WO2013125157A1 - シリコン融液面の高さ位置の算出方法およびシリコン単結晶の引上げ方法ならびにシリコン単結晶引上げ装置 - Google Patents
シリコン融液面の高さ位置の算出方法およびシリコン単結晶の引上げ方法ならびにシリコン単結晶引上げ装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013125157A1 WO2013125157A1 PCT/JP2013/000276 JP2013000276W WO2013125157A1 WO 2013125157 A1 WO2013125157 A1 WO 2013125157A1 JP 2013000276 W JP2013000276 W JP 2013000276W WO 2013125157 A1 WO2013125157 A1 WO 2013125157A1
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- height position
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B15/00—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method
- C30B15/20—Controlling or regulating
- C30B15/22—Stabilisation or shape controlling of the molten zone near the pulled crystal; Controlling the section of the crystal
- C30B15/26—Stabilisation or shape controlling of the molten zone near the pulled crystal; Controlling the section of the crystal using television detectors; using photo or X-ray detectors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B15/00—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method
- C30B15/20—Controlling or regulating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/02—Elements
- C30B29/06—Silicon
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
- G01B11/0608—Height gauges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/08—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness for measuring thickness
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T117/00—Single-crystal, oriented-crystal, and epitaxy growth processes; non-coating apparatus therefor
- Y10T117/10—Apparatus
- Y10T117/1004—Apparatus with means for measuring, testing, or sensing
- Y10T117/1008—Apparatus with means for measuring, testing, or sensing with responsive control means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T117/00—Single-crystal, oriented-crystal, and epitaxy growth processes; non-coating apparatus therefor
- Y10T117/10—Apparatus
- Y10T117/1004—Apparatus with means for measuring, testing, or sensing
- Y10T117/1012—Apparatus with means for measuring, testing, or sensing with a window or port for visual observation or examination
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for calculating the height position of a silicon melt surface when pulling a silicon single crystal from a silicon melt by the Czochralski method (CZ method), a method for pulling a silicon single crystal, and a silicon single crystal pulling apparatus. .
- CZ method Czochralski method
- the lifting device 101 includes a chamber 102, a crucible 103, a crucible adjusting means 105 for rotating and raising / lowering the crucible 103, and a heater 106.
- the crucible 103 contains a silicon melt 108 melted by the heater 106, and the seed crystal 112 held at the lower end of the wire 111 suspended from above the chamber 102 is immersed in the silicon melt 108.
- the silicon single crystal 113 is grown.
- an inert gas is caused to flow in the chamber 102, and a rectifying cylinder 110 is also provided for this purpose.
- the tip of a prismatic column for single crystal production is detected by a laser sensor, stopped at a predetermined position, lowered from that point, and measured for the distance to contact the silicon melt surface to accurately measure the silicon melt.
- the position of the liquid level was calculated (Patent Document 1).
- the height position of the silicon melt surface is measured only before the crystal is produced, and during the crystal production, the height position of the measured silicon melt surface is used as a reference. Since the silicon melt surface was controlled to be constant, due to errors such as the deformation of the quartz crucible and the diameter of the grown single crystal, the silicon melt surface was not actually constant, and the quality of the crystal could vary. It was a factor.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a method capable of more accurately calculating the height position of the silicon melt surface when pulling up a silicon single crystal. Objective. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method and a silicon single crystal pulling apparatus capable of pulling a silicon single crystal while more accurately controlling the height position of the silicon melt surface.
- the present invention is a method for calculating the height position of a silicon melt surface when pulling up a silicon single crystal from a silicon melt contained in a crucible by the Czochralski method.
- the first crystal diameter measured from the fusion ring at the boundary between the silicon melt and the silicon single crystal using a CCD camera installed at an arbitrary angle with respect to the silicon single crystal, and the crystal of the silicon single crystal
- the second crystal diameter measured using two CCD cameras installed in parallel toward both ends of the diameter was obtained, and the silicon single crystal was being pulled from the difference between the first crystal diameter and the second crystal diameter.
- the height position of the silicon melt surface in the crucible is calculated, and a method for calculating the height position of the silicon melt surface is provided.
- the method for calculating the height position of the silicon melt surface of the present invention Since the height position of the silicon melt surface is calculated from the data (first diameter and second diameter) regarding the silicon single crystal being pulled, the silicon melt surface being pulled is more accurately measured. It is possible to grasp the height position. Measurement of the diameter itself using a CCD camera is simple, and the height position of the silicon melt surface can be obtained by using a combination of different measurement methods using the CCD camera.
- the silicon melt surface can be more accurately controlled to the desired height position, thereby causing a temperature gradient near the solid-liquid interface. Further, the control of the defect region in the silicon single crystal and the like can be performed with higher accuracy.
- the present invention calculates the height position of the silicon melt surface using the above-described method for calculating the height position of the silicon melt surface, and controls the height position of the silicon melt surface based on the calculation result.
- a method for pulling a silicon single crystal characterized by pulling the silicon single crystal.
- the height position of the silicon melt surface during pulling of the silicon single crystal can be grasped more accurately, and the silicon melt can be determined based on the accurate data. Since the height position of the surface can be controlled to a desired height position, it is possible to control the defect region in the silicon single crystal with higher accuracy. Therefore, a silicon single crystal having a desired quality can be produced stably.
- the present invention is also a silicon single crystal pulling apparatus for pulling a silicon single crystal from a silicon melt accommodated in a crucible by the Czochralski method, which is installed at an arbitrary angle with respect to the silicon single crystal.
- First crystal diameter measuring means having a CCD camera for measuring a crystal diameter from a fusion ring at the boundary between the silicon melt and the silicon single crystal, respectively, toward both ends of the crystal diameter of the silicon single crystal.
- a second crystal diameter measuring means having two CCD cameras installed in parallel; and a crucible adjusting means for controlling the height position of the crucible, and measured by the first crystal diameter measuring means. From the difference between the first crystal diameter and the second crystal diameter measured by the second crystal diameter measuring means, the crucible during the pulling of the silicon single crystal is obtained. The height position of the silicon melt surface is calculated, and based on the calculated height position, the silicon single crystal is pulled up while controlling the height position of the crucible by the crucible adjusting means.
- a silicon single crystal pulling apparatus is provided.
- the height position of the silicon melt surface during pulling of the silicon single crystal can be calculated more accurately and simply, and the calculated silicon melt Since the silicon single crystal is pulled up while controlling the height position of the crucible based on the height position of the surface, the silicon melt surface can be controlled to the desired height position, with higher accuracy near the solid-liquid interface It is possible to control the temperature gradient of the semiconductor layer, and further control the defect region in the silicon single crystal. Thereby, the silicon single crystal of desired quality can be stably produced.
- the height position of the silicon melt surface can be accurately calculated more easily.
- the height position of the liquid level can be obtained more accurately, so that it can be controlled with high accuracy by the desired height position. This makes it possible to stably produce a silicon single crystal having a desired quality.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a silicon single crystal pulling apparatus according to the CZ method of the present invention.
- This silicon single crystal pulling apparatus (hereinafter also simply referred to as a pulling apparatus) 1 includes a hollow cylindrical chamber 2, and a crucible 3 is disposed at the center thereof.
- This crucible has a double structure, and is composed of a quartz crucible 3a having a bottomed cylindrical shape, and a graphite crucible 3b having a similar bottomed cylindrical shape adapted to hold the outside of the quartz crucible 3a. ing.
- the crucible 3 is fixed to the upper end of the support shaft 4 so as to be able to rotate and move up and down, and the crucible adjusting means 5 adjusts the rotational speed and height position of the crucible 3 using a motor or the like. Is possible.
- the resistance heating type heater 6 is arranged substantially concentrically outside the crucible. Further, a heat insulating material 7 is arranged concentrically around the outside of the heater 6. And the silicon melt 8 which was heated by the heater 6 and melted the silicon raw material is accommodated in the crucible 3.
- a rectifying cylinder 10 for an inert gas that flows into the chamber 2 during pulling is disposed on the surface of the silicon melt (silicon melt surface 9).
- a cylindrical cooling device or the like that cools the silicon single crystal by blowing cooling gas or blocking radiant heat.
- a central axis of the crucible 3 filled with the silicon melt 8 is provided with a wire 11 that rotates on the same axis as the support shaft 4 in the reverse direction or in the same direction at a predetermined speed. 12 is held.
- a silicon single crystal 13 is formed on the lower end surface of the seed crystal 12.
- the pulling apparatus 1 includes means for measuring the diameter of the silicon single crystal 13.
- the first crystal diameter measuring means 14 includes a CCD camera 14 a that can observe the silicon single crystal 13 from a window provided in the chamber 2.
- the second crystal diameter measuring means 15 includes two CCD cameras 15a and 15b. Further, these measuring means 14 and 15 are connected to a control unit 16 comprising a computer or the like, and data from the CCD cameras 14a, 15a and 15b are transmitted and processed to process the first crystal diameter and the second crystal diameter. The crystal diameter, the difference between them, the height position of the silicon melt surface 9, and the like can be calculated.
- control unit 16 is connected to a mechanism for controlling the crucible adjusting means 5 and the winding of the wire 11, and the height position of the crucible 3 and the wire 11 are based on the height position of the obtained silicon melt surface 9. It is possible to automatically control by feeding back the pulling speed of the silicon single crystal 13 by the above.
- An appropriate program can be set in advance so that the silicon melt surface 9 can be automatically controlled to a predetermined height position and the pulling speed can be automatically controlled to a predetermined value.
- FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the CCD camera 14 a and the diameter of the silicon single crystal 13.
- One CCD camera 14 a is installed at an arbitrary predetermined angle ⁇ with respect to the silicon single crystal 13.
- the CCD camera 14a detects a fusion ring 17 (high brightness band) existing at the boundary between the silicon melt 8 and the silicon single crystal 13, and obtains the first crystal diameter by the first crystal diameter measuring means 14. Can do.
- the crystal diameter Da (crystal radius Ra ⁇ 2) is measured.
- the measurement by the first crystal diameter measuring means 14 is influenced by the height position of the silicon melt surface 9 and causes an error.
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the CCD camera 14a and the diameter of the silicon single crystal 13 when the height position of the silicon melt surface 9 changes.
- the silicon melt surface 9 rises from a predetermined height position Ha set in advance to the height position Hb, even if the actual crystal diameter is Da (ie, Ra ⁇ 2), Since the measurement is performed assuming that the height of the liquid surface 9 is constant (Ha), the measurement is as short as Db (that is, Rb ⁇ 2).
- the silicon melt surface 9 descends from the predetermined height position Ha to the height position Hc, the measurement is performed on the assumption that the height of the silicon melt surface is constant (Ha). (That is, Rc ⁇ 2) is measured for a long time.
- FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the CCD cameras 15 a and 15 b and the diameter of the silicon single crystal 13.
- the second crystal diameter is measured using these CCD cameras 15a and 15b (Da 'in the case of FIG. 4).
- the CCD cameras 15a and 15b are installed in parallel to both ends of the diameter of the silicon single crystal 13, respectively.
- the installation distance between the CCD cameras 15a and 15b can be set to the target crystal diameter length, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- a mechanism capable of parallel movement or the like can be provided as necessary.
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the CCD cameras 15a and 15b and the diameter of the silicon single crystal 13 when the height position of the silicon melt surface 9 changes. For example, when the silicon melt surface 9 rises from a predetermined height position Ha ′ set in advance to a height position Hb ′, or descends to a height position Hc ′, The measured crystal diameter is Da ′. The crystal diameter measured does not change just by moving the field of view up and down.
- the control unit 16 uses the first crystal diameter measured using the CCD camera 14 a of the first crystal diameter measuring unit 14 and the CCD cameras 15 a and 15 b of the second crystal diameter measuring unit 15. Then, the difference from the measured second crystal diameter is calculated, and the height position of the silicon melt surface is calculated.
- the calculation program in the control part 16 is not specifically limited, For example, it can be set as follows.
- FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the difference between the first crystal diameter and the second crystal diameter and the height position of the silicon melt surface (or the amount of movement from the predetermined height position).
- ⁇ H is the amount of movement of the silicon melt surface from the predetermined height position Ha to Hc.
- ⁇ D is the difference between the first crystal diameter and the second crystal diameter (Dc ⁇ Da).
- ⁇ is the installation angle of the CCD camera 14a with respect to the silicon single crystal 13. That is, the angle formed by the direction from the fusion ring to the CCD camera 14a when the height position of the silicon melt surface is Ha and the side surface of the silicon single crystal 13 is formed.
- ⁇ ′ is an angle formed by the direction from the fusion ring to the CCD camera 14 a when the height position of the silicon melt surface is Hc and the side surface of the silicon single crystal 13.
- ⁇ ′ is approximated to ⁇
- ⁇ H ⁇ D / (2 tan ⁇ ) (Equation 1) from the relationship shown in FIG. Can be obtained as Then, the actual height position Hc can be calculated from the predetermined height position Ha and the movement amount ⁇ H. In this way, by using an equation that approximates ⁇ and ⁇ ′, it is possible to obtain the amount of movement of the silicon melt surface 9 more easily and obtain the height position thereof.
- the height position Hc may be calculated by obtaining ⁇ ′ without approximation.
- the silicon single crystal 13 is pulled up using a pulling apparatus 1 as shown in FIG.
- the high-purity polycrystalline silicon raw material is melted by being heated by the heater 6 to a melting point (about 1420 ° C.) or higher.
- the tip of the seed crystal 12 is brought into contact with or immersed in the substantially central portion of the surface of the silicon melt 8 by unwinding the wire 11.
- the support shaft 4 is rotated in an appropriate direction, the wire 11 is wound while being wound, and the seed crystal 12 is pulled up to start growing the silicon single crystal 13.
- the silicon single crystal 13 having a desired quality such as a defect-free region is pulled up.
- the defect region in the silicon single crystal 13 is raised.
- the temperature gradient G in the vicinity of the solid-liquid interface Gc at the crystal central part of the silicon single crystal and Ge at the crystal peripheral part.
- the silicon single crystal 13 is being pulled up. It is important to accurately grasp the height position of the silicon melt surface 9.
- the height position of the silicon melt surface 9 is calculated using the first crystal diameter measuring means 14 and the second crystal diameter measuring means 15.
- the height position of the silicon melt surface 9 measured in advance before pulling can be used as a reference.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a position that is a predetermined distance away from the rectifying cylinder 10 or the like can be used as a reference, and the reference can be determined each time.
- the first crystal diameter is measured using the CCD camera 14 a of the first crystal diameter measuring means 14.
- the second crystal diameter is measured using the CCD cameras 15 a and 15 b of the second crystal diameter measuring means 15. The difference between them is calculated by the control unit 16, the amount of movement of the silicon melt surface 9 is appropriately obtained from the above (Equation 1), and the height position of the silicon melt surface 9 at that time is calculated.
- the height of the crucible 3 is adjusted by, for example, the crucible adjusting means 5 according to a program preset by the control unit 16 based on the height position of the silicon melt surface 9 thus calculated. Control the position appropriately. While controlling the temperature gradient G in the vicinity of the solid-liquid interface by maintaining the height position of the silicon melt surface 9 at the above-mentioned reference height position, the silicon single crystal 13 is simultaneously pulled up by the controller 16 at the same time. Pull up with control to speed V.
- Example 2 By using the silicon single crystal pulling apparatus 1 of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 by the CZ method, the method for calculating the height position of the silicon melt surface and the pulling method of the silicon single crystal of the present invention is carried out to pull the silicon single crystal. It was. A quartz crucible 3 having a diameter of 812 mm installed in the chamber 2 of the silicon single crystal pulling apparatus 1 was filled with 360 kg of polycrystalline silicon, and the graphite heater 6 was energized to melt the polycrystalline silicon. Thereafter, the seed crystal 12 was brought into contact with the melt surface, and the silicon single crystal 13 was grown by being raised by the winding mechanism of the wire 11 while being rotated at 8 rpm contrary to the rotation direction of the crucible 3.
- the position at a predetermined distance from the tip of the rectifying cylinder 10 is used as a reference so that a temperature gradient G in the vicinity of a predetermined solid-liquid interface is obtained so that a desired defect region distribution is obtained in the crystal axis direction.
- the height position of the crucible 3 was controlled so that the silicon melt surface 9 was maintained at the height position.
- the first crystal diameter measuring means 14 and the second crystal diameter measuring means 15 are used to measure the first crystal diameter and the second crystal diameter, and from the above (formula 1), the silicon melt surface is measured.
- the silicon single crystal was pulled up while the height position of the crucible 3 was feedback controlled by the crucible adjusting means 5 through the control unit 16.
- the CCD camera 14a was installed at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the silicon single crystal for measurement.
- FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the amount of movement of the silicon melt surface estimated from the difference between the first crystal diameter and the second crystal diameter and the pulled crystal length. It can be seen that the amount of movement of the height position of the silicon melt surface is approximately 0 mm over the entire length in the crystal axis direction, and that the distance from the reference height position can be maintained during the pulling without being greatly separated. Moreover, when the pulled silicon single crystal was investigated, a desired defect region was obtained over the entire length in the crystal axis direction.
- a silicon single crystal was pulled by the CZ method with the same crystal quality as that of the example.
- the position at a predetermined distance from the tip of the rectifying cylinder is used as a reference so that a temperature gradient G in the vicinity of a predetermined solid-liquid interface is obtained so that a desired defect region distribution is obtained in the crystal axis direction.
- the height position of the crucible was controlled so that the silicon melt surface was maintained at the height position.
- the data such as the diameter of the silicon single crystal being pulled is not used, and the change in the height position of the silicon melt surface is calculated only from the data on the height position of the silicon melt surface before the pulling. Etc., and the height position of the crucible was controlled. The other conditions were the same as in the example.
- FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the amount of movement of the silicon melt surface estimated from the difference between the first crystal diameter and the second crystal diameter and the pulled crystal length.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the above-described embodiment is an exemplification, and the present invention has substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention, and any device that exhibits the same function and effect is the present invention. It is included in the technical scope of the invention.
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Abstract
Description
図9に示すように、この引き上げ装置101は、チャンバー102、ルツボ103、ルツボ103を回転・昇降させるためのルツボ調整手段105、ヒーター106を有している。また、ルツボ103内には、ヒーター106により溶融したシリコン融液108が収容されており、チャンバー102の上方から吊されたワイヤー111の下端に保持された種結晶112をシリコン融液108に浸漬して引上げることにより、シリコン単結晶113が育成される。引上げ中、チャンバー102内には不活性ガスが流されており、そのための整流筒110も設けられている。
CCDカメラを用いた直径の計測自体は簡便である上に、そのCCDカメラによる異なる計測方法の組み合わせを利用することでシリコン融液面の高さ位置も求めることが可能になった。
ΔH=ΔD/(2tanθ) (前記第一の結晶直径を計測するためのCCDカメラのシリコン単結晶に対する前記任意の設置角度をθ、前記第一の結晶直径と第二の結晶直径の差をΔDとする)
により求めることで算出することができる。
ΔH=ΔD/(2tanθ) (前記第一の結晶直径計測手段のCCDカメラのシリコン単結晶に対する前記任意の設置角度をθ、前記第一の結晶直径と第二の結晶直径の差をΔDとする)
により求められることで算出されるものとすることができる。
図1に本発明のCZ法によるシリコン単結晶引上げ装置の一例を示す。
このシリコン単結晶引上げ装置(以下、単に引上げ装置ともいう)1は、中空円筒状のチャンバー2を具備し、その中心部にルツボ3が配設されている。このルツボは二重構造であり、有底円筒状をなす石英製のルツボ3aと、その石英ルツボ3aの外側を保持すべく適合された同じく有底円筒状の黒鉛製のルツボ3bとから構成されている。
まず、第一の結晶直径計測手段14について説明する。図2にCCDカメラ14aとシリコン単結晶13の直径との関係を示す。
シリコン単結晶13に対して任意の所定の角度θで1台のCCDカメラ14aは設置されている。CCDカメラ14aはシリコン融液8とシリコン単結晶13との境界に存在するフュージョンリング17(高輝度帯)を検出しており、第一の結晶直径計測手段14によって第一の結晶直径を求めることができる。図2の場合、結晶直径Da(結晶半径Ra×2)を計測している。
例えば、シリコン融液面9が、予め設定した所定の高さ位置Haから上昇して高さ位置Hbになった場合、実際の結晶直径がDa(すなわちRa×2)であっても、シリコン融液面9の高さを一定(Ha)と仮定して計測しているので、Db(すなわちRb×2)と短く計測されてしまう。シリコン融液面9が所定の高さ位置Haから下降して高さ位置Hcになった場合、同様にシリコン融液面の高さを一定(Ha)と仮定して計測しているので、Dc(すなわちRc×2)と長く計測されてしまう。
CCDカメラ15a、15bは、各々、シリコン単結晶13の直径の両端に対して平行に設置されている。例えば、これらのCCDカメラ15a、15b同士の設置距離を目標とする結晶直径の長さにすることができるが、当然、これに限定されるものではない。必要に応じて平行移動等が可能な機構等を設けることができる。
例えば、シリコン融液面9が、予め設定した所定の高さ位置Ha’から上昇して高さ位置Hb’になった場合、あるいは下降して高さ位置Hc’になった場合、いずれにおいても計測される結晶直径はDa’である。視野が上下するだけで計測される結晶直径は変化しない。
制御部16での算出プログラムは特には限定されないが、例えば以下のようなものとすることができる。図6に、第一の結晶直径と第二の結晶直径との差と、シリコン融液面の高さ位置(あるいは所定の高さ位置からの移動量)との関係を示す。
ここでは、シリコン単結晶13を引上げ中に、所定の高さ位置HaからHcへとシリコン融液面9が下降した場合、すなわち第一の結晶直径がDa(すなわちRa×2)からDc(すなわちRc×2)へ変化し、第二の結晶直径はDaのままの場合を例に挙げて説明する。
また、ΔDを第一の結晶直径と第二の結晶直径の差(Dc-Da)とする。
また、θをCCDカメラ14aのシリコン単結晶13に対する設置角度とする。すなわち、シリコン融液面の高さ位置がHaのときのフュージョンリングからCCDカメラ14aへの方向とシリコン単結晶13の側面とがなす角度である。
また、θ’はシリコン融液面の高さ位置がHcのときのフュージョンリングからCCDカメラ14aへの方向とシリコン単結晶13の側面とがなす角度である。
ΔH=ΔD/(2tanθ) ……(式1)
として求めることができる。そして所定の高さ位置Haと移動量ΔHから、実際の高さ位置Hcを算出することができる。このように、θとθ’を近似した式を用いることで、より簡単にシリコン融液面9の移動量を求め、その高さ位置を得ることが可能である。もちろん、近似せずにθ’を求めて高さ位置Hcを算出しても良い。
図1に示すような引上げ装置1を用いてシリコン単結晶13を引上げる。
まず、ルツボ3内でシリコンの高純度多結晶原料を融点(約1420℃)以上にヒータ6により加熱して融解する。次に、ワイヤー11を巻き出すことにより、シリコン融液8の表面略中心部に種結晶12の先端を接触または浸漬させる。その後、支持軸4を適宜の方向に回転させるとともに、ワイヤー11を回転させながら巻き取り、種結晶12を引き上げることにより、シリコン単結晶13の育成を開始する。
そして、この固液界面近傍の温度勾配を制御するには、シリコン融液面9から整流筒10の先端への距離等を正確に制御する必要があり、それにはシリコン単結晶13を引上げ中のシリコン融液面9の高さ位置を正確に把握することが重要である。
なお、例えば、引上げ前に予め測定しておいたシリコン融液面9の高さ位置を基準とすることができる。当然、これに限定されず、整流筒10等から所定の距離だけ離れた位置を基準とすることもでき、その都度基準を決定することが可能である。
(実施例)
CZ法により、図1に示す本発明のシリコン単結晶引上げ装置1を用い、本発明のシリコン融液面の高さ位置の算出方法およびシリコン単結晶の引上げ方法を実施してシリコン単結晶を引上げた。
シリコン単結晶引上げ装置1のチャンバー2内に設置された、口径が812mmの石英ルツボ3に多結晶シリコン360kgを充填し、黒鉛ヒーター6に通電して多結晶シリコンを溶融した。
その後、種結晶12を融液面に接触させ、ルツボ3の回転方向とは逆に8rpmで回転させつつ、ワイヤー11の巻き上げ機構で上昇することでシリコン単結晶13を育成した。
なお、CCDカメラ14aはシリコン単結晶に対して45度の角度で設置して計測を行った。
結晶軸方向の長さ全般にわたってシリコン融液面の高さ位置の移動量が0mm付近であり、引上げ中に基準の高さ位置から大きく離れることもなく維持できたことが分かる。
また、引上げたシリコン単結晶について調査したところ、結晶軸方向の長さの全体にわたって所望の欠陥領域が得られていた。
CZ法により実施例と同様の結晶品質を目標としてシリコン単結晶を引上げた。
この際、結晶軸方向に所望の欠陥領域の分布となるように、所定の固液界面近傍の温度勾配Gが得られるように、整流筒の先端から所定距離の位置を基準とし、該基準となる高さ位置にシリコン融液面が維持されるようにルツボの高さ位置を制御した。なお、引上げ中のシリコン単結晶の直径等のデータは利用せず、単に、引上げ前のシリコン融液面の高さ位置のデータ等から、計算によってのみ、シリコン融液面の高さ位置の変化等を予測し、ルツボの高さ位置の制御を行った。それ以外は実施例と同様の条件とした。
結晶が成長するにしたがってシリコン融液面の移動量は徐々に増加していき、最終的には基準から1mmずれてしまった。
このため、引上げたシリコン単結晶について調査したところ、引上げ後半部において、所望の欠陥領域が得られていない部分が広い範囲で存在した。シリコン単結晶の引上げ中に石英ルツボの変形等が生じ、それによってシリコン融液面の高さ位置についての当初の計算による予想からズレが生じたものと考えられる。
一方、本発明を実施した実施例では、実際に引上げ中のシリコン単結晶の直径に関するデータを利用して簡便にルツボの高さ位置等のフィードバック制御をすることができた。これにより、より高精度で、シリコン融液面の高さ位置の算出・制御を行い、その目標とする品質のシリコン単結晶を得ることができた。
Claims (5)
- チョクラルスキー法により、ルツボ内に収容したシリコン融液からシリコン単結晶を引上げる際に、シリコン融液面の高さ位置を算出する方法であって、
前記シリコン単結晶に対して任意の角度に設置したCCDカメラを用い、前記シリコン融液とシリコン単結晶との境界のフュージョンリングから計測した第一の結晶直径と、
前記シリコン単結晶の結晶直径の両端に向かって各々平行に設置した2台のCCDカメラを用いて計測した第二の結晶直径を求め、
該第一の結晶直径と第二の結晶直径の差から、シリコン単結晶引上げ中におけるルツボ内のシリコン融液面の高さ位置を算出することを特徴とするシリコン融液面の高さ位置の算出方法。 - 前記シリコン融液面の高さ位置を算出するとき、所定の高さ位置からの移動量ΔHを、
ΔH=ΔD/(2tanθ) (前記第一の結晶直径を計測するためのCCDカメラのシリコン単結晶に対する前記任意の設置角度をθ、前記第一の結晶直径と第二の結晶直径の差をΔDとする)
により求めることで算出することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のシリコン融液面の高さ位置の算出方法。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載のシリコン融液面の高さ位置の算出方法を用いてシリコン融液面の高さ位置を算出し、該算出結果に基づき、シリコン融液面の高さ位置を制御しつつシリコン単結晶を引上げることを特徴とするシリコン単結晶の引上げ方法。
- チョクラルスキー法により、ルツボ内に収容したシリコン融液からシリコン単結晶を引上げるためのシリコン単結晶引上げ装置であって、
前記シリコン単結晶に対して任意の角度に設置され、前記シリコン融液とシリコン単結晶との境界のフュージョンリングから結晶直径を計測するためのCCDカメラを有する第一の結晶直径計測手段と、
前記シリコン単結晶の結晶直径の両端に向かって各々平行に設置した2台のCCDカメラを有する第二の結晶直径計測手段と、
前記ルツボの高さ位置を制御するルツボ調整手段とを備えており、
前記第一の結晶直径計測手段により計測された第一の結晶直径と、前記第二の結晶直径計測手段により計測された第二の結晶直径との差から、前記シリコン単結晶引上げ中におけるルツボ内のシリコン融液面の高さ位置を算出し、該算出された高さ位置に基づき、前記ルツボ調整手段によりルツボの高さ位置を制御しつつシリコン単結晶を引上げるものであることを特徴とするシリコン単結晶引上げ装置。 - 前記シリコン融液面の高さ位置は、所定の高さ位置からの移動量ΔHが、
ΔH=ΔD/(2tanθ) (前記第一の結晶直径計測手段のCCDカメラのシリコン単結晶に対する前記任意の設置角度をθ、前記第一の結晶直径と第二の結晶直径の差をΔDとする)
により求められることで算出されるものであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のシリコン単結晶引上げ装置。
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