WO2013161984A1 - ジアミン、重合体、液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
ジアミン、重合体、液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013161984A1 WO2013161984A1 PCT/JP2013/062339 JP2013062339W WO2013161984A1 WO 2013161984 A1 WO2013161984 A1 WO 2013161984A1 JP 2013062339 W JP2013062339 W JP 2013062339W WO 2013161984 A1 WO2013161984 A1 WO 2013161984A1
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- liquid crystal
- acid
- diamine
- aligning agent
- crystal aligning
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- 0 O=C(*1(C(O2)=O)IC2=O)OC1=O Chemical compound O=C(*1(C(O2)=O)IC2=O)OC1=O 0.000 description 2
- PWFSQCYPZXQODS-SYZQJQIISA-N CC(CC(Oc(cc1)ccc1N)=O)c1ccc(/C=C/C(Oc(cc2)ccc2N)=O)cc1 Chemical compound CC(CC(Oc(cc1)ccc1N)=O)c1ccc(/C=C/C(Oc(cc2)ccc2N)=O)cc1 PWFSQCYPZXQODS-SYZQJQIISA-N 0.000 description 1
- MJZIKWXNYFSYFL-LHHJGKSTSA-N CC(CC(Oc(cc1)ccc1N)=O)c1cccc(/C=C/C(Oc(cc2)ccc2N)=O)c1 Chemical compound CC(CC(Oc(cc1)ccc1N)=O)c1cccc(/C=C/C(Oc(cc2)ccc2N)=O)c1 MJZIKWXNYFSYFL-LHHJGKSTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVGCMKNTIXHPCN-NTEUORMPSA-N CC(Cc1cc(/C=C/C(OCCc(cc2)ccc2N)=O)ccc1)C(OCCc(cc1)ccc1N)=O Chemical compound CC(Cc1cc(/C=C/C(OCCc(cc2)ccc2N)=O)ccc1)C(OCCc(cc1)ccc1N)=O WVGCMKNTIXHPCN-NTEUORMPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UDXYKKRGDJOWQI-VOMDNODZSA-N Nc1ccc(/C=C/C(OCCCCCOC(/C=C/c(cc2)ccc2N)=O)=O)cc1 Chemical compound Nc1ccc(/C=C/C(OCCCCCOC(/C=C/c(cc2)ccc2N)=O)=O)cc1 UDXYKKRGDJOWQI-VOMDNODZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDSPUPOZPVNYFP-XCVCLJGOSA-N Nc1ccc(/C=C/C(Oc(cc2)ccc2N)=O)cc1 Chemical compound Nc1ccc(/C=C/C(Oc(cc2)ccc2N)=O)cc1 LDSPUPOZPVNYFP-XCVCLJGOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGJVONLMPFGIDF-OWOJBTEDSA-N Nc1ccc(/C=C/C=O)cc1 Chemical compound Nc1ccc(/C=C/C=O)cc1 LGJVONLMPFGIDF-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYEXQRNJBMFXJT-KAVGSWPWSA-N Nc1ccc(CCOC(/C=C/c2ccc(/C=C/C(OCCc(cc3)ccc3N)=O)cc2)=O)cc1 Chemical compound Nc1ccc(CCOC(/C=C/c2ccc(/C=C/C(OCCc(cc3)ccc3N)=O)cc2)=O)cc1 GYEXQRNJBMFXJT-KAVGSWPWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BBOPDQRYAREPNL-VOMDNODZSA-N [O-][N+](c1ccc(/C=C/C(OCCCCCOC(/C=C/c(cc2)ccc2[N+]([O-])=O)=O)=O)cc1)=O Chemical compound [O-][N+](c1ccc(/C=C/C(OCCCCCOC(/C=C/c(cc2)ccc2[N+]([O-])=O)=O)=O)cc1)=O BBOPDQRYAREPNL-VOMDNODZSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C219/00—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C219/34—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and esterified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C219/00—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C219/32—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and esterified hydroxy groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/44—Polyester-amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/16—Polyester-imides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
- G02F1/133723—Polyimide, polyamide-imide
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/13378—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation
- G02F1/133788—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation by light irradiation, e.g. linearly polarised light photo-polymerisation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel diamine, polyimide precursor, polyimide and polyamide, liquid crystal aligning agent, liquid crystal alignment film, and liquid crystal display element.
- a liquid crystal alignment film plays a role of aligning liquid crystals in a certain direction.
- the main liquid crystal alignment films that are used industrially are polyimide precursors such as polyamic acid (also called polyamic acid), polyamic acid esters, and polyimide-based liquid crystal aligning agents composed of polyimide solutions. It is manufactured by applying and forming a film. Further, when the liquid crystal is horizontally aligned, parallel aligned, or inclinedly aligned with respect to the substrate surface, after the film formation, a surface stretching process by rubbing is further performed. As an alternative to the rubbing treatment, a method using an anisotropic photochemical reaction by irradiation with polarized ultraviolet rays or the like has been proposed, and in recent years, studies for industrialization have been performed.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display element having a good afterimage characteristic by reducing a change in liquid crystal alignment performance of a liquid crystal alignment film by AC driving.
- a polyimide precursor that constitutes a liquid crystal display element having such characteristics a novel diamine capable of obtaining a liquid crystal alignment film having polyimide or polyamide, and a liquid crystal alignment agent and a liquid crystal display element using the same are provided. The purpose is to provide.
- the present inventors have achieved the above object by a polyimide precursor using a specific diamine represented by the following formula (1) as a diamine component, a liquid crystal aligning agent containing polyimide or polyamide. Therefore, the present invention has been found to be extremely effective, and the present invention has been completed.
- the diamine represented by the following formula (1) is a novel compound not yet described in the literature.
- X 1 is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, provided that —CH 2 — which is not adjacent to the alkylene group may be replaced by an ether bond, an ester bond or an amide bond.
- X 2 is —OCO—CH ⁇ CH— or —CH ⁇ CH—COO—
- X 3 is a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a divalent benzene ring
- 4 is a single bond, —OCO—CH ⁇ CH— or —CH ⁇ CH—COO—
- X 5 is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (provided that —CH 2 which is not adjacent to the alkylene group) -May be replaced by an ether bond, an ester bond or an amide bond, provided that the formula (1) has one or more cinnamoyl groups.)
- a liquid crystal aligning agent comprising the polymer described in 2.
- a liquid crystal display element comprising the liquid crystal alignment film according to 4.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a novel diamine capable of obtaining a liquid crystal alignment film in which changes in liquid crystal alignment performance due to AC driving are reduced. And since the liquid crystal aligning film obtained by using this diamine is hard to change the liquid crystal aligning performance by AC drive, the liquid crystal display element which has this liquid crystal aligning film has an effect that an afterimage is hard to generate
- the diamine of the present invention is a diamine represented by the above formula (1).
- the cinnamoyl group is a structure represented by the following formula.
- the position of the amino group (—NH 2 ) of the benzene ring is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of liquid crystal alignment performance and ease of synthesis, for example, —X 1 —X 2 — It is preferably present in the para position or the meta position with respect to X 3 —X 4 —X 5 —.
- Examples of the diamine represented by the formula (1) include the following diamines.
- X is independently a single bond or a linking group selected from ether (—O—), ester (—COO— or —OCO—) and amide (—CONH— or —NHCO—);
- diamine represented by the formula (1) include the following diamines.
- a liquid crystal alignment film formed using a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a polyimide precursor such as polyamic acid and polyamic acid ester, polyimide and polyamide using the diamine of the present invention represented by the above formula (1) as a raw material Is a change in liquid crystal alignment performance due to AC (alternating current) driving, for example, a change in liquid crystal alignment orientation. Therefore, the liquid crystal display element having this liquid crystal alignment film has a stable liquid crystal alignment performance of the liquid crystal alignment film in AC driving, so that an afterimage is hardly generated by AC driving, that is, an afterimage characteristic by AC driving is very good. There is an effect. Moreover, the liquid crystal aligning film formed using the diamine represented by the said Formula (1) is excellent also in liquid crystal aligning performance itself, and can be made into a thing without an alignment defect substantially.
- the structure derived from the diamine represented by the formula (1) introduced into the main chain of the polyimide precursor, polyimide or polyamide is a side chain instead of the main chain of the polyimide precursor, polyimide or polyamide.
- the side chain since the side chain is hung from the main chain, when the AC drive is performed, the side chain moves by being pressed against the liquid crystal moved by the AC drive, and the formula (1 This is because the structure derived from the diamine represented by) moves, and the orientation direction is greatly shifted by AC driving, and an afterimage is likely to be generated by AC driving.
- the method for synthesizing the diamine represented by the above formula (1) is not particularly limited and can be produced, for example, according to the synthesis examples described later.
- it is diamine represented by Formula (a)
- it is compoundable by the method shown below.
- the diamine represented by the above formula (a) can be obtained by synthesizing a corresponding dinitro compound represented by the following formula (a ′), further reducing the nitro group and converting it to an amino group.
- a ′ dinitro compound represented by the following formula (a ′)
- palladium-carbon, platinum oxide, Raney nickel, iron, tin chloride, platinum black, rhodium-alumina, platinum carbon sulfide and the like can be used as a catalyst. From the viewpoint of selectively reducing only the nitro group with high yield while leaving the olefin unreduced, it is effective to use a chemical reduction method using iron or tin chloride.
- the solvent examples include a solvent such as ethyl acetate, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, and alcohol
- examples of the reducing agent include a reaction using hydrogen gas, hydrazine, hydrogen chloride, ammonium chloride, and the like.
- the method for synthesizing the dinitro compound represented by the formula (a ′) is not particularly limited, and can be synthesized by any method, and specific examples thereof include, for example, the method shown in the following reaction. can do.
- the nitrobenzene compound A and the compound B having a carboxylic acid are reacted with each other in a direct condensation method using, for example, DMAP / DCC or DMAP / EDC in an organic solvent, or the carboxylic acid is converted to thionyl chloride or chloride. It can be synthesized by reacting it as an acid chloride using oxalyl, phosphoryl chloride, sulfuryl chloride, phosphorus trichloride and the like.
- DMAP is 4-N, N-dimethylaminopyridine
- DCC is dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- EDC is 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride.
- X and Y are the same as X and Y in the formula (a), respectively, and examples thereof include 4-nitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol, 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 3-nitro Examples include benzyl alcohol, 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 4-nitrophenethyl alcohol, 3-nitrophenethyl alcohol, 2-nitrophenethyl alcohol, and a linking group Y is inserted between the benzene ring and the hydroxyl group as necessary. May be. Further, other substituents may be bonded on the benzene ring, and the substitution position of the nitro group on the benzene ring is appropriately selected from those at which the target diamine is obtained. In addition, the compound shown here is an example and is not specifically limited.
- organic solvent examples include solvents that do not affect the reaction, specifically, aromatic solvents such as toluene and xylene, aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as hexane and heptane, halogens such as dichloromethane and 1,2-dichloroethane.
- diamines can also be synthesized by using the same technique as the diamine represented by the above formula (a).
- Polyimide precursors such as polyamic acid and polyamic acid ester of the present invention are obtained by reacting a diamine component containing a diamine represented by the above formula (1) with a tetracarboxylic acid component.
- polyamic acid ester is obtained also by the method of converting the carboxyl group of polyamic acid into ester.
- the polyimide of this invention is obtained by imidating polyimide precursors, such as these polyamic acid or polyamic acid ester.
- the polyamide of this invention reacts the diamine component containing the diamine represented by the said Formula (1), and the halide of dicarboxylic acid in presence of a base, or contains the diamine represented by the said Formula (1).
- diamine component can be obtained by reacting a diamine component with a dicarboxylic acid in the presence of a suitable condensing agent and base.
- a suitable condensing agent and base Any of polyimide precursors such as polyamic acid and polyamic acid ester, polyimide, and polyamide are useful as a polymer for obtaining a liquid crystal alignment film.
- the diamine represented by the formula (1) contained in the diamine component may be one kind or two or more kinds, and the diamine component is one kind of diamine other than the diamine represented by the formula (1). Or two or more types may be included.
- the diamine represented by the formula (1) can exhibit the effects of the present invention at 10 mol% or more with respect to the total amount of the diamine component, but is preferably 30 to 100 mol%, and more preferably 50 mol%. ⁇ 100 mol%. In the present specification, unless otherwise specified, the ratio is based on the number of moles.
- diamines other than the diamine represented by the above formula (1) that may be contained in the diamine component include p-phenylenediamine, 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, 2 , 5-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, 2,4-dimethyl-m-phenylenediamine, 2,5-diaminotoluene, 2,6-diaminotoluene, 2,5-diaminophenol, 2,4 -Diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 2,4-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 4,6-diaminoresorcinol, 4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 3,3'-dimethyl-4 , 4'-diaminobiphenyl, 3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 3,3 ' Dihydroxy-4,4′
- the above-mentioned other diamines can be used alone or in combination of two or more depending on properties such as liquid crystal orientation, voltage holding ratio, and accumulated charge when the liquid crystal alignment film is formed.
- the tetracarboxylic acid component is at least one selected from tetracarboxylic acids and tetracarboxylic acid derivatives.
- the tetracarboxylic acid derivative include tetracarboxylic acid dihalide, tetracarboxylic dianhydride, tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride, and tetracarboxylic acid diester.
- a polyamic acid can be obtained by reacting a diamine component with a tetracarboxylic acid dihalide, tetracarboxylic dianhydride, or the like.
- a polyamic acid ester can be obtained by reacting a tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride with a diamine component or reacting a tetracarboxylic acid diester with a diamine component in the presence of a suitable condensing agent or base.
- the tetracarboxylic acid component may be one type or two or more types.
- tetracarboxylic acid component examples include a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the following formula (3).
- Z 1 is a tetravalent organic group having 4 to 13 carbon atoms containing a non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Z 1 examples include tetravalent organic groups represented by the following formulas (3a) to (3j).
- Z 2 to Z 5 are a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a chlorine atom or a benzene ring, and may be the same or different.
- Z 6 and Z 7 are hydrogen atoms or methyl groups, which may be the same or different.
- formula (3) particularly preferred structure of Z 1 is represented by formula (3a), formula (3c), formula (3d), formula (3e), formula (3f) or formula because of polymerization reactivity and ease of synthesis. (3g).
- the formula (3a), the formula (3e), the formula (3f), or the formula (3g) is preferable.
- the ratio of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride shown by Formula (3) with respect to the tetracarboxylic acid component whole quantity is not specifically limited,
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride whose tetracarboxylic acid component is shown by the said Formula (3) It may be only.
- the tetracarboxylic acid component may contain a tetracarboxylic acid or a tetracarboxylic acid derivative other than the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (3) as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- 1 mol% or more of the total amount of the tetracarboxylic acid component is a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above formula (3), more preferably 5 mol% or more, and still more preferably 10 mol%. That's it.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydrides other than the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above formula (3) include pyromellitic acid, 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,5,6 -Naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid, 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid, 2,3,6,7-anthracene tetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,5,6-anthracene tetracarboxylic acid, 3,3 ', 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, 2,3,3 ′, 4-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) ether, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid Bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) sulfone, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)
- Tetracarboxylic acid diesters are not particularly limited. Specific examples are given below. Specific examples of the aliphatic tetracarboxylic acid diester include 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 1,2-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 1 , 3-Dimethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 1,2, 3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofurantetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 3,4-dicarboxy-1 -Cyclohexyl succinic acid dialkyl ester, 3,
- aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester examples include pyromellitic acid dialkyl ester, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 2,2 ′, 3,3′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 2,3,3 ′, 4-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 2,3,3 ′, 4-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) ether dialkyl ester, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) sulfone dialkyl ester, 1,2,5,6-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 2,3,6,7- Naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl
- the dicarboxylic acid to be reacted with the diamine component to obtain the polyamide of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- Specific examples of the dicarboxylic acid or its derivative aliphatic dicarboxylic acid to be reacted with a diamine component to obtain a polyamide include malonic acid, succinic acid, dimethylmalonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, muconic acid, 2 -Dicarboxylic acids such as methyladipic acid, trimethyladipic acid, pimelic acid, 2,2-dimethylglutaric acid, 3,3-diethylsuccinic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid and suberic acid.
- Examples of the alicyclic dicarboxylic acid include 1,1-cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid, 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid, and 1,3-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid.
- aromatic dicarboxylic acids o-phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, 5-methylisophthalic acid, 5-tert-butylisophthalic acid, 5-aminoisophthalic acid, 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid, 2,5-dimethylterephthalic acid Acid, tetramethylterephthalic acid, 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-anthracenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4 Anthraquinone dicarboxylic acid, 2,5-biphenyl dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-biphenyl dicarboxylic acid, 1,5-biphenylene dicarboxylic acid, 4,4 "-terphenyl dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenylmethane dicarboxylic acid,
- dicarboxylic acid containing a heterocyclic ring examples include 1,5- (9-oxofluorene) dicarboxylic acid, 3,4-furandicarboxylic acid, 4,5-thiazole dicarboxylic acid, 2-phenyl-4,5-thiazole dicarboxylic acid, 1,2,5-thiadiazole-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, 1,2,5-oxadiazole-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 2, Examples include 5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 3,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, and 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.
- dicarboxylic acids may be acid dihalides or anhydrous structures. These dicarboxylic acids are preferably dicarboxylic acids that can give a polyamide having a linear structure, from the viewpoint of maintaining the orientation of liquid crystal molecules.
- terephthalic acid isoterephthalic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-diphenylmethanedicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-diphenylethanedicarboxylic acid, 4,4 '-Diphenylpropanedicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenylhexafluoropropanedicarboxylic acid, 2,2-bis (phenyl) propanedicarboxylic acid, 4,4 "-terphenyldicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2 , 5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid or these acid dihalides, etc.
- dicarboxylic acids used in the present invention are exemplified in the above exemplified compounds. It is not limited.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above formula (3) other tetracarboxylic acids and tetracarboxylic acid derivatives, dicarboxylic acids, and the like are liquid crystal alignment properties, voltage holding ratios, accumulated charges, etc. when used as liquid crystal alignment films. Depending on the desired characteristics, one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds may be used.
- the reaction between the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component is usually carried out in an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent used at that time is not particularly limited as long as the generated polyimide precursor such as polyamic acid dissolves. Specific examples include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methylcaprolactam, dimethylsulfoxide, tetramethylurea, pyridine, dimethylsulfone, hexamethylsulfoxide, ⁇ - Butyrolactone, isopropyl alcohol, methoxymethylpentanol, dipentene, ethyl amyl ketone, methyl nonyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isoamyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, methyl cellosolve acetate, ethy
- the solution in which the diamine component is dispersed or dissolved in the organic solvent is stirred, and the tetracarboxylic acid component is dispersed or dissolved in the organic solvent as it is.
- a method of adding a diamine component to a solution obtained by dispersing or dissolving a tetracarboxylic acid component in an organic solvent a method of alternately adding a tetracarboxylic acid component and a diamine component, and the like. Any of these methods may be used.
- the polymerization temperature can be selected from -20 ° C to 150 ° C, but is preferably in the range of -5 ° C to 100 ° C.
- the reaction can be carried out at any concentration, but if the concentration is too low, it is difficult to obtain a high molecular weight polyimide precursor (and thus polyimide), and if the concentration is too high, the viscosity of the reaction solution becomes too high. Uniform stirring becomes difficult.
- the concentration of the total amount of the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass in the reaction solution.
- the initial stage of the reaction is carried out at a high concentration, and then an organic solvent can be added.
- the ratio of the total number of moles of the diamine component to the total number of moles of the tetracarboxylic acid component is preferably 0.8 to 1.2. Similar to a normal polycondensation reaction, the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor produced increases as the molar ratio approaches 1.0.
- the polyamic acid ester can be obtained by reacting the tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride with the diamine component as described above, or reacting the tetracarboxylic acid diester with the diamine component in the presence of an appropriate condensing agent or base. it can. Alternatively, it can also be obtained by previously synthesizing a polyamic acid by the above method and esterifying the carboxyl group of the polyamic acid using a polymer reaction.
- tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride and a diamine component in the presence of a base and an organic solvent at ⁇ 20 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to 50 ° C., for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 1
- a polyamic acid ester By reacting for 4 to 4 hours, a polyamic acid ester can be synthesized.
- pyridine triethylamine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine can be used, but pyridine is preferable because the reaction proceeds gently.
- the addition amount of the base is preferably 2 to 4 times the molar amount of the tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride from the viewpoint of easy removal and high molecular weight.
- the reaction proceeds efficiently by adding Lewis acid as an additive.
- Lewis acid lithium halides such as lithium chloride and lithium bromide are preferable.
- the addition amount of the Lewis acid is preferably 0.1 to 1.0 times the molar amount of the diamine or tetracarboxylic acid diester to be reacted.
- the solvent used in the above reaction can be the same solvent as that used in the synthesis of the polyamic acid shown above.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -Butyrolactone is preferred, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the concentration at the time of synthesis is such that in the reaction solution of a tetracarboxylic acid derivative such as tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride or tetracarboxylic acid diester and a diamine component, from the viewpoint that polymer precipitation is difficult to occur and a high molecular weight product is easily obtained.
- the total concentration is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 20% by mass.
- the solvent used for the synthesis of the polyamic acid ester is preferably dehydrated as much as possible, and it is preferable to prevent mixing of outside air in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the polyimide precursor thus polymerized is, for example, a polymer having a repeating unit represented by the following formula [a].
- R 11 is a tetravalent organic group derived from the raw material tetracarboxylic acid component
- R 12 is a divalent organic group derived from the raw material diamine component
- a 11 and A 12 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different
- j represents a positive integer.
- each of R 11 and R 12 may be one type and a polymer having the same repeating unit, or R 11 and R 12 may be a plurality of types and a polymer having a repeating unit having a different structure. But you can.
- R 11 is a group derived from a tetracarboxylic acid component represented by the following formula [c] or the like which is a raw material.
- R 12 is a group derived from a diamine component represented by the following formula [b] or the like as a raw material, for example, R 12 is a group derived from a diamine represented by the above formula (1), —C 6 H 4 -X 1 -X 2 -X 3 -X 4 -X 5 -C 6 H 4 - is.
- polyimide is obtained by dehydrating and ring-closing such a polyimide precursor.
- Examples of the method for imidizing the polyimide precursor include thermal imidization in which the polyimide precursor solution is heated as it is or catalytic imidization in which a catalyst is added to the polyimide precursor solution.
- the temperature is 100 ° C. to 400 ° C., preferably 120 ° C. to 250 ° C., and it is preferable to carry out while removing water generated by the imidation reaction from the system.
- the catalyst imidation of the polyimide precursor can be performed by adding a basic catalyst and an acid anhydride to the polyimide precursor solution and stirring at -20 to 250 ° C, preferably 0 to 180 ° C.
- the amount of the basic catalyst is 0.5 to 30 mol times, preferably 2 to 20 mol times of the amic acid group, and the amount of the acid anhydride is 1 to 50 mol times, preferably 3 to 30 mol of the amido acid group. Is double.
- the basic catalyst include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, and trioctylamine. Among them, pyridine is preferable because it has a basicity appropriate for advancing the reaction.
- Examples of the acid anhydride include acetic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, and the like. Among them, use of acetic anhydride is preferable because purification after completion of the reaction is facilitated.
- the imidization rate by catalytic imidation can be controlled by adjusting the amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, and reaction time.
- the polyimide precursor or polyimide that has been deposited in a solvent and collected can be collected by filtration, and then dried at normal temperature or under reduced pressure at room temperature or by heating. Further, by repeating the steps of re-dissolving and recovering the precipitated and recovered polyimide precursor and polyimide in an organic solvent 2 to 10 times, impurities in the polyimide precursor and polyimide can be reduced.
- the solvent at this time include alcohols, ketones, and hydrocarbons, and it is preferable to use three or more kinds of solvents selected from these because purification efficiency is further increased.
- the dehydration cyclization rate (imidation rate) of the amic acid group of the polyimide does not necessarily need to be 100%, and can be arbitrarily selected in the range of 0% to 100% depending on the application and purpose. % Is preferred.
- Polyamide can be synthesized in the same manner as the polyamic acid ester.
- the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor, polyimide or polyamide of the present invention is determined by GPC (Gel) in consideration of the strength of the resulting polymer film (liquid crystal alignment film), workability when forming the polymer film, and uniformity of the polymer film.
- the weight average molecular weight measured by the Permeation Chromatography method is preferably 5,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 10,000 to 150,000.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains a polyimide precursor such as the polyamic acid or polyamic acid ester, polyimide or polyamide.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent is a solution for forming a liquid crystal aligning film, and is a solution in which a polymer component for forming a liquid crystal aligning film is dispersed or dissolved in an organic solvent.
- the liquid crystal alignment film is a film for aligning liquid crystals in a predetermined direction.
- the said polymer component contains at least 1 type selected from polyimide precursors, such as the said polyamic acid of this invention, polyamic acid ester, a polyimide, and polyamide.
- all of the polymer components contained may be polyimide precursors such as the polyamic acid and polyamic acid ester of the present invention, polyimide or polyamide, and the polyamic acid of the present invention.
- Other polymers may be mixed with a polyimide precursor such as polyamic acid ester, polyimide or polyamide.
- the content of the other polymer in the total amount of the polymer component is 0.5% by mass to 50% by mass, preferably 1% by mass to 30% by mass.
- a diamine other than the diamine represented by the above formula (1) of the present invention is used as a diamine component to be reacted with a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component or a dicarboxylic acid.
- polyimide precursor, polyimide, polyamide and the like obtained.
- polymers other than a polyimide precursor, polyimide, and polyamide, specifically, an acrylic polymer, a methacrylic polymer, or polystyrene are also included.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention at least one selected from polyimide precursors such as the polyamic acid and polyamic acid ester of the present invention, polyimide and polyamide, and the content of other polymers to be mixed as required are
- the total amount of the polymer components is preferably 1% by mass to 20% by mass, more preferably 3% by mass to 15% by mass, and particularly preferably 3% by mass to 10% by mass.
- the solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is an organic solvent that dissolves a polymer component such as the polyimide precursor, polyimide, or polyamide of the present invention.
- a polymer component such as the polyimide precursor, polyimide, or polyamide of the present invention.
- Specific examples thereof include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methylcaprolactam, 2-pyrrolidone, N-ethylpyrrolidone, N-vinylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetra Methylurea, pyridine, dimethylsulfone, hexamethylsulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-ethoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-butoxy-N, N-dimethylpropane Amides
- an organic solvent also called a poor solvent
- a compound may be contained. Furthermore, you may contain the compound etc. which improve the adhesiveness of a liquid crystal aligning film and a board
- poor solvents that improve film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness include isopropyl alcohol, methoxymethylpentanol, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, methyl cellosolve acetate, ethyl cellosolve acetate, butyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol Thor, ethyl carbitol acetate, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monoacetate, ethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol, propylene glycol monoacetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol-tert-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl Ether, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoa Tate, Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, Dipropylene glycol monoacetate monomethyl ether, Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, Dipropylene glycol mono
- These poor solvents may be used alone or in combination.
- the above solvent it is preferably 5 to 80% by mass, more preferably 20 to 60% by mass based on the total amount of the solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- Examples of compounds that improve film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness include fluorine-based surfactants, silicone-based surfactants, and nonionic surfactants. More specifically, for example, F-top EF301, EF303, EF352 (manufactured by Tochem Products), MegaFuck F171, F173, R-30 (manufactured by Dainippon Ink), Florard FC430, FC431 (manufactured by Sumitomo 3M), Asahi Guard Examples include AG710, Surflon S-382, SC101, SC102, SC103, SC104, SC105, SC106 (manufactured by Asahi Glass). The use ratio of these surfactants is preferably 0.01 to 2 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. .
- Examples of the compound for improving the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate include a functional silane-containing compound and an epoxy group-containing compound.
- a functional silane-containing compound and an epoxy group-containing compound For example, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 2-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3- Ureidopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane, N-ethoxycarbonyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-ethoxycarbonyl
- the amount used is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. Is 1 to 20 parts by mass. If the amount used is less than 0.1 parts by mass, the effect of improving the adhesion cannot be expected, and if it exceeds 30 parts by mass, the orientation of the liquid crystal may deteriorate.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may be a dielectric or conductive material for the purpose of changing the electrical properties such as the dielectric constant and conductivity of the liquid crystal aligning film as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- a crosslinkable compound for the purpose of increasing the hardness and density of the liquid crystal alignment film may be added.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can be used as a liquid crystal aligning film after being applied and fired on a substrate and then subjected to an alignment treatment by rubbing treatment or light irradiation (radiation irradiation) as necessary.
- a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is formed of a polyimide precursor, polyimide, or polyamide using the diamine represented by the above formula (1) as a raw material, so that the liquid crystal alignment performance by AC driving is difficult to change. is there.
- the substrate is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate.
- a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate or a polycarbonate substrate can also be used.
- ITO Indium Tin Oxide
- an opaque substrate such as a silicon wafer can be used if only one substrate is used, and a material that reflects light such as aluminum can be used as an electrode in this case.
- a high-performance element such as a TFT type element, an element in which an element such as a transistor is formed between an electrode for driving a liquid crystal and a substrate is used.
- the method for applying the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited, but industrially, a method performed by screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, an inkjet method, or the like is common.
- Other coating methods include a dipping method, a roll coater method, a slit coater method, a spinner method, and a spray method, and these may be used depending on the purpose.
- the liquid crystal alignment is performed by evaporating the solvent at 50 to 300 ° C., preferably 80 to 250 ° C., by a heating means such as a hot plate, a thermal circulation oven or an IR (infrared) oven.
- a heating means such as a hot plate, a thermal circulation oven or an IR (infrared) oven.
- a film polymer film
- the thickness of the liquid crystal alignment film after baking is too thick, it is disadvantageous in terms of power consumption of the liquid crystal display element, and if it is too thin, the reliability of the liquid crystal display element may be lowered. Is 10 to 100 nm.
- the liquid crystal When the liquid crystal is aligned horizontally or tilted, the liquid crystal can be aligned by treating the baked liquid crystal alignment film with rubbing or irradiation with polarized ultraviolet rays. For example, by irradiating light such as polarized ultraviolet rays, the photoreactive group derived from the diamine represented by the formula (1) undergoes a dimerization reaction, and the liquid crystal can be aligned with the anisotropy generated thereby.
- polarized ultraviolet rays For example, by irradiating light such as polarized ultraviolet rays, the photoreactive group derived from the diamine represented by the formula (1) undergoes a dimerization reaction, and the liquid crystal can be aligned with the anisotropy generated thereby.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is a liquid crystal display element obtained by obtaining a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film from the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention by the method described above, and then producing a liquid crystal cell by a known method.
- the two substrates disposed so as to face each other, the liquid crystal layer provided between the substrates, and the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention provided between the substrate and the liquid crystal layer.
- a liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal cell having a liquid crystal alignment film.
- liquid crystal display element of the present invention horizontal alignment (IPS: In-Plane Switching) method, twisted nematic (TN) method, OCB alignment (OCB: Optically Compensated Bend), vertical alignment (VA: There are various types such as a vertical alignment method. Note that the liquid crystal alignment film only needs to be provided on at least one of the two substrates.
- the substrate used in the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, but is usually a substrate on which a transparent electrode for driving liquid crystal is formed.
- a substrate on which a transparent electrode for driving liquid crystal is formed.
- substrate described with the said liquid crystal aligning film can be mentioned.
- the liquid crystal alignment film is formed by applying the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention on this substrate and baking it, and irradiating with radiation such as rubbing treatment or polarized ultraviolet rays as necessary. As described above.
- the liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is not particularly limited, and a positive liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy or a negative liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy can be used.
- a liquid crystal material used in a conventional horizontal alignment method for example, MLC-2041 manufactured by Merck Ltd. can be used.
- a pair of substrates on which a liquid crystal alignment film is formed is prepared, spacers such as beads are dispersed on the liquid crystal alignment film of one substrate, and the liquid crystal alignment film surface is on the inside.
- the other substrate is bonded and the liquid crystal is injected under reduced pressure to seal, or the liquid crystal is dropped on the liquid crystal alignment film surface on which the spacers are dispersed and then the substrate is bonded and sealed.
- the thickness of the spacer at this time is preferably 1 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 10 ⁇ m.
- a polarizing plate is disposed outside the substrate.
- the liquid crystal display device manufactured using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has a liquid crystal alignment film in which the change in the liquid crystal alignment performance due to AC driving is suppressed, and thus has excellent afterimage characteristics and image sticking.
- the liquid crystal display element is less likely to cause display defects and contrast deterioration.
- CBDA 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride
- BODA bicyclo [3,3,0] octane-2,4,6,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride
- NMP N-methyl-2 -Pyrrolidone
- BCS Butyl cellosolv DA-1: Diamine represented by the following formula
- Standard sample for preparing a calibration curve TSK standard polyethylene oxide (molecular weight of about 900,000, 150,000, 100,000, 30,000) manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, and polyethylene glycol (manufactured by Polymer Laboratories) Molecular weight about 12,000, 4,000, 1,000).
- terephthalaldehyde [A] (40.00 g, 298 mmol), pyridine (46 g) and piperidine (7.0 g) were added, and the reaction solution was heated to 100 ° C. with stirring.
- a pyridine solution (500 g) of malonic acid [B] (140.0 g, 1.34 mol) was added dropwise thereto.
- HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
- compound [C] (30.00 g, 138 mmol), 4-nitrophenol [D] (42.08 g, 303 mmol), 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) Carbodiimide hydrochloride (hereinafter abbreviated as EDC) (68.53 g, 358 mmol), 4-N, N-dimethylaminopyridine (hereinafter abbreviated as DMAP) (3.56 g, 27.5 mmol), tetrahydrofuran (hereinafter referred to as THF) (Omitted) (600 g) was added and stirred at 23 ° C.
- EDC 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) Carbodiimide hydrochloride
- DMAP 4-N, N-dimethylaminopyridine
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- the starting material was changed to compound [S] and 3-nitrophenol [R], and the same operation as in Synthesis Example 7 was performed to obtain dinitro compound [T].
- the obtained dinitro compound [T] was used as a starting compound, and the same operation as in Synthesis Example 7 was performed to obtain diamine [10] (yield: 22 g).
- the 1 H-NMR measurement result of the obtained diamine [10] is shown below.
- the starting material was changed to compound [S] and 4-nitrophenol [D], and the same operation as in Synthesis Example 7 was performed to obtain dinitro compound [U].
- the same operation as in Synthesis Example 7 was performed to obtain diamine [11] (yield: 22 g).
- the 1 H-NMR measurement result of the obtained diamine [11] is shown below.
- NMP (32.3 g) was added to diamine [5] (7.06 g, 25.0 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for complete dissolution, and then CBDA (4.51 g, 23.0 mmol) and NMP (33. 2 g) was added and reacted at room temperature for 10 hours to obtain a polyamic acid solution.
- NMP (40.0g) and BCS (20.0g) were added to this polyamic acid solution (40g), and it stirred at room temperature for 5 hours, and obtained liquid crystal aligning agent A5.
- the number average molecular weight of this polyamic acid was 10500, and the weight average molecular weight was 57000.
- NMP (4.9 g) was added to diamine [6] (1.18 g, 3.0 mmol), and after stirring at room temperature for complete dissolution, CBDA (0.53 g, 2.7 mmol) and NMP (4. 9 g) was added and reacted at room temperature for 10 hours to obtain a polyamic acid solution.
- the number average molecular weight of this polyamic acid was 8800, and the weight average molecular weight was 35000.
- NMP (5.6 g) was added to diamine [7] (1.14 g, 4.5 mmol) and stirred at room temperature for complete dissolution, and then CBDA (0.83 g, 4.2 mmol) and NMP (5. 6 g) was added and reacted at room temperature for 10 hours to obtain a polyamic acid solution.
- the number average molecular weight of this polyamic acid was 13800, and the weight average molecular weight was 35500.
- NMP (33.3 g) was added to diamine [8] (4.00 g, 10.0 mmol), stirred at room temperature for complete dissolution, and then CBDA (1.86 g, 9.5 mmol) was added at room temperature. The mixture was reacted for 10 hours to obtain a polyamic acid solution. NMP (10.0 g) and BCS (5.0 g) were added to this polyamic acid solution (10 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours to obtain liquid crystal aligning agent A8. The number average molecular weight of this polyamic acid was 8000, and the weight average molecular weight was 21,200.
- NMP (25.0 g) was added to diamine [11] (2.54 g, 10.0 mmol), stirred at room temperature for complete dissolution, and then CBDA (1.86 g, 9.5 mmol) was added at room temperature. The mixture was reacted for 10 hours to obtain a polyamic acid solution. NMP (10.0g) and BCS (5.0g) were added to this polyamic acid solution (10g), and it stirred at room temperature for 5 hours, and obtained liquid crystal aligning agent A11. The number average molecular weight of this polyamic acid was 7600, and the weight average molecular weight was 18,600.
- NMP (13.9 g) was added to diamine [9] (2.54 g, 10.0 mmol), and after stirring at room temperature for complete dissolution, BODA (2.38 g, 9.5 mmol) and NMP (13. 9 g) was added and reacted at 80 ° C. for 10 hours to obtain a polyamic acid solution.
- NMP (10.0g) and BCS (5.0g) were added to this polyamic acid solution (10g), and it stirred at room temperature for 5 hours, and obtained liquid crystal aligning agent A13.
- the number average molecular weight of this polyamic acid was 6200, and the weight average molecular weight was 14900.
- NMP (14.2 g) was added to diamine [10] (2.54 g, 10.0 mmol), and after stirring at room temperature for complete dissolution, BODA (2.45 g, 9.8 mmol) and NMP (14. 2 g) was added and reacted at 80 ° C. for 10 hours to obtain a polyamic acid solution.
- NMP (10.0g) and BCS (5.0g) were added to this polyamic acid solution (10g), and it stirred at room temperature for 5 hours, and obtained liquid crystal aligning agent A14.
- the number average molecular weight of this polyamic acid was 4200, and the weight average molecular weight was 8,000.
- NMP (14.2 g) was added to diamine [11] (2.54 g, 10.0 mmol) and stirred at room temperature for complete dissolution, and then BODA (2.45 g, 9.8 mmol) and NMP (14. 2 g) was added and reacted at 80 ° C. for 10 hours to obtain a polyamic acid solution.
- NMP (10.0g) and BCS (5.0g) were added to this polyamic acid solution (10g), and it stirred at room temperature for 5 hours, and obtained liquid crystal aligning agent A15.
- the number average molecular weight of this polyamic acid was 5700, and the weight average molecular weight was 12100.
- Example 1 Using the liquid crystal aligning agent A1, a liquid crystal cell was produced according to the procedure shown below.
- the substrate used was a glass substrate having a size of 30 mm ⁇ 40 mm and a thickness of 0.7 mm, on which comb-like pixel electrodes formed by patterning an ITO film were arranged.
- the pixel electrode has a comb-like shape configured by arranging a plurality of dog-shaped electrode elements whose central portion is bent. The width in the short direction of each electrode element is 3 ⁇ m, and the distance between the electrode elements is 6 ⁇ m.
- the pixel electrode forming each pixel is configured by arranging a plurality of dog-shaped electrode elements whose central part is bent, so that the shape of each pixel is not rectangular, and is similar to the electrode element in the central part. It has a shape that bends and resembles a bold-faced koji.
- Each pixel is divided into upper and lower portions with a central bent portion as a boundary, and has a first region on the upper side of the bent portion and a second region on the lower side. When the first region and the second region of each pixel are compared, the formation directions of the electrode elements of the pixel electrodes constituting them are different.
- the electrode element of the pixel electrode is formed to form an angle of + 10 ° (clockwise) in the first region of the pixel, and in the second region of the pixel.
- the electrode elements of the pixel electrode are formed at an angle of ⁇ 10 ° (counterclockwise). That is, in the first region and the second region of each pixel, the directions of the rotation operation (in-plane switching) of the liquid crystal induced by the voltage application between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode are mutually in the substrate plane. It is comprised so that it may become a reverse direction.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent A1 was spin-coated on the prepared substrate with electrodes. Subsequently, after drying for 60 seconds with a 90 degreeC hotplate, it baked for 30 minutes with a 200 degreeC hot-air circulation type oven, and formed the liquid crystal aligning film with a film thickness of 100 nm. Next, the substrate was placed on a hot plate at 240 ° C., and the surface of the liquid crystal alignment film was irradiated with 313 nm ultraviolet rays at 20 mJ / cm 2 via a polarizing plate to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film. In addition, a liquid crystal alignment film was formed using a liquid crystal aligning agent A1 on a glass substrate having a columnar spacer with a height of 4 ⁇ m on which no electrode was formed as a counter substrate, and subjected to alignment treatment.
- a sealant (XN-1500T manufactured by Kyoritsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was printed on the liquid crystal alignment film of one substrate. Next, the other substrate was bonded so that the liquid crystal alignment film faces each other and the alignment direction was 0 °, and then the sealing agent was cured to produce an empty cell. Liquid crystal MLC-2041 (manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.) was injected into this empty cell by a reduced pressure injection method, the injection port was sealed, and a liquid crystal cell having an IPS (In-Plane Switching) mode liquid crystal display element configuration (IPS mode liquid crystal cell) was obtained.
- IPS In-Plane Switching
- the IPS mode liquid crystal cell obtained above is placed between two polarizing plates arranged so that the polarization axes are orthogonal to each other, the light source is turned on with no voltage applied, and the transmitted light has the highest luminance.
- the arrangement angle of the liquid crystal cell was adjusted so as to be small.
- the rotation angle (alignment azimuth angle) when the liquid crystal cell was rotated from the angle at which the second region of the pixel was darkest to the angle at which the first region was darkest was calculated as the initial alignment azimuth.
- an AC voltage of 8 V PP was applied for 24 hours at a frequency of 30 Hz in a room temperature environment.
- Example 2 Except for using the liquid crystal aligning agent A2 instead of the liquid crystal aligning agent A1, the same operations as in Example 1 were performed to evaluate the liquid crystal alignment performance and the afterimage evaluation.
- Example 3 Except for using the liquid crystal aligning agent A3 instead of the liquid crystal aligning agent A1, the same operations as in Example 1 were performed to evaluate the liquid crystal aligning performance and the afterimage.
- Example 4 Except for using the liquid crystal aligning agent A4 instead of the liquid crystal aligning agent A1, the same operations as in Example 1 were performed to evaluate the liquid crystal aligning performance and the afterimage evaluation.
- Example 5 Except for using the liquid crystal aligning agent A5 instead of the liquid crystal aligning agent A1, the same operations as in Example 1 were performed to perform the liquid crystal alignment performance evaluation and the afterimage evaluation.
- Example 6 Except for using the liquid crystal aligning agent A7 instead of the liquid crystal aligning agent A1, the same operations as in Example 1 were performed to evaluate the liquid crystal aligning performance and the afterimage evaluation.
- Example 7 Except for using the liquid crystal aligning agent A8 in place of the liquid crystal aligning agent A1, the same operations as in Example 1 were performed to evaluate the liquid crystal aligning performance and the afterimage.
- Example 8 Except for using the liquid crystal aligning agent A9 in place of the liquid crystal aligning agent A1, the same operations as in Example 1 were performed, and the liquid crystal alignment performance evaluation and the afterimage evaluation were performed.
- Example 9 Except for using the liquid crystal aligning agent A10 in place of the liquid crystal aligning agent A1, the same operations as in Example 1 were performed to evaluate the liquid crystal aligning performance and the afterimage.
- Example 10 Except for using the liquid crystal aligning agent A11 in place of the liquid crystal aligning agent A1, the same operations as in Example 1 were performed to evaluate the liquid crystal aligning performance and the afterimage.
- Example 11 Except for using the liquid crystal aligning agent A12 in place of the liquid crystal aligning agent A1, the same operations as in Example 1 were performed to evaluate the liquid crystal aligning performance and the afterimage.
- Example 12 Except for using the liquid crystal aligning agent A13 in place of the liquid crystal aligning agent A1, the same operations as in Example 1 were performed, and the liquid crystal alignment performance evaluation and the afterimage evaluation were performed.
- Example 13 Except for using the liquid crystal aligning agent A14 in place of the liquid crystal aligning agent A1, the same operations as in Example 1 were performed, and the liquid crystal alignment performance evaluation and the afterimage evaluation were performed.
- Example 14 Except for using the liquid crystal aligning agent A15 in place of the liquid crystal aligning agent A1, the same operations as in Example 1 were performed to evaluate the liquid crystal aligning performance and the afterimage evaluation.
- Example 1 Except for using the liquid crystal aligning agent B1 instead of the liquid crystal aligning agent A1, the same operations as in Example 1 were performed to evaluate the liquid crystal aligning performance and the afterimage.
- the diamine represented by the above formula (1) is used as a raw material in the main chain skeleton of the polyimide polymer, regardless of the low temperature and short time measurement conditions of 24 hours at room temperature. It can be seen that in Examples 1 to 6 in which the photoreactive group is introduced, the difference in orientation azimuth before and after AC driving is small and the afterimage characteristics are remarkably improved as compared with Comparative Example 1. Also. In Examples 1 to 6, the liquid crystal orientation was also good. In Examples 7 to 11 using various diamines and Examples 12 to 14 using BODA as the acid dianhydride, the afterimage characteristics are significantly higher than those of Comparative Example 1 using a side chain diamine. It was found that the liquid crystal alignment performance was improved.
- the photoreactive material using the main chain type diamine is superior to the liquid crystal alignment regulating ability than the side chain type diamine. Therefore, by using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention, a liquid crystal alignment film excellent in liquid crystal alignment and afterimage characteristics can be obtained. And since the liquid crystal display element which has the liquid crystal aligning film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention is excellent in liquid crystal aligning property and an afterimage characteristic, it is set as a liquid crystal display device which a display defect, a contrast fall, and a burning hardly occur. be able to.
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Abstract
Description
1. 下記式(1)で表されることを特徴とするジアミン。
本発明のジアミンは、上記式(1)で表されるジアミンである。なお、式(1)において、シンナモイル基とは、下記式で表される構造である。
脂肪族テトラカルボン酸ジエステルの具体的な例としては1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステル、1,2-ジメチル-1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステル、1,3-ジメチル-1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステル、1,2,3,4-テトラメチル-1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステル、1,2,3,4-シクロペンタンテトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステル、2,3,4,5-テトラヒドロフランテトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステル、1,2,4,5-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステル、3,4-ジカルボキシ-1-シクロヘキシルコハク酸ジアルキルエステル、3,4-ジカルボキシ-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-1-ナフタレンコハク酸ジアルキルエステル、1,2,3,4-ブタンテトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステル、ビシクロ[3,3,0]オクタン-2,4,6,8-テトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステル、3,3’,4,4’-ジシクロヘキシルテトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステル、2,3,5-トリカルボキシシクロペンチル酢酸ジアルキルエステル、シス-3,7-ジブチルシクロオクタ-1,5-ジエン-1,2,5,6-テトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステル、トリシクロ[4.2.1.02,5]ノナン-3,4,7,8-テトラカルボン酸-3,4:7,8-ジアルキルエステル、ヘキサシクロ[6.6.0.12,7.03,6.19,14.010,13]ヘキサデカン-4,5,11,12-テトラカルボン酸-4,5:11,12-ジアルキルエステル、4-(2,5-ジオキソテトラヒドロフラン-3-イル)-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロナフタレンー1,2-ジカルボンジアルキルエステルなどが挙げられる。
本実施例で用いた略号は以下のとおりである。
CBDA:1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物
BODA:ビシクロ[3,3,0]オクタン-2,4,6,8-テトラカルボン酸二無水物
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ
DA-1:下記式で表されるジアミン
合成例における1H-NMRの測定条件は、以下の通りである。
装置:フーリエ変換型超伝導核磁気共鳴装置(FT-NMR)INOVA-400(Varian製)400MHz
溶媒:重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6)、重水素化クロロホルム(CDCl3)
標準物質:テトラメチルシラン(TMS)
また、ポリマー(ポリアミック酸等)の分子量測定条件は、以下の通りである。
装置:センシュー科学社製 常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)装置(SSC-7200)、
カラム:Shodex社製カラム(KD-803、KD-805)
カラム温度:50℃
溶離液:N,N’-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム-水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10ml/L)
流速:1.0ml/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:東ソー社製 TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量約900,000、150,000、100,000、30,000)、および、ポリマーラボラトリー社製 ポリエチレングリコール(分子量 約12,000、4,000、1,000)。
(合成例1)ジアミン[1]((E,E)-Bis-(4’-aminophenyl) 1,4-benzenediacrylate)の合成
1H-NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6, δppm):12.4(2H, brs), 7.74(4H, s), 7.60(2H, d), 6.61(2H, d).
1H-NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6, δppm):8.36-8.31(4H, m), 7.92(2H, d), 7.68(4H, s), 7.40-7.37(4H, m), 6.70(2H, d).
1H-NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6, δppm):7.83(4H, s), 7.79(2H, d), 6.89(2H, d), 6.81-6.78(4H, m), 6.56-6.53(4H, m), 5.04(4H, brs).
1H-NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6, δppm):7.66(2H, d), 7.73(4H, s), 7.60(2H, d), 6.90-6.88(4H, m), 6.66(2H, d), 6.45-6.46(4H, m), 4.88(4H, brs), 4.21(4H, t), 2.75(4H, t).
1H-NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6, δppm):12.4(2H, brs), 8.07(1H, s), 7.72(2H, dd), 7.61(2H, d), 7.46(1H, t).
1H-NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6, δppm):8.37(1H, s), 8.32-8.29(4H, m), 7.92(2H, d), 7.88(2H, dd), 7.56-7.51(5H, m), 7.08(2H, d).
1H-NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6, δppm):8.27(1H, s), 7.82-7.77(4H, m), 7.49(1H, t), 6.96(2H, d), 6.82-6.78(4H, m), 6.56-6.53(4H, m), 5.04(4H, brs).
1H-NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6, δppm):8.17-8.14(4H, m), 8.11(1H, s), 7.70(2H, dd), 7.62(1H, s), 7.59-7.56(5H, m), 7.42(1H, t), 6.71(2H, d), 4.41(4H, t), 3.10(4H, t).
1H-NMR(400MHz, CDCl3, δppm):7.66(2H, d), 7.63(1H, s), 7.54-7.39(1H, m), 7.07-7.04(4H, m), 6.68-6.65(4H, m), 6.45(2H, d), 5.04(4H, brs), 4.37(4H, t), 2.91(4H, t).
1H-NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6, δppm):7.46(1H, d), 7.37 (2H, d), 6.92(2H, d), 6.56-6.47(4H, m), 6.20(1H, d), 5.78(2H,s), 4.89(2H,s), 4.18(2H,t), 2.74(2H, t).
1H-NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6, δppm):7.47(2H,d), 7.36(4H,d), 6.55(4H,d), 6.22(2H,d), 5.76(4H,s), 4.10(4H,t), 1.99-1.63(4H, m), 1.46-1.40(2H,m).
1H-NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6, δppm):7.60(1H,d), 7.43(2H,d), 6.78(2H,d), 6.77-6.36(4H,m), 6.10(1H,d), 5.85(2H,s), 5.02(2H,s).
1H-NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6, δppm):8.37(1H, s), 8.15-8.13(4H, m), 7.94-7.87(4H, m), 7.74-7.72(4H, m), 7.54(1H, t), 7.07(2H, d).
1H-NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6, δppm):8.32(1H, s), 7.83-7.79(4H, m), 7.50(1H, t), 7.03-6.97(4H, m), 6.44-6.41(2H, m), 6.33-6.32(2H, m), 6.28-6.25(2H, m), 5.27(4H, brs).
1H-NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6, δppm):7.62(1H,d), 7.45(2H,d), 7.01(1H, t), 6.58(1H,d), 6.44(1H,s), 6.42(1H,d), 6.31(1H,d), 6.25(1H,d), 5.86(2H,s), 5.25(2H,s)
1H-NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6, δppm):7.60(1H,d), 7.10(1H,t), 6.90(1H,d),6.88(1H,s),6.83(2H,dt),6.68(1H,d), 6.63(1H,d), 6.59(2H,dt), 5.23(2H,s), 5.06(2H,s)
1H-NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6, δppm):7.64(1H,d), 7.10(1H,t),7.04(1H,t), 6.92-6.88(2H,m), 6.67(1H,d),6.60(1H,d),6.46(1H,d),6.44-6.34(1H,m),6.30-6.27(1H,m),5.25(2H,s),5.23(2H,s)
1H-NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6, δppm) 8.25-8.23(4H,d),8.05-8.02(4H,d), 7.80(2H,d), 6.92(2H,d), 5.76(4H,s), 4.40(4H,s)
特表2001-517719号公報の実施例1に従って、ジアミンDA-1を合成した。
(液晶配向剤A1の作製)
ジアミン[1](1.20g、3.0mmol)にNMP(5.0g)を加え、室温で撹拌して完全に溶解させたのち、CBDA(0.53g、2.8mmol)とNMP(5.0g)を加え、室温で10時間反応させ、ポリアミック酸溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液(10g)にNMP(10.0g)およびBCS(5.0g)を加え、室温にて5時間攪拌することにより、液晶配向剤A1を得た。このポリアミック酸の数平均分子量は6000、重量平均分子量は10500であった。
ジアミン[2](1.37g、3.0mmol)にNMP(5.4g)を加え、室温で撹拌して完全に溶解させたのち、CBDA(0.55g、2.8mmol)とNMP(5.4g)を加え、室温で10時間反応させ、ポリアミック酸溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液(10g)にNMP(10.0g)およびBCS(5.0g)を加え、室温にて5時間攪拌することにより、液晶配向剤A2を得た。このポリアミック酸の数平均分子量は3800、重量平均分子量は5000であった。
ジアミン[3](1.20g、3.0mmol)にNMP(5.0g)を加え、室温で撹拌して完全に溶解させたのち、CBDA(0.55g、2.8mmol)とNMP(5.0g)を加え、室温で10時間反応させ、ポリアミック酸溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液(10g)にNMP(10.0g)およびBCS(5.0g)を加え、室温にて5時間攪拌することにより液晶配向剤A3を得た。このポリアミック酸の数平均分子量は8100、重量平均分子量は16000であった。
ジアミン[4](1.37g、3.0mmol)にNMP(5.4g)を加え、室温で撹拌して完全に溶解させたのち、CBDA(0.55g、2.8mmol)とNMP(5.4g)を加え、室温で10時間反応させ、ポリアミック酸溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液(10g)にNMP(10.0g)およびBCS(5.0g)を加え、室温にて5時間攪拌することにより、液晶配向剤A4を得た。このポリアミック酸の数平均分子量は5200、重量平均分子量は7600であった。
ジアミン[5](7.06g、25.0mmol)にNMP(32.3g)を加え、室温で撹拌して完全に溶解させたのち、CBDA(4.51g、23.0mmol)とNMP(33.2g)を加え、室温で10時間反応させ、ポリアミック酸溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液(40g)にNMP(40.0g)およびBCS(20.0g)を加え、室温にて5時間攪拌することにより、液晶配向剤A5を得た。このポリアミック酸の数平均分子量は10500、重量平均分子量は57000であった。
ジアミン[6](1.18g、3.0mmol)にNMP(4.9g)を加え、室温で撹拌して完全に溶解させたのち、CBDA(0.53g、2.7mmol)とNMP(4.9g)を加え、室温で10時間反応させ、ポリアミック酸溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液(10g)にNMP(10.0g)およびBCS(5.0g)を加え、室温にて5時間攪拌することにより、液晶配向剤A6を得た。このポリアミック酸の数平均分子量は8800、重量平均分子量は35000であった。
ジアミン[7](1.14g、4.5mmol)にNMP(5.6g)を加え、室温で撹拌して完全に溶解させたのち、CBDA(0.83g、4.2mmol)とNMP(5.6g)を加え、室温で10時間反応させ、ポリアミック酸溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液(10g)にNMP(10.0g)およびBCS(5.0g)を加え、室温にて5時間攪拌することにより、液晶配向剤A7を得た。このポリアミック酸の数平均分子量は13800、重量平均分子量は35500であった。
ジアミン[8](4.00g、10.0mmol)にNMP(33.3g)を加え、室温で撹拌して完全に溶解させたのち、CBDA(1.86g、9.5mmol)を加え、室温で10時間反応させ、ポリアミック酸溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液(10g)にNMP(10.0g)およびBCS(5.0g)を加え、室温にて5時間攪拌することにより、液晶配向剤A8を得た。このポリアミック酸の数平均分子量は8000、重量平均分子量は21200であった。
ジアミン[9](2.54g、10.0mmol)にNMP(24.6g)を加え、室温で撹拌して完全に溶解させたのち、CBDA(1.80g、9.2mmol)を加え、室温で10時間反応させ、ポリアミック酸溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液(10g)にNMP(10.0g)およびBCS(5.0g)を加え、室温にて5時間攪拌することにより、液晶配向剤A9を得た。このポリアミック酸の数平均分子量は15900、重量平均分子量は43400であった。
ジアミン[10](2.54g、10.0mmol)にNMP(25.0g)を加え、室温で撹拌して完全に溶解させたのち、CBDA(1.86g、9.5mmol)を加え、室温で10時間反応させ、ポリアミック酸溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液(10g)にNMP(10.0g)およびBCS(5.0g)を加え、室温にて5時間攪拌することにより、液晶配向剤A10を得た。このポリアミック酸の数平均分子量は4300、重量平均分子量は7800であった。
ジアミン[11](2.54g、10.0mmol)にNMP(25.0g)を加え、室温で撹拌して完全に溶解させたのち、CBDA(1.86g、9.5mmol)を加え、室温で10時間反応させ、ポリアミック酸溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液(10g)にNMP(10.0g)およびBCS(5.0g)を加え、室温にて5時間攪拌することにより、液晶配向剤A11を得た。このポリアミック酸の数平均分子量は7600、重量平均分子量は18600であった。
ジアミン[12](3.52g、10.0mmol)にNMP(30.5g)を加え、室温で撹拌して完全に溶解させたのち、CBDA(1.86g、9.5mmol)を加え、室温で10時間反応させ、ポリアミック酸溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液(10g)にNMP(10.0g)およびBCS(5.0g)を加え、室温にて5時間攪拌することにより、液晶配向剤A12を得た。このポリアミック酸の数平均分子量は12100、重量平均分子量は32300であった。
ジアミン[9](2.54g、10.0mmol)にNMP(13.9g)を加え、室温で撹拌して完全に溶解させたのち、BODA(2.38g、9.5mmol)とNMP(13.9g)を加え、80℃で10時間反応させ、ポリアミック酸溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液(10g)にNMP(10.0g)およびBCS(5.0g)を加え、室温にて5時間攪拌することにより、液晶配向剤A13を得た。このポリアミック酸の数平均分子量は6200、重量平均分子量は14900であった。
ジアミン[10](2.54g、10.0mmol)にNMP(14.2g)を加え、室温で撹拌して完全に溶解させたのち、BODA(2.45g、9.8mmol)とNMP(14.2g)を加え、80℃で10時間反応させ、ポリアミック酸溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液(10g)にNMP(10.0g)およびBCS(5.0g)を加え、室温にて5時間攪拌することにより、液晶配向剤A14を得た。このポリアミック酸の数平均分子量は4200、重量平均分子量は8000であった。
ジアミン[11](2.54g、10.0mmol)にNMP(14.2g)を加え、室温で撹拌して完全に溶解させたのち、BODA(2.45g、9.8mmol)とNMP(14.2g)を加え、80℃で10時間反応させ、ポリアミック酸溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液(10g)にNMP(10.0g)およびBCS(5.0g)を加え、室温にて5時間攪拌することにより、液晶配向剤A15を得た。このポリアミック酸の数平均分子量は5700、重量平均分子量は12100であった。
DA-1(5.10g、14.0mmol)にNMP(22.0g)を加え、室温で撹拌して完全に溶解させたのち、CBDA(2.66g、13.6mmol)とNMP(22.0g)を加え、室温で5時間反応させ、ポリアミック酸溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液(40g)にNMP(40.0g)およびBCS(20.0g)を加え、室温にて5時間攪拌することにより、液晶配向剤B1を得た。このポリアミック酸の数平均分子量は6500、重量平均分子量は26000であった。
(実施例1)
液晶配向剤A1を用いて、下記に示す手順で液晶セルの作製を行った。
基板は、30mm×40mmの大きさで、厚さが0.7mmのガラス基板であり、ITO膜をパターニングして形成された櫛歯状の画素電極が配置されたものを用いた。画素電極は、中央部分が屈曲したくの字形状の電極要素を複数配列して構成された櫛歯状の形状を有する。各電極要素の短手方向の幅は3μmであり、電極要素間の間隔は6μmである。各画素を形成する画素電極は、中央部分が屈曲したくの字形状の電極要素を複数配列して構成されているため、各画素の形状は長方形状ではなく、電極要素と同様に中央部分で屈曲する、太字のくの字に似た形状を備える。そして、各画素は、その中央の屈曲部分を境にして上下に分割され、屈曲部分の上側の第1領域と下側の第2領域を有する。各画素の第1領域と第2領域とを比較すると、それらを構成する画素電極の電極要素の形成方向が異なるものとなっている。すなわち、後述する液晶配向膜の配向処理方向を基準とした場合、画素の第1領域では画素電極の電極要素が+10°の角度(時計回り)をなすように形成され、画素の第2領域では画素電極の電極要素が-10°の角度(反時計回り)をなすように形成されている。すなわち、各画素の第1領域と第2領域とでは、画素電極と対向電極との間の電圧印加によって誘起される液晶の、基板面内での回転動作(インプレーン・スイッチング)の方向が互いに逆方向となるように構成されている。
上記で得られたIPSモード用液晶セルの配向状態を偏光顕微鏡にて観察し、配向欠陥がないものを「良好」、配向欠陥があるものは「不良」とした。結果を表1に示す。
上記で得られたIPSモード用液晶セルを、偏光軸が直交するように配置された2枚の偏光板の間に設置し、電圧無印加の状態で光源を点灯させておき、透過光の輝度が最も小さくなるように液晶セルの配置角度を調整した。そして、画素の第2領域が最も暗くなる角度から第1領域が最も暗くなる角度まで液晶セルを回転させたときの回転角度(配向方位角)を初期配向方位角として算出した。次いで、室温環境下、周波数30Hzで8VPPの交流電圧を24時間印加した。その後、液晶セルの画素電極と対向電極との間をショートさせた状態にし、そのまま室温に1時間放置した。放置の後、同様にして配向方位角を測定し、交流駆動前後の配向方位角の差、すなわち、交流駆動前の配向方位角-交流駆動後の配向方位角を、Δ配向方位角(°)として算出した。結果を表1に示す。
液晶配向剤A1のかわりに液晶配向剤A2を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行って、液晶配向性能評価及び残像評価を行った。
液晶配向剤A1のかわりに液晶配向剤A3を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行って、液晶配向性能評価及び残像評価を行った。
液晶配向剤A1のかわりに液晶配向剤A4を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行って、液晶配向性能評価及び残像評価を行った。
液晶配向剤A1のかわりに液晶配向剤A5を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行って、液晶配向性能評価及び残像評価を行った。
液晶配向剤A1のかわりに液晶配向剤A7を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行って、液晶配向性能評価及び残像評価を行った。
液晶配向剤A1のかわりに液晶配向剤A8を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行って、液晶配向性能評価及び残像評価を行った。
液晶配向剤A1のかわりに液晶配向剤A9を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行って、液晶配向性能評価及び残像評価を行った。
液晶配向剤A1のかわりに液晶配向剤A10を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行って、液晶配向性能評価及び残像評価を行った。
液晶配向剤A1のかわりに液晶配向剤A11を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行って、液晶配向性能評価及び残像評価を行った。
液晶配向剤A1のかわりに液晶配向剤A12を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行って、液晶配向性能評価及び残像評価を行った。
液晶配向剤A1のかわりに液晶配向剤A13を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行って、液晶配向性能評価及び残像評価を行った。
液晶配向剤A1のかわりに液晶配向剤A14を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行って、液晶配向性能評価及び残像評価を行った。
液晶配向剤A1のかわりに液晶配向剤A15を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行って、液晶配向性能評価及び残像評価を行った。
液晶配向剤A1のかわりに液晶配向剤B1を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行って、液晶配向性能評価及び残像評価を行った。
Claims (5)
- 下記式(1)で表されることを特徴とするジアミン。
- 請求項1に記載のジアミンを用いて得られるポリイミド前駆体、このポリイミド前駆体をイミド化して得られるポリイミド及びポリアミドから選択される少なくとも一種であることを特徴とする重合体。
- 請求項2に記載の重合体を含有することを特徴とする液晶配向剤。
- 請求項3に記載の液晶配向剤を用いて得られることを特徴とする液晶配向膜。
- 請求項4に記載の液晶配向膜を具備することを特徴とする液晶表示素子。
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