WO2013157586A1 - 光配向法用の液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
光配向法用の液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013157586A1 WO2013157586A1 PCT/JP2013/061420 JP2013061420W WO2013157586A1 WO 2013157586 A1 WO2013157586 A1 WO 2013157586A1 JP 2013061420 W JP2013061420 W JP 2013061420W WO 2013157586 A1 WO2013157586 A1 WO 2013157586A1
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- liquid crystal
- photo
- aligning agent
- crystal aligning
- alignment
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- 0 CC(N*NC)=O Chemical compound CC(N*NC)=O 0.000 description 2
- POPWUQHOUZWHCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1C(C)CC(CC2CC(C)C(C)CC2)CC1 Chemical compound CC1C(C)CC(CC2CC(C)C(C)CC2)CC1 POPWUQHOUZWHCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GHMKJAIVUFZUPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C1C)C=Cc2c1c(C)ccc2 Chemical compound CC(C1C)C=Cc2c1c(C)ccc2 GHMKJAIVUFZUPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SGVUHPSBDNVHKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1CC(C)CCC1 Chemical compound CC1CC(C)CCC1 SGVUHPSBDNVHKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRMPKOFEUHIBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1CCC(C)CC1 Chemical compound CC1CCC(C)CC1 QRMPKOFEUHIBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TTZRPMQXODKNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1CCC(CC2CCC(C)CC2)CC1 Chemical compound CC1CCC(CC2CCC(C)CC2)CC1 TTZRPMQXODKNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXBIAYXZUDJVEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1)c(C)cc1-c1cc(C)c(C)cc1 Chemical compound Cc(cc1)c(C)cc1-c1cc(C)c(C)cc1 YXBIAYXZUDJVEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIEVCEQLNUHDIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1)cc(C)c1Cl Chemical compound Cc(cc1)cc(C)c1Cl UIEVCEQLNUHDIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJCFZCTTZWHRNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1)cc(C)c1OC Chemical compound Cc(cc1)cc(C)c1OC UJCFZCTTZWHRNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZTDESRVPFKCBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1)ccc1-c1ccc(C)cc1 Chemical compound Cc(cc1)ccc1-c1ccc(C)cc1 RZTDESRVPFKCBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWPWLKXZYNXATK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1)ccc1C(c1ccc(C)cc1)=O Chemical compound Cc(cc1)ccc1C(c1ccc(C)cc1)=O ZWPWLKXZYNXATK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHPVVNRNAHRJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1)ccc1Nc1ccc(C)cc1 Chemical compound Cc(cc1)ccc1Nc1ccc(C)cc1 RHPVVNRNAHRJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWYHGNUFMPSTTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1)ccc1Oc1ccc(C)cc1 Chemical compound Cc(cc1)ccc1Oc1ccc(C)cc1 YWYHGNUFMPSTTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEAYCYAIVOIUMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1)ccc1S(c1ccc(C)cc1)(=O)=O Chemical compound Cc(cc1)ccc1S(c1ccc(C)cc1)(=O)=O WEAYCYAIVOIUMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRXWFTYEJYEOGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1)ccc1Sc1ccc(C)cc1 Chemical compound Cc(cc1)ccc1Sc1ccc(C)cc1 NRXWFTYEJYEOGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJQDRBHJSRPHEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1C)c(C)cc1Cl Chemical compound Cc(cc1C)c(C)cc1Cl LJQDRBHJSRPHEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZCRCGZQRHMEDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1C)ccc1-c1c(C)cc(C)cc1 Chemical compound Cc(cc1C)ccc1-c1c(C)cc(C)cc1 PZCRCGZQRHMEDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1c(C)cccc1 Chemical compound Cc1c(C)cccc1 CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWHJZXXIDMPWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1cc(C)c(C)cc1 Chemical compound Cc1cc(C)c(C)cc1 GWHJZXXIDMPWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQNZJJAZBFDUTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1cc(C)c(C)cc1C Chemical compound Cc1cc(C)c(C)cc1C SQNZJJAZBFDUTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJZAUIVYZWPNAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1cc(OC)c(C)cc1 Chemical compound Cc1cc(OC)c(C)cc1 SJZAUIVYZWPNAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DEGFPRMMRHFIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1ccc(Cc2cc(C)ccc2)cc1 Chemical compound Cc1ccc(Cc2cc(C)ccc2)cc1 DEGFPRMMRHFIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZAWPPRBCALFRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1ccc(Cc2ccc(C)cc2)cc1 Chemical compound Cc1ccc(Cc2ccc(C)cc2)cc1 HZAWPPRBCALFRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CGXDIDXEMHMPIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1cccc(C(c2cc(C)ccc2)=O)c1 Chemical compound Cc1cccc(C(c2cc(C)ccc2)=O)c1 CGXDIDXEMHMPIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1cccc(C)c1 Chemical compound Cc1cccc(C)c1 IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
- G02F1/133723—Polyimide, polyamide-imide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1075—Partially aromatic polyimides
- C08G73/1078—Partially aromatic polyimides wholly aromatic in the diamino moiety
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1046—Polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain
- C08G73/105—Polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain with oxygen only in the diamino moiety
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D179/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen, with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C09D161/00 - C09D177/00
- C09D179/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C09D179/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal aligning agent for producing a liquid crystal aligning film, a liquid crystal aligning film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent, and a liquid crystal display element. More specifically, a liquid crystal aligning agent used for forming a liquid crystal aligning film capable of imparting liquid crystal aligning ability by irradiation of polarized ultraviolet rays instead of a rubbing treatment, that is, from the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment film and a liquid crystal display element.
- the liquid crystal alignment film is made of a polyamic acid formed on an electrode substrate and / or a surface of a film made of polyimide obtained by imidizing this with cotton, nylon, It is produced by carrying out a so-called rubbing treatment that rubs in one direction with a cloth such as polyester.
- the method of rubbing the film surface in the alignment process of the liquid crystal alignment film is an industrially useful method that is simple and excellent in productivity.
- demands for higher performance, higher definition, and larger size of liquid crystal display elements are increasing, and the surface of the alignment film caused by rubbing treatment, dust generation, the influence of mechanical force and static electricity, Various problems such as non-uniformity in the orientation processing surface have been revealed.
- Patent Document 1 proposes that a polyimide film having an alicyclic structure such as a cyclobutane ring in the main chain is used for the photo-alignment method.
- a polyimide film having an alicyclic structure such as a cyclobutane ring in the main chain is used for the photo-alignment method.
- the photo-alignment method as described above has an advantage that it can be produced by a simple manufacturing process industrially as a rubbing-less alignment treatment method.
- the liquid crystal display element by using the liquid crystal alignment film obtained by the above-mentioned photo-alignment method, the liquid crystal display element can be expected to improve the contrast and viewing angle characteristics compared to the liquid crystal alignment film obtained by the rubbing treatment method. Since it is possible to improve the performance of the display element, it attracts attention as a promising liquid crystal alignment treatment method.
- the liquid crystal alignment film used in the liquid crystal display element of the IPS driving method or the FFS driving method is generated in the liquid crystal display element of the IPS driving method or the FFS driving method in addition to the basic characteristics such as excellent liquid crystal alignment property and electrical characteristics. It is necessary to suppress afterimages by long-term AC driving.
- the liquid crystal alignment film obtained by the photo-alignment method has a problem that anisotropy with respect to the alignment direction of the polymer film is smaller than that by rubbing. If the anisotropy is small, sufficient liquid crystal orientation cannot be obtained, and problems such as occurrence of an afterimage occur when a liquid crystal display element is formed.
- a method for increasing the anisotropy of the liquid crystal alignment film obtained by the photo-alignment method it is proposed to remove the low molecular weight component generated by cutting the main chain of the polyimide by light irradiation after the light irradiation. (Patent Document 2).
- the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal element includes a process of cleaning the substrate on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed.
- a cleaning liquid mainly containing water or 2-propanol is used.
- a cleaning liquid mainly containing an organic solvent such as water or 2-propanol.
- afterimages are generated by long-term alternating current driving by cleaning the obtained film.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a photo-alignment method for obtaining a liquid crystal alignment film for a photo-alignment method in which good afterimage characteristics can be obtained even when the liquid crystal alignment film is washed with a cleaning liquid mainly containing water or 2-propanol. It is providing the liquid crystal aligning agent for this, the liquid crystal aligning film obtained from this liquid crystal aligning agent, and the liquid crystal display element which comprises this liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the present inventor has conducted extensive research and has found that a polyimide precursor obtained from a tetracarboxylic dianhydride having a specific alicyclic structure and a derivative thereof and a diamine compound having a specific structure. And the liquid crystal aligning agent for photo-alignment method containing at least one kind of polymer selected from the group consisting of imidized polymers of the polyimide precursors has been found to achieve the above object.
- the present invention has the following gist. 1. It contains a polymer containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyimide precursor having a structural unit represented by the following formula (1), and an imidized polymer of the polyimide precursor, and an organic solvent. Liquid crystal aligning agent for photo-alignment method.
- X 1 is at least one selected from the group consisting of structures represented by the following formulas (X1-1) to (X1-9), and R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a carbon number 1 to 4 alkyl groups.
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Alkynyl group or phenyl group, which may be the same or different.
- the polymer is selected from the group consisting of a polyimide precursor containing 60 mol% or more of the structural unit represented by the formula (1) with respect to 1 mol of all structural units and an imidized polymer of the polyimide precursor.
- 3. The liquid crystal aligning agent for photo-alignment method according to any one of the above 1 or 2, wherein in formula (1), X 1 is a structure represented by formula (X1-1).
- X 1 is at least one selected from the group consisting of structures represented by the following formulas (X1-10) to (X1-11) Liquid crystal aligning agent for photo-alignment method.
- a liquid crystal alignment film obtained by applying and baking the liquid crystal aligning agent for photo-alignment method according to any one of 1 to 6 above, and then irradiating and washing with linearly polarized ultraviolet rays. 9.
- a liquid crystal display device comprising the liquid crystal alignment film according to 7 or 8 above.
- the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays to impart anisotropy to the liquid crystal alignment film, and then washed with a cleaning liquid mainly composed of water, 2-propanol or the like.
- a cleaning liquid mainly composed of water, 2-propanol or the like.
- the characteristics of the liquid crystal alignment film are not deteriorated, and when the liquid crystal alignment film of the liquid crystal display element of the IPS driving method or the FFS driving method is used, afterimages due to long-term AC driving can be reduced.
- the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention exhibits good afterimage characteristics with a small amount of irradiation energy.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention comprises at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyimide precursor having a structural unit represented by the following formula (1) and an imidized polymer of the polyimide precursor, an organic solvent, It is a liquid crystal aligning agent for photo-alignment methods characterized by containing.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. From the viewpoint of ease of imidization by heating, a hydrogen atom or a methyl group is particularly preferable.
- X 1 is at least one selected from the group consisting of structures represented by the following formulas (X1-1) to (X1-9).
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, An alkynyl group or a phenyl group, which may be the same or different.
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are preferably a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and still more preferably, At least one selected from the group consisting of structures represented by the following formulas (X1-10) to (X1-11).
- the ratio of the structural unit represented by the formula (1) is the total structure in the polymer. 60 mol% to 100 mol% is preferable with respect to 1 mol of the unit. The higher the ratio of the structural unit represented by the above formula (1), the better the liquid crystal alignment film having good liquid crystal alignment, so 80 mol% to 100 mol% is more preferable, and 90 mol% to 100 mol%. Is more preferable.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention may be a polyimide precursor containing the structural unit represented by the following formula (2) in addition to the structural unit represented by the above formula (1) and the polyimide precursor.
- R 1 has the same definition as R 1 in the formula (1).
- X 2 is a tetravalent organic group, and its structure is not particularly limited. Specific examples include structures of the following formulas (X-9) to (X-42). From the viewpoint of availability of the compound, the structure of X 2 includes X-17, X-25, X-26, X-27, X-28, X-32, and X-39.
- a tetracarboxylic dianhydride having an aromatic ring structure from the viewpoint of the alleviation of the accumulated residual charge obtained fast liquid crystal alignment film by the DC voltage, as the structure of X 2, X-26 X-27, X-28, X-32, X-35, or X-37 are more preferable.
- Y 2 is a divalent organic group, and its structure is not particularly limited. Specific examples of Y 2 include structures of the following formulas (Y-1) to (Y-86).
- the structure of Y 2 is preferably a highly linear structure. As specific examples, Y-74, Y-75, Y-76, Y-77, or Y-78 is more preferable. Further, since the solubility of the polyimide precursor and polyimide in an organic solvent can be expected, the structure of Y 2 is Y-8, Y-20, Y-21, Y-22, Y-28, Y-29. Y-30, Y-71, Y-72, Y-73, or Y-85 is more preferable.
- the polyamic acid ester which is a polyimide precursor used in the present invention can be synthesized by the method (1), (2) or (3) shown below.
- the polyamic acid ester can be synthesized by esterifying a polyamic acid obtained from tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine.
- the polyamic acid and the esterifying agent are reacted in the presence of an organic solvent at ⁇ 20 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to 50 ° C. for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 4 hours.
- an organic solvent at ⁇ 20 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to 50 ° C. for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 4 hours.
- the esterifying agent is preferably one that can be easily removed by purification, and N, N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide diethyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide dipropyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide Dineopentyl butyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide di-t-butyl acetal, 1-methyl-3-p-tolyltriazene, 1-ethyl-3-p-tolyltriazene, 1-propyl-3-p -Tolyltriazene, 4- (4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) -4-methylmorpholinium chloride and the like.
- the addition amount of the esterifying agent is preferably 2 to 6 molar equivalents per 1 mol of the polyamic acid repeating unit.
- the solvent used in the above reaction is preferably N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or ⁇ -butyrolactone in view of polymer solubility. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Good.
- the concentration at the time of synthesis is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 20% by mass from the viewpoint that polymer precipitation is unlikely to occur and a high molecular weight product is easily obtained.
- Polyamic acid ester can be synthesized from tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride and diamine. Specifically, tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride and diamine in the presence of a base and an organic solvent at ⁇ 20 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to 50 ° C., for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 4 hours. It can be synthesized by reacting.
- pyridine triethylamine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine and the like can be used, but pyridine is preferable because the reaction proceeds gently.
- the addition amount of the base is preferably 2 to 4 times the molar amount of the tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride from the viewpoint of easy removal and high molecular weight.
- the solvent used in the above reaction is preferably N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or ⁇ -butyrolactone from the solubility of the monomer and polymer, and these may be used alone or in combination.
- the polymer concentration at the time of synthesis is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 20% by mass from the viewpoint that polymer precipitation is difficult to occur and a high molecular weight product is easily obtained.
- the solvent used for the synthesis of the polyamic acid ester is preferably dehydrated as much as possible, and it is preferable to prevent mixing of outside air in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- tetracarboxylic acid diester and diamine in the presence of a condensing agent, a base, and an organic solvent at 0 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to 100 ° C., for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 3 to 15 It can synthesize
- the condensing agent include triphenyl phosphite, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, N, N′-carbonyldiimidazole, dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazide.
- Nylmethylmorpholinium O- (benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N ′, N′-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate, O- (benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N , N ′, N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate, (2,3-dihydro-2-thioxo-3-benzoxazolyl) phosphonate diphenyl, and the like.
- the addition amount of the condensing agent is preferably 2 to 3 times the molar amount of the tetracarboxylic acid diester.
- tertiary amines such as pyridine and triethylamine can be used.
- the addition amount of the base is preferably 2 to 4 moles relative to the diamine component from the viewpoint of easy removal and easy obtaining of a high molecular weight product.
- the reaction proceeds efficiently by adding Lewis acid as an additive.
- Lewis acid lithium halides such as lithium chloride and lithium bromide are preferable.
- the addition amount of the Lewis acid is preferably 0 to 1.0 times mol with respect to the diamine component.
- the synthesis method (1) or (2) is particularly preferable.
- the polyamic acid ester solution obtained as described above can be polymerized by pouring into a poor solvent while stirring well. Precipitation is performed several times, and after washing with a poor solvent, a purified polyamic acid ester powder can be obtained at room temperature or by heating and drying.
- a poor solvent is not specifically limited, Water, methanol, ethanol, hexane, butyl cellosolve, acetone, toluene etc. are mentioned.
- the polyamic acid which is a polyimide precursor used in the present invention can be synthesized by the following method. Specifically, tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine are reacted in the presence of an organic solvent at ⁇ 20 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to 50 ° C. for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 12 hours. Can be synthesized.
- the organic solvent used in the above reaction is preferably N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or ⁇ -butyrolactone in view of the solubility of the monomer and polymer. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. It may be used.
- the concentration of the polymer is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 20% by mass from the viewpoint that polymer precipitation is difficult to occur and a high molecular weight body is easily obtained.
- the polyamic acid obtained as described above can be recovered by precipitating the polymer by pouring into the poor solvent while thoroughly stirring the reaction solution. Moreover, the powder of polyamic acid refine
- a poor solvent is not specifically limited, Water, methanol, ethanol, hexane, butyl cellosolve, acetone, toluene etc. are mentioned.
- the polyimide used in the present invention can be produced by imidizing the polyamic acid ester or polyamic acid.
- chemical imidization in which a basic catalyst is added to the polyamic acid solution obtained by dissolving the polyamic acid ester solution or the polyamic acid ester resin powder in an organic solvent is simple.
- Chemical imidization is preferable because the imidization reaction proceeds at a relatively low temperature and the molecular weight of the polymer does not easily decrease during the imidization process.
- Chemical imidation can be performed by stirring the polyamic acid ester to be imidized in an organic solvent in the presence of a basic catalyst.
- a basic catalyst include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, trioctylamine and the like. Of these, triethylamine is preferred because it has sufficient basicity to allow the reaction to proceed.
- the temperature for carrying out the imidization reaction is ⁇ 20 ° C. to 140 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to 100 ° C., and the reaction time can be 1 to 100 hours.
- the amount of the basic catalyst is 0.5 to 30 mol times, preferably 2 to 20 mol times the amic acid ester group.
- the imidation ratio of the resulting polymer can be controlled by adjusting the amount of catalyst, temperature, and reaction time. Since the added catalyst or the like remains in the solution after the imidation reaction, the obtained imidized polymer is recovered by the means described below, re-dissolved in an organic solvent, and the liquid crystal alignment according to the present invention. It is preferable to use an agent.
- Chemical imidation can be performed by stirring a polymer to be imidized in an organic solvent in the presence of a basic catalyst and an acid anhydride.
- a basic catalyst include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, trioctylamine and the like. Of these, pyridine is preferred because it has an appropriate basicity for proceeding with the reaction.
- the acid anhydride include acetic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride and the like. Among them, use of acetic anhydride is preferable because purification after completion of the reaction is facilitated.
- the temperature for carrying out the imidization reaction is ⁇ 20 ° C. to 140 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to 100 ° C., and the reaction time can be 1 to 100 hours.
- the amount of the basic catalyst is 0.5 to 30 mol times, preferably 2 to 20 mol times the amic acid group, and the amount of the acid anhydride is 1 to 50 mol times, preferably 3 to 30 mol times the amic acid group. Is double.
- the imidation ratio of the resulting polymer can be controlled by adjusting the amount of catalyst, temperature, and reaction time.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferable.
- the polyimide solution obtained as described above can be polymerized by pouring into a poor solvent while thoroughly stirring. Precipitation is performed several times, and after washing with a poor solvent, a purified polyamic acid ester powder can be obtained at room temperature or by heating and drying.
- the poor solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include methanol, acetone, hexane, butyl cellosolve, heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethanol, toluene, and benzene.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent used in the present invention has a form of a solution in which a polymer having a specific structure is dissolved in an organic solvent.
- the molecular weight of at least one polymer selected from the polyimide precursor having the structural unit represented by the above formula (1) and the imidized polymer of the polyimide precursor is 2,000 to 500,000 in weight average molecular weight. Is more preferably 5,000 to 300,000, and still more preferably 10,000 to 100,000.
- the number average molecular weight is preferably 1,000 to 250,000, more preferably 2,500 to 150,000, and still more preferably 5,000 to 50,000.
- the concentration of the polymer of the liquid crystal aligning agent used in the present invention can be appropriately changed depending on the setting of the thickness of the coating film to be formed, but it is 1 weight from the viewpoint of forming a uniform and defect-free coating film. % From the viewpoint of storage stability of the solution, and preferably 10% by weight or less.
- the organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the polymer having a specific structure is uniformly dissolved.
- Specific examples thereof include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-diethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methylcaprolactam, Examples include 2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1,3-dimethyl-imidazolidinone, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide and the like.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent used for this invention contains the solvent for improving the coating-film uniformity at the time of apply
- a solvent a solvent having a surface tension lower than that of the organic solvent is generally used.
- ethyl cellosolve examples thereof include ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, ethyl carbitol, butyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol acetate, ethylene glycol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-ethoxy-2-propanol, 1-butoxy-2 -Propanol, 1-phenoxy-2-propanol, propylene glycol monoacetate, propylene glycol diacetate, propylene glycol-1-monomethyl ether-2-acetate, propylene glycol-1-monoethyl ether-2-acetate, butyl cellosolve acetate, di Propylene glycol, 2- (2-ethoxypropoxy) propanol, lactate methyl ester, lactate ethyl ester, lactate n-propyl ester, lactate n-butyl ester, lactic acid Isoamyl ester, and the like. Two types of
- liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention in addition to the above, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, a polymer other than the polymer described in the present invention, the electrical properties such as the dielectric constant and conductivity of the liquid crystal aligning film, etc.
- Dielectric or conductive material for changing characteristics, silane coupling agent for improving adhesion between liquid crystal alignment film and substrate, crosslinkability for increasing hardness and density of liquid crystal alignment film When firing the compound, and further, the coating film, an imidization accelerator for the purpose of efficiently proceeding imidization by heating of the polyimide precursor may be added.
- the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention comprises a step of applying a liquid crystal aligning agent to a substrate and baking, a step of irradiating the obtained film with polarized ultraviolet light, and the film irradiated with ultraviolet light with water or 2-propanol as a main component. It is preferably manufactured by a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment film including a step of cleaning with a cleaning liquid.
- liquid crystal aligning agent obtained as described above is applied to the substrate, dried and fired to form a polyimide film or a polyimide precursor imidized film. Is obtained.
- the substrate to which the liquid crystal aligning agent used in the present invention is applied is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, and a glass substrate, a silicon nitride substrate, a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate or a polycarbonate substrate, or the like can be used. From the viewpoint of simplification of the process, it is preferable to use a substrate on which an ITO electrode or the like for driving the liquid crystal is formed.
- an opaque object such as a silicon wafer can be used as long as it is only on one side of the substrate.
- a material that reflects light such as aluminum can be used as the electrode.
- the method for applying the liquid crystal aligning agent used in the present invention include a spin coating method, a printing method, and an ink jet method.
- Arbitrary temperature and time can be selected for the drying and baking steps after applying the liquid crystal aligning agent used in the present invention.
- the organic solvent is dried at 50 ° C. to 120 ° C. for 1 minute to 10 minutes, and then baked at 150 ° C. to 300 ° C. for 5 minutes to 120 minutes.
- the thickness of the coating film after firing is not particularly limited, but if it is too thin, the reliability of the liquid crystal display element may be lowered, and therefore it is 5 to 300 nm, preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- a step of irradiating the obtained film with polarized ultraviolet rays The film obtained by the method of (1) above is irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays (hereinafter also referred to as a photo-alignment treatment), and is anisotropic. Sex is imparted.
- polarized ultraviolet rays hereinafter also referred to as a photo-alignment treatment
- Sex is imparted.
- a higher extinction ratio of polarized ultraviolet rays is preferable because higher anisotropy can be imparted.
- the extinction ratio of linearly polarized ultraviolet light is preferably 10: 1 or more, and more preferably 20: 1 or more.
- the photo-alignment treatment there is a method in which the surface of the coating film is irradiated with linearly polarized ultraviolet rays, and in some cases, a heat treatment is further performed at a temperature of 150 to 250 ° C. to impart liquid crystal alignment ability. It is done.
- the wavelength of the ultraviolet ray ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 100 nm to 400 nm are preferable, and those having a wavelength of 200 nm to 400 nm are particularly preferable.
- Dose of the radiation is preferably in the range of 1 ⁇ 10,000mJ / cm 2, and particularly preferably in the range of 100 ⁇ 5,000mJ / cm 2.
- the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention has good characteristics as a liquid crystal alignment film by cleaning with a cleaning liquid mainly composed of water or 2-propanol. It is characterized by expressing. Since 2-propanol dissolves organic substances in the film more easily than water, a cleaning liquid containing 2-propanol is more preferable as the cleaning liquid for the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention.
- a treatment such that the film and the liquid are sufficiently in contact such as an immersion treatment or a spray treatment, is preferable.
- a method of immersing the film in the cleaning solution preferably 10 seconds to 1 hour, more preferably 1 minute to 30 minutes is preferable.
- the contact treatment may be performed at normal temperature or preferably at 10 to 80 ° C., more preferably 20 to 50 ° C.
- a means for enhancing contact such as ultrasonic waves can be applied as necessary.
- rinsing for the purpose of removing the organic solvent used, either or both of rinsing (rinsing) and drying with a low boiling point solvent such as water, 2-propanol and acetone may be performed.
- the drying temperature is preferably 80 to 250 ° C, more preferably 80 to 150 ° C.
- the liquid crystal display element of this invention comprises the liquid crystal aligning film obtained by the manufacturing method of the said liquid crystal aligning film.
- a liquid crystal cell is prepared by a known method. In this way, a liquid crystal display element is obtained.
- a liquid crystal display element having a passive matrix structure As an example of a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal cell, a liquid crystal display element having a passive matrix structure will be described as an example.
- an active matrix liquid crystal display element in which a switching element such as a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) is provided in each pixel portion constituting the image display may be used.
- a transparent glass substrate is prepared, a common electrode is provided on one substrate, and a segment electrode is provided on the other substrate.
- These electrodes can be ITO electrodes, for example, and are patterned so as to display a desired image.
- an insulating film is provided on each substrate so as to cover the common electrode and the segment electrode.
- the insulating film can be, for example, a film made of SiO 2 —TiO 2 formed by a sol-gel method.
- the liquid crystal alignment film of the present embodiment is formed on each substrate.
- the other substrate is superposed on one substrate so that the alignment film surfaces face each other, and the periphery is bonded with a sealant.
- a spacer is usually mixed in the sealing material.
- spacers for controlling the substrate gap are also sprayed on the in-plane portion where no sealing material is provided. A part of the sealing material is provided with an opening that can be filled with liquid crystal from the outside.
- a liquid crystal material is injected into the space surrounded by the two substrates and the sealing material through the opening provided in the sealing material. Thereafter, the opening is sealed with an adhesive.
- a vacuum injection method may be used, or a method utilizing capillary action in the atmosphere may be used.
- a polarizing plate is installed. Specifically, a pair of polarizing plates is attached to the surfaces of the two substrates opposite to the liquid crystal layer.
- the viscosity of the polyimide precursor solution was measured using an E-type viscometer TVE-22H (manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd., sample amount 1.1 mL), cone rotor TE-1 (1 ° 34 ′, R24), Measurement was performed at a temperature of 25 ° C.
- the molecular weights of the polyimide precursor and the imidized polymer are measured by a GPC (room temperature gel permeation chromatography) apparatus, and the number average molecular weight (hereinafter also referred to as Mn) and the weight average molecular weight as polyethylene glycol and polyethylene oxide equivalent values. (Hereinafter also referred to as Mw) was calculated.
- GPC device manufactured by Shodex (GPC-101) Column: manufactured by Shodex (series of KD803 and KD805) Column temperature: 50 ° C Eluent: N, N-dimethylformamide (as additives, lithium bromide-hydrate (LiBr ⁇ H 2 O) 30 mmol / L, phosphoric acid / anhydrous crystals (o-phosphoric acid) 30 mmol / L, tetrahydrofuran) (THF) is 10 ml / L) Flow rate: 1.0 mL / min
- Standard sample for preparing calibration curve TSK standard polyethylene oxide (weight average molecular weight (Mw) about 900,000, 150,000, 100,000, 30,000) manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, and polyethylene glycol (peak top manufactured by Polymer Laboratories) Molecular weight (Mp) about 12,000, 4,000, 1,000).
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- Mp peak top manufactured by Polymer Laboratories
- Mp Molecular weight
- a liquid crystal cell having a configuration of a fringe field switching (hereinafter referred to as FFS) mode liquid crystal display element is manufactured.
- a substrate with electrodes was prepared.
- the substrate is a glass substrate having a size of 30 mm ⁇ 50 mm and a thickness of 0.7 mm.
- an ITO electrode having a solid pattern constituting a counter electrode as a first layer is formed.
- a SiN (silicon nitride) film formed by the CVD method is formed as the second layer.
- the film thickness of the second SiN film is 500 nm and functions as an interlayer insulating film.
- a comb-like pixel electrode formed by patterning an ITO film as the third layer is arranged to form two pixels, a first pixel and a second pixel. ing.
- the size of each pixel is 10 mm long and about 5 mm wide.
- the first-layer counter electrode and the third-layer pixel electrode are electrically insulated by the action of the second-layer SiN film.
- the pixel electrode of the third layer has a comb-like shape configured by arranging a plurality of electrode elements having a dogleg shape whose central portion is bent.
- the width in the short direction of each electrode element is 3 ⁇ m, and the distance between the electrode elements is 6 ⁇ m. Since the pixel electrode forming each pixel is formed by arranging a plurality of bent-shaped electrode elements in the central portion, the shape of each pixel is not rectangular, but in the central portion like the electrode elements. It has a shape that bends and resembles a bold-faced koji.
- Each pixel is divided into upper and lower portions with a central bent portion as a boundary, and has a first region on the upper side of the bent portion and a second region on the lower side.
- the formation directions of the electrode elements of the pixel electrodes constituting them are different. That is, when the rubbing direction of the liquid crystal alignment film described later is used as a reference, the electrode element of the pixel electrode is formed to form an angle of + 10 ° (clockwise) in the first region of the pixel, and the pixel in the second region of the pixel.
- the electrode elements of the electrode are formed so as to form an angle of ⁇ 10 ° (clockwise). That is, in the first region and the second region of each pixel, the directions of the rotation operation (in-plane switching) of the liquid crystal induced by the application of voltage between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode are mutually in the substrate plane. It is comprised so that it may become a reverse direction.
- the prepared substrate with electrodes and a glass substrate having a columnar spacer with a height of 4 ⁇ m on which an ITO film is formed on the back surface It applied by spin coat application.
- baking was carried out in a hot air circulating oven at 230 ° C. for 20 minutes to form a coating film having a thickness of 100 nm.
- This coating film surface was irradiated with linearly polarized ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 254 nm with an extinction ratio of 10: 1 or more via a polarizing plate to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film.
- the two substrates are combined as a set, a sealant is printed on the substrate, and the other substrate is bonded so that the liquid crystal alignment film faces and the alignment direction is 0 °, and then the sealant is added.
- An empty cell was produced by curing.
- Liquid crystal MLC-2041 manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.
- a liquid crystal cell having the same structure as the liquid crystal cell used for the above-described afterimage evaluation was prepared. Using this liquid crystal cell, an AC voltage of ⁇ 5 V was applied for 200 hours at a frequency of 60 Hz in a constant temperature environment of 60 ° C. Thereafter, the pixel electrode and the counter electrode of the liquid crystal cell were short-circuited and left as it was at room temperature for one day.
- the liquid crystal cell After leaving, the liquid crystal cell is placed between two polarizing plates arranged so that the polarization axes are orthogonal, and the backlight is turned on with no voltage applied so that the brightness of the transmitted light is minimized.
- the arrangement angle of the liquid crystal cell was adjusted. Then, the rotation angle when the liquid crystal cell was rotated from the angle at which the second region of the first pixel became darkest to the angle at which the first region became darkest was calculated as the angle ⁇ .
- the second area was compared with the first area, and a similar angle ⁇ was calculated. Then, the average value of the angle ⁇ values of the first pixel and the second pixel was calculated as the angle ⁇ of the liquid crystal cell.
- the imidation ratio of polyimide in the synthesis example was measured as follows. 20 mg of polyimide powder is put into an NMR sample tube (NMR sampling tube standard, ⁇ 5 (manufactured by Kusano Kagaku)) and deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d6, 0.05% TMS (tetramethylsilane) mixed product) (0.53 mL). ) was added and completely dissolved by applying ultrasonic waves. This solution was measured for proton NMR at 500 MHz with an NMR measuring instrument (JNW-ECA500) (manufactured by JEOL Datum).
- the imidation rate is determined based on protons derived from structures that do not change before and after imidation as reference protons, and the peak integrated value of these protons and proton peaks derived from NH groups of amic acid that appear in the vicinity of 9.5 ppm to 10.0 ppm. It calculated
- Imidization rate (%) (1 ⁇ ⁇ x / y) ⁇ 100
- x is a proton peak integrated value derived from NH group of amic acid
- y is a peak integrated value of reference proton
- ⁇ is one NH group proton of amic acid in the case of polyamic acid (imidation rate is 0%) Is the number ratio of the reference proton to.
- PAA-2 polyamic acid
- the obtained resin powder was dried at 60 ° C. for 12 hours to obtain a polyimide resin powder.
- 20.69 g of the obtained polyimide resin powder was taken, 151.71 g of NMP was added, and the mixture was stirred and dissolved at 40 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain a polyimide solution (PI-1).
- Example 1 To a 20 mL sample tube containing a stir bar, 12.00 g of the polyamic acid solution (PAA-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was taken, 4.03 g of NMP and 4.00 g of BCS were added, and a magnetic stirrer was used. The liquid crystal aligning agent (A-1) was obtained by stirring for 30 minutes.
- Example 2 After the liquid crystal aligning agent (A-1) obtained in Example 1 is filtered through a 1.0 ⁇ m filter, the prepared substrate with electrodes and a columnar spacer with a height of 4 ⁇ m on which an ITO film is formed on the back surface. It apply
- Example 3 An FFS drive liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the alignment film-coated substrate was washed with water. This FFS drive liquid crystal cell was subjected to afterimage evaluation by long-term AC drive. The value of the angle ⁇ of this liquid crystal cell after long-term AC driving was 0.61 degree.
- Example 4 Into a 20 mL sample tube containing a stir bar, 10.73 g of the polyimide solution (PI-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 3 was taken, 5.27 g of NMP and 4.00 g of BCS were added, and 30 times with a magnetic stirrer. The mixture was stirred for minutes to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (A-2).
- Example 5 In a 20 mL sample tube containing a stir bar, 5.56 g of the polyimide solution (PI-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 3 and 5.47 g of the polyamic acid solution (PAA-6) obtained in Synthesis Example 4 were taken. 4.97 g of NMP, 4.01 g of BCS, and 0.19 g of additive A were added, and the mixture was stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (A-3).
- PI-1 polyimide solution obtained in Synthesis Example 3
- Example 6 In a 20 mL sample tube containing a stir bar, 5.54 g of the polyimide solution (PI-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 3 and 5.07 g of the polyamic acid solution (PAA-7) obtained in Synthesis Example 5 were taken, and 5.38 g of NMP, 4.01 g of BCS, and 0.19 g of additive A were added, and the mixture was stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (A-4).
- PI-1 polyimide solution obtained in Synthesis Example 3
- Example 7 In a 20 mL sample tube containing a stir bar, 5.52 g of the polyimide solution (PI-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 3 and 5.49 g of the polyamic acid solution (PAA-8) obtained in Synthesis Example 6 were taken, and 4.99 g of NMP, 4.00 g of BCS, and 0.19 g of additive A were added, and the mixture was stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (A-5).
- PI-1 polyimide solution obtained in Synthesis Example 3
- Example 8 Into a 20 mL sample tube containing a stir bar, 5.49 g of the polyimide solution (PI-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 3 and 5.22 g of the polyamic acid solution (PAA-9) obtained in Synthesis Example 7 were taken. 5.28 g of NMP, 4.03 g of BCS, and 0.19 g of additive A were added, and the mixture was stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (A-6).
- Example 9 In a 20 mL sample tube containing a stir bar, 5.54 g of the polyimide solution (PI-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 3 and 5.48 g of the polyamic acid solution (PAA-10) obtained in Synthesis Example 8 were taken, and 4.98 g of NMP, 4.01 g of BCS, and 0.19 g of additive A were added, and the mixture was stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (A-7).
- PI-1 polyimide solution obtained in Synthesis Example 3
- Example 10 The liquid crystal aligning agent (A-2) obtained in Example 4 was filtered through a filter having a pore size of 1.0 ⁇ m, and then the prepared substrate with electrodes and a columnar shape with a height of 4 ⁇ m on which an ITO film was formed on the back surface. It apply
- Example 11 An FFS drive liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the liquid crystal aligning agent (A-3) obtained in Example 5 was used. This FFS drive liquid crystal cell was subjected to afterimage evaluation by long-term AC drive. The value of the angle ⁇ of this liquid crystal cell after long-term AC driving was 0.51 degree.
- Example 12 An FFS drive liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the liquid crystal aligning agent (A-4) obtained in Example 6 was used. This FFS drive liquid crystal cell was subjected to afterimage evaluation by long-term AC drive. The value of the angle ⁇ of this liquid crystal cell after long-term AC driving was 0.55 degrees.
- Example 13 An FFS drive liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the liquid crystal aligning agent (A-5) obtained in Example 7 was used. This FFS drive liquid crystal cell was subjected to afterimage evaluation by long-term AC drive. The value of the angle ⁇ of this liquid crystal cell after long-term AC driving was 0.50 degrees.
- Example 14 An FFS drive liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the liquid crystal aligning agent (A-6) obtained in Example 8 was used. This FFS drive liquid crystal cell was subjected to afterimage evaluation by long-term AC drive. The value of the angle ⁇ of this liquid crystal cell after long-term AC driving was 0.48 degrees.
- Example 15 An FFS drive liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the liquid crystal aligning agent (A-7) obtained in Example 9 was used. This FFS drive liquid crystal cell was subjected to afterimage evaluation by long-term AC drive. The value of the angle ⁇ of this liquid crystal cell after long-term AC driving was 0.51 degree.
- the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can reduce afterimages caused by alternating current driving in liquid crystal display elements of the IPS driving method or the FFS driving method, and has an excellent IPS driving method or FFS driving.
- a liquid crystal display element of the type is obtained. Therefore, it is particularly useful as a liquid crystal alignment film of an IPS driving type or FFS driving type liquid crystal display element or a liquid crystal television.
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Abstract
Description
現在、工業的に最も普及している方法によれば、この液晶配向膜は、電極基板上に形成されたポリアミック酸及び/又はこれをイミド化したポリイミドからなる膜の表面を、綿、ナイロン、ポリエステル等の布で一方向に擦る、いわゆるラビング処理を行うことで作製されている。
特許文献1では、主鎖にシクロブタン環などの脂環構造を有するポリイミド膜を光配向法に用いることが提案されている。ポリイミドを用いた光配向用配向膜に用いた場合、他に比べて高い耐熱性を有することからその有用性が期待されている。
しかし、本願発明者らが検討した結果、シクロブタンなどの脂環構造を有するテトラカルボン酸二無水物及びその誘導体と芳香族ジアミンからなるポリイミド前駆体及びそのイミド化重合体を塗布、焼成して得られる光配向法用の液晶配向膜は、水や2-プロパノールなどの有機溶媒を主成分とする洗浄液で洗浄することによって著しく特性が悪化することがわかった。具体的には、得られた膜を洗浄することで、長期交流駆動によって残像が発生することがわかった。
1.下記式(1)で表される構造単位を有するポリイミド前駆体及び該ポリイミド前駆体のイミド化重合体からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む重合体と有機溶媒とを含有することを特徴とする光配向法用の液晶配向剤。
3.上記式(1)において、X1が式(X1-1)で表される構造である上記1又は2のいずれかに記載の光配向法用の液晶配向剤。
6.上記重合体の含有量が、1重量%以上10重量%以下である上記1~4のいずれかに記載の光配向法用の液晶配向剤。
7.上記1~6のいずれかに記載の光配向法用の液晶配向剤を塗布、焼成して得られる液晶配向膜。
8.上記1~6のいずれかに記載の光配向法用の液晶配向剤を塗布、焼成し、次いで、直線に偏光された紫外線を照射し、洗浄することによって得られる液晶配向膜。
9.上記7又は8に記載の液晶配向膜を具備する液晶表示素子。
本発明の液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜は、少ない照射エネルギーで良好な残像特性を示す。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、下記式(1)で表される構造単位を有するポリイミド前駆体及び該ポリイミド前駆体のイミド化重合体からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種類の重合体と有機溶媒とを含有することを特徴とする光配向法用の液晶配向剤である。
また、ポリイミド前駆体及びポリイミドの有機溶媒に対する溶解性の向上が期待できるため、Y2の構造としては、Y-8、Y-20、Y-21、Y-22、Y-28、Y-29、Y-30、Y-71,Y-72、Y-73、又はY-85がより好ましい。
本発明に用いられるポリイミド前駆体であるポリアミック酸エステルは、以下に示す(1)、(2)又は(3)の方法で合成することができる。
(1)ポリアミック酸から合成する場合
ポリアミック酸エステルは、テトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミンから得られるポリアミック酸をエステル化することによって合成することができる。
エステル化剤としては、精製によって容易に除去できるものが好ましく、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドジメチルアセタール、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドジエチルアセタール、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドジプロピルアセタール、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドジネオペンチルブチルアセタール、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドジ-t-ブチルアセタール、1-メチル-3-p-トリルトリアゼン、1-エチル-3-p-トリルトリアゼン、1-プロピル-3-p-トリルトリアゼン、4-(4,6-ジメトキシ-1,3,5-トリアジンー2-イル)-4-メチルモルホリニウムクロリドなどが挙げられる。エステル化剤の添加量は、ポリアミック酸の繰り返し単位1モルに対して、2~6モル当量が好ましい。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドとジアミンから合成することができる。
具体的には、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドとジアミンとを塩基と有機溶剤の存在下で-20℃~150℃、好ましくは0℃~50℃において、30分~24時間、好ましくは1~4時間反応させることによって合成することができる。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルとジアミンを重縮合することにより合成することができる。
前記縮合剤には、トリフェニルホスファイト、ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド、1-エチル-3-(3-ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミド塩酸塩、N,N’-カルボニルジイミダゾール、ジメトキシ-1,3,5-トリアジニルメチルモルホリニウム、O-(ベンゾトリアゾール-1-イル)-N,N,N’,N’-テトラメチルウロニウム テトラフルオロボラート、O-(ベンゾトリアゾール-1-イル)-N,N,N’,N’-テトラメチルウロニウムヘキサフルオロホスファート、(2,3-ジヒドロ-2-チオキソ-3-ベンゾオキサゾリル)ホスホン酸ジフェニルなどが使用できる。縮合剤の添加量は、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルに対して2~3倍モルが好ましい。
また、上記反応において、ルイス酸を添加剤として加えることで反応が効率的に進行する。ルイス酸としては、塩化リチウム、臭化リチウムなどのハロゲン化リチウムが好ましい。ルイス酸の添加量はジアミン成分に対して0~1.0倍モルが好ましい。
上記のようにして得られるポリアミック酸エステルの溶液は、よく撹拌させながら貧溶媒に注入することで、ポリマーを析出させることができる。析出を数回行い、貧溶媒で洗浄後、常温あるいは加熱乾燥して精製されたポリアミック酸エステルの粉末を得ることができる。貧溶媒は、特に限定されないが、水、メタノール、エタノール、ヘキサン、ブチルセロソルブ、アセトン、トルエン等が挙げられる。
本発明に用いられるポリイミド前駆体であるポリアミック酸は、以下に示す方法により合成することができる。
具体的には、テトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミンとを有機溶媒の存在下で-20℃~150℃、好ましくは0℃~50℃において、30分~24時間、好ましくは1~12時間反応させることによって合成できる。
本発明に用いられるポリイミドは、前記ポリアミック酸エステル又はポリアミック酸をイミド化することにより製造することができる。ポリアミック酸エステルからポリイミドを製造する場合、前記ポリアミック酸エステル溶液、又はポリアミック酸エステル樹脂粉末を有機溶媒に溶解させて得られるポリアミック酸溶液に塩基性触媒を添加する化学的イミド化が簡便である。化学的イミド化は、比較的低温でイミド化反応が進行し、イミド化の課程で重合体の分子量低下が起こりにくいので好ましい。
前記貧溶媒は、特に限定されないが、メタノール、アセトン、ヘキサン、ブチルセルソルブ、ヘプタン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、エタノール、トルエン、ベンゼン等が挙げられる。
本発明に用いられる液晶配向剤は、特定構造の重合体が有機溶媒中に溶解された溶液の形態を有する。上記式(1)で表される構造単位を有するポリイミド前駆体及び該ポリイミド前駆体のイミド化重合体から選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体の分子量は、重量平均分子量で2,000~500,000が好ましく、より好ましくは5,000~300,000であり、さらに好ましくは、10,000~100,000である。また、数平均分子量は、好ましくは、1,000~250,000であり、より好ましくは、2,500~150,000であり、さらに好ましくは、5,000~50,000である。
本発明の液晶配向膜は、液晶配向剤を基板に塗布し、焼成する工程、得られた膜に偏光された紫外線を照射する工程、紫外線を照射した膜を水や2-プロパノールを主成分とする洗浄液で洗浄する工程を含む液晶配向膜の製造方法によって、製造されることが好ましい。
上記のようにして得られた液晶配向剤を基板に塗布し、乾燥、焼成することによりポリイミド膜、又はポリイミド前駆体がイミド化した膜が得られる。
本発明に用いたれる液晶配向剤を塗布する基板としては透明性の高い基板であれば特に限定されず、ガラス基板、窒化珪素基板、アクリル基板やポリカーボネート基板等のプラスチック基板等を用いることができ、液晶駆動のためのITO電極等が形成された基板を用いることがプロセスの簡素化の点から好ましい。また、反射型の液晶表示素子では片側の基板のみにならばシリコンウエハー等の不透明な物でも使用でき、この場合の電極はアルミ等の光を反射する材料も使用できる。本発明に用いられる液晶配向剤の塗布方法としては、スピンコート法、印刷法、インクジェット法などが挙げられる。
上記(1)の方法で得られた膜に、偏光された紫外線を照射する(以下、光配向処理とも言う)ことにより、異方性が付与される。
偏光された紫外線の消光比が高いほど、より高い異方性が付与できるため、好ましい。具体的には、直線に偏光された紫外線の消光比は、10:1以上が好ましく、20:1以上がより好ましい。
前記放射線の照射量は、1~10,000mJ/cm2の範囲にあることが好ましく、100~5,000mJ/cm2の範囲にあることが特に好ましい。
本発明の液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜は、水や2-プロパノールを主成分とする洗浄液で洗浄することによって、液晶配向膜として良好な特性を発現することを特徴とする。2-プロパノールは、水よりも膜中の有機物を溶解しやすいため、本発明の液晶配向膜の洗浄液としては、2-プロパノールを含有する洗浄液がより好ましい。
本発明の液晶表示素子は、前記液晶配向膜の製造方法によって得られた液晶配向膜を具備することを特徴とする。
本発明の液晶表示素子は、上記した手法によって本発明に記載の液晶配向処理剤から前記液晶配向膜の製造方法によって液晶配向膜付きの基板を得た後、公知の方法で液晶セルを作製し、それを使用して液晶表示素子としたものである。
まず、透明なガラス製の基板を準備し、一方の基板の上にコモン電極を、他方の基板の上にセグメント電極を設ける。これらの電極は、例えばITO電極とすることができ、所望の画像表示ができるようパターニングされる。次いで、各基板の上に、コモン電極とセグメント電極を被覆するようにして絶縁膜を設ける。絶縁膜は、例えば、ゾル-ゲル法によって形成されたSiO2-TiO2からなる膜とすることができる。
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ
DA-2:下記式(DA-2)
DA-3:下記式(DA-3)
DAH-1:下記式(DAH-1)
添加剤A:N-α―(9-フルオレニルメトキシカルボニル)-N-τ-t-ブトキシカルボニル-L-ヒスチジン
合成例において、ポリイミド前駆体溶液の粘度は、E型粘度計TVE-22H(東機産業社製)を用い、サンプル量1.1mL)、コーンロータTE-1(1°34’、R24)、温度25℃で測定した。
また、ポリイミド前駆体及び該イミド化重合体の分子量はGPC(常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー)装置によって測定し、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレンオキシド換算値として数平均分子量(以下、Mnとも言う。)と重量平均分子量(以下、Mwとも言う。)を算出した。
GPC装置:Shodex社製(GPC-101)
カラム:Shodex社製(KD803、KD805の直列)
カラム温度:50℃
溶離液:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム-水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10ml/L)
流速:1.0mL/分
フリンジフィールドスィッチング(Fringe Field Switching:以下、FFSという)モード液晶表示素子の構成を備えた液晶セルを作製する。
始めに、電極付きの基板を準備した。基板は、30mm×50mmの大きさで、厚さが0.7mmのガラス基板である。基板上には第1層目として対向電極を構成する、ベタ状のパターンを備えたITO電極が形成されている。第1層目の対向電極の上には第2層目として、CVD法により成膜されたSiN(窒化珪素)膜が形成されている。
上記した残像評価に使用した液晶セルと同様の構造の液晶セルを準備した。
この液晶セルを用い、60℃の恒温環境下、周波数60Hzで±5Vの交流電圧を200時間印加した。その後、液晶セルの画素電極と対向電極との間をショートさせた状態にし、そのまま室温に一日放置した。
合成例におけるポリイミドのイミド化率は次のようにして測定した。ポリイミド粉末20mgをNMRサンプル管(NMRサンプリングチューブスタンダード,φ5(草野科学製))に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6,0.05%TMS(テトラメチルシラン)混合品)(0.53mL)を添加し、超音波をかけて完全に溶解させた。この溶液をNMR測定機(JNW-ECA500)(日本電子データム製)にて500MHzのプロトンNMRを測定した。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
上記式において、xはアミド酸のNH基由来のプロトンピーク積算値、yは基準プロトンのピーク積算値、αはポリアミド酸(イミド化率が0%)の場合におけるアミド酸のNH基プロトン1個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの100mL四つ口フラスコに、1,2-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)エタンを4.89g(20.02mmol)取り、NMPを69.75g加えて、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を撹拌しながら1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物を3.72g(18.97mmol)添加し、更に固形分濃度が10質量%になるようにNMPを加え、室温で24時間撹拌してポリアミック酸(PAA-1)の溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液の温度25℃における粘度は143mPa・sであった。また、このポリアミック酸の分子量はMn=12777、Mw=29720であった。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの2000mL四つ口フラスコに、1,2-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)エタンを110.47g(452mmol)、DA-2を18.94g(79.5mmol)取り、NMPを1587g加えて、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を撹拌しながら1,3-ジメチル-1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物を111.18g(496mmol)添加し、更に固形分濃度が12質量%になるようにNMPを加え、40℃で20時間撹拌してポリアミック酸(PAA-2)の溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液の温度25℃における粘度は183mPa・sであった。また、このポリアミック酸の分子量はMn=12356、Mw=25544であった。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの3000mL四つ口フラスコに得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-2)を950g取り、NMPを678g加え、30分撹拌した。得られたポリアミック酸溶液に、無水酢酸を77.11g、ピリジンを19.92g加えて、60℃で3時間加熱し、化学イミド化を行った。得られた反応液を6600mLのメタノールに撹拌しながら投入し、析出した沈殿物をろ取し、続いて、6600mLのメタノールで3回洗浄し、2000mLのメタノールで2回洗浄した。得られた樹脂粉末を60℃で12時間乾燥することで、ポリイミド樹脂粉末を得た。
このポリイミド樹脂粉末のイミド化率は、75%、分子量はMn=8156、Mw=17408であった。
撹拌子を入れた200mL三角フラスコに得られたポリイミド樹脂粉末20.69gを取り、NMPを151.71g加え、40℃で24時間撹拌し溶解させて、ポリイミド溶液(PI-1)を得た。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの200mL四つ口フラスコに、1,2-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)エタンを4.20g(17.19mmol)、DA-3を7.70g(25.81mmol)取り、NMPを158g加えて、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を撹拌しながらDAH-1を12.02g(40.85mmol)添加し、更に固形分濃度が12質量%になるようにNMPを加え、室温で24時間撹拌してポリアミック酸(PAA-6)の溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液の温度25℃における粘度は390mPa・sであった。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの500mL四つ口フラスコに、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエタンを8.81g(44.0mmol)、DA-3を19.69g(65.99mmol)取り、NMPを146g加えて、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を撹拌しながら1,2,3,4-ブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物を6.54g(33.0mmol)添加し、更に固形分濃度が15質量%になるようにNMPを加え、室温で2時間撹拌した。
次に、NMPを146g加えて、DAH-1を22.01g(74.81mmol)添加し、更に固形分濃度が12質量%になるようにNMPを加えて、室温で24時間撹拌し、ポリアミック酸(PAA-7)の溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液の温度25℃における粘度は399mPa・sであった。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの1000mL四つ口フラスコに、DA-3を59.75g(200mmol)取り、NMPを284g加えて、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を撹拌しながら1,2,3,4-ブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物を11.89g(60.01mmol)添加し、更に固形分濃度が15質量%になるようにNMPを加え、室温で2時間撹拌した。
次に、NMPを284g加えて、DAH-1を39.43g(134mmol)添加し、更に固形分濃度が12質量%になるようにNMPを加えて、室温で24時間撹拌し、ポリアミック酸(PAA-8)の溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液の温度25℃における粘度は405mPa・sであった。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの2000mL四つ口フラスコに、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルアミンを63.76g(320mmol)、3,5-ジアミノ安息香酸を12.17g(79.99mmol)取り、NMPを1094g加えて、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を撹拌しながら、DAH-1を112.59g(383mmol)添加し、更に固形分濃度が12質量%になるようにNMPを加えて、室温で24時間撹拌し、ポリアミック酸(PAA-9)の溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液の温度25℃における粘度は384mPa・sであった。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの2000mL四つ口フラスコに、DA-3を119.35g(400mmol)取り、NMPを1536g加えて、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を撹拌しながら、DAH-1を39.43g(386mmol)添加し、更に固形分濃度が12質量%になるようにNMPを加えて、室温で24時間撹拌し、ポリアミック酸(PAA-10)の溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液の温度25℃における粘度は372mPa・sであった。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの100mL四つ口フラスコに、4,4’-ジアミノ-1,2-ジフェニルエタンを4.25g(20.02mmol)取り、NMPを70.85g加えて、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を撹拌しながら1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物を3.82g(19.48mmol)添加し、更に固形分濃度が10質量%になるようにNMPを加え、室温で24時間撹拌してポリアミック酸(PAA-3)の溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液の温度25℃における粘度は156mPa・sであった。また、このポリアミック酸の分子量はMn=13966、Mw=33163であった。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの100mL四つ口フラスコに、1,3-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)プロパンを5.17g(20.01mmol)取り、NMPを72.03g加えて、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を撹拌しながら1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物を3.79g(19.33mmol)添加し、更に固形分濃度が10質量%になるようにNMPを加え、室温で24時間撹拌してポリアミック酸(PAA-4)の溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液の温度25℃における粘度は162mPa・sであった。また、このポリアミック酸の分子量はMn=25902、Mw=40413であった。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの3000mL四つ口フラスコに、NMPを1378g加えて、1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物を98.05g(0.502mol)添加した。このテトラカルボン酸二無水物のスラリー液を撹拌しながら、p-フェニレンジアミンを52.18g(0.483mol)添加し、更に固形分濃度が8質量%になるようにNMPを加え、室温で24時間撹拌してポリアミック酸(PAA-5)の溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液の温度25℃における粘度は182mPa・sであった。また、このポリアミック酸の分子量はMn=18712、Mw=41702であった。
撹拌子を入れた20mLサンプル管に、合成例1で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-1)を12.00g取り、NMPを4.03g、及びBCSを4.00g加えて、マグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し液晶配向剤(A-1)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた20mLサンプル管に、比較合成例1で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-3)を12.06g取り、NMPを4.09g、及びBCSを4.03g加えて、マグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し液晶配向剤(B-1)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた20mLサンプル管に、比較合成例2で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-4)を12.06g取り、NMPを4.02g、及びBCSを4.13g加えて、マグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し液晶配向剤(B-2)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた20mLサンプル管に、比較合成例3で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-5)を5.02g取り、NMPを3.00g、及びBCSを2.00g加えて、マグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し液晶配向剤(B-3)を得た。
実施例1で得られた液晶配向剤(A-1)を1.0μmのフィルターで濾過した後、準備された上記電極付き基板と裏面にITO膜が成膜されている高さ4μmの柱状スペーサーを有するガラス基板に、スピンコート塗布にて塗布した。80℃のホットプレート上で5分間乾燥させた後、230℃の熱風循環式オーブンで20分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの塗膜を形成させた。この塗膜面に偏光板を介して消光比26:1の直線偏光した波長254nmの紫外線を1.0J/cm2照射した。
配向膜付き基板の洗浄を水で行った以外は、実施例2と同様の方法でFFS駆動液晶セルを作製した。このFFS駆動液晶セルについて、長期交流駆動による残像評価を実施した。長期交流駆動後におけるこの液晶セルの角度Δの値は、0.61度であった。
比較例1で得られた液晶配向剤(B-1)を用いた以外は、実施例2と同様の方法でFFS駆動液晶セルを作製した。このFFS駆動液晶セルについて、長期交流駆動による残像評価を実施した。長期交流駆動後におけるこの液晶セルの角度Δの値は、0.74度であった。
比較例2で得られた液晶配向剤(B-2)を用いた以外は、実施例2と同様の方法でFFS駆動液晶セルを作製した。このFFS駆動液晶セルについて、長期交流駆動による残像評価を実施した。長期交流駆動後におけるこの液晶セルの角度Δの値は、1.28度であった。
比較例3で得られた液晶配向剤(B-3)を用い、偏光板を介して254nmの紫外線を1.5J/cm2照射した以外は、実施例3と同様の方法でFFS駆動液晶セルを作製した。このFFS駆動液晶セルについて、長期交流駆動による残像評価を実施した。長期交流駆動後におけるこの液晶セルの角度Δの値は、1.02度であった。
撹拌子を入れた20mLサンプル管に、合成例3で得られたポリイミド溶液(PI-1)を10.73g取り、NMPを5.27g、及びBCSを4.00g加えて、マグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し液晶配向剤(A-2)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた20mLサンプル管に、合成例3で得られたポリイミド溶液(PI-1)を5.56g、合成例4で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-6)を5.47g取り、NMPを4.97g、BCSを4.01g、及び添加剤Aを0.19g加えて、マグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し液晶配向剤(A-3)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた20mLサンプル管に、合成例3で得られたポリイミド溶液(PI-1)を5.54g、合成例5で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-7)を5.07g取り、NMPを5.38g、BCSを4.01g、及び添加剤Aを0.19g加えて、マグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し液晶配向剤(A-4)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた20mLサンプル管に、合成例3で得られたポリイミド溶液(PI-1)を5.52g、合成例6で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-8)を5.49g取り、NMPを4.99g、BCSを4.00g、及び添加剤Aを0.19g加えて、マグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し液晶配向剤(A-5)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた20mLサンプル管に、合成例3で得られたポリイミド溶液(PI-1)を5.49g、合成例7で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-9)を5.22g取り、NMPを5.28g、BCSを4.03g、及び添加剤Aを0.19g加えて、マグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し液晶配向剤(A-6)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた20mLサンプル管に、合成例3で得られたポリイミド溶液(PI-1)を5.54g、合成例8で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-10)を5.48g取り、NMPを4.98g、BCSを4.01g、及び添加剤Aを0.19g加えて、マグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し液晶配向剤(A-7)を得た。
実施例4で得られた液晶配向剤(A-2)を孔径1.0μmのフィルターで濾過した後、準備された上記電極付き基板と裏面にITO膜が成膜されている高さ4μmの柱状スペーサーを有するガラス基板に、スピンコート塗布にて塗布した。80℃のホットプレート上で5分間乾燥させた後、230℃の熱風循環式オーブンで20分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの塗膜を形成させた。この塗膜面に偏光板を介して消光比26:1の直線偏光した波長254nmの紫外線を0.2J/cm2照射した。
実施例5で得られた液晶配向剤(A-3)を用いた以外は、実施例10と同様の方法でFFS駆動液晶セルを作製した。このFFS駆動液晶セルについて、長期交流駆動による残像評価を実施した。長期交流駆動後におけるこの液晶セルの角度Δの値は、0.51度であった。
実施例6で得られた液晶配向剤(A-4)を用いた以外は、実施例10と同様の方法でFFS駆動液晶セルを作製した。このFFS駆動液晶セルについて、長期交流駆動による残像評価を実施した。長期交流駆動後におけるこの液晶セルの角度Δの値は、0.55度であった。
実施例7で得られた液晶配向剤(A-5)を用いた以外は、実施例10と同様の方法でFFS駆動液晶セルを作製した。このFFS駆動液晶セルについて、長期交流駆動による残像評価を実施した。長期交流駆動後におけるこの液晶セルの角度Δの値は、0.50度であった。
実施例8で得られた液晶配向剤(A-6)を用いた以外は、実施例10と同様の方法でFFS駆動液晶セルを作製した。このFFS駆動液晶セルについて、長期交流駆動による残像評価を実施した。長期交流駆動後におけるこの液晶セルの角度Δの値は、0.48度であった。
実施例9で得られた液晶配向剤(A-7)を用いた以外は、実施例10と同様の方法でFFS駆動液晶セルを作製した。このFFS駆動液晶セルについて、長期交流駆動による残像評価を実施した。長期交流駆動後におけるこの液晶セルの角度Δの値は、0.51度であった。
配向膜付き基板の洗浄を水と2-プロパノール混合溶液(水:2-プロパノール=50:50)で行った以外は、実施例10と同様の方法でFFS駆動液晶セルを作製した。このFFS駆動液晶セルについて、長期交流駆動による残像評価を実施した。長期交流駆動後におけるこの液晶セルの角度Δの値は、0.40度であった。
Claims (9)
- 上記重合体が、式(1)で表される構造単位を全構造単位1モルに対して、60モル%以上含有するポリイミド前駆体及び該ポリイミド前駆体のイミド化重合体からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種類である請求項1に記載の光配向法用の液晶配向剤。
- 上記式(1)において、X1が式(X1-1)で表される構造からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種類である請求項1又は2のいずれかに記載の光配向法用の液晶配向剤。
- 式(1)で表される構造単位を有するポリイミド前駆体又は該ポリイミド前駆体のイミド化重合体が、5000~300000の重量平均分子量を有する請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の光配向法用の液晶配向剤。
- 上記重合体の含有量が、1重量%以上10重量%以下である請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の光配向法用の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の光配向法用の液晶配向剤を塗布、焼成して得られる液晶配向膜。
- 請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の光配向法用の液晶配向剤を塗布、焼成し、次いで、直線に偏光された紫外線を照射し、洗浄液で洗浄することによって、得られる液晶配向膜。
- 請求項7又は8に記載の液晶配向膜を具備する液晶表示素子。
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