adjusting device 25a and the first heat medium flow rate adjusting device 25b. It flows into the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the first heat medium whose temperature has slightly increased after passing through the use side heat exchanger 26b passes through the first heat medium flow control device 25b and the first heat medium flow switching device 22b, and passes through the first heat medium.
- the first heat medium whose temperature has slightly decreased after passing through the use side heat exchanger 26a passes through the first heat medium flow control device 25a and the first heat medium flow switching device 22a, and passes through the first heat medium. It flows into the intermediate heat exchanger 15b and is sucked into the pump 21b again.
- the warm heat medium and the cold heat medium have a heat load and a heat load, respectively, without being mixed by the action of the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23. It is introduced into the use side heat exchanger 26.
- the first heat medium from the second heat medium flow switching device 23 via the first heat medium flow control device 25 on both the heating side and the cooling side.
- a heat medium flows in the direction to the flow path switching device 22.
- the air conditioning load required in the indoor space 7 is detected on the heating side by the temperature detected by the intermediate heat exchanger outlet temperature detection device 31b and the use side heat exchanger outlet temperature detection device 34.
- the difference between the temperature and the temperature detected by the use side heat exchanger outlet temperature detection device 34 and the temperature detected by the intermediate heat exchanger outlet temperature detection device 31a are kept at the target value. By controlling in this way, it can be covered.
- the heating main operation mode When the heating main operation mode is executed, it is not necessary to flow the heat medium to the use side heat exchanger 26 (including the thermo-off) without the heat load, so the flow path is closed by the first heat medium flow control device 25. The heat medium is prevented from flowing to the use side heat exchanger 26.
- FIG. 6 since there is a heat load in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b, a heat medium is flowing, but in the use side heat exchanger 26c and the use side heat exchanger 26d, the heat load The corresponding first heat medium flow control device 25c and first heat medium flow control device 25d are fully closed.
- the first heat medium flow control device 25c or the first heat medium flow control device 25d is opened, What is necessary is just to circulate a heat medium.
- the air conditioner 100 has several operation modes.
- the second heat medium such as water or antifreeze liquid flows through the heat medium pipe 5 a that connects the outdoor unit 1 and the relay unit 3.
- a first heat medium such as water or antifreeze liquid flows through the heat medium pipe 5b connecting the relay unit 3 and the indoor unit 2. Yes.
- the first heat medium and the second heat medium do not cross each other, and the same type of heat medium may be used, or different types of heat medium may be used.
- control device 50 of the outdoor unit 1 makes the temperature difference between the detection temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger temperature detection device 32b and the detection temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger temperature detection device 32a close to the target value, or the outdoor heat.
- the detected temperature of the exchanger temperature detecting device 32b or the detected temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger temperature detecting device 32a is brought close to the target temperature, or the detected temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger temperature detecting device 32b or the outdoor heat exchanger temperature detecting device.
- the control device 50 of the outdoor unit 1 and the control device of the relay 3 can be controlled in conjunction with each other without performing communication in the operation mode with 60.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing an installation example of the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- a plurality of relay machines 3 branch the heat medium pipe 5a connecting the outdoor unit 1 and the relay machine 3 as shown in FIG. 7, and connect the relay machine 3a and the relay machine 3b to each. Connect the indoor unit 2.
- FIG. 7 although the case where there are two repeaters 3 is shown as an example, the present invention is not limited to this, and any number can be connected.
- a plurality of outdoor units 1 are installed, the heat medium 2 flowing out from each outdoor unit 1 is joined, the heat medium pipe 5a is circulated, and one or a plurality of relay units 3 are connected.
- the system may be configured to flow in.
- the relay machine 3 has been described in the case where all the parts are accommodated in one casing, but the relay machine 3 may be divided into a plurality of casings.
- the right portions of the pump 21 a and the pump 21 b are accommodated in separate housings, and four pipes through which the first heat medium flows are provided between the two housings of the relay machine 3. You may make it connect. In this case, you may install the housing
- the first heat medium flow switching device 22, the second heat medium flow switching device 23, and the first heat medium flow control device 25 are separate.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and any device can be used as long as the heat medium flow path switching and the heat medium flow rate adjustment can be performed, and the first heat medium flow path switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow path switching device 23 All of the first heat medium flow control devices 25 may be integrated, or the first heat medium flow switching device 22, the second heat medium flow switching device 23, and the first heat medium flow rate. Any two of the adjusting devices 25 may be integrated.
- the opening degree of the second heat medium flow control device 28 is adjusted to adjust the flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13, and the second heat medium flow control device.
- the rotation speed of the pump 21c is changed so that the opening degree of the valve 28 is almost fully opened has been described, the rotation speed of the pump 21c can be changed even if the second heat medium flow control device 28 is not provided.
- the flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 may be adjusted by directly changing the heat medium.
- the signal transmitted and received between the control device 50 and the control device 60 is not the opening degree of the second heat medium flow control device 28 but the detected temperature of the heat exchanger related to heat exchanger temperature detection device 33a, Alternatively, the detected temperature of the intermediate heat exchanger temperature detection device 33b, or the temperature difference between the detected temperature of the intermediate heat exchanger temperature detection device 33b and the detected temperature of the intermediate heat exchanger temperature detection device 33a. Any one or more signals may be transmitted and received.
- the corresponding first heat medium flow switching device 22 and second heat medium flow switching device. 23 is set to an intermediate opening so that the heat medium flows through both the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b.
- both the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b can be used for the heating operation or the cooling operation, so that the heat transfer area is increased and the efficiency is improved. Heating operation or cooling operation can be performed.
- the first heat medium flow path switching corresponding to the use side heat exchanger 26 performing the heating operation is performed.
- the device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23 are switched to a flow channel connected to the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b for heating, and correspond to the use-side heat exchanger 26 performing the cooling operation.
- Each indoor unit is switched by switching the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23 to the flow passage connected to the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a for cooling. 2, the heating operation and the cooling operation can be performed freely.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23 described here can switch a three-way flow path such as a three-way valve, or a two-way flow path such as an on-off valve. What is necessary is just to switch a flow path, such as combining two things which open and close.
- the first heat can be obtained by combining two things that can change the flow rate of the three-way flow path such as a stepping motor drive type mixing valve and two things that can change the flow rate of the two-way flow path such as an electronic expansion valve.
- the medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23 may be used. In this case, it is possible to prevent water hammer due to sudden opening and closing of the flow path.
- the first heat medium flow control device 25 is a two-way valve has been described as an example, but with a bypass pipe that bypasses the use-side heat exchanger 26 as a control valve having a three-way flow path. You may make it install.
- first heat medium flow control device 25 and the second heat medium flow control device 28 may be those that can control the flow rate flowing through the flow path by a stepping motor drive type. May be closed. Further, as the first heat medium flow control device 25, a device that opens and closes a two-way flow path such as an open / close valve may be used, and the average flow rate may be controlled by repeating ON / OFF.
- the second refrigerant flow switching device 18 is shown as a four-way valve, the present invention is not limited to this, and a plurality of two-way flow switching valves and a plurality of three-way flow switching valves are used. You may comprise so that a refrigerant may flow through.
- the first heat medium flow control valve 25 is built in the relay unit 3
- the first heat medium flow control valve 25 is not limited to this, and may be built in the indoor unit 2. And the indoor unit 2 may be configured separately.
- the relay unit 3 is mainly installed in a building. Therefore, the refrigerant of the first refrigerant used in the first refrigerant circulation circuit C of the relay unit 3 is in the building. It exists in the space (non-air-conditioning object space 8) where the repeater 3 is installed. Therefore, as the first refrigerant, non-flammable refrigerants such as R-22, HFO-134a, R-410A, R-404A, R-407C can be used safely.
- refrigerants classified into slightly flammable refrigerants such as HFO-1234yf, HFO-1234ze (E), R32 (ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Energy 2) It is possible to use classified refrigerants (of refrigerants classified as A2 (weakly flammable) with a combustion speed of 10 cm / s or less), and even in high-pressure supercritical conditions such as CO 2 Or a highly flammable refrigerant of propane (R290) or other refrigerants can be used.
- slightly flammable refrigerants such as HFO-1234yf, HFO-1234ze (E), R32 (ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Energy 2)
- the ordinary two-phase change refrigerant is condensed and liquefied to form a supercritical state such as CO 2.
- the refrigerant that becomes is cooled in a supercritical state, but in either case, the other moves in the same way and has the same effect.
- the upper limit of the amount of refrigerant sealed in the refrigerant circuit is determined by the volume of the space (room) in which the air conditioner is installed.
- the refrigerant concentration in the space exceeds the LFL (lower combustion limit)
- ignition occurs.
- LFL lower combustion limit
- the amount of refrigerant enclosed in the equipment when using refrigerants classified as slightly flammable refrigerants (A2L refrigerants) such as R32, HFO-1234yf, HFO-1234ze (E), etc., the amount of refrigerant enclosed in the equipment.
- A2L refrigerants such as R32, HFO-1234yf, HFO-1234ze (E), etc.
- LFL ⁇ 4 ⁇ 1.5 or less the volume of the space in which the device is installed is not specified, and it is determined that the device may be installed in any size space.
- the LFL of R-32 is 0.306 (kg / m 3 )
- the LFL of HFO-1234yf is 0.289 (kg / m 3 ). Is 1.836 (kg), and in the case of HFO-1234yf is 1.734 (kg).
- the relay device 3 is the only device that encloses the refrigerant in the building. Therefore, the refrigerant circulator circuit C of the repeater 3 is filled with a refrigerant amount of 1.8 (kg) or less in the case of R-32 and 1.7 (kg) or less in the case of HFO-1234yf. Good. Further, in the case of a mixed refrigerant of R-32 and HFO-1234yf, it is preferable to enclose a refrigerant amount that is equal to or less than the limit refrigerant amount calculated by the mixing ratio.
- the compressor 10 mounted on the relay unit 3 has an enclosed refrigerant amount of 1.8 (kg) or less when the refrigerant to be used is R-32 and 1.7 (kg) or less when the refrigerant is HFO-1234yf.
- a compressor with a sufficient capacity (cooling capacity) When the building's air conditioning load is greater than the capacity (cooling heat quantity or heating heat quantity) that can be demonstrated by the repeater 3, a plurality of repeaters 3 are connected to one outdoor unit 1 as shown in FIG. You just have to do it.
- GWP Global Warming Potential
- GWP of propane (R-290) which is a highly flammable refrigerant (A3 in ISO and ASHRAE category) is 6 and HFO which is a slightly flammable refrigerant (A2L in ASHRAE category) that is very flammable
- R-290 propane
- HFO slightly flammable refrigerant
- E HFO-1234ze
- the relay 3 in which the refrigerant is sealed is installed in a non-air-conditioning target space in the building, and the first refrigerant used in the first refrigerant circulation circuit C of the relay 3 is as follows: Using a refrigerant that is a slightly flammable refrigerant and has a low GWP (such as GWP of 50 or less), such as HFO-1234yf or HFO-1234ze (E), is safe and has little impact on global warming. An air conditioner can be obtained.
- GWP such as GWP of 50 or less
- the LFL of propane is 0.038 (kg / m 3).
- the amount of the refrigerant sealed in the first refrigerant circulation circuit C is set to 0.152 (kg) or less, which is a value obtained by multiplying this by 4, the equipment installation restrictions are eliminated, and the apparatus can be used safely. Can do.
- the first heat medium and the second heat medium may be of the same type or different types, such as brine (antifreeze), water, a mixture of brine and water, water and A mixture of additives having a high anticorrosion effect can be used. Therefore, in the air conditioner 100, even if the first heat medium leaks into the indoor space 7 through the indoor unit 2, a highly safe heat medium is used, which contributes to an improvement in safety. Will do. In addition, since the heat medium is circulated between the outdoor unit 1 and the relay unit 3 instead of the refrigerant, the amount of refrigerant in the entire system can be reduced, and the first refrigerant is a flammable refrigerant. Even if you use, you can use it safely.
- brine antifreeze
- water a mixture of brine and water
- water and A mixture of additives having a high anticorrosion effect can be used. Therefore, in the air conditioner 100, even if the first heat medium leaks into the indoor space 7 through the indoor unit 2, a highly safe heat medium is used,
- the high pressure and low pressure of the first refrigerant circulation circuit C fluctuate, so that the operation as an air conditioner becomes somewhat unstable as compared with the case where the outdoor unit 1 is used. Even in this case, the air in the air-conditioning target space can be cooled and heated using the first refrigerant circulation circuit C and the first heat medium circulation circuit D.
- the outdoor space 6 has a cooling tower as the heat absorbing / dissipating unit, the second heat medium is circulated between the relay unit 3 and the cooling tower to radiate or absorb heat of the second heat medium. You may make it carry out in a cooling tower.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 12 and the use side heat exchangers 26a to 26d are equipped with a blower, and in many cases, heat transfer between the heat medium and the air is promoted by blowing air.
- a blower for example, as the use side heat exchangers 26a to 26d, a panel heater using radiation can be used, and as the outdoor heat exchanger 12, heat is transferred by water or antifreeze.
- a water-cooled type can be used, and any structure that can dissipate or absorb heat can be used.
- the accumulator is not provided on the suction side of the compressor 10, but the accumulator may be provided.
- first heat medium heat exchangers 15a and two first heat medium heat exchangers 15b have been described as an example, but of course, the present invention is not limited to this. Any number of installations may be provided as long as they can be cooled or / and heated.
- the number of pumps 21a, 21b, and 21c is not limited to one, and a plurality of small-capacity pumps may be arranged in parallel.
- FIG. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the configuration of the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the circuit configuration of the first refrigerant circulation circuit C in the repeater 3 is slightly different from that in FIG.
- a first refrigerant flow switching device 27a and a first refrigerant flow switching device 27b are installed.
- the discharge side pipe of the compressor 10 is branched into a pipe connected to the second refrigerant flow switching device 18 and a pipe connected to the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13, and the refrigerant circuit on the left side of the figure and the right side of the figure are shown.
- the refrigerant circuit is connected by three pipes.
- the first refrigerant flow switching device 27a and the first refrigerant flow switching device 27b use an open / close valve that switches between opening and closing of an electromagnetic valve, a two-way valve, etc., as long as the flow can be opened and closed.
- the first refrigerant flow switching device 27a and the first refrigerant flow switching device 27b may be configured integrally so that the flow switching can be performed simultaneously.
- the operation mode executed by the air conditioner 100 includes a cooling only operation mode in which all the driven indoor units 2 execute a cooling operation, and a heating only operation in which all the driven indoor units 2 execute a heating operation. There are a cooling main operation mode in which the mode and the cooling load are larger, and a heating main operation mode in which the heating load is larger. Below, the flow of the 1st refrigerant
- the apparatus operation and the flow of the heat medium of the other second heat medium circuit B and the first heat medium circuit D are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram illustrating the flow of the refrigerant and the heat medium when the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is in the cooling only operation mode.
- the pipes represented by bold lines indicate the pipes through which the refrigerant and the heat medium flow.
- the flow direction of the refrigerant is indicated by a solid arrow, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a broken line arrow.
- the first low-temperature / low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature / high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 acting as a condenser via the first refrigerant flow switching device 27b. And it heats to the 2nd heat medium with the 2nd heat exchanger 13 between heat mediums, it is condensed and liquefied, and becomes a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the flow path is configured such that the flow direction of the second heat medium and the flow direction of the first refrigerant are opposed to each other.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant flowing out from the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 is branched and expanded by the first expansion device 16a and the first expansion device 16b to become a low-temperature / low-pressure two-phase refrigerant.
- the two-phase refrigerant flows into each of the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b acting as an evaporator, and circulates through the first heat medium circulation circuit D. By absorbing heat from one heat medium, a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant is obtained while cooling the first heat medium.
- the flow direction of the first refrigerant and the flow direction of the first heat medium are parallel flows.
- the flow path is configured.
- the gas refrigerant flowing out of the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b passes through the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b. Then, it is sucked into the compressor 10 again.
- the first refrigerant flow switching device 27a is closed and the first refrigerant flow switching device 27b is open.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram illustrating the flow of the refrigerant and the heat medium when the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is in the heating only operation mode.
- the pipes represented by the thick lines indicate the pipes through which the refrigerant and the heat medium flow.
- the flow direction of the refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a broken line arrow.
- the first low-temperature / low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature / high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 is branched, passes through the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b, and the first heat acting as a condenser. It flows into the intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the first intermediate heat exchanger 15b.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant flowing into the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b radiates heat to the first heat medium circulating in the first heat medium circulation circuit D.
- the flow direction of the first refrigerant and the flow direction of the first heat medium are opposed to each other.
- the flow path is configured.
- the liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is expanded by the first expander 16a and the first expander 16b, and is cooled at a low temperature.
- -It becomes a low-pressure two-phase refrigerant and flows into the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 acting as an evaporator.
- the refrigerant flowing into the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 absorbs heat from the second heat medium flowing through the second heat medium circuit B, and becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant. It is sucked again into the compressor 10 via the flow path switching device 27a.
- the flow path is configured so that the flow direction of the first refrigerant and the flow direction of the second heat medium are parallel flows.
- the first refrigerant flow switching device 27a is open, and the first refrigerant flow switching device 27b is closed.
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram illustrating the flow of the refrigerant and the heat medium when the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is in the cooling main operation mode.
- the pipes represented by the thick lines indicate the pipes through which the refrigerant and the heat medium flow.
- the flow direction of the refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a broken line arrow.
- the first low-temperature / low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature / high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 acting as the first condenser via the first refrigerant flow switching device 27b.
- the refrigerant is branched into the refrigerant flowing through the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b and flowing into the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b acting as the second condenser.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 acting as the first condenser via the first refrigerant flow switching device 27b is transferred to the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 by the second heat exchanger 13. It condenses while radiating heat to the second heat medium, and becomes a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the flow path is configured such that the flow direction of the second heat medium and the flow direction of the first refrigerant are opposed to each other.
- the high-pressure gas refrigerant branched on the discharge side of the compressor 10 and flowing into the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b acting as the second condenser through the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b is The liquid is condensed and liquefied while dissipating heat to the first heat medium circulating in the first heat medium circuit D, and becomes a liquid refrigerant.
- the flow path is configured so that the flow direction of the first refrigerant and the flow direction of the first heat medium are opposed to each other.
- the liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b passes through the first expansion device 16b that is fully open, and then merges with the high-pressure liquid refrigerant that flows out of the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13; It is throttled by the first expansion device 16a to become a low-pressure two-phase refrigerant, and flows into the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a that functions as an evaporator.
- the low pressure two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a absorbs heat from the first heat medium circulating in the first heat medium circulation circuit D, thereby cooling the first heat medium. It becomes a low-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the flow path is configured so that the flow direction of the first refrigerant and the flow direction of the first heat medium are parallel flows.
- the gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a is again sucked into the compressor 10 via the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a.
- the first refrigerant flow switching device 27a is closed, the first refrigerant flow switching device 27b is open, the first expansion device 16b is fully open, and the first expansion device 16a is a heat medium.
- the superheat (superheat degree) obtained as the difference between the temperature detected by the intermediate heat exchanger refrigerant temperature detector 35a and the temperature detected by the intermediate heat exchanger refrigerant temperature detector 35b is opened so as to be constant.
- the degree is controlled.
- the first expansion device 16a is obtained as a difference between a value obtained by converting the pressure detected by the high pressure detection device 38 into a saturation temperature and the temperature detected by the intermediate heat exchanger refrigerant temperature detection device 35d.
- the opening degree may be controlled so that the subcool (supercooling degree) is constant.
- FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing the flow of the refrigerant and the heat medium when the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is in the heating main operation mode.
- the pipes indicated by the thick lines indicate the pipes through which the refrigerant and the heat medium flow.
- the flow direction of the refrigerant is indicated by solid arrows, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by broken line arrows.
- the first low-temperature / low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature / high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b that acts as a condenser through the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b.
- the gas refrigerant that has flowed into the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is condensed and liquefied while dissipating heat to the first heat medium circulating in the first heat medium circulation circuit D, and becomes a liquid refrigerant.
- the flow path is configured so that the flow direction of the first refrigerant and the flow direction of the first heat medium are opposed to each other.
- the liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is expanded by the first expansion device 16b to become a low-pressure two-phase refrigerant, and then passes through the first expansion device 16a that is fully opened. Then, the refrigerant branches into a refrigerant flowing into the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a acting as an evaporator and a refrigerant flowing into the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 acting as an evaporator.
- the low-pressure two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a acting as an evaporator via the first expansion device 16a in the fully open state is removed from the heat medium circulating in the first heat medium circulation circuit D.
- the refrigerant evaporates by absorbing heat, cools the first heat medium, becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant, and the refrigerant flowing into the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 passes through the second heat medium circuit B. It absorbs heat from the circulating second heat medium and becomes a low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a flows out of the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 after passing through the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant that has passed through the first refrigerant flow switching device 27a merges and is sucked into the compressor 10 again.
- the flow path is configured so that the flow direction of the refrigerant and the flow direction of the heat medium are parallel flows. Has been.
- the first refrigerant flow switching device 27a is open, the first refrigerant flow switching device 27b is closed, the first expansion device 16a is fully open, and the first expansion device 16b is a high pressure.
- a subcool (degree of subcooling) obtained as a difference between a value obtained by converting the pressure detected by the detection device 38 into a saturation temperature and a temperature detected by the intermediate heat exchanger refrigerant temperature detection device 35d is made constant. Control the opening.
- the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 and the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a are dynamic. It cannot be controlled automatically, and is determined by the flow resistance of the piping. Therefore, if the inlet side refrigerant flow path of the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 is further provided with another expansion device (not shown), both the expansion device and the first expansion device 16a are provided. By controlling, the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 and the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the first heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a can be adjusted. It can be used more effectively.
- FIG. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an installation example of the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the space 8 in which the repeater 3 is installed is a space like a dent provided inside the building 9.
- the repeater 3 can be accommodated without protruding outside the building 9 such as a space recessed in a square shape on the inside provided on the door, or a recess provided vertically in the wall near the ground.
- the repeater 3 looks like a shape embedded in the building 9, can be installed neatly, and is aesthetically pleasing.
- the repeater 3 can supply air, which is the second heat medium, from the external space 6 of the building 9 to the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 accommodated inside the repeater 3. It is configured to be able to. Here, it is only necessary to circulate the air as the second heat medium only in the external space 6 of the building 9 and the repeater 3. After the repeater 3 is accommodated in the space 8, the space between the repeater 3 and the space is sufficient. There is no need to have a gap between them. After the repeater 3 is installed, when there is almost no gap around the repeater 3 through which the air in the outdoor space 6 flows and flows into the building 9, the right side of the repeater 3 in FIG. There is no need for a partition plate for partitioning the interior of the building from the space 8 as shown, and the space 8 may be a space directly connected to a space such as the ceiling inside the building.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing a part of the internal configuration of the repeater 3 of the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 the inside when the repeater 3 is seen from the upper side in FIG. 13 is shown.
- FIG. 14 regarding the equipment, structure, and the like housed in the relay unit 3, only the vicinity of the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 is shown in detail, and the illustration of other equipment is omitted.
- thick white arrows indicate the flow of air as the second heat medium
- black solid line arrows indicate the flow of the first refrigerant.
- the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 performs heat exchange between the air as the second heat medium and the first refrigerant, and is, for example, a plate fin coil heat exchanger. .
- the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 is divided into two parts, a second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 (1) and a second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 (2). The space between them is connected by refrigerant piping.
- the second heat exchanger 13 between the heat mediums acts as a condenser (all cooling operation mode, cooling main operation mode)
- the first refrigerant causes the second heat medium heat exchanger 13 (1) to After flowing, the piping is configured to flow to the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 (2).
- the second heat exchanger 13 (1) is provided with a blower 40 for causing ambient air to flow.
- the 1st partition plate 41 is installed between the 2nd heat exchanger 13 (1) and the 2nd heat exchanger 13 (2).
- the 2nd partition plate 42 is installed in the right side of the 2nd heat exchanger 13 between heat media.
- the first partition plate 41 passes air, which is the second heat medium, through both the second heat exchanger 13 (1) and the second heat exchanger 13 (2). It is provided to let you.
- the second partition plate 42 prevents the air (second heat medium) flowing in from the left side of the second partition plate 42 from flowing to the right side of the second partition plate 42. Is provided.
- the first partition plate 41 and the second partition plate 42 form an air passage serving as a second heat medium in the relay unit 3. Due to the action of the blower 40 and the first partition plate 41 and the second partition plate 42, air as the second heat medium flows into the relay unit 3 from the external space 6, and along the partition plate 41. After passing through the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 (2), it flows along the partition plate 42, reaches the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 (1), and passes along the partition plate 41. After passing through the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 (1), the air flows out from the relay unit 3 to the external space 6 through the blower 40.
- the second heat medium is installed in a state in which the repeater 3 is installed in a space close to the internal space of the building 9 (such as a dent provided on the wall of the building 9). Can be circulated through the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13, and heat exchange between the air as the second heat medium and the first refrigerant can be performed.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing another configuration of the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 that performs heat exchange between the first refrigerant and water, brine, or the like in FIG. 2 shown in the first embodiment performs heat exchange between the air or the like and the first refrigerant. It is replaced with the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13. Further, the second heat medium circuit B installed in FIG. 2 and the sensors, valves, pipes and the like associated therewith are not installed.
- the 2nd heat exchanger 13 between heat media in order for the 1st refrigerant
- the outdoor unit 1 for performing heat exchange between the second heat medium and the air in the external space 6 is not installed.
- the second heat medium such as water
- the circulation of the second heat medium such as water
- the circulation of the second heat medium such as air
- the first refrigerant and the second heat medium are mixed.
- the description of performing heat exchange and releasing or absorbing heat is the same as in the first embodiment, and the effect is the same.
- the flow of the second heat medium such as air at that time is as described above, and is the same regardless of the operation mode.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing a part of another example of the internal configuration of the relay 3 of the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the relay unit 3 having the configuration of FIG. 14 described above, in the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13, the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 (1) and the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 (2 ) And divided into two.
- the second heat exchanger 13 (1) and the second heat exchanger 13 (2) are connected by the refrigerant pipe has been described.
- the configuration is not limited to this.
- the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 may be divided into any number.
- the second heat exchanger related to heat medium 13 may be configured in a W shape, and any structure may be used.
- an accumulator for storing surplus refrigerant accompanying the change in the operation mode should be provided on the suction side of the compressor 10.
- an accumulator for example, when a thin tube heat exchanger such as a flat tube is used as the second heat exchanger 13, and in either case, the present invention is effective. It will be the same.
- the installation position of the repeater 3 may be outside the building 9 as long as it is close to the building 9 such as being arranged along the building 9.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の実施の形態1について、図面に基づいて説明する。図1は本発明の実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置の設置例を示す概略図である。図1に基づいて、空気調和装置の設置例について説明する。この空気調和装置は、第二の熱媒体を循環させる熱媒体回路(第二の熱媒体循環回路B)、第一の冷媒を循環させる冷媒回路(第一の冷媒循環回路C)および第一の熱媒体を循環させる熱媒体回路(第一の熱媒体循環回路D)を利用することで各室内機が運転モードとして冷房モードあるいは暖房モードを自由に選択できるものである。ここで、図1を含め、以下の図面では各構成部材の大きさの関係が実際のものとは異なる場合がある。また、以下に説明する温度、圧力等の高低については、特に絶対的な値との関係で高低等が定まっているものではなく、システム、装置等における状態、動作等において相対的に定まるものとする。
室外機1には、熱媒体配管5aに流れる第二の熱媒体を循環させるためのポンプ21cと第二の熱媒体と屋外空間6の空気(外気)との熱交換を行う室外側熱交換器12とが設けられている。ポンプ21cは、室外側熱交換器12の出口流路である熱媒体配管5aに設けられており、たとえば容量制御可能なポンプ等で構成するとよい。
室内機2には、それぞれ利用側熱交換器26が搭載されている。この利用側熱交換器26は、熱媒体配管5bによって中継機3の第一の熱媒体流量調整装置25と第二の熱媒体流路切替装置23に接続するようになっている。この利用側熱交換器26は、図示省略の送風機から供給される空気と熱媒体との間で熱交換を行ない、室内空間7に供給するための暖房用空気あるいは冷房用空気を生成するものである。
中継機3には、圧縮機10と、四方弁等の第一の冷媒流路切替装置27と、第二の熱媒体間熱交換器13と、第一の絞り装置16aおよび第一第一の絞り装置16bと、第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15aおよび第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15bと、第二の冷媒流路切替装置18aおよび第二の冷媒流路切替装置18bとが冷媒配管4で直列に接続されて搭載され、第一の冷媒が冷媒配管4の内部を循環し、第一の冷媒回路を構成している。
図3は、空気調和装置100の全冷房運転モード時における冷媒および熱媒体の流れを示す回路図である。この図3では、利用側熱交換器26aおよび利用側熱交換器26bでのみ冷熱負荷が発生している場合を例に全冷房運転モードについて説明する。なお、図3では、太線で表された配管が冷媒および熱媒体の流れる配管を示している。また、図3では、冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
全冷房運転モードでは、室外側熱交換器12で第二の熱媒体の温熱を屋外空間6に放熱し、冷やされた第二の熱媒体がポンプ21cによって熱媒体配管5a内を流動させられる。ポンプ21cで加圧されて流出した第二の熱媒体は、室外機1を流出し、熱媒体配管5aを通って、中継機3に流出し、第二の熱媒体流量調整装置28を介して、第二の熱媒体間熱交換器13に流入する。第二の熱媒体間熱交換器13で、第二の熱媒体の冷熱を第一の冷媒に伝えた後、中継機3から流出し、熱媒体配管5aを通って、室外機1に流入し、再び、室外側熱交換器12に流入する。
低温・低圧の第一の冷媒が圧縮機10によって圧縮され、高温・高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機10から吐出された高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、第一の冷媒流路切替装置27を介して凝縮器として作用する第二の熱媒体間熱交換器13に流入する。そして、第二の熱媒体間熱交換器13で第二の熱媒体に放熱しながら凝縮液化し、高圧液冷媒となる。この時、第二の熱媒体間熱交換器13において、第二の熱媒体の流れ方向と第一の冷媒の流れ方向とは対向流となるように、流路が構成されている。第二の熱媒体間熱交換器13から流出した高圧液冷媒は、逆止弁24aを通って、開閉装置17aを経由した後に分岐されて、第一の絞り装置16aおよび第一の絞り装置16bで膨張させられて、低温・低圧の二相冷媒となる。この二相冷媒は、蒸発器として作用する第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15aおよび第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15bのそれぞれに流入し、第一の熱媒体循環回路Dを循環する第一の熱媒体から吸熱することで、第一の熱媒体を冷却しながら、低温・低圧のガス冷媒となる。この時、第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15aおよび第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15bにおいて、第一の冷媒の流れ方向と第一の熱媒体の流れ方向とは並行流となるように、流路が構成されている。そして、第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15aおよび第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15bから流出したガス冷媒は、第二の冷媒流路切替装置18aおよび第二の冷媒流路切替装置18bを介して、逆止弁24dを通って、第一の冷媒流路切替装置27を介して、圧縮機10へ再度吸入される。
全冷房運転モードでは、第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15aおよび第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15bのすべてで第一の冷媒の冷熱が第一の熱媒体に伝えられ、冷やされた第一の熱媒体がポンプ21aおよびポンプ21bによって配管5b内を流動させられることになる。ポンプ21aおよびポンプ21bで加圧されて流出した第一の熱媒体は、第二の熱媒体流路切替装置23aおよび第二の熱媒体流路切替装置23bを介して、利用側熱交換器26aおよび利用側熱交換器26bに流入する。そして、第一の熱媒体が利用側熱交換器26aおよび利用側熱交換器26bで室内空気から吸熱することで、室内空間7の冷房を行なう。
図4は、空気調和装置100の全暖房運転モード時における冷媒および熱媒体の流れを示す回路図である。この図4では、利用側熱交換器26aおよび利用側熱交換器26bでのみ温熱負荷が発生している場合を例に全暖房運転モードについて説明する。なお、図4では、太線で表された配管が冷媒および熱媒体の流れる配管を示している。また、図4では、冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
全暖房運転モードでは、室外側熱交換器12で屋外空間の空気から第二の熱媒体に吸熱し、暖められた第二の熱媒体がポンプ21cによって熱媒体配管5a内を流動させられる。ポンプ21cで加圧されて流出した第二の熱媒体は、室外機1を流出し、熱媒体配管5aを通って、中継機3に流出し、第二の熱媒体流量調整装置28を介して、第二の熱媒体間熱交換器13に流入する。第二の熱媒体間熱交換器13で、第二の熱媒体の温熱を第二の冷媒に伝えた後、中継機3から流出し、熱媒体配管5aを通って、室外機1に流入し、再び、室外側熱交換器12に流入する。
低温・低圧の第一の冷媒が圧縮機10によって圧縮され、高温・高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機10から吐出された高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、第一の冷媒流路切替装置27を介して、逆止弁24bおよび冷媒配管4bを通過し、分岐されて第二の冷媒流路切替装置18aおよび第二の冷媒流路切替装置18bを通って、凝縮器として作用する第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15aおよび第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15bに流入する。第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15aおよび第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15bに流入した高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、第一の熱媒体循環回路Dを循環する第一の熱媒体に放熱しながら凝縮液化し、高圧の液冷媒となる。この時、第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15aおよび第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15bにおいて、第一の冷媒の流れ方向と第一の熱媒体の流れ方向とは対向流となるように、流路が構成されている。そして、第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15aおよび第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15bから流出した液冷媒は、第一の絞り装置16aおよび第一の絞り装置16bで膨張させられて、低温・低圧の二相冷媒となり、開閉装置17bを通った後、逆止弁24cおよび冷媒配管4cを通過して、蒸発器として作用する第二の熱媒体間熱交換器13に流入する。そして、第二の熱媒体間熱交換器13に流入した冷媒は、第二の熱媒体循環回路Bを流れる第二の熱媒体から吸熱して、低温・低圧のガス冷媒となり、第一の冷媒流路切替装置27を介して圧縮機10へ再度吸入される。この時、第二の熱媒体間熱交換器13において、第一の冷媒の流れ方向と第二の熱媒体の流れ方向とは並行流となるように、流路が構成されている。
全暖房運転モードでは、第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15aおよび第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15bの双方で冷媒の温熱が熱媒体に伝えられ、暖められた熱媒体がポンプ21aおよびポンプ21bによって配管5b内を流動させられることになる。ポンプ21aおよびポンプ21bで加圧されて流出した第一の熱媒体は、第二の熱媒体流路切替装置23aおよび第二の熱媒体流路切替装置23bを介して、利用側熱交換器26aおよび利用側熱交換器26bに流入する。そして、熱媒体が利用側熱交換器26aおよび利用側熱交換器26bで室内空気に放熱することで、室内空間7の暖房を行なう。
図5は、空気調和装置100の冷房主体運転モード時における冷媒および熱媒体の流れを示す回路図である。この図5では、利用側熱交換器26aで冷熱負荷が発生し、利用側熱交換器26bで温熱負荷が発生している場合を例に冷房主体運転モードについて説明する。なお、図5では、太線で表された配管が冷媒および熱媒体の循環する配管を示している。また、図5では、冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
冷房主体運転モードでは、室外側熱交換器12で第二の熱媒体の温熱を屋外空間に放熱し、冷やされた第二の熱媒体がポンプ21cによって熱媒体配管5a内を流動させられる。ポンプ21cで加圧されて流出した第二の熱媒体は、室外機1を流出し、熱媒体配管5aを通って、中継機3に流出し、第二の熱媒体流量調整装置28を介して、第二の熱媒体間熱交換器13に流入する。第二の熱媒体間熱交換器13で、第二の熱媒体の冷熱を第一の冷媒に伝えた後、中継機3から流出し、熱媒体配管5aを通って、室外機1に流入し、再び、室外側熱交換器12に流入する。
低温・低圧の第一の冷媒が圧縮機10によって圧縮され、高温・高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機10から吐出された高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、第一の冷媒流路切替装置27を介して第一の凝縮器として作用する第二の熱媒体間熱交換器13に流入する。そして、第二の熱媒体間熱交換器13で第二の熱媒体に放熱しながら凝縮し、高圧の二相冷媒となる。この時、第二の熱媒体間熱交換器13において、第二の熱媒体の流れ方向と第一の冷媒の流れ方向とは対向流となるように、流路が構成されている。第二の熱媒体間熱交換器13から流出した高圧二相冷媒は、逆止弁24aを通って、第二の冷媒流路切替装置18bを通って、第二の凝縮器として作用する第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15bに流入する。第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15bに流入した高圧二相冷媒は、第一の熱媒体循環回路Dを循環する第一の熱媒体に放熱しながら凝縮液化し、液冷媒となる。この時、第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15bにおいて、第一の冷媒の流れ方向と第一の熱媒体の流れ方向とは対向流となるように、流路が構成されている。そして、熱媒体間熱交換器15bから流出した液冷媒は、第一の絞り装置16bで膨張させられて低圧二相冷媒となった後、第一の絞り装置16aを介して蒸発器として作用する第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15aに流入する。
冷房主体運転モードでは、第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15bで第一の冷媒の温熱が第一の熱媒体に伝えられ、暖められた第一の熱媒体がポンプ21bによって配管5b内を流動させられることになる。また、冷房主体運転モードでは、第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15aで第一の冷媒の冷熱が第一の熱媒体に伝えられ、冷やされた第一の熱媒体がポンプ21aによって配管5b内を流動させられることになる。ポンプ21aおよびポンプ21bで加圧されて流出した第一の熱媒体は、第二の熱媒体流路切替装置23aおよび第二の熱媒体流路切替装置23bを介して、利用側熱交換器26aおよび利用側熱交換器26bに流入する。
図6は、空気調和装置100の暖房主体運転モード時における冷媒および熱媒体の流れを示す回路図である。この図6では、利用側熱交換器26aで温熱負荷が発生し、利用側熱交換器26bで冷熱負荷が発生している場合を例に暖房主体運転モードについて説明する。なお、図6では、太線で表された配管が冷媒および熱媒体の循環する配管を示している。また、図6では、冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
暖房主体運転モードでは、室外側熱交換器12で屋外空間の空気から第二の熱媒体に吸熱し、暖められた第二の熱媒体がポンプ21cによって熱媒体配管5a内を流動させられる。ポンプ21cで加圧されて流出した第二の熱媒体は、室外機1を流出し、熱媒体配管5aを通って、中継機3に流出し、第二の熱媒体流量調整装置28を介して、第二の熱媒体間熱交換器13に流入する。第二の熱媒体間熱交換器13で、第二の熱媒体の温熱を第二の冷媒に伝えた後、中継機3から流出し、熱媒体配管5aを通って、室外機1に流入し、再び、室外側熱交換器12に流入する。
低温・低圧の第一の冷媒が圧縮機10によって圧縮され、高温・高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機10から吐出された高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、第一の冷媒流路切替装置27を通り、逆止弁24bおよび冷媒配管4bを通過し、第二の冷媒流路切替装置18bを通って凝縮器として作用する第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15bに流入する。第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15bに流入したガス冷媒は、第一の熱媒体循環回路Dを循環する第一の熱媒体に放熱しながら凝縮液化し、液冷媒となる。この時、第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15bにおいて、第一の冷媒の流れ方向と第一の熱媒体の流れ方向とは対向流となるように、流路が構成されている。そして、第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15bから流出した液冷媒は、第一の絞り装置16bで膨張させられて低圧二相冷媒となり、第一の絞り装置16aを介して蒸発器として作用する第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15aに流入する。
暖房主体運転モードでは、第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15bで第一の冷媒の温熱が第一の熱媒体に伝えられ、暖められた第一の熱媒体がポンプ21bによって配管5b内を流動させられることになる。また、暖房主体運転モードでは、第一の熱媒体間熱交換器15aで第一の冷媒の冷熱が第一の熱媒体に伝えられ、冷やされた第一の熱媒体がポンプ21aによって配管5b内を流動させられることになる。ポンプ21aおよびポンプ21bで加圧されて流出した第一の熱媒体は、第二の熱媒体流路切替装置23aおよび第二の熱媒体流路切替装置23bを介して、利用側熱交換器26aおよび利用側熱交換器26bに流入する。
以上説明したように、本実施の形態に係る空気調和装置100は、幾つかの運転モードを具備している。これらの運転モードにおいては、室外機1と中継機3とを接続する熱媒体配管5aには水や不凍液等の第二の熱媒体が流れている。
本実施の形態に係る空気調和装置100が実行する幾つかの運転モードにおいては、中継機3と室内機2を接続する熱媒体配管5bには水や不凍液等の第一の熱媒体が流れている。なお、第一の熱媒体と第二の熱媒体とは、互いに交じり合うことはなく、同じ種類の熱媒体を使用してもよいし、異なる種類の熱媒体としてもよい。
図8は本発明の実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置の構成を示す図である。図8には、図2に対して、中継機3内の第一の冷媒循環回路Cの回路構成が少し異なっている。第一の冷媒流路切替装置27の代わりに、第一の冷媒流路切替装置27aおよび第一の冷媒流路切替装置27bが設置されている。また、圧縮機10の吐出側の配管が第二の冷媒流路切替装置18に繋がる配管と第二の熱媒体間熱交換器13に繋がる配管に分岐され、図示左側の冷媒回路と図示右側の冷媒回路が3本の配管にて接続されている。本実施の形態の説明においては、実施の形態1と異なる点について説明する。なお、第一の冷媒流路切替装置27aおよび第一の冷媒流路切替装置27bは、電磁弁や二方弁等の開閉を切り替える開閉弁を用いるが、流路の開閉が行えればどのようなものでもよいし、第一の冷媒流路切替装置27aと第一の冷媒流路切替装置27bとを一体に構成し、流路切替が同時に行えるようなものでもよい。
図9は、空気調和装置100の全冷房運転モード時における冷媒および熱媒体の流れを示す回路図である。なお、図9では、太線で表された配管が冷媒および熱媒体の流れる配管を示している。また、図9では、冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
図10は、空気調和装置100の全暖房運転モード時における冷媒および熱媒体の流れを示す回路図である。なお、図10では、太線で表された配管が冷媒および熱媒体の流れる配管を示している。また、図10では、冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
図11は、空気調和装置100の冷房主体運転モード時における冷媒および熱媒体の流れを示す回路図である。なお、図11では、太線で表された配管が冷媒および熱媒体の流れる配管を示している。また、図11では、冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
図12は、空気調和装置100の暖房主体運転モード時における冷媒および熱媒体の流れを示す回路図である。なお、図12では、太線で表された配管が冷媒および熱媒体の流れる配管を示している。また、図12では、冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
図13は本発明の実施の形態3に係る空気調和装置の設置例を示す図である。図13において、中継機3が設置されている空間8は、建物9の内部に設けられた凹みのような空間である。たとえば、ドアの上に設けられた内側に角状に凹んだスペース、地面近辺の壁に縦長に設けられた凹み等、建物9の外部に出っ張らずに、中継機3を収納できるスペースである。中継機3をここに設置すると、中継機3は、外見上、建物9に埋め込まれたような形となり、きれいに設置することができ、美観的によい。なお、中継機3は、建物9の外部空間6から、第二の熱媒体である空気を、中継器3の内部に収容された第二の熱媒体間熱交換器13に、供給することができるように構成されている。ここで、建物9の外部空間6と中継機3の内部でのみ、第二の熱媒体である空気を循環させられればよく、空間8に中継機3を収容した後は、中継機3と空間8との間に隙間がある必要はない。中継機3を設置した後、中継機3の周囲に、屋外空間6の空気が通って建物9の内部に流入する隙間が殆どない状態にできる場合は、図13の中継機3の右側に図示してあるような、建物の内部と空間8を仕切る仕切り板のようなものは必要なく、空間8は、建物の内部の天井裏等の空間と直接繋がった空間であってもよい。
Claims (12)
- 建物の内部にあって、空調対象空間の空気調和が可能な位置に設置された複数の室内機と、
前記建物の内部、前記建物の外部に繋がる前記建物内に食い込んだ凹み等の空間、または前記建物の外部であり前記建物に近接した位置にあって、前記空調対象空間とは別の離れた位置である非空調対象空間に設置可能な中継機とを備え、
前記中継機と各室内機とは、水、ブライン等の第一の熱媒体が流れる第一の熱媒体配管で接続し、
前記中継機は、圧縮機、運転中に相変化をするまたは超臨界状態になる冷媒と前記第一の熱媒体との熱交換を行う複数の第一の熱媒体間熱交換器、複数の絞り装置および前記冷媒と空気、水、ブライン等の第二の熱媒体との熱交換を行う第二の熱媒体間熱交換器を冷媒配管で接続して構成した冷媒循環回路を収容して、冷却された前記第一の熱媒体と加熱された前記第一の熱媒体とを同時に生成可能とし、さらに前記冷却された第一の熱媒体と前記加熱された第一の熱媒体とを、前記複数の室内機に振り分けて搬送可能とし、前記第二の熱媒体は、前記建物の外部と前記中継機との間を循環し、前記第二の熱媒体間熱交換器にて、前記冷媒と前記第二の熱媒体とを熱交換させる空気調和装置。 - 前記冷媒循環回路は第一の冷媒流路切替装置および第二の冷媒流路切替装置をさらに有し、
前記複数の第一の熱媒体間熱交換器における熱媒体側流路、前記第一の熱媒体を送り出す複数の第一の熱媒体送出装置、前記空調対象空間の空気と前記第一の熱媒体との熱交換を行う複数の利用熱交換器並びに前記複数の利用熱交換器の熱媒体流入口側および流出口のそれぞれに設置されて前記第一の熱媒体の流路を切り替える複数の第一の熱媒体流路切替装置を第一の熱媒体配管で接続して構成する第一の熱媒体循環回路を構成し、
前記室内機は前記利用側熱交換器を収容し、
前記中継機は、前記冷媒の蒸発熱または凝縮熱によって、前記第二の熱媒体から吸熱または放熱し、複数の前記第一の熱媒体間熱交換器のうち、前記冷媒の蒸発熱または凝縮熱によって、一部の前記第一の熱媒体間熱交換器における前記第一の熱媒体の冷却と、残りの前記第一の熱媒体間熱交換器における前記第一の熱媒体の加熱とを同時に行う請求項1に記載の空気調和装置。 - 水、ブライン等の前記第二の熱媒体を供給する2本の第二の熱媒体配管を前記建物の外部から前記中継機に接続して第二の熱媒体循環回路を構成し、前記第二の熱媒体間熱交換器における前記冷媒と前記第二の熱媒体との熱交換により、前記第二の熱媒体を介して、前記冷媒から前記建物の屋外空間の空気に放熱するまたは前記冷媒に前記屋外空間の空気から吸熱する請求項1または請求項2に記載の空気調和装置。
- 前記中継機は、前記建物の外部に繋がる前記建物に埋め込まれた空間に設置可能な構造であり、前記中継機に流入する空気等の前記第二の熱媒体の流れ方向は前記中継機内で折り返され、前記中継機に流入する前記第二の熱媒体と前記中継機から流出する前記第二の熱媒体とが、ほぼ反対向きになるように流れる請求項1または請求項2に記載の空気調和装置。
- 前記第二の熱媒体から前記屋外空間の空気に放熱または前記屋外空間の空気から前記第二の熱媒体に吸熱する吸放熱ユニットを備える請求項3に記載の空気調和装置。
- 前記吸放熱ユニットは、前記第二の熱媒体の温度を調節することが可能な室外機であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の空気調和装置。
- 前記第二の熱媒体循環回路は、外気と前記第二の熱媒体との熱交換を行う室外側熱交換器および第二の熱媒体送出装置をさらに有し、
前記室外側熱交換器および前記第二の熱媒体送出装置を前記室外機に収容し、
前記室外機は前記建物の外部である屋外空間または前記建物の内部であって前記屋外空間と繋がる空間に設置されている請求項6に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記第二の熱媒体循環回路に、開度調整可能な第二の熱媒体流量調整装置をさらに備え、
前記第二の熱媒体流量調整装置の開度を制御して前記第二の熱媒体間熱交換器を通過する前記第二の熱媒体の流量を調整する請求項3から請求項7のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記中継機の内部または近辺に設置された第一の制御装置と、
前記室外機の内部または近辺に設置された第二の制御装置とをさらに備え、
前記第二の制御装置は前記第二の熱媒体送出装置と制御可能に接続し、
前記第一の制御装置と前記第二の制御装置とを有線または無線の信号線にて信号の送受信が可能なように接続し、前記第一の制御装置と前記第二の制御装置との間で、少なくとも前記第二の熱媒体流量調整装置の開度に係る情報を送受信することにより、前記第二の熱媒体流量調整装置の開度の制御と前記第二の熱媒体送出装置の回転数の制御とを連携して行うことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記第二の熱媒体間熱交換器における熱媒体側流路の入口側または/および出口側に設置された第一の熱媒体温度検出装置と、
前記中継機の内部または近辺に設置された第一の制御装置と、
前記室外機の内部または近辺に設置された第二の制御装置とをさらに備え、
前記第二の制御装置は前記第二の熱媒体送出装置と制御可能に接続し、
前記第一の制御装置と前記第二の制御装置とは有線または無線の信号線にて信号の送受信が可能なように接続し、前記第一の制御装置と前記第二の制御装置との間で、前記第一の熱媒体温度検出装置の検出温度または前記第一の熱媒体温度検出装置の検出温度から演算される値を送受信することにより、前記第二の熱媒体送出装置の回転数の制御を行うことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の空気調和装置。 - 地球温暖化係数が50以下で、かつ、弱燃性でかつ燃焼速度が10cm/s以下の冷媒(微燃性冷媒)を前記冷媒とする請求項1から請求項10のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。
- 前記冷媒がR-32の場合は1.8kg以下の冷媒量を前記冷媒循環回路に封入し、前記冷媒がHFO-1234yfの場合は1.7kg以下の冷媒量を前記冷媒循環回路に封入することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項10のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。
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