WO2013179487A1 - 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の排気浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013179487A1 WO2013179487A1 PCT/JP2012/064299 JP2012064299W WO2013179487A1 WO 2013179487 A1 WO2013179487 A1 WO 2013179487A1 JP 2012064299 W JP2012064299 W JP 2012064299W WO 2013179487 A1 WO2013179487 A1 WO 2013179487A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
- F02D41/005—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] according to engine operating conditions
- F02D41/0055—Special engine operating conditions, e.g. for regeneration of exhaust gas treatment apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/025—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus by changing the composition of the exhaust gas, e.g. for exothermic reaction on exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
- F02D41/401—Controlling injection timing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
- F01N2610/105—Control thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
- F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/08—Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
- F02D2200/0802—Temperature of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine, in particular, to a technique to raise the temperature of the NO X catalyst arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine.
- Patent Document 2 exhaust gas reduction control for reducing the amount of hydrocarbons (HC) discharged from the internal combustion engine is executed for a predetermined period from the start of the internal combustion engine, and after the predetermined period has elapsed.
- catalyst warm-up promotion control for raising the temperature of an exhaust purification catalyst
- the NO NO X purification rate even if the temperature rise of the X catalyst (NO flows into the X catalytic amount of NO X with respect to NO X
- the ratio of the amount of NO X purified by the catalyst hardly increases. Therefore, when the temperature raising process is started with the start of the internal combustion engine as a trigger when the temperature of the NO x catalyst is lower than the predetermined temperature, the NO x purification rate hardly increases, and smoke or carbon dioxide (CO 2). ) Etc. may increase.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its object is an exhaust gas purification system for an internal combustion engine having a NO X catalyst arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine, while suppressing an increase in emissions NO
- the present invention provides a technique capable of raising the temperature of the X catalyst.
- the present invention focuses on the correlation between the temperature of the NO X catalyst and the NO X purification rate, and the amount of increase in the NO X purification rate decreases with respect to the temperature increase of the NO X catalyst. At that time, the engine operation state was adjusted so that the temperature increase process was not executed and the amount of emissions discharged from the internal combustion engine was reduced.
- the exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine of the present invention is And NO X catalyst arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine, A detecting means for detecting a temperature of the NO X catalyst, Smoke reduction means for performing smoke reduction processing, which is processing for operating the internal combustion engine so that the amount of smoke discharged from the internal combustion engine is reduced; An air amount reduction means for executing an air amount reduction process, which is a process of operating the internal combustion engine so that the intake air amount of the internal combustion engine is reduced, A temperature raising means for performing a temperature raising process that is a process for raising the temperature of the NO x catalyst; Wherein said smoke reduction processing and the air amount reduction process without being the Atsushi Nobori processing is executed when the temperature detected by the detecting means is less than said NO X lower limit value than the activation temperature of the catalyst is performed, the detection Control means for performing control such that the temperature raising process is executed when the temperature detected by the means is equal to or higher than the lower limit value and lower than the activation temperature; I was prepared to.
- the NO X purification rate increases as the temperature of the NO X catalyst increases.
- the “lower limit temperature” is, for example, a temperature at which a part of the NO X catalyst arranged in the exhaust passage is activated (partial activation temperature).
- the “activation temperature” is, for example, a temperature at which the entire NO X catalyst arranged in the exhaust passage is activated (complete activation temperature).
- the NO X purification rate hardly increases although the temperature of the NO X catalyst increases. Therefore, during the period from the start of the temperature raising process until the temperature of the NO X catalyst becomes equal to or higher than the lower limit temperature (hereinafter referred to as “first period”), the amount of NO X discharged to the atmosphere hardly decreases. In addition, there is a problem that the fuel consumption and the amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) generated increase unnecessarily.
- NO X space velocity in the NO X catalyst (specifically, the space velocity of the NO X in the catalyst casing that houses the NO X catalyst) is Get smaller.
- NO X space velocity in the NO X catalyst is small, the NO X purification rate is higher than when the NO X space velocity is large. Therefore, when the first period temperature increase process and the air amount reduction process is not performed is performed, while suppressing the increase in the amount of NO X passes through the NO X catalyst, fuel consumption (the amount of generated CO 2 ) Can be reduced.
- NO X temperature of the catalyst is the period until the rise in the active temperature (hereinafter, "second period” hereinafter) from the lower limit NO X passing through the NO X catalyst, the amount of smoke generated, and fuel consumption
- the amount (CO 2 generation amount) may be larger than when the temperature raising process is started when the temperature of the NO X catalyst is lower than the lower limit value.
- the temperature raising process is not executed in the first period and the smoke reduction process and the air amount reduction process are executed
- the temperature rising process is executed in the first period and the smoke reduction process and the air amount are executed.
- NO X passing through the NO X catalyst, the amount of smoke generated, and the amount of fuel consumption (CO 2 generated) during the first period are reduced.
- the amount of NO X increment passing through the second period in the NO X catalyst, smoke generation amount of the increase, and the increase in fuel consumption is, NO X in the first period decrease in the amount of NO X passing through the catalyst, reduction of the amount of smoke produced content, and is offset by the decrease in fuel consumption (generation amount of CO 2).
- the temperature increase process is executed in the first period and the smoke reduction process and the air amount reduction process are executed. Compared to the case where smoke is not generated, the amount of smoke generated and the amount of fuel consumption (CO 2 generated) are greatly reduced.
- the temperature raising process is not executed in the first period and the air amount reduction process and the smoke reduction process are executed, the temperature increase process is executed in the first period and the air amount reduction process and the smoke reduction are performed.
- the amount and the fuel consumption amount of smoke (the generation amount of CO 2) Can be made.
- a process of advancing the fuel injection timing which is the timing at which fuel is injected into the cylinder of the internal combustion engine, may be executed.
- the fuel injection timing is advanced, the amount of smoke generated is smaller than when the fuel injection timing is not advanced. As a result, the amount of smoke generated in the first period can be reduced.
- the amount of EGR gas introduced into the cylinder by the EGR device is reduced as a smoke reduction process. Processing may be performed.
- the amount of EGR gas introduced into the cylinder is small, the amount of oxygen introduced into the cylinder increases and the combustion temperature of the fuel increases as compared with the case where the amount of EGR gas is small.
- the amount of smoke generated is smaller than when the amount is not reduced. Therefore, the amount of smoke generated during the first period can be reduced.
- a process of supplying unburned fuel to the oxidation catalyst disposed in the exhaust passage upstream of the NO X catalyst may be executed.
- a method of supplying unburned fuel a method of injecting fuel into the cylinder of the expansion stroke or the exhaust stroke (after injection), or a method of adding fuel from a fuel addition valve arranged upstream of the oxidation catalyst is used. be able to.
- heating treatment is a NO X catalyst temperature is less than the lower limit, and the temperature of the oxidation catalyst activation temperature or more It is desirable to be executed on condition that
- the activation temperature of the oxidation catalyst here may be a temperature at which at least a part of the oxidation catalyst disposed in the exhaust passage is activated.
- an occlusion reduction type catalyst or a selective reduction type catalyst can be used, but it is preferable to use a selective reduction type catalyst.
- a selective catalytic reduction catalyst tends to have a lower partial activation temperature (lower limit) as the flow rate of exhaust gas passing through the selective catalytic reduction catalyst decreases. Therefore, when a selective reduction catalyst is used as the NO X catalyst, the lower limit value is lowered by executing the air amount reduction process. As a result, the temperature raising process can be started earlier than when the air amount reduction process is not executed, and the activation period of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst can be advanced.
- the exhaust purification system for an internal combustion engine having a NO X catalyst arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine raise the temperature of the NO X catalyst while suppressing an increase in emissions.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the internal combustion engine to which this invention is applied, and its intake / exhaust system. It is a figure which shows the correlation with the temperature of an oxidation catalyst, and a purification rate. It is a figure which shows the correlation with the temperature of a selective reduction catalyst, and a purification rate. It is a timing chart which shows the execution method of temperature rising process. It is a timing chart which shows the execution method of a low gas amount combustion process. It is a flowchart which shows the control routine which ECU performs when a low gas amount combustion process is performed. Is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature and the NO X purification rate and the exhaust flow rate of the selective reduction catalyst. It is a figure which shows the other structural example of the internal combustion engine to which this invention is applied.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an internal combustion engine to which the present invention is applied.
- An internal combustion engine 1 shown in FIG. 1 is a compression ignition type internal combustion engine (diesel engine) having a plurality of cylinders.
- the internal combustion engine to which the present invention is applied is not limited to a compression ignition type internal combustion engine, but may be a spark ignition type internal combustion engine (gasoline engine) operated in a lean combustion mode.
- the internal combustion engine 1 includes a fuel injection valve 1a that injects fuel into the cylinder.
- An intake passage 2 and an exhaust passage 3 are connected to the internal combustion engine 1.
- the intake passage 2 is a passage that guides fresh air (air) taken from the atmosphere to the cylinders of the internal combustion engine 1.
- the exhaust passage 3 is a passage for circulating burned gas (exhaust gas) discharged from the cylinder of the internal combustion engine 1.
- the throttle valve 4 is a valve mechanism that adjusts the amount of air taken into the cylinder of the internal combustion engine 1 by changing the cross-sectional area of the intake passage 2.
- the throttle valve 4 includes a valve body and an electric motor for opening and closing the valve body, and the electric motor is controlled by an ECU 10 described later.
- the first catalyst casing 5 includes an oxidation catalyst and a particulate filter inside a cylindrical casing.
- the oxidation catalyst may be supported on a catalyst carrier disposed upstream of the particulate filter, or may be supported on the particulate filter.
- the second catalyst casing 6 is a cylindrical casing in which a catalyst carrier carrying a selective reduction catalyst is accommodated.
- the catalyst carrier is, for example, a monolith type base material having a honeycomb-shaped cross section made of cordierite or Fe—Cr—Al heat resistant steel and coated with an active component (support) of alumina or zeolite. is there. Further, a noble metal catalyst (for example, platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), etc.) having oxidation ability is supported on the catalyst carrier.
- the selective reduction catalyst configured as described above is an example of the NO X catalyst according to the present invention.
- the second catalyst casing 6 may contain an occlusion reduction type catalyst instead of the selective reduction type catalyst.
- a catalyst carrier carrying an oxidation catalyst may be arranged downstream of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst.
- the oxidation catalyst in that case can oxidize the reducing agent that has passed through the selective reduction catalyst among the reducing agents supplied from the reducing agent addition valve 7 described later to the selective reduction catalyst.
- the exhaust passage 3 between the first catalyst casing 5 and the second catalyst casing 6 has a reducing agent addition valve 7 for adding (injecting) NH 3 or a reducing agent that is a precursor of NH 3 into the exhaust gas. It is attached.
- the reducing agent addition valve 7 is a valve device having an injection hole that is opened and closed by the movement of a needle.
- the reducing agent addition valve 7 is connected to a reducing agent tank 71 via a pump 70.
- the pump 70 sucks the reducing agent stored in the reducing agent tank 71 and pumps the sucked reducing agent to the reducing agent addition valve 7.
- the reducing agent addition valve 7 injects the reducing agent pumped from the pump 70 into the exhaust passage 3.
- the opening / closing timing of the reducing agent addition valve 7 and the discharge pressure of the pump 70 are electrically controlled by the ECU 10.
- an aqueous solution such as urea or ammonium carbamate, or NH 3 gas can be used as the reducing agent.
- an aqueous urea solution is used as the reducing agent.
- the urea aqueous solution When the urea aqueous solution is injected from the reducing agent addition valve 7, the urea aqueous solution flows into the second catalyst casing 6 together with the exhaust gas. At that time, the urea aqueous solution receives heat from the exhaust and the second catalyst casing 6 and is thermally decomposed or hydrolyzed. When the aqueous urea solution is thermally decomposed or hydrolyzed, ammonia (NH 3 ) is generated. The ammonia (NH 3 ) thus generated is adsorbed or occluded by the selective reduction catalyst.
- Ammonia (NH 3 ) adsorbed or occluded by the selective catalytic reduction catalyst reacts with nitrogen oxide (NO x ) contained in the exhaust gas to generate nitrogen (N 2 ) or water (H 2 O). That is, ammonia (NH 3 ) functions as a reducing agent for nitrogen oxides (NO X ).
- the internal combustion engine 1 configured as described above is provided with an ECU 10.
- the ECU 10 is an electronic control unit that includes a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, a backup RAM, and the like.
- the ECU 10 is electrically connected to various sensors such as a first exhaust temperature sensor 8, a second exhaust temperature sensor 9, a crank position sensor 11, an accelerator position sensor 12, an air flow meter 13, and an A / F sensor 14.
- the first exhaust temperature sensor 8 is disposed in the exhaust passage 3 downstream from the first catalyst casing 5 and upstream from the second catalyst casing 6, and outputs an electrical signal correlated with the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing out from the first catalyst casing 5.
- the second exhaust temperature sensor 9 is disposed in the exhaust passage 3 downstream from the second catalyst casing 6 and outputs an electrical signal correlated with the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing out from the second catalyst casing 6.
- the crank position sensor 11 outputs an electrical signal correlated with the rotational position of the output shaft (crankshaft) of the internal combustion engine 1.
- the accelerator position sensor 12 outputs an electrical signal that correlates with the amount of operation of the accelerator pedal (accelerator opening).
- the air flow meter 13 outputs an electrical signal correlated with the amount of air taken into the internal combustion engine 1 (intake air amount).
- the A / F sensor 14 is disposed in the exhaust passage 3 upstream from the first catalyst casing 5 and outputs an electrical signal correlated with the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust.
- the ECU10 is electrically connected with various apparatuses, such as the fuel injection valve 1a, the throttle valve 4, the reducing agent addition valve 7, and the pump 70.
- FIG. The ECU 10 electrically controls the various devices based on the output signals of the various sensors described above.
- the ECU 10 is a selective reduction type housed in the second catalyst casing 6 in addition to known controls such as fuel injection control of the internal combustion engine 1 and addition control for intermittently injecting the reducing agent from the reducing agent addition valve 7.
- the catalyst temperature increase control is executed.
- a method for executing the temperature rise control in this embodiment will be described.
- the oxidation catalyst and the selective reduction catalyst are not active, that is, the oxidation catalyst can oxidize unburned fuel components (HC, CO, etc.) in the exhaust.
- the selective catalytic reduction catalyst cannot reduce nitrogen oxide (NO x ) in the exhaust gas. Therefore, it is necessary to activate the oxidation catalyst and the selective reduction catalyst at an early stage.
- a method of activating the oxidation catalyst and the selective catalytic reduction catalyst at an early stage fuel is added to the exhaust passage 3 upstream from the oxidation catalyst, or after-injection from the fuel injection valve into the cylinder of the expansion stroke or the exhaust stroke.
- a method of executing a process (temperature increase process) for supplying an unburned fuel component to an oxidation catalyst is known. According to such a method, the temperature of the oxidation catalyst or the selective catalytic reduction catalyst can be raised by using heat generated when the unburned fuel component is oxidized by the oxidation catalyst.
- the oxidation catalyst or the selective reduction catalyst when the oxidation catalyst or the selective reduction catalyst is lower than a predetermined temperature, the amount of increase in the purification rate is less than the amount of increase in temperature.
- the relationship between the temperature (bed temperature) of the oxidation catalyst and the purification rate (oxidation rate of unburned fuel) is shown in FIG.
- the “first temperature Te1” here is a temperature (partial activation temperature) at which at least a part of the oxidation catalyst housed in the first catalyst casing 5 is activated. If the temperature raising process is executed when the temperature of the oxidation catalyst is lower than the first temperature Te1, the majority of the unburned fuel component supplied to the oxidation catalyst may be discharged into the atmosphere without being oxidized. There is.
- Figure 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature and the purification rate of the selective reduction catalyst (NO X purification rate).
- the temperature of the selective reduction catalyst is lower than a predetermined temperature (second temperature) Te2
- second temperature Te2 to the temperature rise of the selective reduction catalyst
- selective reduction temperature of the catalyst is the second temperature Te2 or more, and when belonging to a range of less than the third temperature Te3, to the temperature rise of the selective reduction catalyst, increases the amount of the NO X purification rate Become more.
- the "second temperature Te2" is (ratio of the amount of NO X purification rate with respect to temperature increase of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst rises) temperature change rate when the temperature of the selective reduction catalyst rises a predetermined amount Is the lowest temperature that is equal to or higher than the reference value, for example, the temperature at which at least a part of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst accommodated in the second catalyst casing 6 is activated (partial activation temperature).
- the second temperature Te2 is an example of a “lower limit value” according to the present invention.
- the “third temperature Te3” is, for example, a temperature at which the entire selective reduction catalyst accommodated in the second catalyst casing 6 is activated (complete activation temperature).
- the temperature of the selective reduction catalyst When the temperature of the selective reduction catalyst is heated process is executed when less than the second temperature Te2, the temperature of the selective reduction catalyst increases, NO X purification rate is hardly increased. As a result, the fuel consumption increases unnecessarily, and the amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) produced by the oxidation catalyst may increase unnecessarily.
- the temperature increase process is performed when the temperature of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst is equal to or higher than the second temperature Te2 and lower than the third temperature Te3, the temperature of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst can be raised, NO X purification rate can be sufficiently increased.
- the temperature raising process is executed on the condition that the temperature of the oxidation catalyst is equal to or higher than the first temperature Te1 and the temperature of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst is equal to or higher than the second temperature Te2 and lower than the third temperature Te3. It is desirable.
- the execution method of the temperature raising process in the present embodiment will be described along the timing chart of FIG.
- the heat of the exhaust is transferred to the oxidation catalyst and the selective reduction catalyst.
- the temperature of the oxidation catalyst rises before the selective reduction catalyst.
- the temperature of the oxidation catalyst first reaches the first temperature Te1 or higher (t1 in FIG. 4), and then the temperature of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst reaches the second temperature Te2 or higher (t2 in FIG. 4).
- the temperature change rate is significantly increased. Therefore, during the second period, the temperature raising process is executed (the temperature raising process flag is on (ON)).
- the temperature raising process is executed in the second period, the temperature of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst rapidly rises and the rate of temperature change also rapidly increases. As a result, it is possible to increase the NO X purification rate of the selective reduction catalyst in a short time.
- the amount of unburned fuel supplied to the oxidation catalyst per unit time at the time of executing the temperature raising process is the same as the conventional temperature raising process (supply of unburned fuel to the oxidation catalyst at the start of the internal combustion engine 1 or immediately after the start. It is preferable that the number of processes is increased more than when the process is started. In that case, it is possible to further increase the rising speed of the temperature increase rate and NO X purification rate of the selective reduction catalyst. As a result, even when the low load operation state is continued after the internal combustion engine 1 is started, the selective reduction catalyst can be activated quickly. In addition, since the execution time of the temperature raising process is shortened, an increase in fuel consumption (CO 2 generation amount) resulting from the temperature raising process can be suppressed to a low level.
- the amount of NO X passing through the selective reduction catalyst in the first period (that is, not reduced and purified by the selective reduction catalyst). is the amount of NO X, in the following there is a possibility that many referred) to as "NO X passing amount".
- NO X passing amount the amount of NO X, in the following there is a possibility that many referred) to as "NO X passing amount”.
- the fuel consumption (CO 2 generation amount) in the second period is conventionally increased. There is a possibility that it will be more than the temperature rising process.
- the ECU 10 performs the air amount reduction process and the smoke reduction process during the first period.
- the air amount reduction process is a process for reducing the intake air amount of the internal combustion engine 1.
- the temperature of the selective reduction catalyst is equal to or higher than the second temperature Te2 and a condition other than the temperature of the selective reduction catalyst.
- an exhaust throttle valve is disposed in the exhaust passage 3 of the internal combustion engine 1
- the intake air amount of the internal combustion engine 1 may be reduced by reducing the opening of the exhaust throttle valve.
- a turbine of a variable displacement turbocharger is disposed in the exhaust passage 3 of the internal combustion engine 1
- the intake air amount of the internal combustion engine 1 is reduced by changing the turbine capacity so that the supercharging pressure is lowered. You may let them.
- the opening degree of the throttle valve 4 When the opening degree of the throttle valve 4 is reduced, the flow rate of the gas (exhaust gas) discharged from the internal combustion engine 1 is reduced as compared with the case where the opening degree is not reduced. Compared to the case when the flow rate of the exhaust gas is small lot, the absolute amount of the NO X flowing into the second catalyst casing 6 is reduced per unit time, space velocity of the NO X in the second catalyst casing 6 (sv) is small Become. As a result, NO X purification rate increases with the amount of the NO X to be reduced and purified by the selective reduction catalyst increases.
- the temperature increase process is not performed in the first period and the air amount reduction process is performed, the temperature increase process is performed in the first period and the air amount reduction process is not performed.
- the fuel consumption (CO 2 generation amount) can be reduced while suppressing the NO X passage amount in the first period.
- the smoke reduction process is a process for advancing the fuel injection timing of the fuel injection valve 1a.
- the temperature of the selective reduction catalyst is equal to or higher than the second temperature Te2, and the temperature other than the temperature of the selective reduction catalyst is used. This is a process for advancing the fuel injection timing as compared with the case where the conditions are the same.
- the fuel and air mixing time becomes longer than when the fuel injection timing is not advanced.
- the premixing time is long, the fuel and air are easily mixed more uniformly than when the premixing time is short. As a result, the amount of smoke generated is reduced because the fuel is less likely to be burned under oxygen-deficient conditions.
- the temperature increase process is not executed in the first period and the air amount reduction process and the smoke reduction process are executed, the temperature increase process is executed in the first period and the air amount reduction process and the smoke reduction process are performed. Compared to the case where the reduction process is not executed, it is possible to reduce the amount of fuel consumption (CO 2 generation amount) and the amount of smoke generation while suppressing the NO X passage amount in the first period.
- the temperature raising process is started when the temperature of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst reaches the second temperature Te2. Therefore, the NO X passage amount, the smoke generation amount, and the fuel consumption amount (CO 2 generation amount) in the second period are larger than those in the case where the conventional temperature raising process is performed as shown in FIG. There is a case.
- the solid line in FIG. 5 shows the case where the temperature raising process is not executed in the first period and the air amount reduction process and the smoke reduction process are executed, and the one-dot chain line in FIG. A case where the temperature increase process is executed in the first period and the air amount reduction process and the smoke reduction process are not executed is shown.
- NO X in the first period is compared with the case where the conventional temperature raising process is executed.
- the passing amount, the smoke generation amount, and the fuel consumption (CO 2 generation amount) are reduced.
- the increase in the NO X passage amount, the increase in the smoke generation amount, and the increase in the fuel consumption amount (CO 2 generation amount) in the second period are the decrease in the NO X passage amount in the first period. This is offset by the decrease in the amount of smoke generated and the decrease in the fuel consumption (CO 2 generation).
- the smoke generation in the first period is not performed. Generation amount and fuel consumption (CO 2 generation amount) are significantly reduced.
- the temperature raising process is not executed in the first period and the air amount reduction process and the smoke reduction process are executed, the temperature increase process is executed in the first period and the air amount reduction process and the smoke reduction are performed.
- the amount and the fuel consumption amount of smoke (the generation amount of CO 2) Can be reduced.
- the temperature raising process of the present embodiment it is possible to activate the selective catalytic reduction catalyst in a short time while suppressing an increase in fuel consumption (CO 2 generation amount) and an increase in smoke generation amount. become.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a control routine executed by the ECU 10 when the temperature raising control is executed.
- the control routine of FIG. 6 is stored in advance in the ROM or the like of the ECU 10 and is periodically executed by the ECU 10.
- the ECU 10 first reads the output signal Tcat1 of the first exhaust temperature sensor 8 and the output signal Tcat2 of the second exhaust temperature sensor 9 in S101.
- the ECU 10 determines whether or not the temperature of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst is lower than the second temperature Te2. At that time, the ECU 10 uses the output signal Tcat2 of the second exhaust temperature sensor 9 as a value correlated with the temperature of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst. If an affirmative determination is made in S102 (Tcat2 ⁇ Te2), the ECU 10 proceeds to the process of S103.
- the ECU 10 calculates a time (arrival time) ta required for the temperature of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst to reach the second temperature Te2.
- the arrival time ta here is a time required for the temperature of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst to reach the second temperature Te2 when the temperature raising process is not executed.
- the arrival time ta varies depending on the temperature and flow rate of the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine 1.
- the exhaust temperature correlates with the required torque or required acceleration of the internal combustion engine 1.
- the exhaust flow rate correlates with the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine 1 (engine speed). Therefore, the arrival time ta can be calculated using the required torque or required acceleration of the internal combustion engine 1 and the engine speed as parameters.
- the required torque or required acceleration of the internal combustion engine 1 correlates with the output signal (accelerator opening) of the accelerator position sensor 12 or the change rate of the accelerator opening. Therefore, the arrival time ta may be calculated using the accelerator opening or the changing speed of the accelerator opening and the engine speed as parameters. Further, the relationship between the accelerator opening or the change rate of the accelerator opening, the engine speed, and the arrival time ta may be mapped in advance, and the arrival time ta may be calculated from the map.
- the ECU 10 determines whether or not the arrival time ta calculated in S103 is longer than the reference time ta0.
- the reference time ta0 here is the amount of NO X passing through the selective catalytic reduction catalyst through the first period and the second period, the amount of smoke generated, and the fuel, assuming that the temperature raising process is started at the present time. This is the longest time that the consumption (CO 2 generation amount) is considered to be less than when the conventional temperature raising process is performed, and is the time previously determined by the adaptation process using experiments or the like.
- the reference time ta0 is the time required for the effect of the temperature raising process to be reflected in the temperature change of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst, in other words, the temperature raising process, assuming that the temperature raising process is started at the present time.
- the time required from the start of the process until the heat of oxidation reaction generated in the oxidation catalyst is transferred to the selective reduction catalyst may be used.
- the ECU 10 determines whether or not the NH 3 adsorption amount ⁇ NH 3 of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst is equal to or greater than the target adsorption amount ⁇ NH 3 trg.
- the “target adsorption amount ⁇ NH 3 trg” here is the NO X passage amount in the first period when it is assumed that the temperature raising process is not executed and the air amount reduction process and the smoke reduction process are executed. This is the NH 3 adsorption amount ⁇ NH 3 necessary to keep the value below the upper limit assumed in advance, and is a value determined in advance by an adaptation process using experiments or the like.
- the NH 3 adsorption amount ⁇ NH 3 of the selective reduction catalyst is obtained by a known calculation method using parameters such as the addition history of the urea aqueous solution by the reducing agent addition valve 7 and the history of the NO X amount discharged from the internal combustion engine 1. be able to.
- the ECU 10 proceeds to the process of S106.
- the ECU 10 executes an air amount reduction process and a smoke reduction process. Specifically, the ECU 10 decreases the opening of the throttle valve 4 (throttle opening) and advances the fuel injection timing. At that time, it is desirable that the amount of decrease in the throttle opening and the advance amount of the fuel injection timing are set to the maximum amount that does not cause torque fluctuation or misfire of the internal combustion engine 1, and are obtained in advance by an adaptation process using experiments or the like. It is desirable that
- the ECU 10 proceeds to the process of S107.
- the ECU 10 determines whether or not the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing into the selective catalytic reduction catalyst is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature Thd.
- the “predetermined temperature Thd” is a temperature obtained by adding a margin to the lowest temperature at which the urea aqueous solution is hydrolyzed. Note that the output signal Tcat1 of the first exhaust temperature sensor 8 can be used as the temperature of the exhaust flowing into the selective catalytic reduction catalyst.
- the NH 3 adsorption amount ⁇ NH 3 of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst even if the urea aqueous solution is added from the reducing agent addition valve 7. Can not be increased.
- the NH 3 adsorption amount ⁇ NH 3 of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst is smaller than the target adsorption amount ⁇ NH 3 trg, if the air amount reduction process and the smoke reduction process are executed without executing the temperature increasing process, There is a possibility that the NO X passing amount in the period and the second period is larger than that in the case where the conventional temperature raising process is executed.
- the ECU 10 proceeds to the processing of S106 when an affirmative determination is made in S107 (Tcat1 ⁇ Thd), and proceeds to the processing of S109 when a negative determination is made in S107 (Tcat1 ⁇ Thd).
- S109 the ECU 10 executes a temperature raising process.
- NO X passing amount of the first period and the second period, the amount of smoke generated, and the fuel consumption (generation amount of CO 2) is This is substantially the same as when the conventional temperature raising process is executed. Therefore, it is possible to raise the temperature of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst while suppressing the NO X passing amount, the amount of smoke generated, and the amount of fuel consumption (CO 2 generation amount) to be equal to those of the conventional temperature raising process.
- the ECU 10 proceeds to the process of S109.
- the start time of the temperature raising process can be advanced. That, NO X throughput, amount of generation of smoke, and the fuel consumption while suppressing less than if a conventional heating process (generation amount of CO 2) has been performed, to hasten the timing of the selective reduction catalyst is active Can do.
- the ECU 10 proceeds to S108.
- the ECU 10 determines whether or not the temperature Tcat2 of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst is lower than the third temperature Te3. If a negative determination is made in S108 (Tcat2 ⁇ Te3), the selective reduction catalyst is in a fully activated state, and thus the ECU 10 ends the execution of this routine. On the other hand, when an affirmative determination is made in S108 (Tcat2 ⁇ Te3), since the selective catalytic reduction catalyst is not in a fully activated state, the ECU 10 proceeds to S109 and executes a temperature raising process.
- NO X passes the amount in the period until the selective reduction catalyst from the time of starting of the internal combustion engine 1 is activated, the amount of smoke generated, and the fuel consumption amount (generation amount of CO 2) is a conventional heating process execution
- generation amount of CO 2 generation amount of CO 2
- ECU 10 calculates the NO X purification rate of the selective reduction catalyst during the execution period of the air amount reduction process and the smoke reduction process, heated process starts when the NO X purification rate exceeds a predetermined value You may do it.
- the NO X sensor arranged downstream of the exhaust passage 3 from the second catalyst exhaust passage 3 and the second catalyst casing 6 upstream of the casing 6, NO X purification rate output signal thereof NO X sensor as a parameter calculation May be. According to such a method, the time when the selective catalytic reduction catalyst is activated can be further advanced.
- an EGR device including an EGR passage 100 that communicates the intake passage 2 and the exhaust passage 3 and an EGR valve 101 that changes the passage sectional area of the EGR passage 100 is attached to the internal combustion engine 1.
- the ECU 10 may execute a process of reducing the amount of EGR gas (a process of reducing the opening of the EGR valve 101) as the smoke reduction process.
- the ECU 10 may execute both a process for reducing the opening of the EGR valve 101 and a process for advancing the fuel injection timing as the smoke reduction process. In that case, the amount of smoke generated can be further reduced.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
内燃機関の排気通路に配置されるNOX触媒と、
前記NOX触媒の温度を検出する検出手段と、
内燃機関から排出されるスモークの量が少なくなるように内燃機関を運転させる処理であるスモーク低減処理を実行するスモーク低減手段と、
内燃機関の吸入空気量が少なくなるように内燃機関を運転させる処理である空気量低減処理を実行する空気量低減手段と、
前記NOX触媒の温度を上昇させる処理である昇温処理を実行する昇温手段と、
前記検出手段により検出される温度が前記NOX触媒の活性温度より低い下限値未満であるときは前記昇温処理が実行されずに前記スモーク低減処理及び前記空気量低減処理が実行され、前記検出手段により検出される温度が前記下限値以上且つ前記活性温度未満であるときは前記昇温処理が実行されるような制御を行う制御手段と、
を備えるようにした。
1a 燃料噴射弁
2 吸気通路
3 排気通路
4 スロットル弁
5 第一触媒ケーシング
6 第二触媒ケーシング
7 還元剤添加弁
8 第一排気温度センサ
9 第二排気温度センサ
10 ECU
11 クランクポジションセンサ
12 アクセルポジションセンサ
13 エアフローメータ
14 A/Fセンサ
70 ポンプ
71 還元剤タンク
100 EGR通路
101 EGR弁
Claims (3)
- 内燃機関の排気通路に配置されるNOX触媒と、
前記NOX触媒の温度を検出する検出手段と、
内燃機関から排出されるスモークの量が少なくなるように内燃機関を運転させる処理であるスモーク低減処理を実行するスモーク低減手段と、
内燃機関の吸入空気量が少なくなるように内燃機関を運転させる処理である空気量低減処理を実行する空気量低減手段と、
前記NOX触媒の温度を上昇させる処理である昇温処理を実行する昇温手段と、
前記検出手段により検出される温度が前記NOX触媒の活性温度より低い下限値未満であるときは前記昇温処理が実行されずに前記スモーク低減処理及び前記空気量低減処理が実行され、前記検出手段により検出される温度が前記下限値以上且つ前記活性温度未満であるときは前記昇温処理が実行されるような制御を行う制御手段と、
を備える内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 請求項1において、前記スモーク低減処理は、内燃機関の気筒内へ燃料が噴射される時期である燃料噴射時期を進角させる処理を含む内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 請求項1又は2において、排気の一部をEGRガスとして内燃機関の気筒内へ導入させるEGR装置を更に備え、
前記スモーク低減処理は、前記EGR装置により気筒内へ導入されるEGRガスの量を減少させる処理を含む内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US14/404,400 US9745877B2 (en) | 2012-06-01 | 2012-06-01 | Exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine |
EP12877638.2A EP2857647B1 (en) | 2012-06-01 | 2012-06-01 | Exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine |
PCT/JP2012/064299 WO2013179487A1 (ja) | 2012-06-01 | 2012-06-01 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
JP2014518208A JP6128122B2 (ja) | 2012-06-01 | 2012-06-01 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
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PCT/JP2012/064299 WO2013179487A1 (ja) | 2012-06-01 | 2012-06-01 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
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US (1) | US9745877B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2857647B1 (ja) |
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WO (1) | WO2013179487A1 (ja) |
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JP2019049245A (ja) * | 2017-09-12 | 2019-03-28 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | 車輌 |
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US9874839B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2018-01-23 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Fixing device and image forming apparatus |
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US20150107230A1 (en) | 2015-04-23 |
JP6128122B2 (ja) | 2017-05-17 |
EP2857647A4 (en) | 2016-01-13 |
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EP2857647B1 (en) | 2017-09-27 |
US9745877B2 (en) | 2017-08-29 |
JPWO2013179487A1 (ja) | 2016-01-18 |
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