WO2014080449A1 - 半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014080449A1 WO2014080449A1 PCT/JP2012/080031 JP2012080031W WO2014080449A1 WO 2014080449 A1 WO2014080449 A1 WO 2014080449A1 JP 2012080031 W JP2012080031 W JP 2012080031W WO 2014080449 A1 WO2014080449 A1 WO 2014080449A1
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- H10W76/10—Containers or parts thereof
- H10W76/12—Containers or parts thereof characterised by their shape
- H10W76/13—Containers comprising a conductive base serving as an interconnection
- H10W76/138—Containers comprising a conductive base serving as an interconnection having another interconnection being formed by a cover plate parallel to the conductive base, e.g. sandwich type
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- H10W72/07355—Connecting or disconnecting of die-attach connectors characterised by changes in properties of the die-attach connectors during connecting changes in materials
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- H10W72/352—Materials of die-attach connectors comprising metals or metalloids, e.g. solders
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- H10W90/756—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts of bond wires between a chip and a stacked lead frame, conducting package substrate or heat sink
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor device.
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor device in which a semiconductor element is molded with resin, and the semiconductor element is bonded to a lead frame exposed on the mold surface.
- a semiconductor device may be referred to as a semiconductor card or a semiconductor package.
- a semiconductor device in which a semiconductor element that handles a large current is molded with resin may be used (see, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-179655).
- a typical example of such a semiconductor element is a transistor used in a switching circuit.
- a lump of resin molded with a semiconductor element may be referred to as a “resin mold body”.
- the resin mold body is formed by injection molding.
- Metal plates called lead frames are attached to both sides of the resin mold body.
- the semiconductor elements inside the resin mold are joined to the respective lead frames.
- the lead frame may be used as an electrode or may be used as a simple heat sink.
- a solder material is typically used for joining the lead frame and the semiconductor element.
- materials other than the solder material such as Ni nanoparticles, may be used for bonding.
- a material for bonding the lead frame and the semiconductor element is referred to as a bonding material.
- the reason why the semiconductor element is molded with resin is to protect the semiconductor element from external dust and moisture and to suppress fatigue deterioration of the bonding material that joins the semiconductor element and the lead frame. Since the semiconductor element and the lead frame have different coefficients of thermal expansion, stress is repeatedly applied to the bonding material in the thermal cycle generated by the semiconductor element. By molding a part of the lead frame and the semiconductor element with resin, deformation of the semiconductor element and the lead frame is suppressed. As a result, stress applied to the bonding material is suppressed, and fatigue deterioration of the bonding material is suppressed.
- ⁇ Fatigue degradation proceeds little by little even if molded with resin. If the fatigue deterioration progresses to a considerable extent, cracks may occur in the bonding material bonding the semiconductor elements. Cracks generated in the bonding material in contact with the semiconductor element may adversely affect the semiconductor element. Therefore, the present specification provides a technique for reducing the influence of the occurrence of cracks on a semiconductor element even if fatigue deterioration progresses as the possibility of cracks occurring in the bonding material increases.
- a metal spacer is disposed between the semiconductor element and the lead frame. Then, the semiconductor element and the metal spacer are bonded with the first bonding material, and the metal spacer and the lead frame are bonded with the second bonding material.
- a material whose strength is lower than that of the first bonding material is used for the second bonding material.
- the metal spacer may be a conductive metal block or a metal plate.
- the technology disclosed in the present specification is such that a relatively fragile joint is provided between the semiconductor element and the lead frame at a portion not in contact with the semiconductor element, and a crack is first generated there. To do. By doing so, the joint portion in contact with the semiconductor element is protected, and as a result, the influence of cracks caused by fatigue deterioration on the semiconductor element is reduced.
- a material having lower strength than the first bonding material is used as the second bonding material.
- “strength” means strength against stress concentration, and can be physically defined by one of two different indexes.
- One definition is a definition based on a predicted life based on a predetermined standard. The expected life can be determined by a durability test or simulation. For example, a test in which a load is repeatedly applied under predetermined temperature conditions and load conditions is performed, and the higher the number of repetitions until a crack occurs, the higher the strength of the bonding material. Since there is no durability test common to all semiconductor devices, the test conditions are determined according to the environment in which the semiconductor device is used.
- yield stress is a definition based on the magnitude of yield strength (yield stress). It can be specified that the higher the yield strength, the higher the strength of the bonding material. In addition, in the case of a metal whose yield strength cannot be determined, 0.2% proof stress may be used as an alternative to yield strength. “0.2% yield strength” is determined by the stress when the amount of strain reaches 0.2% for a metal having no clear yield point. For metals that do not have a clear yield point, adopting a 0.2% yield strength value as a substitute for yield strength is a widely used technique in the field of material mechanics. In this specification, “0.2% proof stress” is also treated as one of “yield strength”.
- the predicted life for example, the result of the durability test
- the yield strength is adopted as the “strength” depending on the environment in which the semiconductor device is used. In an environment where an average cyclic stress with little fluctuation is continuously applied, it is preferable to determine the strength based on the predicted life. On the other hand, when the stress fluctuation is relatively large and there is a high possibility that the bonding material is damaged by a large stress once (or several degrees) without passing a long time, it is preferable to determine the strength by the yield stress. Alternatively, it is also preferable to determine the strength by setting a special evaluation function that combines the predicted life and the yield strength.
- strength there is no single standard for “strength”, and “strength” in the technology disclosed in this specification is not limited to a specific standard.
- the technical idea disclosed in the present specification is to select, as the second bonding material, a substance that is likely to break before the first bonding material with respect to repetitive stress caused by the heat of the semiconductor element.
- the first and second bonding materials may be different kinds of solder materials or bonding materials other than the solder materials.
- bonding materials including solder materials are collectively referred to as “die bonds”.
- die bonds include nickel nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles.
- the bonding material may be an insert material in diffusion bonding. That is, in the case of diffusion bonding, the bonding portion itself in which the insert material is diffused can be included in the “bonding material” in the present specification.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a semiconductor device according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. It is a graph which shows the example of the yield strength (0.2% yield strength) of the 1st joining material, the 2nd joining material, and the surface electrode of an element. It is sectional drawing of the semiconductor device of 2nd Example. It is sectional drawing of the semiconductor device of 3rd Example.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the semiconductor device 2 of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG.
- the semiconductor device 2 is used, for example, in an inverter switching circuit that supplies current to a traveling motor of an electric vehicle.
- the semiconductor device 2 has a configuration in which the transistor 3 is molded with resin.
- the transistor 3 is a MOS transistor using an IGBT or a SiC substrate, for example.
- the transistor 3 corresponds to an example of a semiconductor element.
- an epoxy-based high-strength material is used as the resin for molding the transistor 3.
- the entire resin molding the transistor 3 is referred to as a resin mold body 13.
- the resin mold body 13 is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and lead frames 8a and 8b (electrode plates) are fixed to the two widest surfaces. As shown well in FIG. 2, half of the lead frames 8 a and 8 b are embedded in the resin mold body 13 in the thickness direction.
- the lead frames 8a and 8b are conductors (metals) and are connected to the emitter and collector (or the drain and source) of the transistor 3. The emitter and collector of the transistor 3 are exposed on the surface of the transistor 3.
- the conductive portion exposed on the surface of the transistor 3 may be referred to as a surface electrode.
- the lead frames 8a and 8b correspond to electrode terminals of the transistor 3 for connecting to external devices.
- the control electrode 19 of the transistor 3 extends from the resin mold body 13. Since a large current flows through the lead frames 8a and 8b leading to the emitter and the collector, a large metal plate (lead frame) is used for these electrodes, and a large current does not flow through the control electrode 19 leading to the gate. A thin metal rod is used.
- one surface (surface electrode) corresponding to the emitter (or collector) of the transistor 3 is bonded to the lead frame 8b via the first solder material 5.
- Another surface (surface electrode) corresponding to the collector (or emitter) of the transistor 3 is joined to one surface of the metal spacer 4 via the first solder material 5.
- the other surface of the metal spacer 4 is joined to the other lead frame 8 a via the second solder material 6.
- the metal spacer 4 is located between the lead frame 8a and the transistor 3, and is joined to the transistor 3 by the first solder material 5 on one surface thereof, and is opposite to the one surface.
- the other surface is joined to the lead frame 8 a by the second solder material 6.
- the strength of the second solder material 6 is lower than the strength of the first solder material 5.
- the metal spacer 4 is inserted between the transistor 3 and the lead frame 8a in order to use a solder material at a portion not in contact with the transistor 3. Then, the second solder material 6 having low strength is used in a place where it does not contact the transistor 3.
- the metal spacer 4 also plays a role of filling the distance therebetween.
- the metal spacer 4 is a conductive metal block or a metal plate.
- the solder material at each location can also be referred to as a joint that joins materials on both sides of the solder material.
- Sn-Cu solder material is known as a material having a relatively low 0.2% proof stress.
- the Sn—Cu solder material is an alloy containing tin (Sn) as a main component and copper (Cu) in a trace amount to about 0.7 (% by weight).
- Candidates for the first solder material 5 include, for example, Sn—Sb solder material and Zn—Al solder material.
- the Sn—Sb solder material is an alloy containing tin (Sn) as a main component and containing about 5 to 13 (% by weight) of antimony (Sb).
- the Zn—Al solder material is an alloy containing zinc (Zn) as a main component and aluminum (Al) in an amount of about 4 to 6 (% by weight).
- the 0.2% yield strength of the Sn—Sb solder material and the Zn—Al solder material are both higher than the 0.2% yield strength of the Sn—Cu solder material.
- FIG. 3 is a graph schematically showing the difference in 0.2% proof stress between the surface electrode of the transistor 3 and the solder material.
- the surface electrode of the transistor 3 is an electrode exposed on the surface of the chip of the transistor 3.
- the surface electrode is typically made of an AlSi alloy (aluminum-silicon alloy).
- the vertical axis is 0.2% proof stress
- the horizontal axis is temperature.
- Graph G1 shows the 0.2% proof stress of the first solder material (Sn—Sb solder material or Zn—Al solder material)
- Graph G2 shows the 0.2% proof stress of the surface electrode
- Graph G3 Indicates the 0.2% proof stress of the second solder material (Sn—Cu solder material).
- the 0.2% proof stress decreases with increasing temperature, but always satisfies the relationship of first solder material> surface electrode> second solder material. (In the technology disclosed in this specification, the surface electrode> the first solder material> the second solder material may be used.)
- the strength of the second solder material is the lowest at any temperature. This indicates that the second solder material is most deteriorated most frequently and the crack is most likely to occur as the heat cycle is repeated. Note that the thermal cycle is generated by the heat generated by the transistor 3 while the semiconductor device is used for a long time.
- a crack is first generated in the second solder material 6 having a low strength, that is, a joint portion between the metal spacer 4 and the lead frame 8a.
- the electrical resistance between the metal spacer 4 and the lead frame 8a increases. Therefore, the performance of the semiconductor device 2 decreases.
- the transistor 3 is not affected by cracks, and the transistor 3 is not destroyed.
- the transistor 3 and the metal spacer 4 are stacked with two kinds of solder materials 5 and 6 and bonded between the two lead frames 8 a and 8 b.
- the transistor 3 When the transistor 3 generates heat, stress is generated in each component according to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the transistor and the lead frame. If a crack occurs in the joint between the metal spacer 4 and the lead frame 8a, that is, the second solder material 6, the joining force is reduced, and the metal spacer 4 and the lead frame 8a are relatively easily displaced. If it does so, the shift
- metal spacers 4a and 4b are arranged on both sides of the transistor 3, respectively.
- the transistor 3 is bonded to the metal spacer 4 a (4 b) via the first solder material 5, and the second solder material 6 is connected to the opposite side of the metal spacer 4 a (4 b).
- the lead frame 8a (8b) is joined.
- the lead frames 8a and 8b are fixed to both sides of the resin mold body 13, and the lead frames 8a and 8b and the metal spacers 4a and 4b are respectively connected to the second bonding material 6.
- the transistor 3 is disposed between the two metal spacers 4a and 4b, and each of the two metal spacers 4a and 4b is bonded to the transistor 3 via the first solder material 5.
- the junction between the lead frame 8 a and the metal spacer 4 a (second solder material 6) and the junction between the lead frame 8 b and the metal spacer 4 b (second solder material 6) The strength is lower than the joints (first solder material 5) on both sides. Therefore, cracks may occur earlier at the junction between the lead frame 8a and the metal spacer 4a or at the junction between the lead frame 8b and the metal spacer 4b than the junction on both sides of the transistor 3.
- two low-strength junctions are provided, so that cracks are less likely to occur on both sides of the transistor 3.
- a metal spacer 4 is bonded to a lead frame 8 b via a second solder material 6, and a transistor 3 is bonded to the metal spacer 4 via a first solder material 5.
- the metal spacer 4 is disposed and joined between the transistor 3 and the lead frame 8b.
- the transistor 3 and another lead frame 8 a are electrically connected by wire bonding 15.
- the transistor 3 and the metal spacer 4 are molded with resin on the lead frame 8b.
- the lead frame 8a is a thin plate-like metal rod, one end of which is embedded in the resin, and the other end is exposed from the resin.
- the metal spacer 4 is disposed between the lead frame 8b and the transistor 3, and the metal spacer 4 and the transistor 3 are joined by the first solder material 5, and the metal spacer 4 and the lead frame are connected. 8 b is joined by the second solder material 6. Therefore, cracks are likely to occur at the junction between the metal spacer 4 and the lead frame 8b before the junction between the transistor 3 and the metal spacer 4, and the occurrence of a crack at a position in contact with the transistor 3 is suppressed.
- the semiconductor device 2b of the third embodiment has the same advantages as the semiconductor devices 2 and 2a described above.
- the first solder material 5 is an example of a first bonding material
- the second solder material 6 is an example of a second bonding material.
- 0.2% proof stress was used as a reference for the strength of the bonding material (solder material).
- the strength standard is not limited to 0.2% yield strength. If the yield stress of the bonding material can be measured, the yield stress may be applied as a strength criterion. Alternatively, a predetermined predicted life may be applied as a strength reference. The predicted life is obtained by a life test or a simulation for evaluating the life. There are various definitions of “strength” of a material. Any strength definition may be used in the technology disclosed in this specification.
- Sn—Sb solder material or Zn—Al solder material is shown as a candidate for the first solder material 5
- Sn—Cu solder material is shown as a candidate for the second solder material 6.
- the first bonding material and the second bonding material are not limited to those solder materials.
- the second bonding material only needs to have a lower strength than the first bonding material.
- Other candidates for the first bonding material include Ni nanoparticles and Ag nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are known as bonding materials for bonding two metals. Further, Ni nanoparticles and Ag nanoparticles as bonding materials have a 0.2% higher yield strength than Sn—Cu solder materials.
- liquid phase diffusion bonding TLP: Transient Liquid Phase Diffusion Bonding
- Ni Liquid phase diffusion bonding Ni Liquid phase diffusion bonding is also suitable in which NiSn is formed using (nickel) as a base material and Sn (tin) as an insert material.
- These strengths are also higher than the strength of the Sn—Cu solder material.
- the region where the insert material is diffused corresponds to the “bonding material”.
- the technology disclosed in this specification is not limited to a semiconductor device in which a transistor is molded. It is also suitable to apply to a semiconductor device other than a transistor, for example, a diode molding.
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- Die Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (8)
- 半導体素子と、
リードフレームと、
半導体素子とリードフレームの間に配置された金属スペーサと、
半導体素子と金属スペーサを封止しているとともにリードフレームの一面が密着している樹脂モールド体と、を備えており、
金属スペーサと半導体素子が第1接合材によって接合されているとともに、金属スペーサとリードフレームが第2接合材によって接合されており、
第2の接合材の強度が第1の接合材の強度よりも低いことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 前記強度は、予め定められた基準に基づく予測寿命で定められることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記強度は、降伏応力あるいは0.2%耐力で定められることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体装置。
- 樹脂モールド体の両側の夫々にリードフレームが固定されており、少なくとも一方のリードフレームと前記金属スペーサが第2接合材で接合されていることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- 他方のリードフレームと別の金属スペーサが第2接合材で接合されており、別の金属スペーサと半導体素子が第1接合材で接合されていることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の半導体装置。
- 第2接合材がSn-Cuハンダ材であることを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- 第1接合材がSn-Sbハンダ材、Zn-Alハンダ材、ニッケルナノ粒子、銀ナノ粒子のいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- 半導体素子と金属スペーサは、インサート材を第1接合材として用いる拡散接合によって接合されていることを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201280076651.8A CN104756250B (zh) | 2012-11-20 | 2012-11-20 | 半导体装置 |
| US14/437,507 US9337113B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2012-11-20 | Semiconductor device |
| JP2014548351A JP6028810B2 (ja) | 2012-11-20 | 2012-11-20 | 半導体装置 |
| DE112012007149.2T DE112012007149B4 (de) | 2012-11-20 | 2012-11-20 | Halbleitervorrichtung |
| PCT/JP2012/080031 WO2014080449A1 (ja) | 2012-11-20 | 2012-11-20 | 半導体装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2012/080031 WO2014080449A1 (ja) | 2012-11-20 | 2012-11-20 | 半導体装置 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2014080449A1 true WO2014080449A1 (ja) | 2014-05-30 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2012/080031 Ceased WO2014080449A1 (ja) | 2012-11-20 | 2012-11-20 | 半導体装置 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9337113B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6028810B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN104756250B (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE112012007149B4 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2014080449A1 (ja) |
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| JP2016219479A (ja) * | 2015-05-15 | 2016-12-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 半導体装置の製造方法及び半導体装置 |
| JP2017112131A (ja) * | 2015-12-14 | 2017-06-22 | 株式会社東芝 | 半導体モジュールおよび半導体装置 |
| JP2017130547A (ja) * | 2016-01-20 | 2017-07-27 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
| JP2017168792A (ja) * | 2016-03-18 | 2017-09-21 | 富士電機株式会社 | 電力用半導体モジュール |
| JP2018116994A (ja) * | 2017-01-17 | 2018-07-26 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | パワーモジュール |
| JP2018129390A (ja) * | 2017-02-08 | 2018-08-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
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| KR20160003078A (ko) * | 2013-05-03 | 2016-01-08 | 허니웰 인터내셔날 인코포레이티드 | 무연 솔더 접속을 위한 리드 프레임 구조체 |
| JP6451866B2 (ja) * | 2015-11-16 | 2019-01-16 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 接合構造体およびその製造方法 |
| WO2018025571A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-05 | 2018-02-08 | 三菱電機株式会社 | パワー半導体装置 |
| US10886251B2 (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2021-01-05 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Multi-layered composite bonding materials and power electronics assemblies incorporating the same |
| FR3092698B1 (fr) * | 2019-02-11 | 2021-05-07 | St Microelectronics Tours Sas | Assemblage comportant un composant vertical de puissance monté sur une plaque métallique de connexion |
| DE112019007175B9 (de) * | 2019-04-09 | 2024-12-24 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Leistungshalbleitermodul und leistungswandlergerät |
| EP3817044A1 (en) | 2019-11-04 | 2021-05-05 | Infineon Technologies Austria AG | Semiconductor package with a silicon carbide power semiconductor chip diffusion soldered to a copper leadframe part and a corresponding manufacturing method |
| KR20210076862A (ko) * | 2019-12-16 | 2021-06-24 | 주식회사 아모센스 | 파워모듈용 세라믹 기판 및 이를 포함하는 파워모듈 |
| JP7579224B2 (ja) * | 2021-09-13 | 2024-11-07 | 株式会社東芝 | 半導体装置 |
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- 2012-11-20 JP JP2014548351A patent/JP6028810B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-11-20 DE DE112012007149.2T patent/DE112012007149B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-11-20 US US14/437,507 patent/US9337113B2/en active Active
- 2012-11-20 CN CN201280076651.8A patent/CN104756250B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| JP2018129390A (ja) * | 2017-02-08 | 2018-08-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20150294920A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
| CN104756250A (zh) | 2015-07-01 |
| JPWO2014080449A1 (ja) | 2017-01-05 |
| DE112012007149T5 (de) | 2015-08-13 |
| DE112012007149B4 (de) | 2020-07-09 |
| CN104756250B (zh) | 2017-06-13 |
| JP6028810B2 (ja) | 2016-11-24 |
| US9337113B2 (en) | 2016-05-10 |
| DE112012007149T8 (de) | 2016-06-16 |
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