WO2014071883A1 - 坡道起步辅助方法 - Google Patents

坡道起步辅助方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014071883A1
WO2014071883A1 PCT/CN2013/086865 CN2013086865W WO2014071883A1 WO 2014071883 A1 WO2014071883 A1 WO 2014071883A1 CN 2013086865 W CN2013086865 W CN 2013086865W WO 2014071883 A1 WO2014071883 A1 WO 2014071883A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vehicle
engine
controller
hill
slope
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/086865
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘维
应隆
Original Assignee
奥托立夫开发公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 奥托立夫开发公司 filed Critical 奥托立夫开发公司
Priority to CN201380054297.3A priority Critical patent/CN104755342B/zh
Priority to US14/437,634 priority patent/US9470157B2/en
Publication of WO2014071883A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014071883A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D29/00Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
    • F02D29/02Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving vehicles; peculiar to engines driving variable pitch propellers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18109Braking
    • B60W30/18118Hill holding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/188Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W40/00Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models
    • B60W40/02Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models related to ambient conditions
    • B60W40/06Road conditions
    • B60W40/076Slope angle of the road
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/10Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for acceleration
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/10Accelerator pedal position
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/14Clutch pedal position
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2552/00Input parameters relating to infrastructure
    • B60W2552/15Road slope, i.e. the inclination of a road segment in the longitudinal direction
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/06Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2710/0644Engine speed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/06Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2710/0666Engine torque
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D11/00Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated
    • F02D11/06Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance
    • F02D11/10Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance of the electric type
    • F02D11/105Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance of the electric type characterised by the function converting demand to actuation, e.g. a map indicating relations between an accelerator pedal position and throttle valve opening or target engine torque
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/70Input parameters for engine control said parameters being related to the vehicle exterior
    • F02D2200/702Road conditions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2250/00Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
    • F02D2250/18Control of the engine output torque

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hill start assisting method for a vehicle. Background technique
  • the starting process of the manual car on the ramp is generally divided into the following four steps: 1.
  • the driver releases the brake pedal and turns to the throttle the braking force that originally ensures that the vehicle ramp stops will disappear; 4.
  • the driving wheel of the vehicle will obtain sufficient driving force, thereby starting the vehicle on the ramp. success.
  • the driver is most difficult to grasp the second step.
  • the clutch quickly enters the fully interlocked state, which easily causes the vehicle engine to stall.
  • the driving loose clutch is too shallow, a sufficient amount of driving force cannot be transmitted to the driving wheel, and in the case where the braking force disappears in the subsequent step 3, the vehicle easily slips along the slope. A dangerous road condition has occurred.
  • the solution to the prior art is to provide a ramp start assist function for the vehicle, but this function must be implemented by an ESC (Electronic Stability Control) product, which is implemented as follows:
  • the ESC knows the size of the ramp through the longitudinal acceleration sensor; if the driver looses the clutch too shallow in the second step, in the third step, when the driver starts to release the brake pedal, the ESC closes The internal solenoid valve can continue to retain the braking force in the brake line. Since the braking force remains, the vehicle can continue to stop on the ramp without slipping backwards.
  • the ESC communicates with the engine.
  • the braking force in the brake pipe is immediately released. At this time, although there is no braking force, the vehicle will overcome under the driving force.
  • the ramp resistance starts and does not slip backwards; as the driver continues to step on the throttle, drive The power is correspondingly gradually increased, the vehicle will start to move forward, and the above-mentioned ramp start assist function will be withdrawn.
  • a disadvantage of the ESC-implemented ramp start-up method commonly used in the prior art is that this method can only be implemented by ESC products, but the assembly rate of ESC in the existing market is very low, for example, in the Chinese market. Only about 15%. Moreover, most of the vehicles equipped with ESC products are high-end automatic transmissions, so the proportion of ESC ramp start assisting functions in manual transmission vehicles is lower. In addition, the price of ESC products is relatively expensive, and the price in China is about 800-1000 yuan.
  • the present invention provides a ramp start assisting method which aims to solve the drawbacks of the prior art which are prone to back slip or easy to extinguish when starting.
  • the present invention provides a hill start assisting method for a vehicle, the method comprising: a first step: sensing a magnitude of a ramp resistance when the vehicle is parked on a ramp; Detecting the starting intention of the ramp when the vehicle changes the vehicle-related parameters or state that occurs when starting on the ramp; Step 3: After detecting the starting intention of the ramp, converting the sensed ramp resistance to the target torque of the engine, The engine is controlled to raise its torque to the target torque.
  • the present invention also provides a controller for assisting a ramp start of a vehicle, wherein the controller includes: a first device, the first device for sensing when the vehicle is parked on a ramp a magnitude of the ramp resistance; a second device for detecting a ramp start intention based on a change in a vehicle related parameter or state that occurs when the vehicle is started on the ramp; and a third device, the third device After detecting the starting intention of the ramp, converting the sensed ramp resistance to the target torque of the engine, controlling the engine to raise its torque to the target Moment.
  • the controller is selected from any one of the group consisting of: an engine controller, a safety gas controller, an ABS controller, and an ESC controller.
  • the longitudinal acceleration sensor can be set independently of the controller or integrated within the controller.
  • the vehicle is a manual vehicle
  • the controller detects a hill start intention based on a change in engine speed.
  • the detection of the engine speed change is achieved by the following process: Starting the slow release clutch pedal, the engine is gradually changed from the idle idle state to the idle load state, and the engine speed is detected to change.
  • the clutch pedal is continued, and when the engine speed drops to the normal idle speed, the target torque of the engine is completely transmitted to the drive wheels.
  • the vehicle is an automatic car, and in the second step, detecting the ramp start intention by the brake pedal switch signal detecting that the brake pedal is fully released.
  • the hill start assisting method of the present invention allows the engine to have a sufficient torque reserve in advance by the controller, so that the drive wheel can obtain sufficient driving force at a subsequent further start, thereby ensuring that the vehicle does not slip backward.
  • the ramp start assist method referred to in the present invention can be implemented in a variety of vehicles, including manual and auto-railed vehicles, since it is not dependent on ESC products.
  • the engine torque is increased at an early stage of the driver's loose pedaling process, the engine speed is increased, which may be somewhat to some extent compared to the case where the engine is completely idle. Avoid causing the engine to be extinguished due to the loose or too deep clutch.
  • the vehicle is more easy to operate during the start of the ramp, and thus has more practical application value.
  • 1 is a flow chart showing the operation of the ramp start assisting method of the present invention in the starting process of a vehicle ramp;
  • FIG. 2 is a system block diagram showing a hill start assisting method applied by the present invention under the control of an ABS controller;
  • Figure 3 shows a system block diagram of a ramp start assist method to which the present invention is applied under the control of a safety air brake controller.
  • the ramp start assisting method of the present invention can be integrally controlled by a controller having a CAN communication function in a vehicle, for example, can be controlled by a controller: an engine controller, a safety gas controller, an ABS controller, an ESC controller Any one.
  • the ramp start assist method referred to in the present invention can be implemented in a variety of vehicles, including manual and automatic vehicles, since it does not rely on ESC products.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart showing the operation of the ramp start assisting method of the present invention during vehicle ramp start.
  • step 101 initially, the vehicle is stopped on the ramp, and the magnitude of the ramp resistance can be sensed by the first device of the controller, such as a longitudinal acceleration sensor.
  • the first device of the controller such as a longitudinal acceleration sensor.
  • the longitudinal acceleration sensor can be set independently of the controller or integrated into the controller, for example integrated into a circuit board within the controller.
  • step 101 the driver 3 steps on the brake pedal to ensure that the vehicle is stationary on the ramp.
  • step 101 if the vehicle is a manual car, the driver also needs to step on the clutch pedal to prepare for the subsequent vehicle start.
  • step 102 when the driver attempts to start on the ramp, the driver may be detected on the slope by a controller, such as a second device of the controller, based on a change in vehicle related parameters or status that occurs at the start. The intention to start on the road.
  • a controller such as a second device of the controller
  • the drive can be detected by a change in engine speed.
  • the starting intention of the driver In particular, when the driver attempts to start on the ramp, the driver begins to loosen the clutch pedal, causing the clutch to enter a semi-coupling state, during which the engine is gradually connected to the vehicle transmission system, whereby the engine is in a fully idle idling state ( The idle speed is, for example, about 800-900 rpm, and gradually becomes an idle load state (at this time, the engine speed is, for example, about 500-600 rpm), whereby the driver's intention to start on the ramp can be detected.
  • the idle speed is, for example, about 800-900 rpm, and gradually becomes an idle load state (at this time, the engine speed is, for example, about 500-600 rpm), whereby the driver's intention to start on the ramp can be detected.
  • the engine speed can be sensed by an engine speed sensor configured in the engine management system, and the sensed engine speed change can be communicated to the controller via CAN communication.
  • the driver's starting intention can be detected by the release of the brake pedal. Specifically, when the driver attempts to start on the ramp, the driver releases the brake pedal. Release of the brake pedal can be detected by the brake pedal switch, and the signal that the brake pedal switch changes means that the driver is ready to start the vehicle, and the read signal can also be transmitted to the controller via CAN communication.
  • the controller After detecting the driver's ramp start intention, in step 103, the controller, such as the third device of the controller, converts the sensed ramp resistance to the target torque of the engine, as specifically converted as follows:
  • the controller sends a torque request to the engine to raise its torque to the target torque via software control or communication control (eg, engine-related CAN communication connection), eg Raised to the target torque T UrgEt , so that the engine has enough torque reserve, because the clutch is in a light semi-coupling state, the engine has only a small torque output, and most of the torque reserve is used to accelerate the engine itself, so the engine speed Turning up (for example, the speed is about 1200-2000 rev / min)
  • step 104 since the engine has been lifted to the target torque, the target torque as the torque reserve is transmitted to the drive wheels through the vehicle legacy system for the load, thereby enabling the drive wheels to obtain sufficient driving force to overcome the ramp resistance. Therefore, during the process of starting to release the brake pedal and then stepping on the accelerator pedal, the vehicle will not slip backwards.
  • the driver continues to loosen the pedal, the clutch is gradually in a heavier semi-coupling state, and when the engine speed drops to the normal idle speed, it indicates that the engine's torque reserve has been mostly used for the load. , that is, has been passed to the drive wheel.
  • step 105 the driver depresses the accelerator pedal to allow the vehicle to obtain more drive power, whereby the vehicle can travel forward and the ramp start assist function will be exited.
  • the present invention can also have a flameout preventing function. Since the driver's torque is increased at an earlier stage of the loose clutch process, and thus the engine speed is increased, the clutch may be loosened too fast or too deep compared to the case where the engine is completely idle. And the engine is turned off.
  • the controller for controlling the hill start assisting method may be any one of an engine controller, a safety air brake controller, an ABS controller, and an ESC controller.
  • the ABS controller obtains engine speed and torque from the engine management system through CAN communication, and senses the slope resistance from the longitudinal acceleration sensor. By changing the engine speed, it is possible to detect the driver's intention to start on the ramp. The ABS controller then converts the magnitude of the sensed ramp resistance to the target torque of the engine. Subsequently, the ABS controller sends an instruction to the engine for torque reserve via CAN communication. Then, the driver starts to step on the accelerator pedal, and in the process, the drive wheel obtains sufficient driving force due to the existence of the torque reserve, and the vehicle does not slip backward. Continue to step on the accelerator pedal and the vehicle will drive forward.
  • the safety gas controller is also taken as an example.
  • the safety air damper controller obtains the engine speed and torque from the engine management system through CAN communication, and obtains four wheel speed signals and brake pedal switch signals from the safety air damper controller through CAN communication.
  • the longitudinal acceleration sensor of the safety air filter controller obtains the magnitude of the ramp resistance, and then judges to issue a torque reserve command to the engine through CAN communication. By the change in engine speed, the driver's intention to start on the ramp can be detected.
  • the safety air damper controller then converts the magnitude of the sensed ramp resistance to the target torque of the engine. Subsequently, the safety gas controller sends a command to the engine for torque reserve via CAN communication.
  • the driver starts to step on the accelerator pedal, and in the process, the driving wheel obtains sufficient driving force due to the existence of the torque reserve, and the vehicle does not slip backward. Continue to step on the accelerator pedal and the vehicle will drive forward.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Control Of Driving Devices And Active Controlling Of Vehicle (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于车辆的坡道起步辅助方法,由车载控制器感测坡道起步意图,并将感测到的坡道阻力换算成目标扭矩,通过控制器使发动机提前具有足够的扭矩储备,因此在随后的进一步起步时,驱动轮能够获得足够的驱动力,由此确保车辆不会后溜。另外,在手动挡汽车的情况下,由于在驾驶员松离合器过程的较早阶段便将发动机扭矩提升,进而使得发动机的转速升高,相比在发动机完全怠速的情况下,可以一定程度上避免由于离合器松的过快或过深而导致的发动机被憋熄火。

Description

坡道起步辅助方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于车辆的坡道起步辅助方法。 背景技术
目前, 手动挡汽车在坡道上的起步过程一般分为如下四个步骤: 1、 驾驶员脚踩制动踏板产生制动力, 确保车辆在坡道上停稳; 2、 接着慢松 离合器踏板, 致使车身抖动, 让离合器处于半联动状态, 以便将一定的 驱动力传递到驱动轮; 3、 驾驶员松开制动踏板转而去踩油门, 此时原先 确保车辆坡道停稳的制动力将消失; 4、驾驶员同时或稍后松开离合踏板, 使离合器处于完全联动状态或将处于完全联动状态; 5、 车辆的驱动轮将 随之获得足够的驱动力, 由此, 车辆在坡道上的起步成功。
在上述手动挡汽车在坡道上的起步过程中, 驾驶员对于第 2 步骤的 火候把握最为困难。 在第 2 步骤中, 如果驾驶员松离合过快, 则离合器 快速进入完全联动状态, 容易导致车辆发动机熄火。 然而, 在此步骤中, 如果驾驶 松离合过浅, 则无法将足量的驱动力传递到驱动轮, 在随后 第 3 步骤下制动力消失的情况下, 车辆很容易沿着坡道后溜, 出现道路 危险状况。
为此, 现有技术的解决之道是为车辆提供坡道起步辅助功能, 但是 该功能必须通过 ESC ( Electronic Stabi l i ty Control,电子稳定性控制 ) 产品来实现, 具体实现方式为: 在第 1步驟中, ESC通过纵向加速度传感 器得知坡道的大小; 如果在第 2步驟中驾驶员松离合过浅, 则在第 3步 骤中, 在驾驶员开始松开制动踏板时, ESC通过关闭其内部的电磁阀, 制 动管路中可继续保留制动力, 由于制动力依然保留, 则车辆在坡道上仍 可继续停稳而不会后溜; 随后在第 4步骤中, ESC与发动机通讯, 探测到 驾驶员踩油门的过程中出现足够的驱动力来克服坡道阻力时, 立即将制 动管路内的制动力释放, 此时尽管没有了制动力, 但车辆在驱动力作用 下将克服坡道阻力开始起动而不会后溜; 随着驾驶员继续踩动油门, 驱 动力也相应地逐渐增大, 车辆将开始向前行驶, 而上述坡道起步辅助功 能将退出。
现有技术所普遍使用的上述由 ESC 实现的坡道起步辅助方法的缺陷 在于, 这一方法只能通过 ESC产品来实现, 然而 ESC在现有市场上的装 配率很低, 例如, 在中国市场只有约 15%。 而且装配有 ESC产品的车辆大 部分是高端的自动挡汽车, 因此手动挡汽车中装有 ESC坡道起步辅助功 能的比例更低。另夕卜, ESC产品的价格较为昂贵,在中国售价约 800—1000 元。
还需要注意的是, 对于上述传统的坡道起步辅助系统, 为了能够在 驾驶员松开制动踏板时在制动管路中继续保留制动力, 需要安装一种特 定的所谓的 "隔离阀", 例如前面所述的电磁阀。 而这种隔离阀通常只能 装配于 ESC产品中, 在广泛使用的车辆防抱死(ABS )产品中通常不设置 这种阀。 发明内容
本发明提供了一种坡道起步辅助方法,旨在解决现有技术中存在的起 步时容易后溜或者易于熄火等缺陷。
具体而言, 本发明提供一种用于车辆的坡道起步辅助方法, 所述方 法包括: 第一步骤: 在车辆停驻在坡道上时, 感测坡道阻力的大小; 第 二步骤: 基于车辆在坡道上起步时出现的车辆相关参数或状态的变化而 探测坡道起步意图; 第三步骤: 在探测到坡道起步意图后, 将所感测到 的坡道阻力换算成发动机的目标扭矩, 控制发动机以将其扭矩提升至所 述目标扭矩。
本发明还提供一种用于辅助车辆的坡道起步的控制器, 其特征在于, 所述控制器包括: 第一装置, 所述第一装置用于在车辆停驻在坡道上时, 感测坡道阻力的大小; 第二装置, 所述第二装置用于基于车辆在坡道上 起步时出现的车辆相关参数或状态的变化而探测坡道起步意图; 第三装 置, 所述第三装置用于在探测到坡道起步意图后, 将所感测到的坡道阻 力换算成发动机的目标扭矩, 控制发动机以将其扭矩提升至所述目标扭 矩。
具体地, 所述控制器选自如下组中任一种: 发动机控制器、 安全气 嚢控制器、 ABS控制器、 ESC控制器。
可选地, 所述纵向加速度传感器可独立于控制器设置, 或者集成在 控制器内。
可选地, 所述车辆是手动挡汽车, 在第二步骤中所述控制器基于发 动机转速的变化来探测坡道起步意图。
具体而言, 发动机转速变化的探测通过如下过程实现: 开始慢松离 合踏板, 发动机由完全怠速空转状态逐渐变成怠速负载状态, 则探测到 发动机的转速发生变化。
更具体地, 在第三步驟后, 继续松离合踏板, 当发动机转速下降到 正常的怠速转速时, 发动机的目标扭矩被完全传递到驱动轮上。
可选地, 所述车辆是自动挡汽车, 在第二步骤中, 通过制动踏板开 关信号探测到制动踏板被完全松开来探测所述坡道起步意图。
本发明的坡道起步辅助方法通过控制器使发动机提前具有足够的扭 矩储备, 因此在随后的进一步起步时, 驱动轮能够获得足够的驱动力, 由此确保车辆不会后溜。 本发明所提到的坡道起步辅助方法由于不依赖 于 ESC产品, 因此可以在多种车辆中实现, 包括手动挡汽车和自动挡汽 车。 另外, 在手动挡汽车的情况下, 由于在驾驶员松离合踏板过程的较 早阶段便将发动机扭矩提升, 进而使得发动机的转速升高, 相比在发动 机完全怠速的情况下, 可以一定程度上避免由于离合器松的过快或过深 而导致发动机被憋熄火。 通过上述方法, 使车辆在坡道起步过程中更加 易于操作, 因此更具实际应用价值。 附图说明
图 1示出采用本发明坡道起步辅助方法在车辆坡道起步过程中的工 作流程图;
图 2示出在 ABS控制器的控制下本发明所应用的坡道起步辅助方法的 系统框图; 图 3示出在安全气嚢控制器的控制下本发明所应用的坡道起步辅助 方法的系统框图。 具体实施方式
在下文中, 相同的附图标记指代相同的元件。
本发明的坡道起步辅助方法可以由车辆中具有 CAN通讯功能的控制 器进行整体控制, 例如可由如下控制器进行控制: 发动机控制器、 安全 气嚢控制器、 ABS控制器、 ESC控制器中的任一种。
本发明所提到的坡道起步辅助方法由于不依赖于 ESC产品, 因此可 以在多种车辆中实现, 包括手动挡汽车和自动挡汽车。
图 1 示出釆用本发明坡道起步辅助方法在车辆坡道起步过程中的工 作流程图。
如图 1所示, 在步骤 101 中, 初始时, 车辆在坡道上停稳, 此时可 以通过控制器的第一装置, 例如纵向加速度传感器, 来感测坡道阻力的 大小。
所述纵向加速度传感器既可以独立于控制器之外设置, 也可以集成 在控制器内, 例如集成于控制器内的电路板中。
上述坡道阻力大小的具体计算公式如下:
Fx = m* i
Fx ―坡道阻力, 单位: 牛顿(N )
m -汽车重量, 单位: 千克 (kg )
i -坡道大小, 单位: 米每平方秒(m/s2 )。
在步骤 101 中, 驾 3史员踩下制动踏板, 以确保车辆在坡道上停稳。 另外, 在这一步骤中, 如果车辆是手动挡汽车, 则驾驶员还需踩下离合 踏板, 为随后的车辆起步做准备。
随后, 在步骤 102 中, 当驾驶员试图在坡道上起步时, 可以通过控 制器, 例如控制器的第二装置, 基于起步时出现的车辆相关参数或状态 的变化而探测到驾驶员具有在坡道上起步的意图。
例如, 对于手动挡汽车而言, 可以通过发动机转速的变化来探测驾 驶员的起步意图。 特别地, 当驾驶员试图在坡道上起步时, 驾驶员开始 慢松离合踏板, 使离合器进入半联动状态, 在此期间, 发动机逐渐和车 辆传动系统连接, 由此, 发动机由完全怠速空转状态 (怠速转速例如约 为 800- 900转 /分钟)逐渐变成怠速负载状态(此时发动机转速例如约为 500-600转 /分钟), 由此, 就可以探测到驾驶员具在坡道上起步的意图。 特别注意的是, 发动机转速可以由发动机管理系统中配置的发动机转速 传感器感测, 所感测的发动机转速的变化可以通过 CAN通讯传送到控制 器。
对于自动挡汽车而言, 可以通过制动踏板的松开来探测驾驶员的起 步意图。 具体而言, 当驾驶员试图在坡道上起步时, 驾驶员松开制动踏 板。 松开制动踏板可被制动踏板开关探测到, 而制动踏板开关变化的信 号则意味着司机准备启动车辆, 而读信号也可通过 CAN通讯传送到控制 器。
在探测到驾驶员的坡道起步意图后, 在步骤 103 中, 控制器, 例如 控制器的第三装置, 将感测的坡道阻力大小换算成发动机的目标扭矩, 具体换算如下:
T = Fx * r / i。 / i】
Tta ^—发动机目标扭矩
Fx ―坡道阻力, 单位: 牛顿(N)
r -车轮半径, 单位: 米(m)
i。―主减速器比, 单位: 无
-一 4^传动比, 单位: 无 随后, 控制器通过软件控制或通讯控制(例如, 与发动机相关的 CAN 通讯连接)来发送升扭请求到发动机以将其扭矩提升至所述目标扭矩, 例如提升至目标扭矩 TUrgEt , 使得发动机有足够的扭矩储备, 由于此时离 合器处于较轻的半联动状态, 发动机只有较小的扭矩输出, 而大部分的 扭矩储备用来加速发动机自身, 所以发动机转速转而升高 (例如, 转速 约为 1200-2000转 /分钟) 随后, 在步骤 104 中, 由于发动机已经提升至目标扭矩, 因此, 作 为扭矩储备的目标扭矩通过车辆传统系统传递到驱动轮上用于负载, 由 此使驱动轮获得足够的驱动力以克服坡道阻力。 因此, 在驾驶 开始松 开制动踏板转而踩油门踏板的过程中, 车辆不会后溜。
特别地在手动挡汽车的情况下, 驾驶员继续松离合踏板, 离合器逐 渐处于较重的半联动状态, 当发动机转速下降到正常的怠速转速时, 表 明发动机的扭矩储备已经被大部分用于负载, 即已经被传递到驱动轮上。
另外, 在自动挡汽车的情况下, 驾驶员继续松开制动踏板, 直至完 全松开。 如上文所述, 扭矩储备使驱动轮获得足够的驱动力。 因此, 在 从松开制动踏板到踩下油门踏板的过程中, 车辆不会后溜。
最后, 在步骤 105 中, 驾驶员踩下油门踏板, 使车辆获得更多的驱 动力, 由此, 车辆就可以向前行驶, 此时将退出坡道起步辅助功能。
另外, 在手动挡汽车的情况下, 本发明还可以具有防止熄火功能。 由于在驾驶员在松离合器过程的较早阶段便将发动机扭矩提升, 进而使 得发动机的转速升高, 相比在发动机完全怠速的情况下, 可以一定程度 上避免由于离合器松的过快或过深而导致发动机被憋熄火。
上文提到, 对坡道起步辅助方法进行控制的控制器可以是发动机控 制器、 安全气嚢控制器、 ABS控制器、 ESC控制器中的任一种。
以 ABS控制器为例, 如图 1所示, ABS控制器通过 CAN通讯从发动机 管理系统得到发动机转速和扭矩, 从纵向加速度传感器感测坡道阻力的 大小。 通过发动机转速的变化, 就可以探测到驾驶员在坡道上起步的意 图。 随后, ABS控制器将所感测的坡道阻力的大小换算成发动机的目标扭 矩。 随后, ABS控制器通过 CAN通讯给发动机发出进行扭矩储备的指令。 然后, 驾驶员开始踩油门踏板, 在此过程中由于扭矩储备的存在使驱动 轮获得足够的驱动力, 车辆不会后溜。 继续踩油门踏板, 车辆就将向前 行驶。
另外, 还以安全气嚢控制器为例。 类似地, 如图 3所示, 安全气嚢 控制器通过 CAN通讯从发动机管理系统得到发动机转速和扭矩,通过 CAN 通讯从安全气嚢控制器得到四个轮速信号和制动踏板开关信号, 从内置 于安全气嚢控制器自身的纵向加速度传感器得到坡道阻力的大小, 然后 经过判断, 通过 CAN通讯给发动机发出扭矩储备的指令。 通过发动机转 速的变化, 就可以探测到驾驶员在坡道上起步的意图。 随后, 安全气嚢 控制器将所感测的坡道阻力的大小换算成发动机的目标扭矩。 随后, 安 全气嚢控制器通过 CAN通讯给发动机发出进行扭矩储备的指令。 然后, 驾驶员开始踩油门踏板, 在此过程中由于扭矩储备的存在使驱动轮获得 足够的驱动力, 车辆不会后溜。 继续踩油门踏板, 车辆就将向前行驶。
本领域技术人员还可以理解的是, 本发明的保护范围并不仅限于上 述实施例, 所有对本发明的等同变换均落在本发明的范围内。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种用于车辆的坡道起步辅助方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括: 第一步骤: 在车辆停驻在坡道上时, 感测坡道阻力的大小;
第二步骤: 基于车辆在坡道上起步时出现的车辆相关参数或状态的 变化而探测坡道起步意图;
第三步骤: 在探测到坡道起步意图后,, 将所感测到的坡道阻力换算 成发动机的目标扭矩, 控制发动机以将其扭矩提升至所述目标扭矩。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的坡道起步辅助方法, 其特征在于, 当所述 车辆是手动挡汽车时, 在第二步骤中,基于离合踏板松开过程中发动机转 速的变化来探测坡道起步意图。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的坡道起步辅助方法, 其特征在于, 发动机 转速变化的探测通过如下过程实现: 探测到发动机由完全怠速空转状态 逐渐变成怠速负载状态, 则确定发动机的转速发生变化。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的坡道起步辅助方法, 其特征在于, 当所述 车辆是自动挡汽车时, 在第二步骤中, 通过制动踏板开关信号探测到制 动 板被完全松开来探测所述坡道起步意图。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的坡道起步辅助方法, 其特征在于, 发动机 转速变化的探测通过如下过程实现: 在制动踏板松开过程中, 探测到发 动机由完全怠速空转状态逐渐变成怠速负载状态, 则确定发动机的转速 发生变化。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的坡道起步辅助方法, 其特征在于, 在第一 步骤中, 通过如下公式计算坡道阻力:
Fx= m* i ,
其中, Fx表示坡道阻力, 单位为牛顿; m表示汽车重量, 单位为千 克; i表示坡道大小, 单位为 m/s2
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的坡道起步辅助方法, 其特征在于, 在第三 步骤中, 通过如下公式换算发动机的目标扭矩:
Ttarg6t=Fx* r/ i o/ i i , 其中 Ttargel表示发动机的目标扭矩; Fx表示坡道阻力, 单位为牛顿; r表示车轮半径, 单位为米; iQ表示主减速器比, 表示一挡传动比。
8、 一种用于辅助车辆的坡道起步的控制器, 其特征在于, 所述控制 器包括:
第一装置, 所述第一装置用于在车辆停驻在坡道上时, 感测坡道阻 力的大小;
第二装置, 所述第二装置用于基于车辆在坡道上起步时出现的车辆 相关参数或状态的变化而探测坡道起步意图;
第三装置, 所述第三装置用于在探测到坡道起步意图后, 将所感测 到的坡道阻力换算成发动机的目标扭矩, 控制发动机以将其扭矩提升至 所述目标扭矩。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的用于辅助车辆的坡道起步的控制器, 其特 征在于, 所述车辆是手动挡汽车, 所述第二装置基于离合踏板松开过程 中发动机转速的变化来探测坡道起步意图。
10、 根据权利要求 9 所述的用于辅助车辆的坡道起步的控制器, 其 特征在于, 发动机转速变化的探测通过如下过程实现: 探测到发动机由 完全怠速空转状态逐渐变成怠速负载状态, 则确定发动机的转速发生变 化。
11、 根据权利要求 8 所述的用于辅助车辆的坡道起步的控制器, 其 特征在于, 当所述车辆是自动挡汽车时, 所述第二装置通过制动踏板开 关信号探测到制动踏板被完全松开来探测所述坡道起步意图。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的用于辅助车辆的坡道起步的控制器, 其 特征在于, 发动机转速变化的探测通过如下过程实现: 在制动踏板松开 过程中, 探测到发动机由完全怠速空转状态逐渐变成怠速负载状态, 则 确定发动机的转速发生变化。
13、 根据权利要求 8 所述的用于辅助车辆的坡道起步的控制器, 其 特征在于, 所述第一装置通过如下公式计算坡道阻力:
Fx= m* i ,
其中, Fx表示坡道阻力, 单位为牛顿; ffl表示汽车重量, 单位为千 克; i表示坡道大小, 单位为 m/s2
14、 根据权利要求 13所述的用于辅助车辆的坡道起步的控制器, 其 特征在于, 所述第三装置通过如下公式换算发动机的目标扭矩:
Figure imgf000012_0001
其中 Ttarget表示发动机的目标扭矩; Fx表示坡道阻力 , 单位为牛顿; r表示车轮半径, 单位为米; iD表示主减速器比, 表示一挡传动比。
15、 根据权利要求 8所述的用于辅助车辆的坡道起步的控制器, 其 特征在于, 所述控制器选自如下组中任一种: 发动机控制器、 安全气嚢 控制器、 ABS控制器、 ESC控制器。
16、 根据权利要求 8 所述的用于辅助车辆的坡道起步的控制器, 其 特征在于, 所述第一装置为纵向加速度传感器, 所述纵向加速度传感器 设置在控制器外, 或者集成在控制器内。
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