WO2014042138A1 - 酸化物焼結体およびスパッタリングターゲット、並びにその製造方法 - Google Patents
酸化物焼結体およびスパッタリングターゲット、並びにその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an oxide sintered body used when a thin film transistor (TFT) oxide semiconductor thin film used for a display device such as a liquid crystal display or an organic EL display is formed by a sputtering method, a sputtering target, and a production thereof. It is about the method.
- TFT thin film transistor
- An amorphous (amorphous) oxide semiconductor used for a TFT has a higher carrier mobility than a general-purpose amorphous silicon (a-Si), has a large optical band gap, and can be formed at a low temperature. Therefore, it is expected to be applied to next-generation displays that require large size, high resolution, and high-speed driving, and resin substrates with low heat resistance.
- a-Si general-purpose amorphous silicon
- As an oxide semiconductor composition suitable for these uses for example, an In-containing amorphous oxide semiconductor [In—Ga—Zn—O (IGZO) or the like] has been proposed.
- a sputtering method of sputtering a sputtering target (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “target material”) made of the same material as the film is preferably used.
- target material a sputtering target made of the same material as the film.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a technique for suppressing abnormal discharge by reducing the average crystal grain size of crystal grains of an ITO target.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a technique for preventing cracking of the target material during sputtering by increasing the sintering density and reducing the crystal grain size for the ITO target.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a technique for improving the conductivity of a target material and suppressing abnormal discharge during sputtering by annealing an In—Zn—O-based composite oxide in a reducing atmosphere after sintering. Proposed.
- the target material used for manufacturing the oxide semiconductor film for a display device and the oxide sintered body that is the material are desired to have a composition corresponding to the required high carrier mobility.
- the objective is the oxide sintered compact used suitably for manufacture of the oxide semiconductor film for display apparatuses, and a sputtering target, Comprising: Another object of the present invention is to provide an oxide sintered body, a sputtering target, and a method for producing the same that can be stably formed by a sputtering method while suppressing abnormal discharge and cracking of a target material.
- the present invention provides the following oxide sintered body, sputtering target, and method for producing the oxide sintered body.
- An oxide sintered body obtained by mixing and sintering zinc oxide, indium oxide, gallium oxide, and tin oxide, The relative density of the oxide sintered body is 85% or more, The average crystal grain size of the oxide sintered body is less than 10 ⁇ m,
- the volume ratio of the Zn 2 SnO 4 phase and the InGaZnO 4 phase satisfied the following formulas (1) to (3), respectively: (Zn 2 SnO 4 phase + InGaZnO 4 phase) / (Zn 2 SnO 4 phase + InGaZnO 4 phase + InGaZn 2 O 5 phase + SnO 2 phase) ⁇ 70 vol% (1)
- the ratios (atomic%) of zinc, indium, gallium, and tin to all metal elements contained in the oxide sintered body are [Zn], [In], [Ga], and [Sn], respectively.
- ⁇ 3> The oxide sintered body according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, wherein the average crystal grain size is 0.1 ⁇ m or more.
- ⁇ 4> The oxide sintered body according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3>, wherein the relative density is 110% or less.
- ⁇ 9> A sputtering target obtained using the oxide sintered body according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 8>, wherein the specific resistance is 1 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less.
- ⁇ 11> A method for producing an oxide sintered body according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 8>, wherein zinc oxide, indium oxide, gallium oxide, and tin oxide are mixed.
- the manufacturing method of the oxide sintered compact characterized by including the process sintered in time in this order.
- ⁇ 12> The method for producing an oxide sintered body according to ⁇ 11>, wherein the average temperature rising rate is 10 ° C./hr or more.
- the crack of the target material is also suppressed, and an oxide sintered body capable of stable film formation by a sputtering method, and a sputtering target, It is also possible to provide a manufacturing method thereof.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a basic process for producing an oxide sintered body and a sputtering target of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing an example of a sintering process used in the production method of the present invention.
- the present inventors have been able to form a stable oxide film for a long period of time by suppressing abnormal discharge during sputtering and cracking of the target material, and having high carrier mobility.
- studies have been repeated.
- the Zn 2 SnO 4 phase and the InGaZnO 4 phase are included in a predetermined ratio, the ratio of the InGaZn 2 O 5 phase is reduced, the relative density is higher, and the average crystal grain size is suppressed.
- an oxide sintered body containing zinc oxide, indium oxide, gallium oxide, and tin oxide has a ratio of Zn 2 SnO 4 phase and InGaZnO 4 phase with respect to the phase structure when X-ray diffraction is performed. Having an effect of suppressing abnormal discharge during sputtering by controlling, and (b) having an effect of suppressing abnormal discharge and suppressing cracking of the sputtering material by reducing the proportion of the InGaZn 2 O 5 phase, (C) The effect of suppressing the occurrence of abnormal discharge during sputtering can be further improved by increasing the relative density. (D) The refinement of the average crystal grain size of the oxide sintered body is effective in suppressing cracks in the target material.
- the inventors have found out that there is an effect in improving the in-plane uniformity of the oxide semiconductor film formed. And (e) in order to obtain an oxide sintered body having such a phase structure, it has been found that it is desirable to appropriately control the contents of the metal elements contained in the oxide sintered body, respectively. Invented.
- the oxide sintered body according to the present invention is an oxide sintered body (IGZTO) obtained by mixing and sintering zinc oxide, indium oxide, gallium oxide, and tin oxide.
- IGZTO oxide sintered body obtained by mixing and sintering zinc oxide, indium oxide, gallium oxide, and tin oxide.
- the formed oxide semiconductor film tends to exhibit higher carrier mobility and higher etching resistance.
- a physical semiconductor film can be formed.
- the present invention is characterized in that when the oxide sintered body is subjected to X-ray diffraction, a main phase containing Zn 2 SnO 4 phase and InGaZnO 4 phase at a predetermined ratio is used, and the ratio of InGaZn 2 O 5 is suppressed. .
- the X-ray diffraction conditions in the present invention are as follows.
- Analysis device “X-ray diffractometer RINT-1500” manufactured by Rigaku Corporation Analysis conditions
- Target Cu
- Monochromatic Uses a monochrome mate (K ⁇ )
- Target output 40kV-200mA (Continuous firing measurement) ⁇ / 2 ⁇ scanning Slit: Divergence 1/2 °, Scattering 1/2 °, Received light 0.15 mm
- Monochromator light receiving slit 0.6mm Scanning speed: 2 ° / min
- Sampling width 0.02 ° Measurement angle (2 ⁇ ): 5 to 90 °
- compound phases having a crystal structure described in ICDD International Center for Diffraction Data
- ICDD International Center for Diffraction Data
- cards 24-1470, 38-1104, 40-0252, and 41-1445 respectively Zn 2 SnO 4 phase, InGaZnO 4 phase, InGaZn 2 O 5 phase, SnO 2 phase.
- the Zn 2 SnO 4 compound (phase) is formed by bonding ZnO and SnO 2 constituting the oxide sintered body of the present invention.
- the InGaZnO 4 compound (phase) is an oxide formed by combining In, Ga, and Zn constituting the oxide sintered body of the present invention.
- the above compound greatly contributes to the improvement of the relative density of the oxide sintered body and the reduction of the specific resistance. As a result, a stable direct current discharge is continuously obtained, and the abnormal discharge suppression effect is improved.
- the present invention includes the Zn 2 SnO 4 phase and InGaZnO 4 phase as a main phase.
- the “main phase” means a compound having the highest ratio among all the compounds in which the total ratio of the Zn 2 SnO 4 phase and the InGaZnO 4 phase is detected by the X-ray diffraction.
- the Zn 2 SnO 4 phase and InGaZnO 4 phase of the present invention include those in which In, Ga and / or Sn are dissolved in Zn 2 SnO 4 and InGaZnO 4 , respectively.
- a sintered body In order to obtain an oxide sintered body that can be stably formed by a sputtering method while suppressing abnormal discharge, the volume ratio of the Zn 2 SnO 4 phase and the InGaZnO 4 phase specified by the X-ray diffraction (hereinafter referred to as “a sintered body”). It is necessary that “volume%” of each phase is simply expressed as “%”) to satisfy the following formulas (1) to (3).
- ratio (1) [Zn 2 SnO 4 ] + [InGaZnO 4 ] ratio ((Zn 2 SnO 4 phase + InGaZnO 4 phase) / (Zn 2 SnO 4 phase + InGaZnO 4 phase + InGaZn 2 O 5 phase + SnO 2 phase); Ratio (1))) ⁇ 70%
- the ratio (1) is decreased, the abnormal discharge occurrence rate is increased. Therefore, the ratio needs to be 70% or more, preferably 75% or more, and more preferably 80% or more.
- the upper limit is preferably as high as possible, and may be, for example, 100%, but is preferably 97.5% or less, more preferably 95% or less from the viewpoint of ease of manufacture.
- ratio (2) [Zn 2 SnO 4 ] ratio (Zn 2 SnO 4 phase / (Zn 2 SnO 4 phase + InGaZnO 4 phase + InGaZn 2 O 5 phase + SnO 2 phase); hereinafter referred to as ratio (2)) ⁇ 30%
- the ratio (1) is satisfied, if the ratio (2) is small, the effect of suppressing abnormal discharge may not be sufficiently obtained. Therefore, the ratio needs to be 30% or more, preferably 40% or more. Preferably it is 50% or more, More preferably, it is 55% or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 90% or less, more preferably 80% or less, and still more preferably 70% or less from the viewpoint of securing the InGaZnO 4 phase.
- ratio (3) [InGaZnO 4 ] ratio (InGaZnO 4 phase / (Zn 2 SnO 4 phase + InGaZnO 4 phase + InGaZn 2 O 5 phase + SnO 2 phase); hereinafter referred to as ratio (3)) ⁇ 10%
- the ratio (3) is small, the relative density cannot be increased, and the abnormal discharge suppression effect may not be sufficiently obtained. It is necessary to make it 10% or more, preferably 12% or more, more preferably 15% or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 60% or less from the viewpoint of securing the Zn 2 SnO 4 phase, and more preferably 30% or less, and further preferably 25% or less from the viewpoint of ease of manufacture. It is.
- the InGaZn 2 O 5 phase is an oxide formed by combining In, Ga, and Zn constituting the oxide sintered body of the present invention.
- the volume ratio of the InGaZn 2 O 5 phase must satisfy the following (4).
- ratio (4) [InGaZn 2 O 5 ] ratio (InGaZn 2 O 5 phase / (Zn 2 SnO 4 phase + InGaZnO 4 phase + InGaZn 2 O 5 phase + SnO 2 phase); hereinafter referred to as ratio (4)) ⁇ 3% If the ratio (4) exceeds 3%, abnormal discharge and cracking of the target material are likely to occur. Therefore, the ratio (4) is 3% or less, preferably 2.5% or less, more preferably 2.0% or less, still more preferably 1.0% or less, and particularly preferably 0.5% or less. The ratio (4) may be 0%.
- the InGaZn 2 O 5 phase can be removed by increasing the temperature, but simply increasing the sintering temperature increases the growth of crystal grains and increases the crystal grains. As a result, the strength is lowered and the target material is cracked. Therefore, it is important to use a material having an appropriate composition and to manufacture it by an appropriate manufacturing method described later.
- the compound phase of the oxide sintered body of the present invention is preferably substantially composed of a Zn 2 SnO 4 phase, an InGaZnO 4 phase, an InGaZn 2 O 5 phase, and a SnO 2 phase.
- the proportion of the compound phase is preferably 75% or more.
- Other compound phases that can be contained include 25% or less of In 2 O 3 phase, ZnGa 2 O 4 phase, (ZnO) m In 2 O 3 phase (m is an integer of 2 or more), which are inevitably produced in production. May be included.
- the ratio of the compound phase inevitably generated can be measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD).
- the relative density of the oxide sintered body of the present invention is 85% or more. Increasing the relative density of the oxide sintered body not only can further improve the effect of suppressing the occurrence of abnormal discharge, but also provides advantages such as maintaining stable discharge continuously until the target life. In order to obtain such an effect, the oxide sintered body of the present invention needs to have a relative density of at least 85%, preferably 90% or more, and more preferably 95% or more. Further, the relative density is preferably 110% or less, and more preferably 105% or less. The relative density of the oxide sintered body is measured by the Archimedes method.
- the average crystal grain size of the crystal grains of the oxide sintered body is refined.
- the fracture surface of the oxide sintered body (or a sputtering target using the oxide sintered body) (the oxide sintered body is cut in the thickness direction at an arbitrary position, and an arbitrary surface of the cut surface is obtained.
- the average crystal grain size of the crystal grains observed by SEM (scanning electron microscope) is preferably less than 10 ⁇ m, the occurrence of abnormal discharge and cracking of the target material can be further suppressed.
- a more preferable average crystal grain size is 8 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 6 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower limit of the average crystal grain size is not particularly limited, but the preferable lower limit of the average crystal grain size is about 0.1 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of the refinement effect and the manufacturing cost.
- the average crystal grain size of the crystal grains is determined by observing the fracture surface structure of the oxide sintered body (or sputtering target) with an SEM (magnification: 400 times) and drawing a straight line having a length of 100 ⁇ m in any direction.
- the number (N) of crystal grains contained in the straight line is obtained, and the value calculated from [100 / N] is taken as the average crystal grain size on the straight line.
- 20 straight lines are created at intervals of 20 ⁇ m or more to calculate “average crystal grain size on each straight line”, and further calculated from [sum of average crystal grain size on each straight line / 20]. The value is defined as the average grain size of the crystal grains.
- the inclusion of metal elements contained in the oxide sintered body It is desirable to control the amount appropriately.
- the ratio of the content (atomic%) of each metal element (zinc, indium, gallium, tin) to the total metal elements excluding oxygen contained in the oxide sintered body is [Zn], [In], respectively. , [Ga], [Sn], it is desirable to satisfy the following formulas (5) to (7). 40 atomic% ⁇ [Zn] ⁇ 50 atomic% (5) 30 atomic% ⁇ ([In] + [Ga]) ⁇ 45 atomic% (6) (However, [In] is 4 atomic% or more, [Ga] is 5 atomic% or more) 15 atomic% ⁇ [Sn] ⁇ 25 atomic% (7)
- [Zn] means the Zn content (atomic%; hereinafter referred to as “atomic%”) of all metal elements excluding oxygen (O) (Zn, In, Ga, and Sn). Is simply written as “%”).
- [In], [Ga], and [Sn] are ratios of respective contents of In, Ga, and Sn to all metal elements (Zn, In, Ga, and Sn) excluding oxygen (O) ( Atom%).
- the above formula (5) defines the Zn ratio ([Zn]) in all metal elements, and the Zn 2 SnO 4 phase and InGaZnO 4 phase are mainly contained in the predetermined ratios (1) to ( This is set from the viewpoint of controlling to 3). If the amount of [Zn] is too small, it becomes difficult to satisfy the ratios (1) to (3) of the compound phase, and the effect of suppressing abnormal discharge cannot be sufficiently obtained. Therefore, [Zn] is preferably 40% or more, more preferably 42% or more. On the other hand, if [Zn] becomes too high, the ratio of In, Ga, and Sn is relatively lowered, and the desired compound phase ratio cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 48% or less. It is.
- the above formula (6) defines the sum of the In ratio and the Ga ratio ([In] + [Ga]) in all metal elements, and mainly uses the InGaZnO 4 phase as the predetermined ratio (1), This is set from the viewpoint of controlling in (3). If the amount of [In] + [Ga] is too small, it will be difficult to satisfy the compound phase ratios (1) and (3). Therefore, [In] + [Ga] is preferably 30% or more, more preferably 32% or more. On the other hand, if [In] + [Ga] is excessively increased, the carrier mobility of the oxide semiconductor film after film formation may be decreased, and thus it is preferably 45% or less, more preferably 43% or less.
- [In] is preferably 4% or more, and more preferably 5% or more. If the amount of [In] is too small, the effect of improving the relative density of the oxide sintered body and the reduction of the specific resistance cannot be achieved, and the carrier mobility of the oxide semiconductor film after film formation also decreases.
- [Ga] is preferably 5% or more, more preferably 10% or more. If the [Ga] ratio is too small, the ratio (3) of the compound phase may be relatively lowered.
- the above formula (7) defines the Sn ratio ([Sn]) in all metal elements, and the viewpoint of mainly controlling the Zn 2 SnO 4 phase to the predetermined ratios (1) and (2). Is set from If the amount of [Sn] is too small, it may be difficult to satisfy the ratios (1) and (2) of the compound phase, so the content is preferably 15% or more, more preferably 16% or more. On the other hand, if there is too much [Sn], the carrier mobility of the oxide semiconductor film after film formation may be lowered, and therefore it is preferably 25% or less, more preferably 22% or less.
- the content of the metal element is only required to be controlled within the above range, and the oxide sintered body of the present invention may include an oxide inevitably generated in production.
- the sputtering target obtained using the oxide sintered body of the present invention has a specific resistance of 1 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less, preferably 10 ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less, and further preferably Is characterized by 10 ⁇ 3 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less.
- the specific resistance of the sputtering target is preferably 10 ⁇ 7 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more, more preferably 10 ⁇ 6 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more, and further preferably 10 ⁇ 5 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more.
- the specific resistance of the sputtering target is determined by the four probe method.
- the oxide sintered body of the present invention is obtained by mixing and sintering zinc oxide, indium oxide, gallium oxide, and tin oxide, and the sputtering target is obtained by processing the oxide sintered body. Can be manufactured.
- oxide powder obtained by (a) mixing / pulverization ⁇ (b) drying / granulation ⁇ (c) preforming ⁇ (d) degreasing ⁇ (e) hot pressing The basic process until the sputtering target is obtained by bonding the body to (f) processing ⁇ (g) is shown.
- the present invention is characterized in that the sintering conditions ((e) hot press) are appropriately controlled as described in detail below, and the other steps are not particularly limited, and are usually used steps. Can be appropriately selected.
- this invention is not the meaning limited to this.
- zinc oxide powder, indium oxide powder, gallium oxide powder, and tin oxide powder are mixed in a predetermined ratio, mixed and pulverized.
- the purity of each raw material powder used is preferably about 99.99% or more. This is because the presence of a trace amount of impurity elements may impair the semiconductor characteristics of the oxide semiconductor film.
- the blending ratio of each raw material powder is preferably controlled so that the ratio is within the above-described range.
- the mixing / pulverization is preferably performed by using a ball mill and adding the raw material powder together with water.
- the balls and beads used in these steps are preferably made of materials such as nylon, alumina, zirconia, and the like.
- a binder or a binder may be mixed in order to ensure the ease of the subsequent molding process.
- preforming is performed.
- the powder after drying and granulation is filled in a mold having a predetermined size, and preformed by a mold press. This pre-molding is performed for the purpose of improving the handleability when setting to a predetermined mold in the hot press process, so if a pressing force of about 0.5 to 1.0 tonf / cm 2 is applied to form a molded body. Good.
- the heating conditions are not particularly limited as long as the purpose of degreasing can be achieved.
- the heating conditions may be maintained at about 500 ° C. in the atmosphere for about 5 hours.
- the compact After degreasing, the compact is set in a graphite mold having a desired shape and (e) sintered by hot pressing.
- the graphite mold is a reducing material, and since the set molded body can be sintered in a reducing atmosphere, the reduction proceeds efficiently and the specific resistance can be lowered.
- sintering is performed at a sintering temperature of 950 to 1150 ° C. and a holding time at the temperature of 0.1 to 5 hours (FIG. 2).
- a sintered body having a compound phase satisfying the above ratios (1) to (4) and an appropriate particle size can be obtained.
- the sintering temperature is low, the InGaZn 2 O 5 phase cannot be suppressed to the above ratio or less. Further, it cannot be sufficiently densified, and a desired relative density cannot be achieved.
- the sintering temperature becomes too high, the crystal grains become coarse, and the average crystal grain size of the crystal grains cannot be controlled within a predetermined range.
- the sintering temperature is 950 ° C. or higher, preferably 975 ° C. or higher, more preferably 1000 ° C. or higher, 1150 ° C. or lower, preferably 1125 ° C. or lower, more preferably 1100 ° C. or lower.
- the holding time at the sintering temperature is too long, the crystal grains grow and become coarse, so that the average crystal grain size of the crystal grains cannot be controlled within a predetermined range.
- the holding time is too short, the InGaZn 2 O 5 cannot be suppressed to the above ratio or less and cannot be sufficiently densified. Accordingly, the holding time is 0.1 hour or longer, preferably 0.5 hour or longer, and desirably 5 hours or shorter.
- the average rate of temperature rise (HR) up to the sintering temperature is 600 ° C./hr or less after preforming.
- HR temperature rise
- a more preferable average heating rate is 500 ° C./hr or less, and further preferably 300 ° C./hr or less.
- the lower limit of the average heating rate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 ° C./hr or more, more preferably 20 ° C./hr or more from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the pressurizing conditions during hot pressing in the sintering step are not particularly limited, but it is desirable to apply a pressure of, for example, a surface pressure of 600 kgf / cm 2 or less. If the pressure is too low, densification may not proceed sufficiently. On the other hand, if the pressure is too high, the graphite mold may be damaged, the densification promoting effect is saturated, and the press equipment must be enlarged.
- Preferred pressure conditions are 150 kgf / cm 2 or more and 400 kgf / cm 2 or less.
- the sintering atmosphere is preferably an inert gas atmosphere or a vacuum atmosphere in order to suppress oxidation and disappearance of graphite.
- the atmosphere control method is not particularly limited.
- the atmosphere may be adjusted by introducing Ar gas or N 2 gas into the furnace.
- the pressure of the atmospheric gas is preferably atmospheric pressure in order to suppress evaporation of zinc oxide having a high vapor pressure.
- the oxide sintered body obtained as described above has a relative density of 85% or more.
- the sputtering target of the present invention is obtained by performing (f) processing ⁇ (g) bonding by a conventional method.
- the specific resistance of the sputtering target thus obtained is also very good, and the specific resistance is generally 1 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less.
- the obtained compact was set in a graphite mold and hot pressed under the conditions (AD) shown in Table 3. At this time, N 2 gas was introduced into the hot press furnace and sintered in an N 2 atmosphere.
- the obtained sintered body was machined to finish ⁇ 100 ⁇ t5 mm and bonded to a Cu backing plate to produce a sputtering target.
- the sputtering target thus obtained was attached to a sputtering apparatus, and an oxide semiconductor film was formed on a glass substrate (size: 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm ⁇ 0.50 mm) by a DC (direct current) magnetron sputtering method.
- the sputtering conditions were a DC sputtering power of 150 W, an Ar / 0.1 volume% O 2 atmosphere, and a pressure of 0.8 mTorr.
- a thin film transistor having a channel length of 10 ⁇ m and a channel width of 100 ⁇ m was manufactured using a thin film formed under these conditions.
- the relative density was calculated by Archimedes method after sputtering after removing the target from the backing plate and polishing. A relative density of 85% or more was evaluated as acceptable (see “relative density (%)” in Table 4).
- the relative density is a percentage value obtained by dividing the density (g / cm 3 ) measured by the Archimedes method by the theoretical density ⁇ (g / cm 3 ), and the theoretical density ⁇ is calculated as follows.
- W 1 ZnO compounding amount [wt%]
- W 2 In 2 O 3 compounding amount [wt%]
- W 3 Ga 2 O 3 compounding amount [wt%]
- W 4 SnO 2 The blending amount of [wt%].
- the specific resistance of the sintered body was measured by the four-terminal method for the produced sputtering target.
- the specific resistance evaluated 1 ohm * cm or less as the pass.
- the average grain size of the crystal grains is determined by observing the structure of the oxide sintered body surface with an SEM (magnification: 400 times), drawing a straight line having a length of 100 ⁇ m in any direction, and the crystal grains contained in the straight line (N) was determined, and the value calculated from [100 / N] was defined as the average crystal grain size on the straight line. Similarly, 20 straight lines are created at intervals of 20 to 30 ⁇ m, the average crystal grain size on each straight line is calculated, and the value calculated from [sum of average crystal grain size on each straight line / 20] is further calculated. The average grain size of the crystal grains was used. The crystal grains were evaluated as passing if the average crystal grain size was less than 10 ⁇ m (see “Average grain size ( ⁇ m)” in Table 4).
- Compound phase ratio The ratio of each compound phase was determined by removing the target from the backing plate after sputtering, cutting out a 10 mm square test piece, and measuring the intensity of the diffraction line by X-ray diffraction.
- Analysis device “X-ray diffractometer RINT-1500” manufactured by Rigaku Corporation Analysis conditions: Target: Cu Monochromatic: Uses a monochrome mate (K ⁇ ) Target output: 40kV-200mA (Continuous firing measurement) ⁇ / 2 ⁇ scanning Slit: Divergence 1/2 °, Scattering 1/2 °, Received light 0.15 mm Monochromator light receiving slit: 0.6mm Scanning speed: 2 ° / min Sampling width: 0.02 ° Measurement angle (2 ⁇ ): 5 to 90 °
- the peak of each compound phase shown in Table 1 was identified based on an ICDD (International Center for Diffraction Data) card, and the height of the diffraction peak was measured. As these peaks, peaks having high diffraction intensity in the compound phase and overlapping with peaks of other compound phases were selected as much as possible.
- the measured values of the peak height at the designated peak of each compound phase are I [SnO 2 ], I [Zn 2 SnO 4 ], I [InGaZnO 4 ], and I [InGaZn 2 O 5 ] (“I” is measured).
- the volume ratio was determined by the following formula (each volume ratio (%) in Table 4).
- the ratio of the compound phase is [Zn 2 SnO 4 ] of 30% or more, [InGaZnO 4 ] of 10% or more, [Zn 2 SnO 4 ] + [InGaZnO 4 ] of 70% or more, and [InGaZn 2 O 5 ]. 3% or less was evaluated as acceptable (see Table 4).
- the sintered body is processed into a shape having a diameter of 4 inches and a thickness of 5 mm, and bonded to a backing plate to obtain a sputtering target.
- the sputtering target thus obtained is attached to a sputtering apparatus, and DC (direct current) magnetron sputtering is performed.
- the sputtering conditions are a DC sputtering power of 150 W, an Ar / 0.1 volume% O 2 atmosphere, and a pressure of 0.8 mTorr.
- the crack of the target material is also suppressed, and an oxide sintered body capable of stable film formation by a sputtering method, and a sputtering target, It is also possible to provide a manufacturing method thereof.
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Abstract
Description
<1> 酸化亜鉛と;酸化インジウムと;酸化ガリウムと;酸化錫を混合および焼結して得られる酸化物焼結体であって、
前記酸化物焼結体の相対密度が85%以上、
前記酸化物焼結体の平均結晶粒径が10μm未満であり、
前記酸化物焼結体をX線回折したとき、Zn2SnO4相とInGaZnO4相の体積比がそれぞれ下記式(1)~(3)を満足し、
(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相)/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+InGaZn2O5相+SnO2相)≧70体積%・・・(1)
Zn2SnO4相/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+InGaZn2O5相+SnO2相)≧30体積%・・・(2)
InGaZnO4相/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+InGaZn2O5相+SnO2相)≧10体積%・・・(3)
かつ、
InGaZn2O5相の体積比が下記式(4)を満足するものであることを特徴とする酸化物焼結体。
InGaZn2O5相/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+InGaZn2O5相+SnO2相)≦ 3体積%・・・(4)
40原子%≦[Zn]≦50原子%・・・(5)
30原子%≦([In]+[Ga])≦45原子%・・・(6)
(ただし、[In]は4原子%以上、[Ga]は5原子%以上)
15原子%≦[Sn]≦25原子%・・・(7)
<4> 前記相対密度が110%以下であることを特徴とする<1>~<3>のいずれか一つに記載の酸化物焼結体。
(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相)/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+InGaZn2O5相+SnO2相)≦100体積%・・・(1‘)
<6> 前記Zn2SnO4相の体積比が下記式(2‘)を満足することを特徴とする<1>~<5>のいずれか一つに記載の酸化物焼結体。
Zn2SnO4相/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+InGaZn2O5相+SnO2相)≦90体積%・・・(2‘)
<7> 前記InGaZnO4相の体積比が下記式(3‘)を満足することを特徴とする<1>~<6>のいずれか一つに記載の酸化物焼結体。
InGaZnO4相/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+InGaZn2O5相+SnO2相)≦60体積%・・・(3‘)
<8> 前記InGaZn2O5相の体積比が下記式(4‘)を満足することを特徴とする<1>~<7>のいずれか一つに記載の酸化物焼結体。
InGaZn2O5相/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+InGaZn2O5相+SnO2相)≧ 0体積%・・・(4‘)
<10> 前記比抵抗が10-7Ω・cm以上であることを特徴とする<9>に記載のスパッタリングターゲット。
<12> 前記平均昇温速度が10℃/hr以上であることを特徴とする<11>に記載の酸化物焼結体の製造方法。
分析条件
ターゲット:Cu
単色化:モノクロメートを使用(Kα)
ターゲット出力:40kV-200mA
(連続焼測定)θ/2θ走査
スリット:発散1/2°、散乱1/2°、受光0.15mm
モノクロメータ受光スリット:0.6mm
走査速度:2°/min
サンプリング幅:0.02°
測定角度(2θ):5~90°
Zn2SnO4化合物(相)は、本発明の酸化物焼結体を構成するZnOとSnO2が結合して形成されるものである。またInGaZnO4化合物(相)は、本発明の酸化物焼結体を構成するInとGaとZnが結合して形成される酸化物である。本発明において上記化合物は、酸化物焼結体の相対密度の向上と比抵抗の低減に大きく寄与するものである。その結果、安定した直流放電が継続して得られ、異常放電抑制効果が向上する。
比率(1)が小さくなると異常放電発生率が高くなるため、70%以上とする必要があり、好ましくは75%以上、より好ましくは80%以上である。一方、上限については、性能上は高いほどよく、例えば100%であってもよいが、製造容易性の観点から好ましくは97.5%以下、より好ましくは95%以下である。
上記比率(1)を満足していても比率(2)が小さいと、異常放電抑制効果が十分に得られないことがあるため、30%以上とする必要があり、好ましくは40%以上、より好ましくは50%以上、更に好ましくは55%以上である。一方、上限については特に限定されないが、InGaZnO4相を確保する観点から好ましくは90%以下、より好ましくは80%以下、更に好ましくは70%以下である。
上記比率(1)および/または比率(2)を満足していても比率(3)が小さいと、相対密度を高めることができず、異常放電抑制効果が十分に得られないことがあるため、10%以上とする必要があり、好ましくは12%以上、より好ましくは15%以上である。一方、上限については特に限定されないが、Zn2SnO4相を確保する観点から好ましくは60%以下であり、また製造容易性の観点からは、より好ましくは30%以下、更に好ましくは25%以下である。
InGaZn2O5相は、本発明の酸化物焼結体を構成するInとGaとZnが結合して形成される酸化物である。本発明では、上記X線回折を行ったとき、InGaZn2O5相の体積比は下記(4)を満足することが必要である。
比率(4)が3%を超えると異常放電やターゲット材の割れが発生しやすくなる。したがって比率(4)は3%以下、好ましくは2.5%以下、より好ましくは2.0%以下、さらに好ましくは1.0%以下、特に好ましくは0.5%以下である。比率(4)は0%であってもよい。
酸化物焼結体の相対密度はアルキメデス法により測定されるものである。
40原子%≦[Zn]≦50原子%・・・(5)
30原子%≦([In]+[Ga])≦45原子%・・・(6)
(ただし、[In]は4原子%以上、[Ga]は5原子%以上)
15原子%≦[Sn]≦25原子%・・・(7)
スパッタリングターゲットの比抵抗は四端子法により求められるものである。
純度99.99%の酸化インジウム粉末(In2O3)、純度99.99%の酸化亜鉛粉末(ZnO)、純度99.99%の酸化ガリウム粉末(Ga2O3)、純度99.99%の酸化錫粉末(SnO2)を表2に示す比率で配合し、水と分散剤(ポリカルボン酸アンモニウム)を加えてジルコニアボールミルで24時間混合した。次に、上記工程で得られた混合粉末を乾燥して造粒を行った。
このようにして得られたスパッタリングターゲットをスパッタリング装置に取り付け、DC(直流)マグネトロンスパッタリング法で、ガラス基板(サイズ:100mm×100mm×0.50mm)上に、酸化物半導体膜を形成した。スパッタリング条件は、DCスパッタリングパワー150W、Ar/0.1体積%O2雰囲気、圧力0.8mTorrとした。さらにこの条件で成膜した薄膜を使用して、チャネル長10μm、チャネル幅100μmの薄膜トランジスタを作製した。
相対密度は、スパッタリング後、ターゲットをバッキングプレートから取り外して研磨し、アルキメデス法により算出した。相対密度は85%以上を合格と評価した(表4中、「相対密度(%)」参照)。
なお、相対密度は、アルキメデス法により測定した密度(g/cm3)を理論密度ρ(g/cm3)で割った百分率の値であり、理論密度ρは以下のように計算される。
焼結体の比抵抗は、上記製作したスパッタリングターゲットについて四端子法により測定した。比抵抗は1Ω・cm以下を合格と評価した。
結晶粒の平均結晶粒径は、酸化物焼結体表面の組織をSEM(倍率:400倍)で観察し、任意の方向に100μmの長さの直線を引き、この直線内に含まれる結晶粒の数(N)を求め、[100/N]から算出される値を当該直線上での平均結晶粒径とした。同様に20~30μmの間隔で直線を20本作成して各直線上での平均結晶粒径を算出し、更に[各直線上での平均結晶粒径の合計/20]から算出される値を結晶粒の平均結晶粒径とした。結晶粒は平均結晶粒径10μm未満を合格と評価した(表4中、「平均粒径(μm)参照」)。
各化合物相の比率は、スパッタリング後、ターゲットをバッキングプレートから取り外して10mm角の試験片を切出し、X線回折で回折線の強度を測定して求めた。
分析条件:
ターゲット:Cu
単色化:モノクロメートを使用(Kα)
ターゲット出力:40kV-200mA
(連続焼測定)θ/2θ走査
スリット:発散1/2°、散乱1/2°、受光0.15mm
モノクロメータ受光スリット:0.6mm
走査速度:2°/min
サンプリング幅:0.02°
測定角度(2θ):5~90°
[Zn2SnO4]=I[Zn2SnO4]/(I[Zn2SnO4]+I[InGaZnO4]+I[InGaZn2O5]+I[SnO2])×100・・・(2)
[InGaZnO4]=I[InGaZnO4]/(I[Zn2SnO4]+I[InGaZnO4]+I[InGaZn2O5]+I[SnO2])×100・・・(3)
[InGaZn2O5]=I[InGaZn2O5]/(I[Zn2SnO4]+I[InGaZnO4]+I[InGaZn2O5]+I[SnO2])×100・・・(4)
なお、上記以外の化合物相のピークはほとんど観察されなかった。
上記焼結体を直径4インチ、厚さ5mmの形状に加工し、バッキングプレートにボンディングしてスパッタリングターゲットを得る。そのようにして得られたスパッタリングターゲットをスパッタリング装置に取り付け、DC(直流)マグネトロンスパッタリングを行う。スパッタリングの条件は、DCスパッタリングパワー150W、Ar/0.1体積%O2雰囲気、圧力0.8mTorrとする。この時の100分当りのアーキングの発生回数をカウントし2回以下、かつ、100時間放電後のターゲット材の割れが無いものを合格(○)と評価した(表4中、「異常放電回数」,「割れの有無」参照)。なお、ターゲット材の割れの有無は目視で観察した。
本出願は、2012年9月14日出願の日本特許出願(特願2012-203576)に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
Claims (12)
- 酸化亜鉛と;酸化インジウムと;酸化ガリウムと;酸化錫を混合および焼結して得られる酸化物焼結体であって、
前記酸化物焼結体の相対密度が85%以上、
前記酸化物焼結体の平均結晶粒径が10μm未満であり、
前記酸化物焼結体をX線回折したとき、Zn2SnO4相とInGaZnO4相の体積比がそれぞれ下記式(1)~(3)を満足し、
(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相)/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+InGaZn2O5相+SnO2相)≧70体積%・・・(1)
Zn2SnO4相/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+InGaZn2O5相+SnO2相)≧30体積%・・・(2)
InGaZnO4相/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+InGaZn2O5相+SnO2相)≧10体積%・・・(3)
かつ、
InGaZn2O5相の体積比が下記式(4)を満足するものであることを特徴とする酸化物焼結体。
InGaZn2O5相/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+InGaZn2O5相+SnO2相)≦ 3体積%・・・(4) - 前記酸化物焼結体に含まれる全金属元素に対する亜鉛、インジウム、ガリウム、錫の含有量の割合(原子%)をそれぞれ、[Zn]、[In]、[Ga]、[Sn]としたとき、 下記式(5)~(7)を満足するものである請求項1に記載の酸化物焼結体。
40原子%≦[Zn]≦50原子%・・・(5)
30原子%≦([In]+[Ga])≦45原子%・・・(6)
(ただし、[In]は4原子%以上、[Ga]は5原子%以上)
15原子%≦[Sn]≦25原子%・・・(7) - 前記平均結晶粒径が0.1μm以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の酸化物焼結体。
- 前記相対密度が110%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の酸化物焼結体。
- 前記Zn2SnO4相とInGaZnO4相の体積比が下記式(1‘)を満足することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の酸化物焼結体。
(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相)/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+InGaZn2O5相+SnO2相)≦100体積%・・・(1‘) - 前記Zn2SnO4相の体積比が下記式(2‘)を満足することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の酸化物焼結体。
Zn2SnO4相/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+InGaZn2O5相+SnO2相)≦90体積%・・・(2‘) - 前記InGaZnO4相の体積比が下記式(3‘)を満足することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の酸化物焼結体。
InGaZnO4相/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+InGaZn2O5相+SnO2相)≦60体積%・・・(3‘) - 前記InGaZn2O5相の体積比が下記式(4‘)を満足することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の酸化物焼結体。
InGaZn2O5相/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+InGaZn2O5相+SnO2相)≧ 0体積%・・・(4‘) - 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の酸化物焼結体を用いて得られるスパッタリングターゲットであって、比抵抗が1Ω・cm以下であること特徴とするスパッタリングターゲット。
- 前記比抵抗が10-7Ω・cm以上であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載のスパッタリングターゲット。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の酸化物焼結体の製造方法であって、酸化亜鉛と;酸化インジウムと;酸化ガリウムと;酸化錫とを混合する工程、混合により得られる混合物を黒鉛型にセットし、600℃/hr以下の平均昇温速度で焼結温度950~1150℃まで昇温する工程、該焼結温度域での保持時間0.1~5時間で焼結する工程をこの順番で含むことを特徴とする酸化物焼結体の製造方法。
- 前記平均昇温速度が10℃/hr以上であることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の酸化物焼結体の製造方法。
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