WO2014063407A1 - 改性高能量密度锂离子电池正极材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

改性高能量密度锂离子电池正极材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2014063407A1
WO2014063407A1 PCT/CN2012/085653 CN2012085653W WO2014063407A1 WO 2014063407 A1 WO2014063407 A1 WO 2014063407A1 CN 2012085653 W CN2012085653 W CN 2012085653W WO 2014063407 A1 WO2014063407 A1 WO 2014063407A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
positive electrode
precursor
electrode material
layer
lithium
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/085653
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
毕玉敬
王辰云
周晶晶
林欢
王德宇
Original Assignee
中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 filed Critical 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所
Priority to US14/438,875 priority Critical patent/US10050263B2/en
Publication of WO2014063407A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014063407A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • H01M4/366Composites as layered products
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G51/00Compounds of cobalt
    • C01G51/40Cobaltates
    • C01G51/42Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2
    • C01G51/44Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese
    • C01G51/50Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(CoxMn1-x)O2, Li(MyCoxMn1-x-y)O2
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G53/00Compounds of nickel
    • C01G53/04Oxides; Hydroxides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G53/00Compounds of nickel
    • C01G53/40Nickelates
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0416Methods of deposition of the material involving impregnation with a solution, dispersion, paste or dry powder
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0471Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/485Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/70Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/01Particle morphology depicted by an image
    • C01P2004/03Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/30Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
    • C01P2004/32Spheres
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/80Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
    • C01P2004/82Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases
    • C01P2004/84Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases one phase coated with the other
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027Negative electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of energy materials, and particularly relates to a modified high energy density lithium ion battery cathode material and a preparation method thereof. Background technique
  • Lithium-ion batteries have outstanding advantages such as high energy density, long cycle life, low self-discharge efficiency, no memory effect, and good safety. They are widely used in life and production, such as portable electronic products, power supplies, energy storage power stations, etc. . With the improvement of living standards and the demand for technological advancement, many new requirements have been put forward for the development of lithium-ion batteries. It is urgent to develop batteries with higher energy density and better safety.
  • the improvement of cathode material performance is one of the keys to improving the performance of lithium-ion batteries, and it is also the focus of research and development.
  • Nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary layered materials are gradually increasing in practical applications due to their outstanding advantages.
  • the ternary layered high-nickel material is considered to be the most promising application in digital batteries, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in electric vehicles, pure electric vehicles, etc. due to its high capacity, good rate performance and low price.
  • Positive electrode material is considered to be the most promising application in digital batteries, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in electric vehicles, pure electric vehicles, etc. due to its high capacity, good rate performance and low price.
  • the current improved method is to coat the surface of the material with an inert substance such as Al 2 O 3 , MgO, SiO 2 , A1F 3 , Ni 3 ( PO 4 ) 2 , ⁇ 1 ⁇ 4, etc.
  • an inert substance such as Al 2 O 3 , MgO, SiO 2 , A1F 3 , Ni 3 ( PO 4 ) 2 , ⁇ 1 ⁇ 4, etc.
  • most coating methods are for the post-sintering material. For example, first, a hydroxide or carbonate precursor of Ni, Co, and Mn is prepared, mixed with a lithium salt, and sintered to obtain a nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary layered material, which continues to settle on the surface of the material or adsorb the coating material. The hydroxide or carbonate is decomposed into a corresponding coating material at a high temperature by re-calcination to obtain a coated positive electrode material.
  • the principle of coating is mainly to reduce the direct contact between high nickel material and air and electrolyte.
  • the most harmful to the electrode material in the electrolyte is H 2 O, which can react with the electrolyte to form HF corrosion electrode to dissolve the transition metal in the cathode material.
  • a trace amount of HF in the electrolyte reacts with the oxide to form a corresponding fluoride deposited on the surface of the material, and further protects the positive electrode material.
  • this process can form a cladding layer, since the coating process usually requires the treatment of the sintered high nickel material in water or an organic solvent, it is necessary to increase the secondary calcination, and inevitably, a small portion will be in the calcination process.
  • Ni 3+ in the crystal lattice to NiO produces a local spinel phase, which causes a decrease in material capacity, a deterioration in circulation, gas production, and an increase in battery safety hazards.
  • the content of the coating is small, a uniform coating layer cannot be formed, and the coating material is not electrochemically active, and the lithium ion deintercalation ability cannot be obtained.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a novel positive electrode material, a preparation method thereof and use thereof, which can effectively reduce the content of nickel on the surface.
  • a positive electrode material comprising a core, a transition layer and a shell layer from the inside to the outside.
  • the positive electrode material has a spherical structure.
  • the positive electrode material further includes a protective layer outside the shell layer.
  • the shell layer is Li 1+x Nin z Co y Mn z O 2 , wherein -0.1 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.2, 0.5 ⁇ y+z 1 .
  • the transition layer is selected from one or two of Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , MgO, SiO 2 , ZnO 2 , TiO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , LiAlO 2 , Li 2 ZrO 3 More than one combination.
  • the core is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl
  • the protective layer is selected from the group consisting of Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , MgO, SiO 2 , ZnO 2 , TiO 2 ,
  • the positive electrode material comprises a core, a transition layer, and a shell layer from the inside to the outside; wherein the shell layer is Li 1+x Ni 1-yz Co y Mn z O 2 , wherein -0 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 0 ⁇ 2, 0.5 y+zl, 0.5 yl, 0
  • the transition layer is selected from one or a combination of two or more of Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , MgO, SiO 2 , ZnO 2 , TiO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , LiA10 2 , Li 2 ZrO 3 ;
  • the core is Li 1+r Ni 1-st Co s Mn t O 2 , wherein -0.1 ⁇ r ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ s+t ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ s ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ t ⁇ 0.5;
  • the positive electrode material further includes a protective layer outside the shell layer, the protective layer being selected from the group consisting of ⁇ 1 2 ⁇ 3 , ZrO 2 , MgO, SiO 2 , ZnO 2 , TiO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , LiAlO 2 one or a combination of two or more of Li 2 ZrO 3 .
  • the ratio of the total number of moles of Co, Ni, and Mn in the protective layer to the total number of moles of Co, Ni, and Mn in the core is 0.3.
  • the transition layer has a thickness of from 1 to 50 nm, a thickness of the shell layer of 50 ⁇ to 4 ⁇ , and a thickness of the protective layer of from 1 to 50 nm.
  • the shell layer and the core layer are both a-NaF e O 2 type lattice structures, and the space group is -3 mHo
  • the positive electrode material has 1 to 10 transition layers and/or has 1 to 10 shell layers. In another preferred embodiment, the positive electrode material has 1 to 5 transition layers and/or has 1 to 5 shell layers; preferably, the positive electrode material has 1 to 3 transition layers and/or has 1 ⁇ 3 layers of shell.
  • the Ni content in the core is greater than the Ni content in the shell.
  • the core is The transition layer is Li 2 ZrO 3 ; the shell layer is LiNi 1-y Co y Mn z O 2 , 0.5 y+z 1 .
  • the method for preparing a positive electrode material according to the first aspect characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
  • the precursor P30 is uniformly mixed with a lithium salt and sintered to obtain the positive electrode material.
  • step (a) a solution of three salts of Ni, Co, and Mn is added to the aqueous ammonia solution under air or an inert gas atmosphere, and the pH of the solution is adjusted to 7 to 14 by adding ammonia water and alkali solution, and the sedimentation ends. After that, the precipitate is filtered, washed with water, and dried to obtain a precursor.
  • the inert atmosphere is a mixed gas of nitrogen, argon or argon
  • the Ni salt is one or more of a sulfate, a nitrate, a chloride or an acetate of Ni
  • the Co salt is One or more of a sulfate, a nitrate, a chloride, and an acetate of Co
  • the Mn salt being a sulfate, a nitrate, a chloride, or an acetate of Mn
  • One or two or more kinds of the bases are one or more selected from the group consisting of NaOH, LiOH, and KOH.
  • step (a) after the sedimentation is completed, stirring is continued for 1 to 20 hours.
  • the precursor of the transition layer is a hydroxide of A; wherein the A is Al, Mg, Zr, Fe, V, Ti, Sr, Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni, One or more of Co, Mn, and Y.
  • the precursor of the shell layer in the step (c) is a hydroxide of B; wherein the B is one or more of Ni, Co, and Mn.
  • the lithium salt is one or more selected from the group consisting of lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium chloride, lithium nitrate, and lithium acetate.
  • the sintered atmosphere is one or more of air, oxygen, nitrogen, and argon.
  • the method includes:
  • the Co salt is one or more of a sulfate, a nitrate, a chloride, and an acetate of Co
  • the Mn salt is a sulfate, a nitrate, a chloride, or an acetate of Mn.
  • the base is one or more of NaOH, LiOH, and KOH;
  • the coated precursor (d) mixing the coated precursor with a lithium salt and sintering to obtain a positive electrode material; wherein the lithium salt is one of lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium chloride, lithium nitrate, lithium acetate or Two or more of the sintering atmospheres are one or more of air, oxygen, nitrogen, and argon.
  • the step (d) is carried out once or twice (preferably 2 to 5 times), and the sintering temperature is 50-500 ° C higher than the previous sintering temperature.
  • the method also includes the steps of:
  • the protective layer being an oxide of C, the C being selected from the group consisting of: Al, Mg, Zr, Fe, V, Ti, Sr, Cr And one or more of Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Mn, and Y.
  • the molar ratio of the coated precursor to the lithium salt is from 0.9 to 1.2. In another preferred embodiment, the molar ratio of the total content of the elements in the transition layer to the total content of the elements in the precursor Nii ⁇ COyMi OH is 0.3; the total content of the elements in the shell layer and the precursor
  • a lithium ion battery comprising the positive electrode material of the first aspect. It is to be understood that within the scope of the present invention, the various technical features of the present invention and the technical features specifically described hereinafter (as in the embodiments) may be combined with each other to constitute a new or preferred technical solution. Limited to the length, no longer repeated here.
  • Figure 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of a precursor in Comparative Example 1.
  • Figure 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of a precursor prepared in Comparative Example 2.
  • Figure 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of the precursor prepared in Example 1.
  • Figure 4 is a scanning electron micrograph of the precursor prepared in Example 2.
  • Figure 5 is a scanning electron micrograph of the precursor prepared in Example 3.
  • Figure 6 is a scanning electron micrograph of the precursor prepared in Example 4.
  • Figure 7 is a comparison of the EDS spectrum of the precursor of Comparative Example 1.
  • Figure 8 is a comparison of the EDS spectrum of the precursor of Comparative Example 2.
  • Figure 9 is a diagram showing the EDS spectrum of the precursor of Example 1.
  • Figure 10 is a diagram showing the EDS spectrum of the precursor of Example 2.
  • Figure 11 is a diagram showing the EDS spectrum of the precursor of Example 3.
  • Figure 12 is a diagram showing the EDS spectrum of the precursor of Example 4.
  • Figure 13 is a comparison chart of discharge curves of Comparative Example 1, Example 1, and Example 2.
  • Figure 14 is a comparison diagram of the ratio performance of Comparative Example 1, Example 1, and Example 2.
  • Figure 15 is a comparison chart of the discharge curves of Comparative Example 2, Example 3, and Example 4.
  • Figure 16 is a comparison chart of Comparative Example 2, Example 3, and Example 4 magnification performance.
  • Figure 17 is a comparison chart of X-ray diffraction of Comparative Example 1, Example 1, and Example 2. detailed description
  • the inventors of the present application have extensively and intensively studied and unexpectedly discovered a novel preparation method of a positive electrode material, which is treated on the surface of the precursor before sintering, deposited or adsorbed, and mixed with a lithium salt to obtain A positive electrode material having a core, a transition layer, and a shell layer.
  • the material has a high energy density, does not require secondary treatment after sintering, is stable in air and is active. On the basis of this, the present invention has been completed.
  • the positive electrode material of the present invention is an oxide electrode material having a crystal structure of a-NaFeO 2 type.
  • the positive electrode material comprises a core, a transition layer, and a shell layer from the inside to the outside;
  • the shell layer is Li 1+x Ni 1-yz Co y Mn z O 2 , wherein -0 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 0 ⁇ 2, 0.5 ⁇ y+z ⁇ l ;
  • the transition layer is selected from one or a combination of two or more of Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , MgO, SiO 2 , ZnO 2 , TiO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , LiAlO 2 , Li 2 ZrO 3 ;
  • the core is Li 1+r Ni 1-st Co s Mn t O 2 , wherein -0.1 ⁇ r ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ s+t ⁇ 0.5;
  • the positive electrode material further includes a protective layer outside the shell layer, the protective layer being selected from the group consisting of ⁇ 1 2 ⁇ 3 , ZrO 2 , MgO, SiO 2 , ZnO 2 , TiO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , LiAlO 2 Li 2 ZrO 3 one or more groups
  • the preparation method of the invention comprises the following steps:
  • a precursor labeled as P
  • adding a solution of three salts of Ni, Co, and Mn to an aqueous ammonia solution under air or an inert gas atmosphere, and simultaneously adding ammonia water and an alkali solution (preferably an aqueous alkali solution, such as NaOH aqueous solution) Adjust the pH of the solution to 7 ⁇ 14. After the sedimentation is finished, continue stirring for 1-20 hours, and filter the precipitate.
  • the precursor P is obtained after washing with water and drying.
  • the Ni, Co, and Mn salts are one or more of a sulfate, a nitrate, a chloride, an acetate, and the like of Ni, Co, and Mn, and the alkali solution is one of NaOH, LiOH, and KOH. Or several.
  • a solution of the A salt is added to the reaction vessel containing the precursor P, and the pH is adjusted with an alkali solution to precipitate or adsorb the hydroxide of the A on the surface of the precursor P.
  • the A salt is a soluble salt (such as sulfate, nitrate, chloride, acetate) of Al, Mg, Zr, Fe, V, Ti, Sr, Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Mn, Y.
  • One or more of the molar ratio of the A salt to the precursor P is between 0.01 and 0.30, and the lye is one or more of NaOH, LiOH, and KOH.
  • the final pH is controlled at different values depending on the type of salt selected, with an adjustment range of 1-14.
  • the B salt is one or more of a salt of a salt such as Ni, Co or Mn, a nitrate, a chloride or an acetate; and a molar ratio of the B salt to the precursor P is between 0.01 and 0.30, the alkali
  • the liquid is one or more of NaOH, LiOH, and KOH.
  • the coated precursor is uniformly mixed with the lithium salt, and the uniformly mixed material is sintered to obtain a positive electrode material.
  • the molar ratio of the lithium salt to the precursor is 0.9-1.2
  • the lithium salt is one or more of lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium chloride, lithium nitrate and lithium acetate.
  • the sintering atmosphere is one or more of air, oxygen, nitrogen, and argon.
  • the sintering temperature is divided into two stages, the first stage sintering temperature is 300-700 ° C, and the constant temperature time is 2-24 hours.
  • the second stage sintering temperature is 700-1000 ° C, and the sintering time is 10-36 hours.
  • a protective layer oxide may be added on the surface of the positive electrode material. Specifically, the following steps are taken:
  • step (iv) Put the material obtained by the step (iv) sintering into water, stir to form a dispersion, add a solution of C salt, and add an alkali solution to adjust the pH to 5-14, and coat the surface of the sintered material.
  • the hydroxide of layer C was obtained as a positive electrode material having a surface coated with a hydroxide of C. After filtration, calcination was carried out to obtain a positive electrode material having a surface coated with an oxide of C.
  • the C salt is one or more of soluble salts of Al, Mg, Zr, Fe, V, Ti, Sr, Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Mn, Y, and the alkali solution is NaOH, LiOH, One or several of KOH, the final pH value is controlled at different values depending on the type of salt selected.
  • the calcination temperature is 300-700 ° C, and the calcination atmosphere is Air or oxygen.
  • the inner core can be obtained as a nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium material
  • the shell layer is an active material which can be stably present in the air
  • the protective layer on the surface is an oxide, which protects the electrode material.
  • the technical method of the present invention can be applied to the preparation and modification processes of LiMn 2 O 4 , lithium-rich materials and the like.
  • the above-mentioned features mentioned in the present invention, or the features mentioned in the embodiments, may be arbitrarily combined. All of the features disclosed in the present specification can be used in combination with any of the compositions, and the various features disclosed in the specification can be substituted for any alternative features that provide the same, equal or similar purpose. Therefore, unless otherwise stated, the disclosed features are only a general example of equivalent or similar features.
  • the invention is advantageous in that:
  • a positive electrode material having a novel structure is provided.
  • the positive electrode material has a transition layer, which effectively suppresses the outward diffusion of the nickel element in the core portion, and the positive electrode material has a low nickel surface to overcome the defect that is easily affected by the reduction.
  • the shell is active and contains a high proportion of Co and/or Mn, Wherein -0.1 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.2, y + z ⁇ 0.5.
  • the positive electrode material and the conductive agent acetylene black and the binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are uniformly mixed in a solvent of nitrogen methylpyrrolidone (NMP), and the mass ratio of the positive electrode material, the conductive agent and the binder is 85:10. : 5,
  • NMP nitrogen methylpyrrolidone
  • the uniformly mixed slurry was coated on an aluminum foil, and vacuum-dried at 120 ° C for 12 hours to obtain a positive electrode of a lithium ion battery.
  • the above-mentioned pole piece is used as the positive electrode, the metal lithium is used as the negative electrode, and the electrolyte is made of 1 mol/L of lithium hexafluorophosphate.
  • a solution of vinyl acetate and dimethyl carbonate, the separator is assembled into a CR2032 button lithium ion battery using a 20 micron thick polyethylene and polypropylene composite.
  • the mixed solution was prepared in a molar ratio of Ni, Co and Mn of 5:2:3, and respectively, nickel sulfate hexahydrate, cobalt sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate 131.42 g, 56.22 g, 50.70 g were weighed and dissolved in 500 mL of water. Prepare 1000 mL 4mol/L NaOH solution, and 1000 mL 2mol/L ammonia solution.
  • a nitrogen-protected reaction vessel 200 mL of water was added, and the mixed solution was added to the reaction vessel simultaneously with a 4 mol/L NaOH solution and a 2 mol/L ammonia solution, and the final pH of the solution was controlled at 7-14. After the sedimentation is completed, the precipitate is filtered and washed, and dried at 80 ° C to obtain a precursor P1, as shown in Fig. 1, which is spherical.
  • the mixed solution was prepared according to a molar ratio of Ni, Co and Mn of 8:1:1, and nickel nitrate hexahydrate, cobalt nitrate hexahydrate and manganese nitrate tetrahydrate were weighed separately, 23.26 g, 29.10 g, 25.10 g, and dissolved in 500 mL of water. Prepare 1000 mL of 5mol/L NoOH solution, and 1000 mL of 2mol/L ammonia solution.
  • Preparation of positive electrode material with core and transition layer Weigh 50 g of the precursor P1, force 200 mL of water, and stir to form a dispersion. A 1 mol/L aqueous ammonia solution was prepared. Weigh 20.57 g of Zr(NO 3 ) 4 and dissolve it with 60 mL of water.
  • the Zr(NO 3 ) 4 solution was added to the dispersion of the precursor P1. After the end of the addition, the pH was adjusted to 8.0 with ammonia water, filtered, washed three times with water, and dried at 100 ° C to obtain a precursor of surface-coated Zr(OH) 4 .
  • Body P3, see Figure 3, is spherical.
  • Co(CH 3 COO) 2 solution was simultaneously added to the dispersion of the precursor with 4 mol/L of LiOH and an aqueous ammonia solution, and Co(OH) 2 was deposited on the surface of the precursor P3, and the sedimentation pH was controlled at 12.
  • the mixture was filtered and washed, and dried at 100 ° C to obtain a composite precursor P4, as shown in Fig. 4, which was spherical.
  • Example 3 50 g of the above P4 precursor was weighed, and the lithium salt and the precursor were mixed at a molar ratio of 1.1, and LiOH ⁇ H 2 O 24.99 g was weighed and uniformly mixed with the precursor P4. After sintering at 480 ° C for 6 hours, at 950 ° C was sintered for 12 hours to obtain a positive electrode material.
  • Example 3 50 g of the above P4 precursor was weighed, and the lithium salt and the precursor were mixed at a molar ratio of 1.1, and LiOH ⁇ H 2 O 24.99 g was weighed and uniformly mixed with the precursor P4. After sintering at 480 ° C for 6 hours, at 950 ° C was sintered for 12 hours to obtain a positive electrode material.
  • Example 3 50 g of the above P4 precursor was weighed, and the lithium salt and the precursor were mixed at a molar ratio of 1.1, and LiOH ⁇ H 2 O 24.99 g was weighed and uniformly mixed with the precursor P4. After s
  • the Zr(NO 3 ) 4 solution was added to the dispersion of the precursor P2. After the end of the addition, the pH was adjusted to 8.0 with ammonia water, filtered, washed three times with water, and dried at 100 ° C to obtain a precursor of surface-coated Zr(OH) 4 .
  • Body P5, see Figure 5, is spherical.
  • Co(CH 3 COO) 2 solution was simultaneously added to the dispersion of the precursor with 4 mol/L of LiOH and an aqueous ammonia solution, and Co(OH) 2 was deposited on the surface of the precursor P5, and the sedimentation pH was controlled at 12.
  • the mixture was filtered and washed with water, and dried at 100 ° C to obtain a composite precursor P6, as shown in Fig. 6, which was spherical.
  • Example 5 50 g of the above P6 precursor was weighed, and the lithium salt and the precursor were mixed at a molar ratio of 1.1, and LiOH ⁇ H 2 O 24.99 g was weighed and uniformly mixed with the precursor P6. After sintering at 480 ° C for 6 hours, at 950 ° C was sintered for 12 hours to obtain a positive electrode material.
  • Example 5 50 g of the above P6 precursor was weighed, and the lithium salt and the precursor were mixed at a molar ratio of 1.1, and LiOH ⁇ H 2 O 24.99 g was weighed and uniformly mixed with the precursor P6. After sintering at 480 ° C for 6 hours, at 950 ° C was sintered for 12 hours to obtain a positive electrode material.
  • Example 5 50 g of the above P6 precursor was weighed, and the lithium salt and the precursor were mixed at a molar ratio of 1.1, and LiOH ⁇ H 2 O 24.99 g was weighed and uniformly mixed with the precursor P6.
  • Example 2 50 g of the sintered positive electrode material in Example 2 was weighed, and 100 mL of water was added to form a suspension. Weigh ⁇ 1( ⁇ 3 ) ⁇ 9H 2 O 2.78g, dissolved in 50mL of water, and prepare 1 mol/L NaOH solution.
  • the solution of ⁇ 1( ⁇ 3 ) 3 is slowly added to the suspension of the positive electrode material together with the solution of NaOH, so that 1 (03 ⁇ 4 3 is settled on the surface of the positive electrode material, and the pH value at the end point is 7.5. After filtering, washing the material After calcination at 500 ° C for 6 hours, a positive electrode material having a surface coated with ⁇ 1 2 ⁇ 3 was obtained.
  • Example 4 50 g of the sintered positive electrode material in Example 4 was weighed, and 100 mL was added to form a suspension. 3.66 g of Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ⁇ 18H 2 O was weighed and dissolved in 60 mL of water to prepare a 0.5 mol/L NaOH solution.
  • Table 1 shows the EDS spectrum test results of the surface of the positive electrode material prepared in Comparative Example 1, Example 1, and Example 2, wherein the nickel content of the surface of Example 2 is higher than that of Comparative Example 1 and the positive electrode material corresponding to Example 1 Low, the surface of the positive electrode material of Example 1 contains 5.44 mol% of Zr element, and the content of Zr in the EDS spectrum test result of the positive electrode material corresponding to Example 2 is zero, indicating that the Zr cladding layer is in the sintering of the nickel element in the core.
  • the diffusion has a good inhibitory effect on the surface of the material with a lower nickel content.
  • Figure 13 is a comparison of the discharge curves of the positive electrode materials prepared in Comparative Example 1, Example 1, and Example 2. By comparison, it can be seen that the precursor is coated with Zr(OH) 4 and Co(OH) 2 and then The positive electrode material prepared by the lithium salt mixed sintering has a discharge capacity similar to that of the uncoated sample.
  • Figure 14 is a comparison of the rate performance of the positive electrode materials prepared in Comparative Example 1, Example 1, and Example 2. By comparison, it can be seen that the precursor is coated with Zr(OH) 4 and Co(OH) 2 and then with lithium. The rate performance of the positive electrode material prepared by salt mixing and sintering is improved.
  • Table 1 Comparison of material EDS test results
  • Table 2 is the EDS spectrum test results of the surface of the positive electrode material prepared in Comparative Example 2, Example 3, and Example 4, wherein the nickel content of the surface of Example 4 is higher than that of Comparative Example 2 and the positive electrode material of Example 3 Low, the surface of the positive electrode material of Example 2 contains 1.90 mol% of Zr element, and the content of Zr in the EDS spectrum test result of the positive electrode material corresponding to Example 3 is zero, indicating that the Zr cladding layer is in the sintering of the nickel element in the core. The diffusion has a certain inhibitory effect, thereby obtaining a surface of a material having a low nickel content.
  • Figure 15 is a comparison of the discharge curves of the positive electrode materials prepared in Comparative Example 2, Example 3, and Example 4.
  • Figure 16 is a comparison of the ratio performance of the positive electrode materials prepared in Comparative Example 1, Example 1, and Example 2.
  • Table 2 Comparison of material EDS test results It was found that the positive electrode material prepared in Example 5 and the positive electrode material prepared in Example 2, the positive electrode material prepared in Example 6 and the positive electrode material prepared in Example 4 had similar discharge capacity and rate performance, high capacity retention ratio, and higher cycle property. it is good.
  • the positive electrode materials prepared in Example 1 and Example 2 had higher cycle retention ratio than the positive electrode materials prepared in Comparative Example 1, and similarly, the positive electrode materials prepared in Example 3 and Example 4 were compared with the positive electrode prepared in Comparative Example 2.
  • the cycle retention of the material is high, indicating that the cycle performance of the positive electrode material is improved after the transition layer and the shell layer are added to the surface of the spherical particle.
  • the positive electrode material prepared in Example 5 has a better cycle retention ratio at a higher voltage than the positive electrode material prepared in Comparative Example 1, indicating that the cycle of the modified positive electrode material at a high voltage can be improved after the addition of the protective layer. performance.
  • Figure 17 is a comparison chart of X-ray diffraction of Comparative Example 1, Example 1, and Example 2.
  • the peak position of the diffraction peak is the same as that of LiCoO 2 having a lattice structure of a-NaFeO 2 type and a space group of R-3mH (refer to ICSD 98-024-6414). Therefore, it is considered that the synthetic material has an a-NaFeO 2 type lattice structure, and the space group is R-3mH.

Abstract

本发明涉及一种改性高能量密度锂离子电池正极材料及其制备工艺。该正极材料由内向外包含核芯、过渡层、壳层。本发明的正极材料具有能量密度高、表面活性低、存储性能好等优点,且制备工艺简单,适合大规模应用。

Description

改性高能量密度锂离子电池正极材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于能源材料领域,具体涉及一种改性高能量密度锂离子电池正极材料 及其制备方法。 背景技术
锂离子电池具有能量密度高、 循环寿命长、 自放电效率小、 无记忆效应、 安全 性好等突出优势, 在生活和生产中有广泛应用, 如便携式电子产品、 动力电源、 储 能电站等领域。 随着生活水平的提高和技术进步的需求, 对锂离子电池的发展也提 出很多新的要求, 迫切需要开发出能量密度更高、 安全性更好的电池。
正极材料作为锂离子电池的核心部分之一, 改善和提高正极材料性能是提升锂 离子电池性能的关键之一, 也是研发的重点。
镍钴锰三元层状材料由于具有较突出的优势, 在实际应用中逐渐增多。 其中, 三元层状高镍材料由于其容量高、 倍率性能好、 价格低, 被认为是最有希望应用于 数码产品、 混合动力电动车、 插电式电动车、 纯电动车等动力电池中的正极材料。
由于高镍材料存在表面活性高、镍容易被还原等缺点, 目前的采用的改进方法 是在材料表面包覆一层惰性物质,例如 Al2O3、 MgO、 SiO2、 A1F3、 Ni3(PO4)2、 Α1ΡΟ4 等。 目前, 大多数包覆方法是针对烧结后材料进行处理。 例如, 首先制备 Ni、 Co、 Mn的氢氧化物或碳酸盐前驱体, 与锂盐混合后烧结, 得到镍钴锰三元层状材料, 继续在该材料表面沉降或吸附包覆材料对应的氢氧化物、 碳酸盐, 通过再次煅烧, 使氢氧化物或碳酸盐在高温下分解为对应的包覆物质, 得到包覆后的正极材料。
包覆的原理主要是减少高镍材料与空气和电解液的直接接触,在电解液中对电 极材料危害最大的是 H2O, 能与电解液反应生成 HF腐蚀电极溶解正极材料中的过 渡金属, 包覆氧化物后, 电解液中微量的 HF与氧化物反应生成相应的氟化物沉积 在材料表面, 继续对正极材料起到保护作用。 虽然这种工艺能够形成包覆层, 但是 由于包覆工艺通常需要将烧结好的高镍材料放在水或有机溶剂中处理,需要增加二 次煅烧, 且在煅烧过程不可避免的会将少部分晶格中的 Ni3+还原为 NiO, 产生局部 尖晶石相, 引起材料容量降低、 循环变差、 产气、 增加电池安全隐患。 此外, 目前 包覆的方法和工艺中, 包覆物含量较少, 不能形成均匀的包覆层, 且包覆层物质没 电化学活性, 不能具备锂离子脱嵌能力。
因此本领域尚需提供一种新型的正极材料的制备方法,使获得的正极材料核芯 部分的镍元素不易扩散到表面被还原。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新型的正极材料及其制备方法和用途, 能够有效降 低表面镍元素含量。 本发明的第一方面, 提供一种正极材料, 由内向外包含核芯、 过渡层、 壳层。 在另一优选例中, 所述正极材料具有球形结构。
在另一优选例中, 所述正极材料还包括所述壳层外的保护层。
在另一优选例中, 所述壳层为 Li1+xNinzCoyMnzO2, 其中 -0.1≤x≤0.2, 0.5^y+z 1。
在另一优选例中, 0.5 y l, O^z^ l o
在另一优选例中, 所述过渡层选自 Al2O3、 ZrO2、 MgO、 SiO2、 ZnO2、 TiO2、 Y2O3、 LiAlO2、 Li2ZrO3中的一种或两种以上的组合。
在另一优选例中, 所述核芯为
Figure imgf000003_0001
0.5。
在另一优选例中, 0 s 0.5, 0 t 0.5。
在另一优选例中, 所述保护层选自 Al2O3、 ZrO2、 MgO、 SiO2、 ZnO2、 TiO2
Y2O3、 LiA102 Li2ZrO3中的一种或两种以上的组合。
在另一优选例中, 所述正极材料由内向外包含核芯、 过渡层、 壳层; 其中, 所述壳层为 Li1+xNi1-y-zCoyMnzO2, 其中 -0·1≤χ≤0·2, 0.5 y+z l, 0.5 y l, 0
^z^ l ;
所述过渡层选自 Al2O3、 ZrO2、 MgO、 SiO2、 ZnO2、 TiO2、 Y2O3、 LiA102、 Li2ZrO3 中的一种或两种以上的组合;
所述核芯为 Li1+rNi1-s-tCosMntO2, 其中 -0.1≤r≤0.2, 0^s+t^0.5 , 0^s^0.5 , 0 ^t^0.5 ; 任选地, 所述正极材料还包括所述壳层外的保护层, 所述保护层选自 Α12Ο3、 ZrO2、 MgO、 SiO2、 ZnO2、 TiO2、 Y2O3、 LiAlO2 Li2ZrO3中的一种或两种以上的组 合。
在另一优选例中, 所述保护层中 Co、 Ni、 Mn的总摩尔数与核芯中 Co、 Ni、 Mn的总摩尔数之比 0.3。
在另一优选例中, 所述过渡层的厚度为 l〜50nm, 壳层厚度为 50ηιη〜4μιη, 保 护层厚度为 l〜50nm。
在另一优选例中, 所述壳层与所述核层均为 a-NaFeO2型晶格结构, 空间群均 为 -3mHo
在另一优选例中, 所述正极材料具有 1〜10层过渡层和 /或具有 1〜10层壳层。 在另一优选例中, 所述正极材料具有 1〜5层过渡层和 /或具有 1〜5层壳层; 较 佳地, 所述正极材料具有 1〜3层过渡层和 /或具有 1〜3层壳层。
在另一优选例中, 所述核芯中 Ni含量大于所述壳层中 Ni含量。
在另一优选例中, 所述核芯为
Figure imgf000004_0001
所述过渡层为 Li2ZrO3 ; 所 述壳层为 LiNi1-yCoyMnzO2, 0.5 y+z 1。 本发明的第二方面, 提供第一方面所述的正极材料的制备方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤:
(a) 提供 Ni、Co、Mn三种盐的溶液,制备前驱体 Ni1-s-tCosMnt(OH)2, 0^s+t<0.5;
(b) 在所述前驱体 Ni^COsMi^OH^的表面沉积过渡层的前驱体, 得到前驱体
P20;
(c) 在所述前驱体 P20表面沉积壳层的前驱体; 得到前驱体 P30。
(d) 将所述前驱体 P30与锂盐混合均匀, 烧结, 得到所述正极材料。
所述步骤 (a)中, 在空气或惰性气体气氛下, 将 Ni、 Co、 Mn三种盐的溶液加入 到氨水溶液中, 同时加入氨水和碱液调节溶液 pH值为 7〜14, 沉降结束后, 将沉淀 过滤、 水洗、 烘干后得到前驱体
Figure imgf000004_0002
其中, 所述惰性 气氛为氮气、 氩气或氩氢混合气, 所述 Ni盐为 Ni的硫酸盐、 硝酸盐、 氯化物、 醋 酸盐中的一种或两种以上, 所述 Co盐为 Co的硫酸盐、 硝酸盐、 氯化物、 醋酸盐 中的一种或两种以上, 所述 Mn盐为 Mn的硫酸盐、 硝酸盐、 氯化物、 醋酸盐中的 一种或两种以上, 所述碱为 NaOH、 LiOH、 KOH中的一种或两种以上。
所述步骤 (a)中, 沉降结束后, 继续搅拌 1-20小时。
所述步骤 (b)中, 所述过渡层的前驱体为 A的氢氧化物; 其中, 所述 A为 Al、 Mg、 Zr、 Fe、 V、 Ti、 Sr、 Cr、 Zn、 Cu、 Ni、 Co、 Mn、 Y中的一种或两种以上。
所述步骤 (c)中壳层的前驱体为 B的氢氧化物; 其中, 所述 B为 Ni、 Co、 Mn 一种或两种以上。
所述步骤 (d)中, 所述锂盐为碳酸锂、 氢氧化锂、 氯化锂、 硝酸锂、 醋酸锂中的 一种或两种以上。
所述步骤 (d)中, 所述烧结的气氛为空气、 氧气、 氮气、 氩气中的一种或两种以 上。
在另一优选例中, 所述方法包括:
(a) 在空气或惰性气体气氛下, 将 Ni、 Co、 Mn三种盐的溶液加入到氨水溶液 中, 同时加入氨水和碱液调节溶液 pH值为 7〜14, 进行沉降, 将沉淀过滤、 水洗、 烘干后得到前驱体
Figure imgf000005_0001
z+y<0.5; 其中, 所述惰性气氛为氮气、 氩 气或氩氢混合气, 所述 Ni盐为 Ni的硫酸盐、 硝酸盐、 氯化物、 醋酸盐中的一种或 两种以上, 所述 Co盐为 Co的硫酸盐、 硝酸盐、 氯化物、 醋酸盐中的一种或两种 以上, 所述 Mn盐为 Mn的硫酸盐、 硝酸盐、 氯化物、 醋酸盐中的一种或两种以上, 所述碱为 NaOH、 LiOH、 KOH中的一种或两种以上;
(b) 在所述前驱体的表面沉积 A的氢氧化物,得到包覆有 A的氢氧化物的前驱 体; 其中, 所述 A为 Al、 Mg、 Zr、 Fe、 V、 Ti、 Sr、 Cr、 Zn、 Cu、 Ni、 Co、 Mn、 Y中的一种或两种以上;
(c) 在所述包覆有 A的氢氧化物的前驱体的表面沉积 B的氢氧化物, 经过滤、 水洗、 烘干后得到包覆的前驱体; 其中, 所述 B为 Ni、 Co、 Mn中的一种或两种以 上。
(d) 将所述包覆的前驱体与锂盐混合均匀, 烧结得到正极材料; 其中, 所述锂 盐为碳酸锂、 氢氧化锂、 氯化锂、 硝酸锂、 醋酸锂中的一种或两种以上, 所述烧结 气氛为空气、 氧气、 氮气、 氩气中的一种或两种以上。
在另一优选例中, 所述步骤 (d)中进行一次或两次以上(优选 2〜5次)烧结, 每 次烧结温度比前一次烧结温度高 50-500 °C。 所述方法还包括步骤:
(e) 在所述步骤 (d)获得的正极材料表面制备保护层,所述保护层为 C的氧化物, 所述 C选自: Al、 Mg、 Zr、 Fe、 V、 Ti、 Sr、 Cr、 Zn、 Cu、 Ni、 Co、 Mn、 Y中的 一种或两种以上。
在另一优选例中, 所述步骤 (d)中, 所述包覆的前驱体与锂盐的摩尔比 0.9-1.2。 在另一优选例中, 所述过渡层中元素的总含量与前驱体 Nii^COyMi OH 中 元素总含量之摩尔比 0.3; 所述壳层中元素的总含量与前驱体
Figure imgf000006_0001
中元素总含量之摩尔比 0.3。 本发明的第三方面, 提供一种锂离子电池, 包括第一方面所述的正极材料。 应理解, 在本发明范围内中, 本发明的上述各技术特征和在下文 (如实施例)中 具体描述的各技术特征之间都可以互相组合, 从而构成新的或优选的技术方案。 限 于篇幅, 在此不再一一累述。 附图说明
图 1为对比例 1中前驱体扫描电镜照片。
图 2为对比例 2制备前驱体扫描电镜照片。
图 3为实施例 1中制备前驱体扫描电镜照片。
图 4为实施例 2中制备前驱体扫描电镜照片。
图 5为实施例 3中制备前驱体扫描电镜照片。
图 6为实施例 4中制备前驱体扫描电镜照片。
图 7为对比例 1前驱体 EDS能谱图。
图 8为对比例 2前驱体 EDS能谱图。
图 9为实施例 1前驱体 EDS能谱图。
图 10为实施例 2前驱体 EDS能谱图。
图 11为实施例 3前驱体 EDS能谱图。
图 12为实施例 4前驱体 EDS能谱图。
图 13为对比例 1、 实施例 1、 实施例 2放电曲线对比图。 图 14为对比例 1、 实施例 1、 实施例 2倍率性能对比图。
图 15为对比例 2、 实施例 3、 实施例 4放电曲线对比图。
图 16为对比例 2、 实施例 3、 实施例 4倍率性能对比图。
图 17为对比例 1、 实施例 1、 实施例 2 X射线衍射对比图。 具体实施方式
本申请的发明人经过广泛而深入的研究,意外发现了一种新型的正极材料的制 备方法,在烧结前在前驱体表面进行处理,沉积或吸附包覆物,与锂盐混合烧结后, 得到具有核芯、 过渡层和壳层的正极材料。 该材料能量密度高, 烧结后不需要二次 处理, 在空气中储存稳定且包覆物具有活性。 在此基础上, 完成了本发明。 正极材料
本发明的正极材料是具有 a-NaFeO2型晶体结构的氧化物电极材料, 通过在核 层和壳层之间引入过渡层, 既保证了正极材料的电化学性能, 又降低了材料表面镍 的浓度, 降低了高镍材料的不良影响。
所述正极材料由内向外包含核芯、 过渡层、 壳层; 其中,
所述壳层为 Li1+xNi1-y-zCoyMnzO2, 其中 -0·1≤χ≤0·2, 0.5^y+z^ l ;
所述过渡层选自 Al2O3、 ZrO2、 MgO、 SiO2、 ZnO2、 TiO2、 Y2O3、 LiAlO2、 Li2ZrO3 中的一种或两种以上的组合;
所述核芯为 Li1+rNi1-s-tCosMntO2, 其中 -0.1≤r≤0.2, 0^s+t^0.5;
任选地, 所述正极材料还包括所述壳层外的保护层, 所述保护层选自 Α12Ο3、 ZrO2、 MgO、 SiO2、 ZnO2、 TiO2、 Y2O3、 LiAlO2 Li2ZrO3中的一种或两种以上的组
制备方法
在本发明的一优选实施方式中, 本发明的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(i) 制备前驱体 (标记为 P), 在空气或惰性气体气氛下, 将 Ni、 Co、 Mn三种 盐的溶液加入到氨水溶液中, 同时加入氨水和碱液(优选碱的水溶液, 如 NaOH的 水溶液) 调节溶液 pH值为 7〜14, 沉降结束后, 继续搅拌 1-20小时, 将沉淀过滤、 水洗、 烘干后得到前驱体 P。 其中, Ni、 Co、 Mn盐为 Ni、 Co、 Mn的硫酸盐、 硝 酸盐、 氯化物、 醋酸盐等可溶性盐中的一种或几种, 碱液为 NaOH、 LiOH、 KOH 中的一种或几种。
(ii) 将 A盐的溶液加入到内装有前驱体 P的反应釜中, 采用碱液调节 pH值, 使 A的氢氧化物沉降或吸附在前驱体 P表面。 其中 A盐为 Al、 Mg、 Zr、 Fe、 V、 Ti、 Sr、 Cr、 Zn、 Cu、 Ni、 Co、 Mn、 Y的可溶性盐 (如硫酸盐、 硝酸盐、 氯化物、 醋酸盐)中的一种或几种, A盐与前驱体 P的摩尔比在 0.01-0.30之间,碱液为 NaOH、 LiOH、 KOH中的一种或几种。 最终 pH根据选择盐种类的不同控制在不同数值, 调节范围为 1-14。
(iii) 接着加入 B盐溶液, 或 B盐溶液和碱液, 调节 pH值为 2-14, 使 B的氢 氧化物继续沉降或吸附在 A的氢氧化物上。可以通过调节溶液 pH来控制沉降速率 和晶体形貌。 将反应完的溶液继续搅拌 5-24 小时, 过滤、 干燥后得到包覆的前驱 体, 干燥温度为 50-200 °C。 其中 B盐为 Ni、 Co、 Mn的硫酸盐、 硝酸盐、 氯化物、 醋酸盐等可溶性盐中的一种或几种, B盐与前驱体 P的摩尔比在 0.01-0.30之间, 碱液为 NaOH、 LiOH、 KOH中的一种或几种。
(iv)将包覆的前驱体与锂盐混合均匀, 混合均匀的材料烧结, 得到正极材料。 其中, 锂盐与前驱体摩尔比 0.9-1.2, 锂盐为碳酸锂、 氢氧化锂、 氯化锂、 硝酸锂、 醋酸锂中的一种或几种。 烧结气氛为空气、 氧气、 氮气、 氩气中的一种或几种, 较 佳地, 烧结温度分为两段, 第一段烧结温度为 300-700°C, 恒温时间为 2-24小时, 第二段烧结温度为 700-1000°C, 烧结时间为 10-36小时。
进一步地, 为能使正极材料在高电压继续稳定工作, 可以在正极材料的表面增 加保护层氧化物。 具体地, 采用以下步骤:
(iv)将步骤 (iv)烧结得到的材料放入水中, 搅拌后形成分散液, 加入 C盐的溶 液, 同时加入碱液, 调节 pH值为 5-14, 在烧结后的材料表面包覆一层 C的氢氧化 物, 得到表面包覆有 C的氢氧化物的正极材料。 经过滤后进行煅烧, 得到表面包覆 有 C的氧化物的正极材料。
其中, C盐为 Al、 Mg、 Zr、 Fe、 V、 Ti、 Sr、 Cr、 Zn、 Cu、 Ni、 Co、 Mn、 Y 的可溶性盐中的一种或几种, 碱液为 NaOH、 LiOH、 KOH中的一种或几种, 最终 pH值根据选择盐种类的不同控制在不同数值。煅烧温度为 300-700°C, 煅烧气氛为 空气或氧气。
采用本发明的上述方法, 可以得到内部核芯为镍钴锰酸锂材料, 壳层为能在空 气中稳定存在的活性物质, 表面的保护层为氧化物, 对电极材料起到保护作用。
根据同样思路, 可以将本发明的技术方法应用于 LiMn2O4、 富锂等其它材料的 制备和改性工艺中。 本发明提到的上述特征, 或实施例提到的特征可以任意组合。 本案说明书所揭 示的所有特征可与任何组合物形式并用, 说明书中所揭示的各个特征, 可以任何提 供相同、 均等或相似目的的替代性特征取代。 因此除有特别说明, 所揭示的特征仅 为均等或相似特征的一般性例子。 本发明的有益之处在于:
(1) 提供一种具有新型结构的正极材料。
(2) 正极材料内具有过渡层, 有效抑制核芯部分镍元素向外扩散, 正极材料具 有低镍表面, 克服易被还原影响性能的缺陷。
(3) 壳层具有活性, 含有高比例的 Co和 /或 Mn, 为
Figure imgf000009_0001
其中 -0.1<x<0.2, y+z≥0.5。
(4) 能够在高电压下稳定工作, 循环次数较普通材料多。 下面结合具体实施例, 进一步阐述本发明。 应理解, 这些实施例仅用于说明本 发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。 下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法, 通常 按照常规条件或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。 除非另外说明, 否则百分比和份数按 重量计算。 通用方法:
将正极材料与导电剂乙炔黑和粘结剂聚偏氟乙烯 (PVDF ) 在氮甲基吡咯垸酮 (NMP) 溶剂中混合均匀, 正极材料、 导电剂和粘结剂的质量比为 85 : 10: 5, 将 混合均匀的浆料涂覆在铝箔上, 120°C下真空干燥 12小时, 制得锂离子电池正极。
使用上述极片为正极, 以金属锂为负极, 电解液采用 1 mol/L六氟磷酸锂的碳 酸乙烯酯和碳酸二甲酯的溶液, 隔膜采用 20 微米厚的聚乙烯和聚丙烯复合材料, 组装成 CR2032型纽扣锂离子电池。
组装成的纽扣电池进行充放电测试, 电压范围为 2.8-4.3伏特。 对比例 1
未包覆的正极材料
按照 Ni、 Co、 Mn的摩尔比为 5: 2: 3配制混合溶液, 分别称量六水硫酸镍、 七水硫酸钴、一水硫酸锰 131.42g, 56.22g, 50.70g, 加入 500mL水溶解。配制 1000 mL 4mol/L NaOH溶液, 禾卩 1000 mL 2mol/L的氨水溶液。
在氮气保护的反应釜中, 加入 200mL水, 将混合溶液与 4 mol/L的 NaOH溶 液和 2mol/L的氨水溶液同时加入到反应釜中,溶液最终 pH控制在 7-14。沉降结束 后, 将沉淀过滤洗涤, 80°C烘干后得到前驱体 Pl, 见图 1, 为球形。
称量上述 P1前驱体 50g,按照锂盐与前驱体摩尔比 1.1混合,称量 LiOH ·Η2Ο 25.19g与前驱体混合均匀, 在 400°C烧结 6小时后, 在 850°C烧结 12小时, 得到正 极材料。 对比例 2
未包覆的正极材料
按照 Ni、 Co、 Mn的摩尔比为 8: 1: 1配制混合溶液, 分别称量六水硝酸镍、 六水硝酸钴、 四水硝酸锰 232.63g, 29.10g, 25.10g, 加入 500mL水溶解。配制 1000 mL 5mol/L NoOH溶液, 禾卩 1000 mL 2mol/L的氨水溶液。
在氩气保护的反应釜中,加入 200mL水,将混合溶液与 5 mol/L的 NaOH溶液 和 2mol/L的氨水溶液同时加入到反应釜中,溶液最终 pH控制在 7-14。沉降结束后, 将沉淀过滤洗涤, 80°C烘干后得到前驱体 P2, 见图 2, 为球形。
称量上述 P2前驱体 100g,按照锂盐与前驱体摩尔比 1.05混合,称量 LiOH ¾O
47.71g与前驱体混合均匀, 在 850°C烧结 12小时, 得到正极材料。 实施例 1
具有核芯和过渡层的正极材料的制备 称量前驱体 P1 50g, 力卩 200mL水, 搅拌形成分散液。 配制 1 mol/L氨水溶液。 称量 20.57g Zr(NO3)4, 加 60mL水溶解。
将 Zr(NO3)4溶液加入到前驱体 P1 的分散液中, 加入结束后, 用氨水调节 pH 至 8.0, 过滤, 水洗三次, 100°C干燥后得到表面包覆 Zr(OH)4的前驱体 P3, 见图 3, 为球形。
称量上述 P3 前驱体 10g, 锂盐与前驱体按照摩尔比 1.2 的比例混合, 称量 LiOH · Η2Ο 5.50g与前驱体 P3混合均匀, 在 580°C烧结 6小时后, 在 900°C烧结 12 小时, 得到正极材料。 实施例 2
具有核芯、 过渡层和壳层的正极材料的制备
称量前驱体 P3 50g, 加 200mL 水, 搅拌形成分散液。 称量 30.21g Co(CH3COO)2 · 4H2O, 溶解于 30mL水中。 配制 4 mol/L 的 LiOH溶液和 1 mol/L 氨水溶液。
将 Co(CH3COO)2溶液与 4mol/L的 LiOH和氨水溶液同时加入到前驱体的分散 液中, 将 Co(OH)2沉降在前驱体 P3 表面, 沉降 pH控制在 12。 过滤水洗, 100°C 干燥后得到复合前驱体 P4, 见图 4, 为球形。
称量上述 P4 前驱体 50g, 锂盐与前驱体按照摩尔比 1.1 的比例混合, 称量 LiOH · H2O 24.99g, 与前驱体 P4混合均匀, 在 480°C烧结 6小时后, 在 950°C烧结 12小时, 得到正极材料。 实施例 3
具有核芯和过渡层的正极材料的制备
称量前驱体 P2 50g, 力卩 200mL水, 搅拌形成分散液。 配制 1 mol/L氨水溶液。 称量 20.57g Zr(NO3)4, 力卩 60mL水溶解。
将 Zr(NO3)4溶液加入到前驱体 P2 的分散液中, 加入结束后, 用氨水调节 pH 至 8.0, 过滤, 水洗三次, 100°C干燥后得到表面包覆 Zr(OH)4的前驱体 P5, 见图 5, 为球形。
称量上述 P5 前驱体 10g, 锂盐与前驱体按照摩尔比 1.2 的比例混合, 称量 LiOH · Η2Ο 5.50g与前驱体 P5混合均匀, 在 580°C烧结 6小时后, 在 900°C烧结 12 小时, 得到正极材料。 实施例 4
具有核芯、 过渡层和壳层的正极材料的制备
称量前驱体 P5 50g, 加 200mL 水, 搅拌形成分散液。 称量 30.21g Co(CH3COO)2 · 4H2O, 溶解于 30mL水中。 配制 4 mol/L 的 LiOH溶液, 1 mol/L 氨水溶液。
将 Co(CH3COO)2溶液与 4mol/L的 LiOH和氨水溶液同时加入到前驱体的分散 液中, 将 Co(OH)2沉降在前驱体 P5表面, 沉降 pH控制在 12。 过滤水洗, 100°C干 燥后得到复合前驱体 P6, 见图 6, 为球形。
称量上述 P6 前驱体 50g, 锂盐与前驱体按照摩尔比 1.1 的比例混合, 称量 LiOH · H2O 24.99g, 与前驱体 P6混合均匀, 在 480°C烧结 6小时后, 在 950°C烧结 12小时, 得到正极材料。 实施例 5
具有核芯、 过渡层、 壳层和保护层的正极材料的制备
称量实施例 2 中烧结后的正极材料 50g, 加 lOOmL 水形成悬浊液。 称量 Α1(ΝΟ3) · 9H2O 2.78g, 溶解于 50mL水中, 配制 1 mol/L的 NaOH溶液。
将 Α1(ΝΟ3)3的溶液与 NaOH的溶液一起, 缓慢加入到正极材料的悬浊液中, 使 1(0¾3沉降在正极材料表面, 终点 pH值为 7.5。 过滤、 水洗后, 将材料在 500 °C煅烧 6小时, 得到表面包覆有 Α12Ο3的正极材料。 实施例 6
具有核芯、 过渡层、 壳层和保护层的正极材料的制备
称量实施例 4 中烧结后的正极材料 50g, 加 100mL 形成悬浊液。 称量 Al2(SO4)3 · 18H2O 3.66g, 溶解于 60mL水中, 配制 0.5mol/L的 NaOH溶液。
将 Al2(SO4)3的溶液与 NaOH的溶液一起, 缓慢加入到正极材料的悬浊液中, 使 1(0¾3沉降在正极材料表面, 终点 pH值为 8.0。 过滤、 水洗后, 将材料在 550 °C煅烧 4小时, 得到表面包覆有 Α12Ο3的正极材料。 实施例 7
性能测试
采用 EDS能谱检测对比例和实施例制得的正极材料, 谱图如图 7〜12所示。 表 1为对比例 1、 实施例 1、 实施例 2中制备的正极材料表面 EDS能谱测试结 果, 其中实施例 2表面的镍含量, 较对比例 1和实施例 1对应的正极材料表面镍含 量低, 实施例 1正极材料表面含有 5.44 mol%的 Zr元素, 在实施例 2对应的正极材 料的 EDS能谱测试结果中 Zr的含量为零, 说明 Zr包覆层对核心中镍元素在烧结 中的扩散, 起到了很好的抑制作用, 从而得到镍含量较低的材料表面。
图 13为对比例 1、 实施例 1、 实施例 2中制备正极材料的放电曲线对比, 通过 对比, 可以看出, 在前驱体上包覆 Zr(OH)4和 Co(OH)2后再与锂盐混合烧结制备的 正极材料, 放电容量与未包覆样品相近。 图 14为对比例 1、 实施例 1、 实施例 2中 制备正极材料的倍率性能对比, 通过对比, 可以看出在前驱体上包覆 Zr(OH)4和 Co(OH)2后再与锂盐混合烧结制备的正极材料倍率性能得到提升。
表 1 材料 EDS测试结果对比
Figure imgf000013_0001
表 2为对比例 2、 实施例 3、 实施例 4中制备的正极材料表面 EDS能谱测试结 果, 其中实施例 4表面的镍含量, 较对比例 2和实施例 3对应的正极材料表面镍含 量低, 实施例 2正极材料表面含有 1.90 mol%的 Zr元素, 在实施例 3对应的正极材 料的 EDS能谱测试结果中 Zr的含量为零, 说明 Zr包覆层对核心中镍元素在烧结 中的扩散, 起到了一定的抑制作用, 从而得到镍含量较低的材料表面。
图 15为对比例 2、 实施例 3、 实施例 4中制备正极材料的放电曲线对比, 通过 对比, 可以看出, 在前驱体上包覆 Zr(OH)4和 0 (0¾2后, 放电容量与未包覆样品 相近。 图 16为对比例 1、 实施例 1、 实施例 2中制备正极材料的倍率性能对比, 通 过对比, 可以看出包覆后, 材料倍率性能得到提升。 表 2 材料 EDS测试结果对比
Figure imgf000014_0001
经检测, 实施例 5制备的正极材料与实施例 2制备的正极材料、 实施例 6制备 的正极材料与实施例 4制备的正极材料的放电容量与倍率性能相似,容量保持率高, 循环性较好。
实施例 1和实施例 2中制备的正极材料,较对比例 1中制备的正极材料的循环 保持率高, 同样, 实施例 3和实施例 4制备的正极材料, 较对比例 2中制备的正极 材料的循环保持率高, 说明球形颗粒表面增加过渡层和壳层后, 正极材料的循环性 能得到提高。 实施例 5中制备的正极材料较对比例 1中制备的正极材料, 在高电压 下具有更好的循环保持率更高, 说明增加保护层后, 能提高改性正极材料在高电压 下的循环性能。 图 17为对比例 1、 实施例 1、 实施例 2 X射线衍射对比图。 其衍射峰峰位, 与 具有 a-NaFeO2型晶格结构、 空间群为 R-3mH 的 LiCoO2相同 (参考 ICSD 98-024-6414)。因此,认为合成材料具有 a-NaFeO2型晶格结构,空间群均为 R-3mH。 在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考,就如同每一篇文献被单 独引用作为参考那样。 此外应理解, 在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后, 本领域 技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利 要求书所限定的范围。

Claims

权利要求
1.一种正极材料, 其特征在于, 所述正极材料由内向外包含核芯、 过渡层、 壳 层。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的正极材料,其特征在于,所述正极材料还包括所述壳层 外的保护层。
3. 如权利要求 1 或 2 所述的正极材料, 其特征在于, 所述壳层为 Li1+xNi1-y-zCoyMnzO2, 其中 -0·1≤χ≤0·2, 0.5 y+z l ;
所述过渡层选自 Al2O3、 ZrO2、 MgO、 SiO2、 ZnO2、 TiO2、 Y2O3、 LiAlO2、 Li2ZrO3 中的一种或两种以上的组合;
所述核芯为 Li1+rNi1-s-tCosMntO2, 其中 -0.1≤r≤0.2, 0 s+t 0.5。
4. 如权利要求 1〜3 任一项所述的正极材料, 其特征在于, 所述正极材料还包 括所述壳层外的保护层, 所述保护层选自 Al2O3、 ZrO2、 MgO、 SiO2、 ZnO2、 TiO2、 Y2O3、 LiAlO2、 Li2ZrO3中的一种或两种以上的组合。
5. 如权利要求 1〜4 任一项所述的正极材料, 其特征在于, 所述正极材料还具 有以下一种或几种特征:
(1) 所述壳层与所述核层均为 a-NaFeO2型晶格结构, 空间群均为 R-3mH;
(2) 所述正极材料具有 1〜10层过渡层和 /或具有 1〜10层壳层;
(3) 所述核芯中 Ni含量大于所述壳层中 Ni含量。
6. 如权利要求 1〜5 任一项所述的正极材料, 其特征在于, 所述核芯为 LiNi 8Co iMnaiO2 ;所述过渡层为 Li2ZrO3 ;所述壳层为 LiNi yCoyMnzO2, 0.5^y+z 1。
7. 如权利要求 1〜6 任一项所述的正极材料的制备方法, 其特征在于, 包括以 下步骤:
(a) 提供 Ni、Co、Mn三种盐的溶液,制备前驱体 Ni1-s-tCosMnt(OH)2, 0^s+t<0.5;
(b) 在所述前驱体 Ni^COsMi^OH^的表面沉积过渡层的前驱体, 得到前驱体
P20;
(c) 在所述前驱体 P20表面沉积壳层的前驱体, 得到前驱体 P30。 (d) 将所述前驱体 P30与锂盐混合均匀, 烧结, 得到所述正极材料。
8. 如权利要求 7所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 (a)中, 在空气或惰性气 体气氛下, 将 Ni、 Co、 Mn三种盐的溶液加入到氨水溶液中, 同时加入氨水和碱液 调节溶液 pH 值为 7〜14, 沉降结束后, 将沉淀过滤、 水洗、 烘干后得到前驱体 Ni1-s-tCosMnt(OH)2, 0^s+t<0.5; 其中, 所述惰性气氛为氮气、 氩气或氩氢混合气, 所述 Ni盐为 Ni 的硫酸盐、 硝酸盐、 氯化物、 醋酸盐中的一种或两种以上, 所述 Co盐为 Co的硫酸盐、 硝酸盐、 氯化物、 醋酸盐中的一种或两种以上, 所述 Mn盐 为 Mn的硫酸盐、 硝酸盐、 氯化物、 醋酸盐中的一种或两种以上, 所述碱为 NaOH、 LiOH、 KOH中的一种或两种以上; 和 /或
所述步骤 (b)中, 所述过渡层的前驱体为 A的氢氧化物; 其中, 所述 A为 Al、 Mg、 Zr、 Fe、 V、 Ti、 Sr、 Cr、 Zn、 Cu、 Ni、 Co、 Mn、 Y中的一种或两种以上; 和 /或
所述步骤 (c)中壳层的前驱体为 B的氢氧化物; 其中, 所述 B为 Ni、 Co、 Mn 一种或两种以上; 和 /或
所述步骤 (d)中, 所述锂盐为碳酸锂、 氢氧化锂、 氯化锂、 硝酸锂、 醋酸锂中的 一种或两种以上。
9. 如权利要求 7或 8所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法还包括步骤:
(e) 在所述步骤 (d)获得的正极材料表面制备保护层,所述保护层为 C的氧化物, 所述 C选自: Al、 Mg、 Zr、 Fe、 V、 Ti、 Sr、 Cr、 Zn、 Cu、 Ni、 Co、 Mn、 Y中的 一种或两种以上。
10. 一种锂离子电池, 其特征在于, 所述电池包括权利要求 1〜6任一项所述的 正极材料。
PCT/CN2012/085653 2012-10-25 2012-11-30 改性高能量密度锂离子电池正极材料及其制备方法 WO2014063407A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/438,875 US10050263B2 (en) 2012-10-25 2012-11-30 Modified lithium ion battery anode material having high energy density, and manufacturing method thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201210413276.3 2012-10-25
CN201210413276.3A CN103779554B (zh) 2012-10-25 2012-10-25 改性高能量密度锂离子电池正极材料及其制备方法

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014063407A1 true WO2014063407A1 (zh) 2014-05-01

Family

ID=50543925

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2012/085653 WO2014063407A1 (zh) 2012-10-25 2012-11-30 改性高能量密度锂离子电池正极材料及其制备方法

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US10050263B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN103779554B (zh)
WO (1) WO2014063407A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016033902A (ja) * 2014-07-31 2016-03-10 ソニー株式会社 正極活物質、正極および電池
CN105470455A (zh) * 2014-09-03 2016-04-06 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 一种改性锂离子电池正极材料及其制备方法
JP6139780B2 (ja) 2014-12-02 2017-05-31 株式会社東芝 負極活物質、非水電解質電池、電池パック及び車
KR102296131B1 (ko) * 2014-12-30 2021-09-01 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 리튬이온 이차전지용 양극 활물질, 그의 제조방법 및 이것을 포함하는 리튬이온 이차전지
KR20170032453A (ko) 2015-01-30 2017-03-22 가부시끼가이샤 도시바 조전지 및 전지 팩
EP3051612B1 (en) 2015-01-30 2017-07-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Active material, nonaqueous electrolyte battery, battery pack and battery module
JP6067902B2 (ja) 2015-03-13 2017-01-25 株式会社東芝 活物質、非水電解質電池、電池パック、組電池、及び自動車
CN105514362B (zh) * 2015-12-01 2019-02-22 天津理工大学 一种原位发展的异质核壳结构的锂离子电池正极材料及其制备方法
CN105958056B (zh) * 2016-07-05 2018-06-22 哈尔滨工业大学 一种利用等离子氟化法制备的金属氟化物助熔剂合成锂金属氧化物正极材料的方法
CN106058241B (zh) * 2016-07-21 2018-06-19 天津巴莫科技股份有限公司 Ce1-xZrxO2纳米固溶体均质修饰锂离子电池正极材料及其制备方法
WO2018101807A1 (ko) * 2016-12-02 2018-06-07 삼성에스디아이주식회사 리튬이차전지용 니켈계 활물질 전구체, 그 제조방법, 이로부터 형성된 리튬이차전지용 니켈계 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 양극을 함유한 리튬이차전지
JP6622242B2 (ja) * 2017-03-24 2019-12-18 株式会社東芝 電極構造体、電極、二次電池、組電池、電池パック、及び車両
CN108878794B (zh) * 2017-05-11 2021-11-05 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 具有复合包覆层的尖晶石结构锂离子电池正极材料及其制法
CN108878873B (zh) * 2017-05-11 2021-07-30 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 磷酸铁锂正极材料改性表面结构及其制备方法和应用
CN109256531B (zh) * 2017-07-14 2021-09-14 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 具有复合包覆层的掺杂钴酸锂及其制备方法和应用
CN107732193B (zh) * 2017-10-09 2020-06-19 天津理工大学 一种应用核壳结构高镍正极材料的全固态锂电池及其制备方法
CN110858661A (zh) * 2018-08-24 2020-03-03 比亚迪股份有限公司 锂离子电池的正极组件及其制备方法、全固态锂电池
CN109273683B (zh) * 2018-09-07 2021-05-25 北京泰丰先行新能源科技有限公司 一种锂离子电池复合正极材料及其制备方法
CN109473660A (zh) * 2018-12-13 2019-03-15 海安常州大学高新技术研发中心 一种富锂锰基正极材料的改性方法
CN114162880A (zh) * 2021-11-22 2022-03-11 宁夏中色金辉新能源有限公司 锂离子固态电池正极活性材料前驱体及其制备方法和应用

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102110808A (zh) * 2009-12-23 2011-06-29 河南科隆集团有限公司 高性能的球形锂离子二次电池阴极材料的制备方法
CN102456877A (zh) * 2010-10-25 2012-05-16 比亚迪股份有限公司 一种正极材料前驱体及其制备方法、正极材料和锂电池
CN102569775A (zh) * 2011-12-23 2012-07-11 东莞新能源科技有限公司 锂离子二次电池及其正极活性材料

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102610822A (zh) * 2012-03-07 2012-07-25 宁德新能源科技有限公司 锂离子二次电池及其阴极材料

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102110808A (zh) * 2009-12-23 2011-06-29 河南科隆集团有限公司 高性能的球形锂离子二次电池阴极材料的制备方法
CN102456877A (zh) * 2010-10-25 2012-05-16 比亚迪股份有限公司 一种正极材料前驱体及其制备方法、正极材料和锂电池
CN102569775A (zh) * 2011-12-23 2012-07-11 东莞新能源科技有限公司 锂离子二次电池及其正极活性材料

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN103779554A (zh) 2014-05-07
US10050263B2 (en) 2018-08-14
CN103779554B (zh) 2016-05-11
US20150255789A1 (en) 2015-09-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2014063407A1 (zh) 改性高能量密度锂离子电池正极材料及其制备方法
CN107591519B (zh) 改性锂镍钴锰正极材料及其制备方法
US20150104708A1 (en) Oxide cathode material for lithium ion battery having high energy density and preparation process thereof
TWI423508B (zh) A positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery, a positive electrode for a lithium ion battery, and a lithium ion battery
EP3588632A1 (en) Nickel-based active material precursor, method of preparing the same, nickel-based active material, and lithium secondary battery
TWI549343B (zh) A positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery, a positive electrode for a lithium ion battery, and a lithium ion battery
TWI423507B (zh) A positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery, a positive electrode for a lithium ion battery, and a lithium ion battery
CN108155357B (zh) 用于锂二次电池的基于镍的活性材料、其制备方法、和包括包含其的正极的锂二次电池
EP3875434A1 (en) Composite positive electrode active material for lithium secondary battery, preparation method thereof, and lithium secondary battery including positive electrode including the same
EP2966711A1 (en) Anode active material for lithium secondary battery, method for fabricating same, and lithium secondary battery using same
JP7204049B2 (ja) リチウムマンガンリッチ材料、その製造方法及び使用
CN108878794B (zh) 具有复合包覆层的尖晶石结构锂离子电池正极材料及其制法
JP5987401B2 (ja) 非水系電解質二次電池用正極活物質とその製造方法および二次電池
JP6533734B2 (ja) リチウムイオン電池用正極活物質、リチウムイオン電池用正極及びリチウムイオン電池
CN103872302B (zh) 锂离子电池正极材料前驱体及其制备方法
CN109428061B (zh) 一种核壳材料
JP2011096650A (ja) 正極活物質粒子粉末及びその製造方法、並びに非水電解質二次電池
JP5738563B2 (ja) 正極活物質及び該活物質を用いたリチウム二次電池
WO2021136490A1 (zh) 一种富锂锰基材料及其制备方法和应用
JP2022529760A (ja) 正極材料、その製造方法及びリチウム二次電池
CN110649230B (zh) 一种纳米铆钉核壳结构正极材料及制备方法
JP4989682B2 (ja) 非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質、非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法、非水電解質二次電池用正極及び非水電解質二次電池
CN108807928B (zh) 一种金属氧化物及锂离子电池的合成
KR101013938B1 (ko) 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법, 및 이를포함하는 리튬 이차 전지
CN111200121A (zh) 一种高性能复合二元正极材料及其制备方法和锂离子电池

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 12887252

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 14438875

Country of ref document: US

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 12887252

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1