WO2013137286A1 - 固体酸触媒、その製造方法及びそれを用いた脂肪酸アルキルエステルの製造方法 - Google Patents
固体酸触媒、その製造方法及びそれを用いた脂肪酸アルキルエステルの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013137286A1 WO2013137286A1 PCT/JP2013/056908 JP2013056908W WO2013137286A1 WO 2013137286 A1 WO2013137286 A1 WO 2013137286A1 JP 2013056908 W JP2013056908 W JP 2013056908W WO 2013137286 A1 WO2013137286 A1 WO 2013137286A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fatty acid
- alkyl ester
- acid alkyl
- alcohol
- catalyst
- Prior art date
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- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000011973 solid acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- MEYVLGVRTYSQHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O MEYVLGVRTYSQHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
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Images
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solid acid catalyst having high activity and activity stability for a catalytic reaction with a Lewis acid or Bronsted acid, a method for producing the same, and a method for producing a fatty acid alkyl ester using the same.
- Fatty acid alkyl esters are used as chemicals, raw materials for plastics and chemical products, and alternative fuels for petroleum light oil.
- the fatty acid alkyl ester is usually produced by an esterification reaction between a fatty acid and a C1-C10 lower alcohol or an ester exchange reaction between an aliphatic triglyceride and a C1-C10 lower alcohol.
- Industrially it is produced by a method of producing a corresponding fatty acid monoester by transesterifying vegetable oil or animal oil in an alcohol solvent using an alkali trioxide as a raw material, an aliphatic triglyceride which is a main component of vegetable oil or animal oil.
- the solid acid catalyst can catalyze the esterification reaction of free fatty acid and the transesterification of triglyceride at the same time, so there is no restriction on the free fatty acid content in the raw oil and fat, and the separation of the catalyst after the reaction is easy .
- zeolites such as zeolites, ion exchange resins, and heteropolyacids
- zeolite catalysts have low acidity and low catalytic activity due to limited mass transfer in the pores.
- An ion exchange resin such as a sulfonic acid resin requires a reaction temperature of 170 ° C. or higher in order to increase the activity, but the resin cannot withstand such a temperature.
- the heteropolyacid catalyst is easily soluble in water, there is a problem that the active component is lost within a short time and the activity is lost.
- metal oxide catalysts such as TiO 2, ZrO 2, TiO 2 -ZrO 2 impregnated with sulfuric acid (JP-A-09-103681, JP-A No. 11-244701 and JP Hei 11-057478), sulfonated
- the acid group-introduced amorphous carbon catalyst Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-114272 shows activity both in the esterification reaction and the transesterification reaction.
- the sulfate group is easily washed away. There is.
- an amorphous carbon catalyst having a sulfonic acid group introduced therein it is difficult to process the catalyst into a shape and strength required for a fixed bed flow reactor, so that it is not suitable for an industrial production apparatus.
- Another solid acid catalyst is a solid containing ⁇ -alumina and tungstic acid, having a specific surface area of 3 to 50 m 2 / g and an argon adsorption heat of ⁇ 14.5 kJ / mol or less.
- Acid catalyst Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-175649
- solid acid catalyst obtained by supporting molybdenum oxide on a zirconia support and firing at 673K to 1473K
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-149900 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-149900
- Niop and / or tantalum and molybdenum And / or a solid acid catalyst Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
- the object of the present invention is to have high activity for acid-catalyzed reactions such as esterification reaction, transesterification reaction, alkylation reaction, isomerization reaction, the reaction temperature is low, side reactions can be minimized, and during the reaction It is an object of the present invention to provide a solid acid catalyst that is free from catalyst component loss and excellent in stability, a method for producing the same, and a method for producing a fatty acid alkyl ester using the same.
- the present invention has a periodic rule that is a main component of an inorganic porous carrier (A) such as silica, alumina, titania, magnesia, zirconia.
- A inorganic porous carrier
- B metal element oxide
- C metal element oxide or sulfur oxide
- D non-metal oxide
- the solid acid catalyst for producing the fatty acid alkyl ester of the first invention is selected from group VIb of the periodic table in at least one inorganic porous carrier (A) selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina, titania, magnesia and zirconia.
- A inorganic porous carrier
- At least one metal element oxide or sulfate (C) selected from the group consisting of (Sn) and at least one nonmetal element oxide (D) selected from boron (B) and silicon (Si) are supported. It is characterized by letting
- the solid acid catalyst for producing a fatty acid alkyl ester according to the second invention is the metal oxide (B), metal oxide or sulfate (C), and nonmetal with respect to the inorganic porous support (A) in the first invention.
- the supported amount of the oxide (D) is 2.5 to 25%, 1 to 10% and 0.5 to 5%, respectively, in terms of the highest value oxide of the metal, and the total of B, C and D is 30%. It is characterized by the following.
- the method for producing a solid acid catalyst for producing a fatty acid alkyl ester of the third invention is a method for producing a solid acid catalyst of the solid catalyst of the first invention or the second invention, wherein (a) the inorganic porous carrier (A) A step of impregnating the metal oxide (B) with a precursor of a metal oxide or a sulfated oxide (C); (b) before, during or after the step (a), a non-metal oxide ( It comprises the step of impregnating the precursor of D).
- a method for producing a solid acid catalyst for producing a fatty acid alkyl ester according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the method according to the third aspect, wherein the preparation method comprises the step of adding a metal oxide (B) and a metal oxide or sulfate ( After impregnating the water-soluble precursor of C) and drying at a temperature not higher than the temperature at which the metal oxide or sulfate precursor is thermally decomposed, impregnating the metal oxide (D) precursor and drying And firing at 400 to 750 ° C. in an oxygen atmosphere.
- the preparation method comprises the step of adding a metal oxide (B) and a metal oxide or sulfate ( After impregnating the water-soluble precursor of C) and drying at a temperature not higher than the temperature at which the metal oxide or sulfate precursor is thermally decomposed, impregnating the metal oxide (D) precursor and drying And firing at 400 to 750 ° C. in an oxygen atmosphere.
- a method for producing a fatty acid alkyl ester according to a fifth invention is a method for producing a fatty acid alkyl ester by reacting a fatty acid or / and triglyceride with an alcohol in the presence of the solid acid catalyst according to claims 1 to 4.
- a first reaction step in which a fatty acid or / and triglyceride and an alcohol are brought into contact with a solid acid catalyst at a temperature of 100 to 250 ° C.
- the crude fatty acid alkyl ester B obtained in the second separation step is distilled under reduced pressure, and fractions having boiling points of 100 ° C. or lower and 360 ° C. or higher are obtained. It includes an ester distillation step of cutting to obtain a purified fatty acid alkyl ester.
- the method for producing a fatty acid alkyl ester of the seventh invention is characterized in that, in the fifth and sixth inventions, the solid acid catalyst is any one of the first and second inventions.
- the method for producing a fatty acid alkyl ester of the eighth invention is the fifth to seventh inventions, wherein the molar ratio of alcohol to fatty acid or / and triglyceride is 1.2 to 40 in terms of molar ratio of alcohol to fatty acid,
- the molar ratio of the alcohol to the crude fatty acid alkyl ester is 1.1 to 30 in terms of the molar ratio of alcohol to fatty acid.
- the method for producing a fatty acid alkyl ester according to the ninth aspect of the present invention includes the step of separating the fatty acid alkyl ester reaction liquid A or the fatty acid alkyl ester reaction liquid B at normal pressure or reduced pressure in the first separation step and the second separation step according to the fifth to eighth inventions. Under heating, the alcohol and water are heated to a temperature higher than the boiling point of the alcohol and water to evaporate the alcohol and water, and then glycerin is separated.
- the fatty acid alkyl ester can be efficiently obtained by contacting a mixture of a fatty acid or / and triglyceride-based animal and vegetable oil and lower alcohol with a solid catalyst without requiring harsh operating conditions. Can be manufactured well.
- This solid acid catalyst has no restriction on the quality of the raw oil and fat, does not require a step of removing the catalyst from the reaction product, and generates a large amount of waste, compared to a homogeneous phase reaction process using a conventional alkali or acid catalyst. Less, high yield and high purity fatty acid alkyl ester and glycerin are obtained.
- the catalyst activity is high, the side reaction is small, the activity is not lowered by the outflow of the catalyst component, and the life of the catalyst is long.
- Main catalyst components selected from group VIb of the periodic table include manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), gallium (Ga), tin
- a cocatalyst selected from the group consisting of (Sn) By adding a cocatalyst selected from the group consisting of (Sn), the activity of the catalyst is greatly improved, and the reaction can be carried out at a lower temperature. As a result, side reactions can be minimized.
- the non-metal oxide of boron (B) or silicon (Si) serves to prevent the catalytically active component from dissolving and flowing out into the reaction fluid, and can improve the stability of the catalyst.
- the crude fatty acid alkyl ester A having a water concentration of 0.1% or less by removing the alcohol, water and glycerin from the fatty acid alkyl ester reaction liquid A.
- Examples of raw materials used in the solid acid catalyst according to the present invention, a method for producing the same, and a method for producing a fatty acid alkyl ester using the same include various animal and vegetable oils and fats mainly composed of triglycerides, and fatty acids obtained by hydrolysis of animal and vegetable oils and fats. Is a representative.
- Vegetable oils include soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, coconut oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil, peanut oil, castor oil, rice oil, palm oil, jatropha oil, algae oil, and the like.
- Animal oils include beef tallow, pork tallow, horse tallow, fish oil, whale oil and the like. These fats and oils may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more. These fats and oils may be used waste oil.
- Used waste oil for example, waste oil and fat discarded from oil processing factory, food manufacturing factory, restaurant, general household, etc., oil and fat residue such as oil cake in edible oil manufacturing process, used as lubricating oil for metal hot rolling process
- oils and fats of vegetable oils, waste oils and fats generated in processed oils and fats manufacturing processes such as margarine, shortening, returned edible oils and fats such as defective products and expired animals, and animal oils and fats generated in edible oil and fish meat processing processes.
- the alcohol used in the solid acid catalyst according to the present invention, the production method thereof and the fatty acid alkyl ester production method using the same is preferably a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- primary alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and n-butanol, secondary alcohols such as isopropanol and sec-butanol, and tertiary alcohols such as tert-butanol may be used. It can.
- primary alcohols such as methanol and ethanol are particularly preferred.
- the water content of these alcohols is not particularly limited, but the lower the water content, the more preferable.
- the production method thereof and the production method of fatty acid alkyl ester using the same when triglyceride and alcohol are reacted, the fatty acid alkyl ester can be obtained by the reaction represented by Chemical Formula 1. Moreover, when a fatty acid and alcohol are reacted, a fatty acid alkyl ester can be obtained by the reaction represented by Chemical Formula 2.
- the solid acid catalyst of the present invention comprises an inorganic porous support (A), an oxide (B) of at least one metal element selected from Group VIb of the periodic table, manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt ( Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn) and at least one metal element oxide or sulfate (C) and boron ( It is obtained by supporting an oxide (D) of at least one nonmetallic element selected from B) and silicon (Si).
- silica (SiO 2 ), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), titania (TiO 2 ), magnesia (MgO), and zirconia (ZrO 2 ) are used as the inorganic porous carrier. These inorganic porous carriers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In the present invention, alumina and silica are particularly preferably used, but alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) is most preferable when only one kind is selected. When two or more types are selected, silica-alumina (SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 ) has higher performance than that of any one of silica and alumina, and is more preferable.
- the solid acid catalyst according to the present invention has 2.5 to 25% by mass of the Group VIb metal element as an active metal component on the inorganic porous support in terms of oxide, based on the total amount of the catalyst.
- At least one metal element selected from the group consisting of manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), gallium (Ga), and tin (Sn) 1 to 10 mass% of the oxide or sulfate of the catalyst in terms of oxide, and the oxide of at least one nonmetallic element selected from boron (B) and silicon (Si)
- 0.5 to 5% by mass is supported with respect to the total amount of the catalyst.
- the Group VIb metal element is selected from chromium, tungsten and molybdenum. These metal elements are supported on the carrier as metal oxides.
- the oxidation state is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include Cr 2 O 3 , CrO 2 , CrO 3 , MoO 2 , MoO 3 , WO 2 and WO 3 . These metal oxides may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Although there are no particular limitations on the loading or mixing method, a normal impregnation method or a solid phase mixing method is preferably used.
- the raw material for supporting the Group VIA metal element on the carrier as an oxide is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ammonium chromate, chromium nitrate, ammonium tungstate, and metatungsten.
- Ammonium acid, ammonium molybdate, tungstic acid, and tungsten chloride are used. These compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the oxide or sulfate (C) of the metal element supported on the catalyst carrier together with the Group VIb metal element is manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), One or more selected from zinc (Zn), gallium (Ga), and tin (Sn) are preferred, and tin and zinc are particularly preferably used.
- These metal elements are usually supported on the carrier as oxides or sulfates.
- a metal selected from manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), gallium (Ga), and tin (Sn) is an oxide.
- the raw material to be supported on the carrier as a sulfate is not particularly limited, but for example, sulfate, nitrate, carbonate, acetate, phosphate and the like are preferably used. In order to obtain a metal sulfate, the sulfate is most preferable. These compounds are also used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the Group VIb metal and manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn) are selected.
- the oxide (D) of the nonmetallic element supported on the carrier together with the metal include one or more nonmetallic oxides selected from boron (B) and silicon (Si).
- Specific examples include boric acid, silicic acid, and ethyl silicic acid. Among these, boric acid and ethyl silicic acid are particularly preferably used. Boron and silicon are also usually supported as oxides on the support.
- the preferred supported amount of these active ingredients is 2.5 to 25% by mass, preferably 5 to 15% by mass, based on the weight of the support, of metal oxide (B) in terms of oxide.
- the metal oxide or metal sulfate (C) is 1 to 10% by mass, preferably 2 to 5% by mass
- the nonmetal oxide (D) is 0.5 to 5% by mass, preferably 1 to 2.5% by mass
- the total of B, C, and D is 30% or less.
- the supported amount of the Group VIb metal component in the catalyst is less than 2.5% by mass, sufficient catalytic activity cannot be obtained. On the other hand, even when the supported amount exceeds 25% by mass, the dispersibility of the active metal is not improved. The catalyst activity is saturated and the catalyst activity is saturated, so the economy of catalyst production is poor.
- the loading amount of the metal element oxide or sulfide (C) is less than 1% by mass, the effect as a co-catalyst cannot be sufficiently obtained, and therefore the oil and fat can be efficiently converted into an ester. I can't. However, even if the amount exceeds 10% by mass, the esterification activity is saturated and the catalytic activity may be lowered, which is economically disadvantageous.
- the oxide (D) of the nonmetallic element increases the dispersibility of the metal element oxide (B) and the metal element oxide or sulfate (C) on the support, increases the active sites, Useful to prevent oxides from being reduced and eluted from the catalyst.
- the amount of the nonmetallic element oxide (D) supported is less than 0.5% by mass, the above effect cannot be obtained effectively. However, even if it exceeds 5% by mass, the above effect is saturated, which is uneconomical.
- the total of B, C, and D is 30% or less, and preferably 25% or less.
- the total of B, C, and D exceeds 30%, the dispersibility of the active metal is deteriorated, and the catalytic activity is saturated.
- the inorganic porous support (A) is first impregnated with the nonmetallic oxide (D), and then the metal oxide (B) and the metal oxide (C) are impregnated. Impregnating the inorganic porous support (A) with the metal oxide (B) and the metal oxide (C) and simultaneously impregnating with the non-metal oxide (D); Any method of impregnating the inorganic porous carrier (A) with the product (C) and then impregnating the non-metal oxide (D) can be used. In particular, the method of impregnating the inorganic porous carrier (A) with the metal oxide (B) and the metal oxide (C) and simultaneously impregnating the non-metal oxide (D) has a remarkable effect.
- the preparation method is not particularly limited, and the catalyst according to the present invention can be prepared by any conventionally known method. It can be easily prepared by an impregnation method.
- the compound of at least one selected metal element is dissolved in water to form an aqueous solution, which is impregnated into a carrier, and then preferably heated and dried at 120 ° C. for 2 to 24 hours, and then at 400 to 750 ° C. By calcination for about 2 to 24 hours, the catalyst according to the present invention can be obtained.
- properties of the solid acid catalyst according to the present invention are not particularly limited, but fatty acid or / and animal and vegetable fats and oils are efficiently converted to fatty acid alkyls.
- the specific surface area is 100 m 2 / g or more
- the pore volume is in the range of 0.3 to 1.2 cc / g
- the average pore diameter is in the range of 60 to 120 mm. preferable.
- the acidity of the solid acid catalyst according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but in order to increase the conversion efficiency of fatty acid or / and animal and vegetable fats and oils to fatty acid alkyl esters and suppress other side reactions, the acidity is adjusted.
- the Hammett function H0 represented is preferably ⁇ 1.5 to ⁇ 11, and more preferably ⁇ 4 to ⁇ 10.
- the transesterification reaction of triglyceride and alcohol (Chemical Formula 1) and the esterification reaction of fatty acid and alcohol (Chemical Formula 2) can proceed smoothly, with few side reactions, and from fatty acid or / and triglyceride and alcohol. This is because the efficiency of producing the fatty acid alkyl ester is high.
- the shape of the catalyst is not particularly limited, and usually powder, extrusion molding, tableting molding, or the like can be used.
- the shape of extrusion molding generally includes a cylinder, a three-leaf, a four-leaf, a ring, and the like, and is not particularly limited in the present invention, but is preferably a cylinder, a three-leaf, or a four-leaf. If it is a cylinder, a three-leaf, or a four-leaf, the catalyst can be packed more densely than other shapes such as a ring, and pressure loss can be suppressed as compared to spheres and granules.
- the size is preferably 1/10 to 1/22 inch in diameter and 3.2 to 3.6 inch in length.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a method for producing a fatty acid alkyl ester of the present invention and a method for producing a fatty acid alkyl ester in the production apparatus.
- the method for producing a fatty acid alkyl ester of the present invention comprises contacting a fatty acid or / and triglyceride and an alcohol with a solid acid catalyst at a temperature of 100 to 250 ° C. and a pressure of 0.1 to 6.0 MPa.
- the alcohol, water and glycerin are separated and removed from the fatty acid alkyl ester reaction liquid A to obtain a water concentration of 0.1. % Of the crude fatty acid alkyl ester A and the solid fatty acid alkyl ester A and the alcohol at a temperature of 60 to 210 ° C.
- the fatty acid or / and triglyceride and the alcohol are heated at a temperature of 100 to 250 ° C., more preferably 120 to 230 ° C., particularly preferably 140 to 210 ° C., and a pressure of 0.1 to 6.0 MPa, preferably 0.5.
- the reaction is carried out in contact with the solid acid catalyst at -5 MPa, particularly preferably at 1.0-4.5 MPa.
- the esterification and transesterification proceed even at 100 ° C. or lower, the reaction rate is slow and the production efficiency deteriorates.
- the reaction temperature is 250 ° C. or higher, side reactions other than esterification and transesterification reaction become violent, and the yield of fatty acid alkyl ester may be lowered.
- WHSV weight hourly space velocity
- esterification reaction when 1 mole of alcohol is reacted with 1 mole of fatty acid, a corresponding mole of fatty acid alkyl ester is produced.
- transesterification reaction when 3 mol of alcohol is reacted with 1 mol of triglyceride, 1 mol of the corresponding fatty acid alkyl ester is produced.
- both the esterification reaction and the transesterification reaction are equilibrium reactions, and the reverse reaction becomes more intense as the concentration of the reaction product increases. In order to suppress the reverse reaction and allow the forward reaction to proceed as much as possible, it is effective to make the amount of alcohol as a reactant excessive.
- the molar ratio of alcohol to fatty acid or / and triglyceride is 1.2 to 40, more preferably 1.5 to 30, particularly preferably in terms of the molar ratio of alcohol to fatty acid. Is 3-15.
- the molar ratio of the alcohol to the crude fatty acid alkyl ester is 1.1 to 30, more preferably 1.5 to 25, and particularly preferably 2 to 20 in terms of the molar ratio of alcohol to fatty acid. is there.
- fatty acid alkyl ester can be efficiently produced from fatty acid or / and triglyceride.
- the molar ratio is less than 1.1, esterification or transesterification reaction becomes insufficient.
- the reaction apparatus becomes enormous and the process energy consumption increases, which is uneconomical. .
- 0 to 3% of water may be added and reacted with the raw material fat.
- the presence of water in the reaction raw material is preferable because the reaction rate can be further increased. If the amount of water added to the raw oil and fat exceeds 3%, the reaction rate is lowered, which is not preferable.
- the first separation step is a step of obtaining the crude fatty acid alkyl ester A by separating and removing the alcohol, glycerin and water from the fatty acid alkyl ester reaction liquid A obtained in the first reaction step.
- the fatty acid alkyl ester reaction liquid A contains glycerin, water, and excessively added alcohol in addition to the fatty acid alkyl ester fraction containing fatty acid alkyl ester as a main component.
- Examples of the method for separating and removing the alcohol and water from the fatty acid alkyl ester reaction liquid A include simple distillation and rectification using a difference in boiling point between the fatty acid alkyl ester fraction and the alcohol and water.
- Simple distillation and rectification may be performed under normal pressure or under reduced pressure. In the case of atmospheric distillation, it may be performed at a temperature higher than the boiling point of either alcohol or water.
- the distillation temperature may be set appropriately according to the degree of vacuum in the distillation apparatus. The higher the degree of vacuum in the distillation apparatus, the lower the distillation temperature.
- concentration of the water contained in a crude fatty acid alkylester will be 0.1% or less.
- the alcohol distilled by the distillation step becomes a crude alcohol containing water. If this crude alcohol is rectified using a normal rectification method, the purity can be increased to 99.8% or more. Can be reused as a raw material of the present invention.
- Second reaction step (S30) the crude fatty acid alkyl ester A from which the alcohol, water and glycerin have been separated and removed in the second reaction step is contacted with a solid acid catalyst at a temperature of 60 to 210 ° C. and a pressure of 0.1 to 6.0 MPa. It is preferable to make it.
- Animal and vegetable oils and fats used as raw materials usually contain free fatty acids.
- the free fatty acid reacts with alcohol to produce water as a by-product. If water is present in the reaction system, the produced fatty acid alkyl ester may be hydrolyzed back to free fatty acid. The higher the water concentration in the reaction system, the more severe the hydrolysis reaction of the fatty acid alkyl ester.
- the concentration of the free fatty acid contained in the fatty acid alkyl ester exceeds a certain level, the quality standard defined as a chemical product, biodiesel fuel or the like may not be passed.
- the free fatty acid remaining in the fatty acid alkyl ester can be converted into the fatty acid alkyl ester when it comes into contact with the solid acid catalyst together with the alcohol.
- the monoglyceride, diglyceride and triglyceride remaining in the fatty acid alkyl ester can also be converted to the fatty acid alkyl ester by transesterification under the conditions of the second reaction step.
- the esterification rate can be improved, and the yield of the fatty acid alkyl ester as the final product can be improved. Both purity can be increased.
- the crude fatty acid alkyl esterification reaction liquid B obtained by the second reaction step contains the alcohol, glycerin and water together with the fatty acid alkyl ester. Therefore, in the second separation step, the alcohol, glycerin and water are separated and removed from the reaction solution, and a crude fatty acid alkyl ester B having a lower acid value and a higher purity can be produced.
- Separation and removal of the alcohol, glycerin and water from the crude fatty acid alkyl esterification reaction liquid B can be performed by the same method as in the first separation step.
- the alcohol from the separation step becomes a crude alcohol containing water. If the crude alcohol is rectified using a normal rectification method, the purity can be increased to 99.8% or more, and the present invention. Can be reused as raw material.
- the control index of the glycerin separation operation is that the concentration of free glycerin contained in the crude fatty acid alkyl ester B is 0.02% or less.
- the crude fatty acid alkyl ester B may be used as it is as a chemical product, biodiesel fuel, or the like, but purification by vacuum distillation is effective when higher purity is required.
- the crude fatty acid alkyl ester obtained in the second separation step contains impurities such as oxidative decomposition products, thermal polycondensation products, and colored products of fats and oils. There is. These impurities remain in the fatty acid alkyl ester phase without being converted to the fatty acid alkyl ester in the method for producing a fatty acid alkyl ester of the present invention.
- the impurities are cut as a light component having a boiling point of 100 ° C. or less and a heavy component having a boiling point of 360 ° C. or more and removed from the crude fatty acid alkyl ester B. Become.
- the distillation under reduced pressure of the crude fatty acid alkyl ester B is performed at a vacuum of 15 torr or less, more preferably 5 torr or less, and conditions such as distillation temperature are set so as to distill the fatty acid alkyl ester having a boiling point of 100 ° C. or more and 360 ° C. or less.
- Example 1 ⁇ Production of Catalyst A> For 100 parts by weight of boehmite (manufactured by Daimei Chemical Co., Ltd.), 5 parts by weight of 40% nitric acid and 100 parts by weight of distilled water are kneaded, extruded, fired at 500 ° C. for 6 hours, and columnar with a diameter of 1.2 mm A ⁇ -alumina support (pore volume 0.53 ml / g, specific surface area 185 m 2 / g, average pore diameter 75 mm) was obtained as a molded product.
- the above mixed aqueous solution of ammonium metatungstate, iron (III) sulfate and boric acid was impregnated in 100 g of the ⁇ -alumina carrier in a glass beaker. Then, it dried at 120 degreeC and baked at 500 degreeC for 6 hours in the muffle furnace, and prepared the catalyst A.
- Example 2 ⁇ Production of Catalyst B> Example 1 was used except that 15.24 g of cobalt (II) sulfate heptahydrate (CoSO 4 .7H 2 O) was used instead of 11.26 g of iron (III) sulfate (Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ). Catalyst B was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 3 Provide of Catalyst C> Example 1 was used except that 15.84 g of nickel (II) sulfate hexahydrate (NiSO 4 .6H 2 O) was used instead of 11.26 g of iron (III) sulfate (Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ). Catalyst C was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 4 ⁇ Production of Catalyst D> Example 1 except that 15.90 g of copper (II) sulfate heptahydrate (CuSO 4 .7H 2 O) was used instead of 11.26 g of iron (III) sulfate (Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ) Catalyst D was prepared in the same manner.
- Example 5 Provide of Catalyst E> Catalyst E was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 8.92 g of zinc sulfate (Zn (SO 4 ) 2 ) was used instead of 11.26 g of iron (III) sulfate (Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ). It was adjusted.
- Example 6 ⁇ Production of Catalyst F> In a glass beaker, 12.26 g of hexaammonium molybdate tetrahydrate ((NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 ⁇ 4H 2 O), 8.92 g of zinc sulfate (ZnSO 4 ) and boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ) 2.66 g was dissolved in 110 g of water to prepare a mixed aqueous solution of hexaammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, zinc sulfate and boric acid.
- hexaammonium molybdate tetrahydrate (NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 ⁇ 4H 2 O)
- ZnSO 4 zinc sulfate
- boric acid H 3 BO 3
- a mixed aqueous solution of hexaammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, zinc sulfate and boric acid was impregnated in 100 g of a ⁇ -alumina carrier prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 in a glass beaker. Then, it dried at 120 degreeC and baked at 500 degreeC for 6 hours in the muffle furnace, and prepared the catalyst F.
- Example 7 ⁇ Production of Catalyst G> In a glass beaker, ethyl silicate (Si (OC 2 H 5 ) 4 ) 5.20 was dissolved in 120 g of ethanol to prepare an ethanol solution of ethyl silicate.
- the above mixed aqueous solution of hexaammonium molybdate tetrahydrate and cobalt (II) sulfate heptahydrate was impregnated in ⁇ -alumina supporting the above ethyl silicate in a glass beaker. Then, it dried at 120 degreeC and baked at 500 degreeC for 6 hours in the muffle furnace, and prepared the catalyst G.
- Example 8 Provide of Catalyst H> The catalyst was prepared in the same manner as in Example 7 except that 7.78 g of tin (IV) chloride (SnCl 4 ) was used instead of 15.24 g of cobalt (II) sulfate heptahydrate (CoSO 4 .7H 2 O). H was adjusted.
- tin (IV) chloride SnCl 4
- cobalt (II) sulfate heptahydrate CoSO 4 .7H 2 O
- Example 9 ⁇ Production of Catalyst I> A mixture of boehmite (manufactured by Daimei Chemical Co., Ltd.) and silicic acid n-hydrate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) Part by weight and 100 parts by weight of distilled water were kneaded, extruded, fired at 500 ° C. for 6 hours, and columnar shaped silica-alumina carrier having a diameter of 1.2 mm (pore volume 0.65 m 2 / g, specific surface area 225 m 2 / G, average pore diameter 105 mm).
- silica-alumina carrier 100 g was impregnated with the above mixed aqueous solution of hexaammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, gallium sulfate (III) n hydrate and boric acid in a glass beaker. Then, it dried at 120 degreeC and baked at 500 degreeC in the muffle furnace for 6 hours, and prepared the catalyst I.
- Comparative Example 1 ⁇ Production of Comparative Catalyst A>
- ammonium metatungstate (NH 4 ) 6 H 2 W 12 O 40 ⁇ nH 2 O) 10.63 g and zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn (NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O) 12.26 g was dissolved in 110 g of water to prepare a mixed aqueous solution of ammonium metatungstate and zinc nitrate hexahydrate.
- the above mixed aqueous solution of ammonium metatungstate and zinc nitrate hexahydrate was impregnated in 100 g of ⁇ -alumina carrier prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 in a glass beaker. Then, it dried at 120 degreeC and baked at 500 degreeC for 6 hours in the muffle furnace, and prepared the comparison catalyst A.
- Comparative Example 2 ⁇ Production of Comparative Catalyst B>
- a glass beaker 10.63 g of ammonium metatungstate ((NH 4 ) 6 H 2 W 12 O 40 ⁇ nH 2 O) was dissolved in 110 g of distilled water to prepare an aqueous solution of ammonium metatungstate.
- Comparative Example 3 Ammonium metatungstate in place of ((NH 4) 6 H 2 W 12 O 40 ⁇ nH 2 O) 10.63g, molybdate six ammonium tetrahydrate ((NH 4) 6 Mo 7 O 24 ⁇ 4H 2 O) Comparative catalyst C was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2, except that 12.26 g was used.
- Example 19 Production of fatty acid methyl ester from waste edible oil raw material As fats and oils, waste edible oil (free fatty acid 2%, moisture 0.9%) recovered from general households was used.
- Alcohol was methanol (purity 99.8%).
- the catalyst A prepared in Example 1 was used as the solid acid catalyst.
- Alcohol was methanol (purity 99.8%).
- the catalyst A prepared in Example 1 was used as the solid acid catalyst.
- Example 21 Production of fatty acid methyl ester from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) Palm fat fatty acid distillate (PFAD) (free fatty acid 80%, moisture 0.2%) was used as the fat. Methanol (purity 99.8%) was used as the alcohol. As the solid acid catalyst, the catalyst A prepared in Example 1 was used.
- Example 19 For the production of fatty acid methyl ester from PFAD, the same apparatus as in Example 19 was used. 1 reactor and no. The reaction was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 19 except that the temperature of the two reactors was 200 ° C. and 160 ° C., respectively. 10 hours after the start of the reaction, no. 1 Coarse FAME transfer pump (H) outlet, No. 1 2 Samples of crude fatty acid methyl ester A, crude fatty acid methyl ester B and purified fatty acid methyl ester were collected from the outlet of the crude FAME transfer pump (M) and the outlet of the purified FAME transfer pump (T) and analyzed. Table 3 shows the conversion rate of triglyceride (TG) and the residual rate of free fatty acid (FFA) determined by analyzing crude fatty acid methyl ester A and crude fatty acid methyl ester B. Table 4 shows.
- the solid acid catalyst of the present invention produces a high-purity fatty acid alkyl ester that can be used as an oleochemical raw material or light oil alternative fuel at low cost and high efficiency from various fat raw materials including waste fats and oils that have been disposed of in large quantities. Used for Further, in the chemical industry, it can be used as a catalyst for a reaction that requires an acid catalyst such as an alkylation reaction, an acylation reaction, an esterification reaction, or an isomerization reaction. Conventionally, acid catalysts such as sulfuric acid, aluminum chloride, hydrogen fluoride, phosphoric acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid are used in these reactions. However, these acid catalysts have the property of corroding metals and are expensive.
- a Raw material oil supply pump B 1st alcohol supply pump C 2nd alcohol supply pump D No.1 heater E No.1 reactor F 1st gas-liquid separator G 1st methanol evaporator H No.1 crude FAME transfer pump I No.2 heater J No.2 reactor K 2nd gas-liquid separator L 2nd methanol evaporator M No.2 crude FAME transfer pump N FAME heater O FAME evaporator P FAME circulation pump Q Condenser R Vacuum pump S Purified FAME tank T Purified FAME transfer pump 10-30 Piping
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Abstract
Description
本発明では、脂肪酸または/及びトリグリセリドとアルコールとを、温度100~250℃、より好ましくは120~230℃、特に好ましくは140~210℃、圧力0.1~6.0MPa、好ましくは0.5~5MPa、特に好ましくは1.0~4.5MPaで固体酸触媒と接触して反応させる。100℃以下でもエステル化とエステル交換反応は進行するが、反応速度が遅く、生産効率が悪くなる。一方、反応温度が250℃以上になると、エステル化とエステル交換反応以外の副反応が激しくなり、脂肪酸アルキルエステルの収率が逆に低くなる場合がある。
第一分離工程は、第一反応工程で得た脂肪酸アルキルエステル反応液Aから前記アルコール、グリセリン及び水を分離除去して粗脂肪酸アルキルエステルAを得る工程である。上記脂肪酸アルキルエステル反応液Aには、脂肪酸アルキルエステルを主成分とする脂肪酸アルキルエステル留分のほかに、グリセリン、水および過剰に添加したアルコールが含まれる。
本発明では、第二反応工程で前記アルコール、水およびグリセリンが分離除去された粗脂肪酸アルキルエステルAを、温度60~210℃、圧力0.1~6.0MPaで固体酸触媒と接触して反応させることが好ましい。原料として使用した動植物油脂には通常遊離脂肪酸が含まれている。その遊離脂肪酸がアルコールと反応して水を副生する。反応系内に水が存在すると、生成した脂肪酸アルキルエステルが加水分解され、遊離脂肪酸に戻される場合がある。反応系内の水濃度が高いほど、脂肪酸アルキルエステルの加水分解反応が激しくなる。脂肪酸アルキルエステルに含まれる遊離脂肪酸の濃度が一定レベルを超えると、化成品、バイオディーゼル燃料などとして定められている品質基準に合格しない場合がある。上記脂肪酸アルキルエステルに残留している遊離脂肪酸は、アルコールとともに固体酸触媒と接触すると脂肪酸アルキルエステルに変換することができる。当然のことではあるが、上記脂肪酸アルキルエステルに残留しているモノグリセリド、ジグリセリド及びトリグリセリドも第二反応工程の条件下でエステル交換反応によって脂肪酸アルキルエステルに変換しうる。このように、上記脂肪酸アルキルエステルに残留される少量の遊離脂肪酸とグリセリドをさらに脂肪酸アルキルエステルに変換することによって、エステル化率を向上させることができ、最終製品となる脂肪酸アルキルエステルの収率と純度ともに高められる。
一方、第二反応工程によって得られた粗脂肪酸アルキルエステル化反応液Bには、脂肪酸アルキルエステルと共に、前記アルコール、グリセリン及び水が含まれる。そこで、第二分離工程では、上記反応液から前記アルコール、グリセリン及び水を分離除去し、より酸価が低く純度が高い粗脂肪酸アルキルエステルBを製造することができる。
エステル蒸留工程は、第二分離工程で得た粗脂肪酸アルキルエステルBを、減圧下で蒸留し、沸点100℃以下および360℃以上の留分をカットして、より純度の高い精製脂肪酸アルキルエステルを得る工程である。
ベーマイト(大明化学工業株式会社製)100重量部に対して、40%硝酸5重量部と蒸留水100重量部を混練し、押出成形後、500℃で6時間焼成して直径1.2mmの柱状成形物のγ-アルミナ担体(細孔容積0.53ml/g、比表面積185m2/g、平均細孔直径75Å)を得た。
硫酸鉄(III)(Fe2(SO4)3)11.26gに代えて、硫酸コバルト(II)七水和物(CoSO4・7H2O)15.24gを用いた以外には、実施例1と同様の方法で触媒Bを調整した。
硫酸鉄(III)(Fe2(SO4)3)11.26gに代えて、硫酸ニッケル(II)六水和物(NiSO4・6H2O)15.84gを用いた以外には、実施例1と同様の方法で触媒Cを調整した。
硫酸鉄(III)(Fe2(SO4)3)11.26gに代えて、硫酸銅(II)七水和物(CuSO4・7H2O)15.90gを用いた以外には、実施例1と同様の方法で触媒Dを調整した。
硫酸鉄(III)(Fe2(SO4)3)11.26gに代えて、硫酸亜鉛(Zn(SO4)2)8.92gを用いた以外には、実施例1と同様の方法で触媒Eを調整した。
ガラス製ビーカー中で、モリブデン酸六アンモニウム四水和物((NH4)6Mo7O24・4H2O)12.26gと硫酸亜鉛(ZnSO4)8.92gおよびホウ酸(H3BO3)2.66gを水110gに溶解させ、モリブデン酸六アンモニウム四水和物、硫酸亜鉛およびホウ酸の混合水溶液を調製した。
ガラス製ビーカー中で、けい酸エチル(Si(OC2H5)4)5.20を120gのエタノールに溶解させ、けい酸エチルのエタノール溶液を調製した。
硫酸コバルト(II)七水和物(CoSO4・7H2O)15.24gに代えて、塩化スズ(IV)(SnCl4)7.78gを用いた以外には、実施例7と同様の方法で触媒Hを調整した。
ベーマイト(大明化学工業株式会社製)と珪酸n水和物(和光純薬工業株式会社製)の混合物(ベーマイト:珪酸n水和物=1:1)100重量部に対して、40%硝酸5重量部と蒸留水100重量部を混練し、押出成形後、500℃で6時間焼成して直径1.2mmの柱状成形物のシリカ-アルミナ担体(細孔容積0.65m2/g、比表面積225m2/g、平均細孔直径105Å)を得た。
ガラス製ビーカー中で、メタタングステン酸アンモニウム((NH4)6H2W12O40・nH2O)10.63gと硝酸亜鉛六水和物(Zn(NO3)2・6H2O)12.26gを水110gに溶解させ、メタタングステン酸アンモニウムと硝酸亜鉛六水和物の混合水溶液を調製した。
ガラス製ビーカー中で、メタタングステン酸アンモニウム((NH4)6H2W12O40・nH2O)10.63gを110gの蒸留水に溶解させ、メタタングステン酸アンモニウムの水溶液を調製した。
メタタングステン酸アンモニウム((NH4)6H2W12O40・nH2O)10.63gに代えて、モリブデン酸六アンモニウム四水和物((NH4)6Mo7O24・4H2O)12.26gを用いた以外は、比較例2と同様の方法で比較触媒Cを調整した。
耐圧硝子工業製ポータブルリアクターTPR-2型の反応容器に、パーム油とパーム脂肪酸蒸留物(PFAD)の混合油(酸価120mg KOH/g、水分0.06%)50g、メタノール4.16gと実施例1~実施9及び比較例1~3で調製した触媒のパウダー3.0gを加えて蓋をして密封した。これを150℃で圧力0.8MPaで1.5時間攪拌して脂肪酸メチルエステル化物反応液を得た。反応液を静置してメタノール層とエステル層に分層させた。メタノール層の比色分析によって触媒からの金属溶出有無を観察し、エステル層のGC分析と酸価測定によってそれぞれTG転化率とFFA残留率を求めた。その結果を表1に示す。
油脂は、一般家庭から回収された廃食用油(遊離脂肪酸2%、水分0.9%)を用いた。
油脂は、粗パーム油(遊離脂肪酸4.2%、水分0.2%)を用いた。
油脂は、パーム脂肪酸蒸留物(PFAD)(遊離脂肪酸80%、水分0.2%)を用いた。アルコールは、メタノール(純度99.8%)を用いた。固体酸触媒は、実施例1で調整した触媒Aを用いた。
B 第1アルコール供給ポンプ
C 第2アルコール供給ポンプ
D No.1加熱器
E No.1反応器
F 第1気液分離器
G 第1メタノール蒸発缶
H No.1粗FAME移送ポンプ
I No.2加熱器
J No.2反応器
K 第2気液分離器
L 第2メタノール蒸発缶
M No.2粗FAME移送ポンプ
N FAME加熱器
O FAME蒸発缶
P FAME循環ポンプ
Q コンデンサー
R 真空ポンプ
S 精製FAMEタンク
T 精製FAME移送ポンプ
10~30 配管
Claims (10)
- シリカ、アルミナ、チタニア、マグネシア及びジルコニアからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の無機多孔質担体(A)に、周期律表第VIb族から選ばれる少なくとも一種の金属元素の酸化物(B)とマンガン(Mn)、鉄(Fe)、コバルト(Co)、ニッケル(Ni)、銅(Cu)、亜鉛(Zn)、ガリウム(Ga)、スズ(Sn)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の金属元素の酸化物または硫酸化物(C)及びホウ素(B)と珪素(Si)から選ばれる少なくとも一種の非金属元素の酸化物(D)を担持させて得られる脂肪酸アルキルエステル製造用の固体酸触媒。
- 無機多孔質担体(A)に対して、金属酸化物(B)、金属酸化物または硫酸化物(C)及び非金属酸化物(D)の担持量は金属の最高価酸化物換算でそれぞれ2.5~25%、1~10%及び0.5~5%であり、かつB、C、Dの合計が30%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の脂肪酸アルキルエステル製造用の固体酸触媒。
- 請求項1または請求項2に記載の固体酸触媒の製造方法において、(a)無機多孔質担体(A)に、金属酸化物(B)と金属酸化物または硫酸化物(C)の前駆体を含浸させる工程; (b)工程(a)の前か、その間かまたはその後で該担体に、非金属酸化物(D)の前駆体を含浸させる工程からなること特徴とする脂肪酸アルキルエステル製造用固体酸触媒の製造方法。
- 請求項1または請求項2に記載の固体酸触媒の製造方法において、無機多孔質担体(A)に金属酸化物(B)と金属酸化物または硫酸化物(C)の水溶性前駆体を含浸させ、金属酸化物または金属硫酸化物の前駆体が熱分解される温度以下で乾燥した後に、金属酸化物(D)の前駆体を含浸させて、乾燥した後、酸素雰囲気中400~750℃で焼成することを特徴とする脂肪酸アルキルエステル製造用固体酸触媒の製造方法。
- 脂肪酸または/及びトリグリセリドとアルコールとを請求項目1ないし4記載の固体酸触媒の存在下で反応させて、脂肪酸アルキルエステルを製造する方法であって、脂肪酸または/及びトリグリセリドとアルコールとを、温度100~250℃、圧力0.1~6.0MPaで固体酸触媒と接触して脂肪酸アルキルエステル反応液Aを得る第一反応工程と、
前記第一反応工程に次いで、前記脂肪酸アルキルエステル反応液Aから前記アルコール、水およびグリセリンを除去して水分濃度が0.1%以下となる粗脂肪酸アルキルエステルAを得る第一分離工程と、
前記粗脂肪酸アルキルエステルAと前記アルコールを、温度60~210℃、圧力0.1~6.0MPaで固体酸触媒と接触して反応させる第二反応工程と、
更に、第二反応工程で得られる脂肪酸アルキルエステルBから前記アルコール、水およびグリセリンを除去して遊離グリセリン濃度が0.02%以下となる脂肪酸アルキルエステルBを得る第二分離工程とを含むことを特徴とする脂肪酸アルキルエステルの製造方法。 - 第二分離工程で得られる粗脂肪酸アルキルエステルBを、減圧下で蒸留し、沸点が100℃以下および360℃以上の留分をカットして、精製脂肪酸アルキルエステルを得るエステル蒸留工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項5記載の脂肪酸アルキルエステルの製造方法。
- 固体酸触媒が、請求項1と請求項2のいずれかに記載の固体酸触媒であることを特徴とする、請求項5と請求項6のいずれかに記載の脂肪酸アルキルエステルの製造方法。
- 前記第一反応工程において、脂肪酸または/及びトリグリセリドに対するアルコールのモル比は、アルコール対脂肪酸のモル比換算で1.2~40であり、前記第二工程において、粗脂肪酸アルキルエステルに対するアルコールのモル比は、アルコール対脂肪酸のモル比換算で1.1~30であることを特徴とする請求項5~請求項7のいずれかに記載の脂肪酸アルキルエステルの製造方法。
- 前記第一分離工程と前記第二分離工程において、脂肪酸アルキルエステル反応液Aまたは脂肪酸アルキルエステル反応液Bを常圧または減圧下で前記アルコールと水のいずれかの沸点より高い温度に加熱し、前記アルコールと水を蒸発させてから、グリセリンを分離することを特徴とする請求項5~請求項8のいずれかに記載の脂肪酸アルキルエステルの製造方法。
- 前記第一反応工程において、原料である脂肪酸または/及びトリグリセリドに対して0~3%の水を添加して反応させることを特徴とする請求項5~請求項9のいずれかに記載の脂肪酸アルキルエステルの製造方法。
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CN104098467A (zh) * | 2014-07-09 | 2014-10-15 | 常州大学 | 一种合成丁氧基三乙二醇丙烯酸酯的方法 |
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JP5832678B1 (ja) * | 2015-02-25 | 2015-12-16 | 日本ケッチェン株式会社 | 脂肪酸アルキルエステル製造触媒、その製造方法及び当該触媒を用いた脂肪酸アルキルエステルの製造方法 |
JP2016155085A (ja) * | 2015-02-25 | 2016-09-01 | 日本ケッチェン株式会社 | 脂肪酸アルキルエステル製造触媒、その製造方法及び当該触媒を用いた脂肪酸アルキルエステルの製造方法 |
WO2016136692A1 (ja) * | 2015-02-25 | 2016-09-01 | 日本ケッチェン株式会社 | 脂肪酸アルキルエステル製造触媒、その製造方法及び当該触媒を用いた脂肪酸アルキルエステルの製造方法 |
WO2020022143A1 (ja) * | 2018-07-23 | 2020-01-30 | 富士通商株式会社 | バイオ燃料の製造方法 |
JP2020015778A (ja) * | 2018-07-23 | 2020-01-30 | 国立大学法人東京農工大学 | バイオ燃料の製造方法 |
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WO2021106619A1 (ja) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-06-03 | 富士通商株式会社 | 流通式反応装置を用いたバイオ燃料の製造方法 |
JP2021091875A (ja) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-06-17 | 国立大学法人東京農工大学 | 流通式反応装置を用いたバイオ燃料の製造方法 |
JP7045775B2 (ja) | 2019-11-29 | 2022-04-01 | 国立大学法人東京農工大学 | 流通式反応装置を用いたバイオ燃料の製造方法 |
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BR112014022814A2 (pt) | 2018-05-22 |
CA2867273A1 (en) | 2013-09-19 |
CA2867273C (en) | 2021-03-16 |
US20150018572A1 (en) | 2015-01-15 |
JPWO2013137286A1 (ja) | 2015-08-03 |
BR112014022814B1 (pt) | 2020-10-27 |
CN104507569A (zh) | 2015-04-08 |
EP2826561B1 (en) | 2021-06-16 |
EP2826561A4 (en) | 2016-01-06 |
CN104507569B (zh) | 2017-06-13 |
EP2826561A1 (en) | 2015-01-21 |
MY170828A (en) | 2019-09-04 |
TW201347845A (zh) | 2013-12-01 |
JP6226861B2 (ja) | 2017-11-08 |
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