WO2014021453A1 - Substance active, procédé de fabrication d'une substance active et batterie rechargeable au lithium-ion - Google Patents

Substance active, procédé de fabrication d'une substance active et batterie rechargeable au lithium-ion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014021453A1
WO2014021453A1 PCT/JP2013/071024 JP2013071024W WO2014021453A1 WO 2014021453 A1 WO2014021453 A1 WO 2014021453A1 JP 2013071024 W JP2013071024 W JP 2013071024W WO 2014021453 A1 WO2014021453 A1 WO 2014021453A1
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Prior art keywords
active material
mass
parts
positive electrode
ion secondary
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PCT/JP2013/071024
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
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正則 原田
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株式会社豊田自動織機
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • H01M4/364Composites as mixtures
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G53/00Compounds of nickel
    • C01G53/40Nickelates
    • C01G53/42Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
    • C01G53/44Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
    • C01G53/50Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/5825Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an active material, a method for producing the active material, and a lithium ion secondary battery.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses an active material having a surface treatment layer containing a compound represented by the chemical formula MXO k on the surface of the active material.
  • M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Group 13 elements, Group 14 elements, transition metals, and rare earth elements
  • X forms a double bond with oxygen.
  • k is a number in the range of 2-4.
  • the output characteristics of lithium ion secondary batteries are not yet sufficient, and there is a need for an active material that can further improve the output characteristics.
  • This invention is made
  • the active material according to the present invention includes a composite oxide containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Mn, and Co and Li, and Mg 2 P 2 O 7, and 100 parts by mass of the composite 0.2 to 7.0 parts by mass of Mg 2 P 2 O 7 is included with respect to the oxide.
  • a lithium ion secondary battery having excellent output characteristics can be realized.
  • a lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention includes a positive electrode containing the active material and a negative electrode.
  • the lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention preferably has an impedance at 10 Hz of 10 ⁇ or less.
  • a mixture containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Mn, and Co and Li, and MgNH 4 PO 4 .H 2 O is fired.
  • the mixture includes 0.3 to 9.0 parts by mass of MgNH 4 PO 4 .H 2 O with respect to 100 parts by mass of the composite oxide.
  • the firing temperature is preferably 500 ° C. to 800 ° C.
  • an active material capable of providing a lithium ion secondary battery having excellent output characteristics is provided.
  • FIG. 1A is a schematic sectional view of a positive electrode according to one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 1B is a schematic sectional view of a lithium ion secondary battery according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the active material according to the embodiment of the present invention includes Mg 2 P 2 O 7 and a composite oxide containing Li and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Mn, and Co.
  • An example of such a composite oxide is LiCo 1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 .
  • Mg 2 P 2 O 7 is 0.2 to 7.0 parts by mass, preferably 0.4 to 6.0 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.02 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the oxide. Including 5 to 5.0 parts by mass. If it is less than 0.2 parts by mass or more than 7.0 parts by mass, the effect of improving output characteristics is low.
  • MgNH 4 PO 4 .H 2 O is prepared.
  • MgNH 4 PO 4 .H 2 O can be obtained, for example, as follows. First, the Mg (NO 3 ) 2 aqueous solution and the (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 aqueous solution are mixed. Thereby, MgNH 4 PO 4 .6H 2 O is generated and precipitated in water. The obtained precipitate is collected by filtration, and the precipitate is dried to obtain MgNH 4 PO 4 .H 2 O.
  • the drying temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100 ° C to 300 ° C.
  • the drying time is not particularly limited, but is preferably 6 to 12 hours.
  • the mixing method is not particularly limited, but can be performed by, for example, a ball mill.
  • the composition of the mixture is 100 parts by mass of the composite oxide such that 0.2 to 7.0 parts by mass of Mg 2 P 2 O 7 is included with respect to 100 parts by mass of the composite oxide in the obtained fired product.
  • 0.3 to 9.0 parts by mass of MgNH 4 PO 4 .H 2 O is contained.
  • MgNH 4 PO 4 .H 2 O is more preferably contained in an amount of 0.5 to 8.0 parts by mass, more preferably 0.7 to 7.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the composite oxide.
  • the firing temperature may be any temperature at which MgNH 4 PO 4 .H 2 O can be decomposed to produce Mg 2 P 2 O 7 , and is preferably 500 to 800 ° C.
  • MgNH 4 PO 4 ⁇ H 2 O is converted to Mg 2 P 2 O 7, the active material described above can be obtained.
  • the firing time is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 1 to 6 hours.
  • the positive electrode 10 includes a positive electrode current collector 12 and a positive electrode active material layer 14 provided on the positive electrode current collector 12.
  • the positive electrode active material layer 14 refers to a region where the active material (positive electrode active material) is coated on the positive electrode current collector 12.
  • the positive electrode active material layer 14 may be provided only on one surface of the positive electrode current collector 12 or may be provided on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 12 as indicated by a dotted line in FIG.
  • the positive electrode current collector 12 is made of a conductive material.
  • An example of the material of the positive electrode current collector 12 is a metal material such as stainless steel, titanium, nickel, aluminum, or copper, or a conductive resin.
  • aluminum is suitable as a material for the positive electrode current collector 12.
  • the thickness of the positive electrode current collector 12 is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 15 to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the positive electrode active material layer 14 includes the active material described above and a binder.
  • the particle size of the active material is preferably 10 to 15 ⁇ m.
  • the binder fixes the active material to the current collector.
  • the binder are fluorine-containing resins such as polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, and fluororubber, thermoplastic resins such as polypropylene and polyethylene, imide resins such as polyimide and polyamideimide, and alkoxysilanol group-containing resins.
  • the amount of the binder can be 1 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the active material.
  • the positive electrode active material layer 14 can further contain a conductive additive as necessary.
  • a conductive additive examples include carbon-based particles such as carbon black, graphite, acetylene black (AB), ketjen black (registered trademark) (KB), vapor grown carbon fiber (VaporGown Carbon Fiber: VGCF). These can be added alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the amount of the conductive aid used is not particularly limited, but for example, it can be 1 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the active material.
  • Such a positive electrode can be obtained by applying a slurry containing an active material, a binder, and a conductive additive added as necessary to a current collector and drying it.
  • the solvent for the slurry are N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), methanol, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). After drying, the active material layer may be pressed.
  • the positive electrode current collector 12 has a tab portion 12t at the end where the positive electrode active material layer 14 is not formed.
  • a lead 16 described later is electrically connected to the tab portion 12t.
  • Lithium ion secondary battery 100 Next, an example of the lithium ion secondary battery 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the lithium ion secondary battery 100 mainly includes a positive electrode 10, a separator 20, a negative electrode 30, a case 70, and an electrolytic solution.
  • the negative electrode 30 includes a negative electrode current collector 32 and a negative electrode active material layer 34 provided on the negative electrode current collector 32.
  • the negative electrode active material layer 34 refers to a region of the negative electrode current collector 32 where the negative electrode active material is applied.
  • the negative electrode current collector 32 is made of a conductive material.
  • An example of the material of the negative electrode current collector 32 is a metal such as copper.
  • the negative electrode active material layer 34 has a negative electrode active material and a binder.
  • the negative electrode active material layer 34 may contain a conductive additive as necessary. Examples and blending amounts of the binder and the conductive auxiliary agent can be the same as those described for the positive electrode 10.
  • a carbon-based material that can occlude and release lithium an element that can be alloyed with lithium, an elemental compound that has an element that can be alloyed with lithium, or a polymer material can be used.
  • the carbon-based material examples include non-graphitizable carbon, artificial graphite, coke, graphite, glassy carbon, organic polymer compound fired body, carbon fiber, activated carbon, or carbon black.
  • the organic polymer compound fired body refers to a material obtained by firing and carbonizing a polymer material such as phenols and furans at an appropriate temperature.
  • elements that can be alloyed with lithium are Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Ti, Ag, Zn, Cd, Al, Ga, 1n, Si, Ge. , Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi.
  • the element that can be alloyed with lithium is preferably silicon (Si) or tin (Sn).
  • Examples of element compound having lithium can be alloyed elements, ZnLiAl, AlSb, SiB 4, SiB 6, Mg 2 Si, Mg 2 Sn, Ni 2 Si, TiSi 2, MoSi 2, CoSi 2, NiSi 2, CaSi 2, CrSi 2, Cu 5 Si , FeSi 2, MnSi 2, NbSi 2, TaSi 2, VSi 2, WSi 2, ZnSi 2, SiC, Si 3 N 4, Si 2 N 2 O, SiO v (0 ⁇ v ⁇ 2), SnO w (0 ⁇ w ⁇ 2), SnSiO 3 , LiSiO or LiSnO can be used.
  • An example of the elemental compound having an element capable of alloying with lithium is preferably a silicon compound or a tin compound.
  • the silicon compound is preferably SiO x (0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.5).
  • a tin alloy Cu—Sn alloy, Co—Sn alloy, etc. can be used.
  • polymer material examples include polyacetylene and polypyrrole.
  • the manufacturing method of the negative electrode is the same as that of the positive electrode except that the active material is different.
  • the negative electrode current collector 32 has a tab portion 32t at the end of which the negative electrode active material layer 34 is not formed.
  • a lead 36 described later is electrically connected to the tab portion 32t.
  • the separator 20 separates the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 30 and allows lithium ions to pass through while preventing a short circuit of current due to contact between both electrodes.
  • a porous film made of a synthetic resin such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, or polyethylene, or a porous film made of ceramics can be used.
  • the positive electrode active material layer 14 of the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode active material layer 34 of the negative electrode 30 are in contact with each surface of the separator 20.
  • the electrolytic solution includes an electrolyte and a solvent that dissolves the electrolyte.
  • the electrolyte is impregnated in the positive electrode active material layer 14, the separator 20, and the negative electrode active material layer 34.
  • Examples of the electrolyte are lithium salts such as LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , and LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 .
  • solvent examples include cyclic esters, chain esters, and ethers. Two or more of these solvents can be mixed.
  • cyclic esters are ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, gamma butyrolactone, vinylene carbonate, 2-methyl-gamma butyrolactone, acetyl-gamma butyrolactone, and gamma valerolactone.
  • chain esters are methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, propionic acid alkyl ester, malonic acid dialkyl ester, and acetic acid alkyl ester.
  • ethers examples include tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, 1,2-dibutoxyethane.
  • the concentration of the electrolyte in the electrolytic solution can be, for example, 0.5 to 1.7 mol / L.
  • the electrolytic solution may contain a gelling agent.
  • the case 70 accommodates the positive electrode 10, the separator 20, the negative electrode 30, and the electrolytic solution.
  • the material and form of the case are not particularly limited, and various known materials such as resins and metals can be used.
  • Leads 16 and 36 are connected to the tab portion 12t of the positive electrode current collector 12 and the tab portion 32t of the negative electrode current collector 32, respectively. One ends of the leads 16 and 36 are out of the case 70.
  • Such a lithium ion secondary battery 100 is excellent in output characteristics. Specifically, the lithium ion secondary battery 100 does not contain Mg 2 P 2 O 7 and has a 0.1 Hz impedance relative to the lithium ion secondary battery 100 having the same structure and material except that the concentration is 0. Can be reduced.
  • the lithium ion secondary battery 100 is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made.
  • a plurality of positive electrodes, negative electrodes, and separators may be provided, the positive electrodes and the negative electrodes may be alternately disposed, and the separators may be disposed between the positive electrodes and the negative electrodes.
  • Example 1 A 3% by mass Mg (NO 3 ) 2 aqueous solution and a 1% by mass (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 aqueous solution were prepared. Next, these aqueous solutions were mixed, and the precipitate was collected by filtration. The precipitate (MgNH 4 PO 4 .6H 2 O) was dried at 120 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain MgNH 4 PO 4 .H 2 O particles.
  • MgNH 4 PO 4 .H 2 O particles and LiCo 1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 particles are mixed at a mass ratio of 2: 100, and the mixture is fired at 700 ° C. for 5 hours. Then, active material particles containing 1.4 parts by mass of Mg 2 P 2 O 7 with respect to 100 parts by mass of LiCo 1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 were obtained.
  • the obtained active material particles, acetylene black, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were mixed at a mass ratio of 88: 6: 6, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was further added.
  • a slurry was applied, applied onto an aluminum foil, dried at 120 ° C. for 6 hours, and then pressed to obtain a positive electrode 10 (25 mm ⁇ 30 mm).
  • the positive electrode active material layer 14 of the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode active material layer 34 of the negative electrode 30 are used as polypropylene as the separator 20. They were overlapped via a porous film (27 mm ⁇ 32 mm), accommodated in a resin case 70, and an electrolyte was injected to obtain a lithium ion secondary battery.
  • the electrolytic solution contained a solvent containing ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate in a volume ratio of 3: 7 and LiPF 6 contained at a concentration of 1 mol / L.
  • Example 2 MgNH 4 PO 4 .H 2 O particles and LiCo 1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 particles are mixed at a mass ratio of 5: 100, and 100 parts by mass of LiCo 1/3.
  • the same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that positive electrode active material particles containing 3.6 parts by mass of Mg 2 P 2 O 7 with respect to Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 were obtained.
  • Example 3 MgNH 4 PO 4 .H 2 O particles and LiCo 1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 particles are mixed at a mass ratio of 0.5: 100, and 100 parts by mass of LiCo 1 / 3 The same procedure as in Example 1 was conducted except that positive electrode active material particles containing 0.4 parts by mass of Mg 2 P 2 O 7 with respect to Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 were obtained.
  • Example 1 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that LiCo 1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 particles were used as the active material particles.
  • Example 2 MgNH 4 PO 4 .H 2 O particles and LiCo 1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 particles are mixed at a mass ratio of 10: 100, and 100 parts by mass of LiCo 1/3.
  • the same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that active material particles containing 7.2 parts by mass of Mg 2 P 2 O 7 with respect to Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 were obtained.
  • the impedance was measured with a multipotentiostat 1470E type (manufactured by Solartron) as follows.
  • the impedance is a value of impedance at 0.1 Hz obtained when impedance is measured in the range of 1 MHz to 0.05 Hz after the cell is adjusted to a voltage of SOC 20%.
  • the results are shown in Table 1. In Examples 1 to 3, a 0.1 Hz impedance of 10 ⁇ or less was achieved, but in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, a 0.1 Hz impedance of 10 ⁇ or less was not achieved.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention a trait à une substance active qui contient Mg2P2O7 et un oxyde complexe contenant Li et au moins un élément choisi dans le groupe comprenant Ni, Mn et Co, la substance active contenant de 0,2 à 7,0 parties en masse de Mg2P2O7 sur 100 parties en masse d'oxyde complexe. Le procédé de fabrication d'une substance active inclut une étape consistant à cuire un matériau mélangé contenant MgNH4PO4·H2O et un oxyde complexe contenant Li et au moins un élément choisi dans le groupe comprenant Ni, Mn et Co, le matériau mélangé contenant de 0,3 à 9,0 parties en masse de MgNH4PO4·H2O sur 100 parties en masse de l'oxyde complexe.
PCT/JP2013/071024 2012-08-03 2013-08-02 Substance active, procédé de fabrication d'une substance active et batterie rechargeable au lithium-ion WO2014021453A1 (fr)

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JP2012-173198 2012-08-03

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0796347A (ja) * 1993-06-09 1995-04-11 Bayer Ag インベストメント鋳型用配合物
JP2011028976A (ja) * 2009-07-24 2011-02-10 Sony Corp 正極活物質、正極および非水電解質電池
JP2013114786A (ja) * 2011-11-25 2013-06-10 Sony Corp 電極、二次電池、電池パック、電動車両、電力貯蔵システム、電動工具および電子機器

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4679112B2 (ja) * 2004-10-29 2011-04-27 三洋電機株式会社 非水電解質二次電池及びその製造方法
JP2012071267A (ja) * 2010-09-29 2012-04-12 Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd グリセリン脱水用触媒、およびアクロレインの製造方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0796347A (ja) * 1993-06-09 1995-04-11 Bayer Ag インベストメント鋳型用配合物
JP2011028976A (ja) * 2009-07-24 2011-02-10 Sony Corp 正極活物質、正極および非水電解質電池
JP2013114786A (ja) * 2011-11-25 2013-06-10 Sony Corp 電極、二次電池、電池パック、電動車両、電力貯蔵システム、電動工具および電子機器

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