WO2013191269A1 - 貴金属吸着用活性炭並びに貴金属吸着フィルター及び貴金属回収方法 - Google Patents
貴金属吸着用活性炭並びに貴金属吸着フィルター及び貴金属回収方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013191269A1 WO2013191269A1 PCT/JP2013/067033 JP2013067033W WO2013191269A1 WO 2013191269 A1 WO2013191269 A1 WO 2013191269A1 JP 2013067033 W JP2013067033 W JP 2013067033W WO 2013191269 A1 WO2013191269 A1 WO 2013191269A1
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/2803—Sorbents comprising a binder, e.g. for forming aggregated, agglomerated or granulated products
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28057—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
- B01J20/28061—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area being in the range 100-500 m2/g
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28069—Pore volume, e.g. total pore volume, mesopore volume, micropore volume
- B01J20/28071—Pore volume, e.g. total pore volume, mesopore volume, micropore volume being less than 0.5 ml/g
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28069—Pore volume, e.g. total pore volume, mesopore volume, micropore volume
- B01J20/28073—Pore volume, e.g. total pore volume, mesopore volume, micropore volume being in the range 0.5-1.0 ml/g
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
- B01J20/2808—Pore diameter being less than 2 nm, i.e. micropores or nanopores
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/336—Preparation characterised by gaseous activating agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/22—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means, or by thermal decomposition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/22—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means, or by thermal decomposition
- C22B3/24—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means, or by thermal decomposition by adsorption on solid substances, e.g. by extraction with solid resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/16—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from metallurgical processes, i.e. from the production, refining or treatment of metals, e.g. galvanic wastes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to activated carbon for adsorbing a noble metal from an aqueous solution containing a noble metal, a noble metal adsorption filter using the activated carbon, and a noble metal recovery method.
- Precious metals are widely used not only for jewelry, but also for industrial demand such as printed circuit boards and other electronic devices using electrical and chemical properties, or for dental materials, medical materials, various catalysts, etc. Yes. Particularly in recent years, prices have risen against the backdrop of speculative purposes due to the expansion of overseas markets and economic instability, and there is an urgent need to reduce the use of precious metals and to recycle by recycling precious metals for the purpose of reducing production costs. .
- Patent Document 1 JP 2009-24200 A (Patent Document 1), a metal part of a waste electronic component is dissolved with a stripping solution of an aqueous solution containing cyan ion, and sodium hypochlorite is added to the solution to perform oxidation reduction. While maintaining the potential at +350 mV (silver / silver chloride electrode) or more, further add mineral acid to adjust the pH to 6-8, add activated carbon and stir to adsorb the noble metal to the activated carbon, and filter the separated activated carbon to the noble metal. There has been proposed a method for separating and recovering precious metals.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that a flocculant is added to the washing waste water after the addition of the palladium catalyst in the electroless plating step to settle the palladium-containing slurry, and then the precipitated palladium-containing slurry is added.
- a method has been proposed in which palladium metal is adsorbed by adsorbing palladium metal through a column of a trapping material in which a dissolving agent is dissolved in mineral acid and the reducing agent is supported on activated carbon.
- This document describes that a hydroquinone derivative is effective as the reducing agent.
- this method can recover the noble metal relatively easily, it uses a hydroquinone derivative as a reducing agent, which is not only costly but also because the pores of the activated carbon are blocked by adsorption of the hydroquinone derivative. The amount of adsorption is not sufficient.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a noble metal-adsorbing activated carbon capable of efficiently adsorbing (or recovering) a noble metal with high productivity from a noble metal-containing liquid (particularly a dilute aqueous solution containing a noble metal) without complicated processes.
- An object is to provide a noble metal adsorption filter and a noble metal recovery method using activated carbon.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an activated carbon for precious metal adsorption capable of recovering precious metal from a precious metal-containing liquid in a state of a precious metal alone, a precious metal adsorption filter using the activated carbon, and a precious metal recovery method.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a precious metal-adsorbing activated carbon capable of efficiently adsorbing a precious metal from a precious metal-containing liquid even when the adsorption speed is high and a liquid passing filter, and a precious metal adsorption filter and a precious metal recovery method using the activated carbon. It is to provide.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a noble metal adsorption activated carbon capable of efficiently adsorbing palladium contained in a low concentration plating washing waste liquid, a noble metal adsorption filter using the activated carbon, and a noble metal recovery method.
- the present inventors have started research focusing on the chemical structure of the surface in addition to the pore structure of the activated carbon.
- the chemical structure of the surface has been studied focusing on the presence of functional groups on the surface, but the amount of functional groups on the activated carbon surface is measured by titration, so the effects of ash and residual acid by washing, etc.
- it is difficult to qualify and quantify functional groups due to various disturbance factors, it is difficult to qualify and quantify functional groups, and it has not yet been possible to find a correlation with noble metal adsorption.
- the functional group on the surface of the activated carbon contains oxygen
- the waveform separation analysis of O1s in the XPS spectrum was performed and the oxygen atom% was calculated, but the correlation with noble metal adsorption was not found. Therefore, the present inventors pay attention to the surface charge state due to the functional group, and use the zeta ( ⁇ ) potential in the sodium tetraborate aqueous solution, which is a weakly alkaline aqueous solution, as an index. We found that there is a correlation.
- activated carbon with a small difference between a zeta potential of 10 mmol / L and a zeta potential of 0.01 mmol / L of sodium tetraborate exhibits excellent noble metal adsorption ability.
- activated carbon with a small potential difference shows excellent adsorption ability is not clear, but can be estimated as follows. That is, if there are many dissociable functional groups on the surface of the activated carbon, the ability to electrostatically adsorb noble metal ions increases, and the reducing ability is inhibited. On the other hand, the surface of the activated carbon having the zeta potential difference is not electrostatically adsorbed because there are few functional groups dissociated and charged in an aqueous sodium tetraborate solution, and the noble metal is adsorbed in a reduced state. Can be estimated.
- the present inventors also found out that the pore structure is greatly influenced by the volume of pores of 1 nm or less, and by adjusting the range thereof, the combination with a specific surface chemical structure based on the zeta potential difference Thus, it was found that the adsorption ability of activated carbon can be improved.
- the activated carbon for precious metal adsorption of the present invention is activated carbon for adsorbing a precious metal from an aqueous solution containing a precious metal, and the zeta potential in a 10 mmol / L sodium tetraborate aqueous solution and 0.01 mmol / L of tetraboron.
- the difference (absolute value) from the zeta potential in the sodium acid aqueous solution is 18 mV or less, and the pore volume with a pore radius of 1 nm or less is 150 to 500 mm 3 / g.
- the activated carbon of the present invention may have a sugar liquid decolorization performance of 30% or more.
- the aqueous solution containing the noble metal may be a plating waste solution.
- the present invention also includes a precious metal adsorption filter containing 20% by mass or more of the activated carbon for precious metal adsorption.
- the filter of the present invention may be a liquid passing filter, and the sugar solution decolorization performance of activated carbon may be 30% or more.
- the present invention includes a method for recovering a noble metal from an aqueous solution containing the noble metal using the activated carbon for precious metal adsorption or the noble metal adsorption filter.
- the zeta potential difference and the pore volume in the sodium tetraborate aqueous solution in activated carbon are adjusted to a specific range, a complicated process is performed from a noble metal-containing liquid (particularly a dilute aqueous solution containing a noble metal).
- Noble metal can be efficiently adsorbed (or recovered) with high productivity.
- it is excellent in handling property, and the noble metal can be recovered from the noble metal-containing liquid in the state of the noble metal alone.
- activated carbon with many functional groups recovers metal oxides in a low yield, whereas reduced noble metals accumulate in a plated form on the surface of the activated carbon, or high yields in the state of noble metals alone. It can be recovered at a rate.
- the activated carbon of the present invention can efficiently adsorb palladium contained in a low concentration plating washing waste liquid.
- FIG. 1 is an XPS spectrum after palladium adsorption on the activated carbon of Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is an XPS spectrum after palladium adsorption on the activated carbon of Example 2.
- FIG. 3 is an XPS spectrum after palladium adsorption on the activated carbon of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is an XPS spectrum after palladium adsorption on the activated carbon of Comparative Example 4.
- the activated carbon for adsorbing noble metals of the present invention has a difference between the zeta potential in a 10 mmol / L sodium tetraborate aqueous solution and the zeta potential in a 0.01 mmol / L sodium tetraborate aqueous solution (absolutely) at room temperature (25 ° C.). Value) is 18 mV or less (for example, 0 to 18 mV).
- the zeta potential difference may be, for example, 15 mV or less (for example, 0.01 to 15 mV), for example, 12 mV or less (for example, 0.1 to 12 mV) in terms of noble metal adsorption.
- it may be 10 mV or less (for example, 0.1 to 10 mV), more preferably 5 mV or less (for example, 1 to 5 mV).
- the zeta potential difference (absolute value) may be, for example, about 3 to 15 mV, preferably about 5 to 12 mV, and more preferably about 8 to 11 mV, because it can adsorb noble metals with high selectivity to base metals. .
- the activated carbon for adsorbing noble metals of the present invention may have a zeta potential of about ⁇ 60 to 0 mV in a 10 mmol / L sodium tetraborate aqueous solution, for example, ⁇ 50 to ⁇ 5 mV, preferably ⁇ 45 to ⁇ It is about 10 mV, more preferably about ⁇ 40 to ⁇ 20 mV.
- zeta potential at this concentration is within this range, it is possible to efficiently adsorb noble metal contained in the plating waste liquid at a low concentration.
- the measuring method of zeta potential can be measured by the method as described in the Example mentioned later.
- the activated carbon of the present invention has a pore volume with a pore radius of 1 nm or less of 150 to 500 mm 3 / g, and if it is less than 150 mm 3 / g, the volume used for adsorption or reduction reaction is substantially reduced. On the other hand, when the amount is lower than 500 mm 3 / g, the bulk density is lowered and a sufficient amount of noble metal adsorption per unit volume cannot be obtained.
- the pore volume may be 200 to 450 mm 3 / g, preferably about 250 to 420 mm 3 / g, more preferably about 300 to 400 mm 3 / g (particularly 350 to 380 mm 3 / g). May be.
- the measuring method of the pore volume with a pore radius of 1 nm or less can be measured by the method as described in the Example mentioned later.
- the activated carbon of the present invention preferably has a higher decolorization performance of the sugar solution from the viewpoint of adsorption speed.
- the decolorization performance of the sugar solution may be 30% or more (for example, 30 to 100%), for example, 50% or more (for example, 50 to 99%), preferably 70% or more (for example, 70 to 98%), more preferably about 80 to 97% (especially 85 to 95%). If the sugar solution decolorization performance is within the above range, the adsorbed substances (noble metal ions, etc.) can be easily moved and diffused inside the activated carbon, and the adsorption speed of the noble metal can be increased. Is suitable. On the other hand, if it is less than 30%, it may take time to adsorb the noble metal.
- the activated carbon of the present invention can be selected from the range where the BET specific surface area calculated by the nitrogen adsorption method is about 100 to 5000 m 2 / g, for example, 300 to 4000 m 2 / g, preferably 500 to 3000 m 2 / g (for example, 1000 to 2500 m 2 / g), more preferably about 1500 to 2300 m 2 / g (particularly about 1800 to 2200 m 2 / g). If the specific surface area is too small, the amount of precious metal adsorbed decreases due to a decrease in volume used for adsorption or reduction reaction, and if it is too large, the adsorption capacity decreases due to a decrease in bulk density.
- the shape of the activated carbon of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be granular, fibrous, or indeterminate, but is usually granular or fibrous.
- the average primary particle size of the granular activated carbon may be, for example, about 1 ⁇ m to 5 mm (particularly 10 ⁇ m to 2 mm).
- the average fiber diameter of the fibrous activated carbon is, for example, 1 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably about 2 to 300 ⁇ m, and particularly about 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the activated carbon for precious metal adsorption of the present invention is produced by carbonizing a carbonaceous material and then activating the carbonized carbonaceous material.
- carbonaceous material for example, plant-type carbonaceous material (For example, wood shells, sawdust, charcoal, fruit shells, such as a coconut shell and a walnut shell, fruit seeds, pulp manufacture by-products, lignin, molasses etc.
- plant-type carbonaceous material For example, wood shells, sawdust, charcoal, fruit shells, such as a coconut shell and a walnut shell, fruit seeds, pulp manufacture by-products, lignin, molasses etc.
- Plant-derived materials for example, peat, lignite, lignite, turquoise, anthracite, coke, coal tar, coal pitch, petroleum distillation residue, petroleum-derived material such as petroleum pitch), Synthetic resin-based carbonaceous materials (for example, materials derived from synthetic resins such as phenolic resins, polyvinylidene chloride, acrylic resins), natural fiber-based carbonaceous materials (for example, natural fibers such as cellulose, natural fibers such as regenerated fibers such as rayon) Fiber-derived material). These carbonaceous materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these carbonaceous materials, plant-based carbonaceous materials such as coconut shells are preferable because pore volumes having a pore radius of 1 nm or less are easily developed.
- any of gas activation and chemical activation can be adopted, and gas activation and chemical activation may be combined.
- Examples of the gas used in the gas activation method include water vapor, carbon dioxide, oxygen, LPG combustion exhaust gas, or a mixed gas thereof.
- a steam-containing gas containing 10 to 50% by volume of steam is preferable.
- the activation temperature is, for example, about 700 to 1100 ° C., preferably about 800 to 1000 ° C.
- the activation time and the heating rate are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected depending on the type, shape, and size of the carbonaceous material to be selected.
- Examples of chemical activators used in chemical activation include chemicals having dehydration, oxidation, and erodibility, such as zinc chloride, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, potassium sulfide, sulfuric acid, and various alkalis. These chemical activators can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these chemical activators, zinc chloride and phosphoric acid are preferred from the viewpoint of easy development of pore volume having a pore radius of 1 nm or less. The concentration and use amount of these chemical activators can be appropriately selected according to the type of chemical activator used, the amount of raw materials, and the like.
- the carbonaceous raw material is mixed with about 30 to 95% by mass, preferably 60 to 80% by mass phosphoric acid, and the mixture is heated at 300 to 750 ° C. for 20 minutes to 10 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 5%. Activate by heating for about an hour.
- zinc chloride when used, when the zinc chloride concentration is about 40 to 70% by mass, for example, 0.4 to 5.0 times by mass, preferably 1.0 to 4.5 times by mass, more preferably 1 About 5 to 3.5 times the mass.
- the activation time is, for example, about 20 minutes to 10 hours, preferably about 30 minutes to 5 hours.
- the activation temperature is a temperature not higher than the boiling point of zinc chloride (732 ° C.). This temperature is usually about 450 to 730 ° C., preferably about 550 to 700 ° C.
- the activated carbon after activation may be further washed in order to remove ash and chemicals.
- the activated carbon after washing may be heat-treated in an inert gas atmosphere in order to remove impurities that could not be removed sufficiently by washing.
- the activated carbon adsorbing the noble metal can be burned and ashed, and contamination of the impurity can be prevented when extracting the noble metal from the obtained ash.
- activated carbon after activation may be pulverized, or may be cut if it is fibrous.
- a jaw crusher, a hammer mill, a pin mill, a roller mill, a rod mill, a ball mill, a jet mill or the like can be used according to the target particle size.
- the noble metal filter of this invention should just contain the said activated carbon, for example, the molded object of the mixture containing the said activated carbon and a binder may be sufficient as it.
- the ratio of activated carbon contained in the noble metal adsorption filter may be 20% by mass or more, for example, 20 to 97% by mass, preferably 30 to 95% by mass, and more preferably about 35 to 90% by mass.
- the proportion of activated carbon contained in the noble metal adsorption filter is too low, the amount of noble metal adsorption tends to decrease.
- the binder only needs to be able to fix the activated carbon to the molded body.
- the binder may be a binder for binding the activated carbon to form the molded body, or a binder for supporting the activated carbon on the base material constituting the filter. Also good.
- fibrillated fibers and / or thermoplastic binder particles are usually used.
- the fibrillated fiber may be a pulp-like fiber obtained by fibrillating a fiber that can be fibrillated using a high-pressure homogenizer, a high-speed disaggregator, or the like.
- the average fiber diameter of the fibrillated fibers is, for example, about 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m, preferably about 1 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the average fiber length of the fibrillated fiber is, for example, about 0.5 to 4 mm, preferably about 1 to 2 mm.
- Specific examples of the fibers forming the fibrillated fibers include acrylic fibers, polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers, cellulose fibers, polyamide fibers, and aramid fibers.
- acrylic fibers and cellulose fibers are preferable because they are easily fibrillated and have a high effect of restraining activated carbon.
- Bi-PUL which is a homo acrylic pulp manufactured by Nippon Exlan Co., Ltd., can be obtained.
- the thermoplastic binder particles may be formed of a thermoplastic polymer capable of fusing activated carbon.
- the thermoplastic polymer include polyolefin, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyester, polyamide, polyurethane and the like. These polymers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate and the like are widely used, and polyethylene is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of binding properties.
- the average particle diameter of the thermoplastic binder particles is, for example, about 0.1 to 200 ⁇ m, preferably about 1.0 to 50 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of excellent sheet strength and moldability.
- a conventional method can be used according to the kind of the binder.
- the noble metal adsorption filter is preferably molded by wet molding.
- a method for wet-molding a filter using fibrillated fibers for example, activated carbon and fibrillated fibers are mixed and then dispersed in water, whereby the solid concentration is 0.1 to 10% by mass (particularly 1 to 5% by mass). %))
- a drying step for removing water from the prepared slurry In the drying process, the slurry may be poured into a water-permeable box-shaped container formed of a stainless steel wire mesh, and the moisture may be cut off and dried.
- the prepared slurry may be filled into a mold cavity having a large number of through-holes to be decompressed, and moisture in the slurry may be sucked and removed from the through-holes.
- the method described in Japanese Patent No. 3516811 can be used as a method including the latter drying step of removing by suction.
- the ratio of the fibrillated fiber may be, for example, about 1 to 20 parts by mass, preferably about 3 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the activated carbon, from the viewpoint of excellent balance of water resistance and moldability. .
- the shape of the activated carbon may be fibrous.
- the noble metal adsorption filter is preferably dry-molded.
- a method for dry-molding a filter using thermoplastic binder particles for example, a mixing step of stirring and mixing activated carbon powder and thermoplastic binder particles at a desired ratio using a mixer such as a Henschel mixer, the obtained mixture Injection molding including a molding step in which a mold having a sheet-like cavity is filled, the mold is heated to a melting point or higher of the thermoplastic binder particles to melt or soften the binder particles, and then cooled and solidified.
- the ratio of the thermoplastic binder particles may be, for example, about 5 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably about 7 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the activated carbon from the viewpoint of excellent sheet strength and moldability.
- the precious metal can be recovered from the aqueous solution containing the precious metal by using the activated carbon for precious metal adsorption and the precious metal filter. That is, the noble metal can be recovered by bringing the aqueous solution containing the noble metal into contact with the activated carbon for precious metal adsorption and the precious metal filter, and desorbing the precious metal adsorbed on the activated carbon for precious metal adsorption and the precious metal filter.
- noble metal examples include gold, silver, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum. These noble metals may be contained alone or in combination of two or more in the aqueous solution. Of these noble metals, Group 9 metals such as palladium and platinum, particularly palladium is preferred.
- the content of the noble metal is not particularly limited, but an aqueous solution containing 1000 mg / L or less in terms of the mass of the noble metal is preferable because it can be efficiently adsorbed and recovered. When it exceeds 1000 mg / L, the pores are clogged with the rapidly adsorbing noble metal, and the saturated adsorption amount may be reduced or a large amount of activated carbon may be required.
- aqueous solution containing a noble metal can efficiently adsorb the noble metal to activated carbon even if it contains other metals, inorganic salts, or organic substances in addition to the noble metal. Because it can be separated into base metals such as nickel, copper, and tin, it exhibits an excellent function for selective recovery of precious metals.
- the aqueous solution containing the noble metal may contain, in addition to water, other solvents, for example, hydrophilic solvents such as alcohols such as ethanol and isopropanol, and ketones such as acetone.
- the pH of the aqueous solution containing the noble metal is not particularly limited, and the noble metal can be adsorbed and recovered in a wide range of liquidity from strong alkaline to weakly acidic. This is due to the fact that the activated carbon of the present invention has few surface functional groups that are easily affected by pH and adsorbs noble metals by a mechanism different from the adsorption mechanism by functional group adsorption like conventional activated carbon. Can be estimated.
- the aqueous solution containing a noble metal examples include a liquid waste such as a plating waste liquid and a cleaning liquid for an electronic component manufacturing process, and a recovery liquid obtained by converting a solid waste from a solid-supported noble metal catalyst.
- the precious metal can be recovered by combining a plurality of methods such as separation by precipitation by electrolysis, chemical reduction or chemical agglomeration before recovery with the activated carbon for precious metal adsorption or the precious metal adsorption filter of the present invention.
- a plating stock solution having a high precious metal concentration is separated by precipitation by electrolysis, chemical reduction or chemical aggregation, and the obtained low precious metal concentration filtrate is used for activated carbon for precious metal adsorption or a precious metal adsorption filter of the present invention.
- the precious metal can be efficiently recovered by collecting by.
- the activated carbon for precious metal adsorption or the precious metal adsorption filter of the present invention is also highly adsorbed with respect to the cleaning solution of the object to be plated after precious metal plating and the aqueous solution of low precious metal concentration that cannot be collected by the above-mentioned electrolysis, chemical reduction or chemical aggregation. Since the precious metal can be recovered with the collection ability, it can be preferably used.
- the activated carbon on which the noble metal is adsorbed is directly dissociated as a noble metal salt with an inorganic strong acid (such as aqua regia), and then hydrogen reduced or electrolytically reduced to form a single noble metal (metal
- the sample tube was filled with 0.1 g of sample, and pretreated at 300 ° C. under reduced pressure for 5 hours.
- the sample portion was subjected to nitrogen adsorption isotherm measurement at a liquid nitrogen temperature using Belsorb 28SA (manufactured by Nippon Bell Co., Ltd.).
- BEL analysis software Version 4.0.13
- the two points with the highest correlation coefficient are between a relative pressure of 0.01 or less and a relative pressure of 0.05 to 0.1.
- the specific surface area was determined by selecting more.
- the pore volume with a pore radius of 1 nm or less was calculated by the CI method of the software.
- the time (seconds) when moving a distance of 60.3 ⁇ m was measured for 5 to 10 particles.
- the average value (S) of the measured time was determined according to the following formula. The distance between the electrodes necessary for the calculation is 8.53 cm.
- [Sugar liquid decolorization performance] Collect 350 g of tri-sugar (Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd.), add 300 ml of ion-exchanged water, and dissolve by stirring at 70 ° C. or lower. After cooling, the pH is adjusted to 7 ⁇ 0.1 with NaOH or HCl. On the other hand, 300 g of granulated sugar (manufactured by Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd.) is collected, 300 ml of ion-exchanged water is added, and stirred and dissolved at 70 ° C. or lower. After cooling, the pH is adjusted to 7 ⁇ 0.1 with NaOH or HCl. A sugar solution in which the absorbance at a wavelength of 420 nm is adjusted to the range of 0.75 to 0.78 using the two types of sugar solutions is used as a stock solution for measuring the sugar solution decolorization performance.
- Pd 335.3 eV ( ⁇ 0.2)
- PdO 336.3 eV ( ⁇ 0.2)
- halides 337.1 eV ( ⁇ 0.7)
- PdO 2 338.0 ( ⁇ 0.3).
- a palladium aqueous solution containing 26 mg / L of palladium was used as a standard solution.
- the residual palladium concentration was determined by adding 50 ⁇ l of nitric acid for measurement of harmful metals (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) to 20 ml of filtrate and ICP emission spectrophotometer (“Optical Emission Spectrometer Optima 4300 DV” manufactured by Perkin Elmer Co., Ltd.). Was used to measure. Similarly, the palladium concentration of a standard solution without activated carbon (blank) was measured, and the amount of palladium adsorbed per 1 g of activated carbon was determined by the following equation from the difference in residual concentration.
- Palladium adsorption amount (mg / g) (C1-C2) ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ W ⁇ 1000000 (In the formula, C1: blank palladium concentration (mg / L), C2: residual palladium concentration (mg / L) in the filtrate after activated carbon adsorption, W: activated carbon weight (g)).
- Pd—Sn aqueous solution (Pd—Sn catalyst simulated waste liquid) containing 20 mg / L of palladium and 1000 mg / L of tin was used as a standard solution.
- the activated carbon was pulverized by a sample mill so that the particle size distribution based on JIS K1474 was 90% or higher at 330 Mesh, dried at 115 ° C. for 3 hours, and then cooled to room temperature in a desiccator to prepare a sample.
- a gold cyan waste solution in which gold was peeled and dissolved from a waste electronic component containing gold using a release solution containing cyan ion, and an aqua regia waste solution containing platinum, gold, and palladium were used.
- the liquid compositions are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- a precious metal filter is set in a resin column having an inner diameter of 46 mm, a height of 75 mm, and an internal volume of 125 ml, and a liquid feed pump (Cole-Parmer Instrument Company “Master FLEX L / S”) is used, and 100 ml of the standard solution is used. At a flow rate of / min, liquid was passed through the filter from the outer shape side to the inner diameter side, and the change over time in the filtrate palladium concentration after filtration was measured.
- a liquid feed pump Cold-Parmer Instrument Company “Master FLEX L / S”
- the filtrate palladium concentration was determined by adding 50 ⁇ l of nitric acid for measurement of harmful metals (made by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) to 20 ml of the filtrate and ICP emission spectrophotometer (“Optical Emission Spectrometer Optima 4300 DV” made by Perkin Elmer Co., Ltd.). Was used to measure.
- the breakthrough point of the filter was the time when the palladium concentration was measured 20% or more with respect to the standard solution concentration (when the palladium collection rate reached 80%).
- Pd—Sn aqueous solution Pd—Sn catalyst simulated waste liquid containing 20 mg / L of palladium and 1000 mg / L of tin was used as a standard solution.
- a precious metal filter is mounted on a housing with an inner diameter of 46 mm, a height of 75 mm, and an internal volume of 125 ml.
- a liquid feed pump Cold-Parmer Instrument Company “Master FLEX L / S”
- Speed that is, SV of 100 (1 / hr), 178 (1 / hr), and 300 (1 / hr) at a flow rate of 100 ml / min.
- SV Speed
- the concentration of palladium and tin in the filtrate was determined by adding 50 ⁇ l of nitric acid for measuring harmful metals (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) to 20 ml of the filtrate, and “Optical Emission Spectrometer Optima 4300 DV manufactured by Perkin Elmer Co., Ltd.”. )).
- the breakthrough point of the filter was the time when the concentration of palladium was measured 20% or more with respect to the standard solution concentration.
- Example 1 100 g of coconut shell charcoal having an alkaline earth metal content of 4 g / kg was activated at 920 ° C.
- the gas composition at the time of activation is 10% for CO 2 partial pressure, 30% for H 2 O partial pressure, and the other gas is N 2 .
- the activation time was 20 minutes.
- the obtained activated carbon was washed with a 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, washed with water, and then dried.
- the obtained dried product was heat-treated at 700 ° C. for 30 minutes in a fluidized furnace.
- the gas at the time of heat processing was implemented with the LNG combustion gas.
- the amount of palladium adsorbed is higher than that of tin, and palladium is selectively adsorbed over tin.
- Table 2 shows the gold recovery rate of the obtained activated carbon from the gold cyanide waste solution
- Table 3 shows the precious metal recovery rate from the aqua regia waste solution. As is clear from the results in Tables 2 and 3, the precious metal can be recovered from any waste liquid with a high recovery rate exceeding 99.5%.
- Example 2 (activated carbon No. 2) After adding 100 mL of a 4000 g / L aqueous zinc chloride solution to 100 g of sawdust, the temperature was raised to 700 ° C. at a rate of 5 ° C./min, kept at 700 ° C. for 1 hour, and then cooled. The obtained activated carbon was washed by boiling with 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid and washed with water. Table 1 shows various physical properties, Pd adsorption amount and Pd—Sn adsorption amount of the obtained activated carbon.
- the palladium adsorption capacity is high.
- suction is shown in FIG. It can be seen that there is a strong peak at 335 eV attributed to metallic palladium. That is, activated carbon No.
- the palladium adsorbed on 2 is in the form of reduced palladium metal.
- Example 3 100 g of coconut shell charcoal having an alkaline earth metal content of 1 g / kg was activated under the same conditions as in Example 1. The activation time was 3 hours. The obtained activated carbon was washed with 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid, washed with water, dried, and subjected to the same heat treatment as in Example 1. Table 1 shows various physical properties and palladium adsorption amount of the obtained activated carbon. Although the zeta potential difference is slightly high at 13.5 mV, the palladium adsorption capacity is high because the pore volume with a pore radius of 1 nm or less is as extremely high as 443.9 mm 3 / g.
- Example 4 (activated carbon No. 4) 100 g of sawdust was impregnated with a 75% phosphoric acid aqueous solution so that the phosphoric acid was 150 g, and heat treatment was performed at a temperature of 550 ° C. During the heat treatment, air was flowed at a rate of 3 L / min. After the heat treatment, the obtained fired product was washed with boiling water. Table 1 shows various physical properties and palladium adsorption amount of the obtained activated carbon. Since the zeta potential difference is as low as 10.4 mV and the pore volume with a pore radius of 1 nm or less is as extremely high as 403.7 mm 3 / g, the palladium adsorption capacity is high.
- Example 5 (activated carbon No. 5) 100 g of sawdust was impregnated with a 75% concentration phosphoric acid aqueous solution so that phosphoric acid was 100 g, and heat treatment was performed at a temperature of 550 ° C. During the heat treatment, air was flowed at a rate of 3 L / min. After the heat treatment, the obtained fired product was washed with boiling water. Table 1 shows various physical properties and palladium adsorption amount of the obtained activated carbon. Since the zeta potential difference is 12.7 mV and the pore volume with a pore radius of 1 nm or less is relatively high at 294.3 mm 3 / g, the palladium adsorption capacity is high.
- Example 6 (activated carbon No. 6)
- the phenol resin fiber was oxidized at 300 ° C. for 1 hour, and the oxidized product was subjected to dry distillation at 700 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the obtained phenol resin fiber subjected to dry distillation treatment was treated in an LPG combustion gas atmosphere at an activation temperature of 950 ° C. for 5 hours.
- Table 1 shows various physical properties and palladium adsorption amount of the obtained activated carbon. Although the zeta potential difference is slightly high at 14.9 mV, the palladium adsorption capacity is high because the pore volume with a pore radius of 1 nm or less is 200 mm 3 / g.
- Comparative Example 1 (activated carbon No. 7) Table 1 shows various physical properties, palladium adsorption amount and Pd—Sn adsorption amount of commercially available activated carbon (“GW-H” manufactured by Kuraray Chemical Co., Ltd.). Since the zeta potential difference is as high as 21.5 mV and the pore volume with a pore radius of 1 nm or less is as extremely low as 66 mm 3 / g, the palladium adsorption capacity is low.
- FIG. 3 shows XPS data for activated carbon after palladium adsorption. It can be seen that there is a strong peak at 337 to 338 eV attributed to palladium oxide. That is, activated carbon No.
- palladium adsorbed on 10 is not reduced and is adsorbed in the form of palladium oxide.
- tin is not adsorbed, but the amount of palladium adsorbed is also low.
- Comparative Example 2 (activated carbon No. 8)
- Table 1 shows various physical properties, palladium adsorption amount, and Pd—Sn adsorption amount of commercially available activated carbon (“KW” manufactured by Kuraray Chemical Co., Ltd.). Since the zeta potential difference is as high as 19.3 mV and the pore volume with a pore radius of 1 nm or less is as extremely low as 89.4 mm 3 / g, the palladium adsorption capacity is low. In the Pd—Sn adsorption test, the palladium adsorption amount is low and tin is adsorbed.
- Comparative Example 3 (activated carbon No. 9) Activation was performed for 30 minutes under the same conditions as in Example 1 using raw ash obtained by dry distillation of sawdust.
- the obtained activated carbon was washed with 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid, washed with water and dried.
- Table 1 shows various physical properties and palladium adsorption amount of the obtained activated carbon.
- the zeta potential difference is as low as 17.5 mV, but the palladium adsorption capacity is low because the pore volume with a pore radius of 1 nm or less is as low as 117.9 mm 3 / g.
- Comparative Example 4 (activated carbon No. 10) Table 1 shows various physical properties, palladium adsorption amount and Pd—Sn adsorption amount of commercially available activated carbon (Kuraray Chemical Co., Ltd. “GW”). Since the zeta potential difference is as extremely high as 55.6 mV and the pore volume with a pore radius of 1 nm or less is as extremely low as 35 mm 3 / g, the palladium adsorption capacity is low.
- FIG. 4 shows XPS data for activated carbon after palladium adsorption. It can be seen that there is a strong peak at 337 to 338 eV attributed to palladium oxide. That is, activated carbon No.
- palladium adsorbed on 10 is not reduced and is adsorbed in the form of palladium oxide.
- tin is not adsorbed, but the amount of palladium adsorbed is also low.
- Comparative Example 5 (activated carbon No. 11)
- the phenol resin fiber was oxidized at 300 ° C. for 1 hour, and the oxidized product was subjected to dry distillation at 700 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the obtained carbonized phenol resin fiber was treated in an LPG combustion gas atmosphere at an activation temperature of 950 ° C. for 3 hours.
- Table 1 shows various physical properties and palladium adsorption amount of the obtained activated carbon. Since the zeta potential difference is as high as 20.0 mV and the pore volume with a pore radius of 1 nm or less is as extremely low as 45.7 mm 3 / g, the palladium adsorption capacity is low.
- Example 7 (noble metal adsorption filter A) A 100L small beater (beater) is used for 100L of tap water. 6 kg of fibrous activated carbon was added in dry weight, and then fibrillated acrylic pulp (“Bi-PUL / F” manufactured by Nippon Exlan Kogyo Co., Ltd.) as a binder was added in an amount equivalent to 0.075 kg in dry weight. Then, the fibrous activated carbon and the binder are dispersed and mixed, and the gap between the fixed teeth and the rotating teeth of the beater is narrowed to subdivide the fibrous activated carbon. When the fiber length of the fibrous activated carbon is shortened, the weight per unit volume increases because the filling property is improved when the fiber is formed into a fixed shape.
- fibrillated acrylic pulp (“Bi-PUL / F” manufactured by Nippon Exlan Kogyo Co., Ltd.) as a binder was added in an amount equivalent to 0.075 kg in dry weight. Then, the fibrous activated carbon and
- This weight per unit volume was called the beating density, and was used as a measure of the shortness of the fibrous activated carbon.
- a double tubular molding die provided with a large number of small holes for suction described in Japanese Patent No. 3516811, 300 mm on the center axis of a small hole diameter for suction of 3 mm ⁇ and a pitch of 5 mm.
- a metal wire mesh was wound, a metal mold having an inner shaft diameter of 18 mm ⁇ , an outer diameter of 40 mm ⁇ , and an outer diameter of 50 mm was prepared, and a slurry was sucked from the center portion to produce a cylindrical molded body.
- a slurry having a beating density of 0.18 g / ml was obtained from the size and weight of the dried product of the molded body, and the slurry having the beating density was used as a standard slurry.
- activated carbon No. 1 was pulverized so that D50 measured by a wet particle size analyzer (“Microtrac MT3000” manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.) was about 40 ⁇ m. 0.09 kg of 1 and 0.0045 kg of fibrillated acrylic pulp (Bi-PUL / F) in terms of dry weight were added, and tap water was further added to make the amount of slurry 20 L.
- a wet particle size analyzer (“Microtrac MT3000” manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.) was about 40 ⁇ m.
- 0.09 kg of 1 and 0.0045 kg of fibrillated acrylic pulp (Bi-PUL / F) in terms of dry weight were added, and tap water was further added to make the amount of slurry 20 L.
- a non-woven fabric (“9540F” manufactured by Shinwa Co., Ltd.) processed into a cylindrical shape is attached to the mold center shaft with the same shape as the beating density measurement mold, outer diameter 35mm ⁇ , center shaft diameter 10mm ⁇ , outer diameter ⁇ spacing 145mm, and suction molding After drying, it was cut to produce a molded body having an outer diameter of 35 mm ⁇ , an inner diameter of 10 mm ⁇ and a height of 71.5 mm.
- a spunbonded nonwoven fabric (“T0703WDO” manufactured by Unitika Ltd.) was wrapped around the outer periphery of this molded body in a single layer to obtain a Pd standard solution flow test filter. At this time, the weight of the molded body was 13.35 g.
- the breakthrough point of the filter was 23 L.
- a molded product having an outer diameter of 20 mm ⁇ , an inner diameter of 10 mm ⁇ , and a height of 71.5 mm was produced in the same manner as the method for producing the Pd standard solution flow test, and used as a Pd-Sn standard solution test filter. .
- the weight of the molded body used in each test is shown in Table 4.
- Example 8 (noble metal adsorption filter B) For a standard slurry 14L similar to that in Example 7, activated carbon No. 40 having a D50 of about 40 ⁇ m. 0.09 kg of 2 and 0.0045 kg of fibrillated acrylic pulp (Bi-PUL / F) in terms of dry weight were added, and tap water was further added to make the amount of slurry 20 L. Suction molding and nonwoven fabric processing were carried out in the same manner as in Example 7 to obtain a Pd standard solution flow test filter. At this time, the weight of the molded body was 12.50 g. Using the obtained evaluation sample (filter) and conducting a Pd standard solution flow test, the breakthrough point of the filter was 15 L.
- activated carbon No. 40 having a D50 of about 40 ⁇ m. 0.09 kg of 2 and 0.0045 kg of fibrillated acrylic pulp (Bi-PUL / F) in terms of dry weight were added, and tap water was further added to make the amount of slurry 20 L.
- a molded product having an outer diameter of 20 mm ⁇ , an inner diameter of 10 mm ⁇ , and a height of 71.5 mm was produced in the same manner as the method for producing the Pd standard solution flow test, and used as a Pd-Sn standard solution test filter. .
- the weight of the molded body used in each test is shown in Table 4.
- the weight and breakthrough point of the filter were high at each space velocity.
- Reference example 1 (noble metal adsorption filter C) Using only the same standard slurry 20L as in Example 7, suction molding and nonwoven fabric processing were performed in the same manner as in Example 7 to obtain a Pd standard solution flow test filter. At this time, the molded body weight was 11.20 g. Using the obtained evaluation sample (filter) and conducting a Pd standard solution flow test, the breakthrough point of the filter was 1 L.
- a molded product having an outer diameter of 20 mm ⁇ , an inner diameter of 10 mm ⁇ , and a height of 71.5 mm was produced in the same manner as the method for producing the Pd standard solution flow test, and used as a Pd-Sn standard solution test filter. .
- the weight of the molded body used in each test is shown in Table 4.
- the obtained sample for evaluation (filter) was used to conduct a Pd—Sn standard solution flow test.
- the weight and breakthrough point of the filter were low.
- Comparative Example 6 (noble metal adsorption filter D) Activated charcoal No. crushed to a standard slurry 14L similar to Example 7 with a D50 of about 40 ⁇ m. 7 was added in 0.09 kg, and Bi-PUL / F was added in 0.0045 kg in terms of dry weight, and tap water was further added to make the amount of slurry 20 L. Suction molding and nonwoven fabric processing were carried out in the same manner as in Example 7 to obtain a Pd standard solution flow test filter. At this time, the molded body weight was 14.09 g. The obtained sample for evaluation (filter) was used to conduct a Pd standard solution flow test. As a result, the breakthrough point of the filter was 2.5 L.
- a molded product having an outer diameter of 20 mm ⁇ , an inner diameter of 10 mm ⁇ , and a height of 71.5 mm was produced in the same manner as the method for producing the Pd standard solution flow test, and used as a Pd-Sn standard solution test filter. .
- the weight of the molded body used in each test is shown in Table 4.
- a Pd—Sn standard solution flow test was performed. As a result, the weight of the filter was large and the breakthrough point was low at each space velocity.
- the SV was 178 (1 / hr) and 300 (1 / hr
- Activated carbon No. 7 has not only a high zeta potential difference of 21.5 mV but also a low sugar solution decolorization performance of 26.3%, so the filter performance is low.
- Comparative Example 7 (noble metal adsorption filter E) Activated charcoal No. crushed to a standard slurry 14L similar to Example 7 with a D50 of about 40 ⁇ m. 0.09 kg of 10 and 0.0045 kg of fibrillated acrylic pulp (Bi-PUL / F) in terms of dry weight were added, and tap water was further added to make the amount of slurry 20 L. Suction molding and nonwoven fabric processing were carried out in the same manner as in Example 7 to obtain a Pd standard solution flow test filter. At this time, the weight of the molded body was 14.07 g. Using the obtained evaluation sample (filter) and conducting a Pd standard solution flow test, the breakthrough point of the filter was 2 L.
- a molded product having an outer diameter of 20 mm ⁇ , an inner diameter of 10 mm ⁇ , and a height of 71.5 mm was produced in the same manner as the method for producing the Pd standard solution flow test, and used as a Pd-Sn standard solution test filter. .
- the weight of the molded body used in each test is shown in Table 4.
- a Pd—Sn standard solution flow test was performed. As a result, the weight of the filter was large and the breakthrough point was low at each space velocity.
- the SV was 178 (1 / hr) and 300 (1 / hr
- Activated carbon No. No. 10 not only has a very high zeta potential of 55.6 mV, but also has a low filter performance because the sugar solution decolorization performance is as low as 16.6%.
- Table 4 shows the results of the fluid permeation tests of the filters obtained in Examples 7 to 8, Reference Example 1 and Comparative Examples 6 to 7.
- the activated carbon of the present invention is used for recovering noble metal from an aqueous solution containing the noble metal, and is particularly useful for recovering noble metal from a plating waste solution containing the noble metal at a low concentration.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の貴金属吸着用活性炭は、常温(25℃)において、10mmol/Lの四ホウ酸ナトリウム水溶液中のゼータ電位と0.01mmol/Lの四ホウ酸ナトリウム水溶液中のゼータ電位との差(絶対値)が18mV以下(例えば、0~18mV)である。ゼータ電位の差が18mVを超えると、四ホウ酸ナトリウム水溶液中で解離可能な官能基が多く存在するため、貴金属イオンを静電的に吸着する能力が高まり還元能力を阻害する。さらに、貴金属イオンが酸化物の状態で吸着され易い上に、貴金属イオンの吸着が官能基の量に依存するため、高い収率で貴金属イオンを吸着できない。すなわち、このような活性炭の吸着能は、官能基量や種類、pHに依存するため、貴金属を含有する水溶液の状態で性能が変動し、取り扱いが困難である。
本発明の貴金属吸着用活性炭は、炭素質材料を炭化した後、炭化された炭素質材料を賦活することによって製造される。
本発明の貴金属フィルターは、前記活性炭を含んでいればよく、例えば、前記活性炭とバインダとを含む混合物の成形体であってもよい。
本発明では、前記貴金属吸着用活性炭及び貴金属フィルターを用いて、貴金属を含有する水溶液から貴金属を回収できる。すなわち、貴金属吸着用活性炭及び貴金属フィルターに貴金属を含有する水溶液を接触させ、貴金属吸着用活性炭及び貴金属フィルターに吸着した貴金属を脱着させることにより貴金属を回収できる。
サンプル管に試料を0.1g充填し、300℃で5時間減圧下で前処理を行った。サンプル部を液体窒素温度にて、Belsorp28SA(日本ベル(株)製)を用いて窒素吸着等温線測定を行った。得られた吸着等温線をBEL解析ソフトウェア(Version4.0.13)用いて、最も相関係数が高くなる2点を、相対圧0.01以下と、相対圧0.05~0.1の間より選択し、比表面積を求めた。また、細孔半径1nm以下の細孔容積は前記ソフトウエアのCI法により算出した。
四ホウ酸ナトリウム濃度が10mmol/L及び0.01mmol/Lの水溶液100mLに対して、活性炭粉末(中心粒子径6~7μm)を20mg添加し、分散液を調整した。この分散液をゼータ電位測定装置(RANK BROTHERS社製「MARKII」)を使用し、ゼータ電位を算出するための25℃における粒子移動速度を測定した。粒子移動速度の測定は、所定のセルに分散液を導入しセル測定部中の分散液中の粒子を顕微鏡により観察し、20V電圧下における粒子移動速度を測定した。粒子移動速度は5~10粒子について、60.3μmの距離を移動する時の時間(秒)を測定した。測定した時間の平均値(S)を用いて、下記式に従ってゼータ電位を求めた。算出に必要な電極間距離は8.53cmである。
粒子泳動速度L(μm/sec)=60.3/S
移動度(Mobility)(μm・cm/sec・V)=L/A)
ゼータ電位(mV)=-12.83×移動度。
三温糖(三井製糖(株)製)350gを採取しイオン交換水を300ml加えて、70℃以下で攪拌溶解させる。冷却後、NaOH又はHClによりpHを7±0.1に調整する。一方で、グラニュー糖(三井製糖(株)製)300gを採取しイオン交換水を300ml加えて、70℃以下で攪拌溶解させる。冷却後、NaOH又はHClによりpHを7±0.1に調整する。前記2種類の糖液を用いて、波長420nmにおける吸光度を0.75~0.78の範囲に調整した糖液を糖液脱色性能測定用原液とする。
(Aブランク-Aサンプル)/Aブランク=糖液脱色性能(%)
(式中、Aブランクは、活性炭を入れていないときのAであり、Aサンプルは、活性炭を入れたときのAである)。
パラジウム吸着前の活性炭をX線光電子分光分析装置(アルバック・ファイ(株)製「PHI Quantera SXM」)で、X線励起条件:100μm-25W-15kV,対陰極:Al、測定範囲:1000μm×1000μm、圧力:6x10-7Paの測定条件で測定し、O1sの波形分離解析し、酸素原子%を算出した。
パラジウムを吸着させた活性炭をX線光電子分光分析装置(アルバック・ファイ(株)製「PHI Quantera SXM」)でパラジウムの結合状態を、X線励起条件:100μm-25W-15kV,対陰極:Al、測定範囲:1000μm×1000μm、圧力:6x10-7Paの測定条件で測定し、Pd3dのスペクトルから各種活性炭の結合状態を解析した。Pd3d5/2の結合種の帰属を示す(XPSハンドブック参考)。
PdO:336.3eV(±0.2)
halides:337.1eV(±0.7)
PdO2:338.0(±0.3)。
各種活性炭を、JIS K1474に基づく粒度分布で、330Mesh以下が90%以上になるようサンプルミルで粉砕し、115℃で3時間乾燥後、デシケーター中で室温まで冷却し試料とした。
(式中、C1:ブランクパラジウム濃度(mg/L)、C2:活性炭吸着後濾液の残留パラジウム濃度(mg/L)、W:活性炭重量(g)である)。
Pd吸着試験と同様にして活性炭試料を調製した。
活性炭を、JIS K1474に基づく粒度分布で、330Mesh以下が90%以上になるようサンプルミルで粉砕し、115℃で3時間乾燥後、デシケーター中で室温まで冷却し試料とした。
パラジウムを26mg/L含有するパラジウム水溶液を標準液として使用した。
パラジウムを20mg/L、スズを1000mg/L含有するPd-Sn水溶液(Pd-Sn触媒模擬廃液)を標準液として使用した。
アルカリ土類金属が4g/kgのヤシ殻炭100gを賦活温度920℃賦活した。賦活時のガス組成はCO2分圧が10%、H2O分圧が30%で、その他ガスはN2である。賦活時間は20分で実施した。得られた活性炭を1mol/Lの塩酸水溶液で洗浄し水洗した後、乾燥。得られた乾燥品を流動炉にて700℃で30分熱処理した。熱処理時のガスは、LNG燃焼ガスにより実施した。得られた活性炭の各種物性、パラジウム吸着量及びPd-Sn吸着量を表1に示す。ゼータ電位差が3.1mVと極めて低く、細孔半径1nm以下の細孔容積が368.3mm3/gと高いため、パラジウム吸着能力が非常に高い。また、図1にパラジウム吸着後の活性炭におけるXPSスペクトルを示す。金属パラジウムに帰属する335eVに強いピークがあることがわかる。すなわち、活性炭No.1に吸着されたパラジウムは、還元されたパラジウム金属の形態である。また、Pd-Sn吸着試験では、スズと比較してパラジウムの吸着量が高く、スズよりもパラジウムを選択的に吸着している。さらに、得られた活性炭の金シアン廃液からの金回収率を表2に示し、王水廃液からの貴金属回収率を表3に示す。表2及び3の結果から明らかなように、いずれの廃液からも99.5%を超える高い回収率で貴金属を回収できる。
4000g/L濃度の塩化亜鉛水溶液をオガ屑100gに対して、100mL添着させた後、速度5℃/分で700℃まで昇温し、700℃で1時間保持後冷却した。得られた活性炭を1mol/Lの塩酸で煮沸洗浄を行い、水洗した。得られた活性炭の各種物性、Pd吸着量及びPd-Sn吸着量を表1に示す。ゼータ電位差が9.7mVと極めて低く、細孔半径1nm以下の細孔容積が317.4mm3/gと高いため、パラジウム吸着能力が高い。また、図2にPd吸着後の活性炭におけるXPSスペクトルを示す。金属パラジウムに帰属する335eVに強いピークがあることがわかる。すなわち、活性炭No.2に吸着されたパラジウムは、還元されたパラジウム金属の形態である。また、Pd-Sn吸着試験では、スズを吸着せずに、パラジウムのみを吸着しており、スズと比較してパラジウムの吸着量が極めて高く、スズよりもパラジウムを選択的に吸着している。
アルカリ土類金属が1g/kgのヤシ殻炭100gを実施例1同じ条件で賦活を行った。賦活時間は3時間で実施した。得られた活性炭を1mol/Lの塩酸で洗浄し水洗した後、乾燥し、実施例1と同様の熱処理をした。得られた活性炭の各種物性及びパラジウム吸着量を表1に示す。ゼータ電位差が13.5mVとやや高いが、細孔半径1nm以下の細孔容積が443.9mm3/gと極めて高いため、パラジウム吸着能力が高い。
オガ屑100gに対して、75%濃度のリン酸水溶液をリン酸が150gになるように含浸させ、550℃の温度で熱処理を行った。熱処理時には空気を3L/分の割合で流した。熱処理後、得られた焼成品を煮沸水洗にて洗浄した。得られた活性炭の各種物性及びパラジウム吸着量を表1に示す。ゼータ電位差は10.4mVと低く、細孔半径1nm以下の細孔容積が403.7mm3/gと極めて高いため、パラジウム吸着能力が高い。
オガ屑100gに対して、75%濃度のリン酸水溶液をリン酸が100gになるように含浸させ、550℃の温度で熱処理を行った。熱処理時には空気を3L/分の割合で流した。熱処理後、得られた焼成品を煮沸水洗にて洗浄した。得られた活性炭の各種物性及びパラジウム吸着量を表1に示す。ゼータ電位差が12.7mVであり、細孔半径1nm以下の細孔容積が294.3mm3/gと比較的高いため、パラジウム吸着能力が高い。
フェノール樹脂繊維を300℃で1時間の酸化処理を行い、その酸化処理品を700℃で乾留処理を1時間行った。得られた乾留処理したフェノール樹脂繊維を賦活温度950℃にてLPG燃焼ガス雰囲気で5時間処理した。得られた活性炭の各種物性及びパラジウム吸着量を表1に示す。ゼータ電位差が14.9mVとやや高いが、細孔半径1nm以下の細孔容積が200mm3/gであるため、パラジウム吸着能力が高い。
市販の活性炭(クラレケミカル(株)製「GW-H」)の各種物性、パラジウム吸着量及びPd-Sn吸着量を表1に示す。ゼータ電位差が21.5mVと高く、細孔半径1nm以下の細孔容積が66mm3/gと極めて低いため、パラジウム吸着能力が低い。また、図3にパラジウム吸着後の活性炭におけるXPSデータを示す。酸化パラジウムに帰属する337~338eVに強いピークがあることがわかる。すなわち、活性炭No.10に吸着されたパラジウムは、還元されず、酸化パラジウムの形態で吸着されていることがわかる。また、Pd-Sn吸着試験では、スズは吸着していないが、パラジウムの吸着量も低い。
市販の活性炭(クラレケミカル(株)製「KW」)の各種物性、パラジウム吸着量及びPd-Sn吸着量を表1に示す。ゼータ電位差が19.3mVと高く、細孔半径1nm以下の細孔容積が89.4mm3/gと極めて低いため、パラジウム吸着能力が低い。また、Pd-Sn吸着試験では、パラジウム吸着量が低い上に、スズが吸着している。
オガ屑を乾留して得られる素灰を原料として、実施例1と同条件にて賦活30分行った。得られた活性炭を1mol/Lの塩酸で洗浄し水洗を行い乾燥した。得られた活性炭の各種物性及びパラジウム吸着量を表1に示す。ゼータ電位差が17.5mVと低いが、細孔半径1nm以下の細孔容積が117.9mm3/gと低いため、パラジウム吸着能力が低い。
市販の活性炭(クラレケミカル(株)「GW」)の各種物性、パラジウム吸着量及びPd-Sn吸着量を表1に示す。ゼータ電位差が55.6mVと極めて高く、細孔半径1nm以下の細孔容積が35mm3/gと極めて低いため、パラジウム吸着能力が低い。また、図4にパラジウム吸着後の活性炭におけるXPSデータを示す。酸化パラジウムに帰属する337~338eVに強いピークがあることがわかる。すなわち、活性炭No.10に吸着されたパラジウムは、還元されず、酸化パラジウムの形態で吸着されていることがわかる。また、Pd-Sn吸着試験では、スズは吸着していないが、パラジウムの吸着量も低い。
フェノール樹脂繊維を300℃で1時間の酸化処理を行い、その酸化処理品を700℃で乾留処理を1時間行った。得られた乾留処理したフェノール樹脂繊維を賦活温度950℃にてLPG燃焼ガス雰囲気で3時間処理した。得られた活性炭の各種物性及びパラジウム吸着量を表1に示す。ゼータ電位差が20.0mVと高く、細孔半径1nm以下の細孔容積が45.7mm3/gと極めて低いためパラジウム吸着能力が低い。
100Lの小型ビーター(叩解機)に水道水100Lに対し、No.6の繊維状活性炭を、乾燥重量で1.5kg投入し、次いでバインダとしてフィブリル化アクリルパルプ(日本エクスラン工業(株)製「Bi-PUL/F」)を乾燥重量で0.075kg相当分を投入し、繊維状活性炭とバインダの分散混合及びビーターの固定歯と回転歯の隙間を狭めて、繊維状活性炭を細分化する。繊維状活性炭の繊維長が短くなると、一定形の形状に成形したとき、充填性が向上するため、単位容積当りの重量が増加する。この単位容積当りの重量を叩解密度と称し、繊維状活性炭の短さの尺度とした。叩解密度を測定するための成形体として、特許第3516811号公報に記載されている多数の吸引用小孔を設けた二重管状の成形型で、吸引用小孔径3mmφ、ピッチ5mmの中軸に300メッシュの金網を巻きつけ、中軸径18mmφ、外径40mmφ、外径鍔間隔50mmの金型を用意し、中心部からスラリーを吸引することによって円筒型の成形体を作製した。成形体の乾燥品の寸法、重量から叩解密度0.18g/mlのスラリーを得、この叩解密度のスラリーを標準スラリーとした。
実施例7と同様の標準スラリー14Lに対し、D50が約40μmの活性炭No.2を0.09kg及びフィブリル化アクリルパルプ(Bi-PUL/F)を乾燥重量換算で0.0045kgを投入し、更に水道水を追加して、スラリー量を20Lとした。実施例7と同様に吸引成形、不織布加工を実施し、Pd標準液の通液試験用フィルターとした。このとき、成形体の重量は、12.50gであった。得られた評価用サンプル(フィルター)を使用し、Pd標準液の通液試験を実施した結果、前記フィルターの破過点は15Lであった。
実施例7と同様の標準スラリー20Lのみを使用し、実施例7と同様に吸引成形、不織布加工を実施し、Pd標準液の通液試験用フィルターとした。この時、成形体重量は、11.20gであった。得られた評価用サンプル(フィルター)を使用し、Pd標準液の通液試験を実施した結果、前記フィルターの破過点は1Lであった。
実施例7と同様の標準スラリー14Lに対し、D50が約40μmとなるように粉砕した活性炭No.7を0.09kg、及びBi-PUL/Fを乾燥重量換算で0.0045kgを投入し、更に水道水を追加して、スラリー量を20Lとした。実施例7と同様に吸引成形、不織布加工を実施し、Pd標準液の通液試験用フィルターとした。この時、成形体重量は、14.09gであった。得られた評価用サンプル(フィルター)を使用し、Pd標準液の通液試験を実施した結果、前記フィルターの破過点は2.5Lであった。
実施例7と同様の標準スラリー14Lに対し、D50が約40μmとなるように粉砕した活性炭No.10を0.09kg及びフィブリル化アクリルパルプ(Bi-PUL/F)を乾燥重量換算で0.0045kgを投入し、更に水道水を追加して、スラリー量を20Lとした。実施例7と同様に吸引成形、不織布加工を実施し、Pd標準液の通液試験用フィルターとした。このとき、成形体の重量は、14.07gであった。得られた評価用サンプル(フィルター)を使用し、Pd標準液の通液試験を実施した結果、前記フィルターの破過点は2Lであった。
Claims (7)
- 貴金属を含有する水溶液から貴金属を吸着するための活性炭であって、10mmol/Lの四ホウ酸ナトリウム水溶液中のゼータ電位と0.01mmol/Lの四ホウ酸ナトリウム水溶液中のゼータ電位との差(絶対値)が18mV以下であり、かつ細孔半径1nm以下の細孔容積が150~500mm3/gである貴金属吸着用活性炭。
- 糖液脱色性能が30%以上である請求項1記載の貴金属吸着用活性炭。
- 貴金属を含有する水溶液がメッキ廃液である請求項1又は2記載の貴金属吸着用活性炭。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の貴金属吸着用活性炭を20質量%以上含む貴金属吸着フィルター。
- 通液フィルターであり、かつ活性炭の糖液脱色性能が30%以上である請求項4記載の貴金属吸着フィルター。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の貴金属吸着用活性炭を用いて、貴金属を含有する水溶液から貴金属を回収する方法。
- 請求項4又は5記載の貴金属吸着フィルターを用いて、貴金属を含有する水溶液から貴金属を回収する方法。
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US20150190781A1 (en) | 2015-07-09 |
JP6151691B2 (ja) | 2017-06-21 |
CN104685075A (zh) | 2015-06-03 |
TW201408597A (zh) | 2014-03-01 |
KR102095613B1 (ko) | 2020-03-31 |
US9782750B2 (en) | 2017-10-10 |
JPWO2013191269A1 (ja) | 2016-05-26 |
MY178393A (en) | 2020-10-12 |
IN2014DN11197A (ja) | 2015-10-02 |
SG11201408253WA (en) | 2015-01-29 |
TWI603915B (zh) | 2017-11-01 |
KR20150028305A (ko) | 2015-03-13 |
EP2865769B1 (en) | 2018-12-12 |
EP2865769A4 (en) | 2016-03-02 |
CN104685075B (zh) | 2018-11-06 |
EP2865769A1 (en) | 2015-04-29 |
HK1204660A1 (en) | 2015-11-27 |
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