WO2014061640A1 - 容器用鋼板およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
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- WO2014061640A1 WO2014061640A1 PCT/JP2013/077917 JP2013077917W WO2014061640A1 WO 2014061640 A1 WO2014061640 A1 WO 2014061640A1 JP 2013077917 W JP2013077917 W JP 2013077917W WO 2014061640 A1 WO2014061640 A1 WO 2014061640A1
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D9/00—Electrolytic coating other than with metals
- C25D9/04—Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials
- C25D9/08—Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials by cathodic processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/042—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material including a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxides, ZrO2, rare earth oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
- C23C28/3455—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer with a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxide, ZrO2, rare earth oxides or a thermal barrier system comprising at least one refractory oxide layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/38—Chromatising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
- C23C22/36—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates
- C23C22/361—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates containing titanium, zirconium or hafnium compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
- C25D7/0614—Strips or foils
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12611—Oxide-containing component
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a steel plate for containers and a method for producing the same, and more particularly to a steel plate for containers and a method for producing the same that are used for two-piece cans and three-piece cans and have excellent corrosion resistance, adhesion, and weldability.
- a two-piece can is a can body in which a can bottom and a can body are integrated. DrD cans, DI cans, etc. are known. Drawing, ironing, bending and bending back, or these processes Are molded and manufactured.
- Steel plates used for the two-piece can body include tinplate (Sn-plated steel plate) and TFS (electrolytic chromic acid-treated steel plate (tin-free steel)), which are selectively used depending on the application and processing method.
- the 3-piece can is a can body in which the can body and the bottom are separated.
- the main method is to manufacture the can body by forming a thin steel plate into a cylindrical shape and joining it by welding a seam. Yes, the can body is manufactured by welding in this manner is called a welded can.
- a material of the can body portion of the three-piece can a light-weight Sn-plated steel plate or a Ni-plated steel plate is used.
- TFS etc. are used for the raw material of the bottom part of a 3 piece can.
- the outer surface of the can is printed in order to appeal to consumers the value (commercial value) of the contents in the can.
- the inner surface of the can is coated with a resin to ensure corrosion resistance.
- the inner surface side of the can was painted with a spray or the like, and curved surface printing was performed on the outer surface side of the can.
- Patent Document 1 Patent Document 2
- Patent Document 5 a Ni-plated steel sheet is used as a laminated steel sheet for containers that is excellent in workability and adhesion and can be welded.
- Patent Document 9 Various techniques have been disclosed for Ni-plated steel sheets (for example, Patent Document 9).
- some of the Ni-plated steel sheets have a matte surface like the Sn-plated steel sheets, while others are known to have been subjected to gloss plating by a Ni plating method to which a brightener is added (Patent Document 6, Patent Document 7).
- Ni does not have a sacrificial anticorrosive action like Sn in an acidic solution. Therefore, when Ni-plated steel sheet is used for containers filled with highly corrosive contents such as acidic beverages, piercing corrosion in which corrosion proceeds in the thickness direction from defective parts such as pinholes in the Ni plating layer It is known that a hole is formed in a short period of time. For this reason, the improvement of the corrosion resistance of the Ni-plated steel sheet has been demanded. In order to reduce perforation corrosion, Ni-plated steel sheets are disclosed in which the steel components of the plating base plate (base material steel plate) are adjusted so that the potential of the steel plate to be plated approaches the noble direction. (Patent Document 8).
- Ni in the Ni plating layer is oxidized by dissolved oxygen in the plating bath or oxygen in the atmosphere, and a Ni oxide film is formed on the surface of the Ni plating layer.
- the amount of chromate deposited varies depending on the film formation state of the Ni oxide film described above, resulting in a problem of poor appearance of the container.
- a method is disclosed in which after Ni plating is performed, heat treatment is controlled to form a uniform oxidized Ni film on the Ni plating layer, thereby ensuring a good appearance (Patent Document 10). ).
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-263696 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-334886 Japanese Patent No. 3060073 Japanese Patent No. 2998043 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2007-231394 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-26992 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-149735 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 60-145380 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 56-169788 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 10-265966
- Patent Document 10 can ensure good appearance, it is not considered for perforation corrosion of the Ni plating layer, and the corrosion resistance of the plated steel sheet is insufficient.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a steel plate for containers excellent in corrosion resistance, adhesion and weldability, and a method for producing the same.
- the corrosion resistance against piercing corrosion is achieved by including at least one of Ni hydroxide and Ni oxide in the inside of the Ni plating layer instead of the surface thereof. I found that it can be improved. Specifically, when a Ni plating layer containing at least one of Ni hydroxide and Ni oxide is formed on a steel plate on a plating original plate, when corrosion proceeds from a defect portion such as a pinhole in the Ni plating layer, A phenomenon in which the perforation corrosion rate decreases was found (see FIG. 1, which will be described in detail below).
- Ni hydroxide and Ni oxide are easily dissolved in an acidic solution. That is, in the initial stage of corrosion, Ni hydroxide and Ni oxide in the Ni plating layer are preferentially dissolved, so it is considered that the inside of the Ni plating layer becomes more void as corrosion progresses. And since many voids appear in the Ni plating layer, the corrosion (drilling corrosion) that has been concentrated in the pinholes in the past is dispersed in the voids, and the corrosion form changes from the entire corrosion to the Ni plating layer. It is thought that the rate of drilling corrosion that had progressed decreased due to the change to corrosion (interfacial corrosion) at the interface with the base iron.
- a steel plate for containers according to an aspect of the present invention is a steel plate having a chromate film layer or a Zr-containing film layer on a Ni plating layer, wherein the Ni plating layer is made of Ni hydroxide and Ni oxide.
- the Ni plating layer contains at least one, the Ni conversion amount is an adhesion amount of 0.3 g / m 2 or more, and the oxygen atom concentration caused by the Ni hydroxide and the Ni oxide is 1 to 10 atoms %,
- the chromate film layer has an adhesion amount of 1 to 40 mg / m 2 in terms of Cr, and the Zr-containing film layer has an adhesion amount of 1 to 40 mg / m 2 in terms of Zr. .
- the oxygen atom concentration is in the range of 1 to 10 atomic% in the entire thickness of the Ni plating layer excluding the natural oxide film formed on the surface of the Ni plating layer. It is good.
- a method for manufacturing a steel plate for containers according to an aspect of the present invention is the method for manufacturing a steel plate for containers according to (1) above, and comprises an aqueous solution in which at least one of Ni sulfate and Ni chloride is dissolved.
- At least one of Ni hydroxide and Ni oxide is included in the Ni plating layer, and a chromate film layer or a Zr-containing film layer is formed on such a Ni plating layer, thereby preventing puncture corrosion. It is possible to provide a steel plate for a container which is excellent in corrosion resistance and has excellent adhesion and weldability with a laminated resin film.
- the present invention is a steel sheet having a chromate film layer or a Zr-containing film layer on the Ni plating layer, and the Ni plating layer contains at least one of Ni hydroxide and Ni oxide.
- the Ni plating layer has an adhesion amount of 0.3 g / m 2 or more in terms of Ni, and oxygen attributed to Ni hydroxide and Ni oxide contained in the Ni plating layer.
- the atomic concentration is in the range of 1 to 10 atomic%.
- the chromate film layer formed on the upper layer of the Ni plating layer has an adhesion amount of 1 to 40 mg / m 2 in terms of Cr
- the Zr-containing film layer has an adhesion amount of 1 to 40 mg / m 2 in terms of Zr. Amount.
- a Ni plating layer containing at least one of Ni hydroxide and Ni oxide is formed on the surface of the steel plate, and the Ni plating layer has a Ni adhesion amount of 0.3 g. / M 2 or more, and the oxygen atom concentration of Ni hydroxide or Ni oxide is in the range of 1 to 10 atomic%.
- a chromate film layer or a Zr-containing film layer is provided on the surface of the Ni plating layer.
- the chromate film layer is formed on the Ni plating layer with an adhesion amount of 1 to 40 mg / m 2 in terms of Cr.
- a Zr-containing coating layer is formed instead of the chromate coating layer, it is formed on the Ni plating layer with a Zr amount of 1 to 40 mg / m 2 .
- the steel plate used for the steel plate for containers of this embodiment is a plating original plate.
- a cold-rolled steel plate manufactured through processes such as hot rolling, pickling, cold rolling, annealing, temper rolling and the like from a normal slab manufacturing process can be exemplified.
- it does not specifically limit about the component and characteristic of the steel plate concerning this embodiment For example, it is possible to use the low carbon steel etc. which are normally used as a steel plate for containers.
- a Ni plating layer containing at least one of nickel hydroxide and nickel oxide is formed on the steel plate as the plating original plate in order to ensure corrosion resistance, adhesion, and weldability.
- the plating original plate (base material steel plate) according to the present embodiment is also simply referred to as “steel plate”.
- Ni is a metal that is excellent in adhesion and forgeability (characteristic of joining at a temperature below the melting point) to the steel sheet and can enjoy good weldability.
- the amount of adhesion when Ni plating is applied to the steel sheet is 0 in terms of Ni.
- the Ni conversion amount needs to be 0.3 g / m 2 or more.
- the Ni conversion amount is 0.4 g / m 2 or more, and more preferably 0.6 g / m 2 or more.
- the adhesion amount of Ni plating improves adhesion and weldability.
- the Ni conversion amount exceeds 3 g / m 2 , the effect of improving adhesion and weldability is saturated, economically. It is a disadvantage. Therefore, it is preferable that the upper limit of the Ni plating adhesion amount is 3 g / m 2 in terms of Ni. More preferably, it is 2.5 g / m 2 or less.
- the Ni plating layer contains at least one of Ni hydroxide and Ni oxide. That is, both Ni hydroxide and Ni oxide may be contained in the Ni plating layer, or one of them may be contained. There are a plurality of chemical forms of Ni oxide, and in this embodiment, it is difficult to specify what form of Ni oxide is contained, but among these, NiO and Ni 2 O are mainly used. 3 is contained. Further, in the past (particularly, Patent Document 10), a technique for oxidizing the surface layer of the Ni plating layer and forming Ni oxide on the Ni plating layer has been studied, but this embodiment is different from the conventional technique.
- the nickel plating layer is characterized by containing Ni hydroxide and Ni oxide.
- the surface portion of the Ni plating layer was formed with a Ni oxide layer, while the Ni plating layer was a two-layered plating layer on which the pure Ni layer was formed.
- the Ni plating layer according to the embodiment is characterized by containing Ni hydroxide and Ni oxide throughout the entire thickness direction.
- the oxygen atom concentration caused by Ni hydroxide and / or Ni oxide contained in the Ni plating layer is in the range of 1 to 10 atomic%. If the content of Ni hydroxide and / or Ni oxide in the Ni plating layer is too low, the above-described effect of reducing the piercing corrosion cannot be sufficiently exhibited. When the oxygen atom concentration caused by Ni hydroxide and / or Ni oxide contained in the Ni plating layer is 1 atomic% or more, the perforation corrosion rate starts to be suppressed, and the perforation corrosion can be reduced. From such a point of view, the oxygen atom concentration caused by Ni hydroxide and / or Ni oxide contained in the Ni plating layer is 1 atomic% or more.
- the oxygen atom concentration caused by Ni hydroxide and / or Ni oxide in the Ni plating layer needs to be 10 atom% or less.
- it is 8.5 atomic% or less, and more preferably 8 atomic% or less.
- the oxygen atom concentration caused by Ni hydroxide or Ni oxide in the Ni plating layer is determined by measuring a sample after Ni plating without a chromate film layer or a Zr-containing film layer described later by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Is measurable.
- the Ni plating layer according to the present embodiment may contain inevitable impurities in addition to the above-described Ni hydroxide or Ni oxide as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the oxygen atom concentration caused by Ni hydroxide or Ni oxide is 1 to 10 atoms in the entire thickness of the Ni plating layer excluding the natural oxide film formed on the surface of the Ni plating layer. % Is preferable.
- the steel plate for containers according to the present embodiment can be obtained by forming a chromate film layer or a Zr-containing film layer, which will be described later, after Ni plating is applied to the plating original plate. However, between the step of applying Ni plating and the step of forming the chromate coating layer or the Zr-containing coating layer, the Ni-plated steel sheet is exposed to the atmosphere, and the air in the atmosphere reacts with the surface layer portion of the Ni plating layer.
- Ni in the surface layer portion of the Ni plating layer is oxidized to form a natural oxide film.
- the oxygen concentration distribution in the Ni plating layer becomes higher in the surface layer portion of the plating layer.
- the Ni plating layer according to this embodiment is caused by Ni hydroxide and / or Ni oxide in the entire thickness of the Ni plating layer excluding the Ni oxide layer (natural oxide film) formed on the surface of the Ni plating layer.
- the oxygen atom concentration is preferably in the range of 1 to 10 atomic%.
- the pin of the Ni plating layer by dispersing at least one of Ni hydroxide and Ni oxide uniformly throughout the thickness of the Ni plating layer excluding the Ni oxide layer (natural oxide film) on the surface of the Ni plating layer, the pin of the Ni plating layer
- the perforation corrosion that has been concentrated in the holes can be dispersed by the voids formed by the dissolution of Ni hydroxide and Ni oxide, and the perforation corrosion rate can be suppressed.
- the effect of improving the corrosion resistance and adhesion is also increased by increasing the amount of the chromate film layer deposited, but the hydrated Cr oxide in the chromate film layer is an electrically insulating material, so the amount of chromate film layer deposited increases.
- the electrical resistance of the steel plate for containers becomes very high, which causes the weldability to deteriorate.
- the amount of the chromate film layer must be 40 mg / m 2 or less in terms of metallic Cr.
- it is 30 mg / m 2 or less in terms of metal Cr.
- a Zr-containing film layer may be formed on the Ni plating layer.
- the Zr-containing coating layer is a coating made of a Zr compound such as oxidized Zr, phosphoric acid Zr, hydroxide Zr, or fluoride Zr, or a composite coating thereof.
- the Zr-containing coating layer is formed with an adhesion amount of 1 mg / m 2 or more in terms of metal Zr, dramatic improvements in adhesion to the resin film and corrosion resistance are observed, as in the above-described chromate coating layer. Therefore, the Zr-containing coating layer has an adhesion amount of 1 mg / m 2 or more in terms of Zr.
- the adhesion amount of the Zr-containing coating layer is 2.5 mg / m 2 or more in terms of Zr.
- the adhesion amount of the Zr-containing coating layer exceeds 40 mg / m 2 in terms of metal Zr amount, weldability and appearance are deteriorated.
- the Zr-containing coating layer is an electrical insulator, when the amount of the Zr-containing coating layer is increased, the electrical resistance of the steel plate for containers becomes very high, which causes deterioration in weldability.
- the adhesion amount of the Zr-containing coating layer exceeds 40 mg / m 2 in terms of metal Zr, the weldability is extremely deteriorated. Therefore, the adhesion amount of the Zr coating layer needs to be 1 to 40 mg / m 2 in terms of metal Zr amount.
- it is 30 mg / m 2 or less in terms of metal Zr.
- a plating base plate (base material steel plate) is immersed in a plating bath made of an aqueous solution in which at least one of Ni sulfate and Ni chloride is dissolved, and then the Ni precipitation limit.
- a method for forming a Ni plating layer containing at least one of the above-described Ni hydroxide and Ni oxide on a steel sheet will be described.
- a plating original plate is immersed in a plating bath made of an aqueous solution in which at least one of known nickel sulfate and nickel chloride is dissolved, and then cathode electrolysis is performed at a current density exceeding the limit current density of Ni precipitation.
- the current density to a value exceeding the limit current density and cathodic electrolysis, it is possible to promote the generation of nickel hydroxide or nickel oxide due to the pH increase at the plating layer interface.
- a Ni plating layer containing at least one of oxidized Ni can be obtained.
- the concentrations of Ni sulfate and Ni chloride are not particularly limited, but can be in the range of 5 to 30% for Ni sulfate and 5 to 30% for Ni chloride.
- the pH of the plating bath is not particularly limited, but may be pH 2 to pH 4 from the viewpoint of liquid stability.
- the limiting current density of the present invention is a current density at which Ni deposition efficiency starts to decrease when the current density is gradually increased, and depends on the Ni ion concentration, pH, liquid flow rate and bath temperature of the plating bath. It is known to do. That is, the higher the Ni ion concentration, pH, liquid flow rate, and bath temperature, the higher the limiting current density tends to be.
- the Ni adhesion efficiency can be calculated from the Ni adhesion amount and the energization amount.
- Patent Documents 8 and 9 describe a wide current density of 3 to 300 A / dm 2 .
- Ni plating layer containing Ni hydroxide or Ni oxide When a Ni plating layer containing Ni hydroxide or Ni oxide is formed by cathode electrolysis at a high current density, it can be obtained at a current density exceeding 300 A / dm 2 depending on the conditions of the plating bath.
- the limiting current density tends to decrease by lowering the Ni ion concentration and pH. That is, depending on the conditions of the plating bath, even at a lower current density of 10 A / dm 2 , the limit current density is exceeded, and a Ni plating layer containing Ni hydroxide or Ni oxide can be obtained.
- Ni plating layer containing at least one of Ni hydroxide and Ni oxide it is very important to set the current density in cathode electrolysis higher than the limit current density.
- the pH at the plating layer interface is not sufficiently increased, and it becomes difficult to promote the generation of Ni hydroxide or Ni oxide.
- Ni hydroxide and Ni oxide contained in the Ni plating layer cannot be sufficiently secured.
- a bath that does not use boric acid or Ni chloride that suppresses the increase in pH at the interface may be used.
- the limiting current density is lowered, so that a Ni plating layer containing Ni hydroxide or Ni oxide can be obtained at a relatively low current density.
- the current density to be used is set to a value that exceeds the limit current density by at least 10%, preferably more than 20%, and is subjected to cathode electrolysis, so that at least one of Ni hydroxide and Ni oxide as described above is included.
- the Ni plating layer thus produced can be manufactured industrially stably.
- the Ni adhesion amount, the adhesion amount of the chromate film layer described later, and the adhesion amount of the Zr-containing film layer can be easily measured with a known analytical instrument such as a fluorescent X-ray apparatus or an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer.
- a Zr-containing coating layer is formed.
- the chromate film layer is composed of hydrated Cr oxide, or composed of hydrated Cr oxide and metal Cr, and is formed by chromate treatment.
- the chromate treatment method may be performed by any method such as immersion treatment with various aqueous solutions of Cr acid such as sodium salt, potassium salt, and ammonium salt, spray treatment, and electrolytic treatment.
- Cr acid such as sodium salt, potassium salt, and ammonium salt
- spray treatment and electrolytic treatment.
- the method of performing cathodic electrolysis in an aqueous solution in which sulfate ion, fluoride ion (including complex ions) or a mixture thereof is added as a plating aid to Cr acid is particularly excellent industrially. .
- the Zr-containing coating layer is formed by, for example, immersing the steel plate after the Ni plating layer is formed in an acidic solution containing Zr fluoride, phosphoric acid Zr, or hydrofluoric acid as a main component, or cathodic electrolytic treatment.
- a known method such as a method may be employed.
- the steel plate for containers according to this embodiment can be manufactured.
- the piercing corrosion resistance of the steel plate for containers can be improved, and the weldability, adhesion to the resin film, and adhesion to the resin film after processing can be improved.
- the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the conditions in this example are one example of conditions used to confirm the feasibility and effects of the present invention. It is not limited to only one example of these conditions.
- the present invention can adopt various conditions or combinations of conditions as long as the object of the present invention is achieved without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- Example 1 First, Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention are described, and the results are shown in Table 1. In this example, a sample was prepared by the method shown in (1) below, and performance evaluation was performed for each item (A) to (D) in (2).
- Ni plating condition 1 Cathodic electrolysis was performed at a current density of 25 A / dm 2 exceeding the limit current density using an aqueous solution of 35 ° C. adjusted to nickel sulfate with a concentration of 20%, nickel chloride with a concentration of 10% and pH 2, and a Ni plating layer was formed on the steel sheet. . The amount of Ni deposited was controlled by the electrolysis time.
- Ni plating condition 2 Cathodic electrolysis was performed at a current density of 55 A / dm 2 exceeding the limit current density using a 3% boric acid, 10% nickel sulfate, 10% nickel chloride, and a 45 ° C. aqueous solution adjusted to pH 4. A Ni plating layer was formed on the substrate. The amount of Ni deposited was controlled by the electrolysis time.
- Ni plating condition 3 Cathodic electrolysis was performed at 10 A / dm 2 lower than the limiting current density using nickel sulfate with a concentration of 20%, nickel chloride with a concentration of 10%, and an aqueous solution at 35 ° C. adjusted to pH 2 to form a Ni plating layer on the steel sheet. The amount of Ni deposited was controlled by the electrolysis time.
- Ni plating condition 4 Cathodic electrolysis was performed at a current density of 20 A / dm 2 exceeding the limit current density using a 3% boric acid, 10% nickel sulfate, 10% nickel chloride, and a 45 ° C. aqueous solution adjusted to pH 4. A Ni plating layer was formed on the substrate. The amount of Ni deposited was controlled by the electrolysis time.
- the amount of adhesion of Ni plating (g / m 2 ) and the oxygen atom concentration (atomic%) of Ni hydroxide or Ni oxide in the Ni plating layer are X-rays of the sample after Ni plating. It was specified by measuring by photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
- Comparative Example 1 was particularly deteriorated in weldability and corrosion resistance because the amount of the Ni plating layer deposited was low.
- Comparative Examples 2 and 3 are examples in which a sample was prepared under [Ni plating condition 3] and [Ni plating condition 4], and the current density is an example outside the scope of the present invention.
- Comparative Examples 2 and 3 since the current density was too low, the oxygen atom concentration in the Ni plating layer was outside the range of the present invention, and the corrosion resistance was lowered.
- Comparative Example 4 the oxygen atom concentration in the Ni plating layer was outside the range of the present invention, and the weldability was lowered.
- Comparative Examples 5 and 6 the adhesion amount of the chromate film layer was out of the range of the present invention. In Comparative Example 5, the secondary adhesion was lowered, and in Comparative Example 6, the weldability was lowered.
- Example 2 Next, a plurality of temper grade 3 (T-3) cold-rolled steel sheets for tin with a thickness of 0.2 mm were prepared as plating original sheets, and plated under the same Ni plating conditions as in “Example 1”. A Ni plating layer was formed on each steel plate. The Ni adhesion amount was unified to 0.7 g / m 2 .
- a chromate film layer was formed on the Ni plating layer under the same chromate treatment conditions as in Example 1.
- the Cr adhesion amount of the chromate film layer was unified to 8 g / m 2 .
- Example 1 The obtained various plated steel sheets were subjected to the same (D) corrosion resistance test as in “Example 1”, and the depth of perforated corrosion was measured.
- the obtained results are shown in FIG. “Condition 1”, “Condition 3”, and “Condition 4” shown in FIG. 1 indicate “Ni plating condition 1”, “Ni plating condition 3”, and “Ni plating condition 4”, respectively.
- Example 1 of the present invention shown in Table 1 the oxygen atom concentration (atomic%) of Ni hydroxide or Ni oxide in the Ni plating layer was measured using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The obtained results are shown in FIG.
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- the perforation depth is 0.02 to 0.05 mm. It can be seen that the corrosion resistance against perforation corrosion is greatly improved.
- the oxygen atom concentration was in the range of 1 to 20 atomic%, corrosion proceeded along the interface between the Ni plating layer and the ground iron.
- the oxygen atom concentration is less than 1 atomic%, the corrosion progressed along the thickness direction of the steel sheet.
- the oxygen atom concentration is 1 to 10 atomic% in the Ni plating layer. It turns out that it is the range of.
- the oxygen atom concentration is high. This is because the surface of the Ni plating layer is oxidized and a natural oxide film is formed. it is conceivable that.
- the horizontal axis shown in FIG. 2 has shown the sputtering time in XPS, this time is equivalent to the depth from Ni plating layer surface layer.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2012年10月15日に、日本に出願された特願2012-228196号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
2ピース缶とは、缶底と缶胴部が一体になった缶体のことで、DrD缶、DI缶等が知られており、絞り加工、しごき加工、曲げ曲げ戻し加工、あるいはこれらの加工を組み合わせて成形され製造される。2ピース缶の缶体に用いられる鋼板には、ブリキ(Snめっき鋼板)やTFS(電解クロム酸処理鋼板(ティンフリースチール))があり、用途や加工方法によって使い分けが為されている。
従来の2ピース缶は、缶体の成形を行った後に、缶内面側がスプレー等で塗装され、缶外面側には、曲面印刷が施されていた。また、最近では、予めPETフィルムをラミネートした鋼板を缶に成形するラミネート2ピース缶が台頭している(特許文献1、特許文献2)。
また、3ピース缶を構成する溶接缶についても、従来は、缶内面に塗装が施されるとともに缶外面に印刷が施された鋼板を溶接して缶体を製造していたが、塗装、印刷に代えて予め印刷済みのPETフィルムが積層されたラミネート鋼板を用いて製造された3ピース缶も台頭している(特許文献3、特許文献4)。
Niめっき鋼板に関しては、従来より様々な技術が開示されている(例えば特許文献9)。また、Niめっき鋼板には、Snめっき鋼板のように表面が無光沢なものがある一方で、光沢剤を添加したNiめっき方法によって光沢めっきを施したものも知られている(特許文献6、特許文献7)。
このような問題に対し、穿孔腐食を軽減する為に、めっきされる鋼板の電位を貴な方向へ近づけるように、めっき原板(母材鋼板)の鋼成分を調整したNiめっき鋼板が開示されている(特許文献8)。
このような問題に対し、Niめっきを施した後、熱処理を制御しNiめっき層上に均一な酸化Ni皮膜を形成することで、良好な外観を確保する方法が開示されている(特許文献10)。
水酸化Niおよび酸化Niは、酸性溶液中では溶解し易い。つまり、腐食の初期段階ではNiめっき層中の水酸化Niおよび酸化Niが優先的に溶解されるため、腐食の進行が進むにつれ、Niめっき層の内部は空隙が多い状態になると考えられる。そして、Niめっき層中において空隙が多く出現することで、従来、ピンホールに集中していた腐食(穿孔腐食)が当該空隙に分散され、腐食形態が、穿孔腐食から全面腐食あるいはNiめっき層と地鉄との界面における腐食(界面腐食)へと変化し、進行していた穿孔腐食の速度が低下したものと考えられる。
さらに、このような知見に基づきさらに検討した結果、水酸化Niおよび酸化Niの少なくとも一方を、Niめっき層の深さ方向に分散して分布させることで、より穿孔腐食を軽減できることを見出した。
本発明者らは、これらの現象を利用することで、耐食性、密着性、溶接性に優れた容器用鋼板を発明するに至った。
(1)本発明の一態様に係る容器用鋼板は、Niめっき層の上層に、クロメート皮膜層またはZr含有皮膜層を有する鋼板であって、前記Niめっき層は、水酸化Niおよび酸化Niの少なくとも一方を含有し、前記Niめっき層は、Ni換算量で0.3g/m2以上の付着量であり、かつ、前記水酸化Niおよび前記酸化Niに起因する酸素原子濃度が1~10原子%の範囲であり、前記クロメート皮膜層は、Cr換算量で1~40mg/m2の付着量であり、前記Zr含有皮膜層は、Zr換算量で1~40mg/m2の付着量である。
(2)上記(1)に記載の容器用鋼板では、前記Niめっき層表層に形成された自然酸化膜を除く前記Niめっき層の厚み全域において、前記酸素原子濃度を1~10原子%の範囲としてもよい。
前記Niめっき層上に、Cr換算量で1~40mg/m2の付着量であるクロメート皮膜層を形成する工程、もしくは前記Niめっき層上に、Zr換算量で1~40mg/m2の付着量であるZr含有皮膜層を形成する工程と、
を備える。
また、Niめっき層の表面にが、クロメート皮膜層またはZr含有皮膜層が設けられている。クロメート皮膜層は、Cr換算量で1~40mg/m2の付着量で、Niめっき層上に形成されている。また、前記クロメート皮膜層に変えてZr含有皮膜層が形成される場合は、Zr量で1~40mg/m2の付着量で、Niめっき層上に形成されている。
本実施形態では、めっき原板としての上記鋼板上に、耐食性、密着性、溶接性を確保する為に、水酸化Niおよび酸化Niの少なくとも一方が含まれたNiめっき層が形成されている。
なお、以下、本実施形態に係るめっき原板(母材鋼板)を単に「鋼板」とも称する。
Niは、鋼板に対する密着性と鍛接性(融点以下の温度で接合する特性)に優れ、良好な溶接性を享受できる金属であり、鋼板にNiめっきを施す際の付着量としてNi換算量で0.3g/m2以上にすることで、実用的な密着性や溶接性、鍛接性を発揮し始める。従って、Niめっき層においては、Ni換算量を、0.3g/m2以上とすることが必要である。好ましくは、Ni換算量を0.4g/m2以上とし、さらに好ましくは、0.6g/m2以上とする。
なお、Niめっきの付着量を増加させると、密着性や溶接性が向上するが、Ni換算量が3g/m2を超えると、密着性及び溶接性の向上効果が飽和し、経済的には不利益である。従って、Niめっきの付着量の上限は、Ni換算量で3g/m2とすることが好ましい。さらに好ましくは、2.5g/m2以下である。
また、従来(特に、特許文献10)では、Niめっき層の表層を酸化させて、Niめっき層上に酸化Niを形成する技術は検討されてきたが、本実施形態は当該従来技術とは異なり、Niめっき層中に水酸化Niおよび酸化Niを含有することを特徴とする。つまり、従来では、Niめっき層の表層部は酸化Ni層が形成され、一方Niめっき層のめっき原板側は純Ni層が形成された2層構造のめっき層であったのに対し、本実施形態に係るNiめっき層は、厚み方向全域にわたって水酸化Niおよび酸化Niを含有することを特徴とする。
Niめっき層中の水酸化Niおよび/または酸化Niの含有率が低過ぎると、上述したような穿孔腐食の低減効果が十分に発揮されない。Niめっき層中に含まれた水酸化Niおよび/または酸化Niに起因する酸素原子濃度が1原子%以上で、穿孔腐食速度が抑制され始め、穿孔腐食を低減できる。このような観点から、Niめっき層に含有する水酸化Niおよび/または酸化Niに起因する酸素原子濃度は、1原子%以上とする。好ましくは、2原子%以上とし、さらに好ましくは、3.5原子%以上である。
一方、Niめっき層中の水酸化Niおよび/または酸化Niの含有率が過剰になると、Niの鍛接性が阻害され、その結果、溶接性が劣化する。従って、Niめっき層中の水酸化Niおよび/または酸化Niに起因する酸素原子濃度は、10原子%以下にする必要がある。好ましくは、8.5原子%以下とし、さらに好ましくは、8原子%以下である。
また、本実施形態に係るNiめっき層には、上述したような水酸化Niまたは酸化Niの他に、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で不可避的不純物が含まれていてもよい。
本実施形態に係る容器用鋼板は、めっき原板にNiめっきを施した後、後述するクロメート皮膜層またはZr含有皮膜層を形成することで得られる。しかしながら、Niめっきを施す工程と、クロメート皮膜層またはZr含有皮膜層を形成する工程との間で、Niめっき鋼板が大気に曝され、大気中の空気とNiめっき層の表層部とが反応し、Niめっき層の表層部のNiが酸化され自然酸化膜が形成される場合がある。このような場合、Niめっき層内の酸素濃度分布は、めっき層の表層部にて高くなる。しかし、本実施形態において重要なことは、Niめっき層表層に自然酸化膜が形成されているか否かに因らず、Niめっき層内部全域にわたって水酸化Niおよび酸化Niの少なくとも一方を含有させることである。
したがって、本実施形態に係るNiめっき層は、Niめっき層表層に形成された酸化Ni層(自然酸化膜)を除いたNiめっき層の厚み全域において、水酸化Niおよび/または酸化Niに起因する酸素原子濃度が1~10原子%の範囲であることが好ましい。このように、水酸化Niおよび酸化Niの少なくとも一方を、Niめっき層表層の酸化Ni層(自然酸化膜)を除いたNiめっき層の厚み全域において均一に分散させることで、Niめっき層のピンホールに集中していた穿孔腐食を、水酸化Niおよび酸化Niが溶解することで生じる空隙により分散することができ、穿孔腐食速度を抑制することが可能となる。
クロメート皮膜層を構成する金属Crまたは水和酸化Crは、優れた化学的安定性を有するので、クロメート皮膜の付着量に比例して容器用鋼板の耐食性が向上する。また、水和酸化Crは、樹脂フィルムの官能基と強固な化学的な結合を形成することによって加熱水蒸気雰囲気でも優れた密着性を発揮することから、クロメート皮膜層の付着量が多くなる程、樹脂フィルムとの密着性が向上する。これらの観点から、実用上、十分な耐食性及び密着性を発揮せしめるには、金属Cr換算量で1mg/m2以上のクロメート皮膜層が必要である。好ましくは、金属Cr換算量で2.5mg/m2以上とする。
一方、クロメート皮膜層の付着量の増加により耐食性、密着性の向上効果も増大するが、クロメート皮膜層中の水和酸化Crは電気的に絶縁体のため、クロメート被膜層の付着量が増大すると容器用鋼板の電気抵抗が非常に高くなり、溶接性を劣化せしめる要因になる。具体的には、クロメート皮膜層の付着量が金属Cr換算で40mg/m2を超えると、溶接性が極めて劣化する。従って、クロメート皮膜層の付着量は、金属Cr換算で40mg/m2以下にする必要がある。好ましくは、金属Cr換算量で30mg/m2以下とする。
また、上記のクロメート皮膜層に代えて、Niめっき層にZr含有皮膜層を形成してもよい。Zr含有皮膜層は、酸化Zr、リン酸Zr、水酸化Zr、フッ化Zr等のZr化合物からなる皮膜またはこれらの複合皮膜である。Zr含有皮膜層を、金属Zr換算量で1mg/m2以上の付着量で形成すると、先述したクロメート皮膜層と同様に、樹脂フィルムとの密着性や耐食性の飛躍的な向上が認められる。そのため、Zr含有皮膜層は、Zr換算量で1mg/m2以上の付着量とする。好ましくは、Zr換算量で2.5mg/m2以上とする。
一方、Zr含有皮膜層の付着量が金属Zr量で40mg/m2を超えると、溶接性及び外観性が劣化する。特に、Zr含有皮膜層は電気的に絶縁体のため、Zr含有皮膜層の付着量が増大すると容器用鋼板の電気抵抗が非常に高くなり、溶接性を劣化せしめる要因になる。具体的には、Zr含有皮膜層の付着量が金属Zr換算で40mg/m2を超えると、溶接性が極めて劣化する。従って、Zr皮膜層の付着量は、金属Zr量で1~40mg/m2にする必要がある。好ましくは、金属Zr換算量で30mg/m2以下とする。
本実施形態に係る容器用鋼板の製造方法は、まず、硫酸Ni及び塩化Niの少なくとも一方を溶解させた水溶液からなるめっき浴にめっき原板(母材鋼板)を浸漬させた後、Ni析出の限界電流密度を超える電流密度でカソード電解して、水酸化Niまたは酸化Niの少なくとも一方を含有するNiめっき層を形成する工程と、得られたNiめっき層上に、Cr換算量で1~40mg/m2の付着量であるクロメート皮膜層を形成する工程、もしくは得られたNiめっき層上に、Zr換算量で1~40mg/m2の付着量であるZr含有皮膜層を形成する工程と、を備える。
まず、公知の硫酸Niおよび塩化Niの少なくとも一方を溶解させた水溶液からなるめっき浴にめっき原板を浸漬させた後、Ni析出の限界電流密度を超える電流密度でカソード電解をする。このように、電流密度を、限界電流密度を超える値に設定してカソード電解することにより、めっき層界面のpH上昇による水酸化ニッケルまたは酸化ニッケルの発生を促進させることができ、水酸化Niおよび酸化Niの少なくとも一方が含まれたNiめっき層を得ることが出来る。
なお、硫酸Niおよび塩化Niの濃度については特に限定しないが、硫酸Niについては5~30%、塩化Niについては5~30%の範囲とすることができる。
また、めっき浴のpHについては特に限定しないが、液安定性の観点から、pH2~pH4とすることができる。
例えば、上記特許文献8、9では3~300A/dm2との幅広い電流密度の記載がある。高い電流密度のカソード電解によって水酸化Niまたは酸化Niが含まれたNiめっき層を形成する場合は、めっき浴の条件によっては300A/dm2を超える電流密度で得ることが出来る。
一方、Niイオン濃度やpHを下げることで限界電流密度は低下する傾向にある。すなわち、めっき浴の条件によっては、より低い電流密度10A/dm2でも限界電流密度を超過し、水酸化Niまたは酸化Niが含まれたNiめっき層を得ることが可能である。
つまり、水酸化Niおよび酸化Niの少なくとも一方が含まれたNiめっき層を形成するためには、カソード電解における電流密度を限界電流密度よりも高く設定することが非常に重要である。電流密度が限界電流密度よりも下回る条件でNiめっきを施した場合、めっき層界面のpHの上昇が不十分となり、水酸化Niまたは酸化Niの発生を促進することが困難となる。その結果、Niめっき層中に含有する水酸化Niおよび酸化Niを十分に確保することができない。
本発明は、本発明の要旨を逸脱せず、本発明の目的を達成する限りにおいて、種々の条件ないし条件の組み合わせを採用し得るものである。
先ず、本発明の実施例及び比較例について述べ、その結果を表1に示す。
本実施例では、以下の(1)に示す方法で試料を作製し、(2)の(A)~(D)の各項目について性能評価を行った。
[鋼板(めっき原板)]
板厚0.2mmのテンパーグレード3(T-3)のブリキ用冷延鋼板を、めっき原板として使用した。
濃度20%の硫酸ニッケル、濃度10%の塩化ニッケル、pH2に調整した35℃の水溶液を用い、限界電流密度を超える電流密度25A/dm2でカソード電解を行い、鋼板にNiめっき層を形成した。Ni付着量は、電解時間で制御した。
濃度3%のホウ酸、濃度10%の硫酸ニッケル、濃度10%の塩化ニッケル、pH4に調整した45℃の水溶液を用い、限界電流密度を超える電流密度55A/dm2でカソード電解を行い、鋼板にNiめっき層を形成した。Ni付着量は、電解時間で制御した。
濃度20%の硫酸ニッケル、濃度10%の塩化ニッケル、pH2に調整した35℃の水溶液を用い、限界電流密度を下回る10A/dm2でカソード電解を行い、鋼板にNiめっき層を形成した。Ni付着量は、電解時間で制御した。
濃度3%のホウ酸、濃度10%の硫酸ニッケル、濃度10%の塩化ニッケル、pH4に調整した45℃の水溶液を用い、限界電流密度を超える電流密度20A/dm2でカソード電解を行い、鋼板にNiめっき層を形成した。Ni付着量は、電解時間で制御した。
濃度10%の酸化クロム(VI)、濃度0.2%の硫酸、濃度0.1%のフッ化アンモニウムを含む水溶液中で、10A/dm2のカソード電解を行い、10秒間水洗して、Niめっき層にクロメート皮膜層を形成した。クロメート皮膜層のCr付着量は、電解時間で制御した。
濃度5%のフッ化ジルコニウム、濃度4%のリン酸、濃度5%のフッ酸の水溶液中で、10A/dm2のカソード電解を行い、Niめっき層にZr含有皮膜層を形成した。Zr含有皮膜層のZr付着量は、電解時間で制御した。
(A)溶接性
まず、上記の方法で得られた試料(めっき鋼板)を試験片として、この試験片に厚さ15μmのPETフィルムをラミネートし、ラップ代0.5mm、加圧力45kgf(1kgfは、約9.8Nである。)、溶接ワイヤースピード80m/minの条件で、電流を変更して溶接を実施した。十分な溶接強度が得られる最小電流値、及び散りなどの溶接欠陥が目立ち始める最大電流値からなる適正電流範囲の広さと、溶接安定状態と、から適性溶接条件の範囲を総合的に判断し、4段階(A:非常に広い、B:広い、C:実用上問題なし、D:狭い)で評価した。
上記の方法で得られた試料に15μm厚のPETフィルムをラミネートし、DrDプレスでカップを作製した。そのカップをDIマシンでDI缶に成形した。成形後のDI缶の缶壁部のフィルムの剥離状況を観察し、総合的に4段階(A:全く剥離が認められない、B:僅かなフィルム浮きが認められる、C:大きな剥離が認められる、D:フィルムがDI成形中に剥離し、破胴に至る)で評価した。
上記の方法で得られた試料に15μm厚のPETフィルムをラミネートし、DrDプレスでカップを作製した。そのカップをDIマシンでDI缶に成形した。その後、PETフィルムの融点を超える温度(240℃程度)で10分間の熱処理を行い、更に125℃、30分の加熱水蒸気雰囲気で処理(レトルト処理)した。そして、レトルト処理後のDI缶の缶壁部のフィルムの剥離状況を観察し、総合的に4段階(A:全く剥離が認められない、B:僅かなフィルム浮きが認められる、C:大きな剥離が認められる、D:フィルムがDI成形中に剥離し、破胴に至る)で評価した。
上記の方法で得られた試料を用いて、15μm厚のPETフィルムをラミネートした溶接缶を作製し、溶接部は補修塗料を塗布した。その後、1.5%クエン酸-1.5%食塩混合液からなる試験液を溶接缶内に充填し、蓋を取付け密閉し、55℃の環境で、1ヶ月間、恒温室に安置した。その後、溶接缶内部におけるフィルム疵付き部の腐食状況を4段階(A:穿孔腐食が認められない、B:実用上問題無い程度の僅かな穿孔腐食が認められる、C:穿孔腐食の進行が認められる、D:穿孔腐食により穴明きが発生している)で判断して評価した。
比較例4は、Niめっき層中の酸素原子濃度が本発明の範囲外であり、溶接性が低下した。
次に、めっき原板として、板厚0.2mmのテンパーグレード3(T-3)のブリキ用冷延鋼板を複数用意し、「実施例1」と同様の各Niめっき条件下でめっきを行い、各鋼板にNiめっき層を形成した。Ni付着量は、0.7g/m2に統一した。
また、表1に示す本発明例1について、X線光電子分光法(XPS)を用いて、Niめっき層中の水酸化Niまたは酸化Niの酸素原子濃度(原子%)を測定した。得られた結果を、図2に示す。
なお、図2に示す横軸はXPSにおけるスパッタリング時間を示しているが、この時間は、Niめっき層表層からの深さに相当する。
Claims (3)
- Niめっき層の上層に、クロメート皮膜層またはZr含有皮膜層を有する鋼板であって、
前記Niめっき層は、水酸化Niおよび酸化Niの少なくとも一方を含有し;
前記Niめっき層は、Ni換算量で0.3g/m2以上の付着量であり、かつ、前記水酸化Niおよび前記酸化Niに起因する酸素原子濃度が1~10原子%の範囲であり;
前記クロメート皮膜層は、Cr換算量で1~40mg/m2の付着量であり;
前記Zr含有皮膜層は、Zr換算量で1~40mg/m2の付着量である;
ことを特徴とする容器用鋼板。 - 前記Niめっき層表層に形成された自然酸化膜を除く前記Niめっき層の厚み全域において、前記酸素原子濃度が1~10原子%の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の容器用鋼板。
- 請求項1に記載の容器用鋼板の製造方法であって、
硫酸Ni及び塩化Niの少なくとも一方を溶解させた水溶液からなるめっき浴に母材鋼板を浸漬させた後、Ni析出の限界電流密度を超える電流密度でカソード電解して、水酸化Niまたは酸化Niの少なくとも一方を含有するNiめっき層を形成する工程と、
前記Niめっき層上に、Cr換算量で1~40mg/m2の付着量であるクロメート皮膜層を形成する工程、もしくは前記Niめっき層上に、Zr換算量で1~40mg/m2の付着量であるZr含有皮膜層を形成する工程と、
を備えることを特徴とする容器用鋼板の製造方法。
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WO2017122560A1 (ja) | 2016-01-12 | 2017-07-20 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | NiおよびO含有被膜を表面に有するステンレス鋼板およびその製造方法 |
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