WO2013146834A1 - 油脂組成物及びチョコレート - Google Patents
油脂組成物及びチョコレート Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013146834A1 WO2013146834A1 PCT/JP2013/058907 JP2013058907W WO2013146834A1 WO 2013146834 A1 WO2013146834 A1 WO 2013146834A1 JP 2013058907 W JP2013058907 W JP 2013058907W WO 2013146834 A1 WO2013146834 A1 WO 2013146834A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- fat
- weight
- chocolate
- stost
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 235000019219 chocolate Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- -1 PPO triglycerides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- NGVDGCNFYWLIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxal 5'-phosphate Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(COP(O)(O)=O)C(C=O)=C1O NGVDGCNFYWLIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 claims description 185
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims description 177
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 129
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 128
- 244000299461 Theobroma cacao Species 0.000 claims description 76
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 48
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 42
- VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 claims description 16
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019879 cocoa butter substitute Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010685 fatty oil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000005764 Theobroma cacao ssp. cacao Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000005767 Theobroma cacao ssp. sphaerocarpum Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000001046 cacaotero Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000019868 cocoa butter Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229940110456 cocoa butter Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000009470 Theobroma cacao Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- XIRNKXNNONJFQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl hexadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC XIRNKXNNONJFQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002431 foraging effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000282693 Cercopithecidae Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol Natural products OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019485 Safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000018936 Vitellaria paradoxa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- MVLVMROFTAUDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC MVLVMROFTAUDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940067592 ethyl palmitate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010773 plant oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019222 white chocolate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000008939 whole milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019220 whole milk chocolate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXNBVULTHKFMNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)(O)C(O)=O SXNBVULTHKFMNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000228212 Aspergillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000222120 Candida <Saccharomycetales> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000223198 Humicola Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000235395 Mucor Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012356 Product development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000235527 Rhizopus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009500 colour coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019221 dark chocolate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005313 fatty acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019659 mouth feeling Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002374 sebum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G1/00—Cocoa; Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
- A23G1/30—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
- A23G1/32—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
- A23G1/36—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by the fats used
- A23G1/38—Cocoa butter substitutes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
- A23D9/02—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by the production or working-up
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B7/00—Separation of mixtures of fats or fatty oils into their constituents, e.g. saturated oils from unsaturated oils
- C11B7/0075—Separation of mixtures of fats or fatty oils into their constituents, e.g. saturated oils from unsaturated oils by differences of melting or solidifying points
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
- C11C3/08—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils with fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
- C11C3/10—Ester interchange
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an oil / fat composition and a tempering type chocolate using the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to an oil / fat composition capable of improving the solidification and releasability of chocolate and the rate of crystal stabilization and improving productivity by a specific triglyceride composition, and chocolate using the oil / fat composition. is there.
- a tempering operation is usually essential in order to increase the solidification rate, increase the release rate from the mold, and increase the stabilization rate of the fat crystals contained in the chocolate.
- Tempering is intended to produce a small amount of stable (V-type) crystals in fats and oils.
- the fats and oils in chocolate are melted at 45 to 50 ° C using a tempering device, and then temporarily 28 to 29 ° C. It is close to the stable crystalline form of cocoa butter having a specific fatty acid composition, as seen in the method (Non-patent Document 1) performed by raising the temperature to 30 to 32 ° C.
- Non-patent Document 1 There is known a method of adding trixelide in a crystalline form to a chocolate liquid.
- the stabilized crystals in the fats and oils are appropriate, it is called well temper, and in many cases it is called over temper.
- Overtempering is faster in solidification rate, mold release rate and crystal stabilization rate than well tempering, but the viscosity of chocolate dough increases rapidly, and the workability during mold filling and coating process decreases.
- the workability of the well temper is good, but the solidification rate, mold release rate, and crystal stabilization rate are slightly slow, which improves the fat composition and fat physical properties of the fat composition used for chocolate to further improve productivity. The following attempts have been made.
- DHS-TG dihydroxystearic acid-containing triglyceride
- SUS 1,3 disaturated-2 unsaturated triglyceride
- Patent Document 2 a method for improving the snapping property, mouth-feeling and workability when used for chocolate by using a sebum fractionated oil characterized by the above as a cocoa butter substitute fat.
- the triglyceride components such as StOA and AOA that are abundant in monkey fat reduce the snap feeling by inhibiting the crystallization and packing of the POP, POSt, and StOSt components, which are the main components of cocoa butter, Since components such as AOA have a relatively high melting point relative to cocoa butter, the mouthfeel may be worsened, and further improvements have been desired.
- St represents stearic acid
- P represents palmitic acid
- A represents arachidic acid
- O oleic acid.
- the object of the present invention can be used as a cocoa butter substitute fat, and when used in chocolate, it improves the solidification property, mold release property and crystal stabilization speed while maintaining the snapping property, resulting in productivity. It is providing the oil-and-fat composition which can improve and chocolate using this oil-and-fat composition.
- the present inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by the following oil / fat composition and chocolate using the oil / fat composition.
- the SOS-type triglyceride content in the oil and fat composition is 80% by weight or more, the StOSt content is 25% by weight or more, the POP content is 10% by weight or more, and the ratio of StLSt / StOSt Is 0.08 or less, and the ratio of StStO / StOSt is 0.03 or less.
- S represents a C16 to C22 saturated fatty acid
- St represents stearic acid
- P represents palmitic acid
- L represents linoleic acid
- O oleic acid.
- SOS triglyceride in which the first and third fatty acids are S and the second fatty acid is O, StOSt; a triglyceride in which the first and third fatty acids are St and the second fatty acid is O, StLSt A triglyceride in which the first and third fatty acids are St and the second fatty acid is L, StStO; the first and second, or second and third fatty acids are St, and the third or first position A triglyceride in which the fatty acid is O is POP; a triglyceride in which the first and third fatty acids are P, and the second fatty acid is O.
- the second invention of the present invention is the oil and fat composition according to the first invention, wherein the PLP / POP ratio is 0.15 or less and the PPO / POP ratio is 0.10 or less.
- PPO the 1st and 2nd, or the 2nd and 3rd fatty acids are P and the 3rd or 1st fatty acid is O, PLP; the 1st and 3rd fatty acids are P
- Each of the triglycerides in which the fatty acid at the 2-position is L is shown.
- the 3rd invention of this invention contains StOSt 70weight% or more, and the fats and oils (B) which contains 60 weight% or more of fats and oils (A) whose arachidic acid in a constituent fatty acid is 5 weight% or less
- the oil / fat composition according to the first or second invention contains 30 to 80% by weight of the oil / fat (A) in the oil / fat composition and further contains 20 to 70% by weight of the oil / fat (B).
- the oil (A) comprises a high oleic acid-containing vegetable oil containing at least 80% by weight of oleic acid in the constituent fatty acid and stearic acid or stearic acid alcohol ester with 1,3-positional specificity.
- the fifth invention of the present invention is the oil or fat composition according to the third or fourth invention, wherein the oil (B) is a high melting point oil or a middle melting oil obtained by fractionating palm oil by solvent fractionation or dry fractionation.
- a sixth invention of the present invention is a tempering-type chocolate using the oil composition according to any one of the first to fifth.
- a seventh invention of the present invention is a tempering type cocoa butter substitute fat using the oil composition according to any one of the first to fifth aspects.
- the eighth invention of the present invention is the method for shortening the aging time by the chocolate according to the sixth invention.
- the content of StLSt, PLP and StStO, PPO triglycerides is adjusted below the specified amount in the oil and fat composition containing SOS, StOSt and POP triglycerides above the specified amount.
- the fat composition which can be excellent in solidification property, mold release property, crystal stabilization speed, and can improve productivity, and the chocolate using this fat composition can be manufactured, maintaining snap property.
- the content of each triglyceride in the oil and fat composition can be measured and determined as the sum of symmetric and asymmetric triglycerides (for example, the sum of StStO content and StOSt content) by high performance liquid chromatographic analysis (1) shown below. Further, the symmetric and asymmetric triglyceride compositions can be determined as (StStO / (StStO + StOSt)) by thin-layer chromatographic analysis (2), and the StStO and StOSt contents are obtained by multiplying the results of (1). be able to.
- the SOS type triglyceride content needs to be 80% by weight or more, preferably 85% by weight or more, and more preferably 90% by weight or more.
- the content of the SOS type triglyceride is less than 80% by weight, it is not preferable because the releasability and snapping property of chocolate are lowered when used for chocolate.
- the content of StOSt needs to be 25% by weight or more, preferably 30% by weight or more, and more preferably 35% by weight or more.
- StOSt content is less than 25% by weight, the heat resistance of the chocolate is lowered when used in chocolate, which is not preferable.
- StOSt content does not exceed 60 weight%. If the StOSt content exceeds 60% by weight, the heat resistance becomes unnecessarily high, and the mouthfeel is deteriorated.
- the POP content needs to be 10% by weight or more, preferably 20% by weight or more, and more preferably 30% by weight or more. If the POP content is less than 10% by weight, the content of StOSt is relatively high, and as a result, the heat resistance becomes excessively higher than necessary, and the mouthfeel is deteriorated.
- the ratio of StLSt / StOSt needs to be 0.08 or less, preferably 0.06 or less, and more preferably 0.03 or less. If the ratio of StLSt / StOSt is greater than 0.08, StLSt becomes a factor, leading to unstable crystallization of SOS, and the gap between the fat and oil crystals becomes large. Along with the decrease, aging takes a long time, which is not preferable.
- the ratio of StStO / StOSt needs to be 0.03 or less, preferably 0.02 or less, and more preferably 0.015 or less. If the ratio of StStO / StOSt is larger than 0.03, the StSO causes crystallization of unstable SOS and the gap between the fat and oil crystals increases, so that the releasability deteriorates and the crystal stabilization rate decreases. Accordingly, it takes a long time for aging.
- the oil and fat composition of the present invention preferably has a PLP / POP ratio of 0.15 or less. More preferably, it is 0.08 or less. If the PLP / POP ratio is greater than 0.15, PLP causes unstable POP crystallization and the gap between the fat and oil crystals increases, resulting in deterioration of releasability and a decrease in crystal stabilization rate. Accordingly, it takes a long time for aging.
- the oil and fat composition of the present invention preferably has a PPO / POP ratio of 0.10 or less. Furthermore, it is more preferably 0.075 or less, and most preferably 0.015 or less. If the PPO / POP ratio is greater than 0.10, unstable POP crystallization is caused by PPO, and the gap between the fat and oil crystals becomes large, so that the releasability deteriorates and the crystal stabilization rate decreases. Accordingly, it takes a long time for aging.
- the fats and oils composition of this invention is 3 weight% or less of SSS (The triglyceride whose all 1,2,3 fatty acid is S). Further, it is more preferably 2% by weight or less, most preferably 1% by weight or less. When SSS exceeds 3% by weight, the texture of chocolate tends to be waxy.
- SSS The triglyceride whose all 1,2,3 fatty acid is S.
- the oil and fat composition of the present invention comprises a fat and oil (A) containing 70 wt% or more of StOSt and containing 5 wt% or less of arachidic acid in the constituent fatty acid and an oil and fat (B) containing 60 wt% or more of POP. It is preferably contained as a part, and the blending amount is preferably 30 to 80% by weight of the fat (A) and 20 to 70% by weight of the fat (B). More preferably, the fat (A) is 40 to 70% by weight and the fat (B) is 30 to 60% by weight.
- the heat resistance of the chocolate blended with the fat and oil composition of the present invention becomes unnecessarily high and the mouthfeel is deteriorated.
- the blending amount of the fat (A) is less than 30% by weight, the chocolate heat resistance is significantly lowered, and the commercial value as a cocoa butter substitute fat is impaired.
- the arachidic acid content in the constituent fatty acid of the fat (A) preferably blended with the fat composition of the present invention is preferably 5% by weight or less, more preferably 1% by weight or less. If the arachidic acid content is more than 5% by weight, the increasing StOA or AOA component is not preferable because it causes the crystallization of StOSt, which is the main crystal component, from the difference in the fatty acid chain length.
- the fats and oils (A) preferably blended in the fat and oil composition of the present invention include, for example, transesterification using a lipase having a 1,3-position specificity of a high oleic acid-containing vegetable oil and stearic acid or stearic alcohol ester.
- Examples of the high-melting-point oil or medium-melting-point oil obtained by reacting the obtained transesterified oil by solvent fractionation or dry fractionation include oleic acid content of 80% by weight or more.
- Sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, safflower oil, soybean oil and the like, preferably 85% by weight or more, more preferably 90% by weight or more, are exemplified.
- the fats and oils (A) is vegetable oils and fats such as alambrackia fat, shea fat and monkey fat, or fats and oils containing a high melting point part or a middle melting point part obtained by fractionating them by solvent fractionation or dry fractionation.
- a high oleic acid-containing vegetable oil and palmitic acid or palmitic acid alcohol ester are subjected to a transesterification reaction using a lipase having 1,3-position specificity.
- the high melting point or middle melting point oil obtained by fractionating the obtained transesterified oil by solvent fractionation or dry fractionation include oleic acid content of 80% by weight or more, preferably 85
- sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, safflower oil, soybean oil and the like that are at least% by weight, more preferably at least 90% by weight.
- the oil (B) is vegetable oil such as palm oil, or a high melting point or medium melting point oil obtained by separating them by solvent fractionation or dry fractionation.
- lipases having 1,3-position specificity examples include lipases having 1,3-position specificity, and in particular, one or more selected from the group consisting of Rhizopus genus, Mucor genus, Aspergillus genus, Alkaligenes genus and Humicola genus
- the lipase having the 1,3-position specificity is preferred.
- a lipase having a specificity other than 1,3-position such as Candida lipase
- a transesterified oil having a high StStSt content and a low StOSt content is obtained. Since a thing cannot be obtained, it is not preferable.
- These lipases are preferably used by being immobilized on a carrier such as diatomaceous earth, silica, ceramic, activated carbon, or ion exchange resin.
- the transesterification reaction may be either a batch type or a continuous type such as a packed bed type, but the continuous type is preferred because it is more efficient.
- the transesterification reaction can be carried out in a solvent such as petroleum ether or n-hexane, but it is preferable that the solvent is removed without the need for a solvent removal step after the reaction.
- oils and fats other than the oil and fat (A) and the oil and fat (B) may be included as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the blended amount of other fats and oils other than) is less than 30% by weight, preferably less than 20% by weight, more preferably less than 10% by weight, and most preferably 5%, based on the total weight of the fat and oil composition. Less than% by weight.
- the tempering type cocoa butter substitute fat of the present invention contains 80% by weight or more, preferably 100% by weight of the oil composition of the present invention. Moreover, arbitrary components, such as a coloring agent, an emulsifier, antioxidant, a fragrance
- the amount of these additives is 10% by weight or less, preferably 5% by weight or less, and most preferably 2% by weight or less based on the cocoa butter substitute fat of the present invention.
- emulsifier examples include glycerin fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, glycerin organic acid fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, propylene glycol fatty acid ester, and lecithin.
- the oil and fat composition of the present invention is used for chocolate.
- the amount of the oil / fat composition is preferably 5 to 50 parts by weight, more preferably 5 to 25% by weight, and most preferably 5 to 15% by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total components of the chocolate. It is.
- the tempering type chocolate of the present invention is cocoa mass, cocoa powder, sugars such as sugar, dark chocolate made using fats and oils such as cocoa butter, emulsifiers, fragrances, etc., for example, cocoa mass, cocoa powder, sugar Sugars such as cocoa butter, dairy products such as cocoa butter, milk products such as whole milk powder, milk chocolate made using emulsifiers, fragrances, etc., saccharides such as sugar, milk such as cocoa butter, milk such as whole milk powder
- white chocolate made using products, emulsifiers, fragrances and the like, and color chocolate obtained by coloring white chocolate with a pigment and flavoring with fragrances are also included in the chocolate of the present invention.
- chocolate (cacao content 35% or more), semi-chocolate (cacao content 15% or more), milk chocolate (cacao content 21% or more), semi-milk chocolate (cacao content 7% or more), use of chocolate
- chocolate coating (a cacao content of 8% or more) that is a food product
- chocolate coating using dairy products (a cacao content of 5% or more), as well as white and color coatings that do not contain cacao, Is also included in the chocolate of the present invention.
- the chocolate obtained by using the oil and fat composition of the present invention is excellent in solidification property, mold release property and crystal stabilization speed, and the aging time can be shortened to 3 days or less and less than half of the conventional product, thereby improving productivity. To do.
- Alan bracchia fat was subjected to solvent fractionation using acetone, and the oil and fat composition obtained as a high melting point portion was purified according to a conventional method to obtain StOSt-containing fat E. Furthermore, the degummed shea fat was subjected to solvent fractionation using acetone, and the oil / fat composition obtained as a high melting point part was purified according to a conventional method to obtain StOSt-containing fat F. Further, monkey fat was subjected to solvent fractionation using acetone, and the fat composition obtained as a high melting point portion was purified according to a conventional method to obtain StOSt-containing fat G.
- palm fraction “Permel 26; manufactured by Fuji Oil Co., Ltd.” was subjected to solvent fractionation using acetone, and the oil / fat composition obtained as a high melting point part was purified according to a conventional method to obtain a POP-containing fat. B and C were obtained.
- Example 1 Each oil and fat (A) and each oil and fat (B) were blended according to Table 1 (unit: parts by weight) to obtain the oil and fat compositions of Examples 1 to 14 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5.
- high oleic sunflower oil (trade name “Highall 75B” manufactured by Fuji Oil Co., Ltd.) was used as part of the blend as the fat other than fat (A) and fat (B).
- the high oleic sunflower oil was a liquid oil with no crystals observed at 20 ° C.
- the triglyceride composition was measured for the oil and fat compositions of Examples 1 to 14 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5. Table 2 shows the content and ratio of each triglyceride.
- the number of days when the hardness reached 95% of the aging end point was defined as the aging end date, and the number of days required for aging was evaluated as the crystal stabilization rate. Under this condition, 3 days or less is evaluated as good. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Heat-resistant shape retention property of chocolate The heat-resistant shape retention property of chocolate melted the chocolate manufactured by the composition shown in Table 3, and after tempering operation, 12 g of chocolate dough was poured into a mold and solidified at 5 ° C. for 30 minutes. After storage at 20 ° C. for 7 days, a spatula was pressed against the surface in an atmosphere at 30 ° C., and the one without adhesion was considered good, and the one attached was regarded as defective. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Chocolate mouthfeel was subjected to sensory evaluation by five panelists. The standard of evaluation was that the bite had a moderate hardness and melted in the mouth so that it had a so-called chocolate-like texture. The results are shown in Table 4.
- an oil or fat composition containing a specific amount or more of StOSt and POP triglycerides and containing StLSt, PLP, StStO, and PPO triglycerides is not more than a specific amount, the composition is excellent in solidification, releasability and crystal stabilization speed. As a result, it is possible to produce an oil composition that can improve productivity and a chocolate using the oil composition.
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Abstract
Description
工業的に大量にチョコレートを製造する場合、融解しているチョコレート液をモールドに流し込み、冷却固化後、デモールドする。その後、約20℃で約5~7日のエージング期間を経て、チョコレートに含まれる油脂結晶を安定化させ、チョコレートの硬度を高める操作が行われた後に流通される。固化速度、離形速度、結晶安定化速度を速める事は、製造から流通までに要する時間を短縮する事に繋がり、ひいてはチョコレート製造メーカーの生産性向上によるコストダウンに寄与できる。特にチョコレート製造において長期間を要するエージング期間の短縮は生産性の向上に直接そして大きく寄与するためチョコレート製造メーカーにとっては悲願であった。一方、これら生産性の向上により、チョコレート品質が損なわれることは競争力を低下させる為、本末転倒である。すなわち、心地よく割れる硬さ(スナップ性)と口の中で適度な速度で風味を発現させながら融けていく口どけ性は許容範囲内に維持される必要がある。融解しているチョコレート液は、そのまま冷却固化したのでは、直ぐに固化しなかったり、モールドから取り出せなかったり、安定な硬度が得られない。よって冷却、固化する前に、固化速度を高めたり、モールドからの離型速度を高めたり、チョコレートに含まれる油脂結晶の安定化速度を高めるために、通常テンパリング操作が必須である。
テンパリングは油脂中に少量の安定型(V型)の結晶をつくることを目的として、通常、テンパリング装置を用いて、45~50℃でチョコレート中の油脂を融解してから、一旦28~29℃まで冷却した後、30~32℃に昇温することにより行われる方法(非特許文献1)と例えば特許文献1などにみられるように、特定の脂肪酸組成をしたココアバターの安定結晶型に近い結晶型となるトリクセリセライドをチョコレート液に加える方法が知られている。
(Stはステアリン酸,Pはパルミチン酸,Aはアラキジン酸,Oはオレイン酸をそれぞれ示す。)
本発明の第2の発明は、PLP/POPの比率が0.15以下及びPPO/POPの比率が0.10以下である第1の発明の油脂組成物である。但し、PPO;1位及び2位、又は2位及び3位の脂肪酸がPであり、3位、又は1位の脂肪酸がOであるトリグリセリド、PLP;1位及び3位の脂肪酸がPであり、2位の脂肪酸がLであるトリグリセリドをそれぞれ示す。
本発明の第3の発明は、StOStを70重量%以上含有し、かつ構成脂肪酸中アラキジン酸が5重量%以下である油脂(A)及びPOPを60重量%以上含有する油脂(B)を含有し、油脂組成物中前記油脂(A)を30~80重量%含有し、さらに前記油脂(B)を20~70重量%含有する第1又は2の発明の油脂組成物である。
本発明の第4の発明は、前記油脂(A)が、構成脂肪酸中オレイン酸を80重量%以上含む高オレイン酸含有植物油とステアリン酸又はステアリン酸アルコールエステルを、1,3-位置特異性を有するリパーゼを用いてエステル交換反応させ、得られたエステル交換油を溶剤分別又はドライ分別で分別して得られる高融点部又は中融点部油脂である第3の発明の油脂組成物である。
本発明の第5の発明は、前記油脂(B)がパーム油を溶剤分別又はドライ分別で分別して得られる高融点部又は中融点部油脂である第3又は4の発明の油脂組成物である。
本発明の第6の発明は、第1~5の何れか1記載の油脂組成物を使用してなるテンパリングタイプのチョコレートである。
本発明の第7の発明は、第1~5の何れか1記載の油脂組成物を使用してなるテンパリングタイプのカカオバター代用脂である。
本発明の第8の発明は、第6記載のチョコレートによるエージング時間の短縮方法である。
油脂組成物における、各トリグリセリドの含量は、下記に示す高速液体クロマトグラフ分析(1)にて対称型、非対称型トリグリセリドの和(例えばStStO含量とStOSt含量の和)として測定し求めることができる。さらに対称型、非対称型トリグリセリド組成は薄層クロマトグラフ分析(2)にて測定し(StStO/(StStO+StOSt))として求めることができ、(1)の結果に乗ずることでStStO及びStOSt含量を各々求めることができる。
(1)高速液体クロマトグラフ分析は、(カラム;ODS、溶離液;アセトン/アセトニトリル=80/20、液量;0.9ml/分、カラム温度;25℃、検出器;示差屈折計)にて実施した。
(2)薄層クロマトグラフ分析は、(プレート;硝酸銀薄層プレート、展開溶剤;ベンゼン/ヘキサン/ジエチルエーテル=75/25/2、検出器;デンシトメータ)にて実施した。
またさらに好ましくは2重量%以下、最も好ましくは1重量%以下である。SSSが3重量%を超えるとチョコレートの食感がワキシーになる傾向がある。
また油脂(A)の別の例はアランブラッキア脂、シア脂、サル脂等の植物性油脂、あるいはそれらを溶剤分別又はドライ分別で分別して得られる高融点部又は中融点部を配合した油脂が例示されるが、構成脂肪酸中のアラキジン酸含量が少ない油脂として高オレイン酸含有植物油とステアリン酸又はステアリン酸アルコールエステルを原料としたリパーゼエステル交換油及びその分別油、又はアランブラッキア脂及びその分別油が好ましい。
また油脂(B)の別の例はパーム油等の植物性油脂、あるいはそれらを溶剤分別又はドライ分別で分別して得られる高融点部又は中融点部油脂が例示される。
また、これらのリパーゼは、ケイソウ土、シリカ、セラミック、活性炭、イオン交換樹脂等の担体に固定化して用いるのが好ましい。
また、エステル交換反応は石油エーテル、n-ヘキサン等の溶媒下で行うことができるが、反応後に溶媒除去の行程が不要な無溶媒とするのが好ましい。
前記乳化剤としては、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、蔗糖脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、グリセリン有機酸脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、レシチン等が挙げられる。
StOSt含有脂の調製
構成脂肪酸中のオレイン酸含量が86%の高オレイン酸ヒマワリ油30重量部とステアリン酸エチル70重量部を混合した後、1,3位選択性のあるリパーゼを用いてエステル交換を行い、反応油を得た。この反応油よりエチルエステルを蒸留により留去し、アセトンを用いて溶剤分別を行い、種々の収率にて、高融点部として得られた油脂組成物に対し、各々常法に従い精製を行いStOSt含有脂A~Dを得た。
さらに、アランブラッキア脂を、アセトンを用いて溶剤分別を行い、高融点部として得られた油脂組成物に対し、常法に従い精製を行い、StOSt含有脂Eを得た。
さらに、脱ガム処理されたシア脂を、アセトンを用いて溶剤分別を行い、高融点部として得られた油脂組成物に対し、常法に従い精製を行い、StOSt含有脂Fを得た。
さらに、サル脂を、アセトンを用いて溶剤分別を行い、高融点部として得られた油脂組成物に対し、常法に従い精製を行い、StOSt含有脂Gを得た。
各々のStOSt含有脂の分別収率、トリグリセリド組成及び構成脂肪酸中のアラキジン酸含量を以下に示す。
StOSt含有脂A(分別収率=14%、SOS=93.1%,StOSt=83.6%,StLSt=1.3%,StStO=0.4%,StOO=0.6%、アラキジン酸含量=1.3%)
StOSt含有脂B(分別収率=27%、SOS=90.2%,StOSt=79.4%,StLSt=2.6%,StStO=0.6%,StOO=1.6%、アラキジン酸含量=1.0%)
StOSt含有脂C(分別収率=40%、SOS=87.8%,StOSt=74.2%,StLSt=4.2%,StStO=0.8%,StOO=3.0%、アラキジン酸含量=0.6%)
StOSt含有脂D(分別収率=51%、SOS=80.2%,StOSt=65.4%,StLSt=6.1%,StStO=1.0%,StOO=7.1%、アラキジン酸含量=0.5%)
StOSt含有脂E(分別収率=73%、SOS=79.8%,StOSt=77.1%,StLSt=0.1%,StStO=0.8%,StOO=5.0%、アラキジン酸含量=0.1%)
StOSt含有脂F(分別収率=45%、SOS=86.2%,StOSt=76.1%,StLSt=4.3%,StStO=1.1%,StOO=2.9%、アラキジン酸含量=1.8%)
StOSt含有脂G(分別収率=48%、SOS=90.5%,StOSt=60.1%,StLSt=0.9%,StStO=0.6%,StOO=1.9%、アラキジン酸含量=8.6%)
StStO含有脂の調製
構成脂肪酸中のオレイン酸含量が86%の高オレイン酸ヒマワリ油と極度硬化菜種油を混合した後、ナトリウムメチラートを用いてランダムエステル交換を行い、反応油を得た。この反応油をアセトンを用いて溶剤分別を行い、高融点部と低融点部を除去し、収率29%にて中融点部として得られた油脂組成物に対し、常法に従い精製を行い、
StStO脂(StOSt=22.4%,StLSt=2.5%,StStO=57.6%,StOO=1.6%、アラキジン酸含量=0.5%)を得た。
実験例1で得られた各々のStOSt含有脂及び実験例2で得られたStStO含有脂を配合し、以下に示す種々の配合の油脂(A)を調製した。
油脂(A)-1;StOSt含有脂A単独
油脂(A)-2;StOSt含有脂B単独
油脂(A)-3;StOSt含有脂C単独
油脂(A)-4;StOSt含有脂D単独
油脂(A)-5;StOSt含有脂E単独
油脂(A)-6;StOSt含有脂F単独
油脂(A)-7;StOSt含有脂G単独
油脂(A)-8;StOSt含有脂C 51重量部及び StStO含有脂 1重量部を配合
油脂(A)-9;StOSt含有脂C 50重量部及び StStO含有脂 2重量部を配合
油脂(A)-7を除いては、何れの油脂(A)もStOSt含量は70重量%以上であり、アラキジン酸含量は5重量%未満であった。
POP含有脂の調製
構成脂肪酸中のオレイン酸含量が86%の高オレイン酸ヒマワリ油30重量部とパルミチン酸エチル70重量部を混合した後、1,3位選択性のあるリパーゼを用いてエステル交換を行い、反応油を得た。この反応油よりエチルエステルを蒸留により留去し、アセトンを用いて溶剤分別を行い、種々の収率にて、高融点部として得られた油脂組成物に対し、各々常法に従い精製を行いPOP含有脂Aを得た。
さらに、パームミッドフラクション「パーメル26;不二製油株式会社製」を、アセトンを用いて溶剤分別を行い、高融点部として得られた油脂組成物に対し、常法に従い精製を行い、POP含有脂B,Cを得た。
POP含有脂A(分別収率=46.2%、SOS=91.8%,POP=88.4%,PLP=2.3%,PPO=0.5%)
POP含有脂B(分別収率=55.8%、SOS=88.6%,POP=67.6%,PLP=4.4%,PPO=3.6%)
POP含有脂C(分別収率=70.2%、SOS=82.2%,POP=61.0%,PLP=6.1%,PPO=5.2%)
パームミッドフラクション パーメル26(SOS=54.3%,POP=44.2%,PLP=9.8%,PPO=5.4%)
PPO含有脂の調製
構成脂肪酸中のオレイン酸含量が86%の高オレイン酸ヒマワリ油30重量部とパルミチン酸エチル70重量部を混合した後、1,3位選択性のあるリパーゼを用いてエステル交換を行い、反応油を得た。この反応油よりエチルエステルを蒸留により留去した後、ナトリウムメチラートを用いてランダムエステル交換を行い、反応油を得た。この反応油をアセトンを用いて溶剤分別を行い、高融点部と低融点部を除去し、収率23%にて中融点部として得られた油脂組成物に対し、常法に従い精製を行い、
PPO脂(POP=25.3%,PLP=2.4%,PPO=61.9%)を得た。
パームミッドフラクション「パーメル26;不二製油株式会社製」、及び実験例3で得られた各々のPOP含有脂及び実験例4で得られたPPO含有脂を配合し以下に示す種々の配合の油脂(B)を調製した。
油脂(B)-1;POP含有脂A単独
油脂(B)-2;POP含有脂B単独
油脂(B)-3;POP含有脂C単独
油脂(B)-4;パームミッドフラクション単独
油脂(B)-5;POP含有脂B 50重量部及び PPO含有脂 2重量部を配合
油脂(B)-6;POP含有脂B 48重量部及び PPO含有脂 6重量部を配合
油脂(B)-4を除いては、何れの油脂(B)もPOP含量は60重量%以上であった。
各油脂(A)及び各油脂(B)を表1(単位は重量部)に従い配合し実施例1~14、比較例1~5の油脂組成物を得た。また実施例7には油脂(A)と油脂(B)以外の他の油脂として高オレイン酸ヒマワリ油(商品名「ハイオール 75B」不二製油株式会社製)も配合の一部として用いた。なお高オレイン酸ヒマワリ油は20℃で結晶が見られない液状油であった。
実施例1~14、比較例1~5の油脂組成物につきトリグリセリド組成の測定を行った。各トリグリセリド含量及び比率を表2に示した。
実施例1~14、比較例1~5で得られた油脂組成物を用いて、下記に示す条件で固体脂含量を測定し固化速度として評価した。
固体脂含量;基準油脂分析試験法、暫定法1-1996、固体脂含量NMR法に基づいて測定した。但し、試料は80℃で30分溶解後、20℃で60分固化し、すぐに固体脂含量の測定を行った。結果を表4に示した。
〔試験例2〕
実施例1~14、比較例1~5で得られた油脂組成物を用いて、表3の配合で常法によりチョコレートを製造した。
表3の配合で製造したチョコレートを溶かし、テンパリング操作の後、チョコレート生地12gを型に流し、10℃で15分間固化させた。このときの固化させたチョコレートが型から剥がれた割合を離型率とした。この条件では80%以上が離型率良好と評価される。結果を表4に示した。
表3の配合で製造したチョコレートを溶かし、テンパリング操作の後、チョコレート生地12gを型に流し、5℃で30分間固化させた。20℃にて保存し、1日毎の硬さをレオメーターで測定した。レオメーターでの測定条件は、20℃条件下で、直径3mmの円柱状プランジャーを用い、テーブルスピード5cm/分とした。また20℃、30日保存後のチョコレートの硬さも同様に測定しておき、エージングの終点とした。そして硬さがエージング終点の95%に達する日数をエージング終了日とし、エージングに要した日数を結晶安定化速度として評価した。この条件では3日以下が良好と評価される。結果を表4に示した。
チョコレートの耐熱保形性は、表3の配合で製造したチョコレートを溶かし、テンパリング操作の後、チョコレート生地12gを型に流し、5℃で30分間で固化させた。20℃にて7日間保存した後、30℃の雰囲気下にて、スパテラを押し当て付着の無いものを良好とし、付着するものを不良とした。結果を表4に示した。
チョコレートの口どけは、5名のパネラーにより官能評価を行った。
評価の基準は、噛み出しは適度な硬さがあり、口の中でスッと溶ける、いわゆるチョコレートらしい食感のものを良好とした。結果を表4に示した。
Claims (8)
- 油脂組成物中のSOS型トリグリセリドの含量が80重量%以上、StOStの含量が25重量%以上、POPの含量が10重量%以上、StLSt/StOStの比率が0.08以下及びStStO/StOStの比率が0.03以下であることを特徴とする油脂組成物。
但し、SはC16~C22の飽和脂肪酸,Stはステアリン酸,Pはパルミチン酸,Lはリノール酸,Oはオレイン酸をそれぞれ示す。またSOS;1位及び3位の脂肪酸がSであり、2位の脂肪酸がOであるトリグリセリド、StOSt;1位及び3位の脂肪酸がStであり、2位の脂肪酸がOであるトリグリセリド、StLSt;1位及び3位の脂肪酸がStであり、2位の脂肪酸がLであるトリグリセリド、StStO;1位及び2位、又は2位及び3位の脂肪酸がStであり、3位、又は1位の脂肪酸がOであるトリグリセリド、POP;1位及び3位の脂肪酸がPであり、2位の脂肪酸がOであるトリグリセリドをそれぞれ示す。 - PLP/POPの比率が0.15以下及びPPO/POPの比率が0.10以下である請求項1に記載の油脂組成物。但し、PPO;1位及び2位、又は2位及び3位の脂肪酸がPであり、3位、又は1位の脂肪酸がOであるトリグリセリド、PLP;1位及び3位の脂肪酸がPであり、2位の脂肪酸がLであるトリグリセリドをそれぞれ示す。
- StOStを70重量%以上含有し、かつ構成脂肪酸中アラキジン酸が5重量%以下である油脂(A)及びPOPを60重量%以上含有する油脂(B)を含有し、油脂組成物中前記油脂(A)を30~80重量%含有し、さらに前記油脂(B)を20~70重量%含有する請求項1又は2に記載の油脂組成物。
- 前記油脂(A)が、構成脂肪酸中オレイン酸を80重量%以上含む高オレイン酸含有植物油とステアリン酸又はステアリン酸アルコールエステルを、1,3-位置特異性を有するリパーゼを用いてエステル交換反応させ、得られたエステル交換油を溶剤分別又はドライ分別で分別して得られる高融点部又は中融点部油脂である請求項3に記載の油脂組成物。
- 前記油脂(B)がパーム油を溶剤分別又はドライ分別で分別して得られる高融点部又は中融点部油脂である請求項3又は4に記載の油脂組成物。
- 請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載の油脂組成物を使用してなるテンパリングタイプのチョコレート。
- 請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載の油脂組成物を使用してなるテンパリングタイプのカカオバター代用脂。
- 請求項6記載のチョコレートによるエージング時間の短縮方法。
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