WO2014077391A1 - 高圧水素ガス容器用アルミニウム合金材とその製造方法 - Google Patents
高圧水素ガス容器用アルミニウム合金材とその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014077391A1 WO2014077391A1 PCT/JP2013/081047 JP2013081047W WO2014077391A1 WO 2014077391 A1 WO2014077391 A1 WO 2014077391A1 JP 2013081047 W JP2013081047 W JP 2013081047W WO 2014077391 A1 WO2014077391 A1 WO 2014077391A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/14—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of aluminium; constructed of non-magnetic steel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0636—Metals
- F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0636—Metals
- F17C2203/0648—Alloys or compositions of metals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
- F17C2203/0675—Synthetics with details of composition
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
- F17C2209/21—Shaping processes
- F17C2209/2154—Winding
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
- F17C2209/21—Shaping processes
- F17C2209/2181—Metal working processes, e.g. deep drawing, stamping or cutting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0107—Single phase
- F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/05—Improving chemical properties
- F17C2260/053—Reducing corrosion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
- F17C2270/0184—Fuel cells
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/07—Applications for household use
- F17C2270/0745—Gas bottles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/07—Applications for household use
- F17C2270/0763—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an aluminum alloy material for a high-pressure hydrogen gas container and a method for producing the same.
- a high-pressure hydrogen gas storage composite container has been developed as a container with improved hydrogen embrittlement resistance.
- High-pressure hydrogen gas storage composite containers are classified into a structure in which reinforcing fibers are wrapped around a reinforced plastic container (TYPE 4) and a structure in which fiber reinforced resin or reinforcing fibers are wrapped around the outer surface of a metal liner such as aluminum alloy or iron (TYPE 3). Is done.
- the container is provided with a base for attaching a nozzle for filling and discharging gas.
- TYPE 4 generally, a metal base member is wound together with a reinforced plastic container with a reinforced fiber and integrated.
- TYPE3 since the end portion of the liner is subjected to a drawing process to be formed as a base portion, no separate base member is required.
- the material of the base member for example, as shown in Patent Document 1, aluminum alloy (6061 alloy) and stainless steel are used.
- the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen gas container is increasing from 35 MPa to 70 MPa in order to increase the travel distance in one hydrogen filling.
- the differential pressure between the two may be used to fill the in-vehicle container from the hydrogen station container, the pressure in the hydrogen station container becomes even higher.
- Patent Document 2 describes the structure of a high-pressure hydrogen gas container.
- a metal base portion is provided in a tank body, and a metal element in which a piping element such as a valve is integrally incorporated in an opening portion of the base portion.
- Various tank parts such as valve assemblies are attached.
- the valve assembly is attached to the base part by screwing the valve assembly into the base part.
- the increase in the filling pressure increases the stress generated in the screw head and may cause damage. Therefore, in order to ensure safety, it is highly effective to apply a high-strength material.
- a high-strength aluminum alloy is presumed to lead to a reduction in the weight of the product.
- Patent Document 3 as a high-strength aluminum 6000-based alloy for a high-pressure hydrogen gas container member, an AA6066 alloy-based composition has Mg and Si as Mg ⁇ 1.73Si ⁇ 0.52%, and Mg Compositions satisfying the conditions of ⁇ 1.5%, Mg ⁇ 0.9%, and Si ⁇ 1.8% have been proposed.
- high-pressure hydrogen gas containers for fuel cells are even more so with high-pressure hydrogen gas containers for stations and transportation, and even high-pressure hydrogen gas containers for vehicles can be exposed to corrosive environments. is there. Further, not only the external environment of the high-pressure hydrogen gas container, but also the inside of the container may become a corrosive environment depending on the quality of the charged hydrogen or the way of handling at the time of connection.
- the first characteristic required for a high-pressure hydrogen gas container is hydrogen embrittlement resistance, but for long-term use with peace of mind, intergranular corrosion resistance, SCC resistance (stress corrosion cracking resistance)
- the corrosion resistance such as, it is required to be a material having excellent performance.
- Patent Document 3 does not describe such description. Further, as shown in Non-Patent Document 1, the corrosion resistance of AA6066 alloy is low, and as described in Non-Patent Document 2, the alloy is widely used in the world because of its low corrosion resistance. Not shown.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide aluminum for a high-pressure hydrogen gas storage container having high strength and excellent corrosion resistance while having excellent hydrogen embrittlement resistance. It is to provide an alloy material.
- the present inventors have repeatedly studied that the proof stress and electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy have a certain correlation with the corrosion resistance, and that the specific strength consisting of the proof stress and the electrical conductivity. It has been found that an Al alloy satisfying the mathematical formula is excellent in corrosion resistance, particularly intergranular corrosion resistance and SCC resistance.
- an aluminum alloy having a specific composition close to that of AA6066 alloy and AA6069 alloy is excellent in hydrogen embrittlement resistance and strength.
- the aluminum alloy material for a high-pressure hydrogen gas container of the present invention has Si: 0.6 to 1.5% by mass, Mg: 0.6 to 1.6% by mass, Cu: 0.1 to 1.0% by mass And Fe: 0.05 to 0.4 mass%, Mn: 0.9 mass% or less, Cr: 0.3 mass% or less, Zr: 0.15 mass% or less, V: 0.2 mass%
- Zn: 0.25% by mass or less and Ti 0.1% by mass or less
- the balance is made of Al and inevitable impurities
- the total content of Mn, Cr, Zr and V is It is made of an aluminum alloy that is 0.05% by mass or more, satisfies the following formulas (1) and (2) relating to the proof stress S (MPa) and the electrical conductivity E (IACS%), and the proof stress S is 270 MPa or more.
- the conductivity E is 36 IACS% or more.
- the method for producing an aluminum alloy material for a high-pressure hydrogen gas container according to the present invention includes a melting / casting process in which an aluminum alloy having the above composition is cast to produce an ingot, and the ingot is heat treated at 475 to 575 ° C.
- a quality treatment step and a high temperature aging treatment step in which heat treatment is performed at 160 to 240 ° C. for 1 to 48 hours are performed in this order.
- the aluminum alloy having the above composition is used for high-pressure hydrogen gas containers having both hydrogen embrittlement resistance, strength and corrosion resistance by performing high temperature aging treatment at a relatively high temperature.
- An aluminum alloy material can be manufactured.
- the aluminum alloy material for a high-pressure hydrogen gas container of the present invention is excellent in all of the properties of tensile strength, hydrogen embrittlement resistance, intergranular corrosion resistance and SCC resistance. Moreover, the manufacturing method of the aluminum alloy material for high pressure hydrogen gas containers of this invention can manufacture the aluminum alloy material for high pressure hydrogen gas containers excellent in all about tensile strength, hydrogen embrittlement resistance, and corrosion resistance.
- aluminum alloy material for a high-pressure hydrogen gas container of the present invention and the manufacturing method thereof will be described based on specific embodiments.
- aluminum alloy may be referred to as “Al alloy”.
- the Al alloy material for a high-pressure hydrogen gas container includes a body part of the high-pressure hydrogen gas storage container, peripheral members of the high-pressure hydrogen gas storage container such as a base part, and a gas pipe attached to the high-pressure hydrogen gas storage container. Applicable for use. Among them, the peripheral members of the high-pressure hydrogen gas storage container such as the base part are mainly used.
- the Al alloy constituting the Al alloy material for a high-pressure hydrogen gas container of the present invention has Si: 0.6 to 1.5 mass%, Mg: 0.6 to 1.6 mass%, Cu: 0.1 to 1. 0% by mass and Fe: 0.05 to 0.4% by mass, Mn: 0.9% by mass or less, Cr: 0.3% by mass or less, Zr: 0.15% by mass or less, V: 0.0. 2% by mass or less, Zn: 0.25% by mass or less, and Ti: 0.1% by mass or less, with the balance being Al and inevitable impurities, the contents of Mn, Cr, Zr and V Is 0.05% by mass or more.
- the alloy composition of the present invention is basically a high-temperature age hardening by containing a small amount of Cu in order to impart corrosion resistance while maintaining high strength, and a relatively large amount of Si and Mg. It is intended to improve both strength and corrosion resistance.
- a small amount of Cu in order to impart corrosion resistance while maintaining high strength, and a relatively large amount of Si and Mg. It is intended to improve both strength and corrosion resistance.
- Si Si: 0.6-1.5% by mass
- Si Si: 0.6-1.5% by mass
- the Si content is 0.6 to 1.5% by mass, preferably 0.6 to 1.3% by mass.
- the Si content is within the above range, a large amount of dispersed particles are formed during the homogenization heat treatment, and the crystal grains can be refined.
- the Si content is less than 0.6% by mass, the solid solution strengthening and the age hardening ability are not sufficiently exhibited. As a result, an Al alloy having high strength and high yield strength cannot be obtained.
- the Si content is less than 0.6% by mass, the number of dispersed particles during the homogenization heat treatment is reduced, so that the crystal grains are coarsened and the mechanical properties and hydrogen embrittlement resistance are lowered.
- the Si content exceeds 1.5% by mass, the crystallized product formed during melt casting becomes coarse and the number thereof increases, and the product tends to be broken starting from these.
- workability such as rolling, extrusion, and forging, and workability when forming a rolled plate, extruded material, and forged material into a product are also reduced.
- the Cu-containing Al alloy as in the present invention it is essential to contain Si in order to improve the corrosion resistance. If the Si content is within the above range, high-temperature aging precipitates containing Cu increase, the strength of the product can be improved, the Cu solid capacity in the matrix phase decreases, and intergranular corrosion resistance and SCC resistance. It has been found that the corrosion resistance such as is improved.
- Mg 0.6-1.6% by mass
- Mg strengthens the Al alloy by solid solution, but its effect is particularly great. It also exhibits age hardening ability to form aging precipitates that contribute to strength improvement during high temperature aging treatment. Therefore, Mg is an essential element for obtaining an Al alloy having high tensile strength and high proof stress, which are mechanical properties necessary for a high-pressure hydrogen gas storage container.
- Mg content is 0.6 to 1.6% by mass, preferably 0.7 to 1.6% by mass.
- the Mg content is less than 0.6% by mass, the solid solution strengthening and the age hardening ability are not sufficiently exhibited. As a result, an Al alloy having high tensile strength and high yield strength cannot be obtained.
- the Mg content exceeds 1.6% by mass, the crystallized product formed at the time of melt casting becomes coarse, and the product is easily broken starting from these.
- workability such as rolling, extrusion, and forging, and workability when forming a rolled plate, extruded material, and forged material into a product are also reduced.
- Cu 0.1 to 1.0% by mass
- Cu is an element that contributes to improvement of strength and proof stress of Al alloy together with Mg and Si.
- Cu is an element useful for improving hydrogen embrittlement resistance.
- Cu content is 0.1 to 1.0 mass%, preferably 0.2 to 0.8 mass%.
- the Cu content is less than 0.1% by mass, the effect cannot be sufficiently obtained, and an Al alloy having high tensile strength and high proof stress, which are mechanical properties necessary for a high-pressure hydrogen gas storage container, is obtained. I can't.
- the Cu content is less than 0.1% by mass, the amount of Cu associated with hydrogen decreases, so that the hydrogen embrittlement resistance also decreases.
- the amount of high-temperature precipitates containing Cu is reduced, and it is difficult to obtain high corrosion resistance.
- the Cu content exceeds 1.0% by mass, the crystallized material becomes coarse and increases in number, and breakage is likely to occur starting from these. Further, the crystallized product is considered as a hydrogen intrusion site into the Al alloy, and when the Cu content exceeds 1.0 mass%, the hydrogen embrittlement resistance is lowered. In addition, the potential in the grains is increased, and the corrosion resistance such as intergranular corrosion resistance and SCC resistance is lowered. Therefore, in order to obtain high tensile strength, high yield strength, high corrosion resistance, and high hydrogen embrittlement resistance, the Cu content is set to 0.1 to 1.0 mass%.
- Fe 0.05 to 0.4 mass%
- Fe is a useful element that forms dispersed particles with Si.
- the dispersed particles are supposed to trap hydrogen and suppress the accumulation of hydrogen at grain boundaries, thereby increasing hydrogen embrittlement resistance.
- the Fe content is 0.05 to 0.4% by mass, preferably 0.15 to 0.3% by mass.
- the Fe content is less than 0.05% by mass, the number of dispersed particles containing Fe as a component is reduced, the crystal grains are coarsened, and breakage and corrosion easily occur at the grain boundaries. Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion resistance tend to be low.
- the size and number of crystallized materials are reduced, and the crystal grains are coarsened.
- mechanical properties, hydrogen embrittlement resistance, and corrosion resistance tend to be reduced.
- the Fe content exceeds 0.4% by mass, coarse crystallized products are formed and breakage tends to occur starting from these.
- the number and size of crystallized substances increase, and the hydrogen embrittlement resistance decreases.
- Mn, Cr, Zr and V form dispersed particles together with Si during the homogenization heat treatment, like Fe.
- the dispersed particles function as hydrogen trap sites and improve hydrogen embrittlement resistance.
- the dispersed particles have the effect of suppressing recrystallization and making the crystal grains finer.
- Mn has a high degree of solid solution strengthening by partially dissolving in the aluminum alloy matrix.
- any element of Mn, Cr, Zr and V if the total content is too small, dispersed particles tend to be reduced, crystal grains are coarsened, and mechanical properties and corrosion resistance tend to be lowered. In addition, hydrogen embrittlement resistance tends to be low. Therefore, the total content of Mn, Cr, Zr and V is 0.05% by mass or more. On the other hand, if the content of each element is too large, coarse crystallized substances are formed, and breakage tends to occur starting from these. Moreover, workability, such as rolling, extrusion, and forging, also decreases.
- the upper limit of the content is provided for Mn, Cr, Zr and V, Mn: 0.9 mass% or less, Cr: 0.3 mass% or less, Zr: 0.15 mass% or less, and V: 0.0. Restrict to 2 mass% or less.
- Zn 0.25 mass% or less
- Ti 0.1% by mass or less
- B contained in the master alloy for the addition of Ti has the effect of refining the crystal grains of the ingot, but when the Ti content exceeds 0.1% by mass, a coarse intermetallic compound is formed. And strength and ductility are reduced. In addition, workability such as rolling, extrusion, and forging is greatly reduced. Therefore, the Ti content is restricted to 0.1% by mass or less.
- unavoidable impurities As unavoidable impurities, elements such as Sn, Ni, C, In, Na, Ca, Bi, and Sr can be assumed, but any of them can be contained at a level that does not impair the characteristics of the present invention. Specifically, the elements of these inevitable impurities are permitted if the content of each individual element is 0.01% by mass or less and the total content is 0.1% by mass or less.
- the aluminum alloy material for a high-pressure hydrogen gas container needs to satisfy the following formulas (1) and (2) relating to the proof stress S (MPa) and the electrical conductivity E (IACS%).
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between proof stress S (MPa), electrical conductivity E (IACS%) and corrosion resistance. On FIG. 1, various Al alloy materials having the above composition and manufactured under various manufacturing conditions are plotted.
- Al alloys have higher electrical conductivity and lower yield strength as T6 (peak aging), T7 (overaging) and aging progress. Generally, the corrosion resistance is improved as the electrical conductivity is increased due to the precipitate in the Al alloy and the state of the parent phase.
- the proof stress decreases as the conductivity increases. Is plotted on the curve. Since Al alloys having different compositions also show the same tendency, when plotting in the same manner using various 6000 series alloys having different compositions, it is possible to obtain a group of downward-sloping curves.
- the aging state of the Al alloy having high yield strength is closer to peak aging, and the corrosion resistance is low.
- the aging state of Al alloy with low electrical conductivity becomes peak aging and sub-aging, and the corrosion resistance decreases.
- the yield strength and corrosion resistance can be controlled by controlling the state of precipitates in the Al alloy, but the state of precipitates varies greatly depending on the alloy composition and heat treatment conditions. Even with an Al alloy having a specific composition suitable for the use of the present invention, corrosion resistance may be undesirable depending on the state of the precipitate. Therefore, in the present invention, by specifying the region surrounded by the formulas (1) and (2) for the conductivity and proof stress curves related to the Al alloys having various compositions, the high proof strength and the high An Al alloy having both corrosion resistance can be specified.
- an appropriate temperature condition is required according to the change in the composition, but when the product is heated, a temperature distribution always occurs in the furnace. Therefore, even if heat treatment is performed with the temperature and time set under general conditions, not all parts in each product are necessarily heat treated under the same conditions. Therefore, only by measuring the electrical conductivity and the yield strength as described above, the state of precipitation inside the product can be accurately grasped, and the strength and corrosion resistance of the product can be specified.
- each point marked with ⁇ indicates an Al alloy having excellent intergranular corrosion resistance and SCC resistance.
- Each point of ⁇ indicates an Al alloy having excellent intergranular corrosion resistance but inferior SCC resistance.
- the point of ⁇ indicates an Al alloy having excellent SCC resistance but inferior intergranular corrosion resistance.
- the point (2) indicates an Al alloy in which both intergranular corrosion resistance and SCC resistance are inferior.
- the region represented by the formula (1) is a region below the straight line a, and the region represented by the formula (2) is in a region above the straight line b.
- the region where the region represented by the formula (1) and the region represented by the formula (2) overlap is a region satisfying the formulas (1) and (2).
- All of the Al alloys indicated by ⁇ in this region are Al alloys satisfying the expressions (1) and (2), and are the Al alloys of the present invention. All of the Al alloys indicated by ⁇ are excellent in intergranular corrosion resistance and SCC resistance.
- the conductivity is expressed in IACS%. As described above, the conductivity has a correlation with the corrosion resistance. From the relationship between corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity, in the present invention, the electrical conductivity needs to be 36 IACS% or more.
- a straight line c represents a line having a conductivity of 36 IACS%.
- the conductivity can be measured according to JIS C2525 by measuring the electrical resistance by a direct current 4-terminal method using an electrical resistance measuring device TER-2000RH manufactured by ULVAC-RIKO. Measurement can be performed according to the method described in JP 2012-21205 A.
- the proof stress of the Al alloy material needs to be 270 MPa or more.
- the yield strength means 0.2% yield strength.
- a straight line d represents a line having a proof stress of 270 MPa.
- the tensile strength is preferably 300 MPa or more, and more preferably 330 MPa or more.
- the elongation is preferably 5% or more, and more preferably 8% or more.
- the tensile test can be measured according to the standards JIS-Z-2201 and JIS-Z-2241.
- the method for producing an aluminum alloy material for a high-pressure hydrogen gas container according to the present invention includes a melting / casting step of casting an aluminum alloy having the above composition to produce an ingot, and heat-treating the ingot at 475 to 575 ° C. Homogenization heat treatment process, hot working process for hot working at 275 to 575 ° C. at a working rate of 50% or more, tempering treatment for solution treatment and quenching at a cooling rate of 1 ° C./second or more. And a high temperature aging treatment step in which a heat treatment is performed at 160 to 240 ° C. for 1 to 48 hours in this order.
- the production method of the present invention is particularly characterized in that the high temperature aging treatment is carried out at a relatively high temperature, thereby actively forming a high temperature aging precipitate containing Cu.
- the melting / casting step is a step of casting an Al alloy molten metal having the above composition to produce an ingot.
- the Al alloy melt adjusted to be dissolved within the above composition range is appropriately subjected to a normal melting casting method such as a continuous casting method (for example, hot top casting method) or a semi-continuous casting method (DC casting method). Select and cast.
- homogenization heat treatment process In the homogenization heat treatment step, the cast Al alloy ingot is subjected to homogenization heat treatment (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “uniform heat treatment”) to eliminate segregation in the crystal grains in the ingot structure, and to form a microstructure. This is a step of homogenizing the crystallized material to refine the crystallized product. It is necessary to soak the ingot in a relatively high temperature range of 475 to 575 ° C.
- the soaking temperature is less than 475 ° C.
- the crystallized product cannot be refined and there is a risk that the coarse crystallized product increases. Therefore, there are too many crystallized substances that are the starting points of fracture, and there is an increased risk of reducing hydrogen embrittlement resistance and further reducing toughness and fatigue characteristics.
- the dispersed particles become coarse and the density tends to be low. There is a risk that the number of hydrogen trap sites is reduced and the hydrogen embrittlement resistance is lowered. Further, since the dispersed particles are coarse and low in density, recrystallization is likely to occur, and the crystal grains are also coarsened, so that the strength is low and easy. Also, ingot burning is likely to occur.
- the soaking process is preferably performed for 1 hour or longer in order to make the solute concentration uniform and to refine the crystallized product. If the heat treatment time is less than 1 hour, the solute temperature is not sufficiently uniform, and the crystallized material cannot be refined.
- the heat treatment time is preferably 24 hours or less from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the standard of such a cooling rate shall be 80 degrees C / hr or more to the temperature of 300 degrees C or less including room temperature.
- the hot working step is a step of performing hot working such as hot rolling, hot extrusion, hot forging.
- hot working step any one or a combination of hot rolling, hot extrusion, and hot forging can be performed. That is, an Al alloy ingot having the above composition can be melted and the ingot can be hot-rolled after homogenizing heat treatment to obtain a plate material having a desired plate thickness.
- cold rolling may be performed as necessary, and after hot rolling, cold rolling may be followed by annealing, solution treatment, and quenching.
- the ingot can be subjected to hot extrusion or hot forging after homogenization heat treatment to obtain an extruded material or forged material having a desired thickness and shape.
- hot extrusion or hot forging after extrusion and after forging, cold working may be performed, and after extrusion and after forging, annealing, solution treatment, and quenching may be performed.
- the hot working temperature is in the range of 275 to 575 ° C. depending on the composition of the Al alloy and the size of the ingot. If the hot working temperature is less than 275 ° C., cracking or the like may occur during processing. On the other hand, if the hot working temperature exceeds 575 ° C., local melting occurs, surface swelling and cracking occur during processing, and there is a risk of causing damage in the product.
- the microstructure after hot working is the microstructure of the product. Therefore, it is necessary to make the microstructure after hot working as fine as possible. For this purpose, it is desirable to perform hot working at as high a temperature as possible for forging and extrusion.
- the processing rate for hot working is selected from a range of processing rates of 50% or more depending on the composition of the Al alloy and the relationship between the size of the ingot and the desired thickness of the Al alloy material (product). If the processing rate is too small, the crystallized product is not pulverized to a small size, and a coarse crystallized product remains and the crystallized product cannot be refined.
- Hot rolling In the case of hot rolling, the ingot after the homogenization heat treatment is cooled to the hot rolling temperature, or once cooled to room temperature and then reheated to the hot rolling temperature, hot rolled, and heated to a desired thickness. A cold-rolled sheet is obtained or cold-rolled as necessary to obtain a cold-rolled sheet having a desired thickness, and then tempered.
- the hot rolling temperature is appropriately selected within the range of 275 to 575 ° C.
- anneal as needed between hot rolling and cold rolling, or between passes of cold rolling.
- the product is processed into a product shape such as a container and then subjected to a tempering treatment.
- you may perform cutting etc. after processing to a product shape, and after a tempering process.
- a part of the high temperature aging treatment in the tempering treatment may be a heat treatment at the time of resin curing after winding.
- hot extrusion In the case of hot extrusion, the ingot after the homogenization heat treatment is reheated, hot extruded to a desired thickness and shape within a range of 275 to 575 ° C, and further cold-extruded to a desired shape and thickness as required. (Drawing processing), and then tempering. In order to increase the strength (proof strength after tempering), fiber organization by increasing the extrusion temperature is effective.
- the extrusion temperature is preferably 400 ° C. or higher.
- anneal as needed between the hot extrusion and cold extrusion, or between passes of cold extrusion (drawing process).
- tempering is performed, and then the final product is finished by cutting or the like.
- the tempering treatment may be performed by cutting into the shape of the final product.
- after annealing or after annealing as necessary after extrusion it is processed into a product shape such as a container, and then subjected to a tempering treatment.
- a part of the high temperature aging treatment in the tempering treatment may be a heat treatment at the time of resin curing after winding.
- hot forging In the case of hot forging, the ingot after the homogenization heat treatment is reheated and hot forged to a desired thickness and shape within a range of 275 to 575 ° C. to obtain a hot forged material having a desired thickness, Further, if necessary, hot forging, warm forging, and cold forging are performed to obtain a forged material having a desired thickness, and then a tempering treatment is performed. In order to increase the strength (strength after tempering), fiber organization by increasing the forging temperature is effective. For this purpose, the forging temperature is preferably 400 ° C. or higher.
- a product from the above plate material, forged material, or extruded material can be formed by cold, warm, hot press, drawing, spinning, cutting, bending, pipe expansion, or the like. You may anneal as needed between the passes between hot forging, warm forging, and cold forging. After forging or after forging, after annealing as necessary, tempering is performed, and then the final product is finished by cutting or the like. Further, the tempering treatment may be performed by cutting into the shape of the final product.
- the tempering treatment step is a step of performing a solution treatment and a quenching treatment (rapid cooling treatment) as a tempering treatment for the Al alloy material after the hot working step.
- the solution treatment is preferably performed at 510 ° C. to 570 in order to sufficiently precipitate aging precipitates that contribute to strength improvement by the relationship with the component composition of the Al alloy and the subsequent artificial age hardening treatment at a high temperature. In the condition of holding for a predetermined time.
- quenching is performed at an average cooling rate (400 ° C. to 290 ° C.) of 1 ° C./second or more (thickness center portion).
- Any of a batch furnace, a continuous furnace, and a molten salt bath furnace may be used as a heat treatment furnace used for solution treatment and quenching treatment.
- the quenching treatment after the solution treatment may be any of water immersion, water jetting, mist jetting, air jetting, and air cooling.
- the high temperature aging treatment step is a step of performing high temperature aging treatment in order to improve mechanical properties such as strength and corrosion resistance after the above solution treatment and quenching treatment.
- the high temperature aging treatment requires heat treatment at 160 to 240 ° C. for 1 to 48 hours after solution treatment and quenching treatment.
- the high temperature aging treatment temperature is preferably 160 to 240 ° C., more preferably 170 to 220 ° C. from the viewpoint of obtaining a product having excellent characteristics in production.
- the high temperature aging treatment time is less than 1 hr, the amount of high temperature aging precipitates formed is small, and it is difficult to obtain high strength and high corrosion resistance. If it exceeds 48 hours, it is not practical in production.
- the high temperature aging treatment time is preferably 1 hr or more, more preferably 3 hr or more, from the viewpoint of obtaining a product having excellent characteristics in production.
- the high temperature aging treatment is preferably performed immediately after the solution treatment and the quenching treatment.
- the high temperature aging treatment is a tempering symbol T6, T7, which is performed within the heat treatment conditions described in JIS-H-0001, for example. Any device such as a batch furnace, a continuous furnace, an oil bath, or a hot water bath may be used for the high temperature aging treatment.
- the cast billet is reheated and hot extruded so that the temperature of the extruded material on the outlet side of hot extrusion is in the solution temperature range, and then the extrusion is continued.
- the extruded material may be forcedly cooled and quenched by on-line by water injection, mist injection, air injection or the like to a temperature near room temperature.
- a high temperature aging treatment may be performed after room temperature aging treatment and distortion correction.
- High temperature aging treatment T6, T7 may be performed.
- the above-described tempering treatment may be selected and performed on each of the hot-rolled sheet material, the hot-extruded material, and the hot-forged material before preparing the member for the high-pressure gas container. good. Further, without producing the tempering treatment for the hot-rolled sheet material, the hot extrusion material, and the hot forging material, after preparing these high-pressure gas container materials and peripheral members, the tempering treatment is performed for each member. Each may be selected according to the required characteristics. Alternatively, the tempering treatment and the quenching treatment may be performed separately, such as performing the high pressure gas container material and the peripheral member before the production, and performing the high temperature aging treatment after the production.
- the Al alloy material of the present invention obtained through the manufacturing process having the above steps, as an Al alloy material for a high-pressure hydrogen gas container, has high strength and corrosion resistance while having excellent hydrogen embrittlement resistance. It can have.
- Example material The dimensions of the prepared forged material after tempering were 180 mm in diameter and 20 mm in thickness. From this forged material, a tensile test piece, a tensile test piece for evaluating hydrogen embrittlement resistance, a test piece for intergranular corrosion susceptibility, and a test piece for evaluating SCC (C-ring) were collected, and the characteristics were measured and evaluated. These evaluation results are shown in Table 2. The evaluation conditions for each characteristic are as follows.
- Test piece (test piece: total length 100 mm, thickness 3 mm, parallel part: width 6.25 mm ⁇ long) so that the longitudinal direction of the test piece is perpendicular to the forging line direction at the thickness center of the test material 32 mm, GL 25 mm) was collected and subjected to a tensile test until breakage at room temperature in the air at a crosshead speed of 5 mm / min in accordance with the standard JIS-Z-2201. The number of measured N was 3, and the values of tensile strength, proof stress, and elongation were the average values of these values. When the tensile strength was 300 MPa or more, the proof stress was 275 MPa or more, and the elongation was 5% or more, it was determined to be excellent.
- the thickness central part was measured at 5 points by a commercially available eddy current type conductivity measuring device, and the average value thereof was obtained to obtain the conductivity (IACS%). It was determined that the IACS% value was excellent when it was 36% or more.
- the electrical conductivity was measured according to JIS C2525 by measuring the electrical resistance by a DC 4-terminal method using an electrical resistance measuring device TER-2000RH manufactured by ULVAC-RIKO. Measurement was performed according to the method described in JP 2012-21205 A.
- Test piece (test piece: total length 100 mm, thickness 1 mm, parallel part: width 5 mm ⁇ length 12 mm) so that the longitudinal direction of the test piece is perpendicular to the forging line direction at the thickness center of the test material GL12 mm) was collected and subjected to a tensile test in two atmospheres until breaking at a strain rate of 6.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 s ⁇ 1 .
- the number of measurements N was 2 or more.
- Test piece one of test piece thickness 5 mm ⁇ width 20 mm ⁇ length 30 mm, width 20 mm ⁇ length 30 mm
- the surface of the center is a thick center plane
- intergranular corrosion test immersion time 6 hr
- the sample cross section is polished, the grain boundary depth from the sample surface (thickness center) to the thickness direction is measured, and the maximum depth ( ⁇ m) is the intergranular corrosion depth.
- a tensile stress of 90% of the proof stress (LT direction) was applied to the outer peripheral side of the C-ring.
- the crack life was 30 days or longer (720 cycles or longer), it was determined that the SCC resistance was excellent, and it was rated as “good”.
- the crack life was less than 30 days (less than 720 cycles), it was determined that the SCC resistance was inferior, and was evaluated as x.
- FIG. 1 is a plot of the test materials 1 to 19 shown in Table 1 and Table 2 based on their proof stress S (MPa) and conductivity E (IACS%).
- each point marked with ⁇ corresponds to the Al alloy of test materials 1 to 9, and both the intergranular corrosion resistance and the SCC resistance are excellent.
- Al alloys corresponding to the other points ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ are inferior in intergranular corrosion resistance and / or SCC resistance.
- test materials 1 to 9 satisfy the Al alloy composition of the present invention, satisfy the formulas (1) and (2), and have mechanical properties such as strength, It had excellent performance in hydrogen embrittlement resistance, intergranular corrosion resistance, and SCC resistance.
- test materials 10 to 19 satisfy the Al alloy composition of the present invention, they do not satisfy either the formula (1) or the formula (2), and have intergranular corrosion resistance and SCC resistance. Either or both were inferior.
- test material 10 has the same composition as the test material 1, the high temperature aging treatment temperature is low. In this composition, the heat treatment conditions were not suitable for the present invention. The SCC resistance was inferior.
- the test material 11 has a composition partially similar to that of the test material 5, but in this composition, the heat treatment conditions are not appropriate, the relational expression (2) is not satisfied, and as a result, the SCC resistance is poor. Met. It is presumed that the corrosion resistance is improved by increasing the high temperature aging treatment temperature, but in that case, the proof stress is lowered, and it is considered that the relational expression (2) is not satisfied.
- test material 12 and the test material 13 were higher in Si, Mg, Cu and Cr than the test material 3, even if the same heat treatment was performed, the heat treatment conditions suitable for the present invention were not satisfied in this composition.
- the relational expression (2) was not satisfied, and as a result, the SCC resistance was poor.
- the test material 14 has a composition partially similar to that of the test material 5, but the Fe content is relatively high with respect to the Si content, the electrical conductivity is high with respect to the proof stress, and the heat treatment conditions were not suitable. (2) was not satisfied and the SCC resistance was poor.
- test material 15 Since the test material 15 has a composition with a large amount of Cr and was not appropriate under the same heat treatment conditions as other test materials, the relational expression (2) was not satisfied, and as a result, the SCC resistance was poor.
- the test material 16 and the test material 17 are compositions having a larger amount of Si, Mg, and Cu, and are examples in which the high temperature aging treatment temperature is shortened at a high temperature.
- the heat treatment conditions were not suitable, the relational expression (1) As a result, the SCC resistance was poor.
- test material 18 and the test material 19 had a composition with a large amount of Mn and were not appropriate under the same heat treatment conditions as the other test materials, the relational expression (1) was not satisfied, and as a result, the corrosion resistance was poor. .
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Abstract
Description
S≦-10.46×E+801 ・・・(1)
S≧-25×E+1296 ・・・(2)
Siは、Mgとともに、一部がAl合金マトリックスに固溶して、Al合金を固溶強化する。また、前記比較的高温での高温時効処理時に強度向上に寄与する時効析出物などを形成する時効硬化能を発揮する。そのため、高圧水素ガス貯蔵容器として必要な機械的性質である高い引張強さ、高い耐力を有するAl合金を得るために必須の元素である。また、Siを含有していると、均質化熱処理時にSiを成分に含む分散粒子が形成され、製品の結晶粒を微細にすることができる。
Mgは、Siと同様に、Al合金を固溶強化するが、特にその効果が大きい。また、高温時効処理時に強度向上に寄与する時効析出物などを形成する時効硬化能を発揮する。そのため、Mgは高圧水素ガス貯蔵容器として必要な機械的性質である高い引張強さ、高い耐力を有するAl合金を得るために必須の元素である。
Cuは、Mg、Siと共にAl合金の強度、耐力の向上に寄与する元素である。また、Cuは耐水素脆化性の向上に有用な元素である。
Feは、Siとともに分散粒子を形成する有用な元素である。分散粒子は、水素をトラップし粒界への水素の蓄積を抑制し、耐水素脆化性を高くするとされている。
Mn、Cr、ZrおよびVは、Feと同様に、均質化熱処理時にSiとともに分散粒子を形成する。分散粒子は、水素のトラップサイトとして機能し、耐水素脆化性を向上させる。分散粒子は、再結晶の抑制ならびに結晶粒を微細化させる効果もある。特にMnは、一部がアルミニウム合金マトリックスに固溶し、固溶強化を生じさせる度合いが大きい。
Znは、含有量が0.25質量%を超えると、粒界腐食感受性が高くなり、耐食性が低下する。従って、Znの含有量は、0.25質量%以下に規制する。
Tiは、Ti添加のための母合金に含まれるBとともに、鋳塊の結晶粒を微細化させる作用があるが、Ti含有量が0.1質量%を超えると、粗大な金属間化合物を形成し、強度、延性を低下させる。また、圧延、押出、鍛造などの加工性も大きく低下させる。従って、Tiの含有量は、0.1質量%以下に規制する。
不可避的不純物としては、Sn、Ni、C、In、Na、Ca、Bi、Sr等の元素が想定し得るが、いずれも本発明の特徴を阻害しないレベルで含有することは許容される。具体的には、これら不可避的不純物の元素は、個々の元素毎の含有量がそれぞれ0.01質量%以下であり、合計の含有量が0.1質量%以下であれば許容される。
本発明においては、高圧水素ガス容器用アルミニウム合金材は、耐力S(MPa)と導電率E(IACS%)に係る下記の式(1)および式(2)を満足することが必要である。
S≦-10.46×E+801 ・・・(1)
S≧-25×E+1296 ・・・(2)
本発明において、導電率はIACS%で表わされるものである。上記したように、導電率は、耐食性と相関関係を有するものである。耐食性と導電率との関係から、本発明においては、導電率は、36IACS%以上であることが必要である。図1において、直線cは、導電率が36IACS%である線を表わす。導電率の測定はJIS C2525に準じて、アルバック理工株式会社製電気抵抗測定装置TER-2000RHを用い、直流4端子法にて電気抵抗を測定することにより行うことができる。特開2012-21205号公報等に記載の方法に則って測定することができる。
本発明において、高圧水素ガス容器として、実用的に使用し得るためには、Al合金材の耐力は、270MPa以上であることが必要である。ここで、耐力とは0.2%耐力を意味する。図1において、直線dは、耐力が270MPaである線を表わす。さらに、引張強さは、300MPa以上であることが好ましく、330MPa以上であることがより好ましい。また、伸びは、5%以上であることが好ましく、8%以上であることがより好ましい。尚、引張試験は、規格JIS-Z-2201、JIS-Z-2241準拠して測定することができる。
次に、本発明の高圧水素ガス容器用アルミニウム合金材の製造方法について説明する。本発明の高圧水素ガス容器用アルミニウム合金材の製造方法は、前記組成を有するアルミニウム合金を鋳造して鋳塊を作製する溶解・鋳造工程と、前記鋳塊に、475~575℃で熱処理を施す均質化熱処理工程と、275~575℃で、50%以上の加工率で熱間加工を施す熱間加工工程と、溶体化処理と1℃/秒以上の冷却速度で焼入れ処理を行う調質処理工程と、160~240℃で1~48hr熱処理を施す高温時効処理工程とをこの順に行うことを特徴としている。
溶解・鋳造工程は、上記組成のAl合金溶湯を鋳造して鋳塊を作製するする工程である。溶解・鋳造工程では、上記組成範囲内に溶解調整されたAl合金溶湯を、連続鋳造法(例えば、ホットトップ鋳造法)や半連続鋳造法(DC鋳造法)等の通常の溶解鋳造法を適宜選択して鋳造する。
均質化熱処理工程は、鋳造されたAl合金鋳塊を均質化熱処理(以下、「均熱処理」と記載することがある。)し、鋳塊組織中の結晶粒内の偏析をなくして、ミクロ組織の均質化を図り、晶出物を微細化する工程である。前記鋳塊を、475~575℃の比較的高温域で均熱処理することが必要である。
熱間加工工程は、熱間圧延、熱間押出、熱間鍛造などの熱間加工を行う工程である。熱間加工工程としては、熱間圧延、熱間押出、熱間鍛造のいずれかあるいは組み合わせて行うことができる。即ち、前記組成のAl合金鋳塊を溶製し、当該鋳塊を均質化熱処理後、熱間圧延して、所望の板厚の板材とすることができる。また後述するように、熱間圧延後に、必要に応じて冷間圧延を行なっても良く、また熱間圧延後、冷間圧延の後に焼鈍、溶体化処理ならびに焼入れを行なっても良い。または、当該鋳塊を均質化熱処理後、熱間押出や熱間鍛造を行って、所望の厚みと形状の押出材、鍛造材を得ることができる。また後述するように、押出後、鍛造後に冷間加工を行なっても良く、また押出後、鍛造後に焼鈍、溶体化処理ならびに焼入れを行なっても良い。
熱間圧延の場合、均質化熱処理後の鋳塊を、熱間圧延温度まで冷却するか、一旦室温まで冷却後に熱間圧延温度まで再加熱して、熱間圧延し、所望の板厚の熱間圧延板を得るか、更に必要に応じて冷間圧延して、所望の板厚の冷間圧延板とし、その後に調質処理する。熱間圧延温度は、275~575℃の範囲で適宜選択する。
熱間押出の場合、均質化熱処理後の鋳塊を再加熱し、275~575℃の範囲で所望の厚みと形状に熱間押出し、更に必要に応じて所望の形状・肉厚に冷間押出(抽芯加工)し、その後に調質処理する。高強度(調質後の耐力)化には、押出温度の高温化によるファイバー組織化が有効であり、このためには押出温度は400℃以上が望ましい。
熱間鍛造の場合、均質化熱処理後の鋳塊を再加熱し、275~575℃の範囲で所望の厚みと形状に熱間鍛造して、所望の肉厚の熱間鍛造材を得るか、更に必要に応じて熱間鍛造、温間鍛造、冷間鍛造して、所望の肉厚の鍛造材とし、その後に調質処理する。高強度(調質後の耐力)化には、鍛造温度の高温化によるファイバー組織化が有効であり、このためには鍛造温度は400℃以上が望ましい。
熱間鍛造、温間鍛造、冷間鍛造の間のパス間に、必要に応じて焼鈍を行ってもよい。鍛造後あるいは鍛造後に必要に応じて焼鈍した後、調質処理し、その後に切削加工等により最終製品に形状に仕上げる。また、調質処理は、切削加工し最終製品の形状としてもよい。
調質処理工程は、上記の熱間加工工程後に、Al合金材に対する調質処理として、溶体化処理および焼入れ処理(急冷処理)を行う工程である。溶体化処理は、前記Al合金の成分組成との関係や、続く高温での人工時効硬化処理により強度向上に寄与する時効析出物を十分粒内に析出させるために、好ましくは、510℃~570で所定時間保持する条件で行う。この溶体化処理後、直ちに1℃/秒以上(肉厚中心部位)の平均冷却速度(400℃から290℃)で焼入れ処理(急冷処理)を行う。この溶体化処理後の焼入れ処理の冷却速度が遅いと、粒内、粒界上にSi、MgSi化合物などが析出しやすくなり、製品の強度、成形性、耐食性を低下させる。
高温時効処理工程は、上記の溶体化処理および焼入れ処理の後に、強度など機械的諸特性ならびに耐食性を向上させるために、高温時効処理を行う工程である。高温時効処理は、溶体化処理および焼入れ処理の後に、160~240℃で1~48hr熱処理を施すことが必要である。
作製した調質後の鍛造材の寸法は、直径180mm、厚さ20mmとした。この鍛造材から、引張試験片、耐水素脆化評価用引張試験片、粒界腐食感受性用試験片、SCC評価用試験片(Cリング)を採取し、特性を測定し、評価した。これらの評価結果を表2に示す。各特性の評価条件は以下のとおりである。
合金組成は、島津製作所製発光分析装置OES-1014を用いて測定した。Alの溶湯より成分分析用にサンプルを採取し、凝固させ、試料の端面を切削加工で平面とし測定した。表1の合金組成において「0.00」で示した組成は、0.01%未満であることを示している。
前記供試材の肉厚中心部で、鍛流線方向に対して試験片の長手方向が直角となるように試験片(試験片:全長100mm、厚3mm、平行部:幅6.25mm×長さ32mm、GL25mm)を採取し、規格JIS-Z-2201に準拠して、室温大気中で、クロスヘッド速度5mm/分で破断まで引張試験を行った。測定N数は3として、引張強さ、耐力、伸びの各数値はこれらの平均値とした。引張強さは300MPa以上のとき、耐力は275MPa以上のとき、伸びは5%以上のとき、それぞれ優れているものと判定した。
供試材の板の両面について、市販の渦電流式導電率測定装置により、肉厚中心部を5点測定し、それらの平均値を求めて、導電率(IACS%)とした。IACS%の数値が、36%以上であるときに優れていると判定した。導電率の測定はJIS C2525に準じて、アルバック理工株式会社製電気抵抗測定装置TER-2000RHを用い、直流4端子法にて電気抵抗を測定することにより行った。特開2012-21205号公報等に記載の方法に則って測定した。
前記供試材の肉厚中心部で、鍛流線方向に対して試験片の長手方向が直角となるように試験片(試験片:全長100mm、厚1mm,平行部:幅5mm×長さ12mm,GL12mm)を採取し、2種類の雰囲気中で、歪速度6.7×10-7 s-1 で破断まで引張試験を行った。測定N数は2以上とした。5%RH以下の乾燥雰囲気中での伸び値をδ1、90%RH以上の高湿潤雰囲気中での伸び値をδ2として、5%RH以下の乾燥雰囲気中の伸び値δ1に対する、90%RH以上の高湿潤雰囲気中の伸び値δ2の低下率[(δ
1-δ2)/δ1]を算出した。この伸び値の低下率は耐水素脆化性の指標となるものである。伸び値の低下率が0.2以下のとき、耐水素脆化性が優れていると判定し、○とした。一方、伸び値の低下率が0.2を超えるとき、耐水素脆化性が劣っていると判定し、×とした。
前記供試材の肉厚中心部で、鍛流線方向に対して試験片の長手方向が平行となるように試験片(試験片厚5mm×幅20mm×長30mm、幅20mm×長30mmの片方の面が厚中心面)を採取し、「圧縮天然ガス自動車燃料装置用容器の技術基準の解釈:別添9」に記載の方法」に従って、粒界腐食試験(浸漬時間6hr)を行い、試験終了後に試料断面(厚5mm×幅20mmの面)を研磨し、試料表面(肉厚中心部)から厚さ方向への粒界深さを測定し、最大深さ(μm)を粒界腐食深さとした。粒界腐食深さが200μm以下のとき、耐粒界腐食性が優れていると判定し、○とした。一方、粒界腐食深さが200μmを超えるとき、耐粒界腐食性が劣っていると判定し、×とした。
前記供試材からCリング形状(外径19mm,厚1.52mm,幅19mm,ジグ穴径6mm)の試験片を、リングの中心部が肉厚中心となり、Cリングの幅方向が、鍛流線方向に対して直角となるように採取し、「圧縮天然ガス自動車燃料装置用容器の技術基準の解釈:別添9」に記載の方法で交互浸漬法(3.5%塩化ナトリウム溶液中に10分間浸漬、50分間乾燥を1サイクルとして交互に実施)によるSCC試験を行った。耐力(LT方向)の90%の引張応力をCリング外周側に負荷した。割れ寿命が30日間以上(720サイクル以上)のとき、耐SCC性が優れていると判定し、○とした。一方、割れ寿命が30日間未満(720サイクル未満)のとき、耐SCC性が劣っていると判定し、×とした。
Claims (2)
- Si:0.6~1.5質量%、Mg:0.6~1.6質量%、Cu:0.1~1.0質量%およびFe:0.05~0.4質量%を含有し、Mn:0.9質量%以下、Cr:0.3質量%以下、Zr:0.15質量%以下、V:0.2質量%以下、Zn:0.25質量%以下およびTi:0.1質量%以下に規制し、残部がAlおよび不可避的不純物よりなり、前記Mn、前記Cr、前記Zrおよび前記Vの含有量の合計が0.05質量%以上であるアルミニウム合金から構成され、
耐力S(MPa)と導電率E(IACS%)に係る下記の式(1)および式(2)を満足し、
耐力Sが270MPa以上であり、
導電率Eが36IACS%以上であることを特徴とする高圧水素ガス容器用アルミニウム合金材。
S≦-10.46×E+801 ・・・(1)
S≧-25×E+1296 ・・・(2) - 請求項1に記載の高圧水素ガス容器用アルミニウム合金材の製造方法であって、前記組成を有するアルミニウム合金を鋳造して鋳塊を作製する溶解・鋳造工程と、前記鋳塊に、475~575℃で熱処理を施す均質化熱処理工程と、275~575℃で、50%以上の加工率で熱間加工を施す熱間加工工程と、溶体化処理と1℃/秒以上の冷却速度で焼入れ処理を行う調質処理工程と、160~240℃で1~48hr熱処理を施す高温時効処理工程とをこの順に行うことを特徴とする高圧水素ガス容器用アルミニウム合金材の製造方法。
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US20150316210A1 (en) | 2015-11-05 |
EP2921567B1 (en) | 2018-10-03 |
JP2014101541A (ja) | 2014-06-05 |
EP2921567A4 (en) | 2016-06-29 |
JP5925667B2 (ja) | 2016-05-25 |
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