WO2013157289A1 - 車載電源装置 - Google Patents

車載電源装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013157289A1
WO2013157289A1 PCT/JP2013/053221 JP2013053221W WO2013157289A1 WO 2013157289 A1 WO2013157289 A1 WO 2013157289A1 JP 2013053221 W JP2013053221 W JP 2013053221W WO 2013157289 A1 WO2013157289 A1 WO 2013157289A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
vehicle
power supply
supply device
power
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PCT/JP2013/053221
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
瀧北 守
松田 洋平
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三菱電機株式会社
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Application filed by 三菱電機株式会社 filed Critical 三菱電機株式会社
Priority to EP13778064.9A priority Critical patent/EP2840405B1/en
Priority to CN201380007600.4A priority patent/CN104105974B/zh
Priority to US14/350,392 priority patent/US9656569B2/en
Publication of WO2013157289A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013157289A1/ja

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0069Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/52Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/18Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0036Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using connection detecting circuits
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00Converter types
    • B60L2210/10DC to DC converters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/36Temperature of vehicle components or parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547Voltage
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an in-vehicle power supply device mounted on a vehicle having a driving battery and an auxiliary battery such as an electric vehicle and a hybrid vehicle.
  • Such a vehicle has a battery for driving which operates a traveling motor with the electric power in addition to the battery for the auxiliary device that supplies electric power to the auxiliary device, as in the case of a conventional vehicle. Therefore, it is necessary to charge the driving battery, and it is necessary to charge the auxiliary battery similarly to the conventional automobile.
  • the power of the driving battery is converted into DC power by the DC power converter to charge the auxiliary battery.
  • the power is supplied from the driving battery to the DC power converter through the harness, and the auxiliary battery is similarly charged to the auxiliary battery through the harness.
  • the electric power supplied from the driving battery needs to cover the electric power used by the auxiliary machine.
  • the driving battery has a high voltage, the current is about 10 A, but a shield wire is used for the harness to insulate it for electric shock prevention.
  • the power to charge the auxiliary battery is as low as about 14 V, but a large current of 100 A or more, so a thick harness is used on the plus side of the output of the DC power converter. Since the negative side of the output has the same potential as the vehicle chassis, the casing of the DC power converter is set to the negative side, and is connected directly to the vehicle chassis with a thick harness or a screw as in the positive side.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a device for detecting leakage of a driving battery used in a DC power converter.
  • the leakage detection device disclosed in Patent Document 1 is connected in series between a high-voltage DC power source mounted on a vehicle and electrically separated from the vehicle chassis, and a positive side and a negative side of the high-voltage DC power source.
  • the voltage measuring unit for measuring the voltage across the leakage detecting resistor and the leakage determining unit for determining leakage from the output of the voltage measuring unit are used to open and close the connection between the leakage detecting resistor and the chassis. By doing so, the dielectric breakdown by the leakage detection device itself is generated intermittently.
  • the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and detects that the current path on the negative side from the auxiliary battery to the power converter is disconnected or has a poor contact, and can prevent fire or electric leakage.
  • the object is to provide an in-vehicle power supply device that prevents danger.
  • An in-vehicle power supply device supplies a driving battery mounted on a vehicle, an auxiliary battery that supplies electric power to an auxiliary device of the vehicle, and supplies electric power from the driving battery to the auxiliary battery.
  • An in-vehicle power supply device supplies a driving battery mounted on a vehicle, an auxiliary battery that supplies electric power to an auxiliary device of the vehicle, and supplies electric power from the driving battery to the auxiliary battery.
  • a direct current power converter, a controller for controlling the direct current power converter, the drive battery and the direct current power converter, and a first connection means protected by a shield, and the direct current power converter And detecting a connection abnormality of the second connection means by comprising a second connection means for connecting the negative side of the battery for auxiliary machinery and a detection means for detecting a connection abnormality of the second connection means, By stopping the charging of the auxiliary battery or reducing the electric power, it is possible to prevent the first connection means from a fire or a leakage.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration of an in-vehicle power supply device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • an in-vehicle power supply device 100 accommodates a DC power conversion unit 1, a control unit 2 that controls the DC power conversion unit 1, a voltage sensor 3, a DC power conversion unit 1, a control unit 2, and a voltage sensor 3.
  • a housing 4 is provided.
  • the DC power converter 1 is connected to a driving battery 5 that supplies a high voltage by a driving battery harness 7 that is a first connecting means protected by a shield 6.
  • the positive output of the DC power conversion unit 1 is connected to the positive terminal of the auxiliary battery 11 that supplies power to the auxiliary machine 10 through the auxiliary positive terminal 8 and the auxiliary battery positive harness 9 of the second connecting means. It is connected.
  • the negative output of the DC power converter 1 is connected to the housing 4. Furthermore, the housing 4 is connected to the negative electrode of the auxiliary battery 11 via the auxiliary negative terminal 12 and the auxiliary battery negative harness 13 of the third connecting means.
  • the control unit 2 is connected to the auxiliary battery 11 through a control unit power terminal 14 and a control unit ground terminal 15.
  • the voltage sensor 3 is provided in the housing 4, measures the voltage of the housing 4, and inputs the result to the control unit 2.
  • the shield 6 is grounded.
  • the in-vehicle power converter according to Embodiment 1 is configured as described above, and the operation thereof will be described next.
  • the output current of the DC power conversion unit 1 charges the auxiliary battery 11 through the auxiliary positive terminal 8 and the auxiliary battery positive harness 9 and the auxiliary battery negative harness. 13, return to DC power converter 1 through auxiliary terminal negative terminal 12 and housing 4.
  • the auxiliary battery positive harness 9 and the auxiliary battery negative harness 13 are used for large currents and have a low resistance value, the value of the voltage sensor 3 is close to zero.
  • the auxiliary equipment negative terminal 12 and the auxiliary battery negative harness 13 are disconnected, or if a connection abnormality occurs, such as when the connection is incomplete and the contact resistance increases, the auxiliary equipment The output current from the positive terminal 8 returns to the housing 4 through the shield 6.
  • the shield 6 Since the shield 6 does not assume that a large current flows for insulation purposes, the shield 6 has a large resistance value, and the voltage sensor 3 increases in value and generates heat. Therefore, when the value of the voltage sensor 3 exceeds a certain threshold value, the control unit 2 stops the output by controlling the DC power conversion unit 1. Alternatively, the output current of the DC power converter 1 is suppressed so as not to exceed the threshold value. As a result, it is possible to avoid heat generation or ignition of the shield 6 or electric leakage caused thereby.
  • the voltage sensor 3 detects connection abnormality such as disconnection of the negative current path from the auxiliary battery 11 to the DC power conversion unit 1 or connection failure.
  • connection abnormality such as disconnection of the negative current path from the auxiliary battery 11 to the DC power conversion unit 1 or connection failure.
  • Embodiment 2 an in-vehicle power supply device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described.
  • the voltage sensor detects that the negative current path from the auxiliary battery to the DC power converter is disconnected or has a poor connection, but the current sensor is used instead of the voltage sensor. Even if it is used, the same effect can be obtained.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of the in-vehicle power supply device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the in-vehicle power supply device 200 is configured such that the current sensor 20 measures the current flowing through the casing 4 and the auxiliary battery negative harness 13 and inputs the result to the control unit 2.
  • the current sensor 20 measures the current flowing through the casing 4 and the auxiliary battery negative harness 13 and inputs the result to the control unit 2.
  • the description is abbreviate
  • the in-vehicle power supply device is configured as described above, and the operation thereof will be described next.
  • the output current of the DC power converter 1 charges the auxiliary battery 11 through the auxiliary positive terminal 8 and the auxiliary battery positive harness 9 of the second connecting means, and the third Return to the DC power converter 1 through the battery negative harness 13 for auxiliary equipment, the negative terminal 12 for auxiliary equipment and the housing 4 of the connecting means.
  • the auxiliary battery positive side harness 9 and the auxiliary battery negative side harness 13 are used for large currents and have a low resistance value. Therefore, the power loss is low, and the value of the current sensor 20 is the output of the DC power conversion unit 1. Equal to current.
  • the auxiliary equipment negative terminal 12 and the auxiliary battery negative harness 13 are disconnected, or if a connection abnormality occurs, such as when the connection is incomplete and the contact resistance increases, the auxiliary equipment The output current from the positive terminal 8 returns to the housing 4 through the shield 6.
  • the value of the current sensor 20 becomes smaller than the output current of the DC power converter 1.
  • the controller 2 controls the DC power converter 1 and stops output.
  • the output current of the DC power conversion unit 1 so as not to exceed the threshold value, it is possible to avoid heat generation and ignition of the shield 6 or leakage due thereto.
  • any of the first and second embodiments power is supplied from the driving battery 5 to the DC power converter 1 through the driving battery harness 7, and the auxiliary battery 11 is supplied.
  • the embodiment has been described in which charging is performed through the auxiliary battery positive harness 9, power is supplied from the auxiliary battery 11 through the auxiliary battery positive harness 9 to the DC power converter 1 to drive the driving battery 5.
  • the same effect can be obtained with a system in which charging is performed through the driving battery harness 7.
  • the in-vehicle power supply device detects that the negative current path from the auxiliary battery to the DC power converter is disconnected or has a poor contact, and charges the auxiliary battery. By stopping the operation or reducing the electric power, it is possible to prevent the dangers of heat generation, ignition and electric leakage, leading to the spread of environmentally friendly electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles.
  • this invention is not limited to these, Within the range of the invention, each embodiment can be combined freely and each embodiment can be suitably changed and abbreviate

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

 車両に搭載される駆動用電池(5)と、前記車両の補機(10)に電力を給電する補機用電池(11)と、駆動用電池(5)からの電力を補機用電池(11)へ供給する直流電力変換部(1)と、直流電力変換部(1)を制御する制御部(2)と、駆動用電池(5)と直流電力変換部(1)とを接続すると共に、シールド(6)で保護された駆動用電池ハーネス(7)と、直流電力変換部(1)と補機用電池の負側とを接続する補機用電池負側ハーネス(13)と、補機用電池負側ハーネス(13)の接続異常を検出する電圧センサ(3)とを備えた。

Description

車載電源装置
 この発明は、電気自動車やハイブリッド自動車などのように駆動用電池と補機用電池を有する車両に搭載される車載電源装置に関するものである。
 近年においては、環境にやさしい自動車として、電気自動車やハイブリッド自動車が開発されている。このような自動車は、従来の自動車同様、補機へ電力を供給する補機用電池に加え、その電力により走行モータを動作させる駆動用電池を有している。従って、駆動用電池を充電する必要があると共に、従来の自動車同様に補機用電池を充電する必要がある。補機用電池の充電を行なう場合は、直流電力変換装置により駆動用電池の電力を直流電力変換し、補機用電池を充電する。
 駆動用電池からハーネスを通して直流電力変換装置に電力が供給され、補機用電池へも同様にハーネスを通して補機用電池を充電する。ここで、駆動用電池から供給される電力は、補機が使用する電力を賄う必要がある。駆動用電池は高電圧のため電流は10A程度となるが、感電防止用に絶縁するためハーネスにはシールド線が使用される。補機用電池へ充電する電力は、電圧が14V程度と低いが、100A以上の大電流となるため、直流電力変換装置の出力のプラス側は太いハーネスが用いられる。出力のマイナス側は車両シャーシと同電位のため、直流電力変換装置の筐体をマイナス側とし、プラス側同様太いハーネス、またはネジなどで直接車両シャーシへ接続される。
 ところで、特開平8-320352号公報(特許文献1)には、直流電力変換装置に用いられる駆動用電池の漏電を検知する装置が開示されている。この特許文献1に開示された漏電検知装置は、車両に搭載されてその車両シャーシから電気的に分離された高圧直流電源と、この高圧直流電源のプラス側とマイナス側との間に直列に接続された2個の高抵抗値の保護用抵抗と、一端が前記保護用抵抗同士の接続部に接続された漏電検出抵抗と、この漏電検出抵抗の他端とシャーシとの接続を開閉するスイッチと、前記漏電検出抵抗の両端電圧を測定する電圧測定部と、この電圧測定部の出力より漏電を判定する漏電判定部とを備えたもので、前記スイッチにより漏電検出抵抗とシャーシとの接続を開閉させることにより、漏電検出装置自身による絶縁破壊を間欠的に発生させるものである。
特開平8-320352号公報
 前記特許文献1に開示された漏電検知装置においては、駆動用電池から直流電力変換装置へのハーネス異常などによる駆動用電池の漏電を検知することは可能であるが、直流電力変換装置から補機用電池へのハーネス異常については検知出来ないものである。その結果、例えば、補機用電池から直流電力変換装置への負側の電流路が外れたり接触不良になった場合に、電流路が駆動用電池のシールドとなり、シールドが発熱し発火したり、絶縁被膜が溶融し駆動用電池が漏電するという問題があった。
 この発明は、かかる問題点を解決するためになされたものであり、補機用電池から電力変換装置への負側の電流路が外れたり接触不良になったことを検出し、火災や漏電の危険を未然に防ぐ車載電源装置の提供を目的とするものである。
 この発明による車載電源装置は、車両に搭載される駆動用電池と、前記車両の補機に電力を給電する補機用電池と、前記駆動用電池からの電力を前記補機用電池へ供給する直流電力変換部と、前記直流電力変換部を制御する制御部と、前記駆動用電池と前記直流電力変換部とを接続すると共に、シールドで保護された第1接続手段と、前記直流電力変換部と前記補機用電池の負側とを接続する第2接続手段と、前記第2接続手段の接続異常を検出する検出手段とを備えたものである。
 この発明による車載電源装置は、車両に搭載される駆動用電池と、前記車両の補機に電力を給電する補機用電池と、前記駆動用電池からの電力を前記補機用電池へ供給する直流電力変換部と、前記直流電力変換部を制御する制御部と、前記駆動用電池と前記直流電力変換部とを接続すると共に、シールドで保護された第1接続手段と、前記直流電力変換部と前記補機用電池の負側とを接続する第2接続手段と、前記第2接続手段の接続異常を検出する検出手段とを備えることにより、前記第2接続手段の接続異常を検出し、前記補機用電池への充電を停止したり電力を低減することにより、前記第1接続手段の火災や漏電の危険を未然に防ぐことができる。
この発明の実施の形態1による車載電源装置の全体構成を示すブロック図である。 この発明の実施の形態2による車載電源装置の全体構成を示すブロック図である。
実施の形態1.
 図1は、この発明の実施の形態1による車載電源装置の全体構成を示すブロック図である。
 図1において、車載電源装置100は、直流電力変換部1と、直流電力変換部1を制御する制御部2と、電圧センサ3と、直流電力変換部1、制御部2、電圧センサ3を収容する筐体4を有している。直流電力変換部1は、高電圧を供給する駆動用電池5とシールド6により保護された第1接続手段の駆動用電池ハーネス7で接続されている。直流電力変換部1の正側出力は、補機用正端子8と第2接続手段の補機用電池正側ハーネス9を介し、補機10へ電源を供給する補機用電池11の正極と接続されている。また、直流電力変換部1の負側出力は、筐体4と接続されている。さらに筐体4は、補機用負端子12と第3接続手段の補機用電池負側ハーネス13を介して補機用電池11の負極と接続されている。制御部2は、制御部用電源端子14と制御部用接地端子15により補機用電池11に接続されている。電圧センサ3は筐体4内に設けられると共に筐体4の電圧を測定し、その結果を制御部2に入力している。なお、シールド6は接地されている。
 実施の形態1による車載電力変換装置は前記のように構成されており、次にその動作について説明する。
 正常動作時においては、直流電力変換部1の出力電流は、補機用正端子8、補機用電池正側ハーネス9を通って補機用電池11を充電し、補機用電池負側ハーネス13、補機用負端子12、筐体4を通って直流電力変換部1に戻る。この時、補機用電池正側ハーネス9と補機用電池負側ハーネス13は大電流用途であり抵抗値が低いため、電圧センサ3の値はゼロに近い。しかし、補機用負端子12と補機用電池負側ハーネス13が外れた場合、あるいは接続が不完全になり接触抵抗が増加した場合などのように接続異常が生じた場合は、補機用正端子8からの出力電流はシールド6を通って筐体4に戻ることになる。
 シールド6は、絶縁用途で大電流を流すことを想定していないため、抵抗値が大きく、電圧センサ3の値が大きくなると共に発熱する。そこで、制御部2は、電圧センサ3の値がある閾値を越えた場合、直流電力変換部1を制御することにより出力を停止する。または、閾値を超えないように直流電力変換部1の出力電流を抑制する。これによって、シールド6の発熱や発火、またはそれによる漏電を回避することが可能となる。
 以上のように、実施の形態1による車載電源装置によれば、補機用電池11から直流電力変換部1への負側の電流路が外れたり接続不良などのような接続異常を電圧センサ3により検出し、補機用電池11への充電を停止したり、電力を低減することにより、駆動電池用ハーネス6の火災や漏電の危険を未然に防ぐことができる。
実施の形態2.
 次に、この発明の実施の形態1による車載電源装置について説明する。実施の形態1では、補機用電池から直流電力変換部への負側の電流路が外れたり接続不良になったことを電圧センサにより検出するものであるが、電圧センサの代わりに電流センサを用いても同様の効果を得ることができる。
 図2は、この発明の実施の形態2による車載電源装置の全体構成を示すブロック図である。図2において、車載電源装置200は、電流センサ20が筐体4と補機用電池負側ハーネス13を流れる電流を測定し、その結果を制御部2に入力するように構成されている。なお、その他の構成については、実施の形態1と同様であり、同一符号を付すことにより、その説明を省略する。
 実施の形態2による車載電源装置は前記のように構成されており、次にその動作について説明する。
 正常動作時においては、直流電力変換部1の出力電流は、補機用正端子8、第2接続手段の補機用電池正側ハーネス9を通って補機用電池11を充電し、第3接続手段の補機用電池負側ハーネス13、補機用負端子12、筐体4を通り直流電力変換部1に戻る。この時、補機用電池正側ハーネス9と補機用電池負側ハーネス13は大電流用途であり抵抗値が低いため、電力損失が低く、電流センサ20の値は直流電力変換部1の出力電流に等しい。しかし、補機用負端子12と補機用電池負側ハーネス13が外れた場合、あるいは接続が不完全になり接触抵抗が増加した場合などのように接続異常が生じた場合は、補機用正端子8からの出力電流はシールド6を通って筐体4に戻ることになる。
 これにより電流センサ20の値が直流電力変換部1の出力電流に比して小さくなる。制御部2は電流センサ20の値と直流電力変換部1の出力電流の差が、ある閾値を越えた場合、直流電力変換部1を制御し、出力を停止する。または、閾値を越えないように直流電力変換部1の出力電流を抑制することによって、シールド6の発熱や発火、またはそれによる漏電を回避することが可能となる。
 なお、前記においては、電流センサ20が補機用電池負側ハーネス13の電流を測定している場合について説明したが、シールド6の電流、あるいは温度を測定するように構成しても同様の効果が得られる。
 また、実施の形態1および実施の形態2の何れの実施の形態においても、駆動用電池5から駆動用電池ハーネス7を通して直流電力変換部1に電力を供給し、補機用電池11に対して補機用電池正側ハーネス9を通して充電を行なう実施の形態について説明したが、補機用電池11から補機用電池正側ハーネス9を通して直流電力変換部1に電力を供給し、駆動用電池5に対して駆動用電池ハーネス7を通して充電を行う方式のものでも同様の効果が得られる。
 以上説明したように、この発明による車載電源装置は、補機用電池から直流電力変換部への負側の電流路が外れたり接触不良になったことを検出し、補機用電池への充電を停止したり、電力を低減することにより、発熱、発火や漏電の危険を未然に防ぐことができ、環境にやさしい電気自動車やハイブリッド自動車の普及に繋げることができる。
 なお、この発明はこれらに限定されるものでなく、その発明の範囲内において、各実施の形態を自由に組み合わせたり、各実施の形態を適宜、変形、省略することが可能である。

Claims (7)

  1.  車両に搭載される駆動用電池と、
     前記車両の補機に電力を給電する補機用電池と、
     前記駆動用電池からの電力を前記補機用電池へ供給する直流電力変換部と、
     前記直流電力変換部を制御する制御部と、
     前記駆動用電池と前記直流電力変換部とを接続すると共に、シールドで保護された第1接続手段と、
     前記直流電力変換部と前記補機用電池の負側とを接続する第2接続手段と、
     前記第2接続手段の接続異常を検出する検出手段と、
    を備えたことを特徴とする車載電源装置。
  2.  前記直流電力変換部と前記制御部、及び前記検出手段を収容する筐体を備え、前記検出手段は、前記筐体の電圧を測定し、接続異常を検出することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車載電源装置。
  3.  前記検出手段は、前記第2接続手段を流れる電流を測定し、接続異常を検出することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車載電源装置。
  4.  前記検出手段は、前記第1接続手段のシールドの電流を測定し、接続異常を検出することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車載電源装置。
  5.  前記検出手段は、前記第1接続手段のシールドの温度を測定し、接続異常を検出することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車載電源装置。
  6.  前記制御部は、前記検出手段が接続異常を検出した場合、前記直流電力変換部の出力を停止することを特徴とする請求項1から5の何れか一項に記載の車載電源装置。
  7.  前記制御部は、前記検出手段が接続異常を検出しないように、前記直流電力変換部の出力を制御することを特徴とする請求項1から5の何れか一項に記載の車載電源装置。
PCT/JP2013/053221 2012-04-19 2013-02-12 車載電源装置 WO2013157289A1 (ja)

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