WO2014050056A1 - 非水電解液電池 - Google Patents
非水電解液電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014050056A1 WO2014050056A1 PCT/JP2013/005580 JP2013005580W WO2014050056A1 WO 2014050056 A1 WO2014050056 A1 WO 2014050056A1 JP 2013005580 W JP2013005580 W JP 2013005580W WO 2014050056 A1 WO2014050056 A1 WO 2014050056A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- gasket
- pfa resin
- component
- melting
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- -1 perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 43
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 12
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000003115 supporting electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 4
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006358 Fluon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920004466 Fluon® PCTFE Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006367 Neoflon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVLDJSZFKQJMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Si] Chemical compound [Li].[Si] ZVLDJSZFKQJMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006351 engineering plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIDWHMKSOZZDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium tin Chemical compound [Li].[Sn] UIDWHMKSOZZDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular fluorine Chemical compound C.FF QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000652 nickel hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001846 repelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006337 tetrafluoro ethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YDLQKLWVKKFPII-UHFFFAOYSA-N timiperone Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)CCCN1CCC(N2C(NC3=CC=CC=C32)=S)CC1 YDLQKLWVKKFPII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950000809 timiperone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(II) oxide Inorganic materials [Sn]=O QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
- H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
- H01M50/109—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure of button or coin shape
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/147—Lids or covers
- H01M50/166—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids
- H01M50/167—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids by crimping
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/147—Lids or covers
- H01M50/166—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids
- H01M50/171—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids using adhesives or sealing agents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/183—Sealing members
- H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/183—Sealing members
- H01M50/19—Sealing members characterised by the material
- H01M50/193—Organic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/147—Lids or covers
- H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
- H01M50/153—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for button or coin cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte battery using a copolymer (PFA resin) of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether as a gasket.
- PFA resin copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether
- Non-aqueous electrolyte batteries containing organic solvents such as lithium ion batteries are characterized by high energy density and wide operating temperature range compared to batteries containing aqueous solutions such as alkaline batteries and nickel hydride secondary batteries.
- electronic devices have been downsized due to the rapid development of technology in the electronics field.
- non-aqueous electrolyte batteries that are small, lightweight, and have high energy density as power sources for electronic devices.
- cylindrical or rectangular lithium ion secondary batteries are used in mobile phones and notebook computers.
- coin-type lithium batteries are used as main power sources for calculators and watches.
- lithium ion batteries have begun to be used as power sources for electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid vehicles (HEV). Due to these increasing demands, long-term high reliability has been demanded for non-aqueous electrolyte batteries.
- a gasket made of a general-purpose resin such as polypropylene or polyethylene is used for the sealing part of a coin-type or cylindrical non-aqueous electrolyte battery.
- non-aqueous electrolyte batteries unlike batteries containing aqueous solutions, are very sensitive to moisture, and when moisture enters from the outside, battery characteristics deteriorate early.
- a lithium ion secondary battery uses a positive electrode active material having a high potential of 4 V or higher with respect to metallic lithium, and LiPF 6 or the like is used as a supporting salt of the electrolyte in consideration of resistance at a high potential. LiBF 4 is used. These supporting salts are highly reactive with moisture, and the strong acid produced by the reaction deteriorates battery performance. In the case of a battery containing metallic lithium, when lithium reacts with moisture, the activity of lithium is lost, and the battery performance deteriorates.
- Patent Document 1 a copolymer (PFA resin) of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether having low moisture permeability as a gasket.
- Patent Document 2 a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether having low moisture permeability as a gasket.
- Patent Document 2 a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether having low moisture permeability as a gasket
- One aspect of the present invention includes a power generation element and a battery container that houses the power generation element, and the power generation element includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte, and the battery container includes a battery case having an opening, a sealing plate for sealing the opening, and a gasket interposed between the battery case and the sealing plate, The gasket includes a copolymer (PFA resin) of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether, and at least a part of the PFA resin is a first component that has been melted 2 to 20 times. Relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte battery including a step of heating and melting a PFA resin to a melting temperature of 310 to 450 ° C. and then cooling it back to a solid.
- 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a coin-shaped non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a cylindrical nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention includes a power generation element and a battery container that houses the power generation element.
- the power generation element includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the battery container includes a battery case having an opening, a sealing plate for sealing the opening, and a gasket interposed between the battery case and the sealing plate.
- the gasket includes a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether, that is, a PFA resin.
- the PFA resin may contain a third component other than the tetrafluoroethylene unit and the perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether unit.
- the ratio of the third component is preferably, for example, 30 mol% or less with respect to the total of the tetrafluoroethylene unit and the perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether unit.
- the kind of perfluoroalkyl group in perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether is not specifically limited, For example, a trifluoromethyl group, a tetrafluoroethyl group, etc. are preferable.
- At least a part of the PFA resin is the first component that has been melted 2 to 20 times. Thereby, even when a battery is used in a humid environment for a long period of time, moisture permeation into the battery is remarkably suppressed.
- the proportion of the PFA resin in the material constituting the gasket is, for example, preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 95% by mass or more.
- the melting treatment includes a step of heating and melting the PFA resin and then cooling it back to a solid.
- the temperature of the PFA resin is set to a melting temperature of 310 ° C. to 450 ° C., preferably 340 to 420 ° C., more preferably 340 to 400 ° C.
- the melting temperature includes not only a temperature at which the PFA resin is completely melted but also a temperature at which the PFA resin becomes a gel and can be molded by a molding process such as injection molding.
- the hydrophilicity of the PFA resin can be reduced by the melting treatment, and the hydrophobicity of the gasket proceeds. Further, the mechanical strength of the PFA resin is maintained by setting the melting temperature of the PFA resin to 310 ° C. to 450 ° C. Each time the melting process is performed, the PFA resin is given a thermal history at 310 ° C. to 450 ° C.
- the initial melting process includes a step of heating and melting the PFA resin, which is a virgin material, and then cooling it back to a solid.
- Virgin material is PFA resin as obtained from the resin manufacturer. Virgin materials are usually composed of particles such as beads or pellets.
- virgin material obtained from the resin manufacturer include, for example, “NEOFLON TM PFA” manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd. and “Fluon® PFA” manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. (“Fluon PFA”), “Teflon (registered trademark) PFA (TEFLON PFA)” manufactured by Mitsui DuPont Fluorochemicals, and the like.
- the heating time at the melting temperature of the PFA resin per melting treatment is preferably 5 minutes or less, and more preferably 3 minutes or less.
- the heating time per one melting process is preferably 5 minutes or less, and more preferably 3 minutes or less.
- the mechanical strength of the PFA resin can be easily maintained within a more preferable range even when the melting process is repeated 2 to 20 times.
- the hydrophilicity of the PFA resin is more influenced by the number of melting processes than the total heating time.
- the heating time may be, for example, 60 seconds or longer.
- the PFA resin can further contain a second component other than the first component.
- the quantity of the 2nd component which occupies for the sum total of a 1st component and a 2nd component is 90 mass% or less.
- the amount of the second component is 90% by mass or less, the effect of hydrophobizing the gasket by the first component is not significantly impaired.
- the amount of the second component is more preferably 80% by mass or less, still more preferably 60% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 40% by mass or less.
- the amount of the second component in the total of the first component and the second component can be, for example, 1% by mass or more.
- the melt flow rate (MFR) of the PFA resin which is a virgin material before the melting treatment, is preferably 20 g / 10 min or more and 40 g / 10 min or less.
- MFR melt flow rate
- the MFR is in the range of 23 g / 10 min to 37 g / 10 min.
- the melting temperature is 380 ° C.
- the MFR of the PFA resin is stable for at least about 30 minutes.
- MFR is measured according to ASTM test method D3307. Specifically, the resin temperature is set to 372 ° C., and the mass (g / 10 minutes) of the PFA resin flowing out from a nozzle having an inner diameter of 2 mm and a length of 8 mm per 10 minutes under a 5 kg load is obtained as MFR.
- a sealant is present on the first joint surface between the battery case and the gasket and the second joint surface between the sealing plate and the gasket.
- a sealing agent contains a rubber component.
- PFA resin is an excellent material having a high fluorine content and low moisture permeability among fluororesins. Moreover, it is thought that PFA resin has the largest fluorine content in the fluororesin which can be injection-molded. Injection molding is a molding method that is excellent in mass productivity and enables significant cost reduction and mass production. Therefore, in selecting a gasket material, it is an important determination factor that injection molding is possible.
- PFA resin is suitable as a gasket material for non-aqueous electrolyte batteries that require long-term reliability.
- the PFA resin has hydrophilic groups such as a carboxyl group (—COOH), a hydroxyl group (—OH), and an amino group (—NH 2 ) as its end group, moisture tends to be adsorbed on the gasket surface.
- the moisture adsorbed on the gasket surface promotes the penetration of moisture into the battery along the gasket surface. Therefore, it is difficult to suppress moisture from entering the battery from the outside at a high level only by using the PFA resin.
- the influence of moisture intrusion on the gasket surface becomes large, and it is difficult to ensure reliability.
- the PFA resin is heated to a melting temperature of 310 ° C. to 450 ° C., preferably 340 to 420 ° C., more preferably 340 to 400 ° C., and then cooled to return to a solid.
- a melting temperature 310 ° C. to 450 ° C., preferably 340 to 420 ° C., more preferably 340 to 400 ° C.
- the obtained gasket and the waste material of PFA resin generated at the same time are formed by a second component that has undergone a melting process once. Will be.
- a gasket manufactured by injection molding using a mixture of a PFA resin that has been melted once or more and a PFA resin that has not been melted once is composed of a first component and a second component. It will be composed of a composite.
- the melting treatment is not necessarily applied to the PFA resin in the gasket manufacturing process such as injection molding, and may be performed in a separate process. That is, you may produce a gasket by arbitrary methods using the 1st component prepared previously.
- the mixing of the PFA resin that has been melted once or more and the PFA resin that has not yet been melted can be performed during the gasket manufacturing process (for example, inside the injection device provided in the injection molding apparatus) or in a separate process. it can.
- the first component may be a mixture of PFA resins having different numbers of melt treatments.
- the main groups are divided and the end groups are bonded to each other at the same time.
- the molecular weight does not change greatly, and the mechanical strength is maintained.
- the end groups are bonded together with decomposition, at least a part of the hydrophilic group that adsorbs moisture (for example, an H atom-containing group) is removed, and the hydrophilicity decreases.
- carboxyl groups (—COOH) are decomposed and bonded, the terminal group becomes (—COOOH—) and becomes a part of the main chain, and at the same time, H 2 O is released.
- the end of the divided main chain becomes a —CF ⁇ CF 2 group having hydrophobicity, so that the hydrophilicity of the whole molecule is lowered. Thereby, adsorption
- the degree to which the end groups are bonded depends on the temperature and the number of times of melting treatment applied to the PFA resin. As the PFA resin is heated to a higher temperature, more bonds between end groups are formed. When the melting treatment is performed at 310 ° C., it is considered that two or more melting treatments are necessary to sufficiently hydrophobize the PFA resin.
- the melting treatment is further performed after the bonding of all end groups is completed, the main chain is predominantly broken, leading to a decrease in mechanical strength. Moreover, when performing a melting process at the temperature over 450 degreeC, it becomes difficult to obtain sufficient sealing pressure
- a battery having high reliability can be obtained even when used in a humid environment for a long period of time. This is because the hydrophilic end groups of the PFA resin are reduced, so that the moisture adsorbed on the gasket surface is reduced, and the penetration of moisture passing through the gasket surface into the battery is suppressed.
- the gasket includes a second component
- a PFA resin having a hydrophilic end group for example, the second component
- a hydrophobic PFA resin first component
- the battery characteristics in a high temperature and high humidity environment can be improved by using a PFA resin that has been melted twice or more as at least a part of the gasket material.
- a sealant is interposed between the first bonding surface and the second bonding surface.
- the sealant preferably contains a rubber component.
- a sealant containing a rubber component such as butyl rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, or fluorine rubber.
- a sealant has better adhesion to the PFA resin than a pitch material containing bron asphalt which is more commonly used. Therefore, by using the sealant containing the rubber component, the effect of improving the battery characteristics in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment is greater than when using a pitch material.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a coin-shaped (flat) nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the coin battery 20 includes a power generation element and a battery container that stores the power generation element.
- the power generation element includes a coin-shaped positive electrode 1, a coin-shaped negative electrode 2, a separator 3 interposed between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2, and a non-aqueous electrolyte (not shown).
- the battery container includes a battery case 4 that also serves as a positive electrode terminal, a sealing plate 5 that also serves as a negative electrode terminal, and a gasket 6 that is interposed between the battery case 4 and the sealing plate 5 to insulate them.
- a current collecting layer (not shown) may be formed of a conductive material on the inner surfaces of the battery case 4 and the sealing plate 5.
- FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a cylindrical nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the cylindrical battery 30 includes a power generation element and a battery container that stores the power generation element.
- the power generation element includes an electrode group and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution (not shown) impregnated in the electrode group.
- the electrode group is formed by winding a belt-like positive electrode 11 and a belt-like negative electrode 12 together with a separator 13 interposed therebetween.
- the battery container includes a battery case 14 that also serves as a negative electrode terminal, a sealing plate 15 that also serves as a positive electrode terminal, and a gasket 16 that is interposed between the battery case 14 and the sealing plate 15 to insulate them.
- the negative electrode 12 and the battery case 14 are connected via a negative electrode lead 17.
- a sealing plate 15 that also serves as a positive electrode terminal is attached to the upper part of the battery case 14.
- the positive electrode 11 and the sealing plate 15 are connected via a positive electrode lead 18.
- an upper insulating plate 19a and a lower insulating plate 19b are provided above and below the electrode group, respectively, to prevent internal short circuits.
- the gasket 6 (16) includes a first component produced by subjecting a PFA resin, which is a virgin material, to a melt treatment at 310 to 450 ° C. for 2 to 20 times.
- the gasket 6 (16) may be composed of 100% of the first component, but may contain, for example, 1% or more of the second component.
- the positive electrode 1 (11) is, for example, a pressure-molded body of a positive electrode mixture containing a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder.
- a positive electrode active material is selected according to the kind of desired primary battery or secondary battery.
- LiCoO 2, LiNiO 2, LiNi x Co 1-x O 2, LiNi x Mn y Co 1-xy O 2, MnO 2, metal oxides such as V 2 O 5, TiS 2, metal sulfides such as FeS 2 Materials, graphite fluoride, sulfur or specific polymers can be used as the positive electrode active material.
- the conductive agent carbon materials such as graphite and carbon black can be used.
- the binder polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), polyacrylic acid, or the like can be used.
- the positive electrode mixture When constructing a coin-type battery, the positive electrode mixture is molded into a coin-shaped pellet. On the other hand, when a cylindrical or rectangular battery is formed, a positive electrode mixture is filled in a support and rolled to produce a belt-like positive electrode.
- the support for example, metal foil or expanded metal is used. Moreover, aluminum, stainless steel, etc. are used as a material of a support body.
- the negative electrode 2 (12) is, for example, a pressure-molded body of a negative electrode mixture containing a negative electrode active material, a conductive agent and a binder, or a negative electrode active material itself (metal) formed into a sheet.
- a negative electrode active material is selected according to the kind of desired primary battery or secondary battery.
- lithium alloys such as metallic lithium, lithium-aluminum alloy, lithium-tin alloy, lithium-silicon alloy, oxides such as SnO, SnO 2 , SiO, SiO 2 , Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , natural graphite and artificial graphite
- a carbon material such as can be used as the negative electrode active material.
- the conductive agent a carbon material such as graphite or carbon black can be used.
- PTFE, PVDF, SBR, polyacrylic acid, polyimide, or the like can be used as the binder.
- the negative electrode mixture When composing a coin-type battery, the negative electrode mixture is molded into a coin-shaped pellet. Metal lithium or lithium alloy is punched into a coin shape. On the other hand, when a cylindrical or rectangular battery is formed, a negative electrode mixture is filled in a support and rolled to produce a strip-shaped negative electrode.
- the support for example, metal foil or expanded metal is used. Moreover, copper, nickel, etc. are used as a material of a support body. Metallic lithium or lithium alloy is formed into a strip shape.
- the separator 3 (13) may be a conventionally used microporous film, nonwoven fabric, or the like.
- a material for the separator polyolefin such as polyethylene and polypropylene, cellulosic material, engineering plastic such as polyphenylene sulfide, and the like can be used.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte includes a non-aqueous substance and a supporting electrolyte that dissolves therein.
- a supporting electrolyte for example, LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiAsF 6 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 can be used. These may be used independently and may use multiple types together.
- non-aqueous solvent examples include propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, sulfolane, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolane, and ⁇ -butyrolactone. Can do. These may be used independently and may use multiple types together.
- the shape and type of the battery are not particularly limited, but the present invention is applied to a battery using a gasket for a sealing portion, particularly a battery having a crimped sealing structure, such as a coin shape (flat shape), a cylindrical shape, and a pin shape.
- the caulking and sealing structure is a sealing structure including a battery case having an opening, a sealing plate for sealing the opening, and a gasket interposed between the battery case and the sealing plate. It is the structure which tries to ensure sealing performance by pressing the edge part of this to the periphery of a sealing board through a gasket.
- Battery 1 A positive electrode mixture obtained by mixing LiCoO 2 as a positive electrode active material, carbon black as a conductive agent, and fluororesin powder as a binder in a mass ratio of 90: 5: 5 into a coin shape having a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm. After molding and drying the molded body at 200 ° C. for 24 hours, it was used as the positive electrode 1.
- a negative electrode mixture prepared by mixing Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 as a negative electrode active material, graphite as a conductive agent, and polyacrylic acid as a binder in a mass ratio of 80: 15: 5 has a diameter of 11 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm. After molding into a coin shape and drying the molded body at 150 ° C. for 24 hours, it was used as the negative electrode 2.
- a coin-type battery (battery 1) as shown in FIG. 1 was produced.
- the battery has an outer diameter of 16 mm and a height of 1.6 mm.
- a polypropylene nonwoven fabric was used for the separator 3
- stainless steel was used for the battery case 4 and the sealing plate 5.
- a conductive carbon coating film was formed on the inner surfaces of the battery case 4 and the sealing plate 5 as a current collecting layer (not shown). In order to remove moisture from the coating film, the battery case 4 and the sealing plate 5 were used after being dried at 150 ° C. for 6 hours.
- the gasket material is a first component that has been subjected to a melting treatment in which PFA resin (MFR: 30 g / 10 min) as a virgin material is melted by heating at 350 ° C. for 2 minutes and then cooled and solidified. 100% was used.
- the tenth melting process was performed in an injection apparatus provided in the injection molding apparatus, and then a gasket was formed by the molding apparatus.
- the heating time at the melting temperature was controlled to be substantially the same as that of the battery 1 in the following examples and comparative examples.
- Battery 2 A battery 2 was produced in the same manner as the battery 1 except that 100% of a PFA resin that was melt-treated twice at 310 ° C. was used as the gasket material.
- Battery 3 A battery 3 was produced in the same manner as the battery 1 except that 100% of a PFA resin that was melt-treated twice at 450 ° C. was used as the gasket material.
- Battery 4 A battery 4 was produced in the same manner as the battery 1 except that 100% of a PFA resin that was melt-treated 20 times at 310 ° C. was used as a gasket material.
- Battery 5 A battery 5 was produced in the same manner as the battery 1 except that 100% of PFA resin that had been melt-treated 20 times at 450 ° C. was used as the gasket material.
- Battery 6 As a gasket material, a mixture of 30% by mass of PFA resin (first component) subjected to melting treatment twice at 310 ° C. and 70% by mass of PFA resin (second component) subjected to melting treatment only once at 310 ° C. A battery 6 was produced in the same manner as the battery 1 except that was used.
- Battery 7 As a gasket material, a mixture of 30% by mass of PFA resin (first component) subjected to melting treatment 20 times at 450 ° C. and 70% by mass of PFA resin (second component) subjected to melting treatment only once at 450 ° C. A battery 7 was produced in the same manner as the battery 1 except that was used.
- a mixture of 30% by mass of a PFA resin subjected to a melting treatment at 450 ° C. 19 times and 70% by mass of a virgin material of a PFA resin that has not been subjected to a melting process once is further added to the mixture.
- the melt was processed at 450 ° C. in the injection device, and then a gasket was produced with a molding device.
- a battery 7 was produced in the same manner as the battery 1 except that the obtained gasket was used.
- Comparative battery A A comparative battery A was produced in the same manner as the battery 1 except that 100% of PFA resin that was melt-treated twice at 305 ° C. was used as the gasket material.
- Comparative battery B A comparative battery B was produced in the same manner as the battery 1 except that 100% of PFA resin that was melted once at 310 ° C. was used as the gasket material.
- Comparative battery C A comparative battery C was produced in the same manner as the battery 1 except that 100% of PFA resin that had been melt-treated 20 times at 460 ° C. was used as the gasket material.
- Comparative battery D A comparative battery D was produced in the same manner as the battery 1 except that 100% of PFA resin that had been melt-treated 21 times at 450 ° C. was used as the gasket material.
- Comparative battery E A comparative battery E was produced in the same manner as the battery 1 except that 100% of PFA resin that was melted once at 450 ° C. was used as the gasket material.
- Comparative battery F A comparative battery F was produced in the same manner as the battery 1 except that 100% of a PFA resin melted twice at 460 ° C. was used as the gasket material.
- Comparative battery G A comparative battery G was produced in the same manner as the battery 1 except that 100% of PFA resin that had been melt-treated 20 times at 305 ° C. was used as the gasket material.
- Comparative battery H A comparative battery H was produced in the same manner as the battery 1 except that 100% of PFA resin that had been melted at 310 ° C. 21 times was used as the gasket material.
- the batteries 1 to 7 are examples, and the comparative batteries A to H are comparative batteries. Twenty batteries of each of the examples and the comparative examples were prepared, and charged with a constant voltage of 2.6 V for 24 hours (protection resistance 51 ⁇ ). And about ten batteries, the discharge capacity immediately after charge was measured and the average value was calculated
- the discharge capacity is a capacity when a constant resistance discharge of 20 k ⁇ is performed up to 1.5V.
- batteries 1 to 7 in which at least a part of the gasket material was PFA resin that was melt-treated 2 to 20 times at 310 ° C. to 450 ° C. were subjected to melt treatment twice at 305 ° C.
- comparative battery B applied only once at 310 ° C.
- comparative battery E applied only once at 450 ° C.
- comparative battery F applied twice at 460 ° C., deterioration in discharge capacity after storage at high temperature and high humidity.
- Batteries 1 to 7 are a comparative battery C obtained by subjecting the gasket material to a melting treatment 20 times at 460 ° C., a comparative battery D obtained 21 times at 450 ° C., a comparative battery G 20 times applied at 305 ° C., and 310 ° C. Compared with the comparative battery H applied 21 times, it can be seen that the discharge capacity deterioration after storage at high temperature and humidity can be suppressed. Further, in the batteries C and D, cracking of the gasket occurs, whereas in the batteries 1 to 7, cracking of the gasket is not observed.
- the humidity resistance characteristics can be improved without causing weakening of the mechanical strength of the gasket due to the decrease in the molecular weight.
- the bonding of the end groups and the breaking of the main chain can proceed simultaneously by subjecting the gasket material to a melting treatment at 310 ° C. to 450 ° C. 2 to 20 times.
- the hydrophobicity of the gasket was increased, and the decrease in molecular weight was apparently suppressed, and the mechanical strength of the gasket could be maintained.
- Battery 8 As a gasket material, a mixture of 80% by mass of PFA resin (first component) subjected to melting treatment at 350 ° C. 10 times and 20% by mass of PFA resin (second component) subjected to melting treatment only once at 350 ° C. A battery 8 was produced in the same manner as the battery 1 except that was used.
- a mixture of 80% by mass of a PFA resin that was melt-treated at 350 ° C. nine times and 20% by mass of a virgin material of a PFA resin that had not been melted at least once was prepared.
- a gasket was prepared by performing a melting treatment at 350 ° C. once more.
- a battery 8 was produced in the same manner as the battery 1 except that the obtained gasket was used.
- Battery 9 is the same as Battery 8, except that the mixing ratio of the PFA resin (first component) subjected to the melting treatment at 350 ° C. nine times and the virgin material of PFA resin is changed as shown in Table 2. To 15 were produced.
- Comparative battery I A comparative battery I was produced in the same manner as the battery 1 except that 100% of PFA resin (second component) melt-treated at 350 ° C. only once was used as the gasket material.
- the batteries 8 to 15 are examples, and the comparative battery I is a battery of a comparative example.
- the batteries 8 to 15 and the comparative battery I were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the remaining capacity ratio after storage in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment is particularly high in the batteries 1 and 8 to 12 in which the mixing ratio of the PFA resin (first component) that has been melted 10 times or more is 10% or more. It can be seen that it exceeds 80%.
- Batteries 16 to 23 were produced in the same manner as Battery 1 except that a PFA resin virgin material having an MFR value in the range of 18 g / 10 min to 42 g / 10 min was used. Went. The results are shown in Table 3.
- batteries 1 and 17-22 which have an MFR of virgin material in the range of 20-40 g / 10 min, have a high remaining capacity ratio after storage in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, exceeding 80%. I understand.
- Battery 24 A solution obtained by diluting butyl rubber with toluene in advance is applied between the battery case 4 and the gasket 6 and between the sealing plate 5 and the gasket 6, and the toluene is evaporated, whereby the butyl rubber is used as a sealant.
- a battery 24 was produced in the same manner as the battery 1 except that the battery 24 was interposed between the joint surfaces.
- Battery 25 A battery 25 was produced in the same manner as the battery 24 except that styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) was used instead of butyl rubber.
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- Battery 26 A battery 26 was produced in the same manner as the battery 24 except that fluororubber was used instead of butyl rubber.
- Battery 27 A battery 27 was made in the same manner as the battery 1 except that bron asphalt (pitch) was used instead of butyl rubber.
- a metal lithium plate having a thickness of 0.58 mm was punched into a circle having a diameter of 16 mm.
- a coin-type battery (battery 28) as shown in FIG. 1 was produced.
- the dimensions of the battery are an outer diameter of 20 mm and a height of 3.2 mm.
- a polypropylene nonwoven fabric was used for the separator 3
- stainless steel was used for the battery case 4 and the sealing plate 5.
- a conductive carbon coating film was formed on the inner surfaces of the battery case 4 and the sealing plate 5 as a current collecting layer (not shown). In order to remove moisture from the coating film, the battery case 4 and the sealing plate 5 were used after being dried at 150 ° C. for 6 hours.
- the gasket material was 100% PFA resin that was melted at 350 ° C. 10 times.
- the MFR of the virgin material was 30 g / 10 minutes.
- butyl rubber was interposed as a sealant between the battery case 4 and the gasket 6 and between the sealing plate 5 and the gasket 6.
- Comparative battery J A comparative battery J was produced in the same manner as the battery 28 except that 100% of PFA resin that had been melted only once at 350 ° C. was used as the gasket material.
- the battery 28 is an example, and the comparative battery J is a battery of a comparative example. Twenty batteries for each of the examples and comparative examples were produced. The initial voltage was about 3.2V. And about ten batteries, the discharge capacity immediately after preparation was measured and the average value was calculated
- the ratio (%) of the discharge capacity (average value) of the battery after storage in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment to the discharge capacity (average value) of the battery immediately after production was calculated as the remaining capacity ratio (%).
- 10 batteries after storage were disassembled, and the number of occurrences of gasket cracks was observed.
- the battery 28 exhibits a higher remaining capacity ratio after storage in a high temperature and humidity environment than the comparative battery J.
- Electrolytic manganese dioxide heat-treated at 400 ° C. for 8 hours as a positive electrode active material, carbon powder as a conductive material, and fluororesin powder as a binder were mixed at a mass ratio of 100: 5: 5 to prepare a positive electrode mixture. .
- an expanded metal made of stainless steel was filled with a positive electrode mixture, which was rolled to a thickness of 0.38 mm, a width of 20 mm, and a length of 220 mm to obtain a positive electrode 11.
- the positive electrode 11 was used by drying at 250 ° C. for 24 hours to remove moisture.
- a strip-shaped metal lithium foil having a thickness of 0.15 mm, a width of 18 mm, and a length of 240 mm was used.
- a cylindrical battery (battery 29) as shown in FIG. 2 was produced.
- the dimensions of the battery are an outer diameter of 17 mm and a height of 34 mm.
- the separator 13 was made of a polypropylene microporous film
- the battery case 14 was made of iron
- the sealing plate 15 was made of stainless steel.
- the electrode group was prepared by winding a belt-like positive electrode 11 and a belt-like negative electrode 12 with a separator 13 interposed therebetween.
- the negative electrode 12 and the battery case 14 were connected via a negative electrode lead 17, and a sealing plate 15 that also served as a positive electrode terminal was mounted on the upper part of the battery case 14.
- the positive electrode 11 and the sealing plate 15 were connected via a positive electrode lead 18.
- An upper insulating plate 19a and a lower insulating plate 19b are provided above and below the electrode group.
- the gasket material was 100% PFA resin that was melted at 350 ° C. 10 times.
- the MFR of the virgin material was 30 g / 10 minutes.
- butyl rubber was interposed as a sealant between the battery case 14 and the gasket 16 and between the sealing plate 15 and the gasket 16.
- Comparative battery K A comparative battery K was produced in the same manner as the battery 29, except that 100% of PFA resin that had been melted only once at 350 ° C. was used as the gasket material.
- the battery 29 is an example, and the comparative battery K is a battery of a comparative example. Twenty batteries for each of the examples and comparative examples were produced. The initial voltage was about 3.2V. And about ten batteries, the discharge capacity immediately after preparation was measured and the average value was calculated
- the ratio (%) of the discharge capacity (average value) of the battery after storage in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment to the discharge capacity (average value) of the battery immediately after production was calculated as the remaining capacity ratio (%).
- 10 batteries after storage were disassembled, and the number of occurrences of gasket cracks was observed.
- the battery 29 exhibits a higher remaining capacity ratio than the comparative battery K even after storage in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention is useful as a main power source for electronic devices and the like. While this invention has been described in terms of the presently preferred embodiments, such disclosure should not be construed as limiting. Various changes and modifications will no doubt become apparent to those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains after reading the above disclosure. Accordingly, the appended claims should be construed to include all variations and modifications without departing from the true spirit and scope of this invention.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の新規な特徴を添付の請求の範囲に記述するが、本発明は、構成および内容の両方に関し、本発明の他の目的および特徴と併せ、図面を照合した以下の詳細な説明によりさらによく理解されるであろう。
[PFA樹脂]
PFA樹脂は、フッ素樹脂の中でもフッ素含有量が多く、低い透湿性を有する優れた材料である。また、PFA樹脂は、射出成型可能なフッ素樹脂の中では、最もフッ素含有量が多いと考えられる。射出成型は、量産性に優れ、大幅なコストダウンと大量生産を可能にする成型方法である。よって、ガスケットの材料選定においては、射出成型が可能であることが重要な判断要素となる。
支持電解質としては、例えば、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiClO4、LiCF3SO3、LiAsF6、LiN(CF3SO2)2、LiN(C2F5SO2)2などを用いることができる。これらは単独で用いてもよく、複数種を併用してもよい。
正極活物質としてLiCoO2、導電剤としてカーボンブラック、結着剤としてフッ素樹脂粉末を、質量比90:5:5の割合で混合した正極合剤を、直径10mm、厚み0.5mmのコイン形に成型し、成型体を200℃中で24時間乾燥した後、正極1として用いた。
ガスケット材料として、310℃で溶融処理を2回施したPFA樹脂を100%用いたこと以外、電池1と同様にして、電池2を作製した。
ガスケット材料として、450℃で溶融処理を2回施したPFA樹脂を100%用いたこと以外、電池1と同様にして、電池3を作製した。
ガスケット材料として、310℃で溶融処理を20回施したPFA樹脂を100%用いたこと以外、電池1と同様にして、電池4を作製した。
ガスケット材料として、450℃で溶融処理を20回施したPFA樹脂を100%用いたこと以外、電池1と同様にして、電池5を作製した。
ガスケット材料として、310℃で溶融処理を2回施したPFA樹脂(第一成分)30質量%と、310℃で溶融処理を1回だけ施したPFA樹脂(第二成分)70質量%との混合物を用いたこと以外、電池1と同様にして、電池6を作製した。
ガスケット材料として、450℃で溶融処理を20回施したPFA樹脂(第一成分)30質量%と、450℃で溶融処理を1回だけ施したPFA樹脂(第二成分)70質量%との混合物を用いたこと以外、電池1と同様にして、電池7を作製した。
ガスケット材料として、305℃で溶融処理を2回施したPFA樹脂を100%用いたこと以外、電池1と同様にして、比較電池Aを作製した。
ガスケット材料として、310℃で溶融処理を1だけ回施したPFA樹脂を100%用いたこと以外、電池1と同様にして、比較電池Bを作製した。
ガスケット材料として、460℃で溶融処理を20回施したPFA樹脂を100%用いたこと以外、電池1と同様にして、比較電池Cを作製した。
ガスケット材料として、450℃で溶融処理を21回施したPFA樹脂を100%用いたこと以外、電池1と同様にして、比較電池Dを作製した。
ガスケット材料として、450℃で溶融処理を1回だけ施したPFA樹脂を100%用いたこと以外、電池1と同様にして、比較電池Eを作製した。
ガスケット材料として、460℃で溶融処理を2回施したPFA樹脂を100%用いたこと以外、電池1と同様にして、比較電池Fを作製した。
ガスケット材料として、305℃で溶融処理を20回施したPFA樹脂を100%用いたこと以外、電池1と同様にして、比較電池Gを作製した。
ガスケット材料として、310℃で溶融処理を21回施したPFA樹脂を100%用いたこと以外、電池1と同様にして、比較電池Hを作製した。
実施例および比較例の電池を各々20個ずつ作製し、2.6Vの定電圧で24時間充電(保護抵抗51Ω)を行った。そして、10個の電池については、充電直後の放電容量を測定し、平均値を求めた。
一方、残り10個の電池については、温度85℃、湿度90%の高温多湿環境下で70日間保存した後、初期状態と同様の条件で充電して、放電容量を測定し、平均値を求めた。
なお、放電容量は、20kΩの定抵抗放電を1.5Vに至るまで行ったときの容量である。
更に、充電直後の電池の放電容量(平均値)に対する、高温多湿環境下での保存後の電池の放電容量(平均値)の割合(%)を、残存容量率(%)として算出した。また、保存後の電池を、それぞれ10個ずつ分解し、ガスケットの割れの発生数を観測した。これらの結果を表1に示す。
ガスケット材料として、350℃で溶融処理を10回施したPFA樹脂(第一成分)80質量%と、350℃で溶融処理を1回だけ施したPFA樹脂(第二成分)20質量%との混合物を用いたこと以外、電池1と同様にして、電池8を作製した。
350℃で溶融処理を9回施したPFA樹脂(第一成分)と、PFA樹脂のバージン材料との混合割合を、表2に示すように変更したこと以外、電池8と同様にして、電池9~15を作製した。
ガスケット材料として、350℃で溶融処理を1回だけ施したPFA樹脂(第二成分)を100%用いたこと以外、電池1と同様にして、比較電池Iを作製した。
電池8~15と比較電池Iについて、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
MFRの値が18g/10分~42g/10分の範囲内のPFA樹脂のバージン材料を用いたこと以外、電池1と同様にして、電池16~23を作製し、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。結果を表3に示す。
電池ケース4とガスケット6との間、および封口板5とガスケット6との間に、予めブチルゴムをトルエンで希釈した溶液を塗布し、トルエンを蒸発させることにより、ブチルゴムを封止剤(シーラント)として各接合面に介在させたこと以外、電池1と同様にして電池24を作製した。
ブチルゴムに代えて、スチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)を使用したこと以外、電池24と同様にして、電池25を作製した。
ブチルゴムに代えて、フッ素ゴムを使用したこと以外、電池24と同様にして、電池26を作製した。
ブチルゴムに代えて、ブロンアスファルト(ピッチ)を使用したこと以外、電池1と同様にして、電池27を作製した。
正極活物質として400℃で8時間熱処理された電解二酸化マンガン、導電剤としてカーボンブラック、結着剤としてフッ素樹脂粉末を、重量比90:5:5の割合で混合した正極合剤を、直径16mm、厚み1.9mmのペレット状に成型し、成型体を250℃中で24時間乾燥した後、正極1として用いた。
ガスケット材料として、350℃で溶融処理を1回だけ施したPFA樹脂を100%用いたこと以外、電池28と同様にして、比較電池Jを作製した。
実施例および比較例の電池を各々20個ずつ作製した。初期電圧は約3.2Vであった。そして、10個の電池については、作製直後の放電容量を測定し、平均値を求めた。一方、残り10個の電池については、温度85℃、湿度90%の高温多湿環境下で70日間保存した後、放電容量を測定し、平均値を求めた。
なお、放電容量は、15kΩの定抵抗放電を2.0Vに至るまで行ったときの容量である。
更に、作製直後の電池の放電容量(平均値)に対する、高温多湿環境下での保存後の電池の放電容量(平均値)の割合(%)を、残存容量率(%)として算出した。
また、保存後の電池10個を分解し、ガスケットの割れの発生数を観測した。これらの結果を表5に示す。
正極活物質として400℃で8時間熱処理された電解二酸化マンガン、導電材としてカーボン粉末、結着剤としてフッ素樹脂粉末を、質量比100:5:5の割合で混合して正極合剤を調製した。次に、ステンレス鋼からなるエキスパンドメタルに正極合剤を充填し、それを厚さ0.38mm、幅20mm、長さ220mmに圧延し、正極11とした。正極11は250℃で24時間乾燥して水分を除去して用いた。
ガスケット材料として、350℃で溶融処理を1回だけ施したPFA樹脂を100%用いたこと以外、電池29と同様にして、比較電池Kを作製した。
実施例および比較例の電池を各々20個ずつ作製した。初期電圧は約3.2Vであった。
そして、10個の電池については、作製直後の放電容量を測定し、平均値を求めた。一方、残り10個の電池については、温度85℃、湿度90%の高温多湿環境下で70日間保存した後、放電容量を測定し、平均値を求めた。
なお、放電容量は、0.5Aの定抵抗放電を2.0Vに至るまで行ったときの容量である。
更に、作製直後の電池の放電容量(平均値)に対する、高温多湿環境下での保存後の電池の放電容量(平均値)の割合(%)を、残存容量率(%)として算出した。
また、保存後の電池10個を分解し、ガスケットの割れの発生数を観測した。これらの結果を表6に示す。
本発明を現時点での好ましい実施態様に関して説明したが、そのような開示を限定的に解釈してはならない。種々の変形および改変は、上記開示を読むことによって本発明に属する技術分野における当業者には間違いなく明らかになるであろう。したがって、添付の請求の範囲は、本発明の真の精神および範囲から逸脱することなく、すべての変形および改変を包含する、と解釈されるべきものである。
Claims (4)
- 発電要素と、前記発電要素を収納する電池容器と、を具備し、
前記発電要素は、
正極と、負極と、前記正極と前記負極との間に介在するセパレータと、非水電解液と、を含み、
前記電池容器は、
開口を有する電池ケースと、前記開口を封口する封口板と、前記電池ケースと前記封口板との間に介在するガスケットと、を含み、
前記ガスケットは、テトラフルオロエチレンとパーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテルとの共重合体:PFA樹脂を含み、
前記PFA樹脂の少なくとも一部は、2~20回の溶融処理を経た第一成分であり、
前記溶融処理は、前記PFA樹脂を310~450℃の溶融温度に加熱して溶融させた後、冷却して固体に戻す工程を含む、非水電解液電池。 - 前記PFA樹脂は、更に、前記第一成分以外の第二成分を含み、
前記第一成分と前記第二成分との合計に占める、第二成分の量が、90質量%以下である、請求項1に記載の非水電解液電池。 - 前記溶融処理を施す前のバージン材料である前記PFA樹脂のメルトフローレート(MFR)が、20g/10分以上、かつ40g/10分以下である、請求項1または2に記載の非水電解液電池。
- 前記電池ケースと前記ガスケットとの第一接合面および前記封口板と前記ガスケットとの第二接合面に、封止剤が介在しており、
前記封止剤が、ゴム成分を含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解液電池。
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