WO2014088005A1 - 炭素繊維複合材料及び炭素繊維複合材料の製造方法 - Google Patents
炭素繊維複合材料及び炭素繊維複合材料の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a carbon fiber composite material containing carbon nanofibers and a method for producing the carbon fiber composite material.
- multi-walled carbon nanotubes that were defibrated and dispersed uniformly were continuously at a high filling rate of 16% by mass or more. It is known to form a three-dimensional structure (cellation) (see, for example, “Carbon TANSO 2010 No. 244, 147-152“ Swelling and Interface Analysis of Multiwall Carbon Nanotube / Natural Rubber Composite ””). This continuous three-dimensional structure is formed by an interfacial phase of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and rubber bonded to the surface thereof, and has been found to have high elastic modulus and high heat resistance. However, the use of a large number of multi-walled carbon nanotubes tends to reduce processability and increase costs.
- a carbon fiber composite material has been proposed in which an appropriate amount of carbon nanofibers and carbon black is blended with an elastomer so that the thermal expansion is small and stable over a wide temperature range (for example, JP 2007-39649 A). reference).
- carbon nanofibers and carbon black cooperate to form a continuous three-dimensional structure, whereby the amount of expensive carbon nanofibers can be reduced.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a carbon fiber composite material using carbon nanofibers and a method for producing the carbon fiber composite material.
- the carbon fiber composite material according to the present invention is: A cell structure formed by surrounding the elastomer with the first carbon nanofiber and its interfacial phase; A cell structure aggregate including a plurality of cell structures; A tie structure for connecting cell structure assemblies; Including The tie structure is characterized in that it is formed by an interface phase composed of one or more first carbon nanofibers, one or more second carbon nanofibers, and an elastomer formed around them.
- a carbon fiber composite material having high strength and high rigidity while maintaining flexibility can be provided by reinforcing the first and second carbon nanofibers. Moreover, according to the carbon fiber composite material concerning this invention, while providing high heat resistance, the composite material of the elastomer and 1st and 2nd carbon nanofiber which had the softness
- the first carbon nanofiber has an average diameter of 0.5 nm or more and 500 nm or less
- the cell structure aggregate has an average diameter of 0.02 to 30 ⁇ m
- the tie structure may have an average diameter of 5 nm to 10 ⁇ m.
- the first carbon nanofiber has an average diameter of 0.5 nm to 40 nm and includes 5 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the elastomer
- the second carbon nanofiber may have an average diameter of 60 nm to 100 nm.
- the cell structure aggregate has an average diameter of 0.02 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m
- the tie structure may have an average diameter of 65 nm to 2 ⁇ m.
- the first carbon nanofiber has an average diameter of 60 nm to 100 nm, and includes 20 parts by mass to 60 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the elastomer.
- the second carbon nanofiber may have an average diameter of 0.5 nm to 40 nm.
- the cell structure aggregate has an average diameter of 3 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m
- the tie structure may have an average diameter of 65 nm to 2 ⁇ m.
- a method for producing a carbon fiber composite material according to the present invention includes: After mixing the first carbon nanofibers with the elastomer, using an open roll having a roll interval of 0.5 mm or less, thinning at 0 ° C. to 50 ° C. to obtain a composite elastomer (a); Furthermore, after the second carbon nanofibers are mixed with the composite elastomer, a carbon fiber composite material is obtained by performing thinning at 0 ° C. to 50 ° C. using an open roll having a roll interval of 0.5 mm or less ( b) and It is characterized by including.
- the method for producing a carbon fiber composite material according to the present invention it is possible to produce a carbon fiber composite material having high strength and high rigidity while maintaining flexibility. Further, according to the method for producing a carbon fiber composite material according to the present invention, it is possible to produce a carbon fiber composite material having high heat resistance by reinforcing carbon nanofibers and having both flexibility and wear resistance. .
- the first carbon nanofiber having an average diameter of 0.5 nm to 40 nm is blended in an amount of 5 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the elastomer.
- the second carbon nanofiber having an average diameter of 60 nm or more and 100 nm or less can be blended.
- step (9) In the method for producing a carbon fiber composite material according to (7), in the step (a), the first carbon nanofiber having an average diameter of 60 nm or more and 100 nm or less is blended in an amount of 20 to 60 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the elastomer. In the step (b), the second carbon nanofiber having an average diameter of 0.5 nm to 40 nm can be blended.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the step (a).
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the step (a).
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the step (a).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing the step (b).
- FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing the step (b).
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing a cell structure.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing a cell tie structure.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically showing a cell tie structure of a carbon fiber composite material according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a three-dimensional image obtained by observing the sample of Comparative Example 1 with a transmission electron microscope.
- a carbon fiber composite material includes a cell structure formed by surrounding an elastomer with a first carbon nanofiber and an interface phase thereof, a cell structure aggregate in which a plurality of cell structures are aggregated,
- a tie structure for connecting cell structure assemblies, and the tie structure includes one or more first carbon nanofibers, one or more second carbon nanofibers, and an elastomer formed around them. It is formed by the interface phase which consists of.
- the first carbon nanofiber is mixed with an elastomer, and then an open roll having a roll interval of 0.5 mm or less is used.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 are diagrams schematically showing step (a) of a method for producing a carbon fiber composite material according to an embodiment.
- 4 to 5 are diagrams schematically showing step (b) of the carbon fiber composite material manufacturing method according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing a cell structure.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing a cell tie structure.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically showing a cell tie structure of a carbon fiber composite material according to an embodiment.
- Step (a) The step of mixing the first carbon nanofibers with the elastomer in the step (a) can be performed using, for example, a two-roll open roll 2 as shown in FIGS.
- the first roll 10 and the second roll 20 in the open roll 2 are arranged at a predetermined interval d, for example, 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, and rotate forward at rotational speeds V1 and V2 in the directions indicated by the arrows. Or it rotates in reverse.
- the elastomer 30 wound around the first roll 10 is masticated, and the molecular chain of the elastomer is appropriately cut to generate free radicals.
- generated by mastication will be in the state which is easy to be combined with the 1st carbon nanofiber.
- a plurality of first carbon nanofibers 80 are put into a bank 34 of the elastomer 30 wound around the first roll 10 and kneaded to obtain a first mixture 36.
- the step of obtaining the first mixture 36 of FIGS. 1 and 2 in the step (a) is not limited to the open roll method, and for example, a closed kneading method or a multi-screw extrusion kneading method can be used.
- step (a) using an open roll having a roll interval of 0.5 mm or less in step (a), a step of thinning at 0 ° C. to 50 ° C. to obtain a composite elastomer is performed.
- the roll interval d between the first roll 10 and the second roll 20 is set to, for example, 0.5 mm or less, more preferably 0 to 0.5 mm, and the first interval obtained in FIG.
- the mixture 36 can be put into the open roll 2 and thinning can be performed once to plural times.
- the thinning can be performed, for example, about 1 to 10 times.
- the ratio of the surface speeds (V1 / V2) in thinness is 1.05 to 3.00. Further, it is preferably 1.05 to 1.2.
- a desired shear force can be obtained.
- the composite elastomer 50 pushed out between the narrow rolls as described above is further greatly deformed as shown in FIG. 3 by the restoring force due to the elasticity of the elastomer, and at this time, the first carbon nanofibers move greatly together with the elastomer.
- the composite elastomer 50 obtained through thinning is rolled with a roll and dispensed into a sheet having a predetermined thickness, for example, 100 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
- the roll temperature can be set to 0 to 50 ° C., for example, and further set to a relatively low temperature of 5 to 30 ° C. it can.
- the actually measured temperature of the elastomer can also be adjusted to 0 to 50 ° C., and further adjusted to 5 to 30 ° C. By adjusting to such a temperature range, the first carbon nanofibers can be dispersed using the elasticity of the elastomer.
- the shearing force thus obtained causes a high shearing force to act on the elastomer, and the aggregated first carbon nanofibers are separated from each other so as to be pulled out one by one to the elastomer molecules, and into the elastomer. Distributed.
- the elastomer since the elastomer has elasticity, viscosity, and chemical interaction with the first carbon nanofibers, the first carbon nanofibers can be easily defibrated and dispersed.
- the composite elastomer 50 excellent in the dispersibility and dispersion stability (1st carbon nanofiber is hard to re-aggregate) of a 1st carbon nanofiber can be obtained.
- the viscous elastomer penetrates into the first carbon nanofiber, and a specific part of the molecule of the elastomer is chemically It binds to the highly active part of the first carbon nanofibers by mechanical interaction. If the surface of the first carbon nanofibers is moderately high in activity by, for example, oxidation treatment, it can be particularly easily bonded to elastomer molecules.
- the first carbon nanofibers when a strong shearing force acts on the elastomer, the first carbon nanofibers also move with the movement of the molecules of the elastomer, and the first carbon that has been agglomerated by the restoring force of the elastomer due to elasticity after shearing.
- the nanofibers will be separated and dispersed in the elastomer.
- the open roll method is preferable because it can measure and manage not only the roll temperature but also the actual temperature of the mixture.
- the composite elastomer 50 has a large number of small cell structures 300 formed by surrounding the elastomer 30 with the first carbon nanofibers 80 and the interface phase 30 a thereof.
- the interfacial phase 30 a is a so-called bound rubber formed around the first carbon nanofiber 80 including the interface between the elastomer 30 and the first carbon nanofiber 80.
- Bound rubber is a polymer chain that is affected by molecular motion due to the interaction between the elastomer and carbon black formed around the carbon black when carbon black as a reinforcing material is blended with the elastomer. is there.
- the interfacial phase 30a is an elastomer part that elutes when the uncrosslinked composite elastomer 50 is immersed in a solvent such as toluene, but remains as it is around the first carbon nanofibers. Can be defined.
- the cell structure 300 is expressed two-dimensionally, but in reality, the interface phase 30 a is formed in a continuous three-dimensional structure like a three-dimensional network, and the elastomer 30 has little influence on the first carbon nanofibers 80. Is formed so as to surround.
- the size of the cell structure 300 can be controlled by changing the average diameter of the first carbon nanofibers 80. That is, when the average diameter of the first carbon nanofibers 80 is increased, the cell structure 300 is increased, and when the average diameter of the first carbon nanofibers 80 is decreased, the cell structure 300 is decreased.
- the maximum diameter of one cell structure 300 is about 2 to 10 times the average diameter of the first carbon nanofibers 80.
- the cell structure 300 is not uniformly formed as a whole.
- a cell structure aggregate 400 in which a plurality of cell structures 300 are aggregated is formed in a sea-island shape.
- a structure as shown in FIG. 6 is obtained.
- a tie structure 500 formed by the first carbon nanofibers 80 connecting the adjacent cell structure aggregates 400 and the interface phase 30a is formed.
- the first carbon nanofiber 80 that did not form the cell structure 300 in one cell structure assembly 400 did not form the cell structure 300 in the other cell structure assembly 400.
- a plurality of the first carbon nanofibers 80 are gathered together, and the cell structure aggregates 400 are connected in a band shape together with the interface phase 30 a formed around the first carbon nanofibers 80.
- the cell structure aggregate 400 and the tie structure 500 are considered to greatly influence the physical strength and chemical strength (resistance to chemicals) of the composite elastomer 50.
- the cell structure aggregate 400 in the composite elastomer 50 becomes sparse, and particularly, the first carbon nanofiber 80 included in the tie structure 500 as shown in FIG. Since the number of carbon nanofibers 80 is reduced, the tie structure 500 has a smaller reinforcing effect than the cell structure 300. By further reinforcing the tie structure 500, the physical strength and chemical strength of the composite elastomer 50 can be improved.
- Step (b) is a step of obtaining a carbon fiber composite material by mixing the second carbon nanofibers with the composite elastomer.
- Step (b) can be performed, for example, using an open roll 2 as shown in FIGS. Since the open roll 2 is the same as that shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the same reference numerals are used and description thereof is omitted.
- a plurality of second carbon nanofibers 90 are put into the bank 54 of the composite elastomer 50 obtained in the step (a) wound around the first roll 10 and kneaded.
- a second mixture 56 can be obtained.
- the mixing in the step (b) is not limited to the open roll method, and for example, a closed kneading method or a multi-screw extrusion kneading method can be used.
- the second mixture 56 is charged into the open roll 2 shown in FIG. 5 and subjected to thinning once to a plurality of times to obtain the carbon fiber composite material 60. . Since the thinning condition is also as described with reference to FIG.
- the second carbon nanofibers can be defibrated and dispersed throughout, as well as the first carbon nanofibers, and should be particularly thin. Thus, the second carbon nanofibers can be dispersed more uniformly.
- the carbon fiber composite material 60 thus obtained has a cell structure 300 formed by surrounding the elastomer 30 with the first carbon nanofibers 80 and the interface phase 30 a thereof.
- the tie structure 510 is formed by one or a plurality of first carbon nanofibers 80, one or a plurality of second carbon nanofibers 90, and an interface phase 30a made of an elastomer formed around them.
- the second carbon nanofiber 90 in the carbon fiber composite material 60 is present in the vicinity of the first carbon nanofiber 80 of the tie structure 500 (see FIG. 7) to form the tie structure 500 (see FIG. 7).
- a part of the tie structure 510 is configured to be reinforced.
- the cell structure aggregate 400 can be maintained in the form with almost no destruction by the step (b). Then, the second carbon nanofiber 90 is present near the tie structure 500 (see FIG. 7) and forms a part of the tie structure 510 during the step (b).
- the interface phase 30a formed by the elastomer 30 is also present around the second carbon nanofiber 90, and is integrated with the interface phase 30a formed around the first carbon nanofiber 80 to form a tie structure 510.
- the carbon fiber composite material 60 can improve physical strength and chemical strength because the tie structure 510 is reinforced by the second carbon nanofibers 90.
- the carbon fiber composite material 60 has high strength (for example, tensile strength) and high rigidity (for example, in a tensile test) while maintaining flexibility, because the tie structure 510 is reinforced by the second carbon nanofibers 90. Rigidity).
- the first carbon nanofibers 80 and the second carbon nanofibers 90 may have an average diameter of 0.5 nm to 500 nm, and may further have an average diameter of 0.5 nm to 250 nm. In particular, the average diameter can be 0.5 nm or more and 100 nm or less. When the average diameter of the first carbon nanofibers 80 and the second carbon nanofibers 90 is not less than 0.5 nm and not more than 500 nm, it is commercially available and can be processed in the present embodiment.
- Examples of the first carbon nanofiber 80 and the second carbon nanofiber 90 include carbon nanofibers having an average diameter of 0.5 nm to 6 nm, carbon nanofibers having an average diameter of 9 nm to 40 nm, and an average diameter of It can be used by selecting from carbon nanofibers of 60 nm or more and 500 nm or less. Carbon nanofibers having an average diameter of 0.5 nm or more and 6 nm or less may further have an average diameter of 2 nm or more and 6 nm or less. Carbon nanofibers having an average diameter of 9 nm to 40 nm may further have an average diameter of 9 nm to 20 nm. Carbon nanofibers having an average diameter of 60 nm to 500 nm can further have an average diameter of 60 nm to 100 nm.
- the average diameter of the first carbon nanofiber 80 and the second carbon nanofiber 90 is the outer diameter of the fiber.
- the first carbon nanofibers 80 and the second carbon nanofibers 90 may be straight fibers or curved fibers.
- the average diameters of the first carbon nanofibers 80 and the second carbon nanofibers 90 are, for example, 5,000 times or more with an electron microscope (the magnification can be changed as appropriate depending on the size of the first carbon nanofibers) and 200 or more locations. Can be obtained by measuring the diameter and calculating the arithmetic mean value.
- Examples of the first carbon nanofiber 80 and the second carbon nanofiber 90 include so-called carbon nanotubes.
- Carbon nanotubes are single-walled carbon nanotubes (single wall carbon nanotubes: SWNT) in which one surface of graphite having a carbon hexagonal mesh surface is wound in one layer, and double-walled carbon nanotubes (double wall carbon nanotubes: DWNT) in two layers.
- Multi-walled carbon nanotubes MWNT: multiwall carbon nanotubes wound in three or more layers are used as appropriate.
- a carbon material partially having a carbon nanotube structure can also be used.
- it may be referred to as a name such as graphite fibril nanotube or vapor grown carbon fiber.
- Single-walled carbon nanotubes or multi-walled carbon nanotubes are manufactured to a desired size by an arc discharge method, a laser ablation method, a vapor phase growth method, or the like.
- the first carbon nanofibers are improved in adhesion and wettability with the elastomer by surface treatment such as ion implantation treatment, sputter etching treatment, and plasma treatment in advance before being kneaded with the elastomer. can do.
- the first carbon nanofiber 80 can have an average diameter different from that of the second carbon nanofiber 90.
- the first carbon nanofiber 80 may have an average diameter that is smaller than that of the second carbon nanofiber 90.
- the cell structure aggregate 400 has an average diameter of 0.02 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m
- the tie structure 500 has an average diameter of 5 nm to 10 ⁇ m. Can be.
- the size of the cell structure aggregate 400 and the tie structure 500 is determined by immersing an uncrosslinked carbon fiber composite material in a solvent such as toluene to elute the elastomer, and the remaining structure is scanned with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or For example, it can be obtained by observing, measuring, and calculating at 5,000 times using a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the average diameter of the cell structure aggregate 400 the cell structure aggregate 400 in which a plurality of cell structures 300 are gathered is regarded as one particle, and a plurality of locations (for example, a maximum diameter of 4 or more in any direction for each particle) is determined. For example, it can be obtained as an arithmetic average value of 200 or more cell structure aggregates 400.
- the average diameter of the tie structure 500 is observed in the same manner as the cell structure aggregate 400, the tie structure 500 is regarded as one fiber, and the diameters of fibers at a plurality of places, for example, 200 places, are measured, and the arithmetic average value thereof Can be obtained as
- the average diameter of the first carbon nanofibers 80 may be not less than 0.5 nm and not more than 40 nm, and the average diameter of the second carbon nanofibers 90 may be not less than 60 nm and not more than 100 nm.
- the first carbon is formed in order to form celllation, that is, to form the cell structure 300, the cell structure aggregate 400, and the tie structure 500.
- the nanofiber 80 can be blended in an amount of 5 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the elastomer.
- the second carbon nanofiber 90 can be blended in an amount of 1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the elastomer in order to reinforce the tie structure 500.
- the first carbon nanofiber 80 is 5 to 15 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the elastomer. Can be. This is because, since the specific gravity of the elastomer is high, even if a small amount of the first carbon nanofiber 80 is blended, the proportion of the volume increases. Note that since the blending amount of the second carbon nanofiber 90 is relatively small, even a high specific gravity elastomer can have the same blending amount (1 to 10 parts by mass).
- the cell structure aggregate 400 has an average diameter of 0.
- the tie structure 500 may have an average diameter of 65 nm to 2 ⁇ m.
- the average diameter of the first carbon nanofibers 80 can be 2 nm or more and 6 nm or less, and the average diameter of the second carbon nanofibers 90 can be 60 nm or more and 100 nm or less. Further, for example, the average diameter of the first carbon nanofibers 80 can be 2 nm or more and 6 nm or less, and the average diameter of the second carbon nanofibers 90 can be 9 nm or more and 20 nm or less.
- first carbon nanofibers 80 have an average diameter thinner than that of the second carbon nanofibers 90, a carbon fiber composite material having high strength and high rigidity can be obtained although flexibility is reduced.
- the first carbon nanofibers 80 can have a larger average diameter than the second carbon nanofibers 90.
- the average diameter of the first carbon nanofibers 80 may be 60 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and the average diameter of the second carbon nanofibers 90 may be 0.5 nm or more and 40 nm or less.
- the first carbon nanofibers 80 are formed in order to form cellations, that is, to form the cell structure 300, the cell structure aggregate 400, and the tie structure 500.
- 80 may be blended in an amount of 20 to 60 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the elastomer.
- the second carbon nanofiber 90 can be blended in an amount of 1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the elastomer in order to reinforce the tie structure 500.
- the first carbon nanofiber 80 can be 20 to 35 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the elastomer. Note that since the blending amount of the second carbon nanofiber 90 is relatively small, even a high specific gravity elastomer can have the same blending amount (1 to 10 parts by mass).
- the cell structure aggregate 400 has an average diameter of 3 ⁇ m.
- the tie structure 500 can have an average diameter of 65 nm to 2 ⁇ m.
- the average diameter of the first carbon nanofibers 80 may be 60 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and the average diameter of the second carbon nanofibers 90 may be 2 nm or more and 6 nm or less.
- the average diameter of the first carbon nanofibers 80 can be 9 nm or more and 20 nm or less, and the average diameter of the second carbon nanofibers 90 can be 2 nm or more and 6 nm or less.
- first carbon nanofibers 80 have a thicker average diameter than the second carbon nanofibers 90, a carbon fiber composite material having improved strength and rigidity while maintaining high flexibility can be obtained.
- parts by mass indicates “phr” unless otherwise specified, and “phr” is an abbreviation for “parts per hundred of resin or rubber” and represents the percentage of external additives such as additives to rubber and the like. It is.
- the first carbon nanofibers 80 can have the same average diameter as the second carbon nanofibers 90.
- the elastomer used in the step (a) has an unsaturated bond or group having an affinity for the radical at the terminal of the first carbon nanofiber in at least one of the main chain, the side chain and the terminal chain, or , And can easily generate such radicals or groups.
- Such unsaturated bonds or groups include double bonds, triple bonds, carbonyl groups, carboxyl groups, hydroxyl groups, amino groups, nitrile groups, ketone groups, amide groups, epoxy groups, ester groups, vinyl groups, halogen groups, urethane groups. , At least one selected from functional groups such as a burette group, an allophanate group and a urea group.
- the first carbon nanofiber and the second carbon nanofiber have a closed structure with a 5-membered ring introduced at the tip, it is easy to generate radicals and functional groups.
- the elastomer By having unsaturated bonds or groups having high affinity (reactivity or polarity) with the radicals of the first and second carbon nanofibers in at least one of the main chain, side chain and terminal chain of the elastomer molecule, the elastomer Can be bonded to the first and second carbon nanofibers. Thereby, it is possible to easily disperse the first and second carbon nanofibers by overcoming the cohesive force.
- Elastomers include natural rubber (NR), epoxidized natural rubber (ENR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), nitrile rubber (NBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), ethylene propylene rubber (EPR, EPDM), and butyl rubber (IIR).
- NR natural rubber
- Elastomers include natural rubber (NR), epoxidized natural rubber (ENR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), nitrile rubber (NBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), ethylene propylene rubber (EPR, EPDM), and butyl rubber (IIR).
- elastomers such as polysulfide rubber (T); olefin (TPO), polyvinyl chloride (TPVC), polyester (TPEE), polyurethane (TPU), polyamide (TPEA), styrene (SBS) ), Etc. Chromatography; and it can be a mixture thereof.
- the elastomer may be a rubber-based elastomer or a thermoplastic elastomer. In the case of a rubber-based elastomer, the elastomer can be an uncrosslinked body.
- the elastomer can adjust the compounding quantity of a filler suitably with specific gravity.
- the proportion in the volume is large even if it is a blending amount of a small amount of filler in terms of part by mass.
- an elastomer having a high specific gravity can be an elastomer having a specific gravity of 1.5 g / cm 3 or more.
- the elastomer having a high specific gravity include fluororubber (FKM). Therefore, even if the carbon fiber composite material using fluororubber appears to contain only a small amount by mass ratio, the ratio of the cell structure aggregate and the tie structure to the carbon fiber composite material in terms of specific gravity is compared. Become bigger.
- the carbon fiber composite material has a first spin-spin relaxation time (T2n) of 100 to 3000 ⁇ sec in a non-crosslinked body, measured at 150 ° C. by the Hahn echo method using pulsed NMR and at 1 H of the observation nucleus.
- the component fraction (fnn) of the component having the second spin-spin relaxation time can be 0 to 0.2.
- the carbon fiber composite material has a smaller component fraction (fnn) of the component having the second spin-spin relaxation time (T2nn) than the composite elastomer.
- the carbon fiber composite material 60 has a first spin-spin relaxation time (T2n) of 100 to 3000 ⁇ sec in a non-crosslinked body measured at 150 ° C. by the Hahn echo method using pulsed NMR and at 1 H of the observation nucleus.
- the component fraction (fnn) of the component having the second spin-spin relaxation time can be 0 to 0.2.
- T2n and fnn measured at 150 ° C. of the carbon fiber composite material 60 are dispersed in a state where the first and second carbon nanofibers 80 and 90 are defibrated in the elastomer 30 which is a matrix, and the cell structure 300 and the tie structure 510 are dispersed.
- the molecules of the elastomer 30 are constrained by the first and second carbon nanofibers 80 and 90.
- the mobility of the molecules of the elastomer constrained by the first and second carbon nanofibers 80 and 90 is higher than that in the case where the first and second carbon nanofibers 80 and 90 are not constrained. Get smaller. Therefore, the first spin-spin relaxation time (T2n), the second spin-spin relaxation time (T2nn), and the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) of the carbon fiber composite material 60 are the first and second carbon nanocomposites.
- the elastomer simple substance which does not contain the fibers 80 and 90 it becomes shorter than the case of the elastomer simple substance which does not contain the fibers 80 and 90, and it becomes shorter especially by forming the cell structure 300 and the tie structure 510.
- the non-network component non-network chain component
- the portion where the non-network component cannot easily move increases, and the same behavior as the network component is likely to occur.
- the crosslinked carbon fiber composite material thus obtained can have high strength and high rigidity while maintaining flexibility.
- the carbon fiber composite material has high heat resistance and can be provided with flexibility and wear resistance.
- the crosslinked carbon fiber composite material thus obtained has a smaller creep instantaneous strain (%) and a creep rate (ppm / h) compared with the carbon fiber composite material containing only the first carbon nanofibers. ) Also becomes smaller. Furthermore, the crosslinked carbon fiber composite material obtained in this way has a longer tear fatigue life than a carbon fiber composite material containing only the first carbon nanofibers.
- a compounding agent usually used for processing an elastomer can be added.
- a well-known thing can be used as a compounding agent.
- the compounding agent include a crosslinking agent, a vulcanizing agent, a vulcanization accelerator, a vulcanization retarder, a softening agent, a plasticizer, a curing agent, a reinforcing agent, a filler, an anti-aging agent, a colorant, and an acid acceptor.
- These compounding agents can be added to the elastomer at an appropriate time during the mixing process.
- Second step Next, the first carbon nanofibers (described as “MWCNT-1” in Table 1) having a mass part (phr) shown in Table 1 were added as a compounding agent. At this time, the roll gap was set to 1.5 mm.
- the roll gap was narrowed from 1.5 mm to 0.3 mm, and the first mixture was introduced and thinned. At this time, the surface speed ratio of the two rolls was set to 1.1. Thinning was repeated 10 times.
- the roll gap was narrowed from 1.5 mm to 0.3 mm, and the second mixture was introduced to make it thin. At this time, the surface speed ratio of the two rolls was set to 1.1. Thinning was repeated 10 times.
- Eighth step A roll was set in a predetermined gap (1.1 mm), a thin composite material was charged and dispensed to obtain an uncrosslinked elastomer composition.
- MWCNT-1 is the average diameter (value obtained by arithmetically averaging 200 measured values using scanning electron microscope imaging) 18 nm multi-walled carbon nanotube (first carbon nanofiber)
- MWCNT-2 is a 68 nm multi-wall carbon nanotube (second carbon nanofiber) having an average diameter (arithmetic average of measured values of 200 or more locations using scanning electron microscope imaging)
- FKM was a ternary FKM having a Mooney viscosity ML 1 + 4 of 121 ° C. (central value) 53.
- a peroxide as a crosslinking agent, a processing aid, and the like were blended.
- the blending ratios in Tables 1 to 6 are the mass ratio (phr) of each compounding agent to 100 parts by mass (phr) of elastomer and the volume ratio of each compounding agent when the carbon fiber composite material is 100% by volume ( vol%).
- the left indicates mass parts and the right indicates the volume ratio.
- Comparative Example 1 was a sample containing only the first carbon nanofiber (“MWCNT-1”), and was prepared by omitting the fifth to seventh steps.
- Example 1 (1-2) Measurement Using Pulse Method NMR
- the uncrosslinked sample of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was measured by the Hahn echo method using pulse method NMR. This measurement was performed using “JMN-MU25” manufactured by JEOL. The measurement is carried out under the conditions that the observation nucleus is 1 H, the resonance frequency is 25 MHz, the 90 ° pulse width is 2 ⁇ sec, and the decay curve is measured with the pulse sequence of the Hahn-echo method (90 ° x-Pi-180 ° y).
- the component fraction (fnn) of the composite material sample having the characteristic relaxation time at 150 ° C. (T2 / 150 ° C.) and the second spin spin relaxation time (T2nn / 150 ° C.) was measured.
- the uncrosslinked elastomer composition samples of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are in the range of 600 to 1000 ⁇ s, and the component fraction (fnn) of the component having the second spin-spin relaxation time (T2nn) is It was less than 0.2.
- Example 1 For the samples of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the tensile strength (TS (MPa)), elongation at break (Eb (%)), and stress at 50% deformation ( ⁇ 50 (MPa)) were measured according to JIS No. 6 dumbbell shape. The test piece punched out was measured by performing a tensile test based on JIS K6252 at 23 ⁇ 2 ° C. and a tensile speed of 500 mm / min using a tensile tester manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
- TS tensile strength
- Eb elongation at break
- ⁇ 50 stress at 50% deformation
- Table 1 shows the measurement results.
- Example 1 (1-4) Creep test
- the sample of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was subjected to a heat-resistant creep test for 15 hours under a load of 3 MPa at 200 ° C., and the creep instantaneous strain (%) and 1 hour of the steady creep period
- the creep rate per unit (ppm / h) was measured.
- the creep instantaneous strain is the elongation at the moment when a load of 3 MPa is applied.
- Example 1 Tear fatigue test
- the samples of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were punched into a strip-shaped test piece of 10 mm ⁇ 4 mm wide ⁇ 1 mm thick, and the depth in the width direction from the center of the long side of the test piece.
- a 1 mm incision was made, and a tensile load (0 N / mm to 2.5 N) was repeated using an SII TMA / SS6100 testing machine in an air atmosphere at 200 ° C., a maximum tensile stress of 2.5 N / mm, and a frequency of 1 Hz. / Mm), a tear fatigue test was performed, and the test piece was broken or the number of tensions up to 100,000 times (tear fatigue life (times)) was measured.
- times times
- the carbon fiber composite material sample of Example 1 has improved strength (TS) and rigidity ( ⁇ 50) while maintaining the same elongation at break (Eb) as compared with the sample of Comparative Example 1. It was. Further, from the results shown in Table 1, the carbon fiber composite material sample of Example 1 had a smaller creep instantaneous strain and creep rate and a longer tear fatigue life than the sample of Comparative Example 1.
- a focused ion beam apparatus (FIB) (JEM-9310FIB, JEOL Ltd., Japan) is used to cool to a thickness of about 100 nm. processed.
- FIB focused ion beam apparatus
- the sample processed to a thickness of 100 nm is tilted within an angle range of ⁇ 70 ° (1 ° interval) within the TEM.
- Transmission images were acquired at an angle.
- the acquired transmission image was reconstructed using a computer tomography (CT) method to obtain a three-dimensional image.
- CT computer tomography
- the three-dimensional image is shown in FIG.
- the white portion in FIG. 9 is a ternary fluorine-containing elastomer (denoted by reference numeral 30), the portion surrounded by the light-colored broken line is the cell structure aggregate 400, and the portion surrounded by the dark-colored broken line is the tie. Structure 500.
- a fibrous first carbon nanofiber 80 and an interface phase 30a shown as a light gray portion around the first carbon nanofiber 80 are observed. did it.
- Second step Next, parts by mass (phr) of the first carbon nanofibers (shown as “MWCNT-2” in Table 2) shown in Table 2 were added as compounding agents. At this time, the roll gap was set to 1.5 mm.
- the roll gap was narrowed from 1.5 mm to 0.3 mm, and the first mixture was introduced and thinned. At this time, the surface speed ratio of the two rolls was set to 1.1. Thinning was repeated 10 times.
- the roll gap was narrowed from 1.5 mm to 0.3 mm, and the second mixture was introduced to make it thin. At this time, the surface speed ratio of the two rolls was set to 1.1. Thinning was repeated 10 times.
- Eighth step A roll was set in a predetermined gap (1.1 mm), a thin composite material was charged and dispensed to obtain an uncrosslinked elastomer composition.
- MWCNT-1 is the average diameter (value obtained by arithmetically averaging 200 or more measured values using scanning electron microscope imaging) 18 nm multi-walled carbon nanotube (first carbon nanofiber)
- MWCNT-2 is a 68 nm multi-wall carbon nanotube (second carbon nanofiber) having an average diameter (arithmetic average of measured values of 200 or more locations using scanning electron microscope imaging)
- FKM was a ternary FKM having a Mooney viscosity ML 1 + 4 of 121 ° C. (central value) 53.
- a peroxide as a crosslinking agent, a processing aid, and the like were compounded.
- Comparative Example 2 was a sample containing only the first carbon nanofiber (“MWCNT-2”), and was prepared by omitting the fifth to seventh steps.
- Example 2 (2-2) Measurement Using Pulse Method NMR
- the uncrosslinked samples of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 were measured by the Hahn echo method using pulse method NMR. This measurement was performed using “JMN-MU25” manufactured by JEOL. The measurement is carried out under the conditions that the observation nucleus is 1 H, the resonance frequency is 25 MHz, the 90 ° pulse width is 2 ⁇ sec, and the decay curve is measured with the pulse sequence of the Hahn-echo method (90 ° x-Pi-180 ° y).
- the component fraction (fnn) of the composite material sample having the characteristic relaxation time at 150 ° C. (T2 / 150 ° C.) and the second spin spin relaxation time (T2nn / 150 ° C.) was measured.
- the uncrosslinked elastomer composition samples of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 are in the range of 600 to 1000 ⁇ s, and the component fraction (fnn) of the component having the second spin-spin relaxation time (T2nn) is It was less than 0.2.
- Example 2 For the samples of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, the tensile strength (TS (MPa)), elongation at break (Eb (%)), and stress at the time of 50% deformation ( ⁇ 50 (MPa)) were measured according to JIS No. 6 dumbbell shape. The test piece punched out was measured by performing a tensile test based on JIS K6252 at 23 ⁇ 2 ° C. and a tensile speed of 500 mm / min using a tensile tester manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
- TS tensile strength
- Eb elongation at break
- ⁇ 50 stress at the time of 50% deformation
- Example 2 Tear Fatigue Test The samples of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 were subjected to a tear fatigue test in the same manner as in (1-5) above. Fatigue life (times) was measured. These results are shown in Table 2.
- the carbon fiber composite material sample of Example 2 has improved strength (TS) and rigidity ( ⁇ 50) while maintaining the same elongation at break (Eb) as compared with the sample of Comparative Example 2. It was. In addition, from the results shown in Table 2, the carbon fiber composite material sample of Example 2 had a smaller creep instantaneous strain and creep rate and a longer tear fatigue life than the sample of Comparative Example 2.
- Examples 3 to 6 (3-1) Sample preparation First step: An open roll having a roll diameter of 6 inches (roll temperature: 10 to 20 ° C.) is mixed with 100 parts by mass (phr) of the ternary system shown in Table 3 to Table 6. A fluoroelastomer (indicated as “FKM” in Tables 3 to 6) was charged and wound around a roll.
- FKM fluoroelastomer
- Second step Next, as a compounding agent, the first carbon nanofibers having a mass part (phr) shown in Table 3 to Table 6 (“MWCNT-1” in Table 3, “SWCNT-1” in Table 4, 5 was described as “MWCNT-2” and Table 6 as “SWCNT-1”). At this time, the roll gap was set to 1.5 mm.
- the roll gap was narrowed from 1.5 mm to 0.3 mm, and the first mixture was introduced and thinned. At this time, the surface speed ratio of the two rolls was set to 1.1. Thinning was repeated 10 times.
- the roll gap was narrowed from 1.5 mm to 0.3 mm, and the second mixture was introduced to make it thin. At this time, the surface speed ratio of the two rolls was set to 1.1. Thinning was repeated 10 times.
- Eighth step A roll was set in a predetermined gap (1.1 mm), a thin composite material was charged and dispensed to obtain an uncrosslinked elastomer composition.
- MWCNT-1 is a multi-walled carbon nanotube having an average diameter (value obtained by arithmetically averaging 200 measured values using an image of a scanning electron microscope) of 18 nm.
- -2 is a 68 nm multi-walled carbon nanotube (average value of 200 or more measured values using scanning electron microscope imaging)
- SWCNT-1 is an average diameter (scanning electron microscope) (A value obtained by arithmetically averaging the measured values of 200 or more locations using the imaging of 5 nm) is a single-walled carbon nanotube of 5 nm
- FKM is a ternary FKM with Mooney viscosity ML 1 + 4 121 ° C.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are the same as Tables 1 and 2, and Comparative Example 3 is a sample in which only “SWCNT-1” is blended as the first carbon nanofiber. Created by omitting the process.
- Example 3-6 and Comparative Example 1-3 the tensile strength (TS (MPa)), elongation at break (Eb (%)), and stress at 50% deformation ( ⁇ 50 (MPa)) were measured according to JIS No. 6
- the test pieces punched out into a dumbbell shape were measured by performing a tensile test based on JIS K6252 at 23 ⁇ 2 ° C. and a tensile speed of 500 mm / min using a tensile tester manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
- Example 3-6 Tear fatigue test Samples of Example 3-6 and Comparative Example 1-3 were subjected to a tear fatigue test in the same manner as in (1-5) above, and the test piece was broken or up to 100,000 times. The number of tensions (tear fatigue life (times)) was measured. These results are shown in Table 3-6.
- the carbon fiber composite material sample of Example 3 has improved strength (TS) and rigidity ( ⁇ 50) while maintaining the same elongation at break (Eb) as compared with the sample of Comparative Example 1. It was. In addition, from the results in Table 3, the carbon fiber composite material sample of Example 3 had a smaller creep instantaneous strain and creep rate than the sample of Comparative Example 1, and a longer tear fatigue life.
- the carbon fiber composite material sample of Example 4 has improved strength (TS) and rigidity ( ⁇ 50) while maintaining the same elongation at break (Eb) as compared with the sample of Comparative Example 3. It was. From the results shown in Table 4, the carbon fiber composite material sample of Example 4 had a smaller creep instantaneous strain and creep rate and a longer tear fatigue life than the sample of Comparative Example 3.
- the carbon fiber composite material sample of Example 5 has improved strength (TS) and rigidity ( ⁇ 50) while maintaining the same elongation at break (Eb) as compared with the sample of Comparative Example 2. It was. In addition, from the results shown in Table 5, the carbon fiber composite material sample of Example 5 had a smaller creep instantaneous strain and creep rate and a longer tear fatigue life than the sample of Comparative Example 2.
- the carbon fiber composite material sample of Example 6 has improved strength (TS) and rigidity ( ⁇ 50) while maintaining the same elongation at break (Eb) as compared with the sample of Comparative Example 3. It was. From the results shown in Table 6, the carbon fiber composite material sample of Example 6 had a smaller creep instantaneous strain and creep rate than the sample of Comparative Example 3, and a longer tear fatigue life.
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Abstract
Description
第1のカーボンナノファイバー及びその界面相がエラストマーを囲むことによって形成されたセル構造と、
セル構造が複数集合したセル構造集合体と、
セル構造集合体同士を接続するタイ構造と、
を含み、
タイ構造は、単数もしくは複数の第1のカーボンナノファイバーと、単数もしくは複数の第2のカーボンナノファイバーと、それらの周囲に形成されるエラストマーからなる界面相によって形成されることを特徴とする。
前記第1のカーボンナノファイバーは、平均直径が0.5nm以上500nm以下であり、
前記セル構造集合体は、平均径が0.02μm~30μmであり、
前記タイ構造は、平均直径が5nm~10μmであることができる。
前記第1のカーボンナノファイバーは、平均直径が0.5nm以上40nm以下であって、前記エラストマー100質量部に対して5質量部~40質量部含み、
前記第2のカーボンナノファイバーは、平均直径が60nm以上100nm以下であることができる。
前記セル構造集合体は、平均径が0.02μm~2μmであり、
前記タイ構造は、平均直径が65nm~2μmであることができる。
前記第1のカーボンナノファイバーは、平均直径が60nm以上100nm以下であって、前記エラストマー100質量部に対して20質量部~60質量部含み、
前記第2のカーボンナノファイバーは、平均直径が0.5nm以上40nm以下であることができる。
前記セル構造集合体は、平均径が3μm~10μmであり、
前記タイ構造は、平均直径が65nm~2μmであることができる。
エラストマーに第1のカーボンナノファイバーを混合した後、ロール間隔が0.5mm以下のオープンロールを用いて、0℃ないし50℃で薄通しを行って複合エラストマーを得る工程(a)と、
さらに、前記複合エラストマーに第2のカーボンナノファイバーを混合した後、ロール間隔が0.5mm以下のオープンロールを用いて、0℃ないし50℃で薄通しを行って炭素繊維複合材料を得る工程(b)と、
を含むことを特徴とする。
前記工程(a)は、平均直径が0.5nm以上40nm以下の前記第1のカーボンナノファイバーを前記エラストマー100質量部に対して5質量部~40質量部配合し、
前記工程(b)は、平均直径が60nm以上100nm以下の前記第2のカーボンナノファイバーを配合することができる。
前記工程(a)は、平均直径が以下60nm以上100nm以下の前記第1のカーボンナノファイバーを前記エラストマー100質量部に対して20質量部~60質量部配合し、
前記工程(b)は、平均直径が0.5nm以上40nmの前記第2のカーボンナノファイバーを配合することができる。
図1~図3は、一実施の形態に係る炭素繊維複合材料の製造方法の工程(a)を模式的に示す図である。図4~図5は、一実施の形態に係る炭素繊維複合材料の製造方法の工程(b)を模式的に示す図である。図6は、セル構造を模式的に示す図である。図7は、セル・タイ構造を模式的に示す図である。図8は、一実施の形態に係る炭素繊維複合材料のセル・タイ構造を模式的に示す図である。
工程(a)におけるエラストマーに第1のカーボンナノファイバーを混合する工程は、例えば、図1~図3に示すように2本ロールのオープンロール2を用いて行うことができる。オープンロール2における第1のロール10と第2のロール20とは、所定の間隔d、例えば0.5mm~1.5mmの間隔で配置され、矢印で示す方向に回転速度V1,V2で正転あるいは逆転で回転する。
図6に示すように、複合エラストマー50は、第1のカーボンナノファイバー80及びその界面相30aがエラストマー30を囲むことによって形成された小さなセル(cell)構造300が多数形成されている。界面相30aは、エラストマー30と第1のカーボンナノファイバー80との界面を含む第1のカーボンナノファイバー80の周囲に形成される、いわゆるバウンドラバーのようなものである。バウンドラバーは、エラストマーに補強材としてのカーボンブラックを配合した際に、カーボンブラックの周囲に形成されるエラストマーとカーボンブラックの両者の相互作用により分子運動の影響を受けている高分子鎖のことである。また、界面相30aは、未架橋体の複合エラストマー50を例えばトルエンなどの溶剤に浸漬した際に、エラストマー30は溶出するが、第1のカーボンナノファイバーの周囲にそのまま残るエラストマーの部分であると定義することができる。
工程(b)は、複合エラストマーに第2のカーボンナノファイバーを混合して炭素繊維複合材料を得る工程である。工程(b)は、例えば、図4~図5に示すようにオープンロール2を用いて行うことができる。オープンロール2については、図1~図3と同じであるので、同じ符号を用いて、説明は省略する。
図8に示すように、このようにして得られた炭素繊維複合材料60は、第1のカーボンナノファイバー80及びその界面相30aがエラストマー30を囲むことによって形成されたセル構造300と、セル構造300が複数集合したセル構造集合体400と、セル構造集合体400同士を接続するタイ構造510と、含む。タイ構造510は、単数もしくは複数の第1のカーボンナノファイバー80と、単数もしくは複数の第2のカーボンナノファイバー90と、それらの周囲に形成されるエラストマーからなる界面相30aと、によって形成される。炭素繊維複合材料60における第2のカーボンナノファイバー90は、タイ構造500(図7を参照。)の第1のカーボンナノファイバー80の近くに存在してタイ構造500(図7を参照。)を補強するようにタイ構造510の一部を構成する。
第1のカーボンナノファイバー80及び第2のカーボンナノファイバー90は、平均直径が0.5nm以上500nm以下であることができ、さらに平均直径が0.5nm以上250nm以下であることができ、特に平均直径が0.5nm以上100nm以下であることができる。第1のカーボンナノファイバー80及び第2のカーボンナノファイバー90の平均直径が0.5nm以上500nm以下であると市場で入手可能であり、本実施の形態で加工可能である。第1のカーボンナノファイバー80及び第2のカーボンナノファイバー90としては、例えば、平均直径が0.5nm以上6nm以下のカーボンナノファイバー、平均直径が9nm以上40nm以下のカーボンナノファイバー、及び平均直径が60nm以上500nm以下のカーボンナノファイバーの中から選択して用いることができる。平均直径が0.5nm以上6nm以下のカーボンナノファイバーは、さらに2nm以上6nm以下の平均直径であることができる。平均直径が9nm以上40nm以下のカーボンナノファイバーは、さらに9nm以上20nm以下の平均直径であることができる。平均直径が60nm以上500nm以下のカーボンナノファイバーは、さらに60nm以上100nm以下の平均直径であることができる。
第1のカーボンナノファイバー80は、第2のカーボンナノファイバー90よりも細い平均直径を有することができる。
第1のカーボンナノファイバー80は、第2のカーボンナノファイバー90よりも太い平均直径を有することができる。
工程(a)に用いるエラストマーは、主鎖、側鎖および末端鎖の少なくともひとつに、第1のカーボンナノファイバーの末端のラジカルに対して親和性を有する不飽和結合または基を有するか、もしくは、このようなラジカルまたは基を生成しやすい性質を有することができる。かかる不飽和結合または基としては、二重結合、三重結合、カルボニル基、カルボキシル基、水酸基、アミノ基、ニトリル基、ケトン基、アミド基、エポキシ基、エステル基、ビニル基、ハロゲン基、ウレタン基、ビューレット基、アロファネート基および尿素基などの官能基から選択される少なくともひとつであることができる。
炭素繊維複合材料は、パルス法NMRを用いてハーンエコー法によって150℃、観測核が1Hで測定した、無架橋体における、第1のスピン-スピン緩和時間(T2n)は100~3000μ秒であり、第2のスピン-スピン緩和時間を有する成分の成分分率(fnn)は0~0.2であることができる。炭素繊維複合材料は、第2のスピン-スピン緩和時間(T2nn)を有する成分の成分分率(fnn)は複合エラストマーよりも少なくなる。
このようにして得られた架橋した炭素繊維複合材料は、柔軟性を維持したまま高い強度と高い剛性とを備えることができる。また、炭素繊維複合材料は、高い耐熱性を有すると共に、柔軟性と耐摩耗性とを備えることができる。
第1の工程:ロール径が6インチのオープンロール(ロール温度10~20℃)に、表1に示す100質量部(phr)の3元系の含フッ素エラストマー(表1では「FKM」と記載した)を投入して、ロールに巻き付かせた。
未架橋体の実施例1及び比較例1のサンプルについて、パルス法NMRを用いてハーンエコー法による測定を行った。この測定は、日本電子(株)製「JMN-MU25」を用いて行った。測定は、観測核が1H、共鳴周波数が25MHz、90゜パルス幅が2μsecの条件で行い、ハーンエコー法のパルスシーケンス(90゜x-Pi-180゜y)にて、減衰曲線を測定し、複合材料サンプルの150℃における特性緩和時間(T2/150℃)及び第2のスピンスピン緩和時間(T2nn/150℃)を有する成分の成分分率(fnn)を測定した。実施例1及び比較例1の未架橋体のエラストマー組成物サンプルは、600ないし1000μ秒の範囲内であり、第2のスピン-スピン緩和時間(T2nn)を有する成分の成分分率(fnn)は0.2未満であった。
実施例1及び比較例1のサンプルについて、ゴム硬度(Hs(JIS A))をJIS K6253試験に基づいて測定した。
実施例1及び比較例1のサンプルについて、200℃で3MPaの負荷をかけ、15時間の耐熱クリープ試験を行ない、クリープ瞬間ひずみ(%)と、定常クリープ期の1時間当たりのクリープ率(ppm/h)と、を測定した。クリープ瞬間ひずみは、3MPaの負荷をかけた瞬間の伸びである。クリープ率は、クリープ瞬間ひずみの後かつ加速クリープ期の前の定常クリープ期における1時間当たりのひずみ変化量(1ppm=0.0001%)である。これらの結果を表1に示した。
実施例1及び比較例1のサンプルを、10mm×幅4mm×厚さ1mmの短冊状の試験片に打ち抜き、その試験片の長辺の中心から幅方向へ深さ1mmの切込みを入れ、SII社製TMA/SS6100試験機を用いて、大気雰囲気中、200℃、最大引張応力2.5N/mm、周波数1Hzの条件で繰り返し引っ張り荷重(0N/mm~2.5N/mm)をかけて引裂き疲労試験を行い、試験片が破断するかあるいは10万回までの引張回数(引裂疲労寿命(回))を測定した。なお、引張回数が10万回になっても破断しなかった場合には、表には「100,000(中断)」と記載した。これらの結果を表1に示した。
比較例1のサンプルを透過型電子顕微鏡(以下、「TEM」という。)で観察し、3次元像を得た。
第1の工程:ロール径が6インチのオープンロール(ロール温度10~20℃)に、表2に示す100質量部(phr)の3元系の含フッ素エラストマー(表2では「FKM」と記載した)を投入して、ロールに巻き付かせた。
未架橋体の実施例2及び比較例2のサンプルについて、パルス法NMRを用いてハーンエコー法による測定を行った。この測定は、日本電子(株)製「JMN-MU25」を用いて行った。測定は、観測核が1H、共鳴周波数が25MHz、90゜パルス幅が2μsecの条件で行い、ハーンエコー法のパルスシーケンス(90゜x-Pi-180゜y)にて、減衰曲線を測定し、複合材料サンプルの150℃における特性緩和時間(T2/150℃)及び第2のスピンスピン緩和時間(T2nn/150℃)を有する成分の成分分率(fnn)を測定した。実施例2及び比較例2の未架橋体のエラストマー組成物サンプルは、600ないし1000μ秒の範囲内であり、第2のスピン-スピン緩和時間(T2nn)を有する成分の成分分率(fnn)は0.2未満であった。
実施例2及び比較例2のサンプルについて、ゴム硬度(Hs(JIS A))をJIS K6253試験に基づいて測定した。
実施例2及び比較例2のサンプルについて、前記(1-4)と同様にクリープ瞬間ひずみ(%)と、定常クリープ期の1時間当たりのクリープ率(ppm/h)と、を測定した。これらの結果を表2に示した。
実施例2及び比較例2のサンプルを、前記(1-5)と同様に引裂き疲労試験を行い、試験片が破断するかあるいは10万回までの引張回数(引裂疲労寿命(回))を測定した。これらの結果を表2に示した。
(3-1)サンプルの作製
第1の工程:ロール径が6インチのオープンロール(ロール温度10~20℃)に、表3-表6に示す100質量部(phr)の3元系の含フッ素エラストマー(表3-表6では「FKM」と記載した)を投入して、ロールに巻き付かせた。
実施例3-6及び比較例1-3のサンプルについて、ゴム硬度(Hs(JIS A))をJIS K6253試験に基づいて測定した。
実施例3-6及び比較例1-3のサンプルについて、前記(1-4)と同様にクリープ瞬間ひずみ(%)と、定常クリープ期の1時間当たりのクリープ率(ppm/h)と、を測定した。これらの結果を表3-6に示した。
実施例3-6及び比較例1-3のサンプルを、前記(1-5)と同様に引裂き疲労試験を行い、試験片が破断するかあるいは10万回までの引張回数(引裂疲労寿命(回))を測定した。これらの結果を表3-6に示した。
Claims (9)
- 第1のカーボンナノファイバー及びその界面相がエラストマーを囲むことによって形成されたセル構造と、
セル構造が複数集合したセル構造集合体と、
セル構造集合体同士を接続するタイ構造と、
を含み、
タイ構造は、単数もしくは複数の第1のカーボンナノファイバーと、単数もしくは複数の第2のカーボンナノファイバーと、それらの周囲に形成されるエラストマーからなる界面相によって形成される、炭素繊維複合材料。 - 請求項1において、
前記第1のカーボンナノファイバーは、平均直径が0.5nm以上500nm以下であり、
前記セル構造集合体は、平均径が0.02μm~30μmであり、
前記タイ構造は、平均直径が5nm~10μmである、炭素繊維複合材料。 - 請求項1または2において、
前記第1のカーボンナノファイバーは、平均直径が0.5nm以上40nm以下であって、前記エラストマー100質量部に対して5質量部~40質量部含み、
前記第2のカーボンナノファイバーは、平均直径が60nm以上100nm以下である、炭素繊維複合材料。 - 請求項3において、
前記セル構造集合体は、平均径が0.02μm~2μmであり、
前記タイ構造は、平均直径が65nm~2μmである、炭素繊維複合材料。 - 請求項1または2において、
前記第1のカーボンナノファイバーは、平均直径が60nm以上100nm以下であって、前記エラストマー100質量部に対して20質量部~60質量部含み、
前記第2のカーボンナノファイバーは、平均直径が0.5nm以上40nm以下である、炭素繊維複合材料。 - 請求項5において、
前記セル構造集合体は、平均径が3μm~10μmであり、
前記タイ構造は、平均直径が65nm~2μmである、炭素繊維複合材料。 - エラストマーに第1のカーボンナノファイバーを混合した後、ロール間隔が0.5mm以下のオープンロールを用いて、0℃ないし50℃で薄通しを行って複合エラストマーを得る工程(a)と、
さらに、前記複合エラストマーに第2のカーボンナノファイバーを混合した後、ロール間隔が0.5mm以下のオープンロールを用いて、0℃ないし50℃で薄通しを行って炭素繊維複合材料を得る工程(b)と、
を含む、炭素繊維複合材料の製造方法。 - 請求項7において、
前記工程(a)は、平均直径が0.5nm以上40nm以下の前記第1のカーボンナノファイバーを前記エラストマー100質量部に対して5質量部~40質量部配合し、
前記工程(b)は、平均直径が60nm以上100nm以下の前記第2のカーボンナノファイバーを配合する、炭素繊維複合材料の製造方法。 - 請求項7において、
前記工程(a)は、平均直径が以下60nm以上100nm以下の前記第1のカーボンナノファイバーを前記エラストマー100質量部に対して20質量部~60質量部配合し、
前記工程(b)は、平均直径が0.5nm以上40nmの前記第2のカーボンナノファイバーを配合する、炭素繊維複合材料の製造方法。
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CN105046076A (zh) * | 2015-07-13 | 2015-11-11 | 西安交通大学 | 层叠碳纤维复合材料的三层单胞结构微观力学性能计算方法 |
WO2017175807A1 (ja) * | 2016-04-07 | 2017-10-12 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 含フッ素エラストマー組成物および成形体 |
KR20180133246A (ko) * | 2016-04-07 | 2018-12-13 | 니폰 제온 가부시키가이샤 | 불소 함유 엘라스토머 조성물 및 성형체 |
JPWO2017175807A1 (ja) * | 2016-04-07 | 2019-02-14 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 含フッ素エラストマー組成物および成形体 |
US10982083B2 (en) | 2016-04-07 | 2021-04-20 | Zeon Corporation | Fluorinated elastomer composition and shaped article |
KR102285902B1 (ko) | 2016-04-07 | 2021-08-03 | 니폰 제온 가부시키가이샤 | 불소 함유 엘라스토머 조성물 및 성형체 |
JP7056556B2 (ja) | 2016-04-07 | 2022-04-19 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 含フッ素エラストマー組成物および成形体 |
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KR102240635B1 (ko) | 2017-10-18 | 2021-04-15 | 다이킨 고교 가부시키가이샤 | 가교성 엘라스토머 조성물 및 불소 고무 성형품 |
WO2020195799A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-10-01 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | エラストマー組成物および成形体 |
Also Published As
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EP2930202A4 (en) | 2016-08-10 |
US10059831B2 (en) | 2018-08-28 |
JP6236400B2 (ja) | 2017-11-22 |
US20150329705A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 |
JPWO2014088005A1 (ja) | 2017-01-05 |
EP2930202A1 (en) | 2015-10-14 |
EP2930202B1 (en) | 2020-03-25 |
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