WO2013146694A1 - 生体物質の検出方法 - Google Patents
生体物質の検出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013146694A1 WO2013146694A1 PCT/JP2013/058607 JP2013058607W WO2013146694A1 WO 2013146694 A1 WO2013146694 A1 WO 2013146694A1 JP 2013058607 W JP2013058607 W JP 2013058607W WO 2013146694 A1 WO2013146694 A1 WO 2013146694A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54393—Improving reaction conditions or stability, e.g. by coating or irradiation of surface, by reduction of non-specific binding, by promotion of specific binding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/5306—Improving reaction conditions, e.g. reduction of non-specific binding, promotion of specific binding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54313—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals the carrier being characterised by its particulate form
- G01N33/54346—Nanoparticles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
- G01N33/57407—Specifically defined cancers
- G01N33/57415—Specifically defined cancers of breast
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
- G01N33/57484—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer involving compounds serving as markers for tumor, cancer, neoplasia, e.g. cellular determinants, receptors, heat shock/stress proteins, A-protein, oligosaccharides, metabolites
- G01N33/57492—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer involving compounds serving as markers for tumor, cancer, neoplasia, e.g. cellular determinants, receptors, heat shock/stress proteins, A-protein, oligosaccharides, metabolites involving compounds localized on the membrane of tumor or cancer cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
- G01N33/582—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with fluorescent label
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
- G01N33/585—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with a particulate label, e.g. coloured latex
- G01N33/587—Nanoparticles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for detecting a biological substance. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for detecting a biological substance using both phosphor-encapsulated nanoparticles and nanoparticles not encapsulating a phosphor.
- Cancer is a disease that bisects the cause of death in adults along with vascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction.
- vascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction.
- the incidence of breast cancer is lower in Japanese than in Western countries, but it has been increasing in recent years. In 1998, it surpassed the incidence of gastric cancer and became the first female prevalence.
- the annual number of breast cancer cases exceeds 50,000.
- the number is increasing every year in the world.
- breast cancer has the highest incidence rate for both men and women, and the annual number of cases exceeds 1.38 million. , Accounting for about 23% of women's cancer.
- cancer diagnostics include methods that detect cancer markers that are specifically expressed in specific cancers, cancer markers that leak into blood and tissues, etc. Has been.
- General screening tests for breast cancer include interviews, palpation, soft x-ray mammography (mammography), ultrasonography, etc. If clinical suspicion arises, cytology and biopsy are performed and pathological diagnosis It is determined whether it is cancer.
- Pathological diagnosis is important for determining the course of cancer treatment and prognosis, and “HE (hematoxylin and eosin) staining method for morphological observation” and “cancer marker” are the core of this diagnosis.
- immunohistochemistry is marketed as Herceptin (registered trademark), an antibody drug targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which is a factor involved in cancer growth.
- Herceptin registered trademark
- HER2 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
- Trastuzumab is known to be a typical anticancer agent for breast cancer.
- Immunohistochemistry (IHC) method for analyzing the expression of HER2 protein and the like, and FISH (Fluorescence in situ hybridization) method for analyzing the amplification of HER2 gene and the like are clinical methods for determining the effectiveness of this drug administration. Widely used in the field.
- the expression level of HER2 can be detected by staining and visualizing the HER2 antibody bound to the HER2 antigen site using DAB [Diaminobenzidine] by the IHC method.
- DAB Diaminobenzidine
- the criteria are rough criteria based on only four stages with a staining level of score 0 to 3, it lacks quantitativeness, and the criteria depend on the skill level of the pathologist. It is a clinical problem.
- the FISH method is performed using a probe for detecting the HER2 gene and a probe for detecting the chromosome 17 centromere, and is based on the gene copy number of HER2 per chromosome 17 analyzed by the FISH method. The presence or absence of HER2 gene amplification can be determined.
- the FISH method is a quantitative test method, it is not a method for directly evaluating the amount of HER2 protein or the intracellular localization of HER2. Under such circumstances, it is necessary to develop a method for determining the effectiveness of a medicine containing a highly accurate antibody as a component.
- Fluorescent staining is characterized by excellent quantitativeness compared to DAB staining (Non-patent Document 1).
- general fluorescent dyes and semiconductor nanoparticles have a small amount of fluorescence, unless the autofluorescence is separated and removed properly, the target molecule cannot be judged by fluorescence, and morphological information still requires HE staining in separate sections. Met.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a reverse micelle method and a sol-gel method using a mixture of an organoalkoxysilane and an alkoxide having an organic functional group having a good adsorptivity to semiconductor nanoparticles at the end of a molecule as a glass precursor.
- glass phosphor nanoparticles in which semiconductor nanoparticles are dispersed and fixed therein are disclosed.
- this method increases the amount of fluorescence and makes it possible to determine the target molecule, even a slight amount of non-specific binding can cause background noise to increase, so quantitative detection with high sensitivity is possible. It was a big issue to do.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and even when a high-intensity fluorescent labeling material is used, the background noise does not increase and is suitable for a highly quantitative immunohistochemical staining method with an improved S / N ratio. It is an object to provide a simple detection method.
- the present inventors have obtained a phosphor from bovine serum albumin [BSA], which is usually used as a blocking agent, in an immunohistochemical staining method using phosphor-encapsulated nanoparticles as a color former. As a result, it was found that nanoparticles that do not encapsulate are significantly superior in blocking ability, thereby completing the present invention.
- BSA bovine serum albumin
- a detection method reflecting one aspect of the present invention is: A method for detecting a specific biological substance, using as a color former a fluorescent substance-encapsulated nanoparticle in which a biological substance recognition molecule that specifically recognizes a specific biological substance is bound to the surface of the particle. This includes using nanoparticles that do not encapsulate a phosphor as a blocking agent for preventing particles from adsorbing nonspecifically to biological materials other than specific biological materials.
- the S / N ratio is improved by using high-intensity phosphor-encapsulated nanoparticles as color formers and nanoparticles that do not encapsulate phosphors as blocking agents. Tissue stained images can be observed, and the diagnostic accuracy of the pathologist can be improved.
- the reason why nanoparticles that do not encapsulate a phosphor preferably function as a blocking agent is, for example, that a conventional blocking agent for proteins such as BSA prevents nonspecific adsorption related to an antigen-antibody reaction.
- a conventional blocking agent for proteins such as BSA prevents nonspecific adsorption related to an antigen-antibody reaction.
- the non-specific adsorption of the antibody or the like bound to the fluorescent substance-encapsulated nanoparticles can be prevented. This is considered to be because non-specific adsorption that occurs depending on the organic molecules covering the surface, the size of the nanoparticles, and the like can be prevented.
- the present invention is a method for detecting a specific biological substance, using as a color former a fluorescent substance-encapsulated nanoparticle in which a biological substance recognition molecule that specifically recognizes a specific biological substance is bound to the particle surface, As a blocking agent for preventing the phosphor-encapsulated nanoparticles from adsorbing nonspecifically to biological substances other than a specific biological substance, nanoparticles that do not encapsulate the phosphor are used.
- ⁇ Method for detecting a specific biological substance Specifically, as a method for detecting a specific biological substance according to the present invention, conventionally known immunochromatography, immunoassay, Western blotting, Northern blotting, Southern blotting, DNA array (or DNA microarray or DNA Examples of such methods include hybridization using a chip), immunohistochemistry, and immunocytochemistry. Of these, the method of fluorescent staining of tissue sections is preferred, and the immunohistochemical method is particularly preferred.
- Examples of the phosphor used in the present invention include fluorescent substances including fluorescent organic dyes and semiconductor nanoparticles.
- a phosphor that emits visible to near infrared light in the wavelength range of 400 to 900 nm when excited by ultraviolet to near infrared light in the wavelength range of 200 to 700 nm is preferred.
- Organic fluorescent dyes include fluorescein dye molecules, rhodamine dye molecules, Alexa Fluor (Invitrogen) dye molecules, BODIPY (Invitrogen) dye molecules, cascade dye molecules, coumarin dye molecules, and eosin dyes. Examples include molecules, NBD dye molecules, pyrene dye molecules, Texas Red dye molecules, and cyanine dye molecules.
- the semiconductor nanoparticles used in the present invention are those having a core / shell structure and having a nano-size (1 to 1,000 nm) particle size containing a material (material) for forming a semiconductor described later. And particles having a multiple structure composed of a core part (core part) and a shell part (covering part) covering the core part.
- Semiconductor nanoparticles containing II-VI group compounds, III-V group compounds, or IV group elements as components (“II-VI group semiconductor nanoparticles", "III-V group semiconductor nanoparticles", “Group IV semiconductor nanoparticles", respectively) Or any one of them may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the material for forming the core include silicon [Si], germanium [Ge], indium nitride [InN], indium phosphide [InP], and gallium arsenide [GaAs. ], Aluminum selenide [AlSe], cadmium selenide [CdSe], aluminum arsenide [AlAs], gallium phosphide [GaP], zinc telluride [ZnTe], cadmium telluride [CdTe], indium arsenide [InAs] , Semiconductors such as indium-gallium-phosphorus [InGaP], or raw materials for forming them can be used. InP, CdTe or CdSe is particularly preferably used.
- II-VI group, III-V group, and IV group inorganic semiconductors can be used as a material for forming the shell portion.
- a semiconductor having a band gap larger than that of each core portion forming inorganic material such as Si, Ge, InN, InP, GaAs, AlSe, CdSe, AlAs, GaP, ZnTe, CdTe, InAs, etc., or a non-toxic semiconductor is formed.
- Raw materials are preferred.
- ZnS is applied as a shell part to the core part of InP, CdTe or CdSe.
- CdSe / ZnS examples include CdSe / ZnS, CdS / ZnS, InP / ZnS, InGaP / ZnS, Si / SiO 2 , Si / ZnS, Ge / GeO 2 , and Ge / ZnS. It is not limited to these.
- semiconductor nanoparticles those subjected to surface treatment with an organic polymer or the like may be used as necessary.
- semiconductor nanoparticles include CdSe / ZnS having a surface carboxy group (manufactured by Invitrogen) and CdSe / ZnS having a surface amino group (manufactured by Invitrogen).
- the phosphor-encapsulated nanoparticles used in the present invention are those in which the phosphor is dispersed inside the nanoparticles, and the material constituting the nanoparticles (sometimes referred to as “matrix” in the present invention) and the phosphor. And may be chemically bonded or not.
- a nanoparticle that does not include a phosphor used as a blocking agent in the present invention refers to a nanoparticle that does not contain a phosphor inside the nanoparticle, typically a nanoparticle consisting only of the host material as described above.
- the material constituting the nanoparticles is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include silica, melamine, polystyrene, polylactic acid, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a nanoparticle when the base is made of silica may be simply referred to as “silica nanoparticle”.
- the site where non-specific adsorption may occur due to the composition of the matrix it is preferable that the base of the nanoparticles not including the phosphor is the same in composition (synthesized using the same raw material), but if equivalent blocking ability or higher blocking ability is obtained, The parent composition need not be the same. Moreover, there is no problem even if a plurality of different compositions are used, and it may be used in combination with a conventionally used blocking agent such as BSA.
- the phosphor-encapsulated nanoparticles used in the present invention can be prepared by a known method.
- Silica nanoparticles encapsulating an organic fluorescent dye can be prepared with reference to the synthesis of FITC-encapsulated silica nanoparticles described in Langmuir, Vol. 8, page 2921 (1992), for example.
- FITC-encapsulated silica nanoparticles described in Langmuir, Vol. 8, page 2921 (1992), for example.
- Silica nanoparticles encapsulating semiconductor nanoparticles can be prepared with reference to the synthesis of CdTe-encapsulated silica nanoparticles described in New Journal of Chemistry, 33, 561 (2009).
- Melamine nanoparticles encapsulating organic fluorescent dyes can be prepared, for example, with reference to the synthesis of melamine nanoparticles using a fluorescent whitening agent described in Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 62-68811 (1987). .
- a desired organic fluorescent dye instead of the optical brightener, various organic fluorescent dye-encapsulated melamine nanoparticles can be synthesized.
- Polystyrene nanoparticles encapsulating an organic fluorescent dye are, for example, a copolymerization method using an organic dye having a polymerizable functional group described in U.S. Pat.No. 4,320,008 (1982), or U.S. Pat.
- an impregnation method of an organic fluorescent dye into polystyrene nanoparticles described in (1) are, for example, a copolymerization method using an organic dye having a polymerizable functional group described in U.S. Pat.No. 4,320,008 (1982), or U.S. Pat.
- an impregnation method of an organic fluorescent dye into polystyrene nanoparticles described in (1) are, for example, a copolymerization method using an organic dye having a polymerizable functional group described in U.S. Pat.No. 4,320,008 (1982), or U.S. Pat.
- an impregnation method of an organic fluorescent dye into polystyrene nanoparticles described in (1) are,
- Polymer nanoparticles encapsulating semiconductor nanoparticles should be prepared with reference to the method of impregnating semiconductor nanoparticles into polystyrene nanoparticles described in Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 19, p. 631 (2001), for example. Can do.
- organic molecules that are difficult to adsorb on biological materials are organic molecules that do not have the ability to specifically bind to any biological material and do not bind nonspecifically or are difficult to adsorb (preferably organic polymers)
- organic polymers for example, polyethylene glycol [PEG], polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and the like.
- the phosphor-encapsulated nanoparticles It is preferable that the organic molecules that coat the nanoparticles and the organic molecules that coat the nanoparticles that do not encapsulate the phosphor are the same (the same material is used for the coating treatment), but equivalent blocking ability or higher blocking ability.
- the organic molecules need not be the same.
- the fluorescent substance-encapsulated nanoparticles may have a biological substance recognition molecule (for example, an antibody) bound to a part of such an organic molecule (for example, PEG) that modifies the particle surface.
- the “organic molecule to which a biological substance recognition molecule is bound” is distinguished from the “organic molecule that is difficult to adsorb on the biological substance” in the above description.
- the average particle diameter of the nanoparticles used in the phosphor-encapsulated nanoparticles and the nanoparticles not encapsulating the phosphor is not particularly limited, but is about 30 to 800 nm.
- the coefficient of variation indicating the variation in particle size is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 20% or less.
- the average particle diameter of the nanoparticles corresponds to the measured value obtained by taking an electron micrograph using a scanning electron microscope [SEM] and measuring the cross-sectional area of 1,000 nanoparticles.
- the diameter when the area of the circle to be used was determined as the particle diameter, and the arithmetic average thereof was defined as the average particle diameter.
- the coefficient of variation was also a value calculated from the particle size distribution of 1,000 particles.
- the site that may cause non-specific adsorption depending on the size of the encapsulated nanoparticles and phosphor The difference in the average particle size of the nanoparticles used for the non-performed nanoparticles is preferably within 25%, more preferably within 5%. Note that the difference in average particle size is expressed as
- the biological substance recognition molecule used in the present invention refers to a molecule that recognizes a specific target biological substance and specifically binds and / or reacts with the biological substance.
- biological substances that can be a target in the present invention include nucleotide chains, proteins, lipids, sugar chains and the like derived from living bodies.
- biological substance recognition molecules include molecules that specifically bind to and / or react with such biological substances, such as nucleotide chains (when the biological substance is a nucleotide chain having a complementary base sequence), antibodies ( And a lectin (when it is a sugar chain, etc.). More specifically, an anti-HER2 antibody that specifically binds to HER2, which is a protein present on the cell surface, an anti-ER antibody that specifically binds to an estrogen receptor [ER] present in the cell nucleus, and a cytoskeleton are formed. And anti-actin antibodies that specifically bind to actin. Of these, anti-HER2 antibody and anti-ER antibody are preferable from the viewpoint that they can be used for selection of breast cancer medication.
- the mode of binding between the biological substance recognition molecule and the fluorescent substance-encapsulated nanoparticles is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include covalent bonding, ionic bonding, hydrogen bonding, coordination bonding, physical adsorption, and chemical adsorption.
- a bond having a strong bonding force such as a covalent bond is preferable from the viewpoint of bond stability.
- the spacer there may be an organic molecule that connects the biological substance recognition molecule and the fluorescent substance-encapsulated nanoparticle.
- a polyethylene glycol chain can be used in order to suppress non-specific adsorption with a biological substance, and specific examples include commercially available products such as “SM (PEG) 12” manufactured by Thermo Scientific.
- the polyethylene glycol [PEG] chain itself that is not bonded to the biological substance recognition molecule also has a function as the “organic molecule that is difficult to be adsorbed on the biological substance” as described above.
- a silane coupling agent which is a compound widely used for bonding an inorganic substance and an organic substance can be used.
- This silane coupling agent is a compound having an alkoxysilyl group that gives a silanol group by hydrolysis at one end of the molecule and a functional group such as a carboxyl group, an amino group, an epoxy group, an aldehyde group at the other end, Bonding with an inorganic substance through an oxygen atom of the silanol group.
- silane coupling agent having a polyethylene glycol chain for example, “PEG-silaneano.SIM6492.7” manufactured by Gelest
- silane coupling agent it may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together.
- the reaction procedure between the phosphor-encapsulated silica nanoparticles and the silane coupling agent a known one can be used.
- the obtained phosphor-encapsulated silica nanoparticles are dispersed in pure water, aminopropyltriethoxysilane is added and reacted at room temperature for 12 hours.
- phosphor-encapsulated silica nanoparticles whose surface is modified with an aminopropyl group can be obtained by centrifugation or filtration.
- the antibody by reacting an amino group with a carboxyl group in the antibody, the antibody can be bound to the fluorescent substance-encapsulated silica nanoparticles via an amide bond.
- a condensing agent such as EDC [1-Ethyl-3- [3-Dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide Hydrochloride] (Pierce) may be used.
- a linker compound having a site that can be directly bonded to the organic substance-modified phosphor-encapsulated silica nanoparticles and a site that can be bonded to the biological substance recognition molecule can be used.
- sulfo-SMCC Sulfosuccinimidyl 4 [N-maleimidomethyl] -cyclohexane-1-carboxylate] (manufactured by Pierce) having both a site selectively reacting with an amino group and a site selectively reacting with a mercapto group
- sulfo-SMCC Sulfosuccinimidyl 4 [N-maleimidomethyl] -cyclohexane-1-carboxylate] (manufactured by Pierce) having both a site selectively reacting with an amino group and a site selectively reacting with a mercapto group
- sulfo-SMCC Sulfosuccinimidyl 4 [N-maleimidomethyl
- the present invention is a detection method using a specific color former and a blocking agent in combination, and is suitable for a conventionally known method of fluorescently staining a tissue section.
- the tissue section is composed of a biological material, but is not limited to a pathological tissue section, and can also be applied to cell staining.
- a method for preparing a tissue section to which the detection method according to the present invention can be applied is not particularly limited, and a tissue section prepared by a known method can be used.
- a tissue section prepared by a known method can be used.
- the tissue section is immersed in a container containing xylene to remove paraffin.
- the temperature is not particularly limited, but can be performed at room temperature.
- the immersion time is preferably 3 to 30 minutes. If necessary, xylene may be exchanged during the immersion.
- this section is immersed in a container containing ethanol to remove xylene.
- the temperature is not particularly limited, but can be performed at room temperature.
- the immersion time is preferably 3 to 30 minutes. If necessary, ethanol may be exchanged during the immersion.
- this section is immersed in a container filled with water to remove ethanol.
- the temperature is not particularly limited, but can be performed at room temperature.
- the immersion time is preferably 3 to 30 minutes. If necessary, water may be exchanged during the immersion.
- activation processing of a specific biological material is performed. There are no specific activation conditions, but the activation solution is 0.01 M citrate buffer (pH 6.0), 1 mM EDTA solution (pH 8.0), 5% urea, 0.1 M Tris-HCl buffer. A solution containing the above can be used.
- the heating device an autoclave, a microwave, a pressure cooker, a water bath, or the like can be used.
- the temperature is not particularly limited, but can be performed at room temperature. The temperature can be 50 to 130 ° C. and the time can be 5 to 30 minutes.
- the section after activation treatment is immersed in a container containing water and PBS and washed.
- the temperature is not particularly limited, but can be performed at room temperature.
- the immersion time is preferably 3 to 30 minutes. If necessary, PBS may be replaced during the immersion.
- a blocking agent is dropped before dyeing with phosphor-encapsulated nanoparticles.
- the blocking agent nanoparticles having no fluorescent property, that is, nanoparticles not including a phosphor are used.
- the matrix composition of the phosphor-containing nanoparticles and the nanoparticles having no fluorescence characteristics are the same. More preferably, the difference between the average particle diameters of the two is 25% or less, and particularly preferably, the surface of the nanoparticles having no fluorescence property is covered with polyethylene glycol.
- the amount of the blocking agent used is not particularly limited, but generally 0.5 to 10 times the amount of the color former is suitable.
- the blocking agent concerning this invention may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used together with well-known blocking agents, such as BSA and skim milk.
- a PBS solution may contain a surfactant such as Tween20.
- the temperature is not particularly limited, but can be performed at room temperature.
- the immersion time is preferably 3 to 30 minutes. If necessary, PBS may be replaced during the immersion.
- the required fixing treatment step is a step of fixing the labeled probe biological material introduced in the staining step (3) to a tissue section.
- Examples of the fixing treatment solution used in the present invention include cross-linking agents such as formalin, paraformaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, acetone, ethanol, and methanol, and cell membrane permeants.
- the fixing process can be performed by a conventionally known method.
- Fixed processing is Specifically, it can be performed by immersing the stained tissue section obtained by the histochemical staining step (3) in such a fixing treatment solution.
- it can be carried out by immersing the stained tissue section obtained by the histochemical staining step (3) in a dilute paraformaldehyde aqueous solution for several minutes to several hours.
- Observation process under a fluorescence microscope Using the fluorescence microscope, the expression level of a specific biological substance can be measured based on the number of bright spots or light emission luminance with respect to the slices thus obtained.
- Those skilled in the art can appropriately select the excitation light source and the fluorescence detection optical filter corresponding to the absorption maximum wavelength and fluorescence wavelength of the phosphor used.
- Measurement of the number of bright spots or emission luminance can be performed using image analysis software such as ImageJ, which is open analysis software, or G-Count, a total bright spot automatic measurement software manufactured by G. Angstrom.
- image analysis software such as ImageJ, which is open analysis software, or G-Count, a total bright spot automatic measurement software manufactured by G. Angstrom.
- S (PEG) 12 Thermo Scientific succinimidyl-[(N-maleomidopropionamid) -dodecaethyleneglycol manufactured by Thermo Scientific Co., Ltd.
- Step (2-5) Centrifuge each reaction mixture in step (2-4) at 10,000 ⁇ g for 60 minutes, remove the supernatant, add ethanol, disperse the sediment, and centrifuge again. went. In the same procedure, washing with ethanol and washing with pure water were performed once more.
- Step (4-1) 40 mL of ethanol and 9.7 mL of 14% aqueous ammonia were mixed.
- Step (4-2) Tetraethoxysilane 400 ⁇ L (1.796 mmol) was added to the stirring solution of the mixed solution of Step (4-1) at room temperature. Stirring was performed for 7 hours from the start of addition.
- Step (4-3) The reaction mixture of step (4-2) was centrifuged at 10,000 ⁇ g for 60 minutes, and the supernatant was removed. Ethanol was added to disperse the sediment and centrifuged again. In the same procedure, washing with ethanol and washing with pure water were performed once more.
- the average particle diameter was 69 nm and the variation coefficient was 17%.
- the amount of 14% aqueous ammonia was changed from 9.7 mL to 10 mL, 11.5 mL, and 13 mL, respectively, as in steps (4-1) to (4-3).
- the average particle diameter (coefficient of variation) of the obtained silica nanoparticles was 79 nm (10%), 88 nm (12.6%), and 99 nm (11.3%), respectively.
- Step (5-2) The reaction mixture of step (5-1) was centrifuged at 10,000 ⁇ g for 60 minutes, and the supernatant was removed.
- micromer registered trademark
- ethanol 2: 8.
- Step (6-4) The phosphor-encapsulated polystyrene nanoparticles in Step (6-3) were adjusted to 3 nM using PBS containing 2 mM EDTA.
- Step (6-6) The reaction mixture of step (6-5) was centrifuged at 10,000 ⁇ g for 60 minutes, and the supernatant was removed.
- Step (6-8) When 100 ⁇ g of anti-HER2 antibody was dissolved in 100 ⁇ L of PBS, 1 M dithiothreitol [DTT] was added and reacted for 30 minutes.
- Step (6-9) Excess DTT was removed from the reaction mixture of step (6-8) with a gel filtration column to obtain a reduced anti-HER2 antibody solution.
- Step (6-10) The particle dispersion of step (6-7) and the reduced anti-HER2 antibody solution of step (6-9) were mixed in PBS and allowed to react for 1 hour.
- Step (6-11) 4 ⁇ L of 10 mM mercaptoethanol was added to the reaction solution of step (6-10) to stop the reaction.
- Step (7-2) The mixture of step (7-1) was heated to 70 ° C. with stirring and reacted for 30 minutes to obtain an initial condensate.
- Step (7-4) 1 g of the initial condensate of step (7-2) was added to the solution of step (7-3), 0.93 mL of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid was added, and the mixture was stirred for 6 hours.
- Step (7-5) The reaction mixture of step (7-4) was centrifuged at 10,000 ⁇ g for 60 minutes, and the supernatant was removed. Ethanol was added thereto to disperse the sediment and centrifuged again. In the same procedure, washing with ethanol and washing with pure water were performed once more. The phosphor-encapsulated melamine nanoparticles thus obtained were observed by SEM. The average particle size was 97 nm and the coefficient of variation was 10%.
- the anti-HER2 antibody was obtained in the same manner as in the steps (6-4) to (6-12) except that the phosphor-encapsulated melamine nanoparticles were used instead of the phosphor-encapsulated polystyrene nanoparticles.
- Step (8-2) 40 mL of ethanol was mixed with 13.8 mL of 14% aqueous ammonia.
- Step (8-3) While the mixed solution of Step (8-2) was stirred at room temperature, the mixed solution of Step (8-1) was added. Stirring was performed for 12 hours from the start of addition.
- Step (8-4) The reaction mixture of step (8-3) was centrifuged at 10,000 ⁇ g for 60 minutes, and the supernatant was removed. Ethanol was added thereto to disperse the sediment and centrifuged again. In the same procedure, washing with ethanol and washing with pure water were performed once more. The phosphor-encapsulated silica nanoparticles thus obtained were observed with an SEM. The average particle size was 99 nm and the coefficient of variation was 12%.
- Step (8-5) Step (5-1) except that the phosphor-encapsulated silica nanoparticles in Step (8-4) were used in place of the silica nanoparticles not encapsulating the phosphor in Step (5-1).
- phosphor-encapsulated silica nanoparticles modified with amino groups were produced.
- Step (8-6) Covered with PEG in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that the amino group-modified phosphor-encapsulated silica nanoparticles produced as described above were used instead of polystyrene nanoparticles in Production Example 1. Phosphor-encapsulated silica nanoparticles were produced.
- Step (8-7) The particle dispersion of Step (8-6) and the reduced anti-HER2 antibody solution of Step (6-9) were mixed in PBS and allowed to react for 1 hour.
- Step (8-8) 4 ⁇ L of 10 mM mercaptoethanol was added to the reaction solution of step (8-7) to stop the reaction.
- Step (8-9) The reaction mixture of step (8-8) is centrifuged at 10,000 ⁇ g for 60 minutes, the supernatant is removed, PBS containing 2 mM EDTA is added, the precipitate is dispersed, and again Centrifugation was performed. Washing by the same procedure was performed three times. Finally, redispersion using 500 ⁇ L of PBS to disperse particles of phosphor nanoparticles (average particle size: 135 nm) (ie, color former ⁇ C>) encapsulated with anti-HER2 antibody and coated with PEG. A liquid was obtained.
- Step (9-2) 4 mL of ethanol and 2.5 mL of 14% aqueous ammonia were mixed.
- Step (9-4) The reaction mixture was centrifuged at 10,000 ⁇ g for 60 minutes, and the supernatant was removed. Ethanol was added thereto to disperse the sediment, and centrifugation was performed again. In the same procedure, washing with ethanol and washing with pure water were performed once more. When the obtained phosphor-encapsulated silica nanoparticles were observed with an SEM, the average particle size was 130 nm and the coefficient of variation was 13%.
- step (8-5) in place of the phosphor-encapsulated silica nanoparticles in the step (8-4), except that the phosphor-encapsulated silica nanoparticles in the step (9-4) were used, the process (8-5)
- particle dispersion of phosphor nanoparticles average particle size: 101 nm
- color former ⁇ D> encapsulated with anti-HER2 antibody and coated with PEG (CdSe / ZnS)
- a liquid was produced.
- Step (C-1) The section was immersed in a container containing xylene for 30 minutes. On the way, xylene was changed three times.
- Step (C-3) This section was immersed in a container containing water for 30 minutes. The water was changed three times along the way.
- Step (C-5) Autoclaving was performed at 121 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- Step (C-7) PBS containing 1% BSA as a blocking agent was placed on the tissue and left for 1 hour.
- Step (C-9) Each section after staining was immersed in a container containing PBS for 30 minutes.
- Example 1 Polystyrene nanoparticles (average particle size: 70 nm) as a blocking agent
- the section was obtained in the same manner as in the comparative example, except that a PBS dispersion containing polystyrene nanoparticles (“3070A” manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific; average particle size: 70 nm) was used. The tissue was stained and observed under a fluorescence microscope.
- Example 2 Polystyrene nanoparticles (average particle size: 80 nm) as a blocking agent
- the section was obtained in the same manner as in the comparative example, except that a PBS dispersion containing polystyrene nanoparticles (“3080A” manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific; average particle size: 80 nm) was used. The tissue was stained and observed under a fluorescence microscope.
- Example 3 Polystyrene nanoparticles (average particle size: 90 nm) as a blocking agent
- the section was obtained in the same manner as in the comparative example, except that a PBS dispersion containing polystyrene nanoparticles (“3090A” manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific; average particle size: 90 nm) was used. The tissue was stained and observed under a fluorescence microscope.
- Example 4 Polystyrene nanoparticles (average particle size: 100 nm) as a blocking agent
- a PBS dispersion containing polystyrene nanoparticles (“micromer (registered trademark) 01-01-102” manufactured by Micromod; average particle size: 100 nm) was used.
- the sections were immunohistologically stained and observed under a fluorescence microscope.
- Example 5 PEG-coated polystyrene nanoparticles (average particle size: 100 nm) as a blocking agent
- the PEG-coated polystyrene nanoparticle-containing PBS dispersion obtained in Production Example 1 was used. Except for use, the sections were immunohistologically stained in the same manner as in the comparative example, and observed under a fluorescence microscope.
- Example 6 Melamine nanoparticles as a blocking agent (average particle size: 72 nm)
- the section of the immune tissue was obtained in the same manner as in the comparative example, except that the melamine nanoparticle (average particle size: 72 nm) -containing PBS dispersion obtained in Production Example 2 was used. Stained and observed under a fluorescence microscope.
- Example 7 Melamine nanoparticles as a blocking agent (average particle size: 83 nm)
- the slice was obtained from the immune tissue in the same manner as in the comparative example, except that the melamine nanoparticle (average particle size: 83 nm) -containing PBS dispersion obtained in Production Example 2 was used. Stained and observed under a fluorescence microscope.
- Example 8 Melamine nanoparticles as a blocking agent (average particle size: 91 nm)
- the slice was obtained from the immune tissue in the same manner as in the comparative example, except that the melamine nanoparticle (average particle size: 91 nm) -containing PBS dispersion obtained in Production Example 2 was used. Stained and observed under a fluorescence microscope.
- Example 9 Melamine nanoparticles as a blocking agent (average particle size: 98 nm)
- the immune tissue was obtained in the same manner as in the comparative example except that the melamine nanoparticle (average particle size: 98 nm) -containing PBS dispersion obtained in Production Example 2 was used. Stained and observed under a fluorescence microscope.
- Example 10 PEG-coated melamine nanoparticles (average particle size: 98 nm) as a blocking agent
- the section was immunohistologically stained in the same manner as in the comparative example except that the PEG-coated melamine nanoparticle-containing PBS dispersion obtained in Production Example 3 was used instead of 1% BSA-containing PBS. Observed below.
- Example 11 Silica nanoparticles as a blocking agent (average particle size: 69 nm)
- the sections were stained with immunohistochemistry in the same manner as in the comparative example, except that the silica nanoparticle (average particle size: 69 nm) -containing PBS dispersion obtained in Production Example 4 was used. And observed under a fluorescence microscope.
- Example 12 Silica nanoparticles as a blocking agent (average particle size: 79 nm)
- the sections were immunohistologically stained in the same manner as in the comparative example except that the silica nanoparticle (average particle diameter: 79 nm) -containing PBS dispersion obtained in Production Example 4 was used. And observed under a fluorescence microscope.
- Example 13 Silica nanoparticles (average particle size: 88 nm) as a blocking agent
- the section was stained with immunohistochemistry in the same manner as in the comparative example, except that the silica nanoparticle (average particle size: 88 nm) -containing PBS dispersion obtained in Production Example 4 was used. And observed under a fluorescence microscope.
- Example 14 Silica nanoparticles as a blocking agent (average particle size: 99 nm)
- the section was stained with immunohistochemistry in the same manner as in the comparative example except that the silica nanoparticle (average particle size: 99 nm) -containing PBS dispersion obtained in Production Example 4 was used. And observed under a fluorescence microscope.
- Example 15 PEG-coated silica nanoparticles (average particle size: 99 nm) as a blocking agent
- the section was immunized in the same manner as in the comparative example, except that the PBS dispersion containing PEG-coated silica nanoparticles (average particle size: 99 nm) obtained in Production Example 5 was used instead of PBS containing 1% BSA. The tissue was stained and observed under a fluorescence microscope.
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Abstract
Description
特定の生体物質を特異的に認識する生体物質認識分子がその粒子表面に結合した蛍光体内包ナノ粒子を発色剤として使用する、特定の生体物質を検出する方法であって、該蛍光体内包ナノ粒子が特定の生体物質以外の生体物質に非特異的に吸着するのを防止するためのブロッキング剤として、蛍光体を内包しないナノ粒子を使用することを含む。
本発明は、特定の生体物質を特異的に認識する生体物質認識分子がその粒子表面に結合した蛍光体内包ナノ粒子を発色剤として使用する、特定の生体物質を検出する方法であって、該蛍光体内包ナノ粒子が特定の生体物質以外の生体物質に非特異的に吸着するのを防止するためのブロッキング剤として、蛍光体を内包しないナノ粒子を使用する。
本発明に係る特定の生体物質を検出する方法として、具体的には、従来公知であるイムノクロマト法、イムノアッセイ、ウエスタンブロティング法、ノーザンブロティング法、サザンブロッティング法、DNAアレイ(またはDNAマイクロアレイもしくはDNAチップ)を使用するハイブリダイゼーション法、免疫組織化学法、免疫細胞化学法などを例示できる。これらのうち、組織切片を蛍光染色する方法が好ましく、特に免疫組織化学法が好ましい。
本発明で用いられる蛍光体としては、蛍光有機色素および半導体ナノ粒子を包含する蛍光物質を挙げることができる。200~700nmの波長範囲である紫外~近赤外光により励起されたときに、400~900nmの波長範囲である可視~近赤外光の発光を示す蛍光体が好ましい。
有機蛍光色素としては、フルオレセイン系色素分子、ローダミン系色素分子、Alexa Fluor(インビトロジェン社製)系色素分子、BODIPY(インビトロジェン社製)系色素分子、カスケード系色素分子、クマリン系色素分子、エオジン系色素分子、NBD系色素分子、ピレン系色素分子、Texas Red系色素分子、シアニン系色素分子等を挙げることができる。
本発明に用いる半導体ナノ粒子とは、コア/シェル構造を有するものであり、後述する半導体を形成する材料(素材)を含有するナノサイズ(1~1,000nm)の粒径を有する粒子であって、コア部(芯部)とそれを被覆するシェル部(被覆部)で構成される多重構造を有する粒子をいう。II-VI族化合物,III-V族化合物またはIV族元素を成分として含有する半導体ナノ粒子(それぞれ「II-VI族半導体ナノ粒子」「III-V族半導体ナノ粒子」「IV族半導体ナノ粒子」ともいう。)のいずれかを用いることができ、一種単独でも二種以上併用してもよい。
半導体ナノ粒子としては、例えば、CdSe/ZnS,CdS/ZnS,InP/ZnS,InGaP/ZnS,Si/SiO2,Si/ZnS,Ge/GeO2,Ge/ZnSなどが挙げられるが、本発明はこれらに限定されない。
本発明で用いる蛍光体内包ナノ粒子とは、蛍光体がナノ粒子の内部に分散されたものを言い、ナノ粒子を構成する材料(本発明において「母体」と称することがある。)と蛍光体とは、化学的に結合していても、していなくてもよい。一方、本発明でブロッキング剤として用いる蛍光体を内包しないナノ粒子とは、蛍光体をナノ粒子の内部に含まないナノ粒子、典型的には上記のような母体のみからなるナノ粒子を言う。
本発明で用いる生体物質認識分子とは、標的とする特定の生体物質を認識し、該生体物質に特異的に結合および/または反応する分子を言う。
本発明は、上述のとおり、特定の発色剤とブロッキング剤とを併用する検出方法であり、組織切片を蛍光染色する従来公知の方法に好適である。組織切片は生体物質から構成されるが、病理組織切片には限定されず、また、細胞染色にも適用することができる。
以下、本発明の検出方法に含まれる下記の工程を順に説明する。
キシレンを入れた容器に、組織切片を浸漬させ、パラフィン除去する。温度は特に限定されるものではないが、室温で行うことができる。浸漬時間は、3~30分間であることが好ましい。また必要により浸漬途中でキシレンを交換してもよい。
公知の方法にならい、特定の生体物質の賦活化処理を行う。賦活化条件に特に定めはないが、賦活液としては、0.01Mのクエン酸緩衝液(pH6.0)、1mMのEDTA溶液(pH8.0)、5%の尿素、0.1Mのトリス塩酸緩衝液などを含有する溶液を用いることができる。加熱機器はオートクレーブ、マイクロウェーブ、圧力鍋、ウォーターバスなどを用いることができる。温度は特に限定されるものではないが、室温で行うことができる。温度は50~130℃、時間は5~30分間で行うことができる。
この組織化学染色工程(3)において、まず、生体物質認識分子を結合した蛍光体内包ナノ粒子のリン酸緩衝液生理的食塩水〔PBS〕分散液を調整し、切片に乗せ、特定の生体物質との反応を行う。温度は特に限定されるものではないが、室温で行うことができる。反応時間は、5分間~24時間であることが好ましい。特定の生体物質と生体物質認識分子との反応に適した環境を安定して維持するための溶媒として、上記ではPBSを例示したが、PBS以外に、リン酸緩衝液、Tris緩衝液、MES緩衝液、クエン酸-リン酸緩衝液なども用いることができる。
本発明において所要の固定処理工程は、上記の染色工程(3)により導入された標識化プローブ生体物質を、組織切片に固定化する工程である。
具体的には、このような固定処理溶液に、組織化学染色工程(3)により得られた染色組織切片を浸漬することにより行うことができる。例えば、稀パラホルムアルデヒド水溶液中に、組織化学染色工程(3)により得られた染色組織切片を数分から数時間程度浸漬することにより行うことができる。
このようにして得られる切片に対し蛍光顕微鏡を用いて、特定の生体物質の発現レベルを輝点数または発光輝度を基に計測することができる。用いた蛍光体の吸収極大波長および蛍光波長に対応した励起光源および蛍光検出用光学フィルターは、当業者であれば適宜選択することができる。
<ブロッキング剤の製造>
ブロッキング剤として「蛍光体を内包しないナノ粒子」を、以下のようにして数種類製造した。これらの粒子は、母体の組成・平均粒径・ポリエチレングリコール〔PEG〕で被覆されているか否かの点で種類が異なるものである。
工程(1-1):ポリスチレンナノ粒子(Micromod社製「micromer (登録商標) 01-01-102」;平均粒径:100nm)1mgに対して、エチレンジアミン四酢酸〔EDTA〕を2mM含有したリン酸緩衝液生理的食塩水〔PBS〕を用いて3nMに調整した。
工程(1-4):工程(1-3)の沈殿物に、EDTAを2mM含有したPBSを加え、分散させて、再度遠心分離を行い、上澄みを除去するという洗浄を行った。同様の手順による洗浄を、さらに二回行った。その後、500μLのPBSで再分散させた。その結果、PEGで被覆された、蛍光体を内包しないポリスチレンナノ粒子が得られた。
工程(2-1):メラミン15gと37%ホルマリン29gと28%アンモニア水溶液1.5gとを混合して、pH8に調整した。
工程(2-3):「ネオペレックスG-15」(花王(株)製)0.12mlを水22ml中に溶解して、90℃に昇温したサンプルを四本準備した。
であった。
製造例1において、ポリスチレンナノ粒子の代わりに、製造例2で得られた平均粒径が98nmのメラミンナノ粒子を用いた以外は、製造例1と同様にして、PEGで被覆されたメラミンナノ粒子を製造した。
工程(4-1):エタノール40mLと14%アンモニア水9.7mLとを混合した。
工程(4-2):工程(4-1)の混合液を室温で撹拌しているところに、テトラエトキシシラン400μL(1.796mmol)を添加した。添加開始から7時間撹拌を行った。
また、工程(4-1)において、14%アンモニア水の配合量を9.7mLから、それぞれ10mL、11.5mL、13mLに変更した以外は、工程(4-1)~(4-3)と同様にして、それぞれ平均粒径の異なる三種類のシリカナノ粒子を製造した。得られたシリカナノ粒子の平均粒径(変動係数)はそれぞれ、79nm(10%)、88nm(12.6%)、99nm(11.3%)であった。
工程(5-1):製造例4で得られた平均粒径が99nmのシリカナノ粒子1mgを、純水5mLに分散させた。アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン100μLを添加し、室温で12時間撹拌した。
工程(5-3):工程(5-2)の沈殿物にエタノールを加えて、分散させ、再度遠心分離を行った。同様の手順でエタノールによる洗浄と純水による洗浄とをさらに一回ずつ行った。
以下、製造例1において、ポリスチレンナノ粒子の代わりに、工程(5-3)で得られたアミノ基修飾シリカナノ粒子を用いた以外は、製造例1と同様にして、PEGで被覆された、蛍光体を内包しないシリカナノ粒子を製造した。
発色剤として「特定の生体物質を特異的に認識する生体物質認識分子がその粒子表面に結合した蛍光体内包ナノ粒子」を四種類製造した。それらは、いずれもPEGで被覆され、その粒子表面に抗HER2抗体が結合しているが、蛍光体の種類・母体の組成・平均粒径の点で異なるものである。
工程(6-1):ポリスチレンナノ粒子(Micromod社製「micromer (登録商標) 01-01-102」;平均粒径:100nm)10gを、水:エタノール=2:8の混合溶媒中に分散し、室温で3時間撹拌した。
工程(6-3):工程(6-2)の反応混合物を10,000×gで60分間遠心分離を行い、上澄みを除去した。そこにエタノールを加え、沈降物を分散させ再度遠心分離を行った。同様の手順でエタノールによる洗浄と純水による洗浄をさらに一回ずつ行った。その結果、蛍光体内包ポリスチレンナノ粒子が得られた。
工程(6-5):工程(6-4)の溶液に、最終濃度10mMとなるよう「SM(PEG)12」を混合し、3時間反応した。
工程(6-7):工程(6-6)の沈殿物に、EDTAを2mM含有したPBSを加えて分散させ、再度遠心分離を行った。同様の手順による洗浄を三回行った。最後に500μLのPBSを用いて再分散させることによって、PEGで被覆されたポリスチレンナノ粒子の粒子分散液が得られた。
工程(6-9):工程(6-8)の反応混合物について、ゲルろ過カラムで過剰のDTTを除去し、還元化抗HER2抗体溶液を得た。
工程(6-11):工程(6-10)の反応液に、10mMメルカプトエタノール4μLを添加し、反応を停止させた。
工程(7-1):メラミン15gと37%ホルマリン29gと28%アンモニア水溶液1.5gとを混合して、pH8に調整した。
工程(7-3):「ネオペレックスG-15」を0.12mlと、Cy5を1mg(0.00126mmol)とを水22mL中に溶解して90℃に昇温した。
工程(7-5):工程(7-4)の反応混合物を10,000×gで60分間遠心分離を行い、上澄みを除去した。そこにエタノールを加え、沈降物を分散させ再度遠心分離を行った。同様の手順でエタノールによる洗浄と純水による洗浄をさらに一回ずつ行った。このようにして得られた蛍光体内包メラミンナノ粒子をSEMにより観察したところ、平均粒径が97nm、変動係数が10%であった。
工程(8-1):Cy5のN-ヒドロキシスクシンイミドエステル誘導体(GEヘルスケア・ジャパン(株)製)1mg(0.00126mmol)をテトラエトキシシラン420μL(1.796mmol)と混合した。
工程(8-3):工程(8-2)の混合液を室温下で撹拌しているところに、工程(8-1)の混合液を添加した。添加開始から12時間撹拌を行った。
工程(8-8):工程(8-7)の反応液に、10mMメルカプトエタノール4μLを添加し、反応を停止させた。
工程(9-1):発光波長655nmを有するCdSe/ZnSのデカン分散液(インビトロジェン(株)製「Qdot655」)10μLとテトラエトキシシラン40μLとを混合した。
工程(9-3):工程(9-2)の混合液を室温下で撹拌しているところに、工程(9-1)の混合液を添加した。添加開始から12時間撹拌を行った。
[比較例]ブロッキング剤としてBSAを使用
発色剤として、製造例6~9で得られた発色剤〈A〉~〈D〉それぞれを使用して、DAB染色により判定結果が既知のヒト乳房組織の隣接切片を用い、下記の工程に従って免疫組織染色を行った。該切片として、コスモ・バイオ(株)製の組織アレイスライド「CB-A712」を用いた。
工程(C-2):この切片を、エタノールを入れた容器に30分間浸漬させた。途中三回エタノールを交換した。
工程(C-4):この切片を、10mMクエン酸緩衝液(pH6.0)に30分間浸漬させた。
工程(C-6):PBSを入れた容器に、オートクレーブ処理後の切片を30分間浸漬させた。
工程(C-8):1%BSA含有PBSで0.05nMに希釈した発色剤〈A〉~〈D〉それぞれを各切片に乗せて、3時間放置した。
工程(C-10):Merck Chemicals社製「Aquatex」を滴下後、カバーガラスを乗せ封入した。
比較例において、1%BSA含有PBSの代わりに、ポリスチレンナノ粒子(Thermo Fisher Scientific社製「3070A」;平均粒径:70nm)含有PBS分散液を用いた以外は、比較例と同様にして切片を免疫組織染色し、蛍光顕微鏡下で観察した。
比較例において、1%BSA含有PBSの代わりに、ポリスチレンナノ粒子(Thermo Fisher Scientific社製「3080A」;平均粒径:80nm)含有PBS分散液を用いた以外は、比較例と同様にして切片を免疫組織染色し、蛍光顕微鏡下で観察した。
比較例において、1%BSA含有PBSの代わりに、ポリスチレンナノ粒子(Thermo Fisher Scientific社製「3090A」;平均粒径:90nm)含有PBS分散液を用いた以外は、比較例と同様にして切片を免疫組織染色し、蛍光顕微鏡下で観察した。
比較例において、1%BSA含有PBSの代わりに、ポリスチレンナノ粒子(Micromod社製「micromer (登録商標) 01-01-102」;平均粒径:100nm)含有PBS分散液を用いた以外は、比較例と同様にして切片を免疫組織染色し、蛍光顕微鏡下で観察した。
比較例において、1%BSA含有PBSの代わりに、製造例2で得られたメラミンナノ粒子(平均粒径:72nm)含有PBS分散液を用いた以外は、比較例と同様にして切片を免疫組織染色し、蛍光顕微鏡下で観察した。
比較例において、1%BSA含有PBSの代わりに、製造例2で得られたメラミンナノ粒子(平均粒径:83nm)含有PBS分散液を用いた以外は、比較例と同様にして切片を免疫組織染色し、蛍光顕微鏡下で観察した。
比較例において、1%BSA含有PBSの代わりに、製造例2で得られたメラミンナノ粒子(平均粒径:91nm)含有PBS分散液を用いた以外は、比較例と同様にして切片を免疫組織染色し、蛍光顕微鏡下で観察した。
比較例において、1%BSA含有PBSの代わりに、製造例2で得られたメラミンナノ粒子(平均粒径:98nm)含有PBS分散液を用いた以外は、比較例と同様にして切片を免疫組織染色し、蛍光顕微鏡下で観察した。
比較例において、1%BSA含有PBSの代わりに、製造例3で得られたPEG被覆メラミンナノ粒子含有PBS分散液を用いた以外は、比較例と同様にして切片を免疫組織染色し、蛍光顕微鏡下で観察した。
比較例において、1%BSA含有PBSの代わりに、製造例4で得られたシリカナノ粒子(平均粒径:69nm)含有PBS分散液を用いた以外は、比較例と同様にして切片を免疫組織染色し、蛍光顕微鏡下で観察した。
比較例において、1%BSA含有PBSの代わりに、製造例4で得られたシリカナノ粒子(平均粒径:79nm)含有PBS分散液を用いた以外は、比較例と同様にして切片を免疫組織染色し、蛍光顕微鏡下で観察した。
比較例において、1%BSA含有PBSの代わりに、製造例4で得られたシリカナノ粒子(平均粒径:88nm)含有PBS分散液を用いた以外は、比較例と同様にして切片を免疫組織染色し、蛍光顕微鏡下で観察した。
比較例において、1%BSA含有PBSの代わりに、製造例4で得られたシリカナノ粒子(平均粒径:99nm)含有PBS分散液を用いた以外は、比較例と同様にして切片を免疫組織染色し、蛍光顕微鏡下で観察した。
比較例において、1%BSA含有PBSの代わりに、製造例5で得られたPEG被覆シリカナノ粒子(平均粒径:99nm)含有PBS分散液を用いた以外は、比較例と同様にして切片を免疫組織染色し、蛍光顕微鏡下で観察した。
Claims (5)
- 特定の生体物質を特異的に認識する生体物質認識分子がその粒子表面に結合した蛍光体内包ナノ粒子を発色剤として使用する、特定の生体物質を検出する方法であって、該蛍光体内包ナノ粒子が特定の生体物質以外の生体物質に非特異的に吸着するのを防止するためのブロッキング剤として、蛍光体を内包しないナノ粒子を使用する検出方法。
- 上記生体物質が、組織切片を構成するものである、請求項1に記載の検出方法。
- 上記蛍光体内包ナノ粒子の母体と、上記の蛍光体を内包しないナノ粒子の母体とが、同じ組成を有する、請求項1または2に記載の検出方法。
- 上記蛍光体内包ナノ粒子および上記の蛍光体を内包しないナノ粒子の粒子表面の少なくとも一部が、それぞれ、生体物質に吸着しづらい同じ有機分子で被覆されている、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の検出方法。
- 上記蛍光体内包ナノ粒子の平均粒径と、上記の蛍光体を内包しないナノ粒子の平均粒径との差が、25%以内である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の検出方法。
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JPWO2013146694A1 (ja) | 2015-12-14 |
EP2833144B1 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
EP2833144A4 (en) | 2015-08-26 |
US9632081B2 (en) | 2017-04-25 |
EP2833144A1 (en) | 2015-02-04 |
JP6194882B2 (ja) | 2017-09-13 |
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